狄多

埃涅阿斯向狄多講述特洛伊戰爭，皮耶爾—納西斯·蓋蘭的一幅畫。這一幕取自維吉爾的《埃涅阿斯紀》。
狄多（Διδώ Dīdō，Dido）據古希臘和古羅馬史料記載，曾是古迦太基女王，迦太基城的建立者。最使她出名的當屬古羅馬詩人維吉爾在《埃涅阿斯紀》中的記載。埃涅阿斯與狄多相愛，但因為要去建立未來的羅馬，不得不離開迦太基，狄多心碎自殺。不過根據記載埃涅阿斯與狄多相差一百年之久，因此不可能相遇。

**早期記載**
梵蒂岡的維吉爾（Vatican Library, Cod. Vat. lat. 3225）。
阿庇安《羅馬史》、維吉爾《埃涅阿斯紀》傳說從泰爾逃亡的狄多公主以用牛皮量地方式騙得北非突尼斯土地，建立希臘文為牛皮之意的畢爾莎（βύρσα）。

**另見**
《埃涅阿斯紀》

**註釋**

**部分參考文獻**
 H. Akbar Khan, "Doctissima Dido": Etymology, Hospitality and the Construction of a Civilized Identity, 2002.- Elmer Bagby Atwood, Two Alterations of Virgil in Chaucer’s Dido, 1938.- S. Conte, Dido sine veste, 2005.- R. S. Conway, The Place of Dido in History, 1920.- F. Della Corte, La Iuno-Astarte virgiliana, 1983.- G. De Sanctis, Storia dei Romani, 1916.- R.J. Edgeworth, "The Death of Dido." The Classical Journal 72.2 (1977) 129-33.- M. Fantar, Carthage, la prestigieuse cité d'Elissa, 1970.- L. Foucher, Les Phéniciens à Carthage ou la geste d'Elissa, 1978.- Michael Grant, Roman Myths, 1973.- M. Gras/P. Rouillard/J. Teixidor, L'univers phénicien, 1995.- H.D. Gray, Did Shakespeare write a tragedy of Dido?, 1920.- G. Herm, Die Phönizier, 1974.- T. Kailuweit, Dido – Didon – Didone. Eine kommentierte Bibliographie zum Dido-Mythos in Literatur und Musik, 2005.- R.C. Ketterer, The perils of Dido: sorcery and melodrama in Vergil’s Aeneid IV and Purcell's Dido and Aeneas, 1992.- R.H. Klausen, Aeneas und die Penaten, 1839.- G. Kowalski, De Didone graeca et latina, 1929.- F.N. Lees，《迦太基女王狄多和》（Dido Queen of Carthage and The Tempest），1964年。- J.-Y. Maleuvre, Contre-Enquête sur la mort de Didon, 2003.- J.-Y. Maleuvre, La mort de Virgile d’après Horace et Ovide, 1993;- L. Mangiacapre, Didone non è morta, 1990.- P.E. McLane，《女王之死：斯賓塞的伊麗莎白女王——狄多》（The Death of a Queen: Spencer's Dido as Elizabeth），1954年。- O. Meltzer, Geschichte der Karthager, 1879.- A. Michel, Virgile et la politique impériale: un courtisan ou un philosophe?, 1971.- R.C. Monti, The Dido Episode and the Aeneid: Roman Social and Political Values in the Epic, 1981.- S. Moscati, Chi furono i Fenici. Identità storica e culturale di un popolo protagonista dell'antico mondo mediterraneo, 1992.- R. Neuse, Book VI as Conclusion to The Faerie Queene, 1968.- A. Parry, The Two Voices of Virgil's Aeneid, 1963.- G.K. Paster, Montaigne, Dido and The Tempest: “How Came That Widow In?, 1984.- B. Schmitz, Ovide, In Ibin: un oiseau impérial, 2004;- E. Stampini, Alcune osservazioni sulla leggenda di Enea e Didone nella letteratura romana, 1893.

**主要資料來源**
Virgil, Aeneid i.338–368
*Justinus, Epitome Historiarum philippicarum Pompei Trogi xviii.4.1–6, 8

**外部鏈接**
 Selected English texts (Alternate links found in Wikipedia entries for the respective authors.)
**  Forum Romanum: Justin 18.3f date=20200212113222  (Contains Justin (18.3–6) relating the early story of Elissa in full.)
**  Translation of Virgil's works including the Aeneid by A. S. Kline (See also Virgil and Aeneid.)
**  Ovid's imagined letter from Dido to Aeneas, trans. Miceal F. Vaughan (See also Ovid.)
**  Appian, The Punic Wars, chapter 1 date=20041010184521  (See also Appian.)
**  Dido, Queen of Carthage date=19990901194817 , original text, modernization, and discussion of Chaucer's Legend of Dido
**  The Tragedy of Dido, Queen of Carthage, by Christopher Marlowe (and Thomas Nashe?). (See also Christopher Marlowe.)- Commentary
**  Greek Mythology Link: Dido
**  Queen Dido: Didone Liberata date=20210211155347  (Mostly about a new four-act play by Salvatore Conte; it contains also a confutation of the well-known suicide into a subjective vision of Aeneas and his "comites" – 4.664, followed by Dido's catabasis)