埃塞爾·史密斯 (作曲家)

埃塞爾·史密斯的肖像約翰·辛格·沙金創作於1901年
埃塞爾·瑪麗·史密斯女爵士，DBE（Dame Ethel Mary Smyth，catIdx=S），女，英國作曲家和爭取女性參政權運動的成員之一。史密斯出生於倫敦，是家裡八個孩子中的老四。 她的父親J. H. Smyth是皇家炮兵的一名少將，非常反對她的音樂事業。 
但史密斯沒有受到父親影響，成為了一位優秀的作曲家。她師從一位私人家教，後來進入萊比錫孟德爾頌音樂戲劇學院學習，在那裡她遇到了許多作曲家。她的作品包括歌曲，鋼琴作品，室內樂，管絃樂，協奏曲作品，合唱作品和歌劇。
她住在Frimhurst很多年。但是從1913年起，她開始逐漸喪失聽力，完成四個主要作品就完全耳聾，作曲生涯也結束了。然而，她又開始在文學上感興趣，在1919年和1940年，她出版了10本非常成功的書，大多是自傳。 
為了表彰史密斯作為作曲家和作家的成就，1922年她被授予大英帝國勳章（DBE）。1944年史密斯死於沃金，並在當地火化。

**音樂生涯**

**參與運動**

**個人生活**
史密斯曾經有過好幾段戀情，大部分是與女性。她歌劇作品的詞作者Henry Bennet Brewster，可能是她唯一的男性情人。她曾與已婚的艾米琳·潘克斯特有過戀情。在她71歲時喜歡上了作家弗吉尼亞·吳爾夫，吳爾夫既驚慌又好笑，後來她們成為了朋友。

**作品**

**作曲**
Impressions That Remained (1919)
*Streaks Of Life (1921)
*A Three-Legged Tour in Greece (1927) 
*A Final Burning of Boats (1928)
*Female Pipings in Eden (1933)
*Beecham and Pharaoh (1935)
*As Time Went On (1936)
*Inordinate (?) Affection (1936)
*Maurice Baring (1938) 
*What Happened Next (1940)

**錄音**
 Violin Sonata in A minor, Op. 7, Cello Sonata in A minor, Op. 5, String Quintet in E major, Op. 1, String Quartet in E minor (1912): Renate Eggebrecht, violin, Friedemann Kupsa cello, Céline Dutilly piano, fanny mendelssohn quartet, TRO-CD 01403 (2-CD-Set).- Double Concerto in A for violin, horn and piano (1926): Renate Eggebrecht violin, Franz Draxinger horn, Céline Dutilly piano; Four Songs for mezzosoprano and chamber ensemble (1907): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Ethel Smyth ensemble; Three songs for mezzosoprano and piano (1913): Melinda Paulsen mezzo, Angela Gassenhuber piano, TRO-CD 01405.- Cello Sonata in C minor (1880): Friedemann Kupsa cello, Anna Silova piano; Lieder und Balladen, Opp. 3 & 4, Three Moods of the Sea (1913): Maarten Koningsberger baritone, Kelvin Grout piano, TRO-CD 01417.- String Quartet in E Minor and String Quintet op. 1 in E Major. Mannheimer Streichquartett and Joachim Griesheimer. CPO 999 352-2.- Complete Piano Works. Liana Serbescu. CPO 999 327-2.- Concerto for Violin, Horn and Orchestra. BBC Philharmonic, cond. Odaline de la Martinez. Chandos Chan 9449.- Mass in D. Eiddwen Harrhy, The Plymouth Music Series, Pilip Brunelle. Virgin Classics VC 7 91188-2.- The Wreckers. Anne-Marie Owens, Justin Lavender, Peter Sidhom, David Wilson-Johnson, Judith Howarth, Anthony Roden, Brian Bannatyne-Scott, Annemarie Sand. Huddersfield Choral Society, BBC Philharmonic, Odaline de la Martinez. Conifer Classics.

**參見**
 古典音樂作曲家列表

**參考資料**
註釋
引用來源
*Benson, E.F. (1986), Dodo: An Omnibus. London: Hogarth Press, 1986  ISBN 0701206969 ISBN 0-7012-0696-9
*Gates, Eugene (2006), " Damned If You Do and Damned If You Don't: Sexual Aesthetics and the Music of Dame Ethel Smyth" date=20200723070727 , Kapralova Society Journal 4, no. 1, 2006: 1-5.
*Gates, Eugene (2013), "Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera." Kapralova Society Journal 11, no. 1 (2013): 1-9.
*Jebens, Dieter and R. Cansdale (2004), Guide to the Basingstoke Canal. Basingstoke Canal Authority and the Surrey and Hampshire Canal Society, 2004. (2nd Edition)- St. John, Christopher (1959), Ethel Smyth: A Biography. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1959.

**延伸閱讀**
Anderson, Gwen, Ethyl Smyth, London: Cecil Woolf, 1997. ISBN 189796790X  ISBN 1-897967-90-X - Bartsch, Cornelia, Rebecca Grotjahn, and Melanie Unseld. Felsensprengerin, Brückenbauerin, Wegbereiterin: Die Komponistin Ethel Smyth. Rock Blaster, Bridge Builder, Road Paver: The Composer Ethel Smyth.  Allitera (2010) ISBN 978-3-86906-068-2- Collis, Louise. Impetuous Heart: The Story of Ethel Smyth. London: William Kimber, 1984. ISBN 0-7183-0543-4- Crichton, Ronald. The Memoirs of Ethel Smyth. London: Viking Press, 1987. ISBN 0670806552 ISBN 0-670-80655-2 
*Kertesz, Elizabeth Jane,   Issues in the critical reception of Ethel Smyth’s Mass and first four operas in England and Germany, Ph. D. Dissertation, Melboure: University of Melbourne on unimelb.edu.au

**外部鏈接**
 cname=埃塞爾·史密斯-  The Lied, Art Song and Choral Texts Archive-  Dame Ethel Smyth: Pioneer of English Opera date=20200723070639  - by Eugene Gates, Kapralova Society Journal.-  Ethel Smyth date=20200218120919  - by Valarie Morris, Sandscape Publications.-  Ethel Smyth Research Centre Detmold, Germany-  Ethel Mary Smyth letter date=20160413101501 -  Ethel Mary Smyth letter 2 date=20160413101503  -  Dame Ethel Mary Smyth (1858-1944), Composer and writer date=20071120103610  (National Portrait Gallery)- P26603-  Works by Ethel Smyth on Internet Archive-  Dame Ethel Smyth: Composer, suffragette, sportswoman and resident of Woking date=20190508101432