埃克哈特大師

埃克哈特大師（Meister Eckhart），本名埃克哈特·馮·霍赫海姆（Eckhart von Hochheim），或稱約翰尼斯·艾克哈特（Johannes Eckhart），是一位德國神學家、哲學家和神秘主義者，出生在神聖羅馬帝國圖林根州的Landgraviate。十多歲時便加入道明會並任高級職務。作為佈道者他效力極高，其講道方法給同時代人和後來者留下了極深刻的印象。對於德語哲學術語的創制也作出重大貢獻。其關注的最主要問題是日常生活中持續精神實踐的原理的傳播。他非傳統的，有時甚至是挑釁性的言論常常與當時的普遍信仰相牴觸，故而引起了轟動。比如他認為，“靈魂的根基”不像所有的動物是被上帝所創造的，但是神聖的，非受造的。靈的的原因即神性，是瞬間表現的。Meister 是「大師」的德文，意指他在巴黎獲得的學銜「神學碩士」
教皇約翰二十二世將他列為異端，他反駁了這些指控。據說他在正式判決之前死亡，雖然沒有發現過他的埋葬地點，沒有死亡記錄。

**延伸閱讀**
 Jeanne Ancelet-Hustache, Master Eckhart and the Rhineland Mystics, New York and London: Harper and Row/ Longmans, 1957.- Leonardo Vittorio Arena, The Shadows of the Masters, ebook, 2013.- James M. Clark, The Great German Mystics, New York: Russell and Russell, 1970 (reprint of Basil Blackwell edition, Oxford: 1949.)- James M. Clark, trans., Henry Suso: Little Book of Eternal Wisdom and Little Book of Truth, London: Faber, 1953.- Cesare Catà, Il Cardinale e l'Eretico. Nicola Cusano e il problema della eredità "eterodossa" di Meister Eckhart nel suo pensiero, in "Viator. Medieval and Renaissance Studies", UCLA University, Volume 41, No.2 (2010), pp. 269–291.- Oliver Davies, God Within: The Mystical Tradition of Northern Europe, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1988.- Oliver Davies, Meister Eckhart: Mystical Theologian, London: SPCK, 1991.- Eckardus Theutonicus, homo doctus et sanctus, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1993.- Robert K. Forman, Meister Eckhart: Mystic as Theologian, Rockport, Massachusetts/Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element Books, 1991.- Gundolf Gieraths, O.P., '"Life in Abundance: Meister Eckhart and the German Dominican Mystics of the 14th Century", Spirituality Today Supplement, Autumn, 1986.- Joel F. Harrington, “Dangerous Mystic: Meister Eckhart’s Path to the God Within”, New York: Penguin Press, 2018.- Aldous Huxley, The Perennial Philosophy: An Interpretation of the Great Mystics, East and West, New York: HarperCollins, 1945.- Amy Hollywood, The Soul as Virgin Wife: Mechthild of Magdeburg, Marguerite Porete, and Meister Eckhart, Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1996.- Rufus Jones, The Flowering of Mysticism in the Fourteenth Century, New York: Hafner Publishing Co., 1971 (facsimile of 1939 ed.).- Bernard McGinn, "Eckhart's Condemnation Reconsidered" in The Thomist, vol. 44, 1980.- Bernard McGinn, ed., Meister Eckhart and the Beguine Mystics Hadewijch of Brabant, Mechthild of Magdeburg, and Marguerite Porete, New York: Continuum, 1994.- Ben Morgan. On Becoming God: Late Medieval Mysticism and the Modern Western Self. New York: Fordham UP, 2013.- Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. II, 0-486-21762-0- Cyprian Smith, The Way of Paradox: Spiritual Life as Taught by Meister Eckhart, New York: Paulist Press, 1988.- Frank Tobin, Meister Eckhart: Thought and Language, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986.- Denys Turner, The Darkness of God: Negativity in Christian Mysticism, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.- Winfried Trusen, Der Prozess gegen Meister Eckhart, Fribourg: University of Fribourg, 1988.- Andrew Weeks, German Mysticism from Hildegard of Bingen to Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Literary and Intellectual History, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993.- Richard Woods, O.P., Eckhart's Way, Wilmington, Delaware: Glazier, 1986 (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991).- Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: The Gospel of Peace and Justice, Tape Cassette Program, Chicago: Center for Religion & Society, 1993.- Richard Woods, O.P., Meister Eckhart: Master of Mystics (London, Continuum, 2010).- Saeed Zarrabi-Zadeh, Practical Mysticism in Islam and Christianity: A Comparative Study of Jalal al-Din Rumi and Meister Eckhart, London and New York: Routledge, 2016.

**備注**

**外部連結**
 Eckhart Triebel:  Meister Eckhart und seine Zeit date=20060830182040 （艾克哈特大師和他的時代 - 德語）- Eckhart Triebel:  Meister Eckhart Bibliographie seit 1995 date=20231202201504  艾克哈特大師自 1995 年以來的參考書目）