尤里·奧爾洛夫

尤里·費奧多羅維奇·奧爾洛夫（Юрий Фёдорович Орлов，Yuri Feodorovich Orlov，catIdx=Orlov, Yuri）生於蘇俄莫斯科，是康乃爾大學物理學與政府學教授，前蘇聯異見分子，前蘇聯核物理學家和與人權運動者，創辦了莫斯科赫爾辛基小組和蘇聯大赦國際團體。作為蘇聯人權運動的創始人，他曾因密切關注赫爾辛基人權運動而服刑流亡九年，被認為是良心犯。

**早年生涯**
1924年8月13日，尤里·奧爾洛夫出生於莫斯哥附近村莊的一個工人家庭。他的父母是Klavdiya Petrovna Lebedeva和Fyodor Pavlovich Orlov。1933年3月，其父作古。
1944至1946年間，奧爾洛夫是蘇聯軍隊的一個軍官。1952年，他從莫斯科國立大學畢業，加入理論與實驗物理研究所學習。隨後成為研究所的物理學家。

**參考資料**

**部分出版物**
 archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082410/http://www.unz.org/Pub/Survey-1974q2-00241- vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=The road to my arrest|journal=The New Leader|date=March 1977|volume=60|issue=6|harvid=Orlov1977- archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081644/http://www.unz.org/Pub/Survey-1979q2-00067- vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=A quantum model of doubt|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|date=October 1981|volume=373|pages=84–92|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1981.tb51134.x|bibcode=1981NYASA.373...84O|harvid=Orlov1981- vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=The wave logic of consciousness: a hypothesis|journal=International Journal of Theoretical Physics|date=January 1982|volume=21|issue=1|pages=37–53|doi=10.1007/BF01880263|bibcode=1982IJTP...21...37O|harvid=Orlov1982- cite journal|title=Yury Orlov: I believe in the people|journal=Index on Censorship|date=February 1987|volume=16|issue=2|pages=10|doi=10.1080/03064228708534201|url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03064228708534201- vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri; Bethell, Nicholas|title=Out of the Gulag and into exile|journal=Encounter|date=May 1987|issue=26|pages=48–52|url=http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter-1987may-00048|harvid=OrlovBethell1987|accessdate=2018-11-12|archivedate=2015-09-09|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150909224311/http://www.unz.org/Pub/Encounter-1987may-00048- vcite journal|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=Before and after glasnost|journal=Commentary|date=1 October 1988|volume=86|issue=4|page=24|url=https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/before-and-after-glasnost/|harvid=Orlov1988a|accessdate=2018-11-12|archivedate=2018-06-13|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234853/https://www.commentarymagazine.com/articles/before-and-after-glasnost/- harvid=Orlov1988b- vcite news|author=Gottfried, Kurt; Orlov, Yuri|title=A man who would not be silenced: Sakharov: he saw scientific, political and moral realities as one equation, and he died still warning about 'tomorrow'|url=http://articles.latimes.com/1989-12-19/local/me-415_1_human-rights|work=The Los Angeles Times|date=19 December 1989|harvid=GottfriedOrlov1989- vcite journal|author=Bonner, Elena; Orlov, Yuri|title=Armenia: an open letter|journal=The New York Review of Books|date=18 July 1991|url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1991/jul/18/armenia-an-open-letter/|harvid=BonnerOrlov1991|accessdate=2018-11-12|archivedate=2011-07-08|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708212854/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1991/jul/18/armenia-an-open-letter/- vcite book|author=Orlov, Yuri Юрий Орлов|chapter=Перейти к полной свободе в сфере идей|trans_chapter=Passing to full freedom in the area of ideas|chapter-url=http://www.memo.ru/uploads/files/1369.pdf|editor=Aksyutin, Yuri; Medvedev, Roy Юрий Аксютин, Рой Медведев (eds.)|title=Л.И. Брежнев: Материалы к биографии|trans_title=L.I. Brezhnev: Materials to biography|date=1991|publisher=Политиздат|location=Moscow|isbn=5-250-01721-5|pages=323–328|language=Russian|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CBofAAAAMAAJ|harvid=AksyutinMedvedev1991 date=20160516212653  - cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri|title=Dangerous Thoughts. Memoirs of a Russian Life|url=https://archive.org/details/dangerousthought00orlo|date=1991|location=New York|publisher=William Morrow and Company|isbn=0688104711- cite book|author=Орлов, Юрий|script-title=ru:Опасные мысли: Мемуары из рус. жизни|trans-title=Dangerous Thoughts. Memoirs of a Russian Life|date=1992|publisher=Аргументы и факты|location=Moscow|url=http://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=book&num=109|language=ru|isbn=585272002X|title=|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-11-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181112223623/https://www.sakharov-center.ru/asfcd/auth/?t=book&num=109|dead-url=yes- vcite journal|author=Birman, Joseph; Lizhi, Fang; Winick, Herman; Chudnovsky, Eugene; Orlov, Yuri|title=Science and human rights|journal=Nature|date=August 1994|volume=370|issue=6491|page=592|doi=10.1038/370592a0|bibcode=1994Natur.370..592B|harvid=BirmanLizhiWinick1994- cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri Юрий Орлов|chapter=Возможен ли социализм не тоталитарного типа?|trans-chapter=Is a non-totalitarian type of socialism possible?|chapter-url=http://antology.igrunov.ru/authors/orlov/1083933185.html|editor1=Akhmetiev I.|editor2=Kulakov V. editor3=В. Кулаков|title=Самиздат века|trans-title=Samizdat of the century|date=1997|publisher=Полифакт|location=Minsk|isbn=5-89356-004-3|language=ru|access-date=2018-11-12|archive-date=2018-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181210223538/http://antology.igrunov.ru/authors/orlov/1083933185.html|dead-url=no- cite book|author=Orlov, Yuri Юрий Орлов|chapter=Возможен ли социализм не тоталитарного типа?|trans-chapter=Is a non-totalitarian type of socialism possible?|editor=Igrunov, Vyacheslav Вячеслав Игрунов|title=Антология самиздата. Неподцензурная литература в СССР. 1950–1980-е.: В 3-х томах: т. 3: после 1973|trans-title=Anthology of samizdat. Uncensored literature in the USSR. The 1950s–1980s. In 3 volumes. Volume 3. After 1973|date=2005|publisher=Международный институт гуманитарно-политических исследований|pages=191–205|location=Moscow|isbn=5-89793-034-1|url=http://library.khpg.org/files/docs/1320039970.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130308001603/http://library.khpg.org/files/docs/1320039970.pdf|archivedate=8 March 2013|deadurl=no|language=ru

**相關資料**
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**視頻**
 cite web|title=Восемнадцатая серия. Юрий Орлов|trans-title=The eighteenth part. Yuri Orlov|url=http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/media/video/soviet-dissidents-parallels-events-people/2442552.html|author=Natella Boltyanskaya|publisher=Parallels, Events, People|website=Voice of America|date=8 September 2014|language=ru|accessdate=2018-11-12|archive-date=2016-03-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305064448/http://www.golos-ameriki.ru/media/video/soviet-dissidents-parallels-events-people/2442552.html|dead-url=no- YouTube|BHBQPHZGyYk|Юбилейный вечер Юрия Орлова Anniversary evening of Yuri Orlov, 19 min, in Russian