賽普勒斯問題

希臘及土耳其爭執的賽普勒斯（右下）
賽普勒斯問題（Κυπριακό (ζήτημα) , Kıbrıs Sorunu）是位在地中海東部的賽普勒斯島上，因為賽普勒斯島上的希臘人及土耳其人族裔問題及是否南、北賽普勒斯統一的問題。

**背景**
賽普勒斯島上大約在公元前16世紀時，就有從希臘來的移民，在西元前709年到西元前525年被亞述、埃及和波斯人統治。西元前58年被羅馬統治了將近400年，西元395年屬於拜占庭帝國，1489年屬於威尼斯共和國，1571年被鄂圖曼帝國佔領，1878年被英國人統治，1925年成為英國殖民地。
1959年2月，英國、希臘和土耳其簽訂了《蘇黎世-倫敦協定》和《聯盟條約》，英國、希臘及土耳其三個國家保證了賽普勒斯的獨立地位。

**問題**
1960年8月16日，賽普勒斯共和國宣告成立。隨後希土兩族摩擦不斷。1974年，塞浦路斯戰士全國組織EOKA發動軍事政變，企圖將塞浦路斯併入希臘。兩族因為制憲問題爆發嚴重的流血衝突。土耳其同年隨後入侵武裝干涉。
1975年2月，土耳其族在土耳其政府的支持下在尼古西亞以北建立了北賽普勒斯土耳其共和國。
聯合國為瞭解決賽普勒斯問題，於2004年在賽普勒斯舉行統一公投，但並未通過此一公投的塞浦路斯安南計劃，其原因是賽普勒斯共和國的經濟狀況比北賽普勒斯好，人口也比北賽多，在國際間的活動空間範圍較大，北賽因經濟狀況問題希望與賽浦路斯解決政治僵局，但在國際上被孤立，而且人口較少，賽普勒斯共和國反對給予北賽普勒斯更多的權利，因此此一公投並未過關。
2017年7月7日聯合國介入賽普勒斯與北賽普勒斯談判失敗。
2018年10月16日聯合國預定26日將為賽普勒斯雙方領導人主持會談，兩方合併和談。但仍無具體成果。

**問題相關方**

**類似個案**
兩岸分治
*印巴分治
*以巴分治
*兩韓分治
*兩愛分治
*中國統一
*也門統一
*兩德統一
*越南統一
*兩韓統一

**參見**
塞浦路斯歷史
*土耳其歷史
*希臘歷史
*塞浦路斯王國- 伊茲密爾
*奧斯曼主義

**參考資料**

**參考文獻**
 賽普勒斯問題

**官方出版及文獻**
  The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus date=20081011045635 .-  Letter by the President of the Republic, Mr Tassos Papadopoulos, to the U.N. Secretary-General, Mr Kofi Annan, dated June 7, which circulated as an official document of the U.N. Security Council date=20080928053054 -  Legal Issues arising from certain population transfers and displacements on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the period since 20 July 1974 date=20080928053046 -  Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT) date=20080821165847 - The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office,  Aspects of the Cyprus Problem date=20190520042546 -  European Court of Human Rights Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (Application no. 25781/94) date=20070927215151 

**其它文獻**
  "Getting to Yes: Suggestions for the Embellishment of the Annan Plan for Cyprus (PDF)" Policy Paper, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, February 2004-  "Economic Aspects of the Annan Plan for the Solution of the Cyprus Problem (PDF)" Wolfson College, Oxford University, February 2004-  "Options for Peace: Mapping the Possibilities for a Comprehensive Settlement in Cyprus (PDF)" Alexandros Lordos, May 2005-  "From U Thant to Kofi Annan: UN Peacemaking in Cyprus, 1964–2004 (PDF)" James Ker-Lindsay, Occasional Paper 5/05, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, October 2005-  "EU and the Cyprus Conflict: Review of the Literature (PDF)" date=20090326232923  Olga Demetriou, Working Paper Series in EU Border Conflicts, Number 5, January 2004-  "The Property Regime in a Cyprus Settlement: A Reassessment of the Solution Proposed under the Annan Plan, Given the Performance of the Property Markets in Cyprus, 2003–2006 (PDF)" Stelios Platis, Stelios Orphanides and Fiona Mullen, PRIO Report 2/2006, PRIO Cyprus Centre, November 2006

**延伸閱讀**
  isbn = 0-8156-3196-0-  isbn = 0-906719-21-6-  isbn = 0-906719-23-2-  isbn = 978-0-230-24211-1-  isbn=0-906719-24-0- The European Parliament Policy Department External Policies (2008)  The Influence of Turkish Military Forces on Political Agenda-Setting in Turkey, Analysed on The Basis of the Cyprus Question date=20090829234554 -  isbn = 0-9514464-2-8-  isbn = 1-85043-665-7-  isbn = 1-85984-189-9-  isbn = 1-4039-9690-3-  isbn = 0-19-975715-1-  isbn = -  isbn =978-1-4610-8320-7-  isbn=1-85065-354-2-  isbn = 3-933925-20-7-  isbn = 0-88033-000-7-  isbn = 1-86064-737-5-  isbn = 1-84113-578-X-  isbn = 1-85043-428-X-  isbn = 975-6912-18-9-  isbn = 0-7146-4431-5-  isbn = 0-333-91271-3-  isbn = 0-7546-4310-7

**外部連結**
  Timeline – Cyprus (BBC) date=20170531111843 -  UN resolutions list on the Cyprus issue-  Recent U.N. document: The question of human rights in Cyprus-  Aspects of the Cyprus Problem from The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office date=20190520042546 -  A detailed Cyprus Problem site from The TFSC and Turkey date=20201010134231 -  Kissinger’s Secret Phone Calls Concerning Cyprus English translation of Eleftherotypia article-  EU task-force on the Turkish Cypriot community-  Cyprus and Turkey’s EU Process A Summary of the Problem from Turkish Perspective-  Lobby for Cyprus-  The Displaced Greek Communities of Cyprus-  Greek Cypriots begin removing Nicosia barrier date=20201031150226 -  Greek Cypriots tear down Nicosia's dividing wall date=20171017002043 
文件-  Echoes Across the Divide date=20070329004156  (2008) is an Australian documentary film about an attempt to bridge the Green Line (Cyprus) with a bicommunal music project performed from the rooftops of Old Nicosia.
category:賽普勒斯政治