法蘭克·奈特

法蘭克·海尼曼·奈特（Frank Hyneman Knight，catIdx=Knight, Frank Hyneman），生於美國伊利諾州麥克萊恩縣，經濟學家，曾提出奈特氏不確定性。芝加哥大學教授，為芝加哥學派的先驅與建立者之一。

**生平**
他在康乃爾大學取得經濟學博士學位。由博士論文，他發展出他的成名作《風險、不確定性與利潤》（Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit）。
取得學位後，他長期在芝加哥大學經濟系任教，被認為是芝加哥經濟學派的壂基者之一。其學生中，包括米爾頓·佛利民、喬治·斯蒂格勒、詹姆斯·麥基爾·布坎南等人皆是諾貝爾獎得主。羅納德·科斯雖然不是他的學生，但曾說過他的思想受到法蘭克·奈特作品的影響很大。
1950年，擔任美國經濟學會主席。

**著作**
 "The Concept of Normal Price in Value and Distribution", 1917, QJE.- "Cassel's Theoretische Sozialökonomie", 1921, JPE.- "Risk, Uncertainty, and Profit", 1921- "Ethics and the Economic Interpretation", 1922, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)- "The Ethics of Competition", 1923, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)- " Business Management: Science or Art? date=20200801195044 ", 1923 Journal of Business.- "Some Fallacies in the Interpretation of Social Cost", 1924, QJE (repr. in 1999, I)- "The Limitations of Scientific Method in Economics", 1924, in Tugwell, editor, Trend of Economics (repr. in 1999, I)- "Fact and Metaphysics in Economic Psychology", 1925, AER (repr. in 1999, I)- "A Note on Professor Clark's Illustration of Marginal Productivity", 1925, JPE.- "Economic Psychology and the Value Problem", 1925, QJE.- "Economics at its Best: Review of Pigou", 1926, AER.- "Historical and Theoretical Issues in the Problem of Modern Capitalism", 1928, Journal of Econ & Business History (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)- "A Suggestion for Simplifying the Statement of the General Theory of Price", 1928, JPE.- "Freedom as Fact and Criterion", 1929, Int J of Ethics- "Statics and Dynamics: Some queries regarding the mechanical analogy in economics", 1930, ZfN (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)- "Professor Fisher's Interest Theory: A case in point", 1931, JPE.- "Modern Economic Society Further Considered", 1932, JPE.- "The Newer Economics and the Control of Economic Activity", 1932, JPE (repr. in 1999, I)- The Economic Organization, 1933.- "Capitalistic Production, Time and the Rate of Return", 1933, in Essays in Honor of Gustav Cassel (repr. in 1999, I)- "The Nature of Economic Science in Some Recent Discussion", 1934, AER.- "Social Science and the Political Trend", 1934, Univ of Toronto Quarterly- "Common-Sense of Political Economy: Wicksteed Reprinted", 1934, JPE (repr. in 1956)- The Ethics of Competition and Other Essays, 1935.- "The Ricardian Theory of Production and Distribution", 1935, Canadian JE (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)- "A Comment on Machlup", 1935, JPE.- "Professor Hayek and the Theory of Investment", 1935, EJ.- "The Theory of Investment Once More: Mr. Boulding and the Austrians", 1935, QJE.- "Some Issues in the Economics of Stationary States", 1936, AER.- "The Place of Marginal Economics in a Collectivist System", 1936, AER.- "The Quantity of Capital and the Rate of Interest", 1936, JPE (repr. in 1999, I)- "Pragmatism and Social Action: Review of Dewey", 1936, Int J of Ethics- "Note on Dr. Lange's Interest Theory", 1937, RES.- "Unemployment: and Mr. Keynes's revolution in economic theory", 1937, Canadian JE (repr. in 1999, I)- "On the Theory of Capital: In reply to Mr. Kaldor", 1938, Econometrica.- "Bertrand Russell on Power", 1939, Ethics.- "The Ethics of Liberalism", 1939, Economica.- "Socialism: The Nature of the Problem", 1940, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)- "'What is Truth' in Economics", 1940, JPE (repr. in 1956 & 1999, I)- "The Significance and Basic Postulates of Economics: a rejoinder", 1941, JPE- "Religion and Ethics in Modern Civilization", 1941, J of Liberal Religion- "The Meaning of Democracy: its politico-economic structure and ideals", 1941, J of Negro Education- "Social Science", 1941, Ethics (repr. in 1956)- "The Business Cycle, Interest and Money: A methodological approach", 1941, REStat (repr. in 1956 & 1999, II)- "Professor Mises and the Theory of Capital", 1941, Economica.- "The Role of the Individual in the Economic World of the Future", 1941, JPE.-  "Anthropology and Economics" date=20200802152603 , 1941, JPE.- "Science, Philosophy and Social Procedure", 1942, Ethics- "Fact and Value in Social Science", 1942, in Anshen, editor, Science and Man- "Some Notes on the Economic Interpretation of History", 1942, Studies in the History of Culture (repr. in 1999, II)- "Social Causation", 1943, American Journal of Sociology (repr. in 1956)- "Diminishing Returns Under Investment", 1944, JPE.- "Realism and Relevance in the Theory of Demand", 1944, JPE (repr. in 1999, II)- "The Rights of Man and Natural Law", 1944, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)- "Human Nature and World Democracy", 1944, American J of Sociology.- "Economics, Political Science and Education", 1944, AER- The Economic Order and Religion, with T.W. Merriam, 1945.- "Immutable Law in Economics: Its reality and limitations", 1946, AER.- "The Sickness of Liberal Society", 1946, Ethics (repr. in 1999, II)- "Salvation by Science: The gospel according to Professor Lundberg", 1947, JPE (repr. in 1956)- Freedom and Reform: Essays in economics and social philosophy, 1947.- "Free Society: Its basic nature and problem", 1948, Philosophical Review (repr. in 1956)- "The Role of Principles in Economics and Politics", 1951, AER (repr. in 1956 & 1999, II)- "Institutionalism and Empiricism in Economics", 1952, AER.- On the History and Methods of Economics: Selected essays, 1956, 978-0-226-44689-9.- Intelligence and Democratic Action, 1960.- "Methodology in Economics", 1961, Southern EJ- "Abstract Economics as Absolute Ethics", 1966, Ethics.- "Laissez Faire: Pro and con", 1967, JPE (repr. in 1999, II)- "The Case for Communism: From the Standpoint of an Ex-liberal." (published posthumously) in Research in the History of Economic Thought and Methodology, edited by Warren J. Samuels, archival supplement 2 (1991): 57–108.- Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, Volume 1: "What is Truth" in Economics?, (ed. by Ross B. Emmett), 1999, 978-0-226-44695-0- Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, Volume 2: Laissez Faire: Pro and Con, (ed. by Ross B. Emmett), 1999, 978-0-226-44697-4

**延伸閱讀**
 Burgin, Angus (November 2009). "The Radical Conservatism of Frank H. Knight," Modern Intellectual History, 6:513–38.- Emmett, Ross B. (1999). "Introduction", in Selected Essays by Frank H. Knight, 2 vols., (ed. by Ross Emmett).- Emmett, Ross B. (2009). "Did the Chicago School Reject Frank Knight?", in Frank Knight and the Chicago School in American Economics, 978-0-415-77500-7.- cite web | last = Fonseca | first = Gonçalo L | title = Frank H. Knight, 1885–1972 | work = The History of Economic Thought Website | publisher = The New School for Social Research | url = http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/knight.htm | accessdate = 2008-05-07 | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20080429204107/http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/knight.htm | archivedate = 2008-04-29 - cite encyclopedia |last=Boyd |first=Robert |authorlink= |editor-first=Ronald |editor-last=Hamowy |editor-link=Ronald Hamowy |encyclopedia=The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |year=2008 |publisher=SAGE; Cato Institute |location=Thousand Oaks, CA |doi=10.4135/9781412965811.n164 |isbn=978-1412965804 |oclc=750831024 |lccn=2008009151 |pages=274–75 |quote= |ref= |chapter= |title=Knight, Frank H. (1885–1972) |access-date=2020-04-26 |archive-date=2019-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190723150834/https://books.google.com/books?id=yxNgXs3TkJYC |dead-url=no - Kasper, Sherryl (2002). The Revival of Laissez-Faire in American Macroeconomic Theory: A Case Study of Its Pioneers. ch. 2.- Stigler, G. (1985). "Frank Hyneman Knight", University of Chicago Press – Center for the Study of the Economy and the State, Working Papers Series, Working Paper No. 37.- White, Harrison C. (2002). Markets from Networks: Socioeconomic Models of Production, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.