約翰·伯頓·桑德森·霍爾丹

約翰·伯頓·桑德森·霍爾丹 FRS（John Burdon Sanderson Haldane，12月1日；通常被稱做J.B.S.霍爾丹、霍爾丹，在他的著作中有時也使用J.B.S.；姓或譯作荷頓）， 出生於大不列顛， 是一名遺傳學家和進化生物學家。霍爾丹是一名堅定的馬克思主義者， 由於對大不列顛政府對於蘇伊士運河危機的政策感到不滿，離開牛津大學去往印度併成為一名印度公民。霍爾丹同羅納德·費雪和休厄爾·賴特一起被認為是種群遺傳學的奠基人。
J.B.S.霍爾丹在1929年發表的一篇關於「生命起源」的文章中提出了「有機物可由無機物形成」的假說，而這個假說已於1924年由俄羅斯科學家亞歷山大·伊萬諾維奇·奧巴林提出。由於兩人是分別提出相同的假說，並不互相知情，因此後人稱此假說為「歐帕林—霍爾丹假說」。

**獲獎**
1952年, 霍爾丹獲得了英國皇家學會達爾文獎章。1956年，他獲得英國皇家人類學研究所授予赫胥黎（Huxley）紀念獎章。在其他的榮譽中，他還獲得了Feltrinelli 獎，科學名譽博士學位，新學院榮譽院士和美國科學院授予的 Kimber 獎。1958年，他被倫敦林奈學會授予達爾文-華萊士獎章。

**著作**
  (1924), E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., a paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge, on February 4, 1923
** second edition (1928), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.
** see also Haldane's Daedalus Revisited (1995), ed. with an introd. by Krishna R. Dronamraju, Foreword by Joshua Lederberg; with essays by M.F. Perutz, Freeman Dyson, Yaron Ezrahi, Ernst Mayr,Elof Axel Carlson, D.J. Weatherall, N.A. Mitchison and the editor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854846-X- , a series of papers beginning in 1924- G.E. Briggs and J.B.S. Haldane (1925). A note on the kinetics of enzyme action, Biochem. J., 19: 338–339
*Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare (1925), E. P. Dutton
*Possible Worlds and Other Essays (1928), Harper and Brothers. 1937 edition London: Chatto & Windus. 2001 edition Transaction Publishers:  ISBN 0-7658-0715-7 (includes )
*Animal Biology (1929) Oxford: Clarendon
*Enzymes (1930), MIT Press 1965 edition with new preface by the author written just prior to his death: ISBN 0-262-58003-9
*The Inequality of Man, and Other Essays (1932)
*The Causes of Evolution (1932)
*Science and Human Life (1933), Harper and Brothers, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-2161-5
*Science and the Supernatural: Correspondence with Arnold Lunn (1935), Sheed & Ward, Inc,
*Fact and Faith (1934), Watts Thinker's Library
*My Friend Mr Leakey (1937), Vigyan Prasar 2001 reprint: ISBN 81-7480-029-8
*Air Raid Precautions (A.R.P.) (1938), Victor Gollancz
*Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1939), Random House, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-1137-7
*Science and Everyday Life (1940), Macmillan, 1941 Penguin, Ayer Co. 1975 reprint: ISBN 0-405-06595-7
*Science in Peace and War (1941), Lawrence & Wishart Ltd
*New Paths in Genetics (1941), George Allen & Unwin
*Heredity & Politics (1943), George Allen & Unwin
*Why Professional Workers should be Communists (1945), London: Communist Party (of Great Britain) In this four page pamphlet, Haldane contends that Communism should appeal to professionals because Marxism is based on the scientific method and Communists hold scientists as important; Haldane subsequently disavowed this position
*Adventures of a Biologist (1947)
*Science Advances (1947), Macmillan
*What is Life? (1947), Boni and Gaer, 1949 edition: Lindsay Drummond
*Everything Has a History (1951), Allen & Unwin -- Includes "Auld Hornie, F.R.S."; C.S. Lewis's "Reply to Professor Haldane" is available in "On Stories and Other Essays on Literature," ed. Walter Hooper (1982), ISBN 0-15-602768-2.
*"The Origins of Life", New Biology, 16, 12–27 (1954). Suggests that an alternative biochemistry could be based on liquid ammonia.
*"Origin of Man", Nature, 176, 169 (1955)
*"Cancer's a Funny Thing", New Statesman, 21 February 1964

**參見**

**相關書目**

**參考文獻**

**外部鏈接**
  An online copy of Daedalus or Science and the Future date=20101218010416 -  A review (from a modern perspective) of The Causes of Evolution date=20101217225127 -  Unofficial SJG Archive – People – JBS Haldane (1892–1964) date=20210424101450  Accessed 22 February 2006. Useful text but the likeness is not of JBS but of his father John Scott Haldane.-  Haldane's contributions to science in India date=20070615001014 -  Marxist Writers: J.B.S. Haldane date=20210425172826 
There are photographs of Haldane at-  JBS Haldane date=20190626092408 , on the  Portraits of Statisticians date=20110408154452  page.
The  biography date=20210426070753  on the Marxist Writers page has a photograph of Haldane when younger.- My Friend Mr. Leakey – text – Haldane's most amusing imaginary acquaintance date=20210125172452