許蕾姆蘇丹

羅克塞拉娜（Roxelana，），土耳其語稱許蕾姆（Hürrem，意為“歡笑者”），阿拉伯語稱卡里瑪（كريمة，意為“尊貴者”），奧斯曼帝國蘇丹蘇萊曼一世的蘇丹-{後}-。
羅克塞拉娜原名已不可考，但在19世紀烏克蘭民間傳說中，她被稱為“安娜斯塔西婭”，波蘭傳說則稱其為“亞歷山德拉·利索斯卡”，在其他歐洲語言中通稱其為羅克塞拉娜，意為“來自羅塞尼亞的女郎”。
柔克塞拉娜出身於一個羅加京（當時屬於波蘭）附近的一個烏克蘭東正教家庭。在一次克里米亞汗國對當地的劫掠中被掠為奴，並被售往伊斯坦布爾，因為頗有幾分姿色，她被挑選進入蘇丹的後宮。很快她就獲得了蘇萊曼一世的寵愛。在一次後宮的爭寵過程中，柔克塞拉娜被蘇丹寵妃居爾巴哈爾蘇丹毆打，盛怒之下的蘇萊曼一世立即將居爾巴哈爾蘇丹，連同她的愛子穆斯塔法皇子（當時的王儲）一同流放，後又將穆斯塔法處死。
柔克塞拉娜為蘇萊曼生了6個孩子，其後更是令人吃驚地成為他的正室。在其影響下，終其一生奧斯曼帝國和其祖國波蘭都保持了和平。蘇萊曼一世逝世後，柔克塞拉娜的兒子塞利姆二世繼承了蘇丹寶座。
柔克塞拉娜在伊斯坦布爾、耶路撒冷和麥加等地修建了大量的公共建築，著名的有許蕾姆蘇丹公共浴場等。
柔克塞拉娜傳奇的一生成為許多藝術作品的題材，其中有名的有約瑟夫·海頓的63號交響曲等；在近世將近200年的時間裡，她是成為烏克蘭和土耳其許多小說和電視劇的女主角，不過她的一生和成就相對其原生存時代來說僅屬於例外。

**圖集**
File:Haseki Huerrem Sultan Roxelane.jpg|18世紀的由一位威尼斯畫家所繪製的許蕾姆蘇丹肖像
File:Sultan Roxelana.jpg|由雕刻家Johann Theodor de Br製作的許蕾姆版畫,1596年
File:Rossa, Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent.jpg|16世紀繪製於木板上的許蕾姆蘇丹油畫
File:Roksolana.jpg|許蕾姆蘇丹，16世紀
File:Roxelana.jpg|柔克塞拉娜，18至19世紀
File:Stamp of Ukraine s148.jpg|在1997年烏克蘭發行的柔克塞拉娜郵票

**註釋**

**延伸閱讀**
Leslie Peirce.  Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire.  New York  Basic Books, 2017.  978-0-465-03251-8.
*There are many historical novels in English about Roxelana: P.J. Parker's Roxelana and Suleyman  (2012; Revised 2016); Barbara Chase Riboud's Valide (1986); Alum Bati's Harem Secrets (2008); Colin Falconer, Aileen Crawley (1981–83), and Louis Gardel (2003); Pawn in Frankincense, the fourth book of the Lymond Chronicles by Dorothy Dunnett; and pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard in The Shadow of the Vulture imagined Roxelana to be sister to its fiery-tempered female protagonist, Red Sonya.
*David Chataignier, "Roxelane on the French Tragic Stage (1561-1681)" in Fortune and Fatality: Performing the Tragic in Early Modern France, ed. Desmond Hosford and Charles Wrightington (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008), 95-117.
*Thomas M. Prymak, "Roxolana: Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent," Nashe zhyttia/Our Life, LII, 10 (New York, 1995), 15–20. An illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography.
*Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, "Roksolana," Polski Slownik Biograficzny, vo. XXXI (Wroclaw-etc., 1988–89), 543–5. A well-informed article in Polish by a distinguished Polish Turkologist.
*Galina Yermolenko, "Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse of the East," The Muslim World, 95, 2 (2005), 231–48. Makes good use of European, especially Italian, sources and is familiar with the literature in Ukrainian and Polish.
*Galina Yermolenko (ed.), Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture (Farmham, UK: Ashgate, 2010). 318 pp. Illustrated. Contains important articles by Oleksander Halenko and others, as well as several translations of works about Roxelana from various European literatures, and an extensive bibliography.
*For Ukrainian language novels, see Osyp Nazaruk (1930) (English translation is available), Mykola Lazorsky (1965), Serhii Plachynda (1968), and Pavlo Zahrebelnyi (1980).
*There have been novels written in other languages: in French, a fictionalized biography by Willy Sperco (1972); in German, a novel by Johannes Tralow (1944, reprinted many times); a very detailed novel in Serbo-Croatian by Radovan Samardzic (1987); one in Turkish by Ulku Cahit (2001).

**外部鏈接**
 University of Calgary | Roxelana- Roxelana's tomb