客體導向本體論

客體導向本體論，或物導向本體論（Object-Oriented Ontology，OOO）是一種受海德格爾影響的形而上學理論。它拒絕將人類的存在置於非人類物體的存在之上p=2。 這與傳統後康德哲學對“談論世界時不談論人，談論人時不談論世界”的駁斥形成了對比p=2。客體導向本體論認為，客體（作為康德意義上的本體）獨立於人類感知而存在，且它不等同於被它與人類和其他對象的關係之總和p=16。 客體導向本體論認為，所有關係，包括非人類之間的關係，都以與人類意識相同的方式改變處在關係中的客體，而關係中的客體在本體論的上都是平等的p=1。 
客體導向本體論常被視為思辨實在論的一個分支。思辨實在論是一個當代思想流派，它批評後康德主義將所有哲學探究都視為為思想與存在之間的聯繫，進而而拒絕承認聯繫之外的任何事物的可知性2011。然而，客體導向本體論早於思辨實在論被提出，且並非所有思辨實在論者都同意這它對客體關係的性質和平等性提出的主張。 “客體導向哲學”這一術語由該運動的創始人Graham Harman在其 1999年的博士論文《用具存在：客體理論的要素》中首次提出。 2009 年，Levi Bryant將其重新表述為“面向對象的本體論”。

**參考文獻**

**延伸閱讀**
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