阿芙拉·貝恩

阿芙拉·貝恩畫像（繪於約1670年）
阿芙拉·貝恩（Aphra Behn，），英國復闢時期的女性劇作家、詩人、散文作家和翻譯家。她是英國首批以寫作謀生的女性之一，打破了文化障礙，成為後世女作家的文學榜樣。她從默默無聞中崛起，引起了英王查理二世的注意，並派她到安特衛普當間諜。返回倫敦後，因債務問題短暫被關進監獄，在那裡她開始為舞臺寫作。
她最著名的作品是《奧魯諾可：皇家奴隸》（時被描述為一部早期小說）和戲劇《流浪者》。

**參考**

**伸延閱讀**
 Todd, Janet. The Works of Aphra Behn. 7 vols. Ohio State University Press, 1992–1996. (Currently most up-to-date edition of her collected works)- O'Donnell, Mary Ann. Aphra Behn: An Annotated Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources. 2nd Edition. Ashgate, 2004.- Spencer, Jane.  Aphra Behn's Afterlife. Oxford University Press. 2000.-  Aphra Behn Online: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830 date=20210629220434 . e-journal sponsored by the Aphra Behn Society and the University of South Florida. 2011–- Hobby, Elaine. Virtue of necessity: English women's writing 1649–88. University of Michigan 1989.- Lewcock, Dawn. Aphra Behn studies: More for seeing than hearing: Behn and the use of theatre. Ed. Todd, Janet. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1996.- Brockhaus, Cathrin, Aphra Behn und ihre Londoner Komödien: Die Dramatikerin und ihr Werk im England des ausgehenden 17. Jahrhunderts, 1998.-  isbn = 978-1571131652 - cite book | last = Owens | first = W. R. | title = Shakespeare, Aphra Behn, and the canon | publisher = Routledge in association with the Open University | location = New York | year = 1996 | isbn = 978-0415135757 | title-link = Shakespeare, Aphra Behn, and the Canon - volume=3- volume=4- Gainor, J. Ellen, Stanton B. Garner, Jr., and Martin Puchner. The Norton Anthology of Drama. 978-0393921519
*Altaba-Artal, Dolors. Aphra Behn's English Feminism: Wit and Satire, Susquehanna University Press, Selinsgrove, PA, 1999.
*Hughes, Derek. The Cambridge Companion to Aphra Behn. Cambridge University Press. 2004.
*Copeland, N. E. (2004). Staging gender in behn and centlivre: Women's comedy and the theatre. Ashgate
*Wallace, David S. "The White Female as Effigy and the Black Female as Surrogate in Janet. Schaw's Journal of a Lady of Quality and Jane Austen's Mansfield Park." Studies in the Literary Imagination, vol. 47, no. 2, 2014, pp. 117.
*Trofimova, Violetta. "First Encounters of Europeans and Africans with Native Americans in Aphra Behn's Oroonoko: White Woman, Black Prince and Noble Savages." SEDERI. Sociedad Española De Estudios Renacentistas Ingleses, vol. 28, no. 28, 2018, pp. 119–128
*Holmesland, Oddvar. Utopian Negotiation: Aphra Behn & Margaret Cavendish, 2013. Print.
*Marshall, Alan. "Memorialls for Mrs Affora": Aphra Behn and the Restoration Intelligence World." Women's Writing : The Elizabethan to Victorian Period, vol. 22, no. 1, 2015, pp. 13–33.
*Dominique, Lyndon J. Imoinda's Shade: Marriage and the African Woman in Eighteenth-Century British Literature, 1759–1808. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2012. Print.
*Benítez-Rojo, Antonio. "The Caribbean: From a Sea Basin to an Atlantic Network." The Southern Quarterly, vol. 55, no. 4, 2018, pp. 196–206.
*Alexander, William. The history of women, from the earliest antiquity, to the present time; giving some account of almost every interesting particular concerning that sex, among all nations, ancient and modern. By William Alexander, M.D. In two volumes. ... Vol. 2, printed by J.A. Husband, for Messrs. S. Price, R. Cross, J. Potts, L. Flin, T. Walker, W. Wilson, C. Jenkin, J. Exshaw, J. Beatty, L. White, M, DCC, LXXIX. 1779. Eighteenth Century Collections Online, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CW0101002305/ECCO?u=maine_orono&sid=bookmark-ECCO&xid=b35feb3c&pg=1. Accessed 20 September 2021.
*Krueger, Misty, Diana Epelbaum, Shelby Johnson, Grace Gomashie, Pam Perkins, Ula L. Klein, Jennifer Golightly, Alexis McQuigge, Octavia Cox, and Victoria Barnett-Woods. Transatlantic Women Travelers, 1688–1843, 2021. Internet resource.
*Waller, Gary F. The Female Baroque in Early Modern English Literary Culture: From Mary Sidney to Aphra Behn, 2020. Internet resource.

**外部連結**
  Aphra Behn Online: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830 date=20210629220434 -  name=Aphra Behn- sname=Aphra Behn- id=1770-  Aphra Behn profile at the BBC date=20240705230922 -  Profile at Encyclopædia Britannica date=20150510045046 -  Profile at the Poetry Foundation date=20160403040133 -  Aphra Behn's Grave, Westminster Abbey date=20190522014205 -  University of Adelaide biography and etexts  (a source for the list of works)-  The Aphra Behn Society date=20241221172809 -  The Aphra Behn Page date=20240619113815 -  ABO: Interactive Journal for Women in the Arts, 1640–1830 date=20210629220434  2157-7129-  Project Continua: Biography of Aphra Behn date=20241130111146  Project Continua is a web-based multimedia resource dedicated to the creation and preservation of women's intellectual history from the earliest surviving evidence into the 21st Century.