綠黨 (巴西)

綠黨（Partido Verde，縮寫為PV）是巴西的一個政黨。該黨成立於巴西軍人獨裁統治時期，與各地綠黨一樣，致力於制定一套確保社會公平和可持續發展的政黨。
然而，該黨認為其政治立場超出了「左派和右派」的範圍，黨員認為這種立場不合時宜且不現實。

**Platform**
Among the main items on PV's 政治議程 are 聯邦主義, 環境保護主義, 人權, a form of 直接民主, 議會制, 社會福利, 公民自由, 和平主義 and 大麻的合法性 under specific conditions.
The party, however, argues to be in a position on the political spectrum that supposedly goes beyond the issue "左派和右派", considered by its members to be anachronistic and unrealistic. Many critics also believe that the party broke the limit not to be a small party set in the context of the "legends of rent" (used by political parties only to be elected). This image is rejected by one of the theoreticians of the party, Tibor Rabóczkay, in the book Rethinking the Brazilian Green Party, with the argument that the going round and round between legends is so common in the big parties, as in the small ones.
The author, however, acknowledges that in the effort to achieve the 5% barrier imposed by the barrier clause ("law of exclusion policy" in the words of Rabóczkay), the Green Party has opened its doors to politicians who are not concerned with ecological issues and consequently, tend to be amorphous benches from the green.

**History**
The Green Party was established in January 1986. It was founded by environmentalists and other activists from social movements, taking as their most expressive leaders , who soon returned to the 勞工黨 (巴西), Fernando Gabeira, , Domingos Fernandes, Jose Luiz de France Penna and Mr .
At the last 立法機關 巴西選舉, 3 October 2010, the party won 15 out of 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and no out of 81 seats in the Senate.
After Lula's election as president of 巴西 in 2002, the Green Party was assigned the , to which pop singer  was appointed.
In the 2010 presidential election, the Green Party candidate  gained 19.3% of the vote, thus contributing to 迪爾瑪·羅塞夫's failure to gain 50% of the votes, making a run-off election necessary.
In the 2014 presidential election PV candidated Eduardo Jorge, who obtained 0,61% of votes, and elected 6 Deputies and 1 senator. The party voted in favour of the . The party later went to support president Michel Temer.
In May 2016 PV withdrew its support to Temer and went into 中立議員.
For the 2018年巴西大選 the party formed with  the coalition United to transform Brazil, in support of the candidacy of .
In 2022, the party formed with the Workers Party and the 巴西共產黨 to form the federation 巴西希望 in preparation of the 2022年巴西大選. Also in 2022, in the upcoming presidential elections, the party supported the pre-candidacy of 路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達席爾瓦 to form the coalition .

**Green Party in São Paulo**
The party is divided in the state in 21 river basins, where the capital are 4 basins – The Watershed are the regional governments of PV in the 聖保羅州. They are bringing together the municipal executive of the party. The state chairman of the party, provisionally, is Belizário Marcos and the chairman of the municipal capital is Galeão Carlos Camacho.

**Representation in government**
The party is not a major political force in the country, unlike some of its similar Europeans (such as 聯盟90/綠黨 in Germany). For a long time its sole representative in Congress was the National Deputy Federal Fernando Gabeira, elected by 裡約熱內盧州 (1995–1998, 1999–2002; after brief period in 勞工黨 (巴西), Gabeira returned to PV in 2005). During twenty-eight months, beginning in 2003, the party formed the basis of support for Lula's government, breaking up in the second half of May 2005, after stating general dissatisfaction with the environmental policies of the government. , the former Minister of Culture in Lula's government is nonetheless a member of the party, and President of National PV is the Potiguar Jose Luiz de France Penna, which succeeded the former councillor Rio Alfredo Sirkis, a former Municipal Secretary of Environment and Municipal Secretary of Urbanism of Rio de Janeiro (also former candidate for President of the Republic by PV in 1998), in different administrations of Cesar Maia.
Another ticket highlight is deputy Zequinha Sarney, of Maranhao, former Minister of the Environment in the government Fernando Henrique Cardoso. The party also differs from similar Europeans in low turnover in partisan positions and accumulation of power in the hands of relatively few people.
In the meantime, it is equal to the other Brazilian political associations.
After the aggregation of votes, on 3 October 2006, the Green Party reached 3.6% of valid votes, with 3,368,560 valid votes.
In 2007, the National Convention was held in Brasília – DF, marked by legal challenges and complaints about the misuse of the Fund Partidário. Justice has come to stop the vote, guaranteed by point. Some critics of the administration of Penna in national PV were threatened with expulsion or expelled, as Paulo Moraes and Francis of Assisi (ex-pres. The PV / RJ). Complaints pass and the TSE evaluates suspend the fund of the party in 2008. Mr. Gabeira also speaks about reviewing the program's subtitle, which has since been widely criticised in the media.

**大選**

**總統大選**
} (PV)
Maurício Lobo Abreu (PV)
None
125,842
0.18 (#18)
-
-
Lost 
1994年巴西總統大選
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT)
(PT)
PT; 巴西社會黨; 巴西共產黨; 公民權 (政黨); PV; 統一工人社會黨 (巴西)
17,122,127
27.04% (#2)
-
-
Lost 
1998年巴西總統大選
(PV)
Carla Piranda Rabello (PV)
None
212,866
0.30 (#6)
-
-
Lost 
2002年巴西總統大選
None
None
None
-
-
-
-
-
2006年巴西總統大選
None
None
None
-
-
-
-
-
2010年巴西總統大選
(PV)
(PV)
None
19,636,359
19.3 (#3)
-
-
Lost 
2014年巴西大選
(PV)
Célia Sacramento (PV)
None
630,099
0.61 (#6)
-
-
Lost 
2018年巴西大選
()
(PV)
 PV
1,069,578
1.00 (#8)
-
-
Lost 
2022年巴西大選
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT)
傑拉爾多·阿爾克明 (巴西社會黨)
PT; 巴西共產黨; PV; 社會主義和自由黨 (巴西); ; 巴西社會黨; ; Avante; 基督教工黨; 
57,259,504 
48.43% (#1) 
60,345,999
50.90%
Won 
Source:  Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup date=20170423065149 

**立法選舉**
}, PSTU and .}}
0.34%
New
Opposition
1998年巴西大選
292,691
0.44%
1
163,425
0.26%
New
Extra-parliamentary
2002年巴西大選
1,179,374
1.35%
5
962,719
0.63%
0
Coalition
2006年巴西大選
3,368,561
3.61%
8
1,425,765
1.69%
0
Coalition
2020年巴西大選
3,710,366
3.84%
2
5,047,797
2.96%
0
Independent
2014年巴西大選
2,004,464
2.06%
7
723,576
0.81%
1
Independent
2018年巴西大選
1,592,173
1.62%
4
1,226,392
0.72%
1
Opposition
2022年巴西大選
15,354,125efn|Votes obtained as part of 巴西希望 coalition.
13.93%
2
475,597
0.47%
0
Coalition
Sources:  Election Resources date=20170423065254 ,  Dados Eleitorais do Brasil (1982–2006)

**參考**

**外部連結==