操演性

操演性（Performativity），或譯作表演性、展演性、述行性，是指語言作為社會行為形式發揮作用、產生效果的術語。 操演性，在人類學、社會地理學、文化地理學、經濟學、性別研究、法學、語言學、戲劇理論、表演研究、歷史、管理學和哲學等不同領域有多種應用與定義。
術語，來自語言哲學家約翰·奧斯丁的言語行為理論。奧斯丁提到了一種特別的能力：通過言語和交流，來採取行動，或達成某項行動。奧斯丁將其與陳述敘說（constative utterance）區分開來，稱為操演敘說（performative utterance）。奧斯丁定義陳述敘說為可以“評估為真或假”的語句。而操演敘說name=註的常見例子，有：承諾、打賭、舉行婚禮、示威者宣佈罷工、或法官宣佈裁決。 
受奧斯汀影響，性別研究哲學家朱迪思·巴特勒認為，性別是通過日常的言語行為和非語言行為在社會上構建的，有助於定義和維持身份。 這種性別操演性的觀點顛覆了身份是言語、手勢等次生行為的原因。相反，性別操演性將行動、行為和手勢也視為是形成個人身份的原因，而不只是結果，而個人身份在不斷通過言語行為和象徵性交流中得到重新定義。 巴特勒的此觀點也受到了傅柯、阿圖塞等哲學家的影響。

**參考**

**註**

**註腳**

**延伸閱讀**
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