聯合國安全理事會主席國

聯合國安全理事會主席國負責領導聯合國安全理事會工作，安理會15個成員國輪流擔任。主席國代表團團長稱為聯合國安理會主席。自1946年成立以來，主席國每月輪換一次，負責協調安理會行動，決定政策爭端，有時還充當外交官或衝突方之間的中間人。

**Role**
The 聯合國安全理事會 chamber in 紐約
The presidency derives responsibility from the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council as well as the council's practice.p=231 The role of the president involves calling the meetings of the Security Council, approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the 聯合國秘書長), presiding at its meetings, deciding questions relating to policyp=120 and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The president is also responsible for reading statements of the Security Council to the press. The holder of the presidency is considered to be the 'face' and spokesperson of the 聯合國安全理事會.pp=119, 124 The holder of the presidency may appeal to parties in a conflict to "exercise restraint".p=233
The president represents the Security Council before other United Nations organs and member states. They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order.p=232 Particularly after the end of the 冷戰, the president has worked to coordinate the UNSC with other organs.pp=111 The president has authority to rule upon 秩序問題, which can be put to a vote if a member of the council challenges it.p=233 They also name members of various subsidiary organs, and are generally responsible for maintaining order.p=234 Since November 2000, the president has generally prepared background papers for on the topic being discussed.p=119
The president also continues to represent their state. If their nation is involved in a conflict the UNSC is discussing, they are expected to temporarily step down.p=234 Conversely, because the presidency rotates monthly, all nations on the UNSC can evenly emphasize issues important to them.p=112 Most non-permanent states hold the presidency once or twice during their two-year terms; 布吉納法索 changed its name from 上伏塔 in August 1984 during its term, and held it three times.p=114 The president often makes a distinction between when they are speaking as the president and as the representative of their state.p=11
, an academic, writes that:

**Identity**
The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state to the security council is usually the president of the council,p=232 but the presidency is technically given to a state and not a person.p=112 For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council, 美國副總統 阿爾·戈爾 headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the president of the Security Council during this time. Heads of state have met six times at the UNSC. All members of the council, including the president, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the 聯合國秘書長, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.

**Origins**
The 聯合國憲章 mentions the presidency once,p=6 stating that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its president" in Article 30. At its first meeting on 17 January 1946, the UNSC adopted provisional rule 18 and established the following method of selecting the president: the presidency rotates monthly among the fifteen (1946: eleven) members of the Security Council. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official names in English. As such, Australia was the first nation to hold the presidency.pp=6–7p=232 Such rotation makes the presidency unique among all United Nations organs.p=112 Terms began and ended on the 17 of every month until a suggestion by Australia in December 1946 to change led to the term being extended so the presidency would rotate on the first of every month. The president is the only non-elected head of a 聯合國系統.pp=6–7

**Function**
In 1981, Sydney D. Bailey, an observer of the United Nations, divided the history of the UNSC into three eras; from 1946 to 1955, 1956–1965, and 1966 to 1981. In the first, presidents often acted on their own initiative without consulting the security council. During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to 達格·哈馬舍爾德". From 1966 to 1981, the president began informally discussing matters before holding formal sessions and generally becoming more efficient.pp=38–39, 41

**Early function**
德米特里·曼努伊爾斯基
In 1947 and 1948, the UNSC was involved in the 以色列獨立宣言 and the ensuing 第一次中東戰爭. In July 1948, the 烏克蘭蘇維埃社會主義共和國 held the presidency. The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace. The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.pp=237–243
德米特里·曼努伊爾斯基, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'. However, the UNSC had not formally recognized the state. Various member-states criticized his action, and only the United States supported it. In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter. Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government."pp=237–243
In 1948, the president informally engaged in diplomacy several times, the first in January 1948, when the Belgian president requested that India and Pakistan "refrain from any step incompatible with the Charter and liable to result in an aggravation of the situation’'. In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace. Later that year, the Argentinian president established a 'Technical Committee on Berlin Currency and Trade'.p=121-122 In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".pp=
The president has also formally negotiated on behalf of the UNSC several times. In February 1957, upon the request of the UNSC, then-president Gunnar Jarring of Sweden prepared a report on 印度–巴基斯坦關係. He consulted with both nations and discussed many potential solutions to their disagreements, none of which were agreed upon. Such actions have generally not been requested since the 1970s. The president will also manage less formal negotiations upon request of the council.p=121-122

**Later function**
T. F. Tsiang held the presidency 16 times.
In a 31 March 1976 meeting discussing South African aggression against 安哥拉, the meeting continued past midnight and it was technically 1 April. Thomas S. Boya, the representative of 貝寧 and president for March, offered to pass the presidency on to China. Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed. A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.p=113
In September 1994, during the 盧旺達種族滅絕, 盧旺達 was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July. On 25 August, the Council decided to allow Spain to hold the position for September. A Rwandan delegation was again present on 16 September, and it was decided that the nation would hold the presidency in December.p=114 The presidency has been ceded several times. The first was from 10 to 12 January 1950, when the representative of 中華民國 ceded to Cuba. The United States ceded in 1948, China in 1950, India in 1951, Lebanon in 1956, and the United Kingdom in 1968. On 10 November 1993 the representative of 佛得角, José Luís Jesus, ceded to China as he was a candidate for election to the 國際法院; and on 15 December 1994 the Rwandan representative ceded to Argentina. Both the United States and 蘇聯 refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the 冷戰 and USSR during the 剛果危機.p=115-116
Taieb Slim, the 突尼西亞n holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked 伊朗 and 伊拉克 to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means.p=233 The presidency was reformed in a 2010 note revised its function, largely focusing on increasing transparency. Efforts at such reform had begun in the 1990s.p=124-125 There have been various other efforts to reform the position, such as allowing terms to be extended during times of war.p=7
Numerous people have served multiple times as president. The most times anyone has held the position is sixteen, by 蔣廷黻, a representative of the Republic of China; the second-most was held by 雅科夫·馬利克, a representative of the USSR, ten.p=28

**歷任主席**

**1946–1949**
安理會主席（1946–1949年）：

**1950–1954**
安理會主席（1950–1954）:

**1955–1959**
安理會主席（1955–1959年）：

**1960–1964**
安理會主席（1960–1964:

**1965–1969**
安理會主席（1965–1969年）：

**1970–1974**
安理會主席（1970–1974:

**1975–1979**
安理會主席（1975–1979年）：

**1980–1984**
安理會主席（1980–1984:

**1985–1989**
安理會主席（1985–1989年）：

**1990–1994**
安理會主席（1990–1994）:

**1995–1999**
安理會主席（1995–1999年）：

**2000–2004**
Presidents from 2000–2004:

**2005–2009**
}
十一月 
2006
Jorge Voto-Bernales
十二月 
2006
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser and Mutlaq Majed al-Qahtani
一月 
2007
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
二月 
2007
Peter Burian
三月 
2007
Dumisani Kumalo
四月 
2007
Emyr Jones Parry and Karen Pierce
五月 
2007
扎勒米·哈利勒扎德 and Alejandro Daniel Wolff
六月 
2007
Johan C. Verbeke
七月 
2007
王光亞
八月 
2007
Pascal Gayama
九月 
2007
Jean-Maurice Ripert and 貝爾納·庫什內
十月 
2007
Leslie K. Christian
十一月 
2007
Marty Natalegawa
十二月 
2007
Marcello Spatafora
一月 
2008
1977
Giadalla Ettalhi
二月 
2008
Ricardo Alberto Arias
三月 
2008
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
四月 
2008
Dumisani Kumalo
五月 
2008
name=聯合王國
凱倫·皮爾斯
六月 
2008
扎勒米·哈利勒扎德 and Alejandro Daniel Wolff
七月 
2008
黎良明
八月 
2008
Jan Grauls
九月 
2008
米歇爾·卡凡多, 布萊斯·孔波雷date=November 2012 and Alain Bédouma Yoda
十月 
2008
張業遂和劉振民
十一月 
2008
Jorge Urbina, 奧斯卡·阿里亞斯·桑切斯, Saúl Weisleder, and Jorge Ballestero
十二月 
2008
Neven Jurica, 斯捷潘·梅西奇, and 伊沃·薩納德
一月 
2009
Jean-Maurice Ripert, 貝爾納·庫什內, and Jean-Pierre Lacroix
二月 
2009
三月 
2009
1977
Ibrahim Dabbashi and 阿布杜爾·拉赫曼·夏格漢
四月 
2009
Claude Heller and Patricia Espinosa
五月 
2009
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金和謝爾蓋·維克托羅維奇·拉夫羅夫
六月 
2009
Baki İlkin and 艾哈邁德·達武特奧盧
七月 
2009
Ruhakana Rugunda and 薩姆·庫泰薩
八月 
2009
name=聯合王國
約翰·索爾斯
九月 
2009
蘇珊·賴斯, 貝拉克·奧巴馬, Rosemary DiCarlo, and 希拉里·克林頓
十月 
2009
黎良明
十一月 
2009
Thomas Mayr-Harting
十二月 
2009
米歇爾·卡凡多

**2010–2014**
}
五月 
2010
納瓦夫·薩拉姆
六月 
2010
Claude Heller
七月 
2010
Joy Ogwu
八月 
2010
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
九月 
2010
Ertuğrul Apakan, 阿卜杜拉·居爾和艾哈邁德·達武特奧盧
十月 
2010
Ruhakana Rugunda
十一月 
2010
name=聯合王國
Mark Lyall Grant
十二月 
2010
蘇珊·賴斯和Brooke D. Anderson
一月 
2011
Ivan Barbalić
二月 
2011
Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti
三月 
2011
李保東
四月 
2011
胡安·曼努埃爾·桑托斯 and Néstor Osorio Londoño
五月 
2011
Gérard Araud
六月 
2011
阿里·邦戈·翁丁巴、Alfred Moungara Moussotsi和埃馬紐埃爾·伊索澤-恩貢戴date=November 2012
七月 
2011
Peter Wittig和基多·威斯特威勒
八月 
2011
Hardeep Singh Puri
九月 
2011
納瓦夫·薩拉姆、米歇爾·蘇萊曼和納吉布·米卡提date=September 2011
十月 
2011
Joy Ogwu
十一月 
2011
José Filipe Moraes Cabral
十二月 
2011
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
一月 
2012 
Baso Sangqu
二月 
2012 
Kodjo Menan
三月 
2012
name=聯合王國
Mark Lyall Grant
四月 
2012
蘇珊·賴斯
五月 
2012
Agshin Mehdiyev and 伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫
六月 
2012
李保東和王民
七月 
2012
Néstor Osorio Londoño
八月 
2012
Gérard Araud
九月 
2012
Peter Wittig
十月 
2012
Gert Rosenthal and Harold Caballeros 
十一月 
2012
Hardeep Singh Puri
十二月 
2012
Mohammed Loulichki and 薩阿德丁·奧斯曼尼
一月 
2013 
馬蘇德·汗 and 希娜·拉巴尼·哈爾
二月 
2013 
和金星煥
三月 
2013
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
四月 
2013
Eugène-Richard Gasana and 路易絲·穆希基瓦博
五月 
2013
Kodjo Menan
六月 
2013
name=聯合王國
Mark Lyall Grant
七月 
2013
Rosemary DiCarlo
八月 
2013
María Perceval and Agustín Rossi
九月 
2013
Gary Quinlan and 朱莉·畢曉普
十月 
2013
Agshin Mehdiyev and 埃爾馬爾·馬梅季亞羅夫
十一月 
2013
劉結一
十二月 
2013
Gérard Araud and Alexis Lamek
一月 
2014
Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein
二月 
2014
Raimonda Murmokaitė and Linas Antanas Linkevičius
三月 
2014
Sylvie Lucas
四月 
2014
Joy Ogwu
五月 
2014
Republic of Korea
吳俊
六月 
2014
name=俄羅斯聯邦
維塔利·丘爾金
七月 
2014
Eugène-Richard Gasana
八月 
2014
name=聯合王國
Mark Lyall Grant
九月 
2014
薩曼莎·鮑爾
十月 
2014
María Cristina Perceval
十一月 
2014
Gary Quinlan
十二月 
2014
Mahamat Zene Cherif

**2015–2019**

**2020–2024**
}、馬塞洛·埃布拉德和安德列斯·曼努埃爾·洛佩斯·奧夫拉多爾
十二月 
2021
Abdou Abarry
一月 
2022
Mona Juul and Anniken Huitfeldt
二月 
2022
name=俄羅斯聯邦
瓦西里·涅邊賈
三月 
2022
Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
四月 
2022
name=聯合王國
吳百納
五月 
2022
琳達·托馬斯-格林菲爾德
六月 
2022
Ferit Hoxha, Olta Xhaçka and 埃迪·拉馬
七月 
2022
Ronaldo Costa Filho
八月 
2022
張軍
九月 
2022

尼古拉·德里維埃和卡特琳·科隆納
十月 
2022
Michel Xavier Biang and Michael Moussa-Adamo
十一月 
2022
Harold Adlai Agyeman
十二月 
2022
Ruchira Kamboj
一月 
2023
石兼公博
二月 
2023
Vanessa Frazier
三月 
2023
Pedro Comissário Afonso
四月 
2023
name=俄羅斯聯邦
瓦西里·涅邊賈
五月 
2023
Pascale Baeriswyl
六月 
2023
Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
七月 
2023
name=聯合王國
吳百納
八月 
2023
琳達·托馬斯-格林菲爾德
九月 
2023
Ferit Hoxha和埃迪·拉馬
十月 
2023
Sérgio França Danese
十一月 
2023
張軍
十二月 
2023
José de la Gasca
一月 
2024
尼古拉·德里維埃
二月
2024
Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett
三月
2024
Yamazaki Kazuyuki
四月
2024
Vanessa Frazier
五月
2024
Pedro Comissário Afonso
六月
2024
KOR
Hwang Joon-kook
七月
2024
Russia
瓦西里·涅邊賈
八月
2024
Michael Imran Kanu
九月
2024
Boštjan Malovrh
十月
2024
Pascale Baeriswyl
十一月
2024
name=聯合王國
吳百納
十二月
2024
琳達·湯瑪斯-格林菲爾德

**2025–2029**

**參見**
 聯合國安理會14號決議- 聯合國大會主席- President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

**註**

**參考**

**參考書目**
isbn=0-19-828073-4
*publisher=F.A. Praeger
*isbn=0-415-35531-1- ref=none
**chapter=The Security Council
**chapter=The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council
**chapter=The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council
**Cite book|last=Bishara|first=Abdalla|title=The Scope of Consensus|url=https://archive.org/details/pathstopeaceunse0000unse|publisher=Pergamon Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-08-026322-9|editor-last=Nicol|editor-first=Davidson|pages= 67–73|chapter=The Vietnam-China-Kampuchea Cambodia Conflict, 1979- issn=0020-5893- oclc=1013608149

**外部鏈接**
 UN Security Council Presidency 官方網站 date=20181207110928 - Presidents of the Security Council in ... date=20130316102526 , United Nations Documentation, un.org