漁業管理

漁業管理（fisheries management）也稱漁政，是對野生漁場、自然水體和水庫等可被漁業使用的水域生態系統的自然資源管理，目標是從可再生水生資源中產生可持續性的生物、社會及經濟效益。水產品屬於可再生資源，因為被捕撈的生物（例如魚類、蝦類、蟹類、蛸類、貝類、爬行動物、兩棲動物及海洋哺乳動物）一般每年的生物盈餘都有所過剩，通過合適的管理方法，能夠在不影響未來生產力的情況下捕撈這些生物。
漁業管理採用保護漁業資源的方法，利用漁業科學及預防原則，以促成可持續漁業。現代漁業管理通常屬於政府體系，基於既定目標的適當管理規則，實施漁業檢測、控制與監視。根據聯合國糧食及農業組織説法，漁業管理暫時沒有明確和普遍接受的定義。 然而，糧農組織使用並在其他地方大量引用的工作定義是：信息收集、分析、規劃、協商、決策、資源分配以及制定和實施並在必要時強制執行管理漁業活動的法規或規則的綜合過程，以確保資源和漁業活動的持續生產力和完成其他漁業目標。 

**管理機制**
許多國家設立了部委/政府部門，以管理其專屬經濟區的漁業。四類管理手段包括：調節投入/投資或產出，直接或間接運作：
技術手段包括：- 禁止使用弓箭、長矛或火器等設備- 禁止使用漁網- 規定最小網格尺寸- 限制船隊船隻平均潛在捕撈量（船隻大小、器材、電子器材等） - 禁止使用誘餌- 限制捕魚器- 限制漁民杆數或綫數- 限制出海漁船數量- 限制船舶在海上每單位時間的平均作業強度- 限制平均出海時間

**另見**
 捕魚執照

**參考文獻**

**書籍參考**
 cite book |last1=Arnason |first1=R |last2=Kelleher |first2=K |last3=Willmann |first3=R |year=2008 |url=http://go.worldbank.org/MGUTHSY7U0 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100504080401/http://go.worldbank.org/MGUTHSY7U0 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2010-05-04 |title=The Sunken Billions: The Economic Justification for Fisheries Reform |publisher=World Bank and FAO |isbn=978-0-8213-7790-1 |access-date=2009-04-03 - Caddy JF and Mahon R (1995)  "Reference points for fisheries management" date=20190217052307  FAO Fisheries technical paper 347, Rome. 92-5-103733-7- Duffy, J. Emmett (2008)  Marine biodiversity and food security date=20120101045621  Encyclopedia of Earth. Updated 25 July 2008.- Cite journal |last=Elder |first=D. |year=2006 |title=The Impact of Federal Fishing Policies on Coastal Maine and the Town of Harpswell Thesis |publisher=Dept. of Geography ww.ccsu.edu Central Connecticut University |url=http://content.library.ccsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/ccsutheses&CISOPTR=1132&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |journal= |access-date=2022-02-26 |archive-date=2011-07-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718172545/http://content.library.ccsu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=%2Fccsutheses&CISOPTR=1132&CISOBOX=1&REC=1 |url-status=dead - Ferguson-Cradler, Gregory. "Fisheries’ collapse and the making of a global event, 1950s–1970s." Journal of Global History 13.3 (2018): 399-424.  online date=20220226205601 - Froese, R and K Kesner-Reyes (2002) Impact of Fishing on the Abundance of Marine Species date=20210427084004  International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, ICES CM 2002/L:12.- doi=10.1577/1548-8446(1990)0152.0.CO;2 - doi=10.1111/j.1939-7445.2011.00100.x - bibcode=1996ClRes...6...97H - issue=9–10-  Lackey, Robert T.  2005.  Fisheries:  history, science, and management.  pp. 121–129. In: Water Encyclopedia: Surface and Agricultural Water, Jay H. Lehr and Jack Keeley, editors, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Publishers, New York, 781 pp.- McGoodwin JR (2001)  Understanding the cultures of fishing communities. A key to fisheries management and food security date=20190107161619  FAO Fisheries, Technical Paper 401. 978-92-5-104606-7.- Morgan, Gary; Staples, Derek and Funge-Smith, Simon (2007)  Fishing capacity management and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in Asia date=20190117044147  FAO RAP Publication. 2007/17. 978-92-5-005669-2- Pitcher T, D Pauly and P Hart (1999) Reinventing Fisheries Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers. 978-0-7923-5777-3- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220306030730/https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/ubccommunityandpartnerspublicati/37052/items/1.0058147 - Townsend, R; Shotton, Ross and Uchida, H (2008)  Case studies in fisheries self-governance date=20190102234731  FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. No 504. 978-92-5-105897-8- Voigtlander, C. W. (Ed.) 1994. The State of the World's Fisheries Resources.  Proceedings of the World Fisheries Congress (Athens, 1992), Plenary Sessions.  (Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 66  Janpath, N.Delhi 110 001, INDIA).  204 p.- <- UNEP (2007).  Procedure for Establishing a Regional System of Fisheries Refugia in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand in the context of the UNEP/GEF project entitled: “Reversing Environmental Degradation Trends in the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand” date=20080706034517 . South China Sea Knowledge Document No. 4. UNEP/GEF/SCS/Inf.4-  Evolution of Views of Fishery Management date=20130502235736  In: Sustaining Marine Fisheries (1999) Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources: Ocean Studies Board.-  FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries date=20190213042739 - FAO:  Index of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technical Papers Rome.