中華人民共和國閲兵

中華人民共和國閱兵是由中華人民共和國官方舉辦的重要閱兵儀式，主要用以紀念各種重大歷史事件（特別是中華人民共和國國慶節）。以國慶節閱兵為例：其通常在北京天安門廣場舉行，主要出席人士在天安門城樓檢閱由中國人民解放軍、中國人民武裝警察部隊、中國民兵以及各群眾遊行方陣組成的隊伍。國慶閱兵在1950年至1959年期間每年舉辦一次，此後國慶閱兵中斷，直至自1984年起恢復國慶閱兵並首次在中央電視臺向全球直播閱兵實況，自1999年起形成每十年舉辦一次的傳統。
最近一次的國慶閱兵於2019年10月1日在中華人民共和國成立70週年之際舉行，最近一次在天安門廣場舉行的大型軍民慶祝活動則是在2021年7月1日舉行的“慶祝中國共產黨成立100週年大會”（僅空中梯隊出場受閱）。除傳統上在天安門廣場舉辦的閱兵式及大型慶祝活動之外，中國大陸亦曾在海上舉行閱兵，此外還有於2017年在朱日和基地首次舉辦的實戰化閱兵。

**概要**
中共中央軍委主席習近平於紀念中國人民抗日戰爭暨世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70週年大會上發表講話
自1950年國慶閱兵以來，北京天安門廣場便開始定期舉行閱兵儀式，以紀念中華人民共和國正式成立的週年數。現今閱兵每十年舉行一次（這一形式始於1999年，旨在紀念建國五十週年），而在此之前，自建國初期起閱兵曾每年舉行，直至1959年中國共產黨決定以“節約”方式慶祝這一節日。此外，閱兵儀式亦曾於1964年、1966年、1969年、1970年和1984年舉行。
直到1959年，在採用蘇聯式軍隊國家化傳統舉行閱兵的年代，閱兵的檢閱部分由國防部長負責，該高級職位通常由將軍擔任（在1984年前由元帥擔任，1954年前則由中國人民解放軍總司令擔任）。閱兵儀式的司儀通常由北京市委書記或中共中央的高級成員擔任。自1984年以來，閱兵儀式由最高領導人主持，其既以中共中央負責人的政治職務出席，又依黨章和憲法履行中央軍委主席和全國武裝力量最高統帥的職責而率隊檢閱三軍。閱兵總指揮一般為中國人民解放軍的高級軍官，軍銜為中將或少將，通常擔任中部戰區（及其前身）司令員，或在中央軍委現有15個部門中擔任高級職務。中國共產黨中央委員會主席毛澤東於北京出席首次十一國慶閱兵

**閱兵流程**
Marshal Lin Biao surveying the soldiers during the 10th anniversary military parade in 1959.

**Opening of the parade**
At 10 a.m. the massed military bands of the People's Liberation Army sound the Welcome March, signifying the official commencement of the ceremony. As the paramount leader arrives, he is joined by the following on the rostrum on the Tiananmen Gate:- Premier of the State Council of the PRC- Chairmen of both the Standing Committees of the National People's Congress and the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference- High-ranking officials of the Politburo Standing Committee and the other departments under the Central Committee, CCP- Vice President of the PRC- Vice Premiers of the State Council of the PRC - Vice Chairmen of the Central Military Commission and members of the departments of the Commission- Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court- Prosecutor General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate- State Councilors- Vice Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the NPC and the National Committee of the CPPCC- Secretaries of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party- Retired leaders of the party and the Republic - Representatives of both the NPC and CPPCC, including party faction leaders and leaders of CPPCC organizational factions- Ministers of the State Council and heads of national government agencies with ministerial status- Members of the diplomatic corps and any foreign heads of state and/or governments present if any- Representatives of the private sector, state-owned national and regional companies and people's organizations- If available, provincial governors, city mayors and heads of the Party provincial and municipal committees and regional-level legislatures
In past parades a card stunt display was assembled at the square grounds made up of thousands of young men and women from the capital and from various parts of the country (abolished 2015), while student battalions of the Young Pioneers of China are assembled in the sides of the Massed Bands, led by the Senior Director of Music of the PLA Military Bands Service, made up of around 1,900 male and female bandsmen from the service branches from military bands stationed nationwide. The Pioneer Battalions carry the red battalion colours which can be seen in front of their respective contingents.
The flag raising ceremony follows the arrivals, but unlike the normal ceremony the color guard company, as a 21-gun salute is fired by the gunners of the State Honors Artillery Battery of the Beijing Garrison Command, marches off from the sides of the Monument to the People's Heroes, forms up, and takes its place at the center of the grounds nearest the Massed Bands, with the Flag of China now being placed into the flagpole by the color officer, who has just been given the color from the color guard. The segment was introduced in 1999 as a reenactment of sorts of the raising of the national flag in the square in 1949.
With that concluded and the card stunt now in position, the master of ceremonies gives the announcement on the microphone: Ladies and gentlemen, please stand for the raising of the national flag and the singing of the National Anthem! By then, the color officer now orders the salute and the massed bands play the National Anthem March of the Volunteers as the color company presents arms, after the anthem is played the color company orders arms and stands at ease.

**Inspection of the parade**
As the armed linemen of the Beijing Capital Garrison take their places, the paramount leader then descends to the grounds of the Tiananmen Gate via the elevator and rides on an open top Hongqi L5 for the inspection segment, with around 4,000 to 16,000 military personnel of the PLA, PAP and militia formations assembled by battalions, as well as the 9,000 strong personnel of the mobile column with around 400-900 vehicles. As he arrives at the front of the gate at the Chang'an Avenue, the parade commander (since 1954 the Commander of the Beijing Military Region and later the Central Theater Command) arrives in a similar limousine to inform the paramount leader of the commencement of the inspection of the parade.
The report done, the paramount leader, as the Massed bands play, then inspects the formations, each of its leaders ordering a salute as he passes by and the battalions each present arms (eyes right for unarmed formations and the port arms when using modern rifles), after which they stand at attention. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion (since 2015 the final company is a women's company) together with its national colour guard unit are the first in line for the inspection segment of the parade.
Following the inspection, the paramount leader returns to the Tiananmen Gate to give the national keynote holiday address, at the same time the commander takes his place in the gate as well and the parade formations are now formed in review order as the mobile column now forms up in addition to the flypast.
In the 2019 parade, the order was reversed, this time the paramount leader gives the opening keynote address before departing from the gate for the parade inspection.

**Military parade proper**
The order Commence the parade! from the parade commander atop Tiananmen Gate is the signal for the parade formation to march past the gate, wherein the dignitaries are gathered, while the crowds are assembled on the stands around the gate which include veterans of the PLA, Young Pioneers, representatives of state and private businesses and distinguished citizens as well as the civil service and the diplomatic corps and foreign press representatives. As the Massed Bands play the Parade March of the PLA, a special parade version of the Military Anthem of the People's Liberation Army, following the fly past of the national and party flags and the flag of the PLA, alongside, in special years, a helicopter formation honoring the number of years of nationhood, the ground column marches first as the General Secretary and other party, state and military leaders take the salute of each of the contingents marching past the saluting stand. Since 1984 the regular honor guard companies of the Beijing Garrison Honor Guard Battalion, including the aforementioned female company, are the first to march past the dignitaries, led by the colour guard carrying the flag of the PLA, which serves as the de facto national colour, alongside the national and party flags that both precede it. Each of the battalions that march past are made up of the following:- Officers of the CMC, MND and the People's Armed Police- National Defense University- Military academies and officer cadet schools- PLA Ground Forces- PLA Navy
** PLA Marine Corps- PLA Air Force
** PLA Airborne Corps- PLA Special Operations Forces- PLA Rocket Forces- Joint Logistics Support Force- Women's contingent of PLA personnel- People's Armed Police- PLA Reserve Service Forces- China Militia of the CMC and NDMC- Civilian workers of the CMC, PLA and MND- Battalion of PLA personnel serving in UN peacekeeping operations
Until the parade of 1959, the PLA, PAP and militia marched separately during the parade proper (the militia marched as part of the civil column). Each of the battalions consists of 350 soldiers (14 rows of 25 soldiers) and are led by the battalion commander and the battalion political commissar, who march at the lead of their unit.time=2023-12-28
A mobile column then follows which is also formed into battalions, but with the command personnel mounted on their vehicles as they render honors. These are made up of the mostly nationally produced military vehicles and equipment in service and being introduced to serve the needs of the modern PLA. A notable unit to serve in the mobile column is the female contingent from the Bethune Medical College, which was introduced to the parade in 1984. Following this column, the flypast of aircraft from the Ground Forces, Navy and Air Force follows suit.

**歷年閱兵列表**
本表列舉中華人民共和國自建國以來歷年所舉行的重大閱兵儀式。根據中國人民解放軍《隊列條令》規定，中國大陸的閱兵權限由黨和國家領導人、中央軍委領導、團級以上的部隊軍政主官以及經由上述人員授權的其他領導人物執行。

**天安門廣場閱兵**

**其他閱兵**

**相關條目**
 香港閱兵列表

**註釋**

**參考文獻 ==