威廉·尤特莫倫

威廉·查爾斯·尤特莫倫（William Charles Utermohlen，3月21日），美國具象藝術家，知名於1995年確診阿茲海默症後所繪製的自畫像。尤特莫倫的職業生涯從1957年持續到2001年，其畫作被濃縮成六個時期。《但丁時期》（1964-1966年）受到但丁《地獄》的影響；《啞巴時期》（1968-1970年）和《對話片段》（1989-1991）等系列依據他的早期記憶。
尤特莫倫生於南費城的第一代德國移民家庭，1951年獲得獎學金進入費城美術學院。服完兵役後，他於1953年赴西歐進修。他在那裡從文藝復興和巴洛克藝術家的作品獲得靈感，接著於1957年從美術學院畢業。他於1962年遷居至倫敦，並於1965年與藝術史學家派翠西亞·雷德蒙結婚。1972年他搬到麻薩諸塞州，擔任阿默斯特學院藝術科教師，然後在1975年返回倫敦。
他自1991年開始出現失憶徵兆。1995年被診斷出患有阿茲海默症後，他開始著手創作一系列自畫像，直至2001年無法再提起畫筆。他於2007年3月21日去世，享壽73歲。在其作品刊登於2001年《柳葉刀》雜誌後的幾年間，尤特莫倫的自畫像已陳列於包括芝加哥和倫敦在內的多個藝術展。2019年奧斯卡獎入圍短片《勿忘我》受其自畫像啟發創作。

**早年生活**
威廉·查爾斯·尤特莫倫於1933年12月5日出生於賓夕法尼亞州南費城第一代德國移民家庭UK Government，是家中的獨子3p=244。1951年，他獲得獎學金進入賓夕法尼亞美術學院，並接受現實主義藝術家Walter Stuempfig的教學指導p=5。尤特莫倫於1953年服完兵役2006，其中包括在加勒比地區的兩年。退伍後不久，他赴西歐深造，遊歷義大利、法國和西班牙等國，期間所見的喬託·迪·邦多納和尼古拉斯·普桑的作品對他影響甚鉅2012。1957年，他從美術學院畢業p=152。

**死亡**
尤特莫倫於2000年12月起2y=2001b。2002年，他不再繪畫，2004年住進路易絲公主療養院p=245。2007年3月21日，他因肺炎於Hammersmith Hospital病逝，享壽73歲p=7。遺孀派翠西亞表示：「實際上他早在那之前就已經不在了，比爾於2000年逝世，那時疾病意味著他不能再繪畫。」2012

**建樹**
尤特莫倫的自畫像在2001年登載在醫學雜誌《柳葉刀》上的一篇論文中後引起人們的關注，該論文經常被認為推動了作品的流行3p=107。 據徐錫稱，這些肖像已被標示為「他職業生涯的焦點」p=111。
評論者將尤特莫倫的作品和文森·梵谷、巴勃羅·畢卡索和愛德華·蒙克類比p=145，一些作家也將這些自畫像和馬溫·皮克的插圖相比擬p=2。賽爾表示，尤特莫倫的作品為觀眾提供了「對大腦衰退影響的獨特寫照」loc=para. 11。他早期自畫像的存在（讓觀眾可以創造出他精神衰退的延時攝影）2y=2020，以及他的作品讓阿爾茨海默病患者的思想難得一見的想法，是促成他越來越受歡迎的兩個方面pp=145-146。2019年短片《勿忘我》以自畫像為靈感，獲得2020年奧斯卡最佳動畫短片獎提名2020。

**另見**
《時間盡頭的每一角落》，英國電子音樂人The Caretaker以阿爾茨海默症為逐題摹擬的錄音室專輯。

**參考資料**

**註解**

**腳註**

**參考文獻**
 Cite web|title=Forgetting but not gone: dementia and the arts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/mar/11/forgetting-but-not-gone-dementia-and-the-arts-research-project-alzheimers|access-date=21 November 2021|date=11 March 2017|last=Ball|first=Philip|publisher=The Guardian|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128211413/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/mar/11/forgetting-but-not-gone-dementia-and-the-arts-research-project-alzheimers|archive-date=28 November 2020|url-status=live- url-status=live- Cite web|title=Artist charts his slide into dementia|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1312788/Artist-charts-his-slide-into-dementia.html|access-date=10 November 2021|date=29 June 2001|last=Derbyshire|first=David|publisher=The Telegraph|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160228110047/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1312788/Artist-charts-his-slide-into-dementia.html|archive-date=28 February 2016|url-status=live- cite news|last=Gerlin|first=Andrea|date=13 August 2001|publisher=The Philadelphia Inquirer|title=Self-portrait with Alzheimer's: As disease destroyed his mind, artist William Utermohlen made himself the subject.|url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/1887098583|access-date=6 February 2022|via=ProQuest|url-access=registration- Cite web|title=Words fail us: dementia and the arts|url=http://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jul/19/dementia-and-the-arts-fiction-films-drama-poetry-painting|access-date=2 May 2021|date=19 July 2015|last=Gerrard|first=Nicci|website=The Guardian|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814125038/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2015/jul/19/dementia-and-the-arts-fiction-films-drama-poetry-painting|archive-date=14 August 2021|author-link=Nicci Gerrard|url-status=live- Cite news|last=Grady|first=Denise|date=24 October 2006|title=Self-Portraits Chronicle a Descent Into Alzheimer's|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/24/health/24alzh.html|access-date=2 May 2021|issn=0362-4331|url-access=subscription|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210815053302/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/24/health/24alzh.html|archive-date=15 August 2021|url-status=live- Cite web|title=Pursuing the Ephemerel, Painting the Enduring; Alzheimer's and the Artwork of William Utermohlen|url=https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=utermohlen|access-date=16 August 2021|date=2015|publisher=Illinois Wesleyan University|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607091328/https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000&context=utermohlen|archive-date=7 June 2020|last1=Green|first1=Jonathan|last2=Montpetit|first2=Mignon A.|last3=Diaz|first3=Joanne|last4=Kooken|first4=Wendy|url-status=live- cite web|title='Memorable' Director Bruno Collet Uses Stop-Motion To Tap Into Aging Painter’s Experience Of Dementia|url=https://deadline.com/2020/01/memorable-director-bruno-collet-oscars-animated-short-interview-news-1202843947/|access-date=19 October 2021|date=28 January 2020|last=Grobar|first=Matt|publisher=Deadline|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226022029/https://deadline.com/2020/01/memorable-director-bruno-collet-oscars-animated-short-interview-news-1202843947/|archive-date=26 February 2021|url-status=live- cite web|title=A portrait of dementia: the symptoms of dementia as a model for exploring complex and fluid subjectivity in portrait-painting|url=https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5301&context=theses|access-date=9 November 2021|date=2014|last=Hsu|first=Xi|publisher=University of Wollongong|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150322004803/https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5301&context=theses|archive-date=22 March 2015|location=Wollongong, New South Wales|url-status=live- cite news|last=Iacobuzio|first=Ted|title=Amherst Student, 1974 June 6, Commencement issue|url=https://acdc.amherst.edu/view/asc:729573|access-date=1 December 2021|work=Amherst Student|via=Amherst College Digital Collections|publisher=Amherst College|date=6 June 1974|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130035954/https://acdc.amherst.edu/view/asc:729573|archive-date=30 November 2020|url-status=live- cite news|last1=Jackson|first1=Antonio|last2=Blair|first2=Raymond|title=Amherst Student, 1974 October 14|url=https://acdc.amherst.edu/view/asc:748899|access-date=1 December 2021|work=Amherst Student|via=Amherst College Digital Collections|publisher=Amherst College|date=14 October 1974|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117105044/https://acdc.amherst.edu/view/asc:748899|archive-date=17 January 2021|url-status=live- cite web|title=Animated Shorts Long on Talent in Oscar Race|url=https://variety.com/2020/film/spotlight/oscar-animated-shorts-long-on-talent-in-oscar-race-1203492678/|date=4 February 2020|last=McLean|first=Thomas J.|publisher=Variety|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812032331/https://variety.com/2020/film/spotlight/oscar-animated-shorts-long-on-talent-in-oscar-race-1203492678/|archive-date=12 August 2021- cite news|last=Millin|first=Leslie|date=Summer 2007|publisher=Queen's Quarterly|title=Idols of the eye|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A168338423/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=28a4dd92|access-date=27 March 2022|via=Gale Academic OneFile- cite web|title=William Utermohlen|url=https://www.wnyc.org/story/107341-william-utermohlen/|access-date=23 February 2022|date=8 June 2007|last=Molinsky|first=Eric|publisher=Studio 360|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210613060124/https://www.wnyc.org/story/107341-william-utermohlen/|archive-date=13 June 2021|url-status=live- url-status=live- Cite web|title=An intimate portrait of Alzheimer's disease|url=https://www.luc.edu/loyolamagazine/stories/archive/luma-alzheimers.shtml|access-date=14 October 2021|date=2016|last=Politis|first=Evangeline|publisher=Loyola University Chicago|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614095040/https://www.luc.edu/loyolamagazine/stories/archive/luma-alzheimers.shtml|archive-date=14 June 2021|url-status=live- Cite web|title=How an Artist Painted His Decline Into Alzheimer's|url=https://gizmodo.com/how-an-artist-painted-his-decline-into-alzheimers-5880902|access-date=1 November 2021|date=31 January 2012|last=Purcell|first=Andrew|work=New Scientist, published by Gizmodo|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101162400/https://gizmodo.com/how-an-artist-painted-his-decline-into-alzheimers-5880902|archive-date=1 November 2021|url-status=live- Cite web|title=Commentary: Academic Medicine|url=https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2006/11000/Commentary.14.aspx|access-date=11 August 2021|date=November 2006|last=Soricelli|first=Rhonda L.|work=Association of American Medical Colleges|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210811223408/https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Fulltext/2006/11000/Commentary.14.aspx|archive-date=11 August 2021|url-status=live- cite news|last=Stennett|first=Brooke Pawling|date=22 February 2016|journal=UWIRE|publisher=ULOOP|title=Exhibit showcases Alzheimer's through art|url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A443895804/AONE?u=wikipedia&sid=ebsco&xid=ef604efe|access-date=26 March 2022|via=Gale Academic OneFile- cite web|title=Arts Program Engages Alzheimer's Patients, Caregivers|url=https://news.wttw.com/2016/05/16/arts-program-engages-alzheimer-s-patients-caregivers|access-date=24 February 2022|date=16 May 2016|last=Thometz|first=Kristen|publisher=WTTW|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513024954/https://news.wttw.com/2016/05/16/arts-program-engages-alzheimer-s-patients-caregivers|archive-date=13 May 2021|url-status=dead- url-status=live- url-status=dead- url-status=dead- url-status=dead- url-status=dead- url-status=dead

**期刊**
 jstor=26594289- cite journal|title=Some workmen can blame their tools: artistic change in an individual with Alzheimer's disease|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_the-lancet_2001-06-30_357_9274/page/2129|first1=Sebastian J.|last2=Isaacs|first2=Ron|date=30 June 2001|journal=The Lancet|issue=9274|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(00)05187-4|volume=357|pages=2129–33|pmid=11445128|last3=Rossor|first3=Martin N.|last1=Crutch- last1=Forsythe- last1=Frei- last1=van Buren

**書籍**
 archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507090758/https://books.google.com/books?id=2AlbJ2fDQGkC&q=William+Utermohlen&pg=PA152- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220405170459/https://books.google.com/books?id=XWn4AAAAQBAJ&q=%22William+Utermohlen%22&pg=PR29- location=Place of publication not known- location=London- location=Princeton, New Jersey- cite book|last=Mackowiak|first=Philip A.|date=29 November 2018|title=Patients as Art; Forty Thousand Years of Medical History in Drawings, Paintings, and Sculpture|url=https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/Patients_as_Art/aWJ7DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=William+Utermohlen&pg=PA144&printsec=frontcover|isbn=978-0-190-85823-0|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford, England- location=Bielefeld- location=New York, N. Y.