理查德·塔魯斯金

理查德·菲勒·塔魯斯金（Richard Filler Taruskin，7月1日），美國音樂學家、音樂評論家，是同代音樂史學家中的最傑出的領頭人物之一。他廣泛挖掘史料，結合社會學、文化、政治視野的音樂分析，引發了許多討論、辯論和爭議。loc="Achievement Digest"他定期為《紐約時報》等報紙撰寫音樂評論。塔魯斯金研究過各種各樣的課題，但主要是18世紀至今的俄國音樂。2001其他涉獵的課題包括表演理論、15世紀音樂、20世紀古典音樂、民族主義音樂、現代性理論、音樂分析等。2001最為著稱的是對西方古典音樂研究的六卷本鴻篇巨帙《Oxford History of Western Music》。124–125受獎若干，包括1978年美國音樂學學會首次頒發的Noah Greenberg Award，以及2017年的京都獎。

**早年生活、教育背景**
理查德·菲勒·塔魯斯金1945年4月2日出生於紐約，2001生長於一個“自由主義、知識分子、猶太人音樂世家”。母親Beatrice Filler是鋼琴教師，父親Benjamin是業餘小提琴家。他入讀音樂美術高中（現屬Fiorello H. LaGuardia高中）學習大提琴。後獲哥倫比亞大學優等文學學士（1965）、文學碩士（1968）和音樂史學的哲學博士學位（1976）。他指揮過哥倫比亞大學音樂學會合唱團。1970年代末至1980年代末在Aulos樂團演奏古大提琴。2001
博士學習期間，他師從Paul Henry Lang。朗是將音樂置於社會文化語境中進行研究的先驅，著有《西方文化中的音樂》。通過一名十月革命後仍留在俄國的親戚，塔魯斯金接觸到了一些不太為人知的俄國歌劇唱片，激發了他對俄國音樂的興趣。他靠富布賴特獎學金去莫斯科一年，期間不僅對俄國的語言和音樂產生了興趣，還對音樂與社會、政治史的聯繫產生興趣。1980年代，塔魯斯金在紐約公共圖書館考察了斯特拉文斯基的檔案文件。

**職業生涯**
1975–1986年，塔魯斯金任教於哥倫比亞大學。後來到加利福尼亞大學伯克利分校任音樂學教授，2014年底從伯克利分校退休。
1981年出版第一本書《1860年代俄國歌劇、戲劇的言傳與身教》（Opera and Drama in Russia as Preached and Practiced in the 1860s）。他還寫有大量普及性著作，其中有1980年代中期開始為《紐約時報》撰寫的一些文章，2017這些文章“生動，博學，能言善辯”且極富爭議，評論對象有艾略特·卡特、奧爾夫、普羅科菲耶夫等。這些文章多被收入將塔魯斯金譽為影響復古風格演奏運動的評論家2017的《文本與行動》（Text and Act）一書，以及《“危險的音樂”等反烏托邦文章》（The Danger of Music and Other Anti-Utopian Essays）和《論俄國音樂》（On Russian Music）等書中。他的文章多從社會、文化、政治議題中討論音樂——例如審查制度，特別是對約翰·亞當斯歌劇《The Death of Klinghoffer》的辯論。refn|See, for example, “The Klinghoffer Controversy” in Thomas May, ed., The John Adams Reader (Amadeus Press, 2006), pp. 297–339; Taruskin’s original 2001 The New York Times article is reprinted there and, with a lengthy postscript, in The Danger of Music.|group=n
1996年的全面研究《斯特拉文斯基及其俄國傳統——從歌劇〈馬芙拉〉觀其創作史》發現斯特拉文斯基其實大量借鑑著俄國民間音樂素材，並分析了造成斯特拉文斯基不願透露這些借用的歷史原因。
塔魯斯金對西方古典音樂的研究見於六卷《牛津西方音樂史》。124–125其中第一卷專論從最早的有文獻音樂到16世紀的音樂，“從歷史、美術和建築中編織事實和印象”，引人入勝地介紹早期音樂。

**個人生活·逝世**
塔魯斯金1984年與Cathy Roebuck結婚，育有子女二人。2022年7月1日因食道癌逝於加利福尼亞州奧克蘭，享年77歲。

**獲獎與榮譽**
塔魯斯金所獲學術獎項眾多。1978年他以對奧克岡的《短拍彌撒》的研究和表演收穫American Musicological Society（AMS）頒發的首個諾亞·格林伯格獎。他還獲美國音樂學學會的阿爾弗雷德·愛因斯坦獎（1980），英國皇家音樂協會的登特獎章（1987）。1997年和2006年兩次獲美國音樂學學會的Otto Kinkeldey獎。20011998年入選美國哲學學會。美國作曲家、作家和發行商協會1988年授予他Deems Taylor獎，2006年再次授獎。2017年獲京都獎（音樂類）。2017 
2012年，普林斯頓大學召開“音樂史終結之後”大會，表彰其貢獻。

**出版著作**
（來源：loc=Profile: Selected Publications）

**圖書**
 ref=none Republished in 1993, Rochester: University of Rochester Press- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- Cite book |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |year=2005 |title=The Oxford History of Western Music |publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford |isbn= |volume=6 volumes |author-mask=2|ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- Cite book |editor-last1=Taruskin |editor-first1=Richard |editor-last2=Karlinsky |editor-first2=Simon |editor-last3=Hughes |editor-first3=Robert P. |editor-last4=Koster |editor-first4=Thomas A. |year=2013 |title=Freedom from Violence and Lies: Essays on Russian Poetry and Music |publisher=Academic Studies Press |location=Boston |isbn=978-1-61811-158-6 |editor-mask=2 |doi=10.2307/j.ctt1zxsk34 |jstor=j.ctt1zxsk34|ref=none|last1=Karlinsky |first1=Simon |url=http://library.oapen.org/bitstream/20.500.12657/30917/1/641424.pdf - ref=none- ref=none- ref=none

**合著章節**
 Cite book |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |editor-last1=Holoman |editor-first1=D. Kern |editor-link1=D. Kern Holoman |editor-last2=Palisca |editor-first2=Claude V. |editor-link2=Claude V. Palisca |year=1982 |title=Musicology in the 1980s: Methods, Goals, Opportunities |url=https://archive.org/details/musicologyin19800000unse |chapter=The Musicologist and the Performer |publisher=Da Capo Press |location=New York |isbn=978-0-306-76188-1 |pages= 107–117|ref=none- Cite book |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |editor-last=Brown |editor-first=Malcolm Hamrick |year=1982 |title=Musorgsky, in Memoriam, 1881–1981 |url=https://archive.org/details/musorgskyinmemor0000malc |chapter='Little Star': an Etude in the Folk Style |publisher=UMI Research Press |location=Ann Arbor |isbn=978-0-8357-1295-8 |pages= 57–84 |author-mask=2|ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- ref=none

**文章**
 Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=July 1970 |title=Realism as Preached and Practiced: The Russian Opera Dialogue |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_musical-quarterly_1970-07_56_3/page/431 |journal=The Musical Quarterly |volume=56 |issue=3 |publisher=Oxford University Press |jstor=741247 |pages=431–454|doi=10.1093/mq/LVI.3.431 |ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=November 1977 |title=Glinka's Ambiguous Legacy and the Birth Pangs of Russian Opera |journal=19th-Century Music |volume=1 |issue=2 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=142–162 |jstor=746475 |doi=10.2307/746475 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 1979 |title=Opera and Drama in Russia: The Case of Serov's "Judith" |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |volume=32 |issue=1 |publisher=University of California Press |pages=74–117 |jstor=831269 |doi=10.2307/831269 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Autumn 1980 |title=Russian Folk Melodies in "The Rite of Spring" |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |volume=33 |issue=3 |publisher=University of California Press|pages=501–543 |jstor=831304 |doi=10.2307/831304 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=June 1982 |title=On Letting the Music Speak for Itself: some Reflections on Musicology and Performance |journal=The Journal of Musicology |publisher=University of California Press|volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=338–349 |jstor=763881 |doi=10.2307/763881 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 1983 |title=How the Acorn Took Root: A Tale of Russia |journal=19th-Century Music |volume=6 |issue=3 |publisher=University of California Press|pages=189–212 |jstor=746585 |doi=10.2307/746585 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Autumn 1984 |title=Some Thoughts on the History and Historiography of Russian Music |journal=The Journal of Musicology |publisher=University of California Press|volume=3 |issue=4 |pages=321–339 |jstor=763585 |doi=10.2307/763585 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Autumn 1984 |title=Musorgsky vs. Musorgsky: The Versions of "Boris Godunov" |journal=19th-Century Music |publisher=University of California Press|volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=91–118, 241–256 |jstor=746756 |doi=10.2307/746756 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 1985 |title=Chernomor to Kashchei: Harmonic Sorcery; Or, Stravinsky's "Angle" |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |publisher=University of California Press|volume=38 |issue=1 |pages=72–142 |jstor=831550 |doi=10.2307/831550 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Summer 1986 |title=Antoine Busnoys and the "L'Homme armé" Tradition |journal=Journal of the American Musicological Society |publisher=University of California Press|volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=255–293 |jstor=831531 |doi=10.2307/831531 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 1987 |title=Chez Pétrouchka: Harmony and Tonality "chez" Stravinsky |journal=19th-Century Music |publisher=University of California Press|volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=265–286 |jstor=746439 |doi=10.2307/746439 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 1989 |title=Resisting the Ninth |journal=19th-Century Music |publisher=University of California Press|volume=12 |issue=3 |pages=241–256 |jstor=746505 |doi=10.2307/746505 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite news |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=June 15, 1989 |title='Jews and Geniuses': An Exchange |work=The New York Review of Books |url=https://nybooks.com/articles/1989/06/15/jews-and-geniuses-an-exchange/?pagination=false |author-mask=2 |ref=none |accessdate=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719192412/https://www.nybooks.com/articles/1989/06/15/jews-and-geniuses-an-exchange/?pagination=false |dead-url=no - Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=May 1992 |title=Tradition and Authority |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_early-music_1992-05_20_2/page/311 |journal=Early Music |volume=20 |issue=2 |publisher=Oxford University Press|pages=311–314+317–320+323–325 |doi=10.1093/earlyj/XX.2.311 |jstor=3127887 |author-mask=2|ref=none- ref=none- ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=January 1995 |title=A Myth of the Twentieth Century: The Rite of Spring, the Tradition of the New, and the Myth Itself |journal=Modernism/modernity |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=1–26 |doi=10.1353/mod.1995.0008 |s2cid=145160261 |author-mask=2|ref=none- ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=2006 |title=Is There a Baby in the Bathwater? (Part I) |journal=Archiv für Musikwissenschaft |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag |volume=63 |issue=3 |pages=163–185 |jstor=25162364 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=2006 |title=Is There a Baby in the Bathwater? (Part II) |journal=Archiv für Musikwissenschaft |publisher=Franz Steiner Verlag|volume=63 |issue=4 |pages=309–327 |jstor=25162374 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite news |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=December 9, 2001 |title=MUSIC; Music's Dangers And The Case For Control |work=The New York Times |url-access=limited |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/arts/music-music-s-dangers-and-the-case-for-control.html?mcubz=0 |author-mask=2 |ref=none |accessdate=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2022-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719192335/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/09/arts/music-music-s-dangers-and-the-case-for-control.html?mcubz=0 |dead-url=no - ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 2009 |title=Afterword: Nicht blutbefleckt? |journal=The Journal of Musicology |publisher=University of California Press |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=274–284 |jstor=10.1525/jm.2009.26.2.274 |doi=10.1525/jm.2009.26.2.274 |author-mask=2|ref=none- Cite journal |last=Taruskin |first=Richard |date=Spring 2014 |title=Agents and Causes and Ends, Oh My |journal=The Journal of Musicology |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=272–293 |jstor=10.1525/jm.2014.31.2.272 |doi=10.1525/jm.2014.31.2.272 |author-mask=2|ref=none

**註釋**

**參考文獻**

**引文**

**一般和引用來源**
 Cite web|author=Anon.|year=2017|url=https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/richard_taruskin/|title=Richard Taruskin | Kyoto Prize|publisher=Inamori Foundation|access-date=2022-07-19|archive-date=2022-07-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707153739/https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/laureates/richard_taruskin/|dead-url=no- Cite encyclopedia |last=Morgan |first=Paula |year=2001 |encyclopedia=Grove Music Online |title=Taruskin, Richard |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.47125 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000047125 |access-date=2022-07-19 |archive-date=2021-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924213511/https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000047125 |dead-url=no  

**深入閱讀**
 Cite journal|last=McClary|first=Susan|author-link=Susan McClary|date=August 2006|title=The World According to Taruskin|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_music-letters_2006-08_87_3/page/408|journal=Music & Letters|volume=87|issue=3|pages=408–415|doi=10.1093/ml/gcl001 |jstor=3876907|ref=none- Cite news|last=Oestreich|first=James R.|author-link=James R. Oestreich|date=December 19, 2004|title=A History of Western Music? Well, It's a Long Story|type=interview about Oxford History of Western Music|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/19/books/arts/classical-music-debriefing-a-history-of-western-music-well-its-a.html|access-date=May 28, 2022|ref=none- dead-url=no 

**外部鏈接**
 Richard Taruskin- DeVoto, Mark:  Richard Taruskin, 1945–2022 date=20220715131353 . The Boston Musical Intelligencer, July 1, 2022- SaQG5HEAAAAJ