威廉·柴提克

威廉·C·柴提克 (William C. Chittick,df=yes) 是一位美國的哲學家、作家、伊斯蘭古典哲學與神秘學文獻的翻譯家與口譯員。他因關於魯米與伊本·阿拉比的研究著作而聞名，著述了大量關於伊本·阿拉比的學說以及伊斯蘭哲學和宇宙學的著作。
柴提克的妻子是日裔伊斯蘭研教法學家村田幸子，兩人都在德黑蘭大學取得了波斯文學博士，現在也都在石溪大學任教。

**個人經歷**
1943年，柴提克出生於康涅狄格州的米爾福德，本科畢業於俄亥俄州的伍斯特學院的歷史學系。1964年至1965年期間，他在黎巴嫩的貝魯特美國大學學習伊斯蘭教歷史。在貝魯特美國大學，他對蘇菲主義產生興趣，並參加了當時在該校擔任客座教授的賽義德·侯賽因·納斯爾（سید حسین نصر）舉辦的公開講座。
1966年，柴提克抵達伊朗，在德黑蘭大學攻讀波斯文學博士。1974年，他在納斯爾的指導下，於伊朗德黑蘭大學取得了波斯文學的博士學位。此後他在謝里夫理工大學教授比較宗教學，並於1978年加入了伊朗帝國哲學學術院。
1979年，在伊斯蘭革命爆發前夕，柴提克不得不與妻子村田幸子一起離開了伊朗。
目前，柴提克是石溪大學亞洲與亞裔美國人研究系的特聘教授。在80年代初期，他曾擔任伊朗百科全書的副主編。2014年，他因學術貢獻而獲頒古根海姆獎。

**著作列表**

**著作**
The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: An Introduction (Tehran: Aryamehr University Press, 1974). A new edition, The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi, released in 2005 (see below).
*The Sufi Path of Love: The Spiritual Teachings of Rumi (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983). It has been translated into Russian (1995), Indonesian (2000), Persian (2004, 2005) and Bosnian (2005). 
*The Sufi Path of Knowledge: Ibn al-'Arabi's Metaphysics of Imagination (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989). It has been partially translated into Indonesian (2001) and fully into Persian (2010).
*Imaginal Worlds: Ibn al-'Arabi and the Problem of Religious Diversity (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1994). It has been translated into Turkish (1999), Indonesian (2001), Spanish (2004) and Persian (2004, 2005, 2007). 
*With Sachiko Murata, The Vision of Islam (New York: Paragon, 1994). It has been translated into Persian (1999), Turkish (2000), Indonesian (2005), Albanian (2008), Urdu (2008) and Russian (2014).
*Varolmanın Boyutları (The Dimensions of Existence) A collection of seventeen essays edited and translated by Turan Koç (Istanbul: Insan Yayınları, 1997).
*The Self-Disclosure of God: Principles of Ibn al-'Arabi's Cosmology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998).
*Sufism: A Short Introduction (Oxford: Oneworld, 2000). It has been translated into Indonesian (2002), Turkish (2003), Persian (2004, 2007), Albanian (2007), Italian (2009) and Russian (2012).
*The Heart of Islamic Philosophy:The Quest for Self-Knowledge in the Teachings of Afdal al-Din Kashani (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001). It has been translated into Persian (2011).
*Ibn 'Arabi: Heir to the Prophets (Oxford: Oneworld, 2005). It has been translated into German (2012), Albanian (2012), Turkish (2014), Persian (2014) and Arabic (2015).
*The Sufi Doctrine of Rumi: Illustrated Edition (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2005). It has been translated into Spanish (2008) and Albanian (2009).
*Science of the Cosmos, Science of the Soul: The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology in the Modern World (Oxford: Oneworld, 2007). It has been translated into Persian (2009), Indonesian (2010), Turkish (2010) and Albanian (2011).- With Sachiko Murata and Tu Weiming, The Sage Learning of Liu Zhi: Islamic Thought in Confucian Terms (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Centre, 2009). - In Search of the Lost Heart: Explorations in Islamic Thought. An anthology of Chittick's writings (from 1975 to 2012) edited by Mohammed Rustom, Atif Khalil, and Kazuyo Murata (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2012). It has been translated into Persian. (2017)- Divine Love: Islamic Literature and the Path to God (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2013). It has been translated into Persian (2016).

**論文**
"Il sufismo operativo in Rumi" (translated into Italian by Elémire Zolla), Conoscenza religiosa, Vol. 3 (1975), pp. 272–288 
*" A Shadhili Presence in Shi'ite Islam date=20210627225714 ?", Sophia Perennis, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1975), pp. 97–100 
*" Ibn `Arabi's own Summary of the Fusûs: 'The Imprint of the Bezels of Wisdom date=20210627234224 '", Sophia Perennis, Vol. 1 No. 2 (1975), pp. 88–128
*""Matâli`-i îmân" by Sadr al-Dîn Qûnawî d. 1273, edition of the Persian text", Sophia Perennis, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1978), pp. 57–80 
*" The Last Will and Testament of Ibn ‘Arabi’s Foremost Disciple and Some Notes on its Author date=20210629025227 ", Sophia Perennis, Vol. 4, No. 1 (1978), pp. 43–58
*" The Perfect Man as the Prototype of the Self in the Sufism of Jāmī date=20210628195514 ", Studia Islamica, No. 49 (1979), pp. 135–157
*""Lama'at (Divine Flashes of Fakhruddin 'Iraqi), Selections Translated" (with P.L. Wilson)", Gnosis, Vol. 7-8 (1979), pp. 23-46 
*" Commentary on a Hadith by Sadr al-Din Qunawi date=20181005220130 ", Alserat, Vol. 4, No. 1, (1980), pp. 23-30. Translated by Grazia Marchianò, "Un commento esoterico di Sadr Al-Din Qunawi." Conoscenza religiosa, 1983/1, pp. 10–17 
*" Sultan Burhan al-Din's Sufi Correspondence date=20210624205134 ", Wiener Zeitschrift für die Kunde des Morgenlandes, Vol. 73 (1981), pp. 33–45
*" Sadr al-Dīn Qūnawī on the Oneness of Being date=20210624204637 ", International Philosophical Quarterly 21 (2):171-184 (1981)
*" Mysticism versus Philosophy in Earlier Islamic History: The Al-Ṭūsī, Al-Qūnawī Correspondence date=20210624203427 ", Religious Studies, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Mar., 1981), pp. 87–104 
*" Jami on Divine Love and the image of wine date=20200425080001 ", Studies in Mystical Literature, Vol. 1, No. 3 (1981), pp. 193–209 
*" The Five Divine Presences: From al-Qunawi to al-Qaysari date=20210624205306 ", Muslim World, 72 (1982), pp. 107–28. Turkish translation by Turan Koç, "Bes Ilahî Hazret: el-Konevî'den el-Kayserî'ye," Uluslararasi Davud el-Kayserî Sempozyumu. Ankara: Kayserî Büyüksehir Belediyese Kültür Müdürlügü, 1998, pp. 347–63
*" Words of the All-Merciful date=20210628001502 ", Parabola, Vol. 8, No. 3 (1983), pp. 18–25 
*" The chapter headings of the Fusus date=20210627211354 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 2, 1984, pp. 41–94
*" Beatific Vision and Poetic Imagery in Bahâ' Walad date=20210629055642 ", Studies in Mystical Literature, Vol. 5, No. 2 (1985), pp. 21–32; also Sufi, Vol. 7 (1990), pp. 5–9 
*"Islam and the Loss of Equilibrium", Journal of Dharma, Vol. 10, No. 1 (1985), pp. 42–59; also Islamic Quarterly, Vol. 20 (1986), pp. 165–178 
*" Rumi's View of Imam Husayn", Alserat, Vol. 12, No. 1-2 (1986), pp. 3–12. Translated into Persian by Hasan Lâhûtî as "Imâm Husayn dar Nagâh-i Mawlawî", Mîrâth-i Jâwîdân, Vol. 17 (1376/1997), pp. 92–95; also in Gulistân, Vol. 2, No. 3 (1377/1998), pp. 107–18 
*" Belief and Transformation: The Sufi Teachings of Ibn al-`Arabî date=20210624204812 ", The American Theosophist, Vol. 74, No. 5 (1986), pp. 181–192
*" 'God Surrounds all Things': An Islamic Perspective on the Environment date=20210629013652 ", The World and I, Vol. 1, No. 6 (June 1986), pp. 671–678
*"" Rumi's View of Death date=20210628210500 " Alserat, Vol. 13, No. 2 (1987), pp. 30–51
*" From the Meccan Openings: The Myth of the Origin of Religion and the Law date=20210628152221 ", The World and I, Vol. 3, No. 1 (January 1988), pp. 655–665
*" Death and the World of Imagination - Ibn al-Arabi's Eschatology", The Muslim World, 78 (1988), pp. 51–82. Turkish translation by T. Koç. Yeldi Iklim 2, May 1992, pp. 41–46. Italian translation by Walter Librale, “La morte et il ‘mundo immaginale’: l’escatologia akbariana", Perennia Verba, Vol. 4 (2000), pp. 59–106 
*" The World of Imagination and Poetic Imagery According to Ibn al-`Arabî date=20210630161526 ", Temenos, Vol. 10 (1989), pp. 99–119
*"The Love Song of Ayatollah Khomeini" (with P. Clawson)", The New Republic (Sept. 4, 1989), p. 35 
*""Khwâja Khurd's Treatise on the Gnostic", Sufi, Vol. 5 (1990), pp. 11–12. Persian as "Risâla-yi 'ârif-i Khwâja Khurd", Sûfî, Vol. 4 (1368 1989), pp. 22–25 
*" The Theological Roots of War and Peace in Islam date=20210628180157 ", Islamic Quarterly, Vol. 34 (1990), pp. 145–163 
*" The Islamic Concept of Human Perfection date=20210628194423 " The World and I, Vol. 6, No. 2 (February 1991), pp. 498–513
*"Ebn al-`Arabi as Lover", Sufi, Vol. 9 (1991), pp. 6–9. Persian translation by S. Hamza'î, Sûfî, Vol. 13 (1370/1991), pp. 12–17. 
*" The Bodily Positions of the Ritual Prayer date=20210628140020 ", Sufi, Vol. 12 (1991–92), pp. 16–18. French translation by E. de Longrée as "Les gestes de la prière en Islam", Initiations, Vol. 7 (1991–92), pp. 15–19 
*" The Way of the Sufi date=20210627205844 ", Sufi, Vol. 14 (1992), pp. 5–10 
*" Notes on Ibn al-'Arabî's Influence in India date=20210628190057 ", Muslim World, Vol. 82 (1992), pp. 218–41 
*"Khwâja Khurd wa risâla-yi Nûr-i wahdat-i way", Iran Nameh, Vol. 11, No. 1 (1993), pp. 101–20 
*" The Spiritual Path of Love in Ibn al-'Arabi and Rumi date=20210627215924 ", Mystics Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 1 (March 1993), pp. 4–16 
*"Meetings with Imaginal Men", Sufi, Vol. 19 (1993), pp. 8–13.
*" Ahmad Sam`ânî on Divine Mercy date=20210627222952 ", Sufi, Vol. 27 (1995), pp. 5–11
*" The Divine Roots of Human Love date=20191218113945 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Volume 17, 1995
*" The Muhammadan Inheritance date=20210628003237 ", Horizons Maghrébins, Vol. 30 (Hiver 1995), pp. 55–61; reprinted in Iqbal Review, Vol. 38, 1997, pp. 141–50 
*" Presence with God date=20200214091421 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 20, 1996, pp. 15–32
*" Can the Islamic Intellectual Heritage be Recovered date=20210122094115 ?", Iqbal Review, Vol. 40, No. 3 (1998), pp. 11–25 
*" The Pertinence of Islamic Cosmology: Reflections on the Philosophy of Afdal al-Din Kashani date=20210624203921 ", Journal of Religious Thought (Andîsha-yi dînî, Shiraz University), Vol. 1 (1999), pp. 3–20 
*"Words to the Wise", Sufi, Vol. 42 (1999), pp. 41–43 
*" Time, Space, and the Objectivity of Ethical Norms: The Teachings of Ibn al-'Arabī date=20210624203118 ", Islamic Studies, Vol. 39, No. 4, Special Issue: Islam and Science (Winter 2000), pp. 581–596 
*" On the Teleology of Perception date=20210627222156 ", Transcendent Philosophy, Vol. 1 (2000), pp. 1–18 
*" The Goal of Islamic Philosophy: Reflections on the Works of Afdal al-Din Kashani date=20210628183015 ", Sacred Web, Vol. 5 (2000), pp. 17–29 
*" The Disclosure of the Intervening Image: Ibn 'Arabî on Death date=20210628180200 ", Discourse, Vol. 24, No. 1, Mortals to Death (Winter 2002), pp. 51–62 
*" The Pluralistic Vision of Persian Sufi Poetry date=20210630072748 ", Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, Vol. 14, No. 4 (October 2003), pp. 423–428
*" The central point : Qunawi's role in the school of Ibn 'Arabi date=20070206075334 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 35, 2004, pp. 25–45
*" Slumber Seizes Him Not - The remedy for forgetfulness date=20210628003153 ", Parabola, Vol. 30, No. 1, 2005 : 32
*" Spirit, body and in-between - ambiguity and the intermediate realm date=20210624201650 ", Parabola, Vol. 30, No. 3, 2005 : 6
*" The wisdom of animals date=20200214210337 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 46, 2009, pp. 27–37
*" The anthropology of compassion date=20200214131529 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 48, 2010, pp. 1–17 
*" The religion of love revisited date=20200214210237 ", Journal of the Muhyiddin Ibn 'Arabi Society, Vol. 54, 2013, pp. 37–59
*" Love in Islamic Thought date=20210628152615 ", Religion Compass, Vol. 8, No. 7 (2014), pp. 229–38

**編纂**
With Seyyed Hossein Nasr (vols. 1-3) and Peter Zirnis (vols. 2-3), An Annotated Bibliography of Islamic Science (Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1975–78, vols. 1-2; Tehran: Cultural Studies and Research Institute, 1991, vol. 3). 
*'Abd al-Rahmân Jâmî, Naqd al-nusûs fi sharh naqsh al-fusûs, Persian and Arabic text with critical apparatus, notes, English and Persian introductions, indexes (Tehran: Imperial Iranian Academy of Philosophy, 1977).
*The Works of Seyyed Hossein Nasr Through His Fortieth Birthday. Edited and Introduced (Uppsala: University of Utah Press, 1977). 
*The Inner Journey: Views from the Islamic Tradition. Edited and Introduced (Sandpoint, ID: White Thread Press, 2007). 
*The Essential Seyyed Hossein Nasr. Edited and Introduced (Bloomington, IN: World Wisdom, 2007).

**翻譯**
Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, A Shi'ite Anthology (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1981). 
*Javad Nurbakhsh, Sufism I : Meaning, Knowledge, and Unity (New York: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1981).
*Fakhr al-Din 'Iraqi, Divine Flashes. Translated with P.L. Wilson (New York: Paulist Press, 1982).
*Javad Nurbakhsh, Sufism II: Fear and Hope, Contraction and Expansion, Gathering and Dispersion, Intoxication and Sobriety, Annihilation and Subsistence (New York: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1982).
*Ali ibn Abi Talib, Supplications (Du'â), (London: Muhammadi Trust, 1982).
*Zayn al-'Abidin, The Psalms of Islam. Translated and introduced (London: Muhammadi Trust, 1988). Reprinted as The Psalms of Islam: English Version (UK: al-Mahdi Institute, and Marsta, Sweden: Me'raj Educational Publishers, 2007).
*Javad Nurbakhsh, Sufism IV: Repentance, Abstinence, Renunciation, Wariness, Humility, Humbleness, Sincerity, Steadfastness, Courtesy (London: Khaniqahi-Nimatullahi, 1988).
*William Chittick (editor), Faith and Practice of Islam: Three Thirteenth Century Sufi Texts (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1992). 
*'Abd al-Rahman Jami, Gleams. Translated in Sachiko Murata, Chinese Gleams of Sufi Light: Wang Tai-yu's Great Learning of the Pure and Real and Liu Chih's Displaying the Concealment of the Real Realm (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000). 
*Mulla Sadra, The Elixir of the Gnostics. Translated, Edited, and Introduced (Provo: Brigham Young University Press, 2003). 
*Shams al-Din Tabrizi, Me and Rumi: The Autobiography of Shams-i Tabrizi. Annotated and Translated (Louisville, KY: Fons Vitae, 2004).
*Ibn 'Arabi, select translations from The Meccan Revelations. Translated by Michel Chodkiewicz (ed.), The Meccan Revelations (New York: Pir Press, 2004). 
*Sadr al-Din al-Qunawi, The Texts. Translated in Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Mehdi Aminrazavi (eds.), An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia, vol. 4 (London: I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2012). Note: The translation of this text in this volume is slightly abridged. For the complete translation, see https://www.academia.edu/8101330/Sadr_al-Din_Qunawi_The_Texts_al-Nusus_ date=20210628154641 - Aqa Muhammad Rida Qumsha'i,  On the Oneness of Existence, or Rather, the Existent and Addendum to the Ringstone on Seth from 'The Ringstones of Wisdom': On the Topics of Friendship. date=20210628031411  Translated in Seyyed Hossein Nasr and Mehdi Aminrazavi (eds.), An Anthology of Philosophy in Persia, vol. 5 (London: I.B. Tauris in association with The Institute of Ismaili Studies, 2015).-  Rashid al-Din Maybudi, select translations from The Unveiling of the Mysteries and the Provision of the Pious date=20210624201459  (Louisville: Fons Vitae, 2015). Also available online at  Altafsir.com date=20210425163224 .- Aḥmad Samʿānī, The Repose of the Spirits: A Sufi Commentary on the Divine Names. Translated and Introduced (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2019).

**另見**
村田幸子
蘇菲主義
魯米
伊本·阿拉比

**腳註**

**外部鏈接**
 Personal Website date=20210628002053 -  All of Chittick's articles, as well as a number of his translations and interviews with him (downloadable for free)- "Mysticism in Islam" - lecture delivered at the Center for International Studies, Brigham Young University, May 2003 date=20080518081802 - Free recording the 2001 Paths to the Heart Conference – lecture and Q&A section date=20160705024213 - Audio lecture on the Myth of the Fall of Adam in Ahmad Sam'ani's Refreshment of Spirits date=20210211184409 .- An article on Chittick's understanding of self and cosmos date=20160303231448 .