卡爾·格什曼

卡爾·格什曼（Carl Gershman，）是美國政治人物，自1984年以來一直擔任美國國家民主基金會主席。里根擔任美國總統期間，格什曼曾擔任United States Ambassador to the United Nations Human Rights Council。

**政治活動**
2020年8月10日，為了報復美國財政部宣佈制裁林鄭月娥等11名侵犯人權及損害香港自治的中港官員，中華人民共和國外交部發言人趙立堅宣佈，對格什曼等11名支持香港民主運動的美國議員及民間人士實施制裁。

**榮譽**

**外國勳章獎章**
 騎士級波蘭共和國功績勳章 - 60px 修交勳章興仁章（韓國，2011年12月30日批准）- 60px 大綬景星勳章（中華民國，2019年12月10日批准，同日於臺北頒發）

**獎項**
 國際聲援西藏運動真相獎 - 喬治·華盛頓大學總統獎 

**出版物**
 Citation|title=The foreign policy of American labor|series=SAGE policy papers|volume=3|first=Carl|last=Gershman|publisher=賽吉出版公司|others=戰略與國際研究中心, 喬治城大學, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29)|date=December 1975|isbn=978-0-8039-0572-6|pages= 1–82|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofa0000gers/page/1  Citation|title=The foreign policy of American labor|series=SAGE policy papers|volume=3|first=Carl|last=Gershman|publisher=賽吉出版公司|others=戰略與國際研究中心, 喬治城大學, Washington D.C. (Washington Papers 29)|date=December 1975|isbn=978-0-8039-0572-6|pages= 1–82|ref=harv|url=https://archive.org/details/foreignpolicyofa0000gers/page/1   - ref=harv  - ref=harv  - dead-url=no  - Cite journal|title=Ferment in civil society (Can Cuba change?)|url=http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Gutierrez-20-1.pdf|last=Gershman|first=Carl|last2=Gutierrez|first2=Orlando|date=January 2009|journal=民主期刊|accessdate=August 13, 2011|doi=10.1353/jod.0.0051|volume=20|pages=36–54|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918225042/http://www.journalofdemocracy.org/articles/gratis/Gutierrez-20-1.pdf|archivedate=2009-09-18|ref=harv|number=1|dead-url=yes  - dead-url=no  

**參考文獻**

**外部來源**
 Cite journal|title=The holy alliance: Ronald Reagan and John Paul II; How Reagan and the Pope conspired to assist Poland's Solidarity movement and hasten the demise of Communism  (Cover story)|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974931,00.html|last=Bernstein|first=Carl|authorlink=Carl Bernstein|date=February 24, 1992|journal=時代雜誌|edition=U.S.|pages=28–35|format=|ref=harv|access-date=2020-08-10|archive-date=2013-08-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130825204409/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,974931,00.html|dead-url=yes- Citation|title=Supporting the revolution: America, democracy, and the end of the Cold War in Poland, 1981–1989|first=Gregory F.|last=Domber|year=2008|isbn=978-0-549-38516-5|pages=1–506|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Grtub61ScTgC|format=Ph.D. dissertation (September 12, 2007), 喬治·華盛頓大學|ref=harv|id= Winner of the "2009 Betty M. Unterberger Prize for Best Dissertation on United States Foreign Policy from the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations"|accessdate=2020-08-10|archive-date=2016-05-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160520024917/https://books.google.com/books?id=Grtub61ScTgC|dead-url=no  Revised and incorporated in dead-url=no- ref=harv- ref=harv- number=5- ref=harv- dead-url=no- dead-url=yes- dead-url=no- pages=- Citation|first=Dale|last=Reed|url=http://cdn.calisphere.org/data/13030/1b/tf167n981b/files/tf167n981b.pdf|title=Register of the Carl Gershman papers|publisher=胡佛研究所 Archives, Stanford University|place=Stanford, CA|year=1999|access-date=2011-08-13|ref=harv|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807055652/http://cdn.calisphere.org/data/13030/1b/tf167n981b/files/tf167n981b.pdf|archivedate=2011-08-07|dead-url=yes- dead-url=no- Citation|url=http://www.ned.org/about/board/meet-our-president|last=Anonymous|publisher=美國國家民主基金會|title=Meet our President|access-date=2011-08-13|ref=harv|archive-date=2015-06-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150629021713/http://www.ned.org/about/board/meet-our-president|dead-url=no- Citation|first=Maxine|last=McKew|author-link=Maxine McKew|title=Carl Gershman: America's democrat|date=August 20, 2006|url=http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1718024.htm|access-date=2011-08-13|ref=harv|series=Sunday Profiles|publisher=澳大利亞廣播公司 (ABC)|place=Australia|archive-date=2016-08-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818002403/http://www.abc.net.au/sundayprofile/stories/s1718024.htm|dead-url=no- dead-url=yes