三元論 (神學)

在基督教神學中，三元論（Tripartite）認為人是三個不同部分組成的複合體：身體（body）、靈（spirit）和魂（soul）。另一種觀點二元論（bipartite）則認為魂和靈只是同一實體（靈魂）的不同表達。

**三元論的支持者**
以下許多神學家都見於路易·伯克富（Louis Berkhof）的《系統神學》、 史特朗（Augustus H. Strong）的《系統神學》、 簡·雅各布·範·奧斯特茲（Jan Jacob van Oosterzee）的《基督教教義》（Christian Dogmatics）、 約翰·比克福德·赫德（John Bickford Heard）的《人的三重性》(Tripartite Nature of Man),和亨利·德·呂巴克（Henri de Lubac）的《歷史與精神》。。

**參見**
 二元論- 人論- Christian psychology- 一元論

**參考**
The Ante-Nicene Fathers. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Reprint. 10 Vols. Peabody: Hendrickson, 1994.
*Alford, Henry. The New Testament for English Readers. 2 Vols. London: Rivingtons, 1872.
*Augustine. Confessions: Books I-XIII. Trans. F. J. Sheed. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub., 1993.
*Berkhof, Louis. Systematic Theology. Eerdmans, 1996.
*Boardman, George D. "The Scriptural Anthropology." Baptist Quarterly Vol. 1 (1867): 177–190, 325–340, 428–444.
*Delitzsch, Franz. A System of Biblical Psychology. Trans. Robert E. Wallis. 2nd, English ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1885.
*Ellicott, C. J. The Destiny of the Creature. London: Longmans, Green, 1865.
*Good, Roger. "The Parts of Man in Translation." Affirmation and Critique II.4 (October 1997).
*Good, Roger. "The Progressive Revelation of Man." Affirmation and Critique III.1 (January 1998).
*Heard, John Bickford. The Tripartite Nature of Man. 2nd ed. Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1868.
*Hendry, George S. The Holy Spirit in Christian Theology. Philadelphia: Westminster, 1956.
*Hodge, Charles. Systematic Theology. Ed. Edward N. Gross. Abridged ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1992.
*"Is Man Tripartite or Bipartite?" Catholic Answers. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 May 2017.
*Kelley, John N. D. Early Christian Doctrines. 5th, revised ed. London: Continuum, 1977.
*Lang, G. H. Firstfruits and Harvest: A Study in Resurrection and Rapture. Miami Springs, FL: Conley & Schoettle Pub., 1985.
*Layton, Richard A. Didymus the Blind and His Circle in Late-antique Alexandria. Urbana: University of Illinois, 2004
*Lee, Witness. The Spirit With Our Spirit. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1994.
*Lee, Witness. The Knowledge of Life. 2nd ed. Anaheim: Living Stream Ministry, 1988.
*Lubac, Henri De. History and Spirit: The Understanding of Scripture According to Origen. San Francisco: Ignatius, 2007.
*Marais, J. I. "Psychology." International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Grand Rapids: W.B. Eerdmans Pub., 1939.
*McDonough, Mary E. God's Plan of Redemption. Bournemouth: Overcomer Book Room, 1922.
*Nee, Watchman. The Spiritual Man. New York: Christian Fellowship, 1968.
*Oehler, Gust Fr. Theology of the Old Testament. Trans. George Edward Day. 2nd ed. New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1884.
*Pelikan, Jaroslav. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine, Vol. 1: The Emergence of the Catholic Tradition (100–600). Chicago: University of Chicago, 1971.
*Pember, G. H. Earth's Earliest Ages. London: Pickering & Inglis, 1900.
*Pester, John. "The Human Spirit in the Experience of the Triune God." Affirmation and Critique I.2 (April 1996).
*Pink, Arthur W. Gleanings in Genesis. Paperback ed. Chicago, IL: Moody, 1922.
*Scofield, C. I. The New Scofield Reference Bible. New York: Oxford UP, 1967.
*Schaff, Philip. History of the Christian Church. Vol 3. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1979.
*Stalker, James. Christian Psychology. New York and London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1914.
*Strong, Augustus H. Systematic Theology. Valley Forge, PA: Judson, 1907.
*Van Oosterzee, Jan Jacob. Christian Dogmatics. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1874.
*Woodward, John B. Man as Spirit, Soul, and Body: A Study of Biblical Psychology. Pigeon Forge, TN.: Grace Fellowship International, 2007.

**外部鏈接**
  The Tripartite Makeup of Man date=20210428174414  (wholereason.com)-  Tripartite Man date=20211224003834  (tripartiteman.org)-  The Collected Works of Watchman Nee date=20220111201008