弗雷德里克·布朗奈爾

弗雷德里克·高登·布朗奈爾（Frederick Gordon Brownell，catIdx=Brownell），南非紋章學家、旗幟學家及系譜學家。
布朗奈爾是納米比亞及南非的國旗設計者p=92。

**家庭與早年生活**
布朗奈爾於1940年3月8日在南非奧蘭治自由邦省的伯利恆出生。1957年，布隆方丹的聖安德魯學校錄取了他。布朗奈爾在空軍體育館內的一個摩托艇中隊（海空救援）服志願役，之後他前往格拉罕鎮的Rhodes University修讀歷史與社會人類學，並於1961年獲得文學學士學位。隨後，他於1965年在南非大學完成了歷史榮譽學位，並於1977年獲得同一所大學的文學碩士學位（優異成績），題目為《1946年至1970年英國人移民到南非》。
1962年9月29日，他與於Rhodes University內認識的克里斯汀·德·維利埃在比勒陀利亞結婚，他們兩人合共有三個女兒。

**事業**
1962年1月2日，布朗奈爾加入移民局擔任行政幹事。在1965年至1969年期間，他曾先後擔任阿塔奇（移民局）助理，以及南非駐倫敦大使館領事。
隨後，他於1977年8月1日加入國家教育部（即後來的藝術、文化、科學與技術部），擔任紋章局的國家紋章專家助理。1982年5月1日，他晉升為國家紋章專家，直至2002年退休。
布朗奈爾在1990年設計了許多紋章、徽章以及旗幟，其中包括納米比亞的國徽及國旗。在1993年／1994年，他設計了現今的南非國旗，其中有一個三臂交彙的“丫”字圖案，稱為“紋章中的陰影”，象徵著未來的南非將由不同文化融合而成。後來，他又為南非新的省級政府設計了紋章1993。1999年，布朗奈爾獲得總統納爾遜·曼德拉頒發的Order for Meritorious Service，以表彰他在南非國旗設計中所扮演的角色，到後來又因為曾於1995年及2015年推廣旗幟學的傑出旗幟獎而再次獲得優秀服務獎，是唯一兩次獲得優秀服務獎的人。此外，他還發表了許多關於紋章及旗幟的文章與書籍。布朗奈爾亦獲得不少榮譽與獎項。

**晚年與逝世**
退休後不久，布朗奈爾與他的妻子搬到比勒陀利亞東南部的紐蘭茲公園養老院。他仍然是Southern African Vexillological Association的積極會員，並完成了關於南非軍事色彩的SAVA期刊系列（1994年4月16日至26日）。此外，他於2015年9月在比勒陀利亞大學人文學院獲得哲學博士學位，論文題目為《融合與統一：歷史視角下的南非國旗（1994年）》，介紹了設計現今南非國旗的過程以及他在當中發揮的作用。
早在2019年初，他就被診斷出患有胰腺癌。2019年5月10日，他在家人陪伴下於家中逝世，享年79歲。

**出版物**
布朗奈爾的作品包括：

**書籍**
 display-authors=0- Nasionale en Provinsiale Simbole en Flora- en Fauna-embleme van die Republiek van Suid-Afrika, C. van Rensburg Publications. 1993 9780868460758- National symbols of the Republic of South Africa, Chris van Rensburg Publications, 1995- dead-url=no- dead-url=no- display-authors=0- Consolidated index to the South African Armorial (1989, 1990, 1992, 1997, 2001)- Index to local and regional authorities which have registered arms, badges and seals with the Bureau of Heraldry (1990, 1991, 1997)- Alphabetical index to South African Defence Force heraldic representations registered with the Bureau of Heraldry (1991, 1997, 2000)- Names, Uniforms and Badges – a computerised record of the registrations under the Protection of Names, Uniforms and Badges Act, 1935, Vols. 1 – 4 (2000)

**期刊文章與報告**
 Report on the Transformation of National Orders in South Africa, co-authored with Dr Y Muthien and General L Moloi, 1998- South African Military Colours – 1664 to 26 April 1994 Part II Vol.1 – Military Colours of the Union Defence Forces and of the South African Defence Force : 1 July 1912 to 30 May 1961, co-authored with Prof H H Smith, SAVA Journal SJ: 8/99, December 1999 0-620-30685-8- South African Military Colours – 1664 to 26 April 1994 Part II Vol.2 – Military Colours of the Union Defence Forces and of the South African Defence Force : 1 July 1912 to 30 May 1961 : Colours devised for the Commandos of the South African Defence Forces prior to World War II, co-authored with Prof H H Smith, SAVA Journal SJ:9, July 2005 0-620-34701-5- South African Military Colours – 1664 to 26 April 1994 Part III Vol. 1 – Military Colours of the South African Defence Force 31 May 1961 to 26 April 1994 : The National Colour and Colours devised for the South African Army, co-authored with Prof H H Smith, SAVA Journal SJ:10, June 2011 978-0-620-50804-9- South African Military Colours – 1664 to 26 April 1994 Part III Vol. 2 – Military Colours of the South African Defence Force 31 May 1961 to 26 April 1994 : Colours devised for the South African Air Force, Navy, Medical Service and the South African Police, co-authored with Prof H H Smith, SAVA Journal SJ:11, December 2017 978-0-6399231-0-9- The Union Jack over Southern and Central Africa, 1795 – 1994, SAVA Journal SJ: 3/94, October 1994 0-620-18833-2- Some Southern African Flags, 1949 – 1991, SAVA Journal SJ: 1/92, April 1992 0-620-16598-7- Symbolism in the coats of arms of Special Schools for the Cerebral Palsied, in Education and Culture, II, 2, June 1978- The Bureau of Heraldry, its establishment, functions and procedures, in Education and Culture, V, I, March/June 1982- Heraldry in South Africa, in Optima, Vol. 32, 4, December 1984 (subsequently reprinted in The New Zealand Armiger, 18, December 1990)- Finnish Influence on South African Heraldic Design, in the Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, Helsinki, 1984- Historic Flags of South Africa, in the Report of the 11th International Congress of Vexillology, Madrid, 1985- Heraldry in Natal, in Natalia, 17, December 1987- New Southern African Flags, in the Proceedings of the 12th International Congress of Vexillology, 1987, published in The Flag Bulletin, XVIII, 1 – 4/130, Jan – Aug 1990- The Evolution of the Coat of Arms and Flags of South West Africa and Namibia, published in 8 parts in Archives News, XXXII, 11 May 1990 – XXXIII, 6, December 1990- Kruger Gray's bookplate for South Africa House, London, in Africana Society of Pretoria, Yearbook 8, 1990- Symbols for Namibia, in The Flag Bulletin, XXXI, 1 – 2/145, Jan – April 1992- Heraldic adaptation in the Southern African context, in Genealogica & Heraldica, the Proceedings of the 20th International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, Uppsala, 1992- The flags of the Diggers' Republic, in Fahnen Flags Drapeaux, the Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Vexillology, Zurich, 1993- Some Bookplates in the Brenthurst Library, in Brenthurst Archives, I, 1, 1994- The design of the new South African national flag, SABS Bulletin, XIII, 3, May/June 1994 (subsequently reprinted in the Journal of the Dental Association of South Africa, Vol. 49, II, November 1994)-  Creating an interim flag for South Africa, in The Flag Bulletin, XXXIII, 3/158, May – June 1994 (co-authored with B B Berry, D de Waal and T Stylianides)- The evolution of a distinctive South African heraldic idiom, 1963–1996, in Genealogica & Heraldica, the Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, Ottawa, 1996- The Cartoonist's view of the South African National Flag, in Flags in Southern Africa and the World, the Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Vexillology, Cape Town, 1997 0 620 24397 X- The Seal of the Republic of South Africa – a little oversight?, in Arma (New Series), Vol. 4, 1–2, December 1998- Flags of the Uniformed and other services in the former African 'Homelands' of South Africa, in Flags from Sea to Sea, the Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Vexillology, Victoria, British Columbia, 1999

**參見**
 南非紋章局- International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences- 旗幟學協會國際聯盟- Southern African Vexillological Association

**參考文獻**
引用
來源- Arma Vol 7 No 1 (2002)- isbn=978-0-620-28903-0- isbn=978-1-61230-749-7