SoFi體育場

SoFi體育場（SoFi Stadium，又稱索菲體育場），是一個位於美國加利福尼亞州英格爾伍德的露天體育場和娛樂綜合體，位於前好萊塢公園賽馬場和洛杉磯論壇的所在地，於2020年9月正式啟用，由美國富商斯坦·克倫克的克倫克體育娛樂公司耗資超過50億美元興建，是全球造價最高的體育場館，設有超過7萬個座位，最高可容納逾10萬觀眾。美國SoFi公司以每年4000萬美元取得了該體育場20年的冠名權。
該場館是美國國家美式足球聯盟（NFL）洛杉磯公羊和洛杉磯閃電的主場，曾承辦超級碗、摔角狂熱等重大體育賽事及各種大型演唱會、音樂節等娛樂活動，也是2026年國際足協世界盃、2028年夏季奧林匹克運動會的主要場館之一。

**設計**
西北側入口，進入SoFi體育場和YouTube劇場之間的美國航空廣場
東側入口SoFi體育場綜合體由HKS設計，面積為310萬平方英尺（288,500平方米），主要由三個部分組成：擁有70000個座位的SoFi體育場、2.5英畝的美國航空廣場，以及擁有6000個座位的演出場地YouTube劇院，三者通過統一的屋頂結構相連。體育場上方有一個有著獨立支撐物的透明頂棚，可以完全覆蓋該建築綜合體。這個頂棚面積高達數百萬平方英尺，由302個ETFE面板組成，其中46個可以被控制展開以提供通風。
體育場外觀為銀白色，由超過35,000塊陽極氧化鋁板組成，屋頂結構形式由空間殼體結構和中部空間拉索結構組成，其中1450噸，75,000英尺長的拉索系統，規模為世界之最。由於場地距離洛杉磯國際機場僅三英里，受到航空高度限制，場館的座位建造於地下100英尺處，可容納70,240名觀眾參加大多數活動，包括13,000間高級座位和260間豪華套房，還可以為大型活動額外增加30,000個座位。體育場內安裝了一塊價值200萬英鎊的雙面橢圓形的環形螢幕，由三星電子製造，重量約為220萬磅（約1000噸），面積約為70,000平方英尺（6500平方米），具有8000萬像素，是目前全球體育場館最大的LED顯示螢幕及唯一的雙面中央懸掛式螢幕，可以從場館的任何地方向觀眾提供即時視覺和資訊。

**獎項**
Sofi體育場獲得了一系列的工程獎項，包括- 2021年凡爾賽獎- StadiumDB年度體育館獎項- 美國土木工程師協會的2021年傑出建築工程獎- West Basin市政水務頒發的傑出行動獎

**歷史**

**地點選定**
The stadium site was previously home to Hollywood Park, later sold and referred to as Betfair Hollywood Park, which was a thoroughbred race course from 1938 until it was shut down for racing and training in December 2013. Most of the complex was demolished in 2014 to make way for new construction with the rest demolished in late 2016 after the Hollywood Park Casino, which remained open after the track itself closed, moved to a new building. The current stadium was not the first stadium proposed for the site. The site was almost home to an NFL stadium two decades earlier. In May 1995, after the departure of the Rams for St. Louis, the National Football League team owners approved, by a 27–1 vote with two abstentions, a resolution supporting a plan to build a $200 million, privately funded stadium on property owned by Hollywood Park for the Los Angeles Raiders. Al Davis, who was then the Raiders owner, balked and refused the deal over a stipulation that he would have had to accept a second team at the stadium.
On January 31, 2014, the Los Angeles Times reported that Stan Kroenke, owner of the St. Louis Rams, purchased a adj=on parcel of land just north of the Hollywood Park site in the area that had been studied by the National Football League in the past for the 1995 Raiders proposal and that the league at one point attempted to purchase. This set off immediate speculation as to what Kroenke's intentions were for the site: After the site's former Hollywood Park owners gave up on getting an NFL stadium for the site in the mid-2000s it was sold and planned to be a Walmart Supercenter; however, in 2014, most of the speculation centered on the site as a possible stadium site or training facility for the Rams. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell represented that Kroenke informed the league of the purchase. As an NFL owner, any purchase of land in which a potential stadium could be built must be disclosed to the league. Speculation about the Rams' returning to their home of nearly fifty years had already been discussed when Kroenke was one of the finalists in bidding for ownership in the Los Angeles Dodgers, but speculation increased when the news broke that the Rams owner had a possible stadium site in hand.
2015 aerial view of former racetrack and complex site, with the Downtown Los Angeles skyline in background
Nearly a year went by without a word from Kroenke about his intentions for the land, as he failed to ever address the St. Louis media, or the Hollywood Park Land Company, about what the site may be used for. There was, however, speculation about the future of the Rams franchise until it was reported that the National Football League would not be allowing any franchise relocation for the 2015 season.
On January 5, 2015, Stockbridge Capital Group, the owners of the Hollywood Park Land Company, announced that it had partnered with Kroenke Sports & Entertainment to add the northern adj=on parcel to the rest of the development project and build a multi-purpose 70,240-seat stadium designed for the NFL. The project would include the stadium and a performance arts venue attached to the stadium with up to 6,000 seats. The previously approved Hollywood Park development was reconfigured to fit the stadium, and included plans for up to sqft of retail, sqft of office space, 2,500 new residential units, a luxury hotel with over 300 rooms, acre of public parks, playgrounds, open space, a lake, and pedestrian, bicycle, and mass-transit access for future services. On February 24, 2015, the Inglewood City Council approved plans with a 5–0 unanimous vote to combine the adj=on plot of land with the larger Hollywood Park development and rezone the area to include sports and entertainment capabilities. This essentially cleared the way for developers to begin construction on the venue as planned in December 2015.
It was reported in early February 2015 that "earth was being moved" and the site was being graded in preparation for the construction that would begin later in the year.
The project was competing directly with a rival proposal. On February 19, 2015, the Oakland Raiders and the San Diego Chargers announced plans for a privately financed $1.85 billion stadium that the two teams would have built in Carson if they were to move to the Los Angeles market. The project was, like the Inglewood project, also approved to move forward and cleared for development. The two projects spent the remainder of 2015 jockeying for the right to get approved by the NFL.

**建設**
The Forum. The new Hollywood Park Casino is in the foreground.
The NFL approved the Inglewood proposal and the Rams' relocation back to Los Angeles, 30–2, on January 12, 2016, over the rival proposal. On July 14, 2016, it was announced that Turner Construction and AECOM Hunt would oversee construction of the stadium and that the architectural firm HKS, Inc. would design the stadium. On October 19, 2016, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) determined that a adj=on tall LB 44 rotary drill rig would not pose a hazard to air navigation, so it approved the first of several pieces of heavy equipment to be used during construction. The stadium design had been under review by the FAA for more than a year because of concerns about how the structure would interact with radar at nearby Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). On December 16, 2016, it was reported in Sports Business Journal that the FAA had declined to issue permits for cranes needed to build the structure. "We’re not going to evaluate any crane applications until our concerns with the overall project are resolved," said FAA spokesman Ian Gregor. The FAA had previously recommended building the stadium at another site because of the risks posed to LAX—echoing concerns raised by former United States Secretary of Homeland Security Tom Ridge. The Rams held the groundbreaking construction ceremony at the stadium site on November 17, 2016. The ceremony featured NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell and Rams' owner Stan Kroenke. On December 23, 2016, the FAA approved the large construction cranes to build the stadium.
On May 18, 2017, developers announced that record rainfall in the area had postponed the stadium's completion and opening from 2019 until the 2020 NFL season. On August 8, 2017, the LA Stadium Premiere Center opened in Playa Vista, featuring interactive multimedia displays and models showcasing the design and features of the new stadium (with a particular focus on prospective buyers of premium suites and seats at the facility).
In March 2018, the NFL announced that it would relocate its NFL Media unit (which manages the NFL's in-house media units, including NFL Network, digital properties, and NFL Films among other units) from Culver City to a new adj=on facility neighboring the stadium in the Hollywood Park development including a studio capable of hosting audiences, as well as an outdoor studio. The new facility was completed in 2021. On June 26, 2018, the new stadium was ceremonially topped out.
As of August 2019, one year before the planned opening, Rams chief operating officer Kevin Demoff stated that the stadium was 75 percent complete.
The almost-completed stadium in July 2020
In January 2020, Demoff announced that construction was 85 percent complete, with roof and oculus work, as well as seat installation, still in progress. In February 2020, a large crane collapsed—no one was injured. Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home orders issued by the California state government in March 2020, construction (exempted as a critical infrastructure project) continued with social distancing and heightened health and safety standards. Demoff acknowledged that there was a possibility that its completion could be delayed, explaining that it was "not the time you want to be finishing a stadium, in this environment as you prepare", but that "our stadium, and I believe the Raiders' stadium as well, will both be amazing when they are finished and when they will begin play, which will certainly happen in the near future, whether that's in July, August, September, in 2021". Five construction workers were reported to have tested positive, including an ironworker who had worked in an assembly area away from the structure, and a backfill operator who had worked in an "isolated area outside the building" and had not entered it. On June 5, 2020, construction on the facility was temporarily halted after an ironworker fell to his death through a hole in the roof created by the removal of a panel for maintenance. On June 9, 2020, construction on the facility resumed everywhere but the roof.

**取消或延期開幕暨第一場活動**
Interior of SoFi Stadium in November 2021
SoFi Stadium during the day in March 2021
The entirety of the NFL preseason was also cancelled; the Rams held their first practice at the stadium on August 22, 2020. On August 25, the Chargers and Rams announced that all games at the stadium would be held behind closed doors "until further notice". An official ribbon-cutting ceremony was hosted on September 8, ahead of its first NFL event on September 13—featuring the Rams hosting the Dallas Cowboys in the first Sunday-night game of the season. The first athletic contest with spectators present occurred on May 15, 2021, with LA Giltinis defeating Utah Warriors, 38–27, in a Major League Rugby match before 4,880 spectators. The Los Angeles Rams hosted the Chicago Bears for the first NFL regular-season game at the stadium with fans in attendance on September 12.
All of the originally announced summer concerts at the venue were cancelled or postponed by the pandemic, including a two-night stop on Taylor Swift's Lover Fest tour on July 25 and 26, 2020 (originally announced as the stadium's grand opening and later cancelled), and tours by Guns N' Roses (2020 Tour), Kenny Chesney (Chillaxification Tour), Tim McGraw (Here on Earth Tour), Mötley Crüe, and Def Leppard (The Stadium Tour). 
On May 2, 2021, the stadium hosted its first major event with spectators present, the filming of the Global Citizen-organized concert special Vax Live: The Concert to Reunite the World, hosted by Selena Gomez and featuring Jennifer Lopez, Eddie Vedder, the Foo Fighters, H.E.R., J Balvin and the Duke of Sussex, which aimed to promote COVID-19 vaccination. 
After COVID-19 restrictions were eased, SoFi Stadium hosted its first in-person concert event by American DJ Kaskade on July 17. Mexican regional music group Los Bukis kicked off their reunion tour on August 27 and 28, filling the stadium to capacity.
The Rolling Stones held two concerts on October 14 and 17. South Korean band BTS held a series of four concerts, titled Permission to Dance on Stage—LA, at the stadium on November 27–28 and December 1–2.

**命名**
2019年9月15日，個人金融公司SoFi以每年3000萬美元的價格購得新體育場20年的冠名權，命名為SoFi體育場（SoFi Stadium）。
In May 2019, the personal finance company SoFi Technologies, Inc. (the parent company of Social Finance, Inc) closed $500 million in a single funding round led by Qatar Investment Authority. On September 15, 2019, it was announced that  SoFi had acquired the naming rights to the new stadium under a 20-year deal valued at over $30 million per-year, a record for any naming rights for a sports venue. The company became an official partner of both the Rams and the Chargers, as well as a partner of the performance venue and surrounding entertainment district.
The covered open space formerly known as Champions Plaza between the playing field and the performance venue within the stadium was officially named American Airlines Plaza. The airline was named the first founding partner on August 6, 2019.
The performance venue was officially named YouTube Theater on June 28, 2021.

**資金**
The stadium was built privately, but as of 2015, the developer was seeking significant tax breaks from Inglewood.reason=Article cited is from 2015
At the commencement of construction, the cost of the stadium was estimated at $2.66 billion. But internal league documents, produced by the NFL in March 2018, indicated a need to raise the debt ceiling for the stadium and facility to a total of $4.963 billion, making it the most expensive sports venue ever built. Team owners voted to approve this new debt ceiling at a meeting that same month. In May 2020, another $500 million in loans was approved by the NFL and the owners.

**隊伍**
The St. Louis Rams were first to commit to moving to the stadium, as NFL approval for their relocation to Los Angeles was obtained on January 12, 2016. The approval, as part of a concession made by Kroenke to get the stadium project and Rams relocation approved, also gave the San Diego Chargers the first option to relocate to Los Angeles and share the stadium with the Rams, conditioned on a negotiated lease agreement between the two teams. The option would have expired on January 15, 2017, at which time the Oakland Raiders would have acquired the same option. The Raiders eventually relocated to Las Vegas, Nevada, after having played a combined 47 years in Oakland (first from 1960 to 1981, and then again from 1995 to 2019).
On January 29, 2016, the Chargers and Rams came to an agreement in principle to share the stadium. Both teams would contribute a $200 million stadium loan from the NFL and personal seat license fees to the construction costs and would pay $1 per year in rent to the facility's controlling entity, StadCo LA, LLC. The same day, Chargers chairman and CEO Dean Spanos announced the team would remain in San Diego for the 2016 NFL season, while continuing to work with local government on a new stadium. Measure C (the Chargers stadium proposal) did not receive the requisite number of votes required for passage.
On January 12, 2017, the Chargers exercised their option and announced plans to relocate to Los Angeles for the 2017 season, making the Chargers the second tenant at the stadium and returning them to the market where they played their inaugural season in 1960.
The Chargers and Rams’ move into the stadium marked the return of major professional sports to Inglewood for the first time since the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings left The Forum for Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles in May 1999.
SoFi Stadium is the first venue in the long 1936-year history of the Rams to be specifically designed for the team. In their years in Cleveland, the team had multiple stadium shares with high school teams and the baseball Indians, while the Los Angeles Coliseum was built two decades before the arrival of the team, and baseball's Anaheim Stadium had to be converted to also host football. Finally, The Dome at America's Center in St. Louis was built on speculation to host an NFL franchise, and not specifically to take in the Rams.
Major League Rugby team LA Giltinis played the first rugby match in the stadium on May 15, 2021.

**主要活動**

**NFL**

**第五十六屆超級盃**
Pre-game warmups before Super Bowl LVI
SoFi Stadium hosted Super Bowl LVI on February 13, 2022, marking the first Super Bowl to be played in the Los Angeles area since Super Bowl XXVII in 1993. The stadium was originally awarded Super Bowl LV (2021) at an NFL owners' meeting in May 2016; in May 2017, because the stadium's opening was delayed to 2020, the NFL chose to re-award Super Bowl LV to Raymond James Stadium in Tampa (which was the remaining city in a pool of four used to determine the hosts of Super Bowl LIII through LV), and award LVI to Los Angeles instead. Because issues may need to be addressed in an inaugural season, the NFL does not allow a stadium to host the Super Bowl during its first season of operation.
In 2022, SoFi Stadium became the first stadium to host a conference championship game and the Super Bowl in the same year. With the Rams winning the 2021 NFC Championship Game, they became only the second team to play a Super Bowl in their home stadium, although the Rams were the away team, since the AFC (Cincinnati Bengals) was the designated home team. With the Rams' victory in Super Bowl LVI, the stadium also became the second stadium to see their main tenant win the Super Bowl.

**大學橄欖球**

**大學橄欖球季後賽全國冠軍**
On November 1, 2017, it was announced that the stadium will host the 2023 College Football Playoff National Championship. The winners of the Peach and Fiesta Bowls in 2023 will play on January 9, 2023.

**LA Bowl**
The Mountain West and Pac-12 conferences play a bowl game at SoFi Stadium known as the LA Bowl (officially known as the Jimmy Kimmel LA Bowl presented by Stifel). The conference tie-ins for the game moved from the Las Vegas Bowl. The inaugural edition of the game in 2021 featured Utah State defeating Oregon State 24–13.

**足球**

**2026年國際足總世界盃**
A local bid for Los Angeles in the 2026 FIFA World Cup was organized by private businesses led by AEG with assistance from the Los Angeles Sports and Entertainment District Commission (SoFi Stadium), LAFC, the LA Galaxy, and Rose Bowl Stadium. The Los Angeles City Council approved the bid after private businesses showed support and offered to pay hosting costs. The SoFi Stadium was not selected as a bidding venue in the winning Canada–Mexico–United States bid because the organizing committee left unbuilt venues out of its final evaluations. The United Bid committee stated they would re-evaluate the stadium selection process and re-visit SoFi Stadium as their main option stadium in the Los Angeles Metro area in mid-2021. The American bid to host the World Cup was awarded by FIFA on June 13, 2018.

**2028年夏季奧運會**
SoFi Stadium (which, per prior precedent, will be renamed for the duration of the Games according to sponsorship rules) will host the opening and closing ceremonies of 2028 Summer Olympics and Paralympics (with organizers proposing a split format for the Olympics that would also incorporate the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum). The stadium will also host archery and soccer (football) matches.

**摔角狂熱**
In February 2020, WWE announced that SoFi Stadium would host WrestleMania 37—the 2021 edition of its flagship professional wrestling pay-per-view—on March 28, 2021. The Los Angeles Times had previously reported in April 2019 that SoFi Stadium was a "front-runner" to host a future edition of the event. As WrestleMania 36 in 2020 was not held as an in-person event at Raymond James Stadium due to COVID-19, WWE announced on January 16, 2021, that Inglewood's hosting of the event would be deferred to WrestleMania 39 on April 2, 2023, in favor of hosting WrestleMania 37 in Tampa instead. WrestleMania 39 will mark the sixth time that WrestleMania has been held in the Greater Los Angeles area, having last hosted it in 2005 at Staples Center.

**演唱會**

**好萊塢公園**
The stadium is located in Hollywood Park, an entertainment complex and master-planned neighborhood named after the former horse racing track that sat on the site. Hollywood Park consists of over sqm that will be used for office space and condominiums, a 12-screen Cinepolis movie theater, ballrooms, outdoor spaces for community programming, retail, a fitness center, a luxury hotel, a brewery, up-scale restaurants and an open-air shopping and entertainment complex. Immediately adjacent to the stadium is Rivers Lake with a waterfall and fountain. The first establishment to open in Hollywood Park was the new Hollywood Park Casino, which opened on October 21, 2016.

**洛杉磯足聯**
Hollywood Park is the home of NFL Los Angeles, the league's West Coast headquarters. Previously based in Culver City, a adj=on building next to the stadium houses office operations for hundreds of NFL Media employees that work for NFL RedZone, NFL.com and the NFL app. The building is also the home of NFL Network and many other department's supporting the league's media and business operations. In addition to office and studio space of which there are five soundstages, the facility features NFL Media's first outdoor studio and space to host studio audiences. The NFL Los Angeles campus opened on September 8, 2021.

**YouTube電影院**
體育場頂棚的東南角附有一個能容納6,000人的YouTube Theater。
第一個安排的活動是墨西哥搖滾樂隊Caifanes於2021年9月的音樂會。

**交通資訊**

**大眾運輸**
Rams fans at Hawthorne/Lennox station
The stadium is accessible from bus shuttles to two nearby Los Angeles Metro Rail lines: the C Line at Hawthorne/Lennox station and the K Line at Downtown Inglewood station. These shuttle services operate every five to eight minutes starting three hours prior to kickoff time, and continuing until ninety minutes after the game's conclusion.
A second game-day shuttle line, operated by the city of Gardena's GTrans municipal bus service, originates from the Harbor Gateway Transit Center in Gardena, traveling to SoFi Stadium, with connections to the C Line's Hawthorne/Lennox station. SoFi Stadium is also accessible by Metro lines 115, 117, 211, 212, and Torrance Transit line 10.date=November 2022
The city of Inglewood and Los Angeles Metro began talks to build an mi automated people mover line that will connect the Downtown Inglewood K Line station with SoFi Stadium, as well as the Forum and the Intuit Dome, the future Los Angeles Clippers basketball arena just south of the Hollywood Park site. The Inglewood Transit Connector will be operated by the city, in conjunction with Metro, and was planned to open in 2027, one year prior to the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. However, the Federal Transit Administration reports that the people mover is not expected to open for revenue service until early 2030.
	

**流行文化**
 On September 9, 2020, the stadium's construction was the subject of a two-hour special called NFL Super Stadiums on Science Channel.
*In December 2021, the stadium was used as the venue for the Influencer Games, a YouTube Originals miniseries hosted by MrBeast (real name Jimmy Donaldson). The first video showed Jimmy put famous YouTubers and TikTokers against each other in a series of mini-games in various parts of the stadium complex, including in YouTube Theater. After that, the second video showed the remaining contestants play a game of hide and seek around the entire complex.
*During the first LA Bowl at the stadium, YouTuber Mark Rober teamed up with a local 12 year old named Anthony Hartman to build the world's largest t-shirt cannon per request of Jimmy Kimmel, with all three launching it during the halftime show.
*In February 2022, Dude Perfect, along with Mark Rober, hosted the 33rd episode of Overtime, a series by Dude Perfect at the stadium.

**參見**
 洛杉磯公羊隊歷史- 洛杉磯閃電隊歷史- 洛杉磯國家橄欖球聯盟歷史- 直覺巨蛋
*昂貴建築物列表
*當前國家橄欖球聯盟體育場館列表- 論壇體育館

**參考資料**

**外部連結**
  好萊塢公園網站 date=20180907082118