透螺科

透螺科（學名：Diaphanidae）是生物分類學上一個微小海螺的分類單元，是頭楯目之下一個海洋腹足綱軟體動物的科shelldoc_320120816001。舊屬透螺總科（學名：Diaphanoidea），現時是盒螺總科之下的成員WoRMS_1750。

**分佈**
本科物種見於海水溫度比較冰冷的地方，例如：北極地區、南極洲、澳大利亞及新西蘭。

**棲息地**
本科物種分佈於從潮間帶到深海帶。

**型態描述**
透螺科物種的螺殻微小、薄而且脆，一般透明或半透明，通常都小於5 mm in size。整體來說，螺殻呈卵形、梨形或bulbous。apex (mollusc)凹陷。

**分類**

**2005年分類**
根據2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，透螺科是透螺總科的成員，包括下列兩個科：
*透螺總科 Diaphanoidea
**透螺科 Diaphanidae
**Family Notodiaphanidae
而透螺科由兩個亞科組成，包括下列各屬：

**透螺亞科**
透螺亞科（Diaphaninae）包括下列各屬：
*Genus Austrodiaphana Henry Augustus Pilsbry, 1893
**Austrodiaphan brazieri George French Angas, 1877：見於西澳大利亞州，體長8 mm。
**Austrodiaphana colei Fleming, 1948
***Distribution : 新西蘭
**Austrodiaphana flemingi Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：見於紐西蘭
**Austrodiaphana maunganuica Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：見於紐西蘭。
*Genus Colobocephalus Michael Sars, 1870
**Colobocephalus costellatus, Michael Sars, 1870
**Colobocephalus striatulus Monterosato ex Jeffreys, 1874
***Distribution : 地中海
*Genus Colpodaspis Michael Sars, 1870 (incertae sedis) The sole of the foot contains a gland that secretes a mucous fluid, which helps the little animal to stay attached to stems and algae.
**Colpodaspis punctata Clark, 1837
***Distribution : Mediterranean
**Colpodaspis pusilla Michael Sars, 1870：見於挪威南部、大不列顛島及愛爾蘭島西部
***Length : 5 mm
***Description : the bubble shell is completely enclosed by the mantle; two prominent rhinophores on the head, leading to a groove along each side of the head; right posterior siphon
**Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979
***Distribution : tropical 印度洋-太平洋海域, 沖繩縣, 聖誕島
***Length : 3 mm
***Description : black sea slug with yellow warts on a white background; the 外套膜 encloses the bubble-shaped fragile shell; there is a pair of enrolled rhinophores on the head; the eyes are the two black spots on the head, just in front of the shell;
*Genus Diaphana Brown, 1827
**Diaphana abyssalis T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : Western 大西洋
**Diaphana anderssoni H. Strebel, 1908
***Distribution : 南佐治亞
**Diaphana caribaea Espinosa, J., J.Ortea & J.Magaña, 2001
***Distribution : 古巴
***Length : 2 mm
**Diaphana cretica
***Distribution : Mediterranean
**Diaphana expansa (Jeffreys, 1864)
***Distribution : Norway to the 錫利群島.
**Diaphana floridana W.H. Dall, 1927
***Distribution : Georgia
***Length : 4 mm
**Diaphana globosa Lovén, 1846
***Distribution : 斯堪的納維亞
***Length : 4 mm
**Diaphana haini Linse, K. & T. Schiøtte, 2002
***Distribution : 南極洲
***Length : 2.2 mm
**Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, J.P., 1839) (synonym of Diaphana minuta)
**Diaphana inflata (Strebel, H., 1908)
***Distribution : South Georgia
***Length : 2.4 mm
**Diaphana lactea Jeffreys, 1877
***Distribution : Mediterranean, Norway
**Diaphana lottae K.J. Bush, 1893
***Distribution : 北卡羅來納州
***Length : 8.5 mm
**Diaphana makarovi G.B. Gorbunov, 1946
***Distribution : East Greenland
***Length : 3 mm
**Diaphana mauretaniensis T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : Mauretania
**Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827
***Distribution : Greenland, Scandinavia, Iceland, 蘇格蘭, North 西班牙 down to the Canaries and the Mediterranean, 麻薩諸塞州.
***Length: 5.8 mm
***Description : found in sandy bottoms from the low tide level to a depth of 350 m; thin, fragile, smooth, cylindrical shell with convex whorl (mollusc)s. The body whorl is prominent. Minute apex. Deep suture (gastropod) between the whorls. Deep umbilicus (mollusk).
**Diaphana pacifica T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : 南加利福尼亞州
**Diaphana paessleri H. Strebel, 1905
***Distribution : 福克蘭群島; 火地群島; South Georgia; 南奧克尼群島; 威德爾海, 南極洲; 凱爾蓋朗群島.
***Length : 3.3 mm
**Diaphana pfefferi H. Strebel, 1905
***Distribution : South Georgia
***Length : 2.9 mm
**Diaphana quadrata
***Distribution : Mmediterranean
**Diaphana seguenzae R.B. Watson, 1886
***Distribution : NE 巴西
***Length : 3.8 mm
*Genus Newnesia Edgar Albert Smith, 1902 (incertae sedis)
**Newnesia antarctica Edgar Albert Smith, 1902
***分佈：南極州威德爾海
***Length : 17–30 mm
**Newnesia sphinx Strebel H., 1908
***Distribution : Paulet Insel (Antarctic Peninsula)
***Length : 24.8 mm
*Genus Rhinodiaphana Lemche, 1967
**Rhinodiaphana ventricosa Jeffreys, 1865
*Genus Woodbridgea Berry, 1953
**Woodbridgea polystrigma W.H. Dall, 1908 Furrowed Paper-bubble
***Distribution : America
** Woodbridgea williamsi S.S. Berry, 1953
***Distribution : West-America

**Subfamily Toledoniinae**
 Bogasonia Warén, 1989
**Bogasonia gorjachevi Chaban, 1998 - Distribution: 千島群島.
**Bogasonia volutoides Warén, 1989 - Distribution: 冰島. Found at depths between 100–200 m.
*Toledonia Dall, 1902

**2017年分類**
，WoRMS紀錄透螺科之下只餘下透螺亞科的透螺屬之下WoRMS_1750：- 透螺亞科 Diaphaninae Odhner, 1914 (1857)
** 透螺屬 Diaphana T. Brown, 1827
*** == Amphisphyra Lovén, 1846
*** == Austrodiaphana Pilsbry, 1893
*** == Physema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
*** == Prodiaphana Chaban, 1996

**參考文獻**

**外部連結**
 taxon=Diaphanidae- Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. D. (1976): A taxonomic survey of the genus Toledonia W.H. Dall, 1902 (Opistobranchia, Diaphanidae). Zool. Scripta 5: 25-33-  Photo of Colpodaspis thompsoni date=20160304080524