夏爾·阿爾貝·戈巴

夏爾·阿爾貝·戈巴（Charles Albert Gobat，ʃaʁl albɛʁ ɡɔba；catIdx=X），瑞士法律博士和政治家。  
戈巴曾擔任瑞士聯邦委員會主席、國際議會聯盟大會主席、國際和平局局長，獲1902年諾貝爾和平獎。
Charles Albert Gobat (21 May 1843 – 16 March 1914) was a 瑞士 律師, educational administrator, and 政治人物 who jointly received the 諾貝爾和平獎 with 埃利·迪科門 in 1902 for their leadership of the 國際和平局.

**Birth and education**
Gobat was born on 21 May 1843 at 特拉姆朗, 瑞士. He was the son of a Protestant pastor and the nephew of Samuel Gobat, a missionary who became bishop of Jerusalem. He was educated at the  巴塞爾大學, 海德堡大學, 伯爾尼大學, and 巴黎大學. He received his doctorate in law, summa cum laude, from the 海德堡大學 in 1867.

**Career in law and politics**
After completing his Ph.D, Gobat began his practicing law in Bern and also lectured on French civil law at Bern University. He then opened an office in Delémont in the canton of Bern, which soon became the leading legal firm of the district.
After practicing law for fifteen years, he became involved in politics and education. In 1882, he was appointed superintendent of public instruction for the canton of Bern, a position he held for thirty years. He was a progressive in educational philosophy and he made many important reforms in the education system. He reformed the system of primary training, obtained increased budgetary support to improve the teacher-pupil ratio, supported the study of living languages, and provided pupils with an alternative to the traditionally narrow classical education by establishing curricula in vocational & professional training.
He won acclaim for his erudite République de Berne et la France pendant les guerres de religion, which was published in 1891 and also widespread recognition for A People's History of Switzerland, which was published in 1900.
He also pursued a career in politics. He was elected to many important positions. He was elected to the Grand Council of Bern in 1882. From 1884 to 1890, he was a member of the Council of States of Switzerland and from 1890 until his death in 1914, he was a member of the National Council, the other chamber of the central Swiss legislative body. In both politics and education, he was a liberal reformer. In 1902, he sponsored several legislation which applied the principle of arbitration to commercial treaties. 
Gobat worked with the 各國議會聯盟, which was founded by 蘭德爾·克里默, the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903, in 1889. In 1892 he became the president of the union's fourth conference, which was held in Bern and which founded the Bureau Interparlementaire. He served as general secretary of the bureau, an information office dealing with peace movements, international conciliation, and communication among national parliamentary bodies. The third conference of the union, held in Rome in 1891, established the 國際和平局, of which Gobat was director when it was awarded the Nobel peace prize in 1910.

**Later years**
In 1902, Gobat jointly received the 諾貝爾和平獎 in 1902 with 埃利·迪科門 for their leadership of the 國際和平局.
After the death of Élie Ducommun in 1906, Gobat took over the direction of the 國際和平局.
Gobat died on 16 March 1914 in 伯爾尼, 瑞士. While attending meeting of the peace conference at Bern, he arose as if to speak but collapsed, dying about an hour later.

**外部鏈接和參考**
 including the Nobel Lecture, July 18, 1906 The Development of the Hague Conventions of July 29, 1899