乍得語族

乍得語族(Chadic languages)是亞非語系（閃含語系）之下的語族之一，語言人口主要分佈於中、西非的尼日利亞北部、尼日爾、乍得、中非共和國及喀麥隆。乍得語族大致上可以分為比烏-曼達拉語支、東乍得語支、西乍得語支和馬薩Masa語支四個語支。
豪薩語是乍得語族中語言人口分佈最廣泛的語言，屬於西乍得語支，亦是西非的非官方通用語。

**分支**
 比烏-曼達拉語支 (Biu-Mandara)
** Biu-Mandara A
*** Biu-Mandara A.1
**** Biu-Mandara Eastern A.1
***** Boga (bvw)
***** Ga'anda (gqa)
***** Hwana (hwo)
**** Biu-Mandara Western A.1
***** Jara (jaf)
***** 特拉語 Tera (ttr)
*** Biu-Mandara A.2
**** Nggwahyi (ngx)
**** Biu-Mandara A.2 1
***** Bura-Pabir (bwr)
***** Cibak (ckl)
***** Kofa (kso)
***** Putai (mfl)
**** Biu-Mandara A.2 2
***** Huba (hbb)
***** 南馬爾吉語 Marghi South (mfm)
***** 中馬爾吉語 Marghi Central (mrt)
*** Biu-Mandara A.3
**** Bana (bcw)
**** Hya (hya)
**** Kamwe (hig)
**** Psikye (kvj)
*** Biu-Mandara A.4
**** Lamang
***** Hdi (xed)
***** Lamang (hia)
***** Vemgo-Mabas (vem)
**** 純正曼達拉 Mandara Proper
***** Glavda
****** Cineni (cie)
****** Dghwede (dgh)
****** Glavda (glw)
****** Guduf-Gava (gdf)
****** Gvoko (ngs)
***** 曼達拉語 Mandara
****** Wandala (mfi)
***** Podoko
****** Parkwa (pbi)
*** Biu-Mandara A.5
**** Baldemu (bdn)
**** Cuvok (cuv)
**** Dugwor (dme)
**** 北吉西加語 Giziga, North (gis)
**** 南吉西加語 Giziga, South (giz)
**** Mada (mxu)
**** Mafa (maf)
**** Matal (mfh)
**** Mbuko (mqb)
**** Mefele (mfj)
**** Merey (meq)
**** Mofu, North (mfk)
**** Mofu-Gudur (mif)
**** Moloko (mlw)
**** Muyang (muy)
**** Vame (mlr)
**** Wuzlam (udl)
**** Zulgo-Gemzek (gnd)
*** Biu-Mandara A.6
**** Sukur (syk)
*** Biu-Mandara A.7
**** Buwal (bhs)
**** 達巴語 Daba (dbq)
**** Gavar (gou)
**** Mazagway (dkx)
**** Mbedam (xmd)
**** Mina (hna)
*** Biu-Mandara A.8
**** Bacama (bcy)
**** 巴塔語 Bata (bta)
**** Fali (fli)
**** Gude (gde)
**** Gudu (gdu)
**** Holma (hod)
**** Jimi (jim)
**** Ngwaba (ngw)
**** Nzanyi (nja)
**** Sharwa (swq)
**** Tsuvan (tsh)
**** Zizilivakan (ziz)
** Biu-Mandara B
*** Biu-Mandara B.1
**** Jilbe (jie)
**** 布杜馬語 Buduma
***** 布杜馬語 Buduma (bdm)
**** Jina
***** Jina (jia)
***** Majera (xmj)
**** 純正科託科語 Kotoko Proper
***** Afade (aal)
***** Lagwan (kot)
***** Malgbe (mxf)
***** Maslam (msv)
***** Mpade (mpi)
***** Mser (kqx)
*** Biu-Mandara B.2
**** Mbara (mpk)
**** Musgu (mug)
**** Muskum (mje)
** Biu-Mandara C
*** Gidar (gid)- 東乍得語支 (East Chadic)
** East Chadic A
*** East Chadic A.1
**** Buso (bso)
**** East Chadic A.1 1
***** Mire (mvh)
***** Ndam (ndm)
***** Somrai (sor)
***** Tumak (tmc)
**** East Chadic A.1 2
***** Boor (bvf)
***** Gadang (gdk)
***** Miltu (mlj)
***** Sarua (swy)
*** East Chadic A.2
**** East Chadic A.2 1
***** Kimré (kqp)
***** Lele (lln)
***** 南歇雷語 Nancere (nnc)
**** East Chadic A.2 2
***** Gabri (gab)
***** Kabalai (kvf)
***** Tobanga (tng)
*** East Chadic A.3
**** Kera (ker)
**** Kwang (kvi)
** East Chadic B
*** East Chadic B.1
**** East Chadic B.1 1
***** Bidiyo (bid)
***** 丹加利特語 Dangaléat (daa)
***** Jonkor Bourmataguil (jeu)
***** Mabire (muj)
***** Mawa (mcw)
***** Migaama (mmy)
***** Mogum (mou)
***** Ubi (ubi)
**** East Chadic B.1 2
***** Birgit (btf)
***** Kajakse (ckq)
***** Masmaje (mes)
***** 穆比語 Mubi (mub)
***** Toram (trj)
***** Zirenkel (zrn)
*** East Chadic B.2
**** Mukulu (moz)
*** East Chadic B.3
**** Barein (bva)
**** Saba (saa)
**** 索科羅語 Sokoro (sok)
**** Tamki (tax)- 馬薩語支 Masa 
** Herdé (hed)
** Marba (mpg)
** Masana (mcn)
** Mesme (zim)
** Musey (mse)
** Ngete (nnn)
** Pévé (lme)
** Zumaya (zuy)- 西乍得語支 (West Chadic)
** Luri (ldd)
** West Chadic A
*** Daza (dzd)
*** West Chadic A.1
**** 關達拉語 Gwandara (gwn)
**** 豪薩語（Hausa）(hau)
*** West Chadic A.2
**** Bole
***** Bure (bvh)
***** Bole Proper
****** Beele (bxq)
****** Bole (bol)
****** Deno (dbb)
****** Galambu (glo)
****** Gera (gew)
****** Geruma (gea)
****** Giiwo (kks)
****** Kholok (ktc)
****** Kubi (kof)
****** Maaka (mew)
****** 恩加莫語 Ngamo (nbh)
****** Nyam (nmi)
***** 卡雷卡雷語 Karekare
****** 卡雷卡雷語 Karekare (kai)
**** 坦加勒 Tangale
***** Dera
****** Dera (kna)
***** 純正坦加勒 Tangale Proper
****** Kushi (kuh)
****** Kutto (kpa)
****** Kwaami (ksq)
****** Pero (pip)
****** Piya-Kwonci (piy)
****** 坦加勒語 Tangale (tan)
*** West Chadic A.3
**** 純正安加斯 Angas Proper
***** Angas Proper 1
****** Cakfem-Mushere (cky)
****** Jorto (jrt)
****** Kofyar (kwl)
****** Miship (mjs)
****** Mwaghavul (sur)
****** Ngas (anc)
***** Angas Proper 2
****** Goemai (ank)
****** Koenoem (kcs)
****** Montol (mtl)
****** Pyapun (pcw)
****** Tal (tal)
**** Yiwom
***** Yiwom (gek)
*** West Chadic A.4
**** Fyer
***** Fyer (fie)
***** Tambas (tdk)
**** 純正羅恩 Ron Proper
***** Duhwa (kbz)
***** Kulere (kul)
***** Mundat (mmf)
***** 羅恩語 Ron (cla)
***** Sha (scw)
** West Chadic B
*** West Chadic B.1
**** Auyokawa (auo)
**** 純正巴德 Bade Proper
***** 巴德語 Bade (bde)
***** 恩吉津語 Ngizim (ngi)
***** Teshenawa (twc)
**** Duwai
***** Duwai (dbp)
*** West Chadic B.2
**** Ajawa (ajw)
**** Ciwogai (tgd)
**** Diri (dwa)
**** Kariya (kil)
**** Mburku (bbt)
**** Miya (mkf)
**** Pa'a (pqa)
**** Siri (sir)
**** Warji (wji)
**** Zumbun (jmb)
*** West Chadic B.3
**** Dass (dot)
**** Boghom
***** Boghom (bux)
***** Kir-Balar (kkr)
***** Mangas (zns)
**** Guruntum
***** Guruntum-Mbaaru (grd)
***** Ju (juu)
***** Tala (tak)
***** Zangwal (zah)
**** West Chadic B.3 Eastern
***** Jimi (jmi)
**** Zaar Proper
***** Geji (gji)
***** Polci (plj)
***** Saya (say)
***** Zari (zaz)
***** Zeem (zua)

**參考文獻**
  Ethnologue entry for Chadic languages date=20121001053619 - Lukas, Johannes (1936) 'The linguistic situation in the Lake Chad area in Central Africa.' Africa, 9, 332–349.- Newman, Paul (1977) 'Chadic classification and reconstructions.' Afroasiatic Linguistics 5, 1, 1–42.- Newman, Paul (1978) 'Chado-Hamitic 'adieu': new thoughts on Chadic language classification', in Fronzaroli, Pelio (ed.), Atti del Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Linguistica Camito-Semitica. Florence: Instituto de Linguistica e di Lingue Orientali, Università di Firenze, 389–397.- Newman, Paul (1980) The Classification of Chadic within Afroasiatic. Leiden: Universitaire Pers Leiden.- Newman, Paul and Ma, Roxana (1966) 'Comparative Chadic: phonology and lexicon.' Journal of African Languages, 5, 218–251.- Schuh, Russell (2003) 'Chadic overview', in M. Lionel Bender, Gabor Takacs, and David L. Appleyard (eds.), Selected Comparative-Historical Afrasian Linguistic Studies in Memory of Igor M. Diakonoff, LINCOM Europa, 55–60.

**外部連結**
  Chadic Newsletter Online date=20110930165247