詞法學

詞法學（morphology，“組織與形態”），又稱形態學、構詞學，是語言學的一個分支，研究單詞（word）的內部結構和其形成方式。如英語的dog、dogs和dog-catcher有相當的關係，英語使用者能夠利用他們的背景知識來判斷此關係，對他們來說，dog和dogs的關係就如同cat和cats，dog和dog-catcher就如同dish和dishwasher。構詞學正是研究這種單字間組成的關係，並試著整理出其組成的規則。

**基本概念**

**英文字的根基(字根)**
「Lexeme」 是指英文字的本根，dog 是dogs和dog catcher 的字根。雖然三字的義意不同，也與其字的根源有所關聯。

**字形（word form）和字詞（vocabulary）**
dog 和 cat 有不同的字形（word form） 。另一方面，Dog 和 dog catcher 是有不同解釋的字詞（vocabulary），他們所指的是不同的實體。
英文字的原形，稱為詞條（lemma；原形），其引用形式（citation form），即是指可於字典上查詢的字詞的根本原形（vocabulary）。

**構詞學模式**

**語言類型分類**

**註釋**

**參考文獻**

**延伸閱讀**
(Abbreviations: CUP = Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)- Anderson, Stephen R. (1992). A-Morphous Morphology. Cambridge: CUP.- Aronoff, Mark. (1993). " Morphology by Itself date=20220306070138 ". Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.- Aronoff, Mark. (2009). " Morphology: an interview with Mark Aronoff". ReVEL, v. 7, n. 12, 1678-8931.- Åkesson, Joyce. (2001).  Arabic Morphology and Phonology date=20180226141641 . Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill.- Beard, Robert. (1995).  Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology. Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York Press. 0-7914-2471-5.- Bauer, Laurie. (2003). Introducing linguistic morphology (2nd ed.). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. 0-87840-343-4.- Bauer, Laurie. (2004). A glossary of morphology. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown UP.- Bubenik, Vit. (1999). An introduction to the study of morphology. LINCOM coursebooks in linguistics, 07. Muenchen: LINCOM Europa. 3-89586-570-2.- Bybee, J. L. (1985). Morphology: A Study of the Relation between Meaning and Form. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.- Dixon, R. M. W. and Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (Eds). (2007). Word: A cross-linguistic typology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press- Foley, William A. (1998). " Symmetrical Voice Systems and Precategoriality in Philippine Languages". Workshop: Voice and Grammatical Functions in Austronesian. University of Sydney.- Haspelmath, Martin. (2002). Understanding morphology. London: Arnold (co-published by Oxford University Press). 0-340-76025-7. 0-340-76026-5.- Fabrega, Antonio & Sergio Scalise (2012). Morphology: from Data to Theory. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.- Katamba, Francis. (1993). Morphology. Modern linguistics series. New York: St. Martin's Press. 0-312-10101-5. 0-312-10356-5.- Korsakov, A. K. (Andreĭ Konstantinovich). (1969) The use of tenses in English. Korsakov, A. K. Structure of Modern English pt. 1. oai:gial.edu:26766 at http://www.language-archives.org/item/oai:gial.edu:26766 date=20210413210439 - Kishorjit, N., Vidya Raj RK., Nirmal Y., and Sivaji B. (2012) " Manipuri Morpheme Identificationdate=20140508133019 ", Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on South and Southeast Asian Natural Language Processing (SANLP), pp. 95–108, COLING 2012, Mumbai, December 2012- Matthews, Peter. (1991). Morphology (2nd ed.). CUP. 0-521-41043-6. 0-521-42256-6.- Mel'čuk, Igor A. (1993–2000). Cours de morphologie générale, vol. 1–5. Montreal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal.- Mel'čuk, Igor A. (2006). Aspects of the theory of morphology. Berlin: Mouton.- Scalise, Sergio. (1983). Generative Morphology, Dordrecht, Foris.- Singh, Rajendra and Stanley Starosta (eds). (2003). Explorations in Seamless Morphology. SAGE Publications. 0-7619-9594-3.- Spencer, Andrew. (1991). Morphological theory: an introduction to word structure in generative grammar. No. 2 in Blackwell textbooks in linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.  0-631-16143-0; 0-631-16144-9- Spencer, Andrew and Zwicky, Arnold M. (Eds.) (1998). The handbook of morphology. Blackwell handbooks in linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. 0-631-18544-5.- Stump, Gregory T. (2001). Inflectional morphology: a theory of paradigm structure. No. 93 in Cambridge studies in linguistics. CUP. 0-521-78047-0 (hb).- van Valin, Robert D., and LaPolla, Randy. (1997). Syntax : Structure, Meaning And Function. CUP

**參見**
 語素- 語法形態配列

**外部連結**
  Segmenti − Segmenti date=20210228184115  (Freeware)