瑟古德·馬歇爾

瑟古德·馬歇爾（Thurgood Marshall，catIdx=Marshall），美國民權律師和法學家，1967年至1991年間擔任美國最高法院大法官，他是第一位擔任此職的非裔美國人。

**大法官**
在擔任大法官前，馬歇爾曾在布朗訴託皮卡教育局案中擔任原告律師，主張南方各州實施的種族隔離政策違反美國憲法第十四修正案，在最高法院獲得勝訴。布朗案因宣告種族隔離政策違憲而成為美國曆史上一個里程碑式的判決，美國前總統小布什稱其為“一個使美國永遠更好的判決”。
1965年，馬歇爾獲林登·約翰遜總統提名出任訟務次長。
1967年，因湯姆·克拉克大法官退休，馬歇爾被約翰遜總統提名接替克拉克席位，約翰遜表示「這是一個正確的決定、在正確的時間、將最適合的人安排到最適合的地方。」在參議院以69比11票通過。
1991年，馬歇爾因病辭去大法官之職，而馬歇爾並不希望在共和黨總統老布什執政時辭職，囑咐法官助理如果仍是共和黨總統執政，即使他死了，也要將他撐起來，繼續投票。」。布什總統後來提名保守派的克拉倫斯·託馬斯繼任馬歇爾席位。

**參考**

**延伸閲讀**
 cite book|last=Abraham |first=Henry J. |author-link=Henry J. Abraham |title=Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court |url=https://archive.org/details/justicespresiden0000abra |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |location=New York |isbn=0-19-506557-3 - Bland, Randall W. (1993). Private Pressure on Public Law: The Legal Career of Justice Thurgood Marshall 1934–1991. New York: University Press of America. 0-8191-8736-4- cite book|last=Cushman |first=Clare |title=The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 |edition=2nd |publisher=(Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books) |year=2001 |isbn=1-56802-126-7- url=https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse - url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall - Hodges, Ruth A., Reference Librarian.  Justice Thurgood Marshall: A Selected Bibliography, (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Washington, DC, February 1993).- dead-url=no - url=https://archive.org/details/thurgoodmarshall00kall - Mack, Kenneth W., (2012).  Representing the Race: The Creation of the Civil Rights Lawyer date=20210414040938 . Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-04687-0.- Marshall, Thurgood (1950). "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745.- url=https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart - Tushnet, Mark V. (1994). Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936–1961. London:  Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-510468-4;- Tushnet, Mark V. (1997). Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961–1991.  New York: Oxford University Press. 0-19-509314-3 pp., 256.- url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv/page/590 - isbn= 978-1-57607-989-8.- isbn=0-7391-0623-6 - White, G. Edward (2007), The American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-513962-4.- Williams, Juan, Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary (New York: New York Times, 1998).  Promotional site for book 0-8129-3299-4; 978-0-8129-3299-7.- cite book|last =Woodward |first=Robert | author-link=Bob Woodward |author2=Armstrong, Scott |author-link2=Scott Armstrong (journalist)  
title =The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court| year =1979 | location =New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-7402-9 

**外部連結**
 Thurgood Marshall:
**  Interview with Hunter Clark and Michael Davis on Thurgood Marshall: Warrior at the Bar, Rebel on the Bench date=20210206121632  Booknotes, January 3, 1993.
**  Interview with Juan Williams on Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary date=20160818074642 , Booknotes, October 11, 1998.- Fox, John,  "Biographies of the Robes: Thurgood Marshall" date=20201109215554 , Expanding Civil Rights, Public Broadcasting Service.- Oyez,  "Thurgood Marshall" date=20210314174453 , official Supreme Court media.-  Oral History Interview with Thurgood Marshall, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library-  FBI file on Thurgood Marshall date=20210415113240 - Long, Michael G.,  "The Vetting of Thurgood Marshall — and a Lesson for Today" date=20210206121242 , Chicago Tribune, July 15, 2018, via Portside.-  Image of Thurgood Marshall, Hyman Rickover and Newton Minow at convocation "Prospects for Democracy" at Beverly Hilton, California, 1963. date=20210224040945  Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.