十字軍國家

1135年近東局勢，四個由十字軍建立起的國家、拜占庭以及穆斯林人
1206年十字軍與威尼斯人建立的拉丁帝國（紫色）與其屬國（紫色）
十字軍國家（Crusader states/Outremer），指經由十字軍東徵而建立之拉丁國家NoteTag|拉丁所指非他們都是拉丁姆地區人，而是相對於希臘人及阿拉伯人，那些來自羅馬公教世界的人，如法蘭克人、威尼斯人、熱那亞人。，他們建立國家時，一般都會將法蘭克人那套成熟的采邑制度移植至新徵服地，而他們所征服之地區，一般都會同時設立拉丁主教，這些國家之存在，無一例外的都如狂風掃落葉，除了一些因保護殖民城市而建立的碉堡外，一般在人口結構、宗教信仰、文化等等，都無法為這些地區留下深刻影響。
十字軍國家主要在兩次十字軍東徵時建立，即第一次十字軍東徵時征服聖地所建立的幾個王國、公國、伯國，包括耶路撒冷王國、安條克公國、的黎波里伯國、埃德薩伯國；以及第四次十字軍東徵時，征服拜占庭帝國所建立的拉丁帝國及其屬國（薩洛尼卡王國、雅典公國、愛琴群島公國、亞該亞侯國）。

**歷史背景**
公元7世紀初，穆斯林統治者開始擴大自己的領土進入基督教羅馬/拜占庭土地，征服埃及和地中海東岸，逐步接管所有的北非，亞洲西南部的大部分，和大部分伊比利亞半島。
東羅馬（或稱拜占庭）儘管曾經恢復過失去的領土，但隨著時間的推移逐漸失去了所有的安納托利亞和部分色雷斯和巴爾幹半島。
在西方，羅馬天主教的伊比利亞王國北部發動了一系列被稱為“神聖活動”的軍事行動，從阿拉伯化的柏柏爾人稱為摩爾人（他們稱之為安達魯斯）的控制之下重新徵服半島。儘管擬合一般標準，除了瓦倫西亞王國，一般上不習慣將這些伊比利亞君主國稱為十字軍國家。

**註釋**

**參考文獻**
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**延伸閲讀**
 archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201208054937/https://books.google.com/books?id=A0qLHVGgH7AC&pg=PA8- Jonathan Riley-Smith, The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277. The Macmillan Press, 1973.

**參見**
 十字軍東征

**外部連結==