田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（學名：Viviparidae）的淡水腹足綱軟體動物。平均只有拇指頭大小，有角質口蓋（螺厴），殼口相對比較大。螺螄是田螺科動物的通稱。很多淡水魚類喜歡吃田螺。田螺體內很容易生長寄生蟲。
根據在2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科屬主扭舌目的成員。

**分佈**
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.

**分類**
舊屬前鰓亞綱的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌類的成員，約有17屬百餘種。根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》，田螺科物種大致可分為三個亞科Bouchet 2005：- 田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)- 環稜螺亞科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)- 平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

**屬**
田螺科包括下列各屬：

**田螺亞科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833)**- Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
** † Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
** 河螺屬 Rivularia Heude, 1890
** Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
** Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
** 田螺屬 Viviparus Montfort, 1810：模式屬，目前只餘下六個現生種。異名有：Vivipara（詞性錯誤，不採用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812

**環稜螺亞科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937**- Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
** 角螺屬 Angulyagra Rao, 1931
** 環螺螄屬 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只見於中國雲南，其物種舊屬螺螄屬guokr
** Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
** 環稜螺屬 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亞科的模式屬；
** Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
** Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
** 圓田螺屬 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
** Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885 
** Filopaludina Habe, 1964
** Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一個物種，就是Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
** Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
** Larina A. Adams, 1851
** 螺螄屬 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只見於中國雲南，和圓田螺屬關係較近guokr。
** 湄公螺屬 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
** Neclarina Iredale, 1943
** Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
** Notopala Cotton, 1935
** 石田螺屬 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺屬關係較近guokr。
** Taia Annandale, 1918
** 璽螺螄屬 璽螺螄屬 He, 2013：只見於中國雲南，有兩個物種，均舊屬螺螄屬guokr。
** † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
** Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
** 擬小螺屬 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
**Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
**Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
**Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
**Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
**Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
**Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 Lepidoptera; Neclarina is a replacement name)
**Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
**Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

**平圓螺亞科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863**
異名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
** Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
** 平圓螺屬 Lioplax Troschel, 1856：異名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次異名）

**亞科地位未定Subfamily unassigned Viviparidae (temporary name)**

**Life cycle**
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.

**參考資料**

**延伸閱讀**
 Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(4): 435–441. 10.1093/mollus/eyv019.- Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

**外部連結**
  Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017 date=20210826154609 
*Viviparidae