倭馬亞大清真寺

倭馬亞清真寺
穆斯林在倭馬亞清真寺中做禮拜
伊斯蘭教先知葉海亞的陵墓（拱北）
薩拉丁的陵墓（拱北）
倭馬亞大清真寺（始建於705年）是伊斯蘭教最主要的清真寺之一，位於敘利亞首都大馬士革。該寺被認為是伊斯蘭教的第四大聖寺。
倭馬亞清真寺最早是羅馬帝國時期的朱庇特神殿，在392年羅馬帝國定基督教為國教後改為聖約翰大教堂（紀念施洗約翰），為正教會安提阿牧首區下大馬士革主教的主教座堂。敘利亞於7世紀為阿拉伯人征服後，聖約翰大教堂一度仍歸基督教徒做禮拜之用。705年，倭馬亞王朝的哈里發瓦利德一世接收了這座教堂，將其改為清真寺。瓦利德一世從拜占庭、敘利亞、埃及等地招集工匠，歷時十年將清真寺建成。
在改造過程中，教堂的長方形佈局被保存下來，但其餘部分有多少被留用則不得而知。可以肯定的是，倭馬亞清真寺有兩座尖塔原來是教堂的望樓，第三座光塔則為瓦利德一世所建。
歷史上，倭馬亞清真寺曾經三次被焚燬。第一次是在1069年清真寺發生火災；第二次是在1400年，中亞的征服者帖木兒圍攻大馬士革時縱火燒燬了清真寺；第三次是在1893年，清真寺再度發生火災。
今天，倭馬亞清真寺中同時保存有先知葉哈雅和薩拉丁的陵墓。

**參考文獻**

**延伸閱讀**
archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429232027/https://books.google.com/books?id=tuMxAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA58.
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191500/https://books.google.com/books?id=qrnDF_BuCvgC&q=Bowersock+Brown&pg=PA193
*orig-year=2005
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191501/https://books.google.com/books?id=wuT0eAOeX5wC&q=Jupiter+temple+Damascus&pg=PA28
*oclc=501398372
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122214504/https://books.google.com/books?id=3SapTk5iGDkC&q=Umayyad+Mosque+Ottoman&pg=PA122
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429232030/https://books.google.com/books?id=dgQNMNJe6B4C&q=Ibn+al-Shatir+umayyad
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191511/https://books.google.com/books?id=9cTHyUQoTyUC&q=Umayyad+Mosque+Ottoman+1516.
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191504/https://books.google.com/books?id=r5f8kxIyykQC&q=Umayyad+Mosque
*jstor=1523236
*jstor=1523262 
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709155450/http://books.google.com/books?id=hDQqzz-tLgUC&pg=PA514
*Citation|title=Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500|url=https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft|first1=Guy|last1=Le Strange|author-link1=Guy Le Strange|year=1890|publisher=Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund (Ibn Jubayr:  p. 240 ff)
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191503/https://books.google.com/books?id=GsMMDmnmVaEC&q=Umayyad+Mosque+fire&pg=PA156
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421202643/https://books.google.com/books?id=PB9tAAAAMAAJ
*jstor=1523266
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191501/https://books.google.com/books?id=dA2FnCiKtDAC&q=Minaret+Jesus+Umayyad&pg=PA102
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191510/https://books.google.com/books?id=jXwUAAAAYAAJ&q=roof+minaret+bride&pg=PA292.
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191502/https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC&q=Umayyad+Mosque+Ottoman
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015205801/https://books.google.com/books?id=4x8tAAAAYAAJ&q=Minaret+Damascus&pg=PA25.
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210911191505/https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&q=Ibn+al-Shatir+umayyad+sundial.
*s2cid=164031578
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429232027/https://books.google.com/books?id=NBBMJJTEoKMC&q=Mamluk+Umayyad+Mosque+Levanoni
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421202643/https://books.google.com/books?id=2K8dGsd2KCsC&q=Umayyad+Mosque+Ottoman&pg=PA95
*archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220421202643/https://books.google.com/books?id=o9Ls4I5t5gIC&q=Minaret+Jesus+Umayyad&pg=PA57
*citation|last1=Zaimeche|first1=Salah|first2=Lamaan|last2=Ball|year=2005|title=Damascus|publisher=Foundation for Science Technology and Culture|location=Manchester