托馬斯·哈代

托馬斯·哈代，OM（Thomas Hardy，1月11日），英國作家，生於農村沒落貴族家庭。

**生平**
哈代於英國多爾切斯特攻讀建築，及後於1862年前往倫敦，並成為倫敦國王學院學生，學習建築工程，同時從事文學、哲學和神學的研究。哈代當過幾年建築師，曾獲英國皇家建築師協會及建築聯盟學院獎項，後致力於文學創作。

**創作特色**
他一生寫了許多作品，他的小說多以農村生活為背景，前期作品長篇小說《綠蔭下》、《遠離塵囂》，將宗法制農村生活理想化，反對工業化城市文明。以後作品現實主義成分逐漸加強。長篇小說《還鄉》、《卡斯特橋市長》和《林中居民》，通過書中人物的悲慘遭遇，反映工業化勢力深入農村後英國宗法制農村的巨大變化。《德伯家的苔絲》和《無名的裘德》是他的兩部代表作長篇小說，前者描寫農村姑娘遭受富人迫害以至毀滅的悲劇，後者描寫農村青年在工業社會中理想被毀滅的故事。他晚年轉向詩歌創作，寫出詩劇《統治者》，痛斥給人民帶來苦難的暴君。
他所寫作品對人民貧窮不幸的生活充滿同情，對工業文明和道德作了深刻的揭露和批判，但他的作品也帶有一些悲觀情緒和宿命論色彩。

**作品**
哈代具有詩人與小說家的雙重身分，除了小品文，長篇小說、短篇小說、詩歌、詩劇，品質優良。自1871年發表一部長篇小說後，每隔一二年就出版一部小說，共出版十四部長篇小說，有七部被列為英國小說中的偉大作品。

**長篇小說**
《絕望的救濟》Desperate Remedies: A Novel (1871)
*《綠蔭下》Under the Greenwood Tree: A Rural Painting of the Dutch School (1872)
*《一雙藍眼睛》A Pair of Blue Eyes: A Novel (1873)
*《遠離塵囂》Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
*《貝妲的婚姻》The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters (1876)
*《還鄉》The Return of the Native (1878)
*《司令長》The Trumpet-Major (1880)
*《冷漠的人》A Laodicean: A Story of To-day (1881)
*《塔上戀人》Two on a Tower: A Romance (1882)
*《卡斯特橋市長》The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character (1886) 
*《林居人》The Woodlanders (1887)
*《德伯家的苔絲：一個純潔的少女》Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891) 
*《深受愛載者》The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament (1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)
*《無名的裘德》Jude the Obscure (1895)

**短篇故事**
《牛奶女工的浪漫冒險》"The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid" (1883) (collected in A Changed Man and Other Stories)
*《三個陌生人》"The Three Strangers" (1883) (collected in Wessex Tales)
*《威塞克斯故事集》Wessex Tales (1888, a collection of short stories)
*《一群高貴的淑女》A Group of Noble Dames (1891, a collection of short stories)
*《生活的小諷刺》Life's Little Ironies (1894, a collection of short stories)

**詩集**
《威塞克斯的詩與其他》Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898)
*《過去與現在的詩》Poems of the Past and the Present (1901)
*《時光的笑柄》Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909)
*《現實的諷刺》Satires of Circumstance (1914)
*《幻想時刻》Moments of Vision (1917)
*《詩集》Collected Poems (1919)
*《晚期與早期抒情詩》Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1922)
*《人間萬象、遙遠之夢：歌謠與瑣事》Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925)
*《心境與格律的冬詞》Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)

**詩劇**
《王朝：拿破崙與戰爭的詩戲》(The Dynasts: An Epic-Drama of the War with Napoleon (verse drama) 
**《王朝》第一部The Dynasts, Part 1 (1904))
**《王朝》第二部(The Dynasts, Part 2 (1906)
**《王朝》第三部(The Dynasts, Part 3 (1908)
*《康沃爾女王的悲劇》The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923)

**外部鏈接**
  The Thomas Hardy Association date=20210208064752  (TTHA)- id=lccn-n79-46230- name=Thomas Hardy- Works by Thomas Hardy at Internet Archive-  Works by Thomas Hardy in audio format date=20160307143153  from LibriVox-  Poems by Thomas Hardy date=20100710005620  at Poetry Foundation-  Poems by Thomas Hardy date=20100622035642  at PoemHunter.com-  A Hyper-Concordance to the Works of Thomas Hardy at the Victorian Literary Studies Archive, Nagoya University, Japan-   "The Dead Man Walking" (1909) date=20200814142904  and other Hardy poems at poetry-archive.com-  Thomas Hardy's Wessex Research site, including  maps, by Dr Birgit Plietzsch-  Works by Thomas Hardy date=20210206080249  in e-book and audiobook version-  Thomas Hardy's ashes at Westminster Abbey date=20170112050711 -  Pictures of Thomas Hardy visiting Marie Stopes at her lighthouse home on Portland, Dorset-  The Thomas Hardy Society date=20100210203551 -  The Life and Death of Thomas Hardy @ Ward's Book of Days date=20100928152743 -  Hardy Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin