阿卡 (以色列)

阿科（ʻAkkō，Acre），或阿卡（ʻAkkā），是一座位於以色列北部加利利西部的城市，距離耶路撒冷約152公里。阿卡是持續有人類居住的最古老的城市之一。2011年人口為46,464人，約75%為猶太人，25%為阿拉伯人。在1948年被以色列佔領之前，大多數阿卡居民是阿拉伯人。

**中世紀**
第一次十字軍東徵建立耶路撒冷王國後，十字軍進攻阿卡，經過約4年圍困後，阿卡於1104年向十字軍投降。阿卡成為十字軍在巴勒斯坦的主要港口。到1130年代，阿卡人口約有25,000人，當時耶路撒冷王國境內只有耶路撒冷城的規模可與阿卡相比。
埃及的薩拉丁在1187年的哈丁戰役擊敗十字軍後攻佔耶路撒冷，隨後未經戰鬥即佔領阿卡、西頓等地。第三次十字軍東徵時，十字軍於1191年攻佔阿卡。隨著十字軍運動的衰落，地中海東岸的其它十字軍城鎮相繼失守，阿卡變成一座孤城，終於在1291年被馬穆魯克王朝攻陷。

**近代及現代**
因阿卡及其周圍有大量巴哈伊信仰的聖地，故2008年，阿卡與海法的巴哈伊信仰相關地點被列入世界遺產名錄。
Akko-44-Saeulenkarawanserei-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-52-Saeulenkarawanserei-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-Al-Jazar-Moschee-14-Hof-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-Al-Jazar-Moschee-18-Portal-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-Al-Jazar-Moschee-20-innen-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-28-Suesswarenhaendler-2010-gje.jpg
Akko-60-Meer-2010-gje.jpg

**參考文獻**

**延伸閱讀**
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*citation |last=Riley-Smith |first=J. |author-link=Jonathan Riley-Smith |title=A History of the World-Object: Hedwig glass beaker |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/2GL6QSA8SMmcMCtPgHQJsw |publisher=BBC |year=2010 |access-date=2010-06-25 |archive-date=2019-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190529072735/http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/2GL6QSA8SMmcMCtPgHQJsw |url-status=live 
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**外部鏈接**
  Old City of Acre - The Official Website（Old Acre Development Company - OADC）-  Acre's History date=20060705214819 （Jewish Virtual Library）-  The Acre prison break date=20161104120245 （Jewish Virtual Library）-  Names by which Acre has been known & pictures（Bibleplaces.com）-  Hazlitt's Classical Gazetteer-  Acre Walls（OADC）-  The Tourists Guide to Acre date=20090806063051 - Photos of Acco date=20210318004559