剑线虫属

剑线虫属（学名：Xiphinema），又名匕首线虫属tttsay1，是一种栖息于植物根部的潜移性tttsay1外寄生线虫动物Whitehead1998。本属物种会对农作物造成巨大经济损失，能影响葡萄、草莓、酒花及其他经济作物。主要物种计有：标准剑线虫（X. index）、美洲剑线虫（X. americanum）、X. diversicaudatum, X. italiae及X. pachtaicumEvans 1993。其细长的身体及长直的stylet是其型态特征，以便于直接刺穿植物的表皮至其维管组织nemaplex。本属不同物种会对植物的根部造成中等至大量的伤害：这些线虫穿透植物的根部，部分物种还会在根部造成虫瘿Evans 1993。

**型态学**
剑线虫的体型在线虫动物来说算是比较大，其成虫的体长有1.5mm – 5.0mmWhitehead1998。

**系统分类学**
本属现时列有296个物种，当中包括234个已接受物种，49 个异名及13个有待确定的物种YuHe。

**物种列表**
下列为本属部分物种：- Xiphinema abrantinum Roca & Pereira, 1991- Xiphinema aceri Chizhov & al., 1986- Xiphinema aequum Roca & Lamberti, 1988- 美国剑线虫  Xiphinema americana- 美洲剑线虫 Xiphinema americanum Cobb, 1913- Xiphinema artemisiae Chizhov & al., 1986- 贝克剑线虫 Xiphinema bakeri Williams - Xiphinema barense Lamberti & al., 1986- Xiphinema basilgoodeyi Coomans, 1965- Xiphinema belmontense Roca & Pereira, 1992- 短颈剑线虫 Xiphinema brevicolle Lordello & Da Costa, 1961- Xiphinema brevisicum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema cadavalense Bravo & Roca, 1995- 加州剑线虫 Xiphinema californicum- 钱伯斯剑线虫 Xiphinema chambersi Thorne- Xiphinema coronatum Roca, 1991- Xiphinema coxi Tarjan, 1964
** Xiphinema coxi coxi Tarjan, 1964
** Xiphinema coxi europaeum Sturhan, 1985- Xiphinema dentatum Sturhan, 1978- Xiphinema diffusum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979- Xiphinema dissimile Roca & al., 1988.- 变尾剑线虫 Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Micoletzky, 1927) — nématode migrant des racines，裂尾剑线虫、异尾剑线虫- Xiphinema diversum Roca & al., 1989.- Xiphinema duriense Lamberti & al., 1993.- 台湾剑线虫 Xiphinema elongatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938- Xiphinema exile Roca & al., 1989.- 丝尾剑线虫 Xiphinema filicaudatum Loof et Maas- Xiphinema fortuitum Roca & al., 1988.- Xiphinema gersoni Roca & Bravo, 1993.- Xiphinema globosum Sturhan, 1978.- Xiphinema hispidum Roca & Bravo, 1994.- Xiphinema histriae Lamberti & al., 1993.- Xiphinema horvatovicae Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.- 喜湿剑线虫 Xiphinema hygrophilum Southey et Luc- Xiphinema illyricum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999.- Xiphinema incertum Lamberti & al., 1983.- 不明剑线虫 Xiphinema incognitum Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.- 标准剑线虫 Xiphinema index Thorne & Allen, 1950.- Xiphinema ingens Luc & Dalmasso, 1964.- Xiphinema insigne- Xiphinema intermedium Lamberti & Bleve-Zacheo, 1979.- 意大利剑线虫 Xiphinema italiae Meyl, 1953- Xiphinema lafoense Roca & al., 1988- Xiphinema lanceolatum Roca & Bravo, 1993- Xiphinema lapidosum Roca & Bravo, 1993- Xiphinema longistilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema lupini Roca & Pereira, 1993- Xiphinema lusitanicum Sturhan, 1983- Xiphinema macedonicum Barsi & Lamberti, 1999- Xiphinema macroacanthum Lamberti & al., 1989- Xiphinema madeirense Brown & al., 1992- Xiphinema melitense Lamberti & al., 1982- Xiphinema mesostilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema microstilum Lamberti & al., 1994- Xiphinema neovuittenezi Dalmasso, 1969- 西剖剑线虫 Xiphinema occiduum- Xiphinema opisthohysterum Siddiqi, 1961.- Xiphinema pachtaicum (Tulaganov, 1938).- Xiphinema pachydermum Sturhan, 1983.- Xiphinema pombalense Bravo & Lamberti, 1996- Xiphinema porosum Roca & Agostinelli, 1986- Xiphinema pseudocoxi Sturhan, 1985- Xiphinema pyrenaicum Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema radicicola Goodey, 1936- Xiphinema riparium Chizhov & al., 1991- Xiphinema rivesi Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema rotundatum Schuurmans Stekhoven & Teunissen, 1938- Xiphinema sahelense Dalmasso, 1969- Xiphinema santos Lamberti & al., 1993- 里弗斯剑线虫 Xiphinema silvesi Roca & Bravo, 1998- Xiphinema simile Lamberti & al., 1983- Xiphinema taylori Lamberti & al., 1992- 索恩剑线虫 Xiphinema thornei- Xiphinema turcicum Luc & Dalmasso, 1964- 犹他剑线虫 Xiphinema utahense- Xiphinema variurum Barsi & Lamberti, 1998- Xiphinema vuittenezi Luc & al., 1964.

**分布**
本属物种分布于全世界，当中两个在经济上很重要的物种，即：标准剑线虫 X.index及美洲剑线虫 X.americanum都在美国加州很常见，对当地酒庄造成影响。X. diversicaudatum亦见于美国其他部份地区、欧洲及澳大利亚。