荷兰西印度公司

特许西印度公司（Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie，简称GWC），通称荷兰西印度公司，创建于1621年6月3日，是荷兰在联省共和国时期仿东印度公司模式建立的特许公司，被荷兰政府特许在巴西、加勒比海群岛和北美洲为进行大西洋奴隶贸易。成立之初只是为了打破西班牙及葡萄牙对西方贸易权的垄断，以及将对西战争的压力从本土转移到泛大西洋地区。在十七世纪初期到十八世纪曾对整个西半球的贸易，殖民，海盗等各方面拥有巨大的影响力。公司于1674年因债务未偿还而解体，但因为贩卖农奴的高额利润和巨大需求，以及现存的诸多殖民地的，第二家西印度公司于1675年诞生，史称为第二西印度公司或新西印度公司。主要航线与第一家重叠，所有的船舶等财产归第二西印度公司所有。它大约拥有六百万荷兰盾的资产，其中主要由阿姆斯特丹分部贡献。第二西印度公司在1792年关闭，尔后在1800年左右还出现「第三西印度公司」，但未成功建立。

**相关条目**
荷兰共和国
*荷兰王国
*荷兰帝国
*新尼德兰
*荷属安的列斯
*荷兰东印度公司
*苏里南
*新阿姆斯特丹
*荷属美洲殖民地

**参考资料**
张亚中，小国崛起——转捩点上的关键抉择，联经出版事务股份有限公司，2008年，ISBN 978-957-08-3247-1
荷兰西印度公司阿姆斯特丹会所旗帜。
荷兰西印度公司阿姆斯特丹会所标志。

**延伸阅读**
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