语言均一化

语言均一化（英语：dialect leveling；西班牙语：nivelación lingüística），指某地区某语系的各种方言间变得相似或均一的过程，通常由某种方言被明显的淘汰而促成，从而使该地区各语言间更容易理解并更整齐划一。

**基本概念**
从一方面看，在这过程中，可能导致理解上问题的不同语言表达形式得到简化，其变体也减少。这变化是渐进的，在其彻底完成之前，社会环境各变体共存。
从另一方面看，均一化同时还指具体单词的语法形态变化，旨在使各种形态趋于规则。

**具体案例**
1561年确认马德里为西班牙首都后，全国各地的移民涌入（主要来自北部），并且均有其方言。马德里人和来自南部的移民在清齿擦音和浊齿擦音间产生分歧，而来自北部（巴斯克以及加利西亚地区）的移民已弃用浊咝音。这两种发音使语言变得均一。从音韵学角度出发，这两种发音难以分辨而且只有少部分人使用，过程完成后，三个浊咝音弃用。

**参考文献**
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