中观应成派

中观应成派（），又称随应破派、必过性空派，大乘佛教中观学派之下的支派之一，由佛护、月称建立。这个派别的学说未传入汉传佛教，但在藏传佛教传承下来。后世的格鲁派主要采取他们的见解，并将此认定为中观派的主流。p=386, note 12

**名称**
此派得名于他们使用的辩论技巧。他们采用随应破（prasaṅga）的方式来阐述空性。清辩采用自立量来作为辩论技巧，与他们形成对立，被称为中观自续派（svātantrika）。
随应破，又译为堕过，最早起源于龙树《中论》。本意为「堕于过失」，这种辩论技巧认为对方的主张中必有过失，寻找出其过失，就可破斥其主张。当对方最后所有的立论都失败之后，就可以确认一切法都没有实体，亦即是空性的。
月称解释这种方法，为自无宗故。宗（pratijñā）是因明学术语，指主张命题；自无宗，也就是自身不需要先提出自己的意见与见解。这派的见解，同于嘉祥吉藏所说「破邪即是显正」的见解。

**历史**
随应破派的名称，最早起于佛护、月称。佛护为《中论》作注，提出随应破方法，被清辩认为此法不合理，主张应采自立量。其徒月称反驳清辩的见解，之后形成一个宗派，在那烂陀寺中传承。
月称的见解，之后为寂天继承。经阿底峡传入西藏，在噶当派中传承。经宗喀巴，成为格鲁派的中心宗义。

**注释**

**参考文献**
主要参考资料- Citation |last= Geshe Kelsang Gyatso |year =1995 |title= Ocean of Nectar |publisher= Tharpa Publications |isbn= 978-0-948006-23-4- Citation |last1=Shantarakshita |last2=Ju Mipham |year=2005 |title=The Adornment of the Middle Way |publisher= Padmakara Translation |isbn=1-59030-241-9- isbn=1-55939-166-9- isbn=978-0-19-514732-2
次要参考资料- publisher =Snow Lion Publications-  publisher =Oxford University Press-  archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190602033444/http://www.thezensite.com/ZenEssays/Nagarjuna/roots_of_zen.htm -  publisher =Simon and Schuster-  publisher =Motilal Banarsidass- publisher= Wisom Publications- publisher= Routledge- publisher= KunchabPublicaties - publisher=Shambhala- publisher= Shambhala- publisher= Motilal Banarsidass
Web-sources

**延伸阅读**
导论-  publisher =Snow Lion Publications-  publisher =Shambhala-  publisher =Shambhala
印度中观- della Santina, Peter.  Madhyamaka Schools in India.  Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi.  (1986)
西藏中观(主要/次要 参考资料)-  publisher =Shambhala (Candrakirti/Nyingma)-  isbn =1-59030-241-9 (Shantarakshita/Nyingma)- Citation | last =Tsong Khapa | year =2002 | title =The great treatise on the stages of the path to enlightenment: Volume 3| publisher =Snow Lion Publications | isbn =1-55939-166-9 (Gelugpa)- Citation | last1 =Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama | last2 =14th Dalai Lama | last3 =Berzin | first3 =Alexander | year =1997 | chapter =Session 10 | title =The Gelug/Kagyu Tradition of Mahamudra | publisher =Shambhala | url =http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Gelug-Kagyu-Tradition-of-Mahamudra-by-Dalai-Lama-and-Alexander-Berzin.pdf | accessdate =2021-01-22 | archive-date =2021-01-29 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20210129194408/http://www.holybooks.com/wp-content/uploads/The-Gelug-Kagyu-Tradition-of-Mahamudra-by-Dalai-Lama-and-Alexander-Berzin.pdf  (Gelugpa)-  publisher =Snow Lion Publications (Gelugpa)- publisher =Snow Lion Publications (Kagyu)-  publisher =Wisdom (Sakya)
西藏中观(次要参考资料)-  publisher =Wisdom Publications-  url=http://search.lib.virginia.edu/catalog/libra-oa:5949- Jay L. Garfield (2011),  Identifying the Object of Negation and the Status of Conventional Truth: Why the dGag Bya Matters So Much to Tibetan Mādhyamikas date=20180607020600 . In:  Moonshadows: Conventional Truth in Buddhist Philosophy date=20210130230417 , Oxford University Press ( focuses on the debate between Tsongkhapa and Gorampa)- Phuntsho, Karma. Mipham's Dialectics and Debates on Emptiness: To Be, Not to Be or Neither. London: RoutledgeCurzon (2005) 0-415-35252-5-  publisher =KunchabPublicaties

**参见**
中观
*中论
*中观学派

**外部连结**
 The Buddha Within by S. K. Hookham on Rangtong and Shentong