俄罗斯帝国海军

俄罗斯帝国海军（Российский императорский флот）是俄罗斯从1696年开始直到1917年之间的海军力量。
1696年俄罗斯沙皇国与奥斯曼帝国的亚速海战中，彼得大帝下令创立正规海军。其军力在18世纪下半叶至19世纪初达到了顶峰的实力，规模仅次于英法的舰队，由于在19世纪后俄罗斯的工业与经济发展缓慢海军开始进入衰退期，但经过尼古拉二世统治后期军力开始复苏，直到日俄战争后太平洋舰队遭到严重受创，第一次世界大战与德国强争波罗的海，黑海舰队则在博斯普鲁斯海峡布雷，以防止奥斯曼帝国海军进入黑海。最终由于1917年俄国革命退出一战后，波罗的海舰队撤出了芬兰湾的赫尔辛基和塔林基地，撤回喀琅施塔得。1918年象征着俄罗斯帝国海军的结束，其与双方战斗的水手与舰艇成为了建立苏联海军的核心要素。

**背景**
在沙皇米哈伊尔·费奥多罗维奇·罗曼诺夫治下，第一条沙俄自建的三桅战船于1636年完成。它叫弗里德里克号，但不幸在里海的处女航中遇风暴沉没。
在俄瑞战争(1656–58)中俄军夺取了瑞典在道加瓦河的陶格夫匹尔斯和科肯胡森军事要塞，并分别重新命名为鲍里索格莱布斯克与太子德米特里耶夫。一名有波雅尔称号的贵族Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin在后者的位置上建了船厂，建造向波罗的海航行的船只，但是之后俄国又败于瑞典而交还了所有得到的土地，尚未完工的船只也被毁。
波雅尔Ordin-Nashchyokin失败后并没有因此放弃，并转移注意到伏尔加河与里海，随后沙皇批准波雅尔带来了荷兰造船专家到奥卡河和伏尔加河的汇合处附近的小镇，于1667年冬季开始造船，在2年内完成了4艘船分别为1艘桨帆船命名为 Орёл("Oryol" = "鹰")与其他3艘小船

**参见**
 俄国海军战舰列表

**注释**

**参考文献**
  Russian Submarine forces historydate=20140901074114 -  History of the Russian Navydate=20160610083056 -  Web site focusing on submarine history and the works of Irish-American inventor, John Philip Holland and his company which was known as The Holland Torpedo Boat Company. See Fulton and look under Russian submarines (Som Class) Type 7-P.-  date=20220506181616  Russian submarine history can be located on this site.- Boyevaya letopis' russkogo flota. Khronika vazhneishikh sobytii voyennoi istorii russkogo flota s IX veka po 1917 god. - Voyenizdat, Moskva, 1948. ( Combat Annales of the Russian Navy. Chronicle of the Most Important Events of the Russian Navy History from the 9th century up to 1917date=20130130114247 )- Corbett, Julian, Sir. Maritime Operations in the Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905. (1994). ISBN 1-55750-129-7- Forczyk, Robert. Russian Battleship vs Japanese Battleship, Yellow Sea 1904-05. (2009) Osprey. ISBN 978-1-84603-330-8.- Grant, R. Captain. Before Port Arthur in a Destroyer; The Personal Diary of a Japanese Naval Officer. London, John Murray; first and second editions published in 1907.- Olender, Piotr. Russo-Japanese Naval War 1904-1905, Vol. 2, Battle of Tsushima. (2010); Published by Stratus s.c., Sandomierz, Poland.  ISBN 978-83-61421-02-3.- Pleshakov, Constantine. The Tsar's Last Armada: The Epic Voyage to the Battle of Tsushima.  (2002). ISBN 0-465-05792-6- Semenov, Vladimir, Capt. The Battle of Tsushima. Originally published in 1907. (1912) E. P. Dutton & CO.- Showell, Jak M. The U-Boat Century; German Submarine Warfare 1906-2006. (2006); Chatham Publishing, Great Britain. ISBN 1-86176-241-0.- Russian Warships in the Age of Sail, 1696-1860: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. John Tredrea and Eduard Sozaev. Seaforth Publishing, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84832-058-1.

**阅读**
  Elagin Sergei Ivanovich. (1864)  History of the Russian fleet. Period of Azovdate=20101106121846  (История русского флота. Период Азовский) DjVu and PDF formats at Runivers.ru-  Viskovatov A.  A brief historical overview of sea voyages of Russian and shipping them at all until the outcome of the 17th century date=20211205035224  (1864) DjVu format at Runivers.ru-  Veselago Theodosius F.  List of Russian warships from 1668 to 1869 date=20211205040709  (1872) DjVu and PDF formats at Runivers.ru-  Veselago Theodosius F.  Essays on Russian naval history date=20211116025315  (1875) DjVu and PDF formats at Runivers.ru-  Veselago Theodosius F.  Brief information about the Russian naval battles in two centuries from 1656 to 1856 date=20211205035222  (1871) DjVu and PDF formats at Runivers.ru-  Belavenets Peter Ivanovich.  Do We Need a fleet and its significance in the history of Russia date=20211205040754  (1910). DjVu format at Runivers.ru-  Arens, Evgeniy.  Russian Navy (1904)date=20101219173224 . DjVu and PDF formats at Runivers.ru