蝾螺科

蝾螺科（学名：Turbinidae）是一个包括有小型到大型海洋腹足纲软体动物的一个科WoRMS_503。旧属原始腹足目，现时蝾螺科是钟螺目钟螺总科之下的一个科Bouchet 2017。
本科在2005年的分类很庞大，包含多个亚科与物种Bouchet 2005，但这些亚科后来都从蝾螺科独立出来，组成各自的科与总科，到现在又重聚到钟螺总科之下Bouchet 2017。

**型态特征**
本科物种的一大特征，是其钙质的口盖，使之与非常近似但有着角质口盖的钟螺科物种分辨开来。蝾螺科物种坚固的口盖成为了牠们的一种被动的防御构造，得以抵挡捕食者尝试从其壳口或壳唇进侵其柔软的身体。
贝壳多呈陀螺形。分布于热带、亚热带、温带的海洋，以热带水域为多，栖息于潮间带到浅海之岩礁区。

**分布及栖息地**
按照Williams et al. (2008)，蝾螺科物种由多个支序组成，而且无论在浅水区或深水区皆有其物种栖息Williams 2008。本科物种有很广阔的分布范围，从热带到极带均有分布，但绝大多数物种都栖息于热带及亚热带的浅水区。

**分类**
蝾螺科原为前鳃亚纲原始腹足目蝾螺总科的成员。现时蝾螺总科成为了钟螺总科的异名。然而，这一个颇为古老的腹足纲群组很可能源于2.98亿到2.50亿年前的二叠纪。本科物种的型态仍然保有多种原始的特征，例如：牠们的螺壳内的珠母层。

**2005年分类**
根据布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年)，蝾螺科是蝾螺总科的成员，由下列八个亚科组成Bouchet 2005：- Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815 - synonyms: Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941- 海豚螺亚科 Angariinae Gray, 1857：又名棘冠螺亚科，Delphinulinae Stoliczka, 1868是本亚科的异名。- 缩口螺亚科 Colloniinae Cossmann, 1917
** tribe Colloniini Cossmann, 1917 - synonym: Bothropomatinae Thiele, 1924 (inv.); Homalopomatinae Keen, 1960; Petropomatinae Cox, 1960
** tribe † Adeorbisinini Monari, Conti & szabo, 1995
** tribe † Crossostomatini Cox, 1960
** tribe † Helicocryptini Cox, 1960- Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990- † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997- Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：异名： Prisogastrinae in Bouchet & Rocroi (2005)，拼写错误。WoRMS_382193
*篷螺亚科 Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851：Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924是本亚科的异名。- Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

**2008年分类**
Astraea rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767), a fossil turbinid from the Pliocene of Cyprus.
根据Williams et al. (2008)的研究成果，蝾螺科被重新定义，还被移到钟螺总科Williams 2008。与此同时，原来蝾螺科之下的海豚螺亚科获提至科级，成为了钟螺总科之下的海豚螺科（Angariidae）；而原来蝾螺科的缩口螺亚科在提升至科级成为缩口螺科（Colloniidae）之余，再与蝾螺总科的雉螺科改为合组新的雉螺总科（Phasianelloidea Swainson, 1840）Williams 2008；Margaritinae was moved to Turbinidae from TrochidaeWilliams 2008。这个时候的蝾螺科包括下列五个亚科Williams 2008：- 蝾螺亚科 Turbininae Rafinesque, 1815：异名有 Senectinae Swainson, 1840; Imperatorinae Gray, 1847; Astraliinae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854; Astraeinae Davies, 1935; Bolmidae Delpey, 1941- Skeneinae W. Clark, 1851 - synonym: Delphinoideinae Thiele, 1924 (upgraded to the rank of family Skeneidae)- Margaritinae Thiele, 1924：根据布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类 (2005年)，这个亚科由以下三个族组成。upgraded to the rank of family Margaritidae
** tribe Margaritini Thiele, 1924 - synonym: Margaritinae Stoliczka, 1868 (inv.)
** tribe Gazini Hickman & McLean, 1990
** tribe Kaiparathinini Marshall, 1993- Tegulinae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971：获提升至科级成为Tegulidae Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971- Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990
下列在2005年分类提及过的亚科都保留了：- Moellerinae Hickman & McLean, 1990：但Moelleria这个属的物种并未有包括在2010年的分子研究里- † Moreanellinae J. C. Fischer & Weber, 1997

**2017年分类**
亚伦氏螺属（Yaronia Mienis, 2011）被重新分到缩口螺科去。
以下为本科现时余下的属。

**属**
The shell of Guildfordia yoka, a deep water turbinid
现时本科包括以下各属：
不属于任何亚科：- Phanerolepida Dall, 1907- Tropidomarga Powell, 1951
蝾螺亚科（Turbininae）WoRMS_225151
Lithopoma tectum- Astraea Röding, 1798- 星螺属 Astralium Link, 1807- Bellastraea Iredale, 1924- 拟星螺属 Bolma Risso, 1826- Cookia Lesson, 1832- 刺螺属 Guildfordia Gray, 1850- Lithopoma Gray, 1850- 珠螺属 Lunella Röding, 1798- Megastraea McLean, 1970- Modelia Gray, 1850- Pomaulax Gray, 1850- Sarmaturbo Powell, 1938 †- 蝾螺属 Turbo Linnaeus, 1758：模式属- Uvanilla Gray, 1850
Prisogasterinae Hickman & McLean, 1990- Prisogaster  Mörch, 1850
异名：- Astrea Link, 1807: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798- Agathistoma Olsson & Harbison, 1953: synonym of Tegula Lesson, 1832- Amyxa Troschel, 1852: synonym of Prisogaster Mörch, 1850- Calcar Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Canthorbis Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798- Cardinalia Gray, 1842: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810- Crosseia P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Crossea A. Adams, 1865- Cyclocantha Swainson, 1840: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Dinassovica Iredale, 1937: synonym of Turbo (Turbo) Linnaeus, 1758 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758- Distellifer Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Foliastralium Habe & Okutani, 1980: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Galeoastraea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Halopsephus Rehder, 1943: synonym of Turbo (Halopsephus) Rehder, 1943 represented as Turbo Linnaeus, 1758- Harisazaea Habe, 1958: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Imperator Montfort, 1810: synonym of Astraea Röding, 1798-   † Incilaster Finlay, 1926: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Livona Gray, 1842: synonym of Cittarium Philippi, 1847- Lunatica Röding, 1798: synonym of Turbo Linnaeus, 1758- Macropelmus Gistel, 1848: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Margarita Leach, 1819: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847- Micrastraea Cotton, 1939: synonym of Bellastraea Iredale, 1924- Notosetia Iredale, 1915: synonym of Putilla A. Adams, 1867- Okinawastraea Habe & Okutani, 1981: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- † Oobolma Sacco, 1896 : synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- † Ormastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Pachypoma Gray, 1850: synonym of Lithopoma Gray, 1850- Pagocalcar Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Pseudastralium Schepman, 1908: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Pyramidea Swainson, 1840: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810- Pyramis Schumacher, 1817: synonym of Tectus Montfort, 1810- Rugastella Iredale, 1937: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Senobolma Okutani, 1964: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Stella P. Fischer, 1885: synonym of Astralium Link, 1807- Submargarita Strebel, 1908: synonym of Lissotesta Iredale, 1915- Tharsiella Bush, 1897: synonym of Cirsonella Angas, 1877- Trochiscus G.B. Sowerby I, 1838: synonym of Norrisia Bayle, 1880- † Tylastralium Sacco, 1896: synonym of Bolma Risso, 1826- Valvatella Gray, 1857: synonym of Margarites Gray, 1847

**参考文献**
 Marshall, B.A. 1988. Skeneidae, Vitrinellidae and Orbitestellidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) associated with biogenic substrata from bathyal depths off New Zealand and New South Wales. Journal of Natural History 22(4): 949-1004.- Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp.- cite journal |last1=Williams |first1=Suzanne T. |last2=Karube |first2=S. |last3=Ozawa |first3=T. |year=2008 |title=Molecular systematics of Vetigastropoda: Trochidae, Turbinidae and Trochoidea redefined |journal=Zoologica Scripta |volume=37 |pages=483–506 |language=en 

**外部连结**
  Seashells of New South Wales : Turbinidae date=20210308091029 -  Seashells of New South Wales: Skeneinae date=20210308091328