亚历克斯·麦克莱什

亚历山大·"亚历斯"·麦利殊（Alexander "Alex" McLeish，catidx=McLeish, Alex）是一名苏格兰前足球运动员，退役后担任领队，曾两度执教苏格兰。生于苏格兰格拉斯哥，麦利殊在1980年代效力处于黄金时期的鸭巴甸，司职中坚，为球会上阵接近500场，并曾为苏格兰参赛77场国际赛。
他于马瑟韦尔和喜百年开展领队事业，其后转投格拉斯哥流浪，任教5年期间赢得两次联赛锦标和5项杯赛冠军。麦利殊出任苏格兰主帅10个月，差一点未能带队闯入2008年欧洲足球锦标赛决赛圈。他于2007年11月辞职加盟英超的伯明翰城，虽然球队于球季结束后降班，但一年后即重返英超。伯明翰城赢得联赛杯冠军，但球队再次于季后降班英冠。麦利殊请辞后转投伯明翰城同市死敌阿士东维拉，是首名直接由伯明翰城加盟维拉的领队，亦是继朗·桑达士（Ron Saunders）后第二位曾分别任教伯明翰两支顶级球队的领队。麦利殊带领下维拉于2011/12年球季仅以两分之微幸免降班，但他仍难逃被辞退的命运。约隐11个月后，于2012年12月获聘为英冠诺定咸森林的新帅，惟上任仅40日便下堂求去。
为表扬他对苏格兰体坛的贡献，阿伯丁大学于2008年颁授荣誉博士学位予麦利殊。

**生平**

**早年**
麦利殊在苏格兰格拉斯哥的杜克街医院（Duke Street Hospital）出生，父亲老阿历斯（Alex）是一名船厂工人，母亲名为珍（Jean），家里还有两名弟妹安琪拉（Angela）和伊安（Ian）。曾分别居于格拉斯哥的柏克黑德（Parkhead）和坚宁公园（Kinning Park），但于麦利殊达到上学年龄后不久举家迁移到伦弗鲁郡（Renfrewshire）的巴尔黑德（Barrhead）定居。他就读于斯普林希尔小学（Springhill Primary）和巴尔黑德高中（Barrhead High School），其后转到佩斯利的约翰·尼尔森高中（John Neilson High School）。
少年时期麦利殊代表巴尔黑德青年会（Barrhead Youth Club）和格拉斯哥联（Glasgow United）上阵，亦曾短时间在咸美顿接受训练。1976年麦利殊为格拉斯哥联在一场地区杯赛决赛上阵，包括鸭巴甸时任领队艾利·麦李欧德（Ally MacLeod）在内的代表团到场观战，翌日麦利殊便签约正式加盟鸭巴甸。

**球员**

**球会**
鸭巴甸年代
麦利殊加盟鸭巴甸后的首两个球季大部分时间在预备队参赛，并曾外借到地区初级球队刘易斯联（Lewis United）。他在比利·麦克尼尔（Billy McNeill）麾下首次为一队上阵是于1978年1月2日的新年档期对邓迪联；而他的首场主要决赛是在亚历克斯·弗格森任内于1978/79年度苏格兰联赛杯以1-2负于格拉斯哥流浪中后补登场。但其后的7个球季麦利殊取得重大的成就，分别赢得8个本土及2个欧洲锦标。职业生涯亮点包括为「导师」（Dons）上阵第200场于1982年苏格兰足总杯决赛以4-1击败格拉斯哥流浪中取得入球，及在1983年的欧洲优胜者杯决赛击败皇家马德里夺标。 
During this period, McLeish formed a formidable defensive triumvirate with 威利·米勒（Willie Miller） and 吉姆·礼顿（Jim Leighton） for both club and country. When Ferguson left in 1986 to go to 曼联, he tried to get McLeish to sign, but it did not work out; he also had talks with 热刺. 他在1990年赢得苏格兰FWA足球先生 , after a season in which Aberdeen won both domestic cups. He was captain of Aberdeen after the retirement of Willie Miller.
Even after he had won his first 苏格兰 cap, McLeish's father asked then Aberdeen boss 亚历克斯·弗格森to persuade him to continue training as an 会计师.

**国家队**
麦利殊是代表苏格兰历史以来拥有出场次数最多排名第三位，由1980年开始至1993年期间总共77场。 He was first capped for the 苏格兰U21 team while still a reserve player at Aberdeen by his former club manager Ally MacLeod, eventually gaining six caps at that level. His full international debut came on 26 March 1980 against 葡萄牙, manager 乔克·斯泰恩 playing him in midfield alongside 阿奇·格米尔（Archie Gemmill） and 格雷姆·索内斯. He played in three 世界杯 with 苏格兰, in 1982年, 1986年 and 1990年. He is a member of both the 苏格兰足球名人堂 and the 苏格兰足球国际赛代表荣誉榜. On the occasion of his 50th cap, against 卢森堡 in 1987, McLeish was appointed team captain for the game. His final cap came on 17 February 1993 in a 3–0 win over 马尔他 at 咸普顿公园球场 during the 1994年世界杯 qualifiers. He never scored in his 77 appearances for Scotland.

**领队**
马瑟韦尔
After his successful playing career he quickly went into football 管理 with 马瑟韦尔 in 1994, one year before he retired as a player. His first season at Motherwell saw him take the 拉纳克郡（Lanarkshire） club to second in the Premier Division behind 沃尔特·史密斯's 格拉斯哥流浪. However, he failed to build on this success and the next two season were spent in relegation battles. He resigned as manager to take over at 喜百年 in 1998.
喜百年
McLeish took over a struggling Hibernian side, which was relegated from the 苏格兰足球联赛超级联赛 in 1998 despite a slight upturn in fortunes under McLeish. He then guided the 爱丁堡 team back to the 苏超 at the first attempt by winning the 苏甲 championship. 
Hibernian consolidated in their first season back in the top division, finishing mid-table and reaching the 苏格兰足总杯 semi-final. In the 2000–01 season, Hibs started very strongly. Eventually they had to settle for third place and a Scottish Cup final appearance. This performance attracted the attention of bigger clubs, including 韦斯咸 and 格拉斯哥流浪.
McLeish attracted top players such as 拉塞尔·拉塔皮（Russell Latapy） and former 法国国脚 弗兰克·索济（Franck Sauzée） to Hibs. He also helped develop young striker 肯尼·米勒（Kenny Miller）, who would later go on to play for Scotland.
During this period McLeish worked towards and was awarded a 欧洲足协专业牌照（UEFA Pro Licence）.
格拉斯哥流浪
His work at Hibs was noticed, and he was linked with several moves to England, before he was appointed as 格拉斯哥流浪 manager in December 2001 after outgoing Rangers manager 迪克·艾德沃卡特 recommended McLeish to chairman 大卫·穆雷（David Murray）.
McLeish was an instant success at Rangers, winning both the 苏格兰足总杯 and 苏格兰联赛杯 in his first season, but the big prize of the league title was essentially lost before his arrival. His second season saw him go one better when he won the domestic treble, with the help of players such as 罗纳德·德波尔 and 巴利·费格逊. 
Rangers' worsening financial state saw many of his top players leave in the summer of 2003. Celtic won the league comfortably in season 2003–04, and Rangers failed to win any trophies. McLeish was consequently put under pressure from fans after his poor signings and a record run of seven consecutive derby losses to Celtic.
The high profile 波士文法案 signings of 让-阿兰·布姆松 and 达多·普尔绍 in the close season of 2004–05 gave Rangers renewed hope of regaining the title from Celtic's grasp. McLeish's team won the 2005 league title on a dramatic last day, an outcome that had looked highly unlikely after Rangers fell five points behind leaders Celtic with just four games remaining.
After this unexpected success, McLeish and his Rangers team headed into the 2005/06年球季 SPL campaign as favourites to retain the championship. McLeish made a number of signings, including 朱利安·罗德里格斯（Julien Rodriguez） and 伊恩·穆雷（Ian Murray）, despite having little money to spend. After a reasonable start to the season, including a win over Celtic, Rangers suffered a series of poor results between September and November. This period included a club record of 10 games without a win. However the tenth match of this run, a 1–1 draw with 国际米兰 in the 欧洲冠军联赛, took Rangers into the knockout stages of the tournament for the first time.
Despite the poor domestic form, McLeish guided Rangers to the last 16 of the Champions League, where they were defeated on the 作客入球优惠制 by 比利亚雷阿尔. They became the first Scottish team to progress this far in the European Cup since 1993, and the first Scottish team to progress through a European group stage. In December, chairman David Murray publicly announced his support for McLeish. Rangers then went on a good run of results in December and January. 
This run of good results came to a sudden halt when they were defeated 3–0 by Hibernian in the Scottish Cup, prompting protests outside Ibrox against both McLeish and David Murray. On 9 February 2006, it was announced by chairman David Murray that McLeish would be standing down as manager at the end of that season. 
It was later announced that he would be succeeded by 前 里昂 总教练 保罗·勒冈（Paul Le Guen）. Rangers beat 赫斯 2–0 at 埃布罗克斯球场 in his final match as manager.
苏格兰国家队
麦克莱什表示离开格拉斯哥流浪者后不再执教其他苏格兰的俱乐部，because he felt that he had achieved everything in the Scottish game. He was linked in the media with a number of managerial positions in England while he worked as a television pundit for the 英国广播公司 and 塞坦塔体育频道（Setanta Sports）.
2007年1月29日，麦克莱什执教 苏格兰国家队 ， 他的助教为罗伊·艾特肯（Roy Aitken）与安迪·沃森（Andy Watson）。
麦克莱什带领的苏格兰国家队首场比赛是2008年欧洲足球锦标赛外围赛，在2007年3月24日在咸普顿公园球场以2-1击败格鲁吉亚。 His second game was an away fixture against 意大利 on 28 March 2007 which ended in a 2–0 defeat.
McLeish's Scotland side then went on to defeat the 法罗群岛 away in June, 立陶宛 at home in September before recording a historic victory in 巴黎 four days later by defeating 法国 1–0 in the 王子公园体育场. 詹姆斯·麦克法登（James McFadden）'s 64th-minute strike from 30 yards was enough to earn Scotland the win and returned them to the top of Group B with three games to play. This result has been hailed as one of the Scotland national team's greatest victories. Scotland's next success was at home to 乌克兰, winning 3–1 at Hampden on 13 October. McLeish suffered his second defeat as manager, away in Georgia on 17 October. This result left him facing a decider against the World Champions, Italy. Scotland lost the game, McLeish's last, and Italy qualified for the finals.
伯明翰城
执教伯明翰城时的麦利殊
2007年11月27日，苏格兰足球协会发出声明拒绝英格兰足球超级联赛球会伯明翰城向其提出要求准许接触麦利殊商讨接任领队之要求但同日麦利殊于出席完于南非举行之2010年世界杯外围赛抽签仪式返回苏格兰后就向苏格兰足球协会辞任苏格兰国家队领队。翌日，伯明翰宣布麦利殊为新任领队并签约三年半，他于苏格兰国家队的助手Roy Aitken及Andy Watson会一并加盟。麦利殊称他一直希望能每日和球员一起工作及能于英超球会担任管理，能有此挑战他感到很兴奋。
He enjoyed a positive managerial debut with Birmingham, winning 3–2 away to 热刺. 在2008年1月的 转会窗， 麦克莱什为强化球队战力，先签下大卫·墨菲、詹姆斯·麦克法登（James McFadden）；又以租借方式签下阿根廷U20小国脚的毛罗·萨拉特，while generating funds by allowing fringe players to leave. He was unable to save Birmingham from relegation, despite the team recording an impressive 4–1 victory over 布力般流浪 on the last day of the season.
McLeish changed the club's backroom staff and training procedures, 聘请大卫·华特森 担任守门员教练一职，and overhauled the scouting setup, bringing in 保罗·蒙哥马利（Paul Montgomery） – the scout who recommended a relatively unknown 迪迪埃·德罗巴 to 韦斯咸 – to oversee player recruitment.
On the final day of the 2008–09 season, McLeish secured Birmingham's return to the top flight of English football at the first attempt with a 2–1 away victory over 雷丁. By mid-January 2010, he had guided them to a 12-game unbeaten run, a club record in the top division, set a Premier League record by selecting the same starting eleven for nine consecutive games, 当选「英超每月最佳领队」for December 2009, the first Birmingham manager to receive the award. By the end of the season McLeish had led Birmingham to ninth place, their highest finish for more than 50 years.
Following Birmingham's success during the 2009–10 season, McLeish agreed a new three-year deal with the club in September 2010.
In February 2011, McLeish led Birmingham to victory in the 联赛杯, defeating favourites 阿仙奴 2–1 in 决赛 at 温布利球场 in what he described as "relatively speaking, ... his greatest achievement".
However, a poor run of form followed the League Cup win, and Birmingham were relegated to the 英格兰足球冠军联赛 on the last day of the 2010–11 season.2011年5月23日，伯明翰代理主席称麦利殊会继续担任领队职位，最重要任务是下一球季能取得返回英超资格。2011年6月12日，伯明翰证实麦利殊以电邮形式向球会请辞。
阿士东维拉
2011年6月17日，刚辞职伯明翰城领队5天后，同市球队阿士东维拉任命麦利殊为领队，并签约三年即时生效。 There was much controversy surrounding his appointment as Birmingham City claimed McLeish was still under contract and filed a complaint against Aston Villa to the Premier League while Villa claimed McLeish was a free agent. 阿士东维拉球迷于正式任命麦利殊为领队前一日在维拉公园球场外进行抗议及涂鸦，之后一些反对麦利殊的涂鸦被抺掉。麦利殊首名签入的球员为在曼城不受重用的守门员沙伊·吉文，并签约五年, 接着以950万英镑购入韦根法国籍翼锋查尔斯·恩佐比亚签约五年。 麦利殊首场带领阿士东维拉的正式比赛为英超作客卡云农舍球场对富咸，最终以0–0握手言和。之后第二轮英超主场对布力般流浪比赛以3–1 胜出，为麦利殊带来首场胜利。但接着四场英超比赛都是和局收场。到第七轮英超主场对韦根以 3–1 胜出。 但在第八轮英超作客曼城时被1–4撃败，结朿当季不败纪录。 麦利殊于2011年大除夕当日英超作客车路士并以3–1 反胜可称为当季代表作。2013年1月12日美职联洛杉矶银河同意将罗比·基恩借用至阿士东维拉到2月25日。而罗比·基恩于2012年1月21日英超护级大战作客狼队时于连入两球令阿士东维拉反胜3–2。麦利殊所带领之维拉于2011/12年英超球季排名第16位，比降级球会只多两分及创出全季只得四场主场胜出比赛之最差纪录。 2012年5月14日阿士东维拉宣布由于成绩差及表现未如理想即时辞退领队麦利殊。 麦利殊至今仍保持阿士东维拉历任领队历史上得胜率最差领队，只得21.4%。 
诺定咸森林
麦利殊于2012年12月27日就任英冠球会诺定咸森林新领队。
2013年2月5日，麦利殊上任领队40天后因成绩欠佳，与经双方同意，离职诺定咸森林。在任期间比赛7场(6场联赛、1场足总杯)，只取得1胜2和4负成绩。

**荣誉**

**球员**
鸭巴甸- 苏格兰足球超级联赛冠军（3）：1979/80年、1983/84年、1984/85年；- 苏格兰足总杯冠军（5）：1981/82年、1982/83年、1983/84年、1985/86年、1989/90年；- 苏格兰联赛杯冠军（2）：1985/86年、1989/90年；- 欧洲优胜者杯冠军（1）：1982/83年；- 欧洲超级杯冠军（1）：1983年；

**领队**
马瑟韦尔- 苏格兰足球超级联赛亚军（1）：1994/95年；
喜百年- 苏格兰足球甲级联赛冠军（1）：1998/99年；- 苏格兰足总杯亚军（1）：2001年；
格拉斯哥流浪- 苏格兰足球超级联赛冠军（2）：2002/03年、2004/05年；- 苏格兰足总杯冠军（2）：2002年、2003年；- 苏格兰联赛杯冠军（3）：2002年、2003年、2005年；
伯明翰城- 英格兰足球冠军联赛亚军（1）：2008/09年；- 英格兰联赛杯冠军（1）：2010/11年；

**个人**
 苏格兰足球名人堂：2005年入选；- 苏超每月最佳领队（9）：2000年10月、2002年2月、2002年9月、2003年2月、2003年8月、2003年9月、2004年11月、2005年2月、2006年1月 ；- 英超每月最佳领队（1）：2009年12月 ；

**参考资料**

**外部连结**
name=亚历斯·麦利殊
*name=亚历斯·麦利殊