罗伯特·格雷夫斯

罗伯特·冯兰克·格雷夫斯（Robert von Ranke Graves，catIdx=Graves），英国诗人、学者、小说家暨翻译家。专门从事古希腊和罗马作品的研究，在他漫长的一生中，他创作了140余部作品。他的回忆录《向一切告别》（1929年）讲述了他在第一次世界大战中的经历；他被誉为最优秀的英语爱情诗诗人。
他以写作为生，他的历史小说如《耶稣王》（King Jesus）、关于古罗马皇帝克劳狄的两部曲《我，克劳迪亚斯》（I， Claudius）与《被神化的克劳狄和他的妻子梅萨利纳》（Claudius the God and His Wife Messalina）、以及拜占庭帝国贝利撒留的生平故事《贝利撒留伯爵》（Count Belisarius）特别受欢迎。他也是杰出的古典拉丁语和古希腊文的翻译家，1934年格雷夫斯因小说《我，克劳迪斯》被授予詹姆斯·泰特·布莱克纪念奖。

**作品**

**诗集**
 Country Sentiment, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1920- Over the Brazier. London: William Heinemann, 1923; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1923.- The Feather Bed. Richmond, Surrey: Hogarth Press, 1923.- Mock Beggar Hall. London: Hogarth Press, 1924.- Welchmans Hose. London: The Fleuron, 1925.- Poems. London: Ernest Benn, 1925.- The Marmosites Miscellany (as John Doyle). London: Hogarth Press, 1925.- Poems (1914–1926). London: William Heinemann, 1927; Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1929.- Poems (1914–1927). London: William Heinemann- To Whom Else? Deyá, Majorca: Seizin Press, 1931.- Poems 1930–1933. London: Arthur Barker, 1933.- Collected Poems. London: Cassell, 1938; New York: Random House, 1938.- No More Ghosts: Selected Poems. London: Faber & Faber, 1940.- Work in Hand, with Norman Cameron and Alan Hodge. London: Hogarth Press, 1942.- Poems. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1943.- Poems 1938–1945. London: Cassell, 1945; New York: Creative Age Press, 1946.- Collected Poems (1914–1947). London: Cassell, 1948.- Poems and Satires. London: Cassell, 1951.- Poems 1953. London: Cassell, 1953.- Collected Poems 1955. New York: Doubleday, 1955.- Poems Selected by Himself. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1957; rev. 1961, 1966, 1972, 1978.- The Poems of Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1958.- Collected Poems 1959. London: Cassell, 1959.- The Penny Fiddle: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1960; New York: Doubleday, 1961.- More Poems 1961. London: Cassell, 1961.- Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1961.- New Poems 1962. London: Cassell, 1962; as New Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1963.- The More Deserving Cases: Eighteen Old Poems for Reconsideration. Marlborough College Press, 1962.- Man Does, Woman Is. London: Cassell, 1964/New York:Doubleday, 1964.- Ann at Highwood Hall: Poems for Children. London: Cassell, 1964.- Love Respelt. London: Cassell, 1965/New York: Doubleday, 1966.- One Hard Look, 1965- Collected Poems, 1965. London: Cassell, 1965.- Seventeen Poems Missing from "Love Respelt". privately printed, 1966.- Colophon to "Love Respelt". Privately printed, 1967.- Poems 1965–1968. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.- Poems About Love. London: Cassell, 1969; New York: Doubleday, 1969.- Love Respelt Again. New York: Doubleday, 1969.- Beyond Giving. privately printed, 1969.- Poems 1968–1970. London: Cassell, 1970; New York: Doubleday, 1971.- The Green-Sailed Vessel. privately printed, 1971.- Poems: Abridged for Dolls and Princes. London: Cassell, 1971.- Poems 1970–1972. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.- Deyá, A Portfolio. London: Motif Editions, 1972.- Timeless Meeting: Poems. privately printed, 1973.- At the Gate. privately printed, London, 1974.- Collected Poems 1975. London: Cassell, 1975.- New Collected Poems. New York: Doubleday, 1977.- Selected Poems, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Penguin, 1986- The Centenary Selected Poems, ed. Patrick Quinn. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.-  Complete Poems Volume 1, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.-  Complete Poems Volume 2, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1996.-  Complete Poems Volume 3, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1999.-  The Complete Poems in One Volume, ed. Beryl Graves and Dunstan Ward. Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.

**小说**
 My Head! My Head!. London: Secker, 1925; Alfred. A. Knopf, New York, 1925.- The Shout. London: Mathews & Marrot, 1929.- No Decency Left. (with Laura Riding) (as Barbara Rich). London: Jonathan Cape, 1932.- The Real David Copperfield. London: Arthur Barker, 1933; as David Copperfield, by Charles Dickens, Condensed by Robert Graves, ed. M. P. Paine. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1934.- I, Claudius. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1934.
** Sequel: Claudius the God and his Wife Messalina. London: Arthur Barker, 1934; New York: Smith & Haas, 1935.- Antigua, Penny, Puce. Deyá, Majorca/London: Seizin Press/Constable, 1936; New York: Random House, 1937.- Count Belisarius. London: Cassell, 1938: Random House, New York, 1938.- Sergeant Lamb of the Ninth. London: Methuen, 1940; as Sergeant Lamb's America. New York: Random House, 1940.
** Sequel: Proceed, Sergeant Lamb. London: Methuen, 1941; New York: Random House, 1941.- The Story of Marie Powell: Wife to Mr. Milton. London: Cassell, 1943; as Wife to Mr Milton: The Story of Marie Powell. New York: Creative Age Press, 1944.- The Golden Fleece. London: Cassell, 1944; as Hercules, My Shipmate, New York: Creative Age Press, 1945.- King Jesus. New York: Creative Age Press, 1946; London: Cassell, 1946.- Watch the North Wind Rise. New York: Creative Age Press, 1949; as Seven Days in New Crete. London: Cassell, 1949.- The Islands of Unwisdom. New York: Doubleday, 1949; as The Isles of Unwisdom. London: Cassell, 1950.- Homer's Daughter. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1955.- Catacrok! Mostly Stories, Mostly Funny. London: Cassell, 1956.- They Hanged My Saintly Billy. London: Cassell, 1957; New York: Doubleday, 1957.- Collected Short Stories. Doubleday: New York, 1964; Cassell, London, 1965.- An Ancient Castle. London: Peter Owen, 1980.

**其他作品**
 On English Poetry. New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1922; London: Heinemann, 1922.- The Meaning of Dreams. London: Cecil Palmer, 1924; New York: Greenberg, 1925.- Poetic Unreason and Other Studies. London: Cecil Palmer, 1925.- Contemporary Techniques of Poetry: A Political Analogy. London: Hogarth Press, 1925.- Another Future of Poetry. London: Hogarth Press, 1926.- Impenetrability or The Proper Habit of English. London: Hogarth Press, 1927.- The English Ballad: A Short Critical Survey. London: Ernest Benn, 1927; revised as English and Scottish Ballads. London: William Heinemann, 1957; New York: Macmillan, 1957.- Lars Porsena or The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1927; E. P. Dutton, New York, 1927; revised as The Future of Swearing and Improper Language. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1936.
*A Survey of Modernist Poetry (with Laura Riding). London: William Heinemann, 1927; New York: Doubleday, 1928.- Lawrence and the Arabs. London: Jonathan Cape, 1927; as Lawrence and the Arabian Adventure. New York: Doubleday, 1928.- A Pamphlet Against Anthologies (with Laura Riding). London: Jonathan Cape, 1928; as Against Anthologies. New York: Doubleday, 1928.- Mrs. Fisher or The Future of Humour. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.- Good-bye to All That: An Autobiography. London: Jonathan Cape, 1929; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1930; rev., New York: Doubleday, 1957; London: Cassell, 1957; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1960.- But It Still Goes On: An Accumulation. London: Jonathan Cape, 1930; New York: Jonathan Cape and Smith, 1931.- T. E. Lawrence to His Biographer Robert Graves. New York: Doubleday, 1938; London: Faber & Faber, 1939.- The Long Weekend (with Alan Hodge). London: Faber & Faber, 1940; New York: Macmillan, 1941.- The Reader Over Your Shoulder (with Alan Hodge). London: Jonathan Cape, 1943; New York: Macmillan, 1943.- The White Goddess. London: Faber & Faber, 1948; New York: Creative Age Press, 1948; rev., London: Faber & Faber, 1952, 1961; New York: Alfred. A. Knopf, 1958.- The Common Asphodel: Collected Essays on Poetry 1922–1949. London: Hamish Hamilton, 1949.- Occupation: Writer. New York: Creative Age Press, 1950; London: Cassell, 1951.- The Golden Ass of Apuleius, New York: Farrar, Straus, 1951.- The Nazarene Gospel Restored (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1953; New York: Doubleday, 1954.- The Greek Myths. London: Penguin, 1955; Baltimore: Penguin, 1955.- The Crowning Privilege: The Clark Lectures, 1954–1955. London: Cassell, 1955; New York: Doubleday, 1956.- Adam's Rib. London: Trianon Press, 1955; New York: Yoseloff, 1958.- Jesus in Rome (with Joshua Podro). London: Cassell, 1957.- Steps. London: Cassell, 1958.- 5 Pens in Hand. New York: Doubleday, 1958.- The Anger of Achilles. New York: Doubleday, 1959.- Food for Centaurs. New York: Doubleday, 1960.- Greek Gods and Heroes. New York: Doubleday, 1960; as Myths of Ancient Greece. London: Cassell, 1961.- Selected Poetry and Prose (ed. James Reeves). London: Hutchinson, 1961.- Oxford Addresses on Poetry. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1962.- The Siege and Fall of Troy. London: Cassell, 1962; New York: Doubleday, 1963.- The Big Green Book. New York: Crowell Collier, 1962; Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1978. Illustrated by Maurice Sendak- Hebrew Myths. The Book of Genesis (with Raphael Patai). New York: Doubleday, 1964; London: Cassell, 1964.- Majorca Observed. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.- Mammon and the Black Goddess. London: Cassell, 1965; New York: Doubleday, 1965.- Two Wise Children. New York: Harlin Quist, 1966; London: Harlin Quist, 1967.- The Rubaiyyat of Omar Khayyam (with Omar Ali-Shah). London: Cassell, 1967.- Poetic Craft and Principle. London: Cassell, 1967.- The Poor Boy Who Followed His Star. London: Cassell, 1968; New York: Doubleday, 1969.- Greek Myths and Legends. London: Cassell, 1968.- The Crane Bag. London: Cassell, 1969.- On Poetry: Collected Talks and Essays. New York: Doubleday, 1969.- Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. London: Cassell, 1972; New York: Doubleday, 1973.- In Broken Images: Selected Letters 1914–1946, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1982- Between Moon and Moon: Selected Letters 1946–1972, ed. Paul O'Prey. London: Hutchinson, 1984- Collected Writings on Poetry, ed. Paul O'Prey, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.- Complete Short Stories, ed. Lucia Graves, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1995.- Some Speculations on Literature, History, and Religion, ed. Patrick Quinn, Manchester: Carcanet Press, 2000.- 5 November address, X magazine, Volume One, Number Three, June 1960;  An Anthology from X (Oxford University Press 1988).

**参考**

**来源**
罗伯特·格雷夫斯 (1960) 《向一切告别》， London: Penguin.
*西摩，米兰达（1995）“罗伯特·格雷夫斯，生命的边缘”， London: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-40860-9

**外部链接**
  罗伯特·格雷夫斯网站 date=20210226194116 -  诗歌基金会简介 date=20160416021329 -  简介，诗歌和音频在poets.org date=20131203034848 -  简介，诗歌和音频在诗歌档案-  格雷夫斯的肖像馆 date=20200413105733 

**作品和档案**
  罗伯特·格雷夫斯的数字档案 date=20210428094015  - 牛津大学-  罗伯特·格雷夫斯档案 - 维多利亚大学-  罗伯特·格雷夫斯论文 date=20110720045506  - 南伊利诺伊大学卡本代尔特别典藏研究中心-  罗伯特·格雷夫斯论文fix-attempted=yes  - 牛津大学圣约翰学院档案中心- name=罗伯特·格雷夫斯

**文章和访谈**
  1965年英国广播公司电视采访 date=20190429012410  (29分钟)-  archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501003605/https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4178/the-art-of-poetry-no-11-robert-graves-  Pegasos article 罗伯特·格雷夫斯-  Article by Robert H. Canary, "Utopian and Fantastic Dualities in Robert Graves's Watch the North Wind Rise" date=20210126010132