超空蚀效应

超空蚀效应（Supercavitation）利用空穴效应制造了含有气体的泡沫膜，而这个泡沫膜大到足以包含物体本身，使其在泡沫膜中行驶减少摩擦力，来达到极高速度。除去移动方向的部分，物体因为不与水接触，基本上不会与水摩擦，因此能在水中超高速前进。目前的应用主要限于自动推进武器（如火箭、鱼雷、导弹等），但理论上，该技术可以扩展到包括车辆、飞机和潜艇等载具。

**物理原理**
在水中，如果水的压力低于蒸气压时，就会产生空穴。当水流过一个移动金属物件的尖锐转角，被加到较高的速度时，压强会迅速降至低于蒸气压的水平，此时超空蚀效应便会发生。
常见于轮船螺旋桨和泵桨叶的边缘。水越深（水压越高），外界压强和蒸气压的差距越大，流体被加速时就越不容易产生超空蚀现象。

**参考资料**
Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/ date=20210503074430 
*Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
*Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
*Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
*Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
*Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/ date=20070228153854 
*Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
*Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.

**参考书目**
Gertz, Bill (August 23, 2001). "Russian book sheds light on missile". Washington Times: p. A.4.  
*Office of Naval Research (2004, June 14). Mechanics and energy conversion: high-speed (supercavitating) undersea weaponry (D&I). Retrieved April 12, 2006, from http://www.onr.navy.mil/ date=20210503074430 
*Savchenko Y. N. (n.d.). CAV 2001 - Forth Annual Symposium on Cavitation - California Institute of Technology Retrieved April 9, 2006, from https://web.archive.org/web/20060215234514/http://cav2001.library.caltech.edu/159/00/Savchenko.pdf
*Hargrove, J. (2003). Supercavitation and aerospace technology in the development of high-speed underwater vehicles. In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Texas A&M University.
*Kirschner et al. (2001, October) Supercavitation research and development. Undersea Defense Technologies
*Ashley, S. (2001, May). Warp drive underwater. Scientific American
*Miller, D. (1995). Supercavitation: going to war in a bubble. Jane's Intelligence Review. Retrieved Apr 14, 2006, from http://www.janes.com/ date=20070228153854 
*Graham-Rowe, & Duncan. (2000). Faster than a speeding bullet. NewScientist, 167(2248), 26-30.
*Tulin, M. P. (1963). Supercavitating flows - small perturbation theory. Laurel, Md, Hydronautics Inc.

**外部链接**
 Empiredate=20081121175136  — Science fiction website centered around envisaged supercavitation technology- Diehl BGT Defence's "Barracuda" - a german supercavitating Torpedo- DARPA Underwater Express Program- Global Security.org on Supercavitation date=20170420125335 - Supercavitation Research Group at the University of Minnesota date=20190618132153 - How to Build a Supercavitating Weapon, Scientific American