米尔顿·艾瑞克森

米尔顿·艾瑞克森（Milton Hyland Erickson，3月25日），被喻为「现代催眠之父」，是医疗催眠、家庭治疗及短期策略心理治疗（Brief Strategic Psychotherapy）的顶尖权威。他在潜意识操作的研究及实务成就极具开创性，被誉称为至目前为止，世界上最伟大的沟通者。心理学学者尊称他为二十世纪的首席心理治疗师，许多人认为，若说佛洛伊德对心理治疗的贡献在于理论，而艾瑞克森的贡献则在于治疗实务，他所研发的治疗方法已在全球被广泛应用，并公认对许多高效的心理治疗法起着重大的影响，这包括：Brief psychotherapy、家庭辅导、Strategic Family Therapy、焦点解决治疗（SFBT）及神经语言程式学（NLP）等多项主流治疗系统。

**个人生平**
艾瑞克森很小的时候，有一位催眠术表演家路过他居住的地方路演，从那时开始他就对催眠产生了兴趣，据他后来描述，他觉得催眠术是一种非常强大的工具，不能仅仅限于艺人使用。他决定将这项工具引入科学评估领域以及医学实践。艾瑞克森也很钦佩当地的社区医生，并决心成为一名医生。

**催眠**

**潜意识与恍惚状态**
艾瑞克森对潜意识的看法与当时主导时代的佛洛伊德的观点截然不同。泽格引用了艾瑞克森的话说「潜意识是由你一生中所学到的所有知识组成的，其中许多知识你已经忘记了，但它们在你的潜意识中为你服务」。安德烈·魏茨霍夫（Andre Weitzenhoffer）指出：「艾瑞克森的『无意识』尤其缺乏佛洛伊德体系中所特有的敌意和攻击性面向」。

**隐喻技术**
艾瑞克森催眠的核心是「隐喻性沟通」，即来访者听到一个与自己的问题无关（比如不同的场景和人物）但结构上却相似的问题时，他们开始接近并探索自己的问题。具有以自我参考的方式去理解和表征交流的强烈倾向。在这里最重要的是催眠促进了象征性加工（即隐喻加工）的工程。在大多数临床中周期性发生的症状问题可被看做是双重束缚补充物的象征性浓缩，即症状是由否定操作者所限制的补充物的浓缩。表面上对立的动机或指令是共生的。换句话说，它们是整合冲突的无意识努力，即是为了整合互补性所作的隐喻性（可理解为无意识的）的努力，这与问题儿童的症状往往反映了其父母的冲突的表现非常象。隐喻性沟通（可理解为象征性加工）最能体现治疗性双重束缚的精准内涵，非常适合来访者。

**混技术**

**握手感应**

**抵抗**

**艾瑞克森治疗法**

**冲击和考验**

**米尔顿模式（Milton Model, NLP）**

**争议**

**后继影响**

**相关著作**

**英文著作**
艾瑞克森是一位多产作家，并经常与共事者合着。他主要的合作人是 他的主要合作者是欧内斯特.罗西，其著作包括：- Hypnotic Realities ISBN 0-8290-0112-3 (With Ernest L. Rossi)- Hypnotherapy - An Exploratory Casebook ISBN 0-8290-0244-8 (With Ernest L. Rossi)- Experiencing Hypnosis ISBN 0-8290-0246-4 (With Ernest L. Rossi)- The Practical Application of Medical and Dental Hypnosis ISBN 0-87630-570-2 (with Seymour Hershman and Irving I. Secter) (out of print)- Time Distortion in Hypnosis ISBN 1-899836-95-0 (With Linn F. Cooper)
他的临床记录也被编汇成四部合集：- Collected Papers on Hypnosis: Volume 1 - Nature of Hypnosis and Suggestion ISBN 0-8290-1206-0 (Ernest L. Rossi, Editor)- Collected Papers on Hypnosis: Volume 2 - Sensory, Perceptual and Psychophysiological Processes ISBN 0-8290-1207-9 (Ernest L. Rossi, Editor)- Collected Papers on Hypnosis: Volume 3 - Hypnotic Investigation of Psychodynamic Processes ISBN 0-8290-1208-7 (Ernest L. Rossi, Editor)- Collected Papers on Hypnosis: Volume 4 - Innovative Hypnotherapy ISBN 0-8290-1209-5 (Ernest L. Rossi, Editor)
- note, these four volumes are sometimes made available digitally under the misleading (and erroneous) name 'Complete Works'.
有些书籍是他的授课及讲座实录本，这包括有：- My Voice Will Go With You - The Teaching Tales of Milton H. Erickson ISBN 0-393-30135-4 (Sidney Rosen, Editor)- Seminars, Workshops and Lectures of Milton H. Erickson Volume 1 - Healing in Hypnosis ISBN 1-85343-405-1 (Margaret O. Ryan & Florence Sharp, Editors)- Seminars, Workshops and Lectures of Milton H. Erickson Volume 2 - Life Reframing in Hypnosis ISBN 0-8290-1581-7 (Florence Sharp, Editor)- Seminars, Workshops and Lectures of Milton H. Erickson Volume 3 - Mind-Body Communication in Hypnosis ISBN 0-8290-1805-0 (Ernest L. Rossi, Editor)- Seminars, Workshops and Lectures of Milton H. Erickson Volume 4 - Creative Choice in Hypnosis ISBN 1-85343-421-3 (Ernest L. Rossi & Margaret O. Ryan, Editors)
Conversations with Milton H. Erickson, M.D., edited by Jay Haley (WW Norton and Company: New York, 1999)
*Volume I: Changing Individuals
*Volume II: Changing Couples
*Volume III: Changing Children and Families
Milton H. Erickson, M.D.: In His Own Voice, edited by Jay Haley and co-edited by Madeleine Richeport (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1991).
*Sex Therapy - The Female
*Sex Therapy - The Male
*Problem Drinkers
*Multiple Personalities
还有一些是片段收集的艾瑞克森语录:- The Wisdom of Milton H Erickson: The Complete Volume ISBN 1-904424-17-1 (Ronald A.Havens, Editor)- An Uncommon Casebook: Complete Clinical Work of Milton H.Erickson, M.D. ISBN 0-393-70101-8 (William Hudson O'Hanlon & Angela L. Hexum)
除了源自其本身的著作，更有许多作者以专书的型式介绍及分析他的治疗技巧，这些书籍一般以他的讲习、授课及工作坊内容作为蓝本：- Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H.Erickson: Volume 1 ISBN 1-55552-052-9, John Grinder & Richard Bandler- Patterns of the Hypnotic Techniques of Milton H.Erickson: Volume 2 ISBN 1-55552-053-7, John Grinder, Richard Bandler & Judith DeLozier- Milton H.Erickson (Key Figures in Counselling & Psychotherapy Series) ISBN 0-8039-7575-9 (Jeffrey K. Zeig & W. Michael Munion)-  Uncommon Therapy: Psychiatric Techniques of Milton H.Erickson, M.D. date=20120314024455  by Jay Haley (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1993).- The Answer Within: A Clinical Framework of Ericksonian Hypnotherapy ISBN 978-184590121-9 (Stephen Lankton & Carol Hicks Lankton)- Assembling Ericksonian Therapy ISBN 1-932462-10-4 (Stephen Lankton)- Phoenix: Therapeutic Patterns of Milton H.Erickson ISBN 0-916990-10-9 (David Gordon, Maribeth Meyers-Anderson)- Enchantment and Intervention in Family Therapy: Using Metaphors in Family Therapy ISBN 978-184590083-9 (Stephen Lankton & Carol Hicks Lankton)- A Guide to Trance Land: A Practical Handbook of Ericksonian and Solution-Oriented Hypnosis date=20120314024512  by Bill O'Hanlon (WW Norton & Company: New York, 2009).- Healing the Divided Self: Clinical and Ericksonian Hypnotherapy for Dissociative Conditions by Claire Frederick and Maggie Phillips (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1995).- Solution-Oriented Hypnosis: An Ericksonian Approach by Bill O'Hanlon and Michael Martin (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1991).- Resolving Sexual Abuse: Solution-Focused Therapy and Ericksonian Hypnosis for Adult Survivors by Yvonne M. Dolan (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1991).- My Voice Will Go With You: The Teaching Tales of Milton H. Erickson date=20110415032632  by Sidney Rosen (WW Norton & Company: New York, 1991)- Taproots: Underlying Principles of Milton Erickson's Therapy and Hypnosis by Bill O'Hanlon (WW Norton & Company: New York 1981).
*Beyond Erickson: A Fresh Look at "The Emperor of Hypnosis", Milton H. Erickson by Alex Tsander (Summitother,Bristol, 2005. ISBN 0-9550731-0-3).

**中文译本**
艾瑞克森：天生的催眠大师, 着：杰弗瑞。萨德，译：陈厚恺/刘慧卿 (心灵工坊，台湾 ISBN 986-7574-13-3)
*跟大师学催眠：米尔顿。艾瑞克森治疗实录, 着：杰弗瑞。萨德，译：朱春林等11人 (心灵工坊，台湾 ISBN 986-7574-14-1)
*催眠之声伴随你, 着：史德奈。罗森，译：萧德兰 (生命潜能，台湾 ISBN 957-8292-27-9)