约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹

约翰·伯顿·桑德森·霍尔丹 FRS（John Burdon Sanderson Haldane，12月1日；通常被称做J.B.S.霍尔丹、霍尔丹，在他的著作中有时也使用J.B.S.；姓或译作荷顿）， 出生于大不列颠， 是一名遗传学家和进化生物学家。霍尔丹是一名坚定的马克思主义者， 由于对大不列颠政府对于苏伊士运河危机的政策感到不满，离开牛津大学去往印度并成为一名印度公民。霍尔丹同罗纳德·费雪和休厄尔·赖特一起被认为是种群遗传学的奠基人。
J.B.S.霍尔丹在1929年发表的一篇关于「生命起源」的文章中提出了「有机物可由无机物形成」的假说，而这个假说已于1924年由俄罗斯科学家亚历山大·伊万诺维奇·奥巴林提出。由于两人是分别提出相同的假说，并不互相知情，因此后人称此假说为「欧帕林—霍尔丹假说」。

**获奖**
1952年, 霍尔丹获得了英国皇家学会达尔文奖章。1956年，他获得英国皇家人类学研究所授予赫胥黎（Huxley）纪念奖章。在其他的荣誉中，他还获得了Feltrinelli 奖，科学名誉博士学位，新学院荣誉院士和美国科学院授予的 Kimber 奖。1958年，他被伦敦林奈学会授予达尔文-华莱士奖章。

**著作**
  (1924), E. P. Dutton and Company, Inc., a paper read to the Heretics, Cambridge, on February 4, 1923
** second edition (1928), London: Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.
** see also Haldane's Daedalus Revisited (1995), ed. with an introd. by Krishna R. Dronamraju, Foreword by Joshua Lederberg; with essays by M.F. Perutz, Freeman Dyson, Yaron Ezrahi, Ernst Mayr,Elof Axel Carlson, D.J. Weatherall, N.A. Mitchison and the editor. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-854846-X- , a series of papers beginning in 1924- G.E. Briggs and J.B.S. Haldane (1925). A note on the kinetics of enzyme action, Biochem. J., 19: 338–339
*Callinicus: A Defence of Chemical Warfare (1925), E. P. Dutton
*Possible Worlds and Other Essays (1928), Harper and Brothers. 1937 edition London: Chatto & Windus. 2001 edition Transaction Publishers:  ISBN 0-7658-0715-7 (includes )
*Animal Biology (1929) Oxford: Clarendon
*Enzymes (1930), MIT Press 1965 edition with new preface by the author written just prior to his death: ISBN 0-262-58003-9
*The Inequality of Man, and Other Essays (1932)
*The Causes of Evolution (1932)
*Science and Human Life (1933), Harper and Brothers, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-2161-5
*Science and the Supernatural: Correspondence with Arnold Lunn (1935), Sheed & Ward, Inc,
*Fact and Faith (1934), Watts Thinker's Library
*My Friend Mr Leakey (1937), Vigyan Prasar 2001 reprint: ISBN 81-7480-029-8
*Air Raid Precautions (A.R.P.) (1938), Victor Gollancz
*Marxist Philosophy and the Sciences (1939), Random House, Ayer Co. reprint: ISBN 0-8369-1137-7
*Science and Everyday Life (1940), Macmillan, 1941 Penguin, Ayer Co. 1975 reprint: ISBN 0-405-06595-7
*Science in Peace and War (1941), Lawrence & Wishart Ltd
*New Paths in Genetics (1941), George Allen & Unwin
*Heredity & Politics (1943), George Allen & Unwin
*Why Professional Workers should be Communists (1945), London: Communist Party (of Great Britain) In this four page pamphlet, Haldane contends that Communism should appeal to professionals because Marxism is based on the scientific method and Communists hold scientists as important; Haldane subsequently disavowed this position
*Adventures of a Biologist (1947)
*Science Advances (1947), Macmillan
*What is Life? (1947), Boni and Gaer, 1949 edition: Lindsay Drummond
*Everything Has a History (1951), Allen & Unwin -- Includes "Auld Hornie, F.R.S."; C.S. Lewis's "Reply to Professor Haldane" is available in "On Stories and Other Essays on Literature," ed. Walter Hooper (1982), ISBN 0-15-602768-2.
*"The Origins of Life", New Biology, 16, 12–27 (1954). Suggests that an alternative biochemistry could be based on liquid ammonia.
*"Origin of Man", Nature, 176, 169 (1955)
*"Cancer's a Funny Thing", New Statesman, 21 February 1964

**参见**

**相关书目**

**参考文献**

**外部链接**
  An online copy of Daedalus or Science and the Future date=20101218010416 -  A review (from a modern perspective) of The Causes of Evolution date=20101217225127 -  Unofficial SJG Archive – People – JBS Haldane (1892–1964) date=20210424101450  Accessed 22 February 2006. Useful text but the likeness is not of JBS but of his father John Scott Haldane.-  Haldane's contributions to science in India date=20070615001014 -  Marxist Writers: J.B.S. Haldane date=20210425172826 
There are photographs of Haldane at-  JBS Haldane date=20190626092408 , on the  Portraits of Statisticians date=20110408154452  page.
The  biography date=20210426070753  on the Marxist Writers page has a photograph of Haldane when younger.- My Friend Mr. Leakey – text – Haldane's most amusing imaginary acquaintance date=20210125172452