赛普勒斯问题

希腊及土耳其争执的赛普勒斯（右下）
赛普勒斯问题（Κυπριακό (ζήτημα) , Kıbrıs Sorunu）是位在地中海东部的赛普勒斯岛上，因为赛普勒斯岛上的希腊人及土耳其人族裔问题及是否南、北赛普勒斯统一的问题。

**背景**
赛普勒斯岛上大约在公元前16世纪时，就有从希腊来的移民，在西元前709年到西元前525年被亚述、埃及和波斯人统治。西元前58年被罗马统治了将近400年，西元395年属于拜占庭帝国，1489年属于威尼斯共和国，1571年被鄂图曼帝国占领，1878年被英国人统治，1925年成为英国殖民地。
1959年2月，英国、希腊和土耳其签订了《苏黎世-伦敦协定》和《联盟条约》，英国、希腊及土耳其三个国家保证了赛普勒斯的独立地位。

**问题**
1960年8月16日，赛普勒斯共和国宣告成立。随后希土两族摩擦不断。1974年，塞浦路斯战士全国组织EOKA发动军事政变，企图将塞浦路斯并入希腊。两族因为制宪问题爆发严重的流血冲突。土耳其同年随后入侵武装干涉。
1975年2月，土耳其族在土耳其政府的支持下在尼古西亚以北建立了北赛普勒斯土耳其共和国。
联合国为了解决赛普勒斯问题，于2004年在赛普勒斯举行统一公投，但并未通过此一公投的塞浦路斯安南计划，其原因是赛普勒斯共和国的经济状况比北赛普勒斯好，人口也比北赛多，在国际间的活动空间范围较大，北赛因经济状况问题希望与赛浦路斯解决政治僵局，但在国际上被孤立，而且人口较少，赛普勒斯共和国反对给予北赛普勒斯更多的权利，因此此一公投并未过关。
2017年7月7日联合国介入赛普勒斯与北赛普勒斯谈判失败。
2018年10月16日联合国预定26日将为赛普勒斯双方领导人主持会谈，两方合并和谈。但仍无具体成果。

**问题相关方**

**类似个案**
两岸分治
*印巴分治
*以巴分治
*两韩分治
*两爱分治
*中国统一
*也门统一
*两德统一
*越南统一
*两韩统一

**参见**
塞浦路斯历史
*土耳其历史
*希腊历史
*塞浦路斯王国- 伊兹密尔
*奥斯曼主义

**参考资料**

**参考文献**
 赛普勒斯问题

**官方出版及文献**
  The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus date=20081011045635 .-  Letter by the President of the Republic, Mr Tassos Papadopoulos, to the U.N. Secretary-General, Mr Kofi Annan, dated June 7, which circulated as an official document of the U.N. Security Council date=20080928053054 -  Legal Issues arising from certain population transfers and displacements on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the period since 20 July 1974 date=20080928053046 -  Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT) date=20080821165847 - The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office,  Aspects of the Cyprus Problem date=20190520042546 -  European Court of Human Rights Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (Application no. 25781/94) date=20070927215151 

**其它文献**
  "Getting to Yes: Suggestions for the Embellishment of the Annan Plan for Cyprus (PDF)" Policy Paper, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, February 2004-  "Economic Aspects of the Annan Plan for the Solution of the Cyprus Problem (PDF)" Wolfson College, Oxford University, February 2004-  "Options for Peace: Mapping the Possibilities for a Comprehensive Settlement in Cyprus (PDF)" Alexandros Lordos, May 2005-  "From U Thant to Kofi Annan: UN Peacemaking in Cyprus, 1964–2004 (PDF)" James Ker-Lindsay, Occasional Paper 5/05, Southeast European Studies at Oxford, St Antony's College, Oxford University, October 2005-  "EU and the Cyprus Conflict: Review of the Literature (PDF)" date=20090326232923  Olga Demetriou, Working Paper Series in EU Border Conflicts, Number 5, January 2004-  "The Property Regime in a Cyprus Settlement: A Reassessment of the Solution Proposed under the Annan Plan, Given the Performance of the Property Markets in Cyprus, 2003–2006 (PDF)" Stelios Platis, Stelios Orphanides and Fiona Mullen, PRIO Report 2/2006, PRIO Cyprus Centre, November 2006

**延伸阅读**
  isbn = 0-8156-3196-0-  isbn = 0-906719-21-6-  isbn = 0-906719-23-2-  isbn = 978-0-230-24211-1-  isbn=0-906719-24-0- The European Parliament Policy Department External Policies (2008)  The Influence of Turkish Military Forces on Political Agenda-Setting in Turkey, Analysed on The Basis of the Cyprus Question date=20090829234554 -  isbn = 0-9514464-2-8-  isbn = 1-85043-665-7-  isbn = 1-85984-189-9-  isbn = 1-4039-9690-3-  isbn = 0-19-975715-1-  isbn = -  isbn =978-1-4610-8320-7-  isbn=1-85065-354-2-  isbn = 3-933925-20-7-  isbn = 0-88033-000-7-  isbn = 1-86064-737-5-  isbn = 1-84113-578-X-  isbn = 1-85043-428-X-  isbn = 975-6912-18-9-  isbn = 0-7146-4431-5-  isbn = 0-333-91271-3-  isbn = 0-7546-4310-7

**外部连结**
  Timeline – Cyprus (BBC) date=20170531111843 -  UN resolutions list on the Cyprus issue-  Recent U.N. document: The question of human rights in Cyprus-  Aspects of the Cyprus Problem from The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office date=20190520042546 -  A detailed Cyprus Problem site from The TFSC and Turkey date=20201010134231 -  Kissinger’s Secret Phone Calls Concerning Cyprus English translation of Eleftherotypia article-  EU task-force on the Turkish Cypriot community-  Cyprus and Turkey’s EU Process A Summary of the Problem from Turkish Perspective-  Lobby for Cyprus-  The Displaced Greek Communities of Cyprus-  Greek Cypriots begin removing Nicosia barrier date=20201031150226 -  Greek Cypriots tear down Nicosia's dividing wall date=20171017002043 
文件-  Echoes Across the Divide date=20070329004156  (2008) is an Australian documentary film about an attempt to bridge the Green Line (Cyprus) with a bicommunal music project performed from the rooftops of Old Nicosia.
category:赛普勒斯政治