许蕾姆苏丹

罗克塞拉娜（Roxelana，），土耳其语称许蕾姆（Hürrem，意为“欢笑者”），阿拉伯语称卡里玛（كريمة，意为“尊贵者”），奥斯曼帝国苏丹苏莱曼一世的苏丹-{后}-。
罗克塞拉娜原名已不可考，但在19世纪乌克兰民间传说中，她被称为“安娜斯塔西娅”，波兰传说则称其为“亚历山德拉·利索斯卡”，在其他欧洲语言中通称其为罗克塞拉娜，意为“来自罗塞尼亚的女郎”。
柔克塞拉娜出身于一个罗加京（当时属于波兰）附近的一个乌克兰东正教家庭。在一次克里米亚汗国对当地的劫掠中被掠为奴，并被售往伊斯坦布尔，因为颇有几分姿色，她被挑选进入苏丹的后宫。很快她就获得了苏莱曼一世的宠爱。在一次后宫的争宠过程中，柔克塞拉娜被苏丹宠妃居尔巴哈尔苏丹殴打，盛怒之下的苏莱曼一世立即将居尔巴哈尔苏丹，连同她的爱子穆斯塔法皇子（当时的王储）一同流放，后又将穆斯塔法处死。
柔克塞拉娜为苏莱曼生了6个孩子，其后更是令人吃惊地成为他的正室。在其影响下，终其一生奥斯曼帝国和其祖国波兰都保持了和平。苏莱曼一世逝世后，柔克塞拉娜的儿子塞利姆二世继承了苏丹宝座。
柔克塞拉娜在伊斯坦布尔、耶路撒冷和麦加等地修建了大量的公共建筑，著名的有许蕾姆苏丹公共浴场等。
柔克塞拉娜传奇的一生成为许多艺术作品的题材，其中有名的有约瑟夫·海顿的63号交响曲等；在近世将近200年的时间里，她是成为乌克兰和土耳其许多小说和电视剧的女主角，不过她的一生和成就相对其原生存时代来说仅属于例外。

**图集**
File:Haseki Huerrem Sultan Roxelane.jpg|18世纪的由一位威尼斯画家所绘制的许蕾姆苏丹肖像
File:Sultan Roxelana.jpg|由雕刻家Johann Theodor de Br制作的许蕾姆版画,1596年
File:Rossa, Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent.jpg|16世纪绘制于木板上的许蕾姆苏丹油画
File:Roksolana.jpg|许蕾姆苏丹，16世纪
File:Roxelana.jpg|柔克塞拉娜，18至19世纪
File:Stamp of Ukraine s148.jpg|在1997年乌克兰发行的柔克塞拉娜邮票

**注释**

**延伸阅读**
Leslie Peirce.  Empress of the East: How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire.  New York  Basic Books, 2017.  978-0-465-03251-8.
*There are many historical novels in English about Roxelana: P.J. Parker's Roxelana and Suleyman  (2012; Revised 2016); Barbara Chase Riboud's Valide (1986); Alum Bati's Harem Secrets (2008); Colin Falconer, Aileen Crawley (1981–83), and Louis Gardel (2003); Pawn in Frankincense, the fourth book of the Lymond Chronicles by Dorothy Dunnett; and pulp fiction author Robert E. Howard in The Shadow of the Vulture imagined Roxelana to be sister to its fiery-tempered female protagonist, Red Sonya.
*David Chataignier, "Roxelane on the French Tragic Stage (1561-1681)" in Fortune and Fatality: Performing the Tragic in Early Modern France, ed. Desmond Hosford and Charles Wrightington (Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2008), 95-117.
*Thomas M. Prymak, "Roxolana: Wife of Suleiman the Magnificent," Nashe zhyttia/Our Life, LII, 10 (New York, 1995), 15–20. An illustrated popular-style article in English with a bibliography.
*Zygmunt Abrahamowicz, "Roksolana," Polski Slownik Biograficzny, vo. XXXI (Wroclaw-etc., 1988–89), 543–5. A well-informed article in Polish by a distinguished Polish Turkologist.
*Galina Yermolenko, "Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse of the East," The Muslim World, 95, 2 (2005), 231–48. Makes good use of European, especially Italian, sources and is familiar with the literature in Ukrainian and Polish.
*Galina Yermolenko (ed.), Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture (Farmham, UK: Ashgate, 2010). 318 pp. Illustrated. Contains important articles by Oleksander Halenko and others, as well as several translations of works about Roxelana from various European literatures, and an extensive bibliography.
*For Ukrainian language novels, see Osyp Nazaruk (1930) (English translation is available), Mykola Lazorsky (1965), Serhii Plachynda (1968), and Pavlo Zahrebelnyi (1980).
*There have been novels written in other languages: in French, a fictionalized biography by Willy Sperco (1972); in German, a novel by Johannes Tralow (1944, reprinted many times); a very detailed novel in Serbo-Croatian by Radovan Samardzic (1987); one in Turkish by Ulku Cahit (2001).

**外部链接**
 University of Calgary | Roxelana- Roxelana's tomb