虚幻引擎

虚幻引擎（Unreal Engine）又称UE引擎，是一款由Epic Games开发的游戏引擎。该引擎主要是为了开发第一人称射击游戏而设计，但现在已经被成功地应用于开发模拟游戏、恐怖游戏、角色扮演游戏等多种不同类型的游戏。虚幻引擎除了被用于开发游戏，现在也用于电影的虚拟制片（Virtual Production），例如《曼达洛人》就使用了虚幻引擎4。
截止2024年11月29日，虚幻引擎最新版本为5.5
， Epic已在2021年初开始提供预览，在2021年4月正式推出。Epic已在2021年年中时将其整合入堡垒之夜，这款游戏已成为2020年PlayStation 5和Xbox Series X的首发作品之一。

**版本**
《杀戮空间》 - Unreal Engine 2.
Rock of Ages - Unreal Engine 3.
The Ball - Unreal Engine 3.

**虚幻引擎1**
于1998年推出，初代虚幻引擎将渲染、碰撞侦测、AI、图形、网络和文件系统整合为一个完整的引擎。Epic Games将这款引擎用于《魔域幻境》和《虚幻竞技场》。

**虚幻引擎2**
二代当初是向《虚幻竞技场2003》所开发，这个版被以Unreal ED3编码完全重写，也将《虚幻竞技场2004》中改进载具模拟的Karma physics SDK整合在一起，也强化了许多元素。
支援PlayStation 2、XBOX与GameCube。《魔域幻境II》也是以此引擎开发（版本与《虚幻竞技场2003》相同）。

**虚幻引擎3**

**开发工具**
虚幻引擎开发工具包（Unreal Development Kit，简称“UDK”）为2009年11月Epic Games所释出的游戏开发工具，对应虚幻引擎3。
Epic表示并不会提供玩家指导，所以使用时要参考基本的教学，也可至论坛上观摩。开发套件中已包含了游戏应用程式，死亡竞赛（Deathmatch）及夺旗模式（CTF）各含两个地图，修改器(外挂)内含模组修改器、音效修改器、地图编辑器...等，Unreal Frontend则是封装游戏的工具；但此套件最主要还是经由修改程式码（Unreal Script）的内容（其位于Development资料夹中），完成自己理想的游戏内容。
*版本：
**2009年11月发布Beta版本
**2009年11月17日发布beta 2版本
**2014年3月发布4版本
之后每月发布一次beta版本，2010年7月以后的版本（即8月版）开始，游戏应用程式不支援中文；2010年12月版支援iOS系统。

**虚幻引擎4**
2005年8月，Epic Games副总裁Mark Rein透露，自2003年以来，虚幻引擎4一直在开发中。直到2008年，Epic Games的首席执行官兼创始人Tim Sweeney表示引擎“基本上”完成了开发。2014年1月在CES上宣布该引擎针对第八代游戏机，个人电脑和基于Tegra K1的运行Android的设备开发。

**虚幻引擎5**
虚幻引擎5于2020年5月13日释出，支援所有现有系统，包括次世代游戏主机PlayStation 5和Xbox Series X/S。该引擎的研发工作在释出前约两年就已开始，并于2022年4月5日正式面向开发者推出。
虚幻引擎5采用了两大核心技术，一是“Nanite”，这是一个允许将高细节摄影源材料汇入游戏的先进技术，Nanite的出现让Epic能够利用其收购最大的摄影测量库Quixel。
虚幻引擎5的目标是让开发者轻松的建立有细节的游戏世界而无须花费更多时间在开发精细的Assets上｡Nanite可以汇入任何3D电脑绘图软体做出的3D模型和3D场景，像是Zbrush､Blender，从而让开发者使用高面数的模型与高解析度的贴图，并且无须担心记忆体的限制｡ 
二是Lumen，Lumen是一种动态全局光照与反射系统，它是基于光线追踪但更为优化的形式，可以在不同的图形架构中更广泛的采用，而无须用到价格高昂的显示卡。
总结来说，Lumen很优秀，但是它主要的缺点是被仅限于在虚幻引擎5上的使用，这意味着Lumen与 NVIDIA DLSS 类似，它永远不会像其他开源技术（FXAA、SMAA 甚至 TAA）那样被广泛使用。从好的方面来说，它应该允许独立工作室利用​​这种先进的 GI 技术，而无需付出太多心力。此外，它还将促使其他主要的引擎（最著名的是 CryEngine、Frostbyte、Dunia 和 Snowdrop）推出它们自己优化的、基于软体的光线追踪器，这些光线追踪器可以在所有硬体上执行｡除了Nanite和Lumen，虚幻5在后续的版本更新虚拟阴影贴图 (VSM)，Nanite 还更新了可程式设计光栅化器、相机内视觉效果(In-Camera Visual Effects)、AI人工智慧工具、MetaSounds、世界分区(World Partition)以及更好的动画系统｡
根据GDC 2023公布的讯息，在未来的5.2版本将会新增许多新功能，例如 Nanite Displacement Map、Render Resources Utility、Niagara Decal Renderer、Sequencer Niagara Sim Cache、Soundscape Ambience､ Procedural Content Generation、Scriptable Tools｡ 此外，在未来将会推出更多新工具给开发者使用，例如统合了Unreal Engine Marketplace, Sketchfab, Quixel Bridge,ArtStation Marketplace
的全新Marketplace- Fab，开发者可以在Fab下载和购买需要的资源、贩卖素材资源赚钱｡对于程式设计师，未来会推出一个全新的程式语言-Verse应对元宇宙带来的开发难题｡

**使用虚幻引擎的游戏**

**参见**
Unity (游戏引擎)

**参考资料**

**延伸阅读**
文章
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*cite web|last=Steiner|first=Brian|date=June 2013|url=http://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/gaming/a9178/how-the-unreal-engine-became-a-real-gaming-powerhouse-15625586/|title=How The Unreal Engine Became A Real Gaming Powerhouse|publisher=Popular Mechanics|access-date=2017-11-24|archive-date=2021-04-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427164332/https://www.popularmechanics.com/culture/gaming/a9178/how-the-unreal-engine-became-a-real-gaming-powerhouse-15625586/|dead-url=no
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*dead-url=no
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教程
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*isbn=978-1-909-41404-4
*dead-url=no
*dead-url=no

**外部链接**
 Unreal Technology- Epic游戏论坛 date=20210502140200 - UDK date=20120627195552 
*1299574941