乌鸦 (诗)

〈乌鸦〉一诗叙述了乌鸦对悲伤的叙述者的神秘午夜拜访，插图由约翰·坦尼尔 (1858) 绘制。
《乌鸦》（The Raven），又译作《渡鸦》，是美国作家埃德加·爱伦·坡所着的一首叙事诗，于1845年1月首次出版。它的音调优美，措辞独具风格，诗句并有着超自然的氛围。它讲述了一只会说话的渡鸦对一名发狂的恋人的神秘拜访，描绘了这个男人缓慢陷入疯狂的过程。这名恋人，普遍被认为是一名学生，因失去他的所爱勒诺（Lenore）而深感悲痛。渡鸦坐在帕拉斯胸像上，似乎在进一步煽动着他的忧伤，不断重复着话语：「永不复焉。」此诗使用了众多民间与古典的文献。
爱伦·坡自认此诗写得十分有逻辑与条理。他的目的是创作一首能皆在评论与大众两方引起共鸣的诗，同他在他1846年的后续评论《创作哲学》中所解释的。此诗说话渡鸦的部分的灵感来自于查尔斯·狄更斯的《巴纳比·拉奇：八零年代暴动的故事》。爱伦·坡亦模仿了白朗宁的诗作《杰拉丁女士的求婚》的复杂节奏与韵律。全诗并使用句中韵以及头韵法。
《乌鸦》于1845年1月29日进行首次印刷，由《纽约镜像晚报》发行。它的出版使得爱伦·坡终身受到欢迎，尽管这并没有为他带来巨大的财富。此诗不久后便再版、受谐仿及加上插图。尽管评论对其地位的见解并不一致，它仍是史上最著名的诗作之一。

**大纲**
《乌鸦》一诗随着一位不具名的旁白进行，在一个无趣的12月的夜晚里，坐着朗读一段「被遗忘的传说」，来忘却他的恋人丽诺尔逝去。

**注释**

**参考文献**
 Adams, John F. "Classical Raven Lore and Poe's Raven" in Poe Studies. Vol. V, no. 2, December 1972.  Available online date=20161212125450 - Forsythe, Robert. "Poe's 'Nevermore': A Note", as collected in American Literature 7. January, 1936.- Granger, Byrd Howell. "Marginalia - Devil Lore in 'The Raven'" from Poe Studies vol. V, no. 2, December 1972   Available online date=20161212125450 - Hirsch, David H. "The Raven and the Nightingale" as collected in Poe and His Times: The Artist and His Milieu, edited by Benjamin Franklin Fisher IV. Baltimore: The Edgar Allan Poe Society, Inc., 1990. ISBN 0-9616449-2-3- Hoffman, Daniel. Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe Poe. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1972. ISBN 0-8071-2321-8- Kopley, Richard and Kevin J. Hayes. "Two verse masterworks: 'The Raven' and 'Ulalume'", collected in The Cambridge Companion to Edgar Allan Poe, edited by Kevin J. Hayes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-521-79727-6- Krutch, Joseph Wood. Edgar Allan Poe: A Study in Genius. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1926. - Meyers, Jeffrey. Edgar Allan Poe: His Life and Legacy. New York City: Cooper Square Press, 1992. ISBN 0-8154-1038-7 - Moss, Sidney P. Poe's Literary Battles: The Critic in the Context of His Literary Milieu. Southern Illinois University Press, 1969.- Ostrom, John Ward. "Edgar A. Poe: His Income as Literary Entrepreneur", collected in Poe Studies Vol. 5, no. 1. June 1982.- Peeples, Scott. Edgar Allan Poe Revisited. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1998. ISBN 0-8057-4572-6- Poe, Edgar Allan. Edgar Allan Poe: Complete Tales & Poems. Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 2002. ISBN 0-7858-1453-1- Silverman, Kenneth. Edgar A. Poe: Mournful and Never-ending Remembrance. New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. ISBN 0-06-092331-8- Sova, Dawn B. Edgar Allan Poe: A to Z. New York City: Checkmark Books, 2001. ISBN 0-8160-4161-X- Thomas, Dwight and David K. Jackson. The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809-1849. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1987. ISBN 0-7838-1401-1- Weiss, Susan Archer. The Home Life of Poe. New York: Broadway Publishing Company, 1907.

**外部连结**
原文-  "The Raven" date=20061205215745  - Full text of the first printing, from the American Review, 1845-  "The Raven" date=20061113082728  - Full text of the final authorized printing, from the Richmond Semi-Weekly Examiner, 1849
评论-  《渡鸦》夹注 “The Raven” annotated for Chinese readers date=20210123013952 -  The Poe Decoder date=20070324193023  - Essay on the symbols, words and composition of "The Raven"-  The Raven. With Literary and Historical Commentary by John H. Ingram. London G. Redway. 1885.-   "The Raven" Study Guide date=20210411112808 -  "The Raven" study guide and teacher resources-  "The Raven – Amore in A Minor by Vladimir Voronsky"fix-attempted=yes 
图本- name=The Raven illustrated by Édouard Manet'- name=The Raven illustrated by Gustave Doré'
音讯-  Reading of 'The Raven' and text date=20080915061215  by Classic Poetry Aloud (MP3)-  "The Raven" date=20100109034442 , complete text and audio- Garrison Keillor's rendition of   "The Raven" date=20210123014052  (RealAudio)-  Reading of "The Raven" date=20210410184542  by LibriVox- Audiobook recording with accompanying text of  "The Raven" date=20210123013929 .-  Reading of "The Raven" date=20210123013937  by Martin Reyto
影片-  Video of Vincent Price giving a dramatic, however not always literal, reading of "The Raven"-  Official site date=20210126024525  of the 2003 short film version by Trilobite Pictures-  "The Raven" date=20161215034706  from The Simpsons Tree House of Horror-  Knowing Poe date=20201129133859  John Astin gives a dramatic rendition of "The Raven".
多媒体- Interactive multimedia  e-book date=20200128163109  of "The Raven" bringing together Poe's verse, the reading by Robert Donald and the engravings by Gustave Doré.