吉尔伯特·西蒙东

吉尔伯特·西蒙东（Gilbert Simondon，lang；2月7日），是法国哲学家，知名于其个体化理论和技术哲学。西蒙东的作品以其对资讯理论、传播学、技术和自然科学的哲学方法为特色。尽管西蒙东在世时遭到忽视了，但资讯时代促使人们重新评价西蒙东的作品。西蒙东的技术哲学思想为21世纪提供借镜。
尽管西蒙东的思想在法国，乃至整个欧洲的后结构主义浪潮中，遭到忽视，但仍有少数哲学家率先注意到西蒙东作品。其中最著名的是德勒兹。德勒兹的《意义的逻辑》深受西蒙东个体化理论的影响；还有马尔色，其《单向度的人》从西蒙东关于技术异化与影响汲取灵感。西蒙东也影响了布鲁诺·拉图、施蒂格勒和许煜。

**生涯**
西蒙东，出生于圣艾蒂安，是科学哲学家乔治·康吉莱姆、哲学家马夏尔·盖鲁和现象学家梅洛庞蒂的学生。西蒙东曾就读于巴黎高等师范学院和索邦大学。 1958年，西蒙东在巴黎大学通过博士论文答辩。西蒙东的主要论文《形式与资讯概念观照下的个体化》（italic=yes），分两部分发表。1964年，第一部以《个体化及其物理生物学的生成过程》（italic=yes）为题发表；1989年，第二部以《精神和集体个体化》（italic=yes）为题发表。虽然该作直到德勒兹、拉图及斯蒂格勒重新评价后才获得广泛阅读，但其1958年的《论技术物的存在模式》（italic=yes）甫出版即引起关注。2005年，才出版该作的完整版本。

**个体化与技术**
在《精神和集体个体化》中，西蒙东发展个体与集体个体化的理论。其中个别的主体是个体化的结果而非原因。因此，原子化的个体应视为无止境的个体化过程。西蒙东设想了“前个体场”为使个体化成为可能的资源。个体化是一个永远不完整的过程，总是会留下“前个体”的残余，使未来的个体化成为可能。此外，精神的个体化总是会创造出个体的主体与集体的主体，使其共同个体化。西蒙东批评诺伯特·维纳的模控学，认为“从一开始，模控学就接受了所有技术理论都必须拒绝的东西：按照既定标准、属、种，对技术对象进行分类。” 西蒙东希望通过发展机器的“一般现象学”（general phenomenology）克服模控学的缺陷。

**作品**
 《论技术物的存在模式》（Du mode d'existence des objets techniques, 1958)
** 《论技术物的存在模式》, 许煜译，南京大学出版社，2024- 《个体化及其物理生物学的生成过程》（italic=yes, 1964)- 《精神和集体个体化》（italic=yes, 1989）
身后发表- italic=yes, Cours et conferences (Éd. du Seuil, coll. "Traces écrites").- italic=yes (Jérôme Millon, coll. Krisis, 2005).- Cours sur la perception (1964–1965), Préface de Renaud Barbaras (Editions de La Transparence).- Imagination et invention (1965–1966) (Editions de La Transparence, 2008).- Communication et Information. Cours et Conférences (Éditions de La Transparence, 2010).- Sur la technique (P.U.F., 2014).- Sur la psychologie (P.U.F., 2015).- Sur la philosophie (P.U.F., 2016).- La résolution des problèmes (P.U.F., 2018).

**参考**

**注脚**

**延伸阅读**
 Alloa, Emmanuel, " Prégnances du devenir. Simondon et les images date=20240421131831 ", in Critique 816 (2015): 356 – 371 fr.- Alloa, Emmanuel & Judith Michalet,  "Differences in Becoming. Gilbert Simondon and Gilles Deleuze on Individuation" date=20240421131843  in Philosophy Today vol. 61 no. 3 (2017): 475–502..- Bardin, Andrea, " Philosophy as Political Technē: The Tradition of Invention in Simondon’s Political Thought" Contemporary Political Theory, 2018.- Bardin, Andrea,  Epistemology and Political Philosophy in Gilbert Simondon.Individuation, Technics, Social Systems date=2015-02-27  (Springer, 2015).- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Life and Technology: An Inquiry Into and Beyond Simondon (tr. B. Norman, Meson Press, 2015).- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon (Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 2014).- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues (dir.), Cahiers Simondon N° 1 to 6 (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2009–2015).- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Individuation and Knowledge. The refutation of idealism in Simondon's Heritage in France", translated by M. Hayward and A. De Boever, SubStance, Special Issue "Gilbert Simondon", Issue 129, Vol. 41, N°3, 2012.- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "What new Humanism today ?", translated by Chris Turner, Cultural Politics, Vol. 6, Issue 2, Bergs Publishers, 2010.- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, "Du mort qui saisit le vif. Simondonian ontology today", trans. Justin Clemens,  Parrhesia 7 (2009): 28–35 date=20 November 2009.- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Simondon ou l'encyclopédisme génétique (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2008)- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser l'individuation. Simondon et la philosophie de la nature (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). fr.- Barthélémy, Jean-Hugues, Penser la connaissance et la technique après Simondon (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2005). fr.- Bidet, Alexandra, Macé, Marielle. "S'individuer, s'émanciper, risquer un style (autour de Simondon)", Revue du Mauss, n°38 – Emancipation, subjectivation, individuation. Psychanalyse, philosophie et science sociale, La Découverte, 2011, pp. 269–284.- Bontems, Vincent (dir.), Gilbert Simondon ou l'invention du futur (Paris: Klincksieck, 2016).- Caponi, Saverio, Gilbert Simondon. La tecnica e la vita, Lulu.com, 2010.- Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon filosofo della mentalité technique, Mimesis, Milano 2011.- Carrozzini, Giovanni, Gilbert Simondon: per un'assiomatica dei saperi. Dall'"ontologia dell'individuo" alla filosofia della tecnologia, Manni, San Cesario di Lecce 2006- Chabot, Pascal, La philosophie de Simondon (Paris, Vrin, 2003). (English translation : " The philosophy of Simondon.Between technology and individuation date=20150924040400 ", Bloomsbury, 2013)- Combes, Muriel, Gilbert Simondon and the Philosophy of the Transindividual, translated by Thomas LaMarre, MIT Press 2013 (originally published in French: Simondon, Individu et collectivité, Presses Universitaires de France 1999)- Critique no. 816 (2015), Special Issue on Gilbert Simondon, with texts by Elie During, Emmanuel Alloa, Irlande Saurin, Anne Sauvegnargues and Gilbert Simondon - Deleuze, Gilles, "On Gilbert Simondon," in Desert Islands and Other Texts, 1953–1974 (Los Angeles & New York: Semiotext(e), 2004): 86–9. 1-58435-018-0ISBN 1-58435-018-0- De Boever, Murray, Roffe & Ashley (eds.),  Gilbert Simondon: Being and Technology ( Edinburgh University Press date=20170425174056 , hardback: 2012; paperback: March 2013).- Dumouchel, Paul, "Gilbert Simondon's Plea for a Philosophy of Technology," in The Politics of Knowledge (Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1995): 255–71. 0-253-20940-4ISBN 0-253-20940-4.- During, Elie,  Simondon au pied du mur. fr.- Hottois, Gilbert, Simondon et la philosophie de la culture technique (Brussels: De Boeck, 1992). fr.- Mackenzie, Adrian, Transductions: Bodies and Machines at Speed (Continuum Press, 2002). 0-8264-5883-1ISBN 0-8264-5883-1- Massumi, Brian, Technical Mentality" Revisited: Brian Massumi on Gilbert Simondon,  Parrhesia 7 (2009): 36–45 date=20 November 2009.- Mills, Simon, Gilbert Simondon – Information, Technology and Media (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016).- Morizot, Baptiste, Pour une théorie de la rencontre. Hasard et individuation chez Gilbert Simondon (Paris: Vrin, 2016; foreword by Jean-Hugues Barthélémy).- Revue philosophique de la France et de l'étranger, Gilbert Simondon, n°3/2006.- Sabolius, Kristupas, " Traversing Life and Thought: Gilbert Simondon's Theory of Cyclic Imagination date=20230110222739 ", in Social Imaginaries 5.2 (2019): 37–57.- Scott, David, Gilbert Simondon's Psychic and Collective Individuation (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2014).- Stiegler, Bernard, Acting Out (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2009).- Stiegler, Bernard,  The Theater of Individuation: Phase-shift and Resolution in Simondon and Heidegger date=20240602160153 , trans. Kristina Lebedeva, Parrhesia 7 (2009): 46–57.- Stiegler, Bernard, Technics and Time, 1: The Fault of Epimetheus (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998).- Stiegler, Bernard,  Temps et individuation technique, psychique, et collective dans l’oeuvre de Simondon date=20130530151816 . fr.- Tenti, Gregorio, Estetica e morfologia in Gilbert Simondon, Mimesis, 2020- Thibault, Ghislain, Filming Simondon: The National Film Board, Education, and Humanism , Canadian Journal of Film Studies, vol. 26 n°1/2017, pp. 1–23  date=20230827234719 - Thibault, Ghislain and Mark Hayward,  Understanding Machines: A History of Canadian Mechanology date=20230830063413 , Canadian Journal of Communication, vol. 42 n°3/2017- Toscano, Alberto, "Technical Culture and the Limits of Interaction: A Note on Simondon," in Joke Brouwer & Arjen Mulder (eds.), Interact or Die! (Rotterdam: NAi, 2007): 198–205.- Virno, Paolo, Angels and the General Intellect: Individuation in Duns Scotus and Gilbert Simondon,  Parrhesia 7 (2009): 58–67 date=20 November 2009.- Olivier Del Fabbro: Philosophieren mit Objekten – Gilbert Simondons prozessuale Individuationsontologie, Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag. 2021.

**外部链接**
  保存技术对象- MEOT / METO-  The Gilbert Simondon issue of Parrhesia date=20240702175230 -  Filmed interview of Gilbert Simondon date=20100405085357  on the subject of mechanology, 1968 fr.-  On Gilbert Simondon's Unified Theory of Technics and Technology, by François Laruelle date=20230924230948 -  Autour de Simondon: List of articles about Simondon, by the revue online Appareil fr.-  Aud-Sissel-Hoel and Van-der-Tuin on Simondon's link to Ernst Cassirer date=20230915162944 -  Gilbert Simondon Biography by Nathalie Simondon date=20240227013615 -  "Simondon au pied du mur" by Elie During fr.-  Mode of Existence, English translation date=20240515040821 .-  On the Essence of Technicity date=20240628015740 .-  Simondon biography-  List of articles about Simondon fr.-  Online Issue on Simondon date=20171111003710 , by Jean-Hugues Barthélémy (dir.)).-  "Simondon Week" on TheFunambulist.net date=20160809115237 .-  "Penser l'école avec Gilbert Simondon" date=10 April 2021 fr.-  CIDES (Centre International des Études Simondoniennes) a.k.a. ICSS (International Center for Simondon Studies)-  Conference-video on Gilbert Simondon and the New Enlightenment fr.-  Simondon at Monoskop.org date=20240605093814 , with extensive bibliography.-  A short list of Gilbert Simondon's vocabulary date=20230915162935 -  A research project (and book in preparation) on the relationship between Gilbert Simondon, mechanology and Canadian intellectuals date=20240117042231