谷米螺科

（学名：Marginellidae）是新腹足目下一个腹足纲软体动物的科。其物种体型细小，在新腹足目物种当中甚至是最细小的一类；不过色彩却很丰富。除两个淡水物种以后，其余皆为海洋物种。

**分类学**
长久以来，本科物种的分类都在混乱状态：不少流行出版物依然把本科所有物种全归类到谷米螺属去，因为牠们从其螺壳来看，至少表面来看很相似。
分类上的混乱源于这样一个事实：早期的分类相当粗略地基于螺壳的特征。尽管该组中确实存在许多可用来分辨不同物种的良好螺壳特征，但这些特征通常被误解或不被认为是重要的。活体动物齿舌和外部解剖结构上确实存在的此类资讯广泛散布在科学文献中，而内部解剖学描述直到最近才出现。
2019年，一项对于谷米螺科及Cystiscidae科物种（即俗称的「类谷米螺物种」，marginelliform）的分子生物学研究为本科物种间的关系重新建立系统发生树；这项由Fedosov A.E., Caballer Gutierrez M., Buge B., Sorokin P.V., Puillandre N., Bouchet P.共同进行的研究还确立了谷米螺科跟涡螺科（Volutidae）、Cystiscidae（旧属吸螺目）及Marginellonidae的关系较为密切，应合组成为涡螺总科（Volutoidea）。在较旧的分类，本科被归入到骨螺总科。

**形态描述**
谷米螺科物种的螺壳通常很小，但依不同物种的壳大小不同，从微小到中等大小不等。
螺壳外部的颜色可以是白色、奶油色、黄色、橙色、红色或棕色，并且可以是均匀的颜色，也可以形成各种图案。胎壳是少螺旋的。壳唇较厚，可以是光滑的，也可以是有小齿的。纵张肋可以存在或不存在，虹吸切迹可以存在或不存在。小柱可能有 2-6 个褶皱。本科物种没有螺厣。

**下属分类**
 Janaginella T. Cossignani & Lorenz, 2021
*Subfamily Austroginellinae G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995
*Alaginella Laseron, 1957
*Austroginella Laseron, 1957- † Conuginella Laseron, 1957 
*Hydroginella Laseron, 1957
*Marigordiella Espinosa & Ortea, 2010
*Mesoginella Laseron, 1957- † Mioginella Laseron, 1957 
*Ovaginella Laseron, 1957
*Protoginella Laseron, 1957
*Serrata Jousseaume, 1875- † Stromboginella Laseron, 1957 
*谷米螺亚科 Marginellinae Fleming, 1828- Africosta S. G. Veldsman, 2022
*Dentimargo Cossmann, 1899
*Eratoidea Weinkauff, 1879- † Euryentome Cossmann, 1899 
*Gibbacousteau Espinosa & Ortea, 2013
*糙米螺属 Glabella Swainson, 1840
*谷米螺属 Marginella Lamarck, 1799- † Myobarbum Sohl, 1963 - Nudifaba Eames, 1952 - Simplicoglabella Sacco, 1890 - †Stazzania Sacco, 1890 - Volvarina Hinds, 1844
*Subfamily Pruninae G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995
*Balanetta Jousseaume, 1875
*Bullata Jousseaume, 1875
*Closia Gray, 1857
*Cryptospira Hinds, 1844
*Hyalina Schumacher, 1817
*Mirpurina Ortea, Moro & Espinosa, 2019
*Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852
*Rivomarginella Brandt, 1968
亚科地位未定
*Demissa Boyer, 2016

**异名**
 Granulininae G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995: synonym of Granulinidae G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995 (original rank)- Marginelloninae Coan, 1965: synonym of Marginellonidae Coan, 1965 (original rank)- Carinaginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Alaginella Laseron, 1957- Cassoginella Laseron, 1957 †: synonym of Alaginella Laseron, 1957- Deviginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Mesoginella Laseron, 1957- Haloginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Serrata Jousseaume, 1875- Neptoginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Hydroginella Laseron, 1957- Pillarginella Gabriel, 1962: synonym of Hydroginella Laseron, 1957- Plicaginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Austroginella Laseron, 1957- Serrataginella G. A. Coovert & H. K. Coovert, 1995: synonym of Serrata Jousseaume, 1875- Sinuginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Mesoginella Laseron, 1957- Spiroginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Mesoginella Laseron, 1957- Triginella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Alaginella Laseron, 1957- Cucumis "Klein": synonym of 谷米螺属 Lamarck, 1799 (unavailable name)- Faba P. Fischer, 1883: synonym of 印堂穴 Swainson, 1840 (objective synonym of Glabella)- Longinella Laseron, 1957: synonym of Dentimargo Cossmann, 1899 (preoccupied by Longinella Gros & Lestage, 1927 Ephemeroptera)- Marginellarius Duméril, 1805: synonym of 谷米螺属 Lamarck, 1799- Marginellus Montfort, 1810: synonym of 谷米螺属 Lamarck, 1799 (unjustified emendation of Marginella)- Porcellana Gray, 1847: synonym of 谷米螺属 Lamarck, 1799 (invalid: junior homonym of Porcellana Lamarck, 1801 Crustacea)- Pseudomarginella Maltzan, 1880: synonym of 谷米螺属 Lamarck, 1799- Volvarinella Habe, 1951: synonym of Dentimargo Cossmann, 1899- Egouana: synonym of Egouena Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852 (invalid: incorrect alternative original spelling)- Egouena Jousseaume, 1875: synonym of Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852- Gibberulina Monterosato, 1884: synonym of Bullata Jousseaume, 1875- Leptegouana Woodring, 1928: synonym of Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852- Porcellanella Conrad, 1863 †: synonym of Prunum Herrmannsen, 1852 ( invalid: junior homonym of Porcellanella White, 1852 Crustacea.)- Volutella Swainson, 1831: synonym of Bullata Jousseaume, 1875 (invalid: junior homonym of Volutella Perry, 1810 Vasidae)

**参考文献**

**延伸阅读**
 Adams, Henry and Arthur Adams 1853. In: 1853-1858. The genera of Recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. John van Voorst, London. 3 vols 1:vi-xl, 1-484; 2:1-661; 3:pls. 1-138.- Barnard, Keppel Harcourt
: 1962. A new genus in the family Marginellidae. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 35(1):14-15.
: 1963. The family position of Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin. The Journal of Conchology 25(5):198-199.- Clover, Philip 1974. A new species of Cypraea from West Africa and three new species of Marginellidae from the Indian Ocean. The Journal of Conchology 28(4):213-216, pl.8.- Coan, Eugene 1965. A proposed reclassification of the family Marginellidae. The Veliger 7(3):184-189- Coan, Eugene and Barry Roth
: 1966. The West American Marginellidae. The Veliger 8(4): 276-299, pls. 48-51.
: 1976. Status of the genus Hyalina Schumacher, 1817 (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Journal of Moluccan Studies 42(2):217-222.- Cooke, Alfred Hands 1922. On the pseudo-genus Pseudomarginella, v. Maltzan. Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London15(1):3-5.- Coomans, H. E.
: 1969a. On the identity of Criptospira glauca and the related Cryptospira ventricosa, (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). Basteria 33(5-6):85-92.
: 1969b. Notes om Marginella spryi. Basteria 39(1-2):23-27.
: 1975. Marginella orstomi. A new species from deeper water off the coast of West Africa (gastropoda, Marginellidae). Bulletin Zoologisch Museum, Universiteit von Amsterdam vol.4 No.12- Coomans, H. E. and Philip Clover 1972. The genus Rivomarginella (Gastropoda, Marginellidae). Beaufortia 20(263):69-75.- Coovert, Gary A.
: 1986a. Type species list. Marginella Marginalia 1(1):1-3.
: 1986b. Generic group names. Marginella Marginalia 1(2):5-7.
: 1987a. The genus Afrivoluta and a review of the type species Afrivoluta pringlei Tomlin, 1947. Marginella Marginalia 2(1):1-8.
: 1987b. Addenda to Afrivoluta paper. Marginella Marginalia 2(6):39
: 1987c. Propor usage of the generic names Haloginella, Hyalina, and Volvarina with a diagnosis of the genus Haloginella. Marginella Marginalia 3(1):1-7
: 1987d. The external anatomy of two species of Caribbean Marginellidae. Marginella Marginalia 3(5):33-37.
: 1988a. Type species of the genera Austroginella and Mesoginella and their synonyms. Marginella Marginalia 4(2/3):9-26.
: 1988b. Marginellidae of Florida, Part II. Prunum succinea with a discussion of Prunum and Volvarina. Marginella Marginalia 4(5)_35-42, pl. 1.- Cossmann, Alexandre Édouard Maurice 1899. Essaid e paléonconchologie comparée. Cossmann, Paris. Vol. 3, 201 p., pls. 1-8.- Fischer, Paul 1883 . In: 1880-1887. Manuel de conchyologie et de paléontologie conchyologique ou histoire naturelle des mollusques vivantes et fossiles. Libraire F. Savy, Paris. Vol. 2(fascicule 6):513-608, 1883.- Gofas, Serge 1989. Le genre Volvarina (Marginellidae) dans la Mediterranée et l´Atlantique du nord est. Bolletino Malacologico 25(5-8):159-182.- Gofas, Serge and Francisco Fernandes
: 1988. The marginellids of São Tomé, West Africa. Journal of Conchology 33(1):1-30, pls. 1-2.
: 1992. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Volvarina. The Journal of Conchology 34(4):187-198
: 1994. The Marginellidae of Angola: The genus Marginella. Journal of Conchology 35:103-119- Gray, John Edward 1847. A list of the genera of Recent Mollusac, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1847 pt.15=17:129-219.- Harasewych, M. G. and Y. I. Kantor 1991. Rediscovery of Marginellona gigas (Martens, 1904), with notes on the anatomy and systematic position on the subfamily Marginelloninae (Gastropoda: Marginellidae). Nemouria 37:1-19.- Hinds, Richard Brinsley 1844. Descriptions of Marginellae collected during the voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur, and from the collection of Mr. Cuming. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1844 pt. 12= vol. 14.72-77.- Jousseaume, Felix P. 1875. Coquilles de la famille des marginelles. Monographie. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie, ser.3, 3:164-271, 429-435, pls. 7-8. Also issued separately, pp. 1–115, pls. 7-8.- Laseron, Charles F. 1957. A new classification of the Australian Marginellidae (Mollusca), with a review of species from the Solanderian and Dampierian zoogeographical provinces. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 8(3):274-311.- Redfield, John H.
: 1852. Description of new species of Marginella, with notes on sundry species of Marginella and Cypraea. Annals of the Lyceum of Natural History in New York 5:224-228.
: 1870. Catalogue of the known species, recent and fossil, of the family Marginellidae. American Journal of Concholoigy 6(2):215-269.- Reeve, Lovell Augustus 1864-1865. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In; Chonchologia Iconica: or illustration of the shells of molluscous animals. Vol. 15, pls. 2-13 Aug. 1864, pls. 1,14-27, index, errata Jan. 1865.- Sohl, N. F. 1963. New gastropod genera from the late Upper Cretaceous of East Gulf Coastal * Sowerby, George Brettingham II 1846. Monograph of the genus Marginella. In: Thesaurus Conchyliorum, or figures and descriptions of Recent Shells. Sowerby, London. Vol 1(7):239-406, pls.68-78.-  The Academy of Natural Sciences date=20220817050306 . A Database of Western Atlantic Marine Mollusca- Thiele, Johannes 1904. Pt. B, Anatomisch-systematische untersuchungen einiger Gastropoden, pp. 147–180, pls. 6-9. In: Martens and Thiele. Die beschalten Gastropoden der deutscen Tiefsee-Expedition 1898-1899.- Tomlin, John Reed le Brockton 1947. A new South African volutid. The Journal of Conchology 22(10):244-245- Weinkauff, Henrich Conrad 1878-1879. Die gattungen Marginella und Erato In: Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Cheminitz. 2nd ed. Bauer and Raspe, Nürnberg. Vol. 5(4):1-166, pls. 1-26.

**外部连结**
Marginellidae-  Coovert G.A. & Coovert H.K. (1995) Revision of the supraspecific classification of marginelliform gastropods. The Nautilus 109(2-3): 43-110 date=20240519161909 -  Fedosov A.E., Caballer Gutierrez M., Buge B., Sorokin P.V., Puillandre N., Bouchet P. (2019 20 September). Mapping the missing branch on the neogastropod tree of life: molecular phylogeny of marginelliform gastropods. Journal of Molluscan Studies-  SOARES JR, PAULINO JOSÉ, and Luiz Ricardo L. Simone. "Cladistic analysis of the family Marginellidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) based on phenotypic features." Zootaxa 4648.2 (2019): 201-240. date=20240712022642