操演性

操演性（Performativity），或译作表演性、展演性、述行性，是指语言作为社会行为形式发挥作用、产生效果的术语。 操演性，在人类学、社会地理学、文化地理学、经济学、性别研究、法学、语言学、戏剧理论、表演研究、历史、管理学和哲学等不同领域有多种应用与定义。
术语，来自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁的言语行为理论。奥斯丁提到了一种特别的能力：通过言语和交流，来采取行动，或达成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述叙说（constative utterance）区分开来，称为操演叙说（performative utterance）。奥斯丁定义陈述叙说为可以“评估为真或假”的语句。而操演叙说name=注的常见例子，有：承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 
受奥斯汀影响，性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为，性别是通过日常的言语行为和非语言行为在社会上构建的，有助于定义和维持身份。 这种性别操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反，性别操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因，而不只是结果，而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。 巴特勒的此观点也受到了傅柯、阿图塞等哲学家的影响。

**参考**

**注**

**注脚**

**延伸阅读**
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