联合国安全理事会主席国

联合国安全理事会主席国负责领导联合国安全理事会工作，安理会15个成员国轮流担任。主席国代表团团长称为联合国安理会主席。自1946年成立以来，主席国每月轮换一次，负责协调安理会行动，决定政策争端，有时还充当外交官或冲突方之间的中间人。

**Role**
The 联合国安全理事会 chamber in 纽约
The presidency derives responsibility from the Provisional Rules of Procedure of the United Nations Security Council as well as the council's practice.p=231 The role of the president involves calling the meetings of the Security Council, approving the provisional agenda (proposed by the 联合国秘书长), presiding at its meetings, deciding questions relating to policyp=120 and overseeing any crisis. The president is authorized to issue both Presidential Statements (subject to consensus among Council members) and notes, which are used to make declarations of intent that the full Security Council can then pursue. The president is also responsible for reading statements of the Security Council to the press. The holder of the presidency is considered to be the 'face' and spokesperson of the 联合国安全理事会.pp=119, 124 The holder of the presidency may appeal to parties in a conflict to "exercise restraint".p=233
The president represents the Security Council before other United Nations organs and member states. They also call upon members to speak, send applicants for United Nations membership to a committee of the UNSC and decide voting order.p=232 Particularly after the end of the 冷战, the president has worked to coordinate the UNSC with other organs.pp=111 The president has authority to rule upon 秩序问题, which can be put to a vote if a member of the council challenges it.p=233 They also name members of various subsidiary organs, and are generally responsible for maintaining order.p=234 Since November 2000, the president has generally prepared background papers for on the topic being discussed.p=119
The president also continues to represent their state. If their nation is involved in a conflict the UNSC is discussing, they are expected to temporarily step down.p=234 Conversely, because the presidency rotates monthly, all nations on the UNSC can evenly emphasize issues important to them.p=112 Most non-permanent states hold the presidency once or twice during their two-year terms; 布吉纳法索 changed its name from 上伏塔 in August 1984 during its term, and held it three times.p=114 The president often makes a distinction between when they are speaking as the president and as the representative of their state.p=11
, an academic, writes that:

**Identity**
The Permanent Representative (ambassador) of the state to the security council is usually the president of the council,p=232 but the presidency is technically given to a state and not a person.p=112 For example, in January 2000, a month in which the United States held the presidency of the Security Council, 美国副总统 阿尔·戈尔 headed the United States delegation to the United Nations for a few days. As a result, Gore was the president of the Security Council during this time. Heads of state have met six times at the UNSC. All members of the council, including the president, must present credentials issued by either the head of state, the head of government, or the minister of foreign affairs of their respective states to the 联合国秘书长, except if the representative is also the head of government or minister of foreign affairs.

**Origins**
The 联合国宪章 mentions the presidency once,p=6 stating that the Security Council is empowered to establish rules of procedure, "including the method of selecting its president" in Article 30. At its first meeting on 17 January 1946, the UNSC adopted provisional rule 18 and established the following method of selecting the president: the presidency rotates monthly among the fifteen (1946: eleven) members of the Security Council. The rotation takes place in alphabetical order of the member states' official names in English. As such, Australia was the first nation to hold the presidency.pp=6–7p=232 Such rotation makes the presidency unique among all United Nations organs.p=112 Terms began and ended on the 17 of every month until a suggestion by Australia in December 1946 to change led to the term being extended so the presidency would rotate on the first of every month. The president is the only non-elected head of a 联合国系统.pp=6–7

**Function**
In 1981, Sydney D. Bailey, an observer of the United Nations, divided the history of the UNSC into three eras; from 1946 to 1955, 1956–1965, and 1966 to 1981. In the first, presidents often acted on their own initiative without consulting the security council. During the second era, the security council was less involved in affairs relating to the Cold War, adopting the slogan "Leave it to 达格·哈马舍尔德". From 1966 to 1981, the president began informally discussing matters before holding formal sessions and generally becoming more efficient.pp=38–39, 41

**Early function**
德米特里·曼努伊尔斯基
In 1947 and 1948, the UNSC was involved in the 以色列独立宣言 and the ensuing 第一次中东战争. In July 1948, the 乌克兰苏维埃社会主义共和国 held the presidency. The council met on 7 July upon the request of a United Nations mediator, to consider whether it should promote peace. The UNSC had previously invited representatives of the Arab Higher Committee and the Jewish Agency of Palestine to discuss the issue.pp=237–243
德米特里·曼努伊尔斯基, the president in July, addressed the Jewish Agency as 'the representative of the State of Israel'. However, the UNSC had not formally recognized the state. Various member-states criticized his action, and only the United States supported it. In response, the Arab Higher Committee representatives left discussions, and did not return, hindering the UNSC's ability to negotiate the matter. Historian Istvan Pogany considers that "the President deliberately abused his office in order to further the objectives of his government."pp=237–243
In 1948, the president informally engaged in diplomacy several times, the first in January 1948, when the Belgian president requested that India and Pakistan "refrain from any step incompatible with the Charter and liable to result in an aggravation of the situation’'. In April, the Colombian president met with representatives of the Jewish Agency and Arab Higher Committee to discuss possible terms for peace. Later that year, the Argentinian president established a 'Technical Committee on Berlin Currency and Trade'.p=121-122 In August 1950, Sydney D. Bailey writes that the holder of the presidency, the Soviet Union, manipulated "the procedure of the Council for partisan purposes during debates on Korea".pp=
The president has also formally negotiated on behalf of the UNSC several times. In February 1957, upon the request of the UNSC, then-president Gunnar Jarring of Sweden prepared a report on 印度–巴基斯坦关系. He consulted with both nations and discussed many potential solutions to their disagreements, none of which were agreed upon. Such actions have generally not been requested since the 1970s. The president will also manage less formal negotiations upon request of the council.p=121-122

**Later function**
T. F. Tsiang held the presidency 16 times.
In a 31 March 1976 meeting discussing South African aggression against 安哥拉, the meeting continued past midnight and it was technically 1 April. Thomas S. Boya, the representative of 贝宁 and president for March, offered to pass the presidency on to China. Though the meeting was adjourned before a decision was reached, it became established procedure for the president to step down exactly when the month elapsed. A similar case on 31 May 2010 resulted in Nawaf Salam of Lebanon giving the presidency to Claude Heller of Mexico.p=113
In September 1994, during the 卢旺达种族灭绝, 卢旺达 was supposed to hold the presidency, but had not been present at Security Council meetings from 14 July. On 25 August, the Council decided to allow Spain to hold the position for September. A Rwandan delegation was again present on 16 September, and it was decided that the nation would hold the presidency in December.p=114 The presidency has been ceded several times. The first was from 10 to 12 January 1950, when the representative of 中华民国 ceded to Cuba. The United States ceded in 1948, China in 1950, India in 1951, Lebanon in 1956, and the United Kingdom in 1968. On 10 November 1993 the representative of 佛得角, José Luís Jesus, ceded to China as he was a candidate for election to the 国际法院; and on 15 December 1994 the Rwandan representative ceded to Argentina. Both the United States and 苏联 refused requests to cede the presidency, the US during the 冷战 and USSR during the 刚果危机.p=115-116
Taieb Slim, the 突尼西亚n holder of the presidency in September 1980, asked 伊朗 and 伊拉克 to "desist from all armed activity and all acts that might worsen the dangerous situation and to settle their dispute by peaceful means.p=233 The presidency was reformed in a 2010 note revised its function, largely focusing on increasing transparency. Efforts at such reform had begun in the 1990s.p=124-125 There have been various other efforts to reform the position, such as allowing terms to be extended during times of war.p=7
Numerous people have served multiple times as president. The most times anyone has held the position is sixteen, by 蒋廷黻, a representative of the Republic of China; the second-most was held by 雅科夫·马利克, a representative of the USSR, ten.p=28

**历任主席**

**1946–1949**
安理会主席（1946–1949年）：

**1950–1954**
安理会主席（1950–1954）:

**1955–1959**
安理会主席（1955–1959年）：

**1960–1964**
安理会主席（1960–1964:

**1965–1969**
安理会主席（1965–1969年）：

**1970–1974**
安理会主席（1970–1974:

**1975–1979**
安理会主席（1975–1979年）：

**1980–1984**
安理会主席（1980–1984:

**1985–1989**
安理会主席（1985–1989年）：

**1990–1994**
安理会主席（1990–1994）:

**1995–1999**
安理会主席（1995–1999年）：

**2000–2004**
Presidents from 2000–2004:

**2005–2009**
}
十一月 
2006
Jorge Voto-Bernales
十二月 
2006
Nassir Abdulaziz Al-Nasser and Mutlaq Majed al-Qahtani
一月 
2007
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
二月 
2007
Peter Burian
三月 
2007
Dumisani Kumalo
四月 
2007
Emyr Jones Parry and Karen Pierce
五月 
2007
扎勒米·哈利勒扎德 and Alejandro Daniel Wolff
六月 
2007
Johan C. Verbeke
七月 
2007
王光亚
八月 
2007
Pascal Gayama
九月 
2007
Jean-Maurice Ripert and 贝尔纳·库什内
十月 
2007
Leslie K. Christian
十一月 
2007
Marty Natalegawa
十二月 
2007
Marcello Spatafora
一月 
2008
1977
Giadalla Ettalhi
二月 
2008
Ricardo Alberto Arias
三月 
2008
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
四月 
2008
Dumisani Kumalo
五月 
2008
name=联合王国
凯伦·皮尔斯
六月 
2008
扎勒米·哈利勒扎德 and Alejandro Daniel Wolff
七月 
2008
黎良明
八月 
2008
Jan Grauls
九月 
2008
米歇尔·卡凡多, 布莱斯·孔波雷date=November 2012 and Alain Bédouma Yoda
十月 
2008
张业遂和刘振民
十一月 
2008
Jorge Urbina, 奥斯卡·阿里亚斯·桑切斯, Saúl Weisleder, and Jorge Ballestero
十二月 
2008
Neven Jurica, 斯捷潘·梅西奇, and 伊沃·萨纳德
一月 
2009
Jean-Maurice Ripert, 贝尔纳·库什内, and Jean-Pierre Lacroix
二月 
2009
三月 
2009
1977
Ibrahim Dabbashi and 阿布杜尔·拉赫曼·夏格汉
四月 
2009
Claude Heller and Patricia Espinosa
五月 
2009
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金和谢尔盖·维克托罗维奇·拉夫罗夫
六月 
2009
Baki İlkin and 艾哈迈德·达武特奥卢
七月 
2009
Ruhakana Rugunda and 萨姆·库泰萨
八月 
2009
name=联合王国
约翰·索尔斯
九月 
2009
苏珊·赖斯, 贝拉克·奥巴马, Rosemary DiCarlo, and 希拉里·克林顿
十月 
2009
黎良明
十一月 
2009
Thomas Mayr-Harting
十二月 
2009
米歇尔·卡凡多

**2010–2014**
}
五月 
2010
纳瓦夫·萨拉姆
六月 
2010
Claude Heller
七月 
2010
Joy Ogwu
八月 
2010
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
九月 
2010
Ertuğrul Apakan, 阿卜杜拉·居尔和艾哈迈德·达武特奥卢
十月 
2010
Ruhakana Rugunda
十一月 
2010
name=联合王国
Mark Lyall Grant
十二月 
2010
苏珊·赖斯和Brooke D. Anderson
一月 
2011
Ivan Barbalić
二月 
2011
Maria Luiza Ribeiro Viotti
三月 
2011
李保东
四月 
2011
胡安·曼努埃尔·桑托斯 and Néstor Osorio Londoño
五月 
2011
Gérard Araud
六月 
2011
阿里·邦戈·翁丁巴、Alfred Moungara Moussotsi和埃马纽埃尔·伊索泽-恩贡戴date=November 2012
七月 
2011
Peter Wittig和基多·威斯特威勒
八月 
2011
Hardeep Singh Puri
九月 
2011
纳瓦夫·萨拉姆、米歇尔·苏莱曼和纳吉布·米卡提date=September 2011
十月 
2011
Joy Ogwu
十一月 
2011
José Filipe Moraes Cabral
十二月 
2011
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
一月 
2012 
Baso Sangqu
二月 
2012 
Kodjo Menan
三月 
2012
name=联合王国
Mark Lyall Grant
四月 
2012
苏珊·赖斯
五月 
2012
Agshin Mehdiyev and 伊利哈姆·阿利耶夫
六月 
2012
李保东和王民
七月 
2012
Néstor Osorio Londoño
八月 
2012
Gérard Araud
九月 
2012
Peter Wittig
十月 
2012
Gert Rosenthal and Harold Caballeros 
十一月 
2012
Hardeep Singh Puri
十二月 
2012
Mohammed Loulichki and 萨阿德丁·奥斯曼尼
一月 
2013 
马苏德·汗 and 希娜·拉巴尼·哈尔
二月 
2013 
和金星焕
三月 
2013
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
四月 
2013
Eugène-Richard Gasana and 路易丝·穆希基瓦博
五月 
2013
Kodjo Menan
六月 
2013
name=联合王国
Mark Lyall Grant
七月 
2013
Rosemary DiCarlo
八月 
2013
María Perceval and Agustín Rossi
九月 
2013
Gary Quinlan and 朱莉·毕晓普
十月 
2013
Agshin Mehdiyev and 埃尔马尔·马梅季亚罗夫
十一月 
2013
刘结一
十二月 
2013
Gérard Araud and Alexis Lamek
一月 
2014
Zeid Ra'ad Zeid Al-Hussein
二月 
2014
Raimonda Murmokaitė and Linas Antanas Linkevičius
三月 
2014
Sylvie Lucas
四月 
2014
Joy Ogwu
五月 
2014
Republic of Korea
吴俊
六月 
2014
name=俄罗斯联邦
维塔利·丘尔金
七月 
2014
Eugène-Richard Gasana
八月 
2014
name=联合王国
Mark Lyall Grant
九月 
2014
萨曼莎·鲍尔
十月 
2014
María Cristina Perceval
十一月 
2014
Gary Quinlan
十二月 
2014
Mahamat Zene Cherif

**2015–2019**

**2020–2024**
}、马塞洛·埃布拉德和安德列斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔
十二月 
2021
Abdou Abarry
一月 
2022
Mona Juul and Anniken Huitfeldt
二月 
2022
name=俄罗斯联邦
瓦西里·涅边贾
三月 
2022
Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
四月 
2022
name=联合王国
吴百纳
五月 
2022
琳达·托马斯-格林菲尔德
六月 
2022
Ferit Hoxha, Olta Xhaçka and 埃迪·拉马
七月 
2022
Ronaldo Costa Filho
八月 
2022
张军
九月 
2022

尼古拉·德里维埃和卡特琳·科隆纳
十月 
2022
Michel Xavier Biang and Michael Moussa-Adamo
十一月 
2022
Harold Adlai Agyeman
十二月 
2022
Ruchira Kamboj
一月 
2023
石兼公博
二月 
2023
Vanessa Frazier
三月 
2023
Pedro Comissário Afonso
四月 
2023
name=俄罗斯联邦
瓦西里·涅边贾
五月 
2023
Pascale Baeriswyl
六月 
2023
Lana Zaki Nusseibeh
七月 
2023
name=联合王国
吴百纳
八月 
2023
琳达·托马斯-格林菲尔德
九月 
2023
Ferit Hoxha和埃迪·拉马
十月 
2023
Sérgio França Danese
十一月 
2023
张军
十二月 
2023
José de la Gasca
一月 
2024
尼古拉·德里维埃
二月
2024
Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett
三月
2024
Yamazaki Kazuyuki
四月
2024
Vanessa Frazier
五月
2024
Pedro Comissário Afonso
六月
2024
KOR
Hwang Joon-kook
七月
2024
Russia
瓦西里·涅边贾
八月
2024
Michael Imran Kanu
九月
2024
Boštjan Malovrh
十月
2024
Pascale Baeriswyl
十一月
2024
name=联合王国
吴百纳
十二月
2024
琳达·汤玛斯-格林菲尔德

**2025–2029**

**参见**
 联合国安理会14号决议- 联合国大会主席- President of the United Nations Economic and Social Council

**注**

**参考**

**参考书目**
isbn=0-19-828073-4
*publisher=F.A. Praeger
*isbn=0-415-35531-1- ref=none
**chapter=The Security Council
**chapter=The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council
**chapter=The Evolution of the Practice of the Security Council
**Cite book|last=Bishara|first=Abdalla|title=The Scope of Consensus|url=https://archive.org/details/pathstopeaceunse0000unse|publisher=Pergamon Press|year=1981|isbn=978-0-08-026322-9|editor-last=Nicol|editor-first=Davidson|pages= 67–73|chapter=The Vietnam-China-Kampuchea Cambodia Conflict, 1979- issn=0020-5893- oclc=1013608149

**外部链接**
 UN Security Council Presidency 官方网站 date=20181207110928 - Presidents of the Security Council in ... date=20130316102526 , United Nations Documentation, un.org