唐纳尔逊堡之战

唐纳尔逊堡之战
唐纳尔逊堡之战（Battle of Fort Donelson）是指1862年2月11日至2月16日期间，在美国南北战争西部战线爆发的战役，也是南北战争最重要的战役之一。北方的联邦军队占领在田纳西州和肯塔基州边界附近、坎伯兰河沿岸的南方邦联防御工事——唐纳尔逊堡（Fort Donelson），得以控制坎伯兰河的道路，并成为入侵美国南方的重要通道。由于联邦军在这次战役中赢得胜利，迫使美利坚邦联放弃田纳西州和肯塔基州的部分地区（包括纳许维尔等地）。原先默默无闻的准将尤利西斯·格兰特也因为领导军队而提升地位。其后格兰特晋升成为少将，并且因而获得「无条件·投降·格兰特」的绰号。

**参考文献**
 Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. The Campaign for Fort Donelson. National Park Service Civil War series. Fort Washington, PA: U.S. National Park Service and Eastern National, 1999. 1-888213-50-7.- Cooling, Benjamin Franklin. Fort Donelson's Legacy: War and Society in Kentucky and Tennessee, 1862–1863. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1997. 0-87049-949-1.- Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 0-684-84944-5.- Esposito, Vincent J. West Point Atlas of American Wars. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1959. 5890637. The collection of maps (without explanatory text) is available online at the  West Point website.- Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: A Narrative. Vol. 1, Fort Sumter to Perryville. New York: Random House, 1958. 0-394-49517-9.- Hamilton, James J. "The Battle of Fort Donelson." The Journal of Southern History 35.1 (1969): 99–100. JSTOR. Web. 21 Mar. 2015.- Gott, Kendall D. Where the South Lost the War: An Analysis of the Fort Henry—Fort Donelson Campaign, February 1862. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2003. 0-8117-0049-6.- Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 0-395-74012-6.- Knight, James R. The Battle of Fort Donelson: No Terms but Unconditional Surrender. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011. 978-1-60949-129-1.- Knight, James R.  "Nothing but God Almighty Can Save That Fort." Civil War Trust website, accessed March 21, 2015.- McPherson, James M. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 0-19-503863-0.- Nevin, David, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. The Road to Shiloh: Early Battles in the West. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1983. 0-8094-4716-9.- Simpson, Brooks D. Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000. 0-395-65994-9.- Stephens, Gail. The Shadow of Shiloh: Major General Lew Wallace in the Civil War. Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Society Press, 2010. 978-0-87195-287-5.- Woodworth, Steven E. Nothing but Victory: The Army of the Tennessee, 1861–1865. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005. 0-375-41218-2.- National Park Service battle description

**外部连结**
  Battle of Fort Donelson:  Battle Maps, histories, photos, and preservation news (Civil War Trust)-  Animated history of the Battles of Forts Henry and Donelson-  Newspaper coverage of the Battle of Fort Donelson date=June 8, 2010 -  paintings of Fort Donelson Battlefield date=March 7, 2016 -  Battles for Forts Henry, Heiman & Donelson -  BATTLE OF FORT DONELSON date=20230924030626 -  American Civil War: Battle of Fort Donelson date=September 6, 2015 -  The Battle of Fort Donelson, Tennessee date=20230213195054 -  Battle of Fort Donelson date=20230625082902 -  Battle of Fort Donelson: Brief Summary of Location, Strategies, and Casualties date=20231126100955 -  Battle of Fort Donelson – Bombardment date=20140814164916 -  Siege of Fort Donelson, 12–16 February 1862 date=20230422200058