玛利亚·埃奇沃思

Edgeworthstown House
玛利亚·埃奇沃思（Maria Edgeworth 5月22日）是一名英国-爱尔兰作家，她是欧洲早期现实主义儿童文学作家之一，但也创作成人文学作品2014。

**生平**
她出生于英格兰牛津郡黑博尔顿，是理查德·洛弗尔·埃奇沃思和安娜·玛利亚·埃奇沃思（Anna Maria Edgeworth，原姓Elers，1743–1773）的第二个孩子。她的童年和母亲一起在赫特福德郡伯克翰斯德的庄园（即Edgeworth House）里度过。其母在1773年去世，父亲续弦娶霍诺拉·斯尼德为妻。玛利亚在1775年进入德比的一所女子学校读书，1780年霍诺拉去世，父亲再娶霍诺拉的姐妹伊丽莎白为妻。玛利亚转学至伦敦，1781年差点因眼睛感染而失明2015。她14岁回家照顾弟弟妹妹，由父亲教授法律、经济、政治、科学、文学知识，并开始和伯明翰月光社的学者们来往。
她逐渐成为爱尔兰埃奇沃思镇家族地产的管理人，业余开始写作，与凯瑟琳·韦尔兹利、莫伊拉伯爵夫人伊丽莎白·罗登等社会名流有来往。
1798年，父亲娶弗朗西斯·安妮（Frances Anne）为妻。1800年开始，全家前往英格兰各地旅游，后又前往欧洲大陆，游历比利时、法国，直到1803年才回到家乡。她又开始文学创作，写成《The Absentee》、《Ormond》等爱尔兰小说。她在当时是非常有名的作家，可以和简·奥斯汀及沃尔特·司各特相提并论，她的收入甚至一度比他们还多。
1813年，她再次前往伦敦，结识拜伦和汉弗里·戴维，随后又和沃尔特·司各特成为好友，司各特的小说《威弗利》受她影响很大。1823年，她前往阿博茨福德庄园拜访司各特，司各特为她介绍了周边风景。次年，司各特回访。

**晚年**
1841年像
她曾和经济学家大卫·李嘉图探讨经济学，受后者影响，她开始在埃奇沃思镇推行科学的农业技术，以提升亩产、降低价格，并致力于提高当地穷人的生活水平。作为天主教解放的支持者，她还尝试过不计教派地向村里的孩子提供教育机会。爱尔兰大饥荒发生时，她也致力于赈灾，其作品《Orlandino》就是为了筹备赈灾款而作。
威廉·哈密顿当选皇家爱尔兰学院院长之后，玛利亚是他的文学顾问，推动女性参与学院事务。1837年，哈密顿选她为荣誉院士2015。
1849年5月22日，玛利亚突发心脏病去世。2015

**参考文献**
 archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228053448/https://books.google.com/books?id=mOKcQQAACAAJ- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228052832/https://books.google.com/books?id=B6VaAAAAMAAJ- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162622/https://books.google.com/books?id=4fE9AAAAYAAJ- year= 2004- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220407160805/https://books.google.com/books?id=quocyNYLbLcC- isbn=9780805768794- url-status=dead- Langdon, Alison Ganze. "The More Things Change: Maria Edgeworth’s “The Modern Griselda,"  The Year's Work in Medievalism 27 (2012).- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162624/https://books.google.com/books?id=ONhXPb-nRu4C- cite web|last=Manly|first=Susan|title=Maria Edgeworth (1768-1849)|url=http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Maria-Edgeworth.pdf|work=Biographies of Women Writers|publisher=Chawton House Library|access-date=30 March 2015|date=2012|archive-date=2015-04-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114955/http://www.chawtonhouse.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Maria-Edgeworth.pdf- url-status=dead- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228052857/https://books.google.com/books?id=leEl8D9dfDkC- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228053546/https://books.google.com/books?id=xg_T1Cj3crkC- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417084835/https://books.google.com/books?id=-9bid5ktk48C- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162632/https://www.houseofedgeworthsc.com/englishirishedgeworths.htm- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162623/https://books.google.com/books?id=9K8xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA323- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228053654/https://books.google.com/books?id=9K8xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA595- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162638/https://books.google.com/books?id=MEitiGoSHeMC- access-date=24 March 2015- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112111106/https://www.libraryireland.com/IrishPictures/Contents.php
**  Edgeworthstown date=20220227162625 - access-date=5 September 2015- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162636/http://hockliffe.dmu.ac.uk/items/0098.html- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220422020156/https://books.google.com/books?id=5VE4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1215- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523194035/https://books.google.com/books?id=ipo2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA320- wstitle=Edgeworth, Richard Lovell- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162621/http://www.nli.ie/pdfs/mss%20lists/040_Edgeworth.pdf- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162630/https://www.askaboutireland.ie/reading-room/history-heritage/big-houses-of-ireland/edworthstown-house-co.-lo/edgeworth-collection/- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227162628/https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/c/F50312

**外部链接**
 cname=Maria Edgeworth- Maria Edgeworth Collection. General Collection. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

**在线阅读**
  name=Maria Edgeworth- author=yes- sname=Maria Edgeworth- id=2083- archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317024438/https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/e/edgeworth/maria/