渔业管理

渔业管理（fisheries management）也称渔政，是对野生渔场、自然水体和水库等可被渔业使用的水域生态系统的自然资源管理，目标是从可再生水生资源中产生可持续性的生物、社会及经济效益。水产品属于可再生资源，因为被捕捞的生物（例如鱼类、虾类、蟹类、蛸类、贝类、爬行动物、两栖动物及海洋哺乳动物）一般每年的生物盈余都有所过剩，通过合适的管理方法，能够在不影响未来生产力的情况下捕捞这些生物。
渔业管理采用保护渔业资源的方法，利用渔业科学及预防原则，以促成可持续渔业。现代渔业管理通常属于政府体系，基于既定目标的适当管理规则，实施渔业检测、控制与监视。根据联合国粮食及农业组织说法，渔业管理暂时没有明确和普遍接受的定义。 然而，粮农组织使用并在其他地方大量引用的工作定义是：信息收集、分析、规划、协商、决策、资源分配以及制定和实施并在必要时强制执行管理渔业活动的法规或规则的综合过程，以确保资源和渔业活动的持续生产力和完成其他渔业目标。 

**管理机制**
许多国家设立了部委/政府部门，以管理其专属经济区的渔业。四类管理手段包括：调节投入/投资或产出，直接或间接运作：
技术手段包括：- 禁止使用弓箭、长矛或火器等设备- 禁止使用渔网- 规定最小网格尺寸- 限制船队船只平均潜在捕捞量（船只大小、器材、电子器材等） - 禁止使用诱饵- 限制捕鱼器- 限制渔民杆数或线数- 限制出海渔船数量- 限制船舶在海上每单位时间的平均作业强度- 限制平均出海时间

**另见**
 捕鱼执照

**参考文献**

**书籍参考**
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