威廉·尤特莫伦

威廉·查尔斯·尤特莫伦（William Charles Utermohlen，3月21日），美国具象艺术家，知名于1995年确诊阿兹海默症后所绘制的自画像。尤特莫伦的职业生涯从1957年持续到2001年，其画作被浓缩成六个时期。《但丁时期》（1964-1966年）受到但丁《地狱》的影响；《哑巴时期》（1968-1970年）和《对话片段》（1989-1991）等系列依据他的早期记忆。
尤特莫伦生于南费城的第一代德国移民家庭，1951年获得奖学金进入费城美术学院。服完兵役后，他于1953年赴西欧进修。他在那里从文艺复兴和巴洛克艺术家的作品获得灵感，接著于1957年从美术学院毕业。他于1962年迁居至伦敦，并于1965年与艺术史学家派翠西亚·雷德蒙结婚。1972年他搬到麻萨诸塞州，担任阿默斯特学院艺术科教师，然后在1975年返回伦敦。
他自1991年开始出现失忆征兆。1995年被诊断出患有阿兹海默症后，他开始着手创作一系列自画像，直至2001年无法再提起画笔。他于2007年3月21日去世，享寿73岁。在其作品刊登于2001年《柳叶刀》杂志后的几年间，尤特莫伦的自画像已陈列于包括芝加哥和伦敦在内的多个艺术展。2019年奥斯卡奖入围短片《勿忘我》受其自画像启发创作。

**早年生活**
威廉·查尔斯·尤特莫伦于1933年12月5日出生于宾夕法尼亚州南费城第一代德国移民家庭UK Government，是家中的独子3p=244。1951年，他获得奖学金进入宾夕法尼亚美术学院，并接受现实主义艺术家Walter Stuempfig的教学指导p=5。尤特莫伦于1953年服完兵役2006，其中包括在加勒比地区的两年。退伍后不久，他赴西欧深造，游历义大利、法国和西班牙等国，期间所见的乔托·迪·邦多纳和尼古拉斯·普桑的作品对他影响甚钜2012。1957年，他从美术学院毕业p=152。

**死亡**
尤特莫伦于2000年12月起2y=2001b。2002年，他不再绘画，2004年住进路易丝公主疗养院p=245。2007年3月21日，他因肺炎于Hammersmith Hospital病逝，享寿73岁p=7。遗孀派翠西亚表示：「实际上他早在那之前就已经不在了，比尔于2000年逝世，那时疾病意味着他不能再绘画。」2012

**建树**
尤特莫伦的自画像在2001年登载在医学杂志《柳叶刀》上的一篇论文中后引起人们的关注，该论文经常被认为推动了作品的流行3p=107。 据徐锡称，这些肖像已被标示为「他职业生涯的焦点」p=111。
评论者将尤特莫伦的作品和文森·梵谷、巴勃罗·毕卡索和爱德华·蒙克类比p=145，一些作家也将这些自画像和马温·皮克的插图相比拟p=2。赛尔表示，尤特莫伦的作品为观众提供了「对大脑衰退影响的独特写照」loc=para. 11。他早期自画像的存在（让观众可以创造出他精神衰退的延时摄影）2y=2020，以及他的作品让阿尔茨海默病患者的思想难得一见的想法，是促成他越来越受欢迎的两个方面pp=145-146。2019年短片《勿忘我》以自画像为灵感，获得2020年奥斯卡最佳动画短片奖提名2020。

**另见**
《时间尽头的每一角落》，英国电子音乐人The Caretaker以阿尔茨海默症为逐题摹拟的录音室专辑。

**参考资料**

**注解**

**脚注**

**参考文献**
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**期刊**
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**书籍**
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