第一次世界大战期间的德国

第一次世界大战期间，德意志帝国是最终战败的同盟国之一。 在盟国奥匈帝国向塞尔维亚宣战之后，它开始参与大战。除了1914年东普鲁士入侵的短暂时期之外，德国本土在大部分时间中仍相对免受广泛入侵。皇家海军实施的严密封锁导致了德国城市的严重食物短缺，尤其是在1916-17年冬季。战争结束时，德国的失败和广泛的民众不满引发了1918-19年的德国革命，这场革命最终推翻了君主制并建立了魏玛共和国。
1914年，与欧洲其他国家的人民类似，德国人民以复杂的情绪应对战争爆发。最近的研究挑战了人们普遍怀有热情（1914年精神）的理论。由容克地主统治的德国政府将战争视为结束被敌对国家法国，俄罗斯和英国包围的一种方式。外交大臣伯恩哈德·冯·比洛指出，战争是为了使该国获得“太阳下的一席之地”，公众普遍的民族主义很容易支持这一点。德国当局希望战争能够使公众作为君主制国家团结起来，并减轻由德国社会民主党的迅速发展所带来的威胁，德国社会民主党曾是战前德国帝国议会中最有影响力的政党。尽管德国社会民主党加入了第二国际，但它结束了与帝国政府的分歧，放弃了国际主义原则，反而来支持战争。
事情很快证明，德国没有为这场持续数月之久的战争做好准备。最初，在德国战时基础上没有采取任何措施来调节经济。而且在整个战争中，德国战争经济的组织状况仍然很糟糕。德国依赖食品和原材料的进口，但这由于英国对德国的封锁而被迫终止。首先限制粮食价格，然后实行定量配给。1915年，德国为了生产粮食和保存谷物，猪猡屠杀中屠杀了500万头猪。 1916/17年的冬天被称为“萝卜冬天”，因为马铃薯收成不好，人们开始吃动物的食物，包括品萝卜。在1914年8月至1919年中旬的战争中，由于营养不良，疲惫不堪，疾病和绝望率高而导致的平民死亡人数约有474,000人。

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The militarism mean the countries need to develop military or army levels
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**外部链接**
 de  "Der Erste Weltkrieg" date=20080125223103  (in English)  "The First World War" date=20191228100234  at Living Museum Online (LeMO)- Articles relating to  Germany date=20210426031557  at 1914-1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War
** Hirschfeld, Gerhard:  Germany date=20210428145906 
** Fehlemann, Silke:  Bereavement and Mourning (Germany) date=20210429083848 
** Bruendel, Steffen:  Between Acceptance and Refusal - Soldiers' Attitudes Towards War (Germany) date=20210428234741 
** Davis, Belinda:  Food and Nutrition (Germany) date=20210429145617 
** Oppelland, Torsten:  Governments, Parliaments and Parties (Germany) date=20210428184715 
** Stibbe, Matthew:  Women's Mobilisation for War (Germany) date=20210428145224 
** Ungern-Sternberg, Jürgen von:  Making Sense of the War (Germany) date=20210426031603 
** Ullmann, Hans-Peter:  Organization of War Economies (Germany) date=20210428203402 
** Gross, Stephen:  War Finance (Germany) date=20210429082607 
** Altenhöner, Florian:  Press/Journalism (Germany) date=20210426031554 
** Ther, Vanessa:  Propaganda at Home (Germany) date=20210428125124 
** Pöhlmann, Markus:  Warfare 1914-1918 (Germany) date=20210427152213 
** Löffelbein, Nils:  War Aims and War Aims Discussions (Germany) date=20210428231157 
** Whalen, Robert Weldon:  War Losses (Germany) date=20210418075408 -  Germany and the First World War date=20200609214529  article index at Spartacus Educational-  Posters of the German Military Government in the Generalgouvernement Warshau (German occupied Poland) from World War I, 1915-1916 date=20161231125249  From the Collections at the Library of Congress