透螺科

透螺科（学名：Diaphanidae）是生物分类学上一个微小海螺的分类单元，是头楯目之下一个海洋腹足纲软体动物的科shelldoc_320120816001。旧属透螺总科（学名：Diaphanoidea），现时是盒螺总科之下的成员WoRMS_1750。

**分布**
本科物种见于海水温度比较冰冷的地方，例如：北极地区、南极洲、澳大利亚及新西兰。

**栖息地**
本科物种分布于从潮间带到深海带。

**型态描述**
透螺科物种的螺壳微小、薄而且脆，一般透明或半透明，通常都小于5 mm in size。整体来说，螺壳呈卵形、梨形或bulbous。apex (mollusc)凹陷。

**分类**

**2005年分类**
根据2005年《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，透螺科是透螺总科的成员，包括下列两个科：
*透螺总科 Diaphanoidea
**透螺科 Diaphanidae
**Family Notodiaphanidae
而透螺科由两个亚科组成，包括下列各属：

**透螺亚科**
透螺亚科（Diaphaninae）包括下列各属：
*Genus Austrodiaphana Henry Augustus Pilsbry, 1893
**Austrodiaphan brazieri George French Angas, 1877：见于西澳大利亚州，体长8 mm。
**Austrodiaphana colei Fleming, 1948
***Distribution : 新西兰
**Austrodiaphana flemingi Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：见于纽西兰
**Austrodiaphana maunganuica Arthur William Baden Powell, 1952：见于纽西兰。
*Genus Colobocephalus Michael Sars, 1870
**Colobocephalus costellatus, Michael Sars, 1870
**Colobocephalus striatulus Monterosato ex Jeffreys, 1874
***Distribution : 地中海
*Genus Colpodaspis Michael Sars, 1870 (incertae sedis) The sole of the foot contains a gland that secretes a mucous fluid, which helps the little animal to stay attached to stems and algae.
**Colpodaspis punctata Clark, 1837
***Distribution : Mediterranean
**Colpodaspis pusilla Michael Sars, 1870：见于挪威南部、大不列颠岛及爱尔兰岛西部
***Length : 5 mm
***Description : the bubble shell is completely enclosed by the mantle; two prominent rhinophores on the head, leading to a groove along each side of the head; right posterior siphon
**Colpodaspis thompsoni Brown, 1979
***Distribution : tropical 印度洋-太平洋海域, 冲绳县, 圣诞岛
***Length : 3 mm
***Description : black sea slug with yellow warts on a white background; the 外套膜 encloses the bubble-shaped fragile shell; there is a pair of enrolled rhinophores on the head; the eyes are the two black spots on the head, just in front of the shell;
*Genus Diaphana Brown, 1827
**Diaphana abyssalis T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : Western 大西洋
**Diaphana anderssoni H. Strebel, 1908
***Distribution : 南佐治亚
**Diaphana caribaea Espinosa, J., J.Ortea & J.Magaña, 2001
***Distribution : 古巴
***Length : 2 mm
**Diaphana cretica
***Distribution : Mediterranean
**Diaphana expansa (Jeffreys, 1864)
***Distribution : Norway to the 锡利群岛.
**Diaphana floridana W.H. Dall, 1927
***Distribution : Georgia
***Length : 4 mm
**Diaphana globosa Lovén, 1846
***Distribution : 斯堪的纳维亚
***Length : 4 mm
**Diaphana haini Linse, K. & T. Schiøtte, 2002
***Distribution : 南极洲
***Length : 2.2 mm
**Diaphana hiemalis (Couthouy, J.P., 1839) (synonym of Diaphana minuta)
**Diaphana inflata (Strebel, H., 1908)
***Distribution : South Georgia
***Length : 2.4 mm
**Diaphana lactea Jeffreys, 1877
***Distribution : Mediterranean, Norway
**Diaphana lottae K.J. Bush, 1893
***Distribution : 北卡罗来纳州
***Length : 8.5 mm
**Diaphana makarovi G.B. Gorbunov, 1946
***Distribution : East Greenland
***Length : 3 mm
**Diaphana mauretaniensis T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : Mauretania
**Diaphana minuta Brown, 1827
***Distribution : Greenland, Scandinavia, Iceland, 苏格兰, North 西班牙 down to the Canaries and the Mediterranean, 麻萨诸塞州.
***Length: 5.8 mm
***Description : found in sandy bottoms from the low tide level to a depth of 350 m; thin, fragile, smooth, cylindrical shell with convex whorl (mollusc)s. The body whorl is prominent. Minute apex. Deep suture (gastropod) between the whorls. Deep umbilicus (mollusk).
**Diaphana pacifica T. Schiøtte, 1998
***Distribution : 南加利福尼亚州
**Diaphana paessleri H. Strebel, 1905
***Distribution : 福克兰群岛; 火地群岛; South Georgia; 南奥克尼群岛; 威德尔海, 南极洲; 凯尔盖朗群岛.
***Length : 3.3 mm
**Diaphana pfefferi H. Strebel, 1905
***Distribution : South Georgia
***Length : 2.9 mm
**Diaphana quadrata
***Distribution : Mmediterranean
**Diaphana seguenzae R.B. Watson, 1886
***Distribution : NE 巴西
***Length : 3.8 mm
*Genus Newnesia Edgar Albert Smith, 1902 (incertae sedis)
**Newnesia antarctica Edgar Albert Smith, 1902
***分布：南极州威德尔海
***Length : 17–30 mm
**Newnesia sphinx Strebel H., 1908
***Distribution : Paulet Insel (Antarctic Peninsula)
***Length : 24.8 mm
*Genus Rhinodiaphana Lemche, 1967
**Rhinodiaphana ventricosa Jeffreys, 1865
*Genus Woodbridgea Berry, 1953
**Woodbridgea polystrigma W.H. Dall, 1908 Furrowed Paper-bubble
***Distribution : America
** Woodbridgea williamsi S.S. Berry, 1953
***Distribution : West-America

**Subfamily Toledoniinae**
 Bogasonia Warén, 1989
**Bogasonia gorjachevi Chaban, 1998 - Distribution: 千岛群岛.
**Bogasonia volutoides Warén, 1989 - Distribution: 冰岛. Found at depths between 100–200 m.
*Toledonia Dall, 1902

**2017年分类**
，WoRMS纪录透螺科之下只余下透螺亚科的透螺属之下WoRMS_1750：- 透螺亚科 Diaphaninae Odhner, 1914 (1857)
** 透螺属 Diaphana T. Brown, 1827
*** == Amphisphyra Lovén, 1846
*** == Austrodiaphana Pilsbry, 1893
*** == Physema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1858
*** == Prodiaphana Chaban, 1996

**参考文献**

**外部连结**
 taxon=Diaphanidae- Bois-Reymond Marcus, E. D. (1976): A taxonomic survey of the genus Toledonia W.H. Dall, 1902 (Opistobranchia, Diaphanidae). Zool. Scripta 5: 25-33-  Photo of Colpodaspis thompsoni date=20160304080524