坎特伯雷的奥古斯丁

奥斯定（St. Augustine of Canterbury，俗译圣奥古-{}-斯丁，5月26日），本笃会神父和天主教会第一位坎特伯雷教区主教，被认为是「英格兰宗徒」，纪念日为5月26日（圣公会、东方正教会）与5月27日（罗马天主教会）。

**生平**
公元600年时，英伦三岛王国分布图，灰色为凯尔特人领土，红色为盎格鲁人领土，棕色为撒克逊人领土，黄色为朱特人领土。|alt=Map showing the kingdoms of Dyfed, Powys, and Gwynedd in the west central part of the island of Great Britain. Dumnonia is below those kingdoms. Mercia, Middle Anglia and East Anglia run across the middle of the island from west to east. Below those kingdoms are Wessex, Sussex and Kent, also from west to east. The northern kingdoms are Elmet, Deira, and Bernicia.
奥斯定原为罗马圣安德肋修院副院长，596年奉教宗大圣额我略一世敕命率四十名传教士往英国传教，即使面对英吉利海峡风浪险恶，奥古斯丁仍嘱咐众人不必担忧。597年，一行人到达英格兰，肯特国王艾塞尔伯特大表欢迎，亲自在橡树下倾听圣道，并将坎特伯里的土地拨给传教士，建造圣堂，并准许他们自由传教。
国王爱德培在橡树下听圣道
奥古斯丁在坎特伯雷建立教区，全力传扬基督教（此指罗马公教）。建立首间座堂，设神学院。於伦敦、罗彻斯特等地成立教区，奥古斯丁还帮助肯特君主订立法律、兴办学校及出版书籍。他在坎特伯雷建立的圣堂，之后逐渐扩建为坎特伯里主教座堂，他建立的圣伯多禄与圣保禄修道院，则成为著名的圣奥古斯丁修道院。
虽无文献记录，但国王可能于597年圣神降临节接受洗礼。不久后，奥古斯丁到法国，由阿尔勒总主教祝圣为主教。奥古斯丁也派使者向教宗额我略一世述职，请示重大工作问题，并请求多派助手。601年，一批传教士从罗马出发，其中著名的有圣梅利多、圣犹斯多、Paulinus of York等。这批传教士也带了大量礼仪用品，如主教披带、圣器、祭台布、祭衣、圣髑、经书等。教宗也向奥古斯丁颁赐敕令嘱咐如何推展教务，建立基督教行政体系；异教建物不必全部拆毁，仅需改为教会敬礼场所即可；若地方习俗无抵触教会者，应予保留；异教节日，得以殉道圣人瞻礼代之。由于奥古斯丁常显神迹，额我略叮嘱他，勿因主赐奇恩而自傲。
alt=Pile of stones marked with a tag reading "St. Augustine, Site of Grave, First Archbishop of Canterbury
奥古斯丁在英传教七年，605年5月26日逝世，葬于坎特伯里。

**参考文献**

**扩展阅读**
  isbn = 978-0-14-044042-3 -  isbn = 978-0-19-921117-3 -  isbn = 978-0-19-820394-0 -  isbn = 978-0-521-53777-3 -  isbn = 978-0-7185-0041-2 -  isbn = 978-978-052-131-8 - edition=Second -  isbn = 978-88-88163-54-3 -  isbn = 978-0-385-13594-8 -  isbn = 978-0-8014-9300-3 -  isbn = 978-0-8050-2763-1 - cite encyclopedia |author=Frend, William H. C. | authorlink= William Hugh Clifford Frend |title=Roman Britain, a Failed Promise |encyclopedia=The Cross Goes North: Processes of Conversion in Northern Europe AD 300–1300 |publisher=Boydell Press |location=Woodbridge, UK |editor=Martin Carver |year=2003 | isbn = 978-1-84383-125-9 |pages=79–92 - cite encyclopedia |author=Gameson, Richard and Fiona |title=From Augustine to Parker: The Changing Face of the First Archbishop of Canterbury |editor=Smyth, Alfred P.; Keynes, Simon |encyclopedia=Anglo-Saxons: Studies Presented to Cyril Roy Hart |publisher=Four Courts Press |location=Dublin |year=2006 |pages=13–38 | isbn = 978-1-85182-932-3 - cite encyclopedia |author=Hayward, Paul Anthony |editor= Lapidge, Michael, et al. |encyclopedia=Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |title=St Justus |year=2001 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |location= Malden, MA | isbn = 978-0-631-22492-1 |pages= 267–268 -  isbn = 978-0-7190-4827-2 -  isbn = 978-0-7867-1738-5 -  isbn = 978-0-415-24211-0 - cite journal |author=Jones, Putnam Fennell |title=The Gregorian Mission and English Education |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_speculum_1928-07_3_3/page/335 |journal= Speculum |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=335–348|date=July 1928 |doi=10.2307/2847433 |jstor= 2847433 -  isbn = 978-0-19-926722-4 - cite encyclopedia |author=Lapidge, Michael |authorlink= Michael Lapidge|title=Laurentius|encyclopedia=The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |page=279 |editors=Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald |year=2001 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |location=Malden, MA | isbn = 978-0-631-22492-1 - cite encyclopedia |author=Lapidge, Michael |authorlink= Michael Lapidge|editor= Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald |encyclopedia=Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England |title=Mellitus |year=2001 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |location= Malden, MA | isbn = 978-0-631-22492-1 |pages=305–306 -  isbn = 978-0-582-40427-4 - cite journal |author=Markus, R. A. |title=The Chronology of the Gregorian Mission to England: Bede's Narrative and Gregory's Correspondence |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-ecclesiastical-history_1963-04_14_1/page/16 |journal=Journal of Ecclesiastical History |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=16–30 |date=April 1963 |doi=10.1017/S0022046900064356 -  isbn = 978-0-271-00769-4 -  isbn = 978-0-85115-540-1 -  isbn = 978-0-7011-2514-1 - doi=10.1080/0015587X.1978.9716085 -  isbn = 978-0-19-280139-5 -  isbn = 978-0-340-60118-1 -  isbn = 978-2-204-06412-5 - cite journal |author=Wood, Ian |title=The Mission of Augustine of Canterbury to the English |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_speculum_1994-01_69_1/page/1 |journal=Speculum |volume=69 |issue=1 |pages=1–17 |date=January 1994 |doi=10.2307/2864782 |jstor= 2864782 -  isbn = 978-0-582-77292-2 - issue=10 - pages= 1–13

**外部链接**
  Augustine of Canterbury – entry at Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England project

**参见**
 坎特伯里大主教