田螺科

田螺泛指田螺科（学名：Viviparidae）的淡水腹足纲软体动物。平均只有拇指头大小，有角质口盖（螺厣），壳口相对比较大。螺蛳是田螺科动物的通称。很多淡水鱼类喜欢吃田螺。田螺体内很容易生长寄生虫。
根据在2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科属主扭舌目的成员。

**分布**
This family occurs nearly worldwide in temperate and tropical regions, with the exception that they are absent from 南美洲.
There are two genera of Viviparidae in Africa: Bellamya and Neothauma.

**分类**
旧属前鳃亚纲的中腹足目，田螺科目前是主扭舌类的成员，约有17属百余种。根据2005年的《布歇特和洛克罗伊的腹足类分类》，田螺科物种大致可分为三个亚科Bouchet 2005：- 田螺亚科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833) - synonyms: Paludinidae Fitzinger, 1833 (inv.); Kosoviinae Atanackovic, 1859 (n.a.)- 环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937 - synonym: Amuropaludinidae Starobogatov, Prozorova, Bogatov & Sayenko, 2004 (n.a.)- 平圆螺亚科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863 - synonym: Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929

**属**
田螺科包括下列各属：

**田螺亚科 Viviparinae Gray, 1847 (1833)**- Galizgia Mikhaylovskiy, 1903
** † Kosovia Atanacković, 1959
** 河螺属 Rivularia Heude, 1890
** Trochopaludina Starobogatov, 1985
** Tulotoma Haldeman, 1840
** 田螺属 Viviparus Montfort, 1810：模式属，目前只余下六个现生种。异名有：Vivipara（词性错误，不采用）、Contectiana Bourguignat, 1880、Hazayipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Kobeltipaludina Chernogorenko & Starobogatov, 1987、Paludina Férussac, 1812

**环棱螺亚科 Bellamyinae Rohrbach, 1937**- Amuropaludina Moskvicheva, 1979
** 角螺属 Angulyagra Rao, 1931
** 环螺蛳属 Anularya L.-J. Zhang & S.-C. Chen, 2015：只见于中国云南，其物种旧属螺蛳属guokr
** Anulotaia Brandt, 1968
** 环棱螺属 Bellamya Jousseaume, 1886：亚科的模式属；
** Boganmargarya Thach, 2018
** Genus Chlorostracia Mabille, 1889
** 圆田螺属 Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
** Eyriesia P. Fischer, 1885 
** Filopaludina Habe, 1964
** Heterogen Annandale, 1921：就只有一个物种，就是Heterogen longispira (E. A. Smith, 1886)；
** Idiopoma Pilsbry, 1901
** Larina A. Adams, 1851
** 螺蛳属 Margarya G. Nevill, 1877：只见于中国云南，和圆田螺属关系较近guokr。
** 湄公螺属 Mekongia Crosse & P. Fischer, 1876
** Neclarina Iredale, 1943
** Neothauma E. A. Smith, 1880
** Notopala Cotton, 1935
** 石田螺属 Sinotaia F. Haas, 1939：和石田螺属关系较近guokr。
** Taia Annandale, 1918
** 玺螺蛳属 玺螺蛳属 He, 2013：只见于中国云南，有两个物种，均旧属螺蛳属guokr。
** † Temnotaia Annandale, 1919
** Torotaia F. Haas, 1939
** 拟小螺属 Trochotaia Brandt, 1974
**Genus Centrapala Cotton, 1935 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855
**Genus Dactylochlamys Rao, 1925 accepted as Angulyagra Rao, 1931 (invalid: junior homonym of Dactylochlamys Lauterborn, 1901; Angulyagra is a replacement name)
**Genus Eularina Iredale, 1943 accepted as Larina A. Adams, 1855 (unnecessary replacement name for Larina, by Iredale treated as a junior homonym of Larinus Germar, 1824)
**Genus Lecythoconcha Annandale, 1920 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912
**Genus Notopalena Iredale, 1943 accepted as Notopala Cotton, 1935
**Genus Robinsonia G. Nevill & H. Nevill, 1869 accepted as Neclarina Iredale, 1943 (Invalid: junior homonym of Robinsonia Grote, 1865 Lepidoptera; Neclarina is a replacement name)
**Genus Siamopaludina Brandt, 1968 accepted as Filopaludina (Siamopaludina) Brandt, 1968 represented as Filopaludina Habe, 1964
**Genus Ussuripaludina Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina (Ussuripaludina) Zatravkin & Bogatov, 1987 accepted as Cipangopaludina Hannibal, 1912

**平圆螺亚科 Lioplacinae Gill, 1863**
异名有Campelomatinae Thiele, 1929
** Campeloma Rafinesque, 1819
** 平圆螺属 Lioplax Troschel, 1856：异名有Haldemania Tryon, 1862（次异名）

**亚科地位未定Subfamily unassigned Viviparidae (temporary name)**

**Life cycle**
Life spans have been reported from 3 to 11 years in various species of Viviparidae.

**参考资料**

**延伸阅读**
 Hirano T., Saito T. & Chiba S. (2015). "Phylogeny of freshwater viviparid snails in Japan". Journal of Molluscan Studies 81(4): 435–441. 10.1093/mollus/eyv019.- Qian Z.-X., Fang Y.-F. & He J. (2014). "A conchological review of Bellamyinae (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) of China". Shell Discoveries 1(3): 3-12.

**外部连结**
  Ju-Guang Wang, Dong Zhang, Ivan Jakovlić, Wei-Min Wang, Sequencing of the complete mitochondrial genomes of eight freshwater snail species exposes pervasive paraphyly within the Viviparidae family (Caenogastropoda); PLOS|One, July 25, 2017 date=20210826154609 
*Viviparidae