托马斯·哈代

托马斯·哈代，OM（Thomas Hardy，1月11日），英国作家，生于农村没落贵族家庭。

**生平**
哈代于英国多尔切斯特攻读建筑，及后于1862年前往伦敦，并成为伦敦国王学院学生，学习建筑工程，同时从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。哈代当过几年建筑师，曾获英国皇家建筑师协会及建筑联盟学院奖项，后致力于文学创作。

**创作特色**
他一生写了许多作品，他的小说多以农村生活为背景，前期作品长篇小说《绿荫下》、《远离尘嚣》，将宗法制农村生活理想化，反对工业化城市文明。以后作品现实主义成分逐渐加强。长篇小说《还乡》、《卡斯特桥市长》和《林中居民》，通过书中人物的悲惨遭遇，反映工业化势力深入农村后英国宗法制农村的巨大变化。《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》是他的两部代表作长篇小说，前者描写农村姑娘遭受富人迫害以至毁灭的悲剧，后者描写农村青年在工业社会中理想被毁灭的故事。他晚年转向诗歌创作，写出诗剧《统治者》，痛斥给人民带来苦难的暴君。
他所写作品对人民贫穷不幸的生活充满同情，对工业文明和道德作了深刻的揭露和批判，但他的作品也带有一些悲观情绪和宿命论色彩。

**作品**
哈代具有诗人与小说家的双重身分，除了小品文，长篇小说、短篇小说、诗歌、诗剧，品质优良。自1871年发表一部长篇小说后，每隔一二年就出版一部小说，共出版十四部长篇小说，有七部被列为英国小说中的伟大作品。

**长篇小说**
《绝望的救济》Desperate Remedies: A Novel (1871)
*《绿荫下》Under the Greenwood Tree: A Rural Painting of the Dutch School (1872)
*《一双蓝眼睛》A Pair of Blue Eyes: A Novel (1873)
*《远离尘嚣》Far from the Madding Crowd (1874)
*《贝妲的婚姻》The Hand of Ethelberta: A Comedy in Chapters (1876)
*《还乡》The Return of the Native (1878)
*《司令长》The Trumpet-Major (1880)
*《冷漠的人》A Laodicean: A Story of To-day (1881)
*《塔上恋人》Two on a Tower: A Romance (1882)
*《卡斯特桥市长》The Mayor of Casterbridge: The Life and Death of a Man of Character (1886) 
*《林居人》The Woodlanders (1887)
*《德伯家的苔丝：一个纯洁的少女》Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman Faithfully Presented (1891) 
*《深受爱载者》The Well-Beloved: A Sketch of a Temperament (1897) (first published as a serial from 1892)
*《无名的裘德》Jude the Obscure (1895)

**短篇故事**
《牛奶女工的浪漫冒险》"The Romantic Adventures of a Milkmaid" (1883) (collected in A Changed Man and Other Stories)
*《三个陌生人》"The Three Strangers" (1883) (collected in Wessex Tales)
*《威塞克斯故事集》Wessex Tales (1888, a collection of short stories)
*《一群高贵的淑女》A Group of Noble Dames (1891, a collection of short stories)
*《生活的小讽刺》Life's Little Ironies (1894, a collection of short stories)

**诗集**
《威塞克斯的诗与其他》Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898)
*《过去与现在的诗》Poems of the Past and the Present (1901)
*《时光的笑柄》Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909)
*《现实的讽刺》Satires of Circumstance (1914)
*《幻想时刻》Moments of Vision (1917)
*《诗集》Collected Poems (1919)
*《晚期与早期抒情诗》Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1922)
*《人间万象、遥远之梦：歌谣与琐事》Human Shows, Far Phantasies, Songs and Trifles (1925)
*《心境与格律的冬词》Winter Words in Various Moods and Metres (1928)

**诗剧**
《王朝：拿破仑与战争的诗戏》(The Dynasts: An Epic-Drama of the War with Napoleon (verse drama) 
**《王朝》第一部The Dynasts, Part 1 (1904))
**《王朝》第二部(The Dynasts, Part 2 (1906)
**《王朝》第三部(The Dynasts, Part 3 (1908)
*《康沃尔女王的悲剧》The Famous Tragedy of the Queen of Cornwall at Tintagel in Lyonnesse (1923)

**外部链接**
  The Thomas Hardy Association date=20210208064752  (TTHA)- id=lccn-n79-46230- name=Thomas Hardy- Works by Thomas Hardy at Internet Archive-  Works by Thomas Hardy in audio format date=20160307143153  from LibriVox-  Poems by Thomas Hardy date=20100710005620  at Poetry Foundation-  Poems by Thomas Hardy date=20100622035642  at PoemHunter.com-  A Hyper-Concordance to the Works of Thomas Hardy at the Victorian Literary Studies Archive, Nagoya University, Japan-   "The Dead Man Walking" (1909) date=20200814142904  and other Hardy poems at poetry-archive.com-  Thomas Hardy's Wessex Research site, including  maps, by Dr Birgit Plietzsch-  Works by Thomas Hardy date=20210206080249  in e-book and audiobook version-  Thomas Hardy's ashes at Westminster Abbey date=20170112050711 -  Pictures of Thomas Hardy visiting Marie Stopes at her lighthouse home on Portland, Dorset-  The Thomas Hardy Society date=20100210203551 -  The Life and Death of Thomas Hardy @ Ward's Book of Days date=20100928152743 -  Hardy Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin