瑟古德·马歇尔

瑟古德·马歇尔（Thurgood Marshall，catIdx=Marshall），美国民权律师和法学家，1967年至1991年间担任美国最高法院大法官，他是第一位担任此职的非裔美国人。

**大法官**
在担任大法官前，马歇尔曾在布朗诉托皮卡教育局案中担任原告律师，主张南方各州实施的种族隔离政策违反美国宪法第十四修正案，在最高法院获得胜诉。布朗案因宣告种族隔离政策违宪而成为美国历史上一个里程碑式的判决，美国前总统小布什称其为“一个使美国永远更好的判决”。
1965年，马歇尔获林登·约翰逊总统提名出任讼务次长。
1967年，因汤姆·克拉克大法官退休，马歇尔被约翰逊总统提名接替克拉克席位，约翰逊表示「这是一个正确的决定、在正确的时间、将最适合的人安排到最适合的地方。」在参议院以69比11票通过。
1991年，马歇尔因病辞去大法官之职，而马歇尔并不希望在共和党总统老布什执政时辞职，嘱咐法官助理如果仍是共和党总统执政，即使他死了，也要将他撑起来，继续投票。」。布什总统后来提名保守派的克拉伦斯·托马斯继任马歇尔席位。

**参考**

**延伸阅读**
 cite book|last=Abraham |first=Henry J. |author-link=Henry J. Abraham |title=Justices and Presidents: A Political History of Appointments to the Supreme Court |url=https://archive.org/details/justicespresiden0000abra |edition=3rd |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1992 |location=New York |isbn=0-19-506557-3 - Bland, Randall W. (1993). Private Pressure on Public Law: The Legal Career of Justice Thurgood Marshall 1934–1991. New York: University Press of America. 0-8191-8736-4- cite book|last=Cushman |first=Clare |title=The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 |edition=2nd |publisher=(Supreme Court Historical Society, Congressional Quarterly Books) |year=2001 |isbn=1-56802-126-7- url=https://archive.org/details/justicesofunited0000unse - url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00hall - Hodges, Ruth A., Reference Librarian.  Justice Thurgood Marshall: A Selected Bibliography, (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, Washington, DC, February 1993).- dead-url=no - url=https://archive.org/details/thurgoodmarshall00kall - Mack, Kenneth W., (2012).  Representing the Race: The Creation of the Civil Rights Lawyer date=20210414040938 . Harvard University Press. 978-0-674-04687-0.- Marshall, Thurgood (1950). "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745.- url=https://archive.org/details/ussupremecourtbi0000mart - Tushnet, Mark V. (1994). Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936–1961. London:  Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-510468-4;- Tushnet, Mark V. (1997). Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961–1991.  New York: Oxford University Press. 0-19-509314-3 pp., 256.- url=https://archive.org/details/supremecourtjust00melv/page/590 - isbn= 978-1-57607-989-8.- isbn=0-7391-0623-6 - White, G. Edward (2007), The American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, 978-0-19-513962-4.- Williams, Juan, Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary (New York: New York Times, 1998).  Promotional site for book 0-8129-3299-4; 978-0-8129-3299-7.- cite book|last =Woodward |first=Robert | author-link=Bob Woodward |author2=Armstrong, Scott |author-link2=Scott Armstrong (journalist)  
title =The Brethren: Inside the Supreme Court| year =1979 | location =New York | isbn = 978-0-7432-7402-9 

**外部连结**
 Thurgood Marshall:
**  Interview with Hunter Clark and Michael Davis on Thurgood Marshall: Warrior at the Bar, Rebel on the Bench date=20210206121632  Booknotes, January 3, 1993.
**  Interview with Juan Williams on Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary date=20160818074642 , Booknotes, October 11, 1998.- Fox, John,  "Biographies of the Robes: Thurgood Marshall" date=20201109215554 , Expanding Civil Rights, Public Broadcasting Service.- Oyez,  "Thurgood Marshall" date=20210314174453 , official Supreme Court media.-  Oral History Interview with Thurgood Marshall, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library-  FBI file on Thurgood Marshall date=20210415113240 - Long, Michael G.,  "The Vetting of Thurgood Marshall — and a Lesson for Today" date=20210206121242 , Chicago Tribune, July 15, 2018, via Portside.-  Image of Thurgood Marshall, Hyman Rickover and Newton Minow at convocation "Prospects for Democracy" at Beverly Hilton, California, 1963. date=20210224040945  Los Angeles Times Photographic Archive (Collection 1429). UCLA Library Special Collections, Charles E. Young Research Library, University of California, Los Angeles.