Turbo (Turbinidae)

Turbo là một chi ốc biển lớn có mang và nắp, thuộc họ Turbinidae. Chúng cũng là chi điển hình của họ này.

**Mô tả**
Vỏ của các loài trong chi này ít nhiều có hình xoắn ốc, dày, khoảng 20–200 mm. Loài Turbo đầu tiên được tìm thấy ở thời kỳ trước kỷ Phấn trắng, khoảng 100 triệu năm trước.

**Phân loại**
Theo Alf et al.  chi Turbo được chia thành 16 phân chi gần. Số loài còn sống được biết đến trong chi Turbo là 66, cộng với 5 phân loài.

**Các loài**
Các loài trong chi này bao gồm-  Turbo acutangulus Linnaeus, 1758 (taxon inquirendum)- Turbo albofasciatus Bozzetti, 1994- Turbo angelvaldesi Ortea & Espinosa, 1996- Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 - Turbo artensis Montrouzier, 1860- Turbo bozzettiana Bozzetti, 2011- Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798) - Turbo cailletii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1856 - Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781- Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - † Turbo chevalieri Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 - Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo cidaris Gmelin, 1791- Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786 - Turbo crassus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo debesi Kreipl & Alf, 2000- † Turbo embergeri Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 - Turbo euthymi Jousseaume, 1881- Turbo excellens G. W. Sowerby III, 1914- Turbo exquisitus Angas, 1877 - † Turbo fakaauensis Tröndlé & Letourneux, 2012 - † Turbo faurei Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 - † Turbo fittoni Basterot, 1825 - Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828 - Turbo funiculosus Kiener, 1848- Turbo gemmatus Reeve, 1848- † Turbo grangensis Pritchard, 1909 - † Turbo granulosus (Grateloup, 1827) - Turbo gruneri Philippi, 1846 - Turbo haraldi Robertson, 1957- Turbo haynesi (Preston, 1914)- Turbo heisei Prado, 1999- Turbo heterocheilus Pilsbry, 1888- Turbo histrio Reeve, 1848- † Turbo histrioides Kase, Tomida, Inoue & Kadota, 2020 - Turbo hosodai Tomida & Kadota, 2014- Turbo imperialis Gmelin, 1791- Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846- † Turbo ishidai Tomida, Sano & Kase, 2021 - † Turbo izuensis Kase, Tomida, Inoue & Kadota, 2020 - Turbo japonicus Reeve, 1848- Turbo jonathani Dekker, Moolenbeck & Dance, 1992- Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839- Turbo kenwilliamsi Williams, 2008 - Turbo laetus Philippi, 1849- Turbo lajonkairii (Deshayes, 1839)- Turbo laminiferus Reeve, 1848 - † Turbo lesperonensis Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 - Turbo lorenzi Alf & Kreipl, 2015- † Turbo maderensis Magne & Vergneau-Saubade, 1971 - Turbo magnificus Jonas, 1844 - Turbo marisrubri Kreipl & Alf, 2001- Turbo markusrufi Kreipl & Alf, 2003- Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758 - † Turbo matsuzakiensis Tomida & Kadota, 2012 - Turbo mazatlanicus Pilsbry & H. N. Lowe, 1932- † Turbo mekamiensis Nishiwada, 1894 - Turbo militaris Reeve, 1848 - † Turbo minoensis Itoigawa, 1960 - Turbo moluccensis Philippi, 1846- Turbo moolenbeeki Dekkers & Dekker, 2016- † Turbo moorei Hayward, 1981- † Turbo multicarinatus Grateloup, 1832 - † Turbo neuvillei Cossmann & Peyrot, 1917 - † Turbo oryctus (Suter, 1917)- † Turbo ozawai Otsuka, 1938 †- †Turbo parvuloides Nomura, 1940- Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo reevii Philippi, 1847- Turbo sandwicensis (Pease, 1861) - † Turbo sanoi Tomida & Kadota, 2012 - Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758 - Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo sazae Fukuda, 2017 - Turbo scitulus (Dall, 1919) - Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1886 - Turbo sparverius Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843- Turbo stenogyrus P. Fischer, 1873 -  † Turbo subsetosus d'Orbigny, 1852 -  † Turbo tenisoni Finlay, 1927- Turbo ticaonicus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798)- Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834- Turbo tursicus (Reeve, 1843)- Turbo walteri Kreipl & Dekker, 2009-  † Turbo yoshiharuyabei Tomida & Kadota, 2012

**Đồng nghĩa**
Các loài sau đây được đưa vào danh pháp đồng nghĩa:
- Turbo aculeatus Allan, 1818: syn. Epitonium muricatum (Risso, 1826)- Turbo acutus Donovan, 1804: syn. Turbonilla acuta (Donovan, 1804)- Turbo aegyptius Gmelin, 1791: syn. Rubritrochus declivis (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)- Turbo aereus Adams J., 1797: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo aethiops Gmelin, 1791: syn. Diloma aethiops (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo agonistes Dall & Ochsner, 1928: syn. Turbo scitulus (Dall, 1919)- Turbo albidus Kanmacher, 1798: syn. Graphis albida (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo albocinctus Link, 1807: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo albulus Fabricius O., 1780: syn. Menestho albula (Fabricius, 1780)- Turbo albus Adams J., 1797: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo amabilis Ozaki, 1954: syn. Bolma guttata (A. Adams, 1863)- Turbo amussitatus Gould, 1861: syn. Homalopoma amussitatum (Gould, 1861)- Turbo anguis Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella undulata (Lightfoot, 1786)- Turbo angulatus Eichwald, 1829: syn. Gibbula adriatica (Philippi, 1844)- Turbo anomala Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo cidaris cidaris Gmelin, 1791- Turbo archimedis Dillwyn, 1817: syn. Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo argentata Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo argenteus Anton, 1839: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo armatus Dillwyn, 1817: syn. Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)- Turbo arsinoensis Issel, 1869: syn. Collonista arsinoensis (Issel, 1869)- Turbo aruginosa Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo ascaris Turton, 1819: syn. Aclis ascaris (Turton, 1819)- Turbo assimilis Kiener, 1847: syn. Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo asteriola Dall, 1925: syn. Bolma bartschi Dall, 1913- Turbo aurantius Kiener, 1847: syn. Turbo smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1886- Turbo auriscalpium Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Rissoa auriscalpium (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo ayersi Olsson, 1967: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo bicarinatus Woodward, 1833: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo bicarinatus G. B. Sowerby I, 1825: syn. Trichotropis bicarinata (Sowerby I, 1825)- Turbo boswellae Barnard, 1969: syn. Cantrainea boswellae (Barnard, 1969)- Turbo breviculus Philippi, 1847: syn. Littorina brevicula (Philippi, 1844)- Turbo briareus Dall, 1881: syn. Arene briareus (Dall, 1881)- Turbo brunneus Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798)- Turbo bryereus Montagu, 1803: syn. Schwartziella bryerea (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo caerulescens Lamarck, 1822: syn. Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo calathiscus Montagu, 1808: syn. Alvania cimex (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo calcar Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Astralium calcar (Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo canaliculatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo canalis Montagu, 1803: syn. Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo cancellatus da Costa, 1778: syn. Alvania cancellata (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo carduus P. Fischer, 1873: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus f. carduus P. Fischer, 1873 accepted as Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 (original rank)- Turbo carinatus Woodward, 1833: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo carinatus da Costa, 1778: syn. Alvania carinata (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo carinatus Cantraine, 1835: syn. Cantrainea peloritana (Cantraine, 1835)- Turbo cernicus G. B. Sowerby III, 1896: syn. Turbo japonicus Reeve, 1848- Turbo carneus Lowe, 1825: syn. Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo chemnitzianus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo chinensis Ozawa & Tomida, 1995: syn. Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786- Turbo cimex Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Alvania cimex (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo cinereus Born, 1778: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo cinereus Couthouy, 1838: syn. Margarites costalis (Gould, 1841)- Turbo cingillus Montagu, 1803: syn. Cingula trifasciata (J. Adams, 1800)- Turbo cingulata Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo circularis Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo gruneri Philippi, 1846- Turbo classicarius J.E. Gray, 1850: syn. Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo clathratulus J. Adams, 1798: syn. Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo clathratulus Kanmacher, 1798: syn. Epitonium clathratulum (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo clathrus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Epitonium clathrus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo coccineus Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1816: syn. Homalopoma sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo cochlus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo confragosus Gould, 1851: syn. Astralium confragosum (Gould, 1851)- Turbo conoideus Brocchi, 1814: syn. Megastomia conoidea (Brocchi, 1814)- Turbo coreensis Recluz, 1853: syn. Turbo granulatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo coronatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo costatus Adams J., 1797: syn. Manzonia crassa (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo crassior Montagu, 1803: syn. Lacuna crassior (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo crassus Kanmacher, 1798: syn. Manzonia crassa (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo cremensis Andrzeiewsky, 1832: syn. Gibbula adriatica (Philippi, 1844)- Turbo crenatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Opalia crenata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo creniferus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo crenulatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo davidis Röding, 1798 : syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo declivis Forskål, 1775: syn. Rubritrochus declivis (Forskål, 1775)- Turbo decussatus Montagu, 1803 : syn. Parthenina decussata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo delphinus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo depressum Carpenter, 1856: syn. Turbo funiculosus Kiener, 1848- Turbo diminutus Link, 1807 : syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo dinegrata Rôding, 1798: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo discors Allan, 1818 : syn. Alvania discors (Allan, 1818)- Turbo discrepans Allan, 1818 : syn. Alvania discors (Allan, 1818)- Turbo distortus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Angaria delphinus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo divisus Adams J., 1797 : syn. Ondina divisa (J. Adams, 1797)- Turbo duplicatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo echinatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo chrysostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo elegantissimus Montagu, 1803: syn. Turbonilla lactea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo elevatus Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852: syn. Prisogaster elevatus (Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852)- Turbo elongatus Woodward, 1833: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo euthymi Jousseaume, 1881: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo exoletus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo expansus Brown in J. Smith, 1839: syn. Littorina fabalis (Turton, 1825)- Turbo fabalis Turton, 1825: syn. Littorina fabalis (Turton, 1825)- Turbo fasciata Renieri MS, Brocchi, 1814: syn. Eulima glabra (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo fasciatus Renieri, 1804: syn. Eulima glabra (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo ferrugineus Anton, 1839: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo filifer Deshayes, 1863: syn. Leptothyra filifer (Deshayes, 1863)- Turbo filosus W. Wood, 1828: syn. Turbo cailletii P. Fischer & Bernardi, 1856- Turbo flammeus Salis Marschlins, 1793: syn. Tricolia pullus pullus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo fluctuatus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo fokkesi Jonas, 1843: syn. Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo foliaceus Rousseau, 1854: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo folicaeus Philippi, 1847: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo fortispiralis Kreipl & Alf, 2003: syn. Turbo smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1886- Turbo grandineus Valenciennes, 1846 : syn. Calliostoma punctulatum (Martyn, 1784)- Turbo granoliratus G.B. Sowerby III, 1908: syn. Turbo moluccensis Philippi, 1846- Turbo granosus (Martyn, 1784): syn. Modelia granosa (Martyn, 1784)- Turbo granulata (Röding, 1798): syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791- Turbo granulatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella granulata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo granulosus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo granulatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo graphicus Brown, 1818 : syn. Cingula trifasciata (J. Adams, 1800)- Turbo groenlandicus Röding, 1798 : syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo helicinus Phipps, 1774: syn. Margarites helicinus (Phipps, 1774)- Turbo helicoides Gmelin, 1791: syn. Separatista helicoides (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo hemprichii Troschel, 1849: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo henicus Watson, 1885: syn. Bolma henica (Watson, 1885)- Turbo heteroclitus Kiener, 1847: syn. Turbo torquatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo hippocastanum Lamarck, 1822: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791- Turbo humerosa Smith, 1901: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo imbricatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella imbricata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo incarnatus Couthouy, 1838: syn. Margarites groenlandicus (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo indistinctus Montagu, 1808: syn. Parthenina indistincta (Montagu, 1808)- Turbo indutus Watson, 1879: syn. Homalopoma indutum (Watson, 1879)- Turbo insculptus Montagu, 1808: syn. Ondina divisa (J. Adams, 1797)- Turbo interruptus Adams J., 1800: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo interstinctus J. Adams, 1797: syn. Chrysallida interstincta (J. Adams, 1797)- Turbo irroratus Say, 1822: syn. Littoraria irrorata (Say, 1822)- Turbo japonicus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786- Turbo jugosus Montagu, 1803: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo jungi Lai, 2006: syn. Lunella jungi (Lai, 2006)- Turbo labiatus Brown, 1827: syn. Littorina arcana Hannaford-Ellis, 1978- Turbo lacteus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turbonilla lactea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo lacteus Donovan, 1804: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo laetus Montrouzier in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1863: syn. Collonia granulosa Pease, 1868- Turbo laevis Pennant, 1777: syn. Melanella alba (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo lamellosus Philippi, 1846: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo lamellosus Broderip, 1831: syn. Lunella torquata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo lapidifera Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo lehmanni Menke, 1843: syn. Notogibbula lehmanni (Menke, 1843)- Turbo litoreus sic: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo littoreus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo lucullanus Scacchi, 1833: syn. Fossarus ambiguus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo ludus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella undulata (Lightfoot, 1786)- Turbo lugubris Reeve, 1848: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo lugubris Kiener, 1847: syn. Lunella ogasawarana Nakano, Takashashi & Ozawa, 2007- Turbo macandrewii Mörch, 1868: syn. Anadema macandrewii (Mörch, 1868)- Turbo mammillatus Donovan, E., 1804: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo maoa Curtiss, 1938: syn. Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo martinii W. Wood, 1828: syn. Amaea martinii (W. Wood, 1828)- Turbo membranaceus Adams J., 1800: syn. Rissoa membranacea (J. Adams, 1800)- Turbo menkei Thiele, 1930: syn. Turbo haynesi (Preston, 1914)- Turbo mespilus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo imperialis Gmelin, 1791- Turbo minimus W. Wood, 1828: syn. Echinolittorina mespillum (Mühlfeld, 1824)- Turbo minutus Michaud, 1828: syn. Clathrella clathrata (Philippi, 1844)- Turbo mitzschii Anton, 1838: syn. Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo modestus Philippi, 1847: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo moltkianus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo moniliformis (Röding, 1798): syn. Lunella moniliformis Röding, 1798- Turbo monilis Turton, 1819: syn. Alvania carinata (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo muricatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Cenchritis muricatus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo muricatus Nowell-Usticke, 1959: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791- Turbo murreus Reeve, 1848: syn. Isanda murrea (Reeve, 1848)- Turbo naninus Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864: syn. Leptothyra nanina (Souverbie in Souverbie & Montrouzier, 1864)- Turbo natalensis Krauss, 1848: syn. Turbo cidaris natalensis (Krauss, 1848)- Turbo nautileus Linnaeus, 1767: syn. Gyraulus crista (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo nebulosus Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775: syn. Monodonta nebulosa (Forsskål in Niebuhr, 1775)- Turbo necnivosus Iredale, 1929: syn. Turbo smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1886- Turbo neritiformis Brown, 1827: syn. Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo neritoides Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo nicobaricus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Chrysostoma paradoxum (Born, 1778)- Turbo niger W. Wood, 1828: syn. Prisogaster niger (W. Wood, 1828)- Turbo nigerrimus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Diloma nigerrima (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo nitidissimus Montagu, 1803: syn. Ebala nitidissima (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo nitzschii Anton, 1839: syn. Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo nivosa Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo tuberculosus Quoy & Gaimard, 1834- Turbo nivosus Montagu, 1803: syn. Chrysallida nivosa (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo obligatus Say, 1822: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo obscura Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo obscurus Couthouy, 1838: syn. Solariella obscura (Couthouy, 1838)- Turbo obsoletus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo obtusatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo olearius Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo olivaceus Brown, 1827: syn. Margarites olivaceus (Brown, 1827)- Turbo ovalis da Costa, 1778: syn. Acteon tornatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo palliatus Say, 1822: syn. Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo pallidus Donovan, 1804: syn. Lacuna crassior (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo pallidus Perry, G., 1811: syn. Turbo argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758 - Turbo papyraceus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Pseudostomatella papyracea (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo parvulus Philippi, 1849: syn. Turbo smithi G.B. Sowerby III, 1886- Turbo parvus da Costa, 1778: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo peloritanus Cantraine, 1835: syn. Cantrainea peloritana (Cantraine, 1835)- Turbo perdix Wood, 1828: syn. Phasianella ventricosa Swainson, 1822- Turbo permundus Iredale, 1929: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo pethiolatus Swainson, 1840: syn. Turbo sarmaticus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo phasianellus Deshayes, 1863: syn. Calliotrochus marmoreus (Pease, 1861)- Turbo picta Röding, 1798: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo pictus da Costa, 1778: syn. Tricolia pullus picta (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo pileolum Reeve, 1842: syn. Astralium pileolum (Reeve, 1842)- Turbo planorbis Fabricius O., 1780: syn. Skeneopsis planorbis (O. Fabricius, 1780)- Turbo plicatus Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824: syn. Manzonia crassa (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo plicatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Odostomia plicata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo politus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Melanella polita (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo ponsonbyi Sowerby III, 1897: syn. Bothropoma ponsonbyi (Sowerby, 1897)- Turbo porcatus Reeve, 1848: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo porphyrites Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo porphyrites sic, porphyria: syn. Turbo petholatus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo princeps Philippi, 1846: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo psittacinus Philippi, 1846: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo pulcher (Rehder, 1943): syn. Turbo haraldi Robertson, 1957- Turbo pulcher Reeve, 1842: syn. Turbo kenwilliamsi Williams, 2008- Turbo pulcherrimus Noodt, 1819: syn. Calliostoma (Maurea) punctulatum (Martyn, 1784) represented as Calliostoma punctulatum (Martyn, 1784)- Turbo pullus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Tricolia pullus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo pumiceus Brocchi, 1814: syn. Cirsotrema cochlea (G. B. Sowerby II, 1844)- Turbo punctatus Kanmacher, 1798: syn. Marshallora adversa (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo punctatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo punctura Montagu, 1803: syn. Alvania punctura (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo purpureus Risso, 1826: syn. Clanculus cruciatus (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo pustulata Reeve, 1843: syn. Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843- Turbo pustulatus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843- Turbo puteolus Turton, 1819: syn. Lacuna parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo pyropus Reeve, 1848: syn. Yaronia pyropus (Reeve, 1848)- Turbo quadricarinatus Brocchi, 1814: syn. Mathilda quadricarinata (Brocchi, 1814)- Turbo quadrifasciatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo radiatus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo intercostalis Menke, 1846- Turbo radina Webster, 1905: syn. Turbo smaragdus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo replicatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella duplicata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo reticulatus J. Adams, 1797: syn. Alvania beanii (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844)- Turbo reticulatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Alvania beanii (Hanley in Thorpe, 1844)- Turbo reticulatus Donovan, 1804: syn. Marshallora adversa (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo retusus Lamarck, 1822: syn. Littorina obtusata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo rissoanus Delle Chiaje, 1828: syn. Rissoa variabilis (Von Mühlfeldt, 1824)- Turbo ruber J. Adams, 1797: syn. Barleeia unifasciata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo rubicundus Chemnitz: syn. Turbo granosus (Martyn, 1784)- Turbo rudis Maton, 1797: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo rudissimus Johnston, 1842: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo rugosus Linnaeus, 1767: syn. Bolma rugosa (Linnaeus, 1767)- Turbo rugosus Brown, 1818: syn. Tornus subcarinatus (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo sangarensis Schrenck, 1861: syn. Homalopoma sangarense (Schrenck, 1861)- Turbo sanguineus de Folin, 1868: syn. Collonista purpurata (Deshayes, 1863)- Turbo sanguineus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Homalopoma sanguineum (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo saxatilis Olivi, 1792: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo scabrosus Preston, 1914: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo scalaris Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Epitonium scalare (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo semicostatus Pease, 1861: syn. Turbo argyrostomus argyrostomus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo semicostatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo semilugubris Deshayes, 1863: syn. Vaceuchelus semilugubris (Deshayes, 1863)- Turbo semistriatus Montagu, 1808: syn. Crisilla semistriata (Montagu, 1808)- Turbo separatista Dillwyn, 1817: syn. Separatista helicoides (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo seruiensis Smits & Moolenbeek, 1995: syn. Turbo moluccensis Philippi, 1846- Turbo shandi Hutton, 1873: syn. Turbo granosus (Martyn, 1784)- Turbo shepeianus J. Adams, 1798: syn. Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo shepeianus Kanmacher, 1798: syn. Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo siamea Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo cornutus Lightfoot, 1786- Turbo siculus Brugnone, 1850: syn. Echinolittorina punctata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo smaragdus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella smaragdus (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo somnueki Patamakanthin, 2001: syn. Turbo tursicus (Reeve, 1843)- Turbo speciosus Mühlfeld, 1824: syn. Tricolia speciosa (Mühlfeld, 1824)- Turbo speciosus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo argyrostomus perspeciosus (Iredale, 1929)- Turbo spenglerianus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo canaliculatus Hermann, 1781- Turbo spinosus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo spiralis Montagu, 1803: syn. Chrysallida pellucida (Dillwyn, 1817)- Turbo splendidulus G.B. Sowerby III, 1886: syn. Turbo laetus Philippi, 1849- Turbo squamosa Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo bruneus (Röding, 1798)- Turbo squamosus J.E. Gray, 1847: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo stamineus Martyn, 1784: syn. Turbo torquatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo stellaris Gmelin, 1791: syn. Astralium stellare (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo striatulus da Costa, 1778: syn. Alvania carinata (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo striatulus Montagu, 1803: syn. Alvania carinata (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo striatulus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turbonilla striatula (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo striatus J. Adams, 1797: syn. Onoba semicostata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo subcastaneus Pilsbry, 1888: syn. Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843- Turbo subluteus Adams J., 1797: syn. Rissoa parva (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo subtruncatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus, 1767)- Turbo subulatus Donovan, 1804: syn. Eulima glabra (da Costa, 1778)- Turbo subumbilicatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)- Turbo sulcatus Woodward, 1833: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo sulcatus Leach, 1852: syn. Littorina compressa Jeffreys, 1865- Turbo taeniatus G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: syn. Photinastoma taeniatum (G. B. Sowerby I, 1825)- Turbo tautiranus Curtiss, 1938: syn. Littoraria coccinea (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo taylorianus E.A. Smith, 1880: syn. Bolma tayloriana (E. A. Smith, 1880)- Turbo tenebrosus Montagu, 1803: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo terebellum Dillwyn, 1817: syn. Niso terebellum (Dillwyn, 1817)- Turbo terebra Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella terebra (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo tessellatus Kiener, 1848: syn. Turbo fluctuosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo torcularis Born, 1778: syn. Turritella exoleta (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo torquatus Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella torquata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo tricarinulatus Euthyme, 1885: syn. Turbo cidaris cidaris Gmelin, 1791- Turbo tricolor Risso, 1826: syn. Melarhaphe neritoides (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo tricostatus Hutton, 1884: syn. Lunella smaragdus (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo trifasciatus J. Adams, 1800: syn. Cingula cingillus (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo trochiformis Born, 1778: syn. Trochita trochiformis (Born, 1778)- Turbo trochoides Reeve, 1848: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo truncatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Truncatella subcylindrica (Linnaeus, 1767)- Turbo tuberculata Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo squamiger Reeve, 1843- Turbo tuberculatus W. Wood, 1828: syn. Tectarius antonii (Philippi, 1846)- Turbo tuberculatus Kiener, 1847: syn. Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo tumidulus Reeve, 1848: syn. Turbo radiatus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo turbinopsis Lamarck, 1822: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo turriformis Preston, 1914: syn. Turbo lamniferus Reeve, 1848- Turbo turtonis Turton, 1819: syn. Epitonium turtonis (Turton, 1819)- Turbo ulvae Pennant, 1777: syn. Peringia ulvae (Pennant, 1777)- Turbo undulata Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus, 1758- Turbo undulatus Lightfoot, 1786: syn. Lunella undulata (Lightfoot, 1786)- Turbo ungulinus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella ungulina (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo unicus Montagu, 1803: syn. Graphis albida (Kanmacher, 1798)- Turbo unidentatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Odostomia unidentata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo unifasciatus Montagu, 1803: syn. Barleeia unifasciata (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo ustulatus Lamarck, 1822: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo variegatus Linnaeus, 1758: syn. Turritella variegata (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo venezuelensis Weisbord, 1962: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791 - Turbo ventricosus Woodward, 1833: syn. Littorina littorea (Linnaeus, 1758)- Turbo ventrosus Montagu, 1803: syn. Ecrobia ventrosa (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo venustus Philippi, 1845: syn. Turbo saxosus W. Wood, 1828- Turbo verconis Iredale, 1937: syn. Turbo jourdani Kiener, 1839- Turbo vericulum Röding, 1798: syn. Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791- Turbo vermicularis Brocchi, 1814: syn. Turritella vermicularis (Brocchi, 1814)- Turbo versicolor Nowell-Usticke, 1959: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791- Turbo versicolor Gmelin, 1791: syn. Lunella cinerea (Born, 1778)- Turbo vestitus Say, 1822: syn. Littorina saxatilis (Olivi, 1792)- Turbo vieuxi Payraudeau, 1826: syn. Tricolia speciosa (Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1824)- Turbo vinctus Montagu, 1803: syn. Lacuna vincta (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo virens Anton, 1839: syn. Turbo castanea Gmelin, 1791- Turbo viridana Röding, 1798: syn. Lunella coronata (Gmelin, 1791)- Turbo viridicallus (Jousseaume, 1898): syn. Lunella viridicallus (Jousseaume, 1898)- Turbo vitreus Montagu, 1803: syn. Hyala vitrea (Montagu, 1803)- Turbo vittatus Donovan, 1804: syn. Cingula trifasciata (J. Adams, 1800)- Turbo zebra Wood, 1828: syn. Echinolittorina peruviana (Lamarck, 1822)- Turbo zebra Donovan, 1825: syn. Littoraria zebra (Donovan, 1825)- Turbo zetlandicus Montagu, 1815: syn. Alvinia zetlandica Montagu, 1815
Tập tin:Turbo_necnivosus_003.jpg|nhỏ| Vỏ và nắp của Turbo tuberculosus
Các loài sau đây là nomina nuda (tên không được công bố kèm mô tả đầy đủ):- Turbo curvatus Chiereghini MS, Brusina, 1870 (nomen nudum): được chấp nhận là Eulima philippii Weinkauff, 1868
Các loài sau đây là đại diện thay thế:- Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1843 đại diện là Turbo setosus Gmelin, 1791 (đại diện thay thế)
Các loài sau đây là nomina dubia (tên chưa biết hoặc nghi ngờ):- Turbo articulatus Reeve, 1848 (nomen dubium)- Turbo concinnus Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium)- Turbo crellenus Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium)- Turbo disjunctus Anton, 1838 (nomen dubium)- Turbo elegans Philippi, 1846 (nomen dubium)- Turbo margaritaceus Linnaeus, 1758 (nomen dubium)- Turbo pustulatus Brocchi, 1821 (nomen dubium)- Turbo variabilis Reeve, 1842 (nomen dubium)
Tên tạm thời:- † Turbo genulatus Brocchi, 1814
Các loài sau đây là species inquirenda (tên có giá trị không chắc chắn hoặc còn tranh cãi):- Turbo regenfusii Deshayes, 1843

**Chú thích**

**Tham khảo**
 Alf A., Kreipl K. & Poppe G. T. (2003) The Family Turbinidae, Subfamily Turbininae, Genus Turbo. In: Poppe G. T. & Groh K. (eds.): A Conchological Iconography: 68 pp., 95 colour plates, ConchBooks, Hackenheim, 3-925919-27-9.- Williams, S.T. (2007). Origins and diversification of Indo-West Pacific marine fauna: evolutionary history and biogeography of turban shells (Gastropoda, Turbinidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 92, 573–592.- Williams S. (2008) The calcareous operculum as a character for defining subgenera in the marine gastropod genus Turbo. Vita Malacologica 7: 1-13. 16 December 2008
 
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