Công đức

Tập tin:Chùa Linh Phước (thùng công đức).jpg|300px|nhỏ|phải|Thùng công đức tại chùa Linh Phước (chùa ve chai) ở Đà Lạt
Tập tin:Chùa Long Thạnh năm 2022 (Thùng công đức viền đỏ) (11).jpg|300px|nhỏ|phải|Thùng công đức tại chùa Long Thạnh ở Bình Tân
Công đức (tiếng Phạn: Puṇyap=86; tiếng Pali: Puññapp=5870, 5873) là một khái niệm được xem là nền tảng của đạo đức Phật giáo1980bp=409 chỉ về công phu trì giới định tâmp=461, thanh lọc tạp niệm, phát huy tuệ giác, khai tâm mở trí để thấu rõ lẽ thật, chứng ngộ chân lýp=44 được tích lũy nhờ những hành động đúng đắn và suy nghĩ chân chánh. Công đức không chỉ là một khái niệm mà còn là một cách sống.p=109 Làm công quả rất quan trọng đối với việc thực hành Phật giáo, công đức mang lại kết quả chân thiện, hướng đến sự tái sinh và dự phần vào sự trưởng thành hướng tới sự giác ngộ, gọi là công quả. Công đức còn được chia sẻ với người thân đã khuất, nhằm giúp người đã khuất trong kiếp sống mới vốn là một khái niệm về tái sinh và người ta tin rằng cuộc sống trên cõi giới được quyết định từ công đức tích lũy trong kiếp trướcpp=457–8. Làm công quả vẫn là điều cần thiết ở các quốc gia theo truyền thống Phật giáo và đã có tác động đáng kể đến nền kinh tế nông thôn ở các nước này. Công đức gắn liền với các khái niệm về sự thanh tịnh và lòng từ bi. Trước Phật giáo, công đức được sử dụng chỉ về thờ cúng tổ tiên, nhưng trong Phật giáo thì mang ý nghĩa đạo đức tổng quát hơn.
Công đức có được từ những việc làm tốt (phước đức) đã làm đã tích luỹ (tu nhân tích đức). Công đức có thể đạt được bằng nhiều cách, chẳng hạn như bố thí, đức hạnh (Śīla) và tu tập tinh tấn (Bhavana). Trong các xã hội Phật giáo, rất nhiều thực hành liên quan đến việc tạo dựng công đức (công đức vô lượng) đã phát triển qua nhiều thế kỷ2003. Công đức đã trở thành một phần của lễ nghi, thực hành Phật pháp, và Văn hóa Phật giáo. Trong xã hội hiện đại, việc làm công đã bị chỉ trích là Chủ nghĩa duy vật tâm linh, nhưng việc cúng dường, phóng sinh vẫn còn phổ biến ở nhiều xã hội Phật giáo. Một số học giả đã chỉ trích các khái niệm công đức và nghiệp báo là vô đạo đức, ích kỷ và tính toán, vì bản chất định lượng của nó và nhấn mạnh vào lợi ích cá nhân trong việc tuân thủ đạo đức.pp=105–7 Các học giả khác đã chỉ ra rằng trong đạo đức Phật giáo, tính ích kỷ và lòng vị tha có thể không được tách biệt hoàn toàn như trong tư tưởng phương Tây, lợi ích cá nhân sẽ trở nên không còn quan trọng một khi hành giả tiến bộ trên con đường tâm linh.

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*Citation|editor1-last=Holt|editor1-first=John Clifford|editor2-last=Kinnard|editor2-first=Jacob N.|editor3-last=Walters|editor3-first=Jonathan S.|encyclopedia=Constituting communities Theravada Buddhism and the religious cultures of South and Southeast Asia|first=Jonathan S.|year=2003|last=Walters|title=Communal Karma and Karmic Community in Theravada Buddhist History|publisher=State University of New York Press|location=Albany|isbn=978-0-7914-5691-0|url=http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/constituting_communities_-_theravada_buddhism_and_the_religious_cultures_of_south_and_southeast_asia.pdf|access-date=15 October 2016|archive-date=14 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200414082807/http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/constituting_communities_-_theravada_buddhism_and_the_religious_cultures_of_south_and_southeast_asia.pdf|url-status=dead- Citation|last=Williams|first=Paul|title=Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations|url=http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/mahayana_buddhism_-_the_doctrinal_foundations_second_edition.pdf|year=2008|edition=2|publisher=Taylor & Francis e-Library.|isbn=978-0-203-42847-4|access-date=30 September 2016|archive-date=5 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180605160901/http://www.khamkoo.com/uploads/9/0/0/4/9004485/mahayana_buddhism_-_the_doctrinal_foundations_second_edition.pdf|url-status=dead-  Field research study on how merit-making practices benefit disabled people in a traditional Buddhist country

**Liên kết ngoài**
  Ten ways of making merit by Mahinda Wijesinghe and Ven. Ñāṇadassana  Archived Version-  What are the benefits of making merit? by Luang Por Dattajivo, DMC.tv-  Merit: A Study Guide by Thanissaro Bhikkhu, Access to Insight (Legacy Edition) 30 November 2013.-  Merit: Does Happiness Need to Be Earned? by Dr. Alexander Berzin, Study Buddhism-  May All Beings Be Happy by Sharon Salzberg, Beliefnet
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