Bản mẫu:Tài liệu chú thích Harvard

The Harv family of templates are used for creating short-cites (or "short citations"), typically used as in-line citations, that link to the full citation (with the full bibliographic details) for a source. This enables a source to be cited multiple times, with each short-cite having an in-source specification (such as a page number) and any other details or comments pertinent to that specific instance. This functionality eliminates the need for replicating notes with "named-refs" (the "
In the references section (or in an earlier footnote):
 chú thích sách hoặc chú thích tạp chí, etc | ref=harv | ... other appropriate parameters ... 
hoặc
 chú thích | ... other appropriate parameters ...  (harv is not required when using chú thích).

**Các tham số**
Up to four authors can be given as parameters. (If there are more than four authors only the first four should be listed. Xem § Số lượng lớn của các tác giả, dưới đây.) The last required parameter is the year of publication.
(All these examples have links which operate. Click on highlighted text.)
The optional parameters p, pp and loc can be used to indicate the location in the source. All of the Harvard citation templates use the same parameters to indicate page numbers or other locations in the text. For single pages, use p; and for multiple pages (such as ranges), use pp. Use of p for multiple pages or pp for single pages can cause cite errors.
The optional parameter ref is used to specify the reference value that links the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary and it is more common to use sfnRef hoặc harvid in the reference section. If you specify none no hyperlink is created. Note that, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply not use the template. (Not available in sfn and similar templates.)

**Bí danh**
Các tham số page pages và Ref tồn tại là bí danh cho p pp và ref tương ứng.

**Bản mẫu chú thích tác giả-ngày**
There are several templates used to create in-text citations; they differ in the use and placement of parenthesis, in the separator before the page or location and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
Các chú thích đầy đủ có thể được tạo bằng tay hoặc bằng bản mẫu:- Bản mẫu - chú thích
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of sfnm and harvs; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.

**Ứng dụng trong phần thân bài viết**

**Chú thích Harvard: harv**
Template harv creates a parenthetical reference with a link to the full citation in the references section at the bottom of the article.

**Ghi chú cuối trang rút gọn: sfn hoặc harvnb**
Template harvnb inside a o span can be used to create a  that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template sfn (without the use of o) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.

**Thuộc tính trong văn bản: harvtxt**
Bản mẫu harvtxt có thể được sử dụng để liên kết một thuộc tính trong văn bản để chú thích đầy đủ ở cuối trang.

**Chú thích cả bộ: harvnb hoặc sfnm**
Bản mẫu harvnb có thể được sử dụng để chú thích cả bộ. sfnm cũng tạo ra chú thích cả bộ.
Note that sfn is inappropriate for bundled citations; use harvnb hoặc sfnm.

**Chú thích Harvard kỳ lạ hơn harvid hoặc harvs**
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the harvs template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom tham sốtên liên kết.
Một số bài viết sử dụng thành ngữ này id | link name . Xem ghi chú về chi tiết thực hiện dưới đây.

**Các biến thể**

**Sử dụng định dạng dấu hai chấm: harvcol, harvcolnb, harvcoltxt**
Bản mẫu harvcol, harvcolnb, harvcoltxt sử dụng một dấu hai chấm để chỉ ra số trang hoặc vị trí.

**Dấu ngoặc đơn xung quanh năm: sfnp và harvp**
Bản mẫu sfnp đặt dấu ngoặc đơn xung quanh năm. So sánh hai ví dụ.
Similarly, in order to mimic  citations, template harvp puts parenthesis around the year.

**Nhận xét bổ sung hoặc dấu ngoặc kép: ps**
Parameter ps can be used to add quotes or additional comments. Note that this effect can also be achieved using harvnb, if done as shown in the last example. The postscript is only effective the first time sfn is used for a particular author, year and location.
 two or more sfn templates with same authors, same year, same page, but different ps will result in a  message.  This message happens because the reference names that sfn creates will be the same but the content between the o tag and the c tag will be different.  A work-around is to convert one or some of the sfn templates to harvnb wrapped in ref tags.

**Không có thời gian đóng cửa: none**
Using none in sfn removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with Citation style 2, as produced by chú thích, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) in notes. The postscript is only effective the first time sfn is used for a particular author, year and location.  will also suppress terminal punctuation. Follow-on editors who encounter 'empty' parameters can't know if a previous editor intended to leave that parameter blank. Using the keyword none is a positive indication of the previous editor's intent.

**Thêm một URL cho trang hoặc vị trí**
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a URL can be added to the location or page number.

**Chỉnh sửa tương ứng với phần Tham khảo cần thiết**
The Harvard citation templates used in the body of the article contain links.  These links can find anchors in the references section, provided the anchors are included within ,  or similar templates. To make the anchor, parameter harv must be set. This is not necessary for chú thích, but is normally necessary for the others.

**Các vấn đề có thể xảy ra**

**Liên kết wiki về chú thích không có tác phẩm**
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted wikilink from a Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
# The correct citation does not appear at the bottom of the article. Solution: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with citation not found.
# The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
## The Harvard citation uses a template (such as sfn hoặc harv):
### The citation uses a template from the list at Chú thích kiểu 1:
#### The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than the citation. Solution: check the source for the correct spelling.
#### The year is different here than the citation. Solution: check the source for the correct year.
#### The citation template requires harv (not needed for chú thích, but is needed for most other Chú thích kiểu 1 templates). Solution: Add harv.
#### The template has a date field and no year field, but the format of the date field is unusual. Solution: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add year to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
#### The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors). Solution: check that  is set correctly (see below).
### The citation uses a Citation Style Vancouver template. Solution: check that harvid is set correctly (see below).
### The citation uses a template that does not support ref (See Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors). Solution: An anchor can be created using .
### The citation does not use a template:
#### It has no wikicode to create an anchor. Solution: If  citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the citation with the appropriate  template and set the ref appropriately. Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add  templates and harv templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use wikicite to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
#### Uses a cite span to create an anchor. Solution: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed as with the previous.
#### Uses wikicite. Solution: Check that  matches.
## If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as 
### The citation uses a citation template which supports ref (See Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors). Solution: Check that ref is set to a matching id.
### Otherwise, check that the reference has idcitation with a matching id.
Templates that have broken wikilinks using these templates are added to the category All articles with broken links to citations.

**Nhiều hơn một tác phẩm trong một năm**
Where there is a need to cite more than one work by the same author published in the same year, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the sfn template (e.g. 2006a and 2006b).

**Bản mẫu sử dụng Mô đun:Citation/CS1**
When sfn is used with Chú thích hoặc  templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to date for all accepted date formats except year initial numeric (YYYY-MM-DD). It is not necessary to include both year and date. If both are included, year is used for the CITEREF anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
2013a: simple year only dates
Tháng 1 năm 2013b hoặc Mùa đông 2013b: month or season and year dates
9 tháng 11 năm 2013b hoặc 9 tháng 11 năm 2013b: full dates
Tháng 6–Tháng 7 năm 2013c hoặc Mùa đông–Mùa xuân 2013c: month or season ranges and year dates
c. 2013d: circa year dates
 hoặc : year ranges
n.d.e: no date (n.d.)
2013x-11-09: not supported, the template must use 2013x

**Nhiều hơn một tác giả có cùng tên họ**
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both Richard Bushman and Claudia Lauper Bushman published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one is given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".

**Số lượng lớn của các tác giả**
Only the first four authors are required by the template. Listing more is not supported. It is also possible to use the  in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.

**Không có tên tác giả trong bản mẫu chú thích**
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in Wikipedia or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations to works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
# For a newspaper or periodical you may use the name of the paper and the date.
# For a publication by an institution, use either:
## The initials of the institution
## The name of the institution
# Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
# Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using  in the citation template can handle these cases.

**Chú thích có date và không có year**
Either the year hoặc date of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both date and year parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. If only the year is known the year field must be used in the citation for the link to work correctly (i.e. 2005 may not work correctly). These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.

**Bản mẫu chú thích không hỗ trợ harv**
The  family of templates use parameter harvid to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.

**Định dạng chú thích không hỗ trợ các neo: wikicite**
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the ref parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use wikicite to make the anchor. (As of November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad links. It is always possible to simply remove harv hoặc sfn.
It is also possible to use o to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with HTML 5.

**Chú thích có nhiều tác giả và không có ngày**
The templates assume that the last field is the year. Where there are multiple authors and no year the template will form a correct link but will display the last author as if it were a year.  To force the displayed text to show all authors as name, the following work around may be used:

**Kiểu đề xuất**
The recommended Harvard referencing style potentially uses all four templates. Each automatically generates a hypertext link based on the name(s) and date. Here is an example
In short:
# For a single work with no author in the text (the most common case), use Harv.
# For a single work with the author named in the text, use Harvtxt.
# For multiple works at the same point, use explicit parentheses and Harvnb separated by semicolons.
# For anything more complicated use Harvs.

**Ghi chú thực hiện**
These templates use two elements: a wikilink in the body of the article, and an anchor in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.

**Neo sắt bản mẫu chú thích**
The most common citation templates are  hoặc . If harv is set, then Mô đun:Citation/CS1 and Chú thích/nhân create an anchor params=name="CITEREF" followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:- last hoặc last1 hoặc surname hoặc surname1 hoặc author hoặc author1 hoặc authors,- last2 hoặc surname2 hoặc author2,- last3 hoặc surname3 hoặc author3,- last4 hoặc surname4 hoặc author4,- editor-last hoặc editor-surname hoặc editor1-last hoặc editor1-surname hoặc editor hoặc editors,- editor2-last hoặc editor2-surname,- editor3-last hoặc editor3-surname,- editor4-last hoặc editor4-surname,- year.
Template chú thích sets harv as the default.
This covers the most common templates. Information about all the templates is available at Wikipedia:Citation templates and reference anchors.
Use of the date parameter in place of the year parameter in citation templates is preferred when full dates are known.

**Liên kết wiki chú thích Harvard**
The Harvard citation templates create a wikilink to the anchor. For example 4=p=25 produces the link #CITEREFSmith2006 and 5=title=My Life produces the anchor CITEREFSmith2006.

**Sử dụng trực tiếp CITEREF**
A few articles create a custom ID using CITEREF, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g. ) or as a value for ref in the citation template.
Ví dụ:
Where cite_name is a name such as the publisher.

**Tên tham khảo của sfn**
Template sfn creates a named footnote, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with FOOTNOTE followed by a concatenation of the arguments to sfn. E.g.: this template call 4=p=26 should have exactly the same functionality as  which, in turn, has the same functionality as content=.
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g. , which, once defined, can be called by tag|ref|empty|params=name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903httpsarchiveorgdetailsaconcisehistory00joycgoogpagen226 213". The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
The call to harvnb has been subst'ed for quicker load times.
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