สไปโรไจรา

สไปโรไจรา เป็นสาหร่ายสีเขียวคล้ายเส้นด้ายสกุลหนึ่งในอันดับ Zygnematales ได้ชื่อตามการเรียงตัวของคลอโรพลาสต์เป็นเกลียว อันเป็นลักษณะประจำสกุล มักพบในน้ำจืด และมีสไปโรไจรากว่า 400 สปีชีส์ทั่วโลก สไปโรไจรามีความกว้างได้ 10 ถึง 100 ไมโครเมตร และอาจยืดได้ถึงหนึ่งเซนติเมตร

**ชนิด**
รายการข้างล่างคือชนิดที่ได้รับการรับรอง สำหรับรายการที่ได้รับการยอมรับในปัจจุบัน ซึ่งครอบคลุมและเป็นปัจจุบันมากขึ้น ดูในหน้า  AlgaeBase หรือ  WoRMS- Spirogyra abbreviata Zheng- Spirogyra acanthophora (Skuja) Czurda- Spirogyra acumbentis Vodenicarov- Spirogyra adjerensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra adnata (Vaucher) Kützing- Spirogyra adornata Ling- Spirogyra aequinoctialis G.S.West- Spirogyra affinis (Hassall) Petit- Spirogyra africana (F.E.Fritsch) Czurda- Spirogyra ahmedabadensis Kamat- Spirogyra alpina Kützing- Spirogyra alternata Kützing- Spirogyra amplectens Skuja- Spirogyra ampliata L.Liu- Spirogyra anchora Skuja- Spirogyra angolensis Welwitsch- Spirogyra angulata Nipkow- Spirogyra anomala Bhashyakarla Rao- Spirogyra anzygoapora Singh- Spirogyra aphanosculpta Skuja- Spirogyra aplanospora Randhawa- Spirogyra arcta (C.Agardh) Endlichter- Spirogyra arcuata Liu- Spirogyra areolata Lagerheim- Spirogyra arizonensis Rickert & Hoshaw- Spirogyra arthuri Woodhead & Tweed- Spirogyra articulata Transeau- Spirogyra asiatica Czurda- Spirogyra atasiana Czurda- Spirogyra atrobrunnea Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra aubvillei Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra australica Czurda- Spirogyra australiensis K.Möbius- Spirogyra austriaca Czurda- Spirogyra azygospora Singh- Spirogyra baileyi Schmidle- Spirogyra batekiana Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra bellis (Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan- Spirogyra bicalyptrata Czurda- Spirogyra bichromatophora (Randhawa) Transeau- Spirogyra biformis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra biharensis A.M.Verma & B.Kumari- Spirogyra bii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra bireticulata Liu- Spirogyra borealis Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra borgeana Transeau- Spirogyra borgei Kadlubowska- Spirogyra borkuense Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra borysthenica Kasanowsky & Smirnoff Smirnov- Spirogyra bourrellyana Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra braziliensis (Nordstedt) Transeau- Spirogyra britannica Godward- Spirogyra brunnea Czurda- Spirogyra buchetii Petit- Spirogyra bullata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra calcarea Transeau- Spirogyra calchaquiesiae B.Tracanna- Spirogyra californica Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath- Spirogyra calospora Cleve- Spirogyra canaliculata Segar- Spirogyra cardinia S.H.Lewis- Spirogyra caroliniana G.E.Dillard- Spirogyra castanacea G.C.Couch- Spirogyra cataeniformis (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra catenaeformis (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra cavata Vodenicarov- Spirogyra chakiaensis (Bhashyakarla Rao) Kreiger- Spirogyra chandigarhensis- Spirogyra chekiangensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra chenii C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra chungkingensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra chuniae C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra circumlineata Transeau- Spirogyra clavata Segar- Spirogyra cleveana Transeau- Spirogyra colligata Hodgetts- Spirogyra columbiana Czurda- Spirogyra communis (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra condensata (Vaucher) Dumortier- Spirogyra congolensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra conspicua Gay- Spirogyra convoluta- Spirogyra corrugata Woodhead & Tweed- Spirogyra costata Kadlubowska- Spirogyra costulata Kadlubowska- Spirogyra coumbiana Czurda- Spirogyra crassa (Kützing) Kützing- Spirogyra crassispina C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra crassiuscula (Wittrock & Nordstedt) Transeau- Spirogyra crassivallicularis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra crassoidea (Transeau) Transeau- Spirogyra crenulata Singh- Spirogyra croasdaleae Blum- Spirogyra cyanosporum- Spirogyra cylindrica Czurda- Spirogyra cylindrosperma (West & G.S.West) Krieger- Spirogyra cylindrospora West & G.S.West- Spirogyra czubinskii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra czurdae Misra- Spirogyra czurdiana Kadlubowska- Spirogyra dacimina (O.F.Müller) Kützing- Spirogyra daedalea Lagerheim- Spirogyra daedaleoides Czurda- Spirogyra danica Kadlubowska- Spirogyra decimina (O.F.Müller) Dumortier- Spirogyra densa Kützing- Spirogyra denticulata Transeau- Spirogyra dentireticulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra desikacharyensis Rattan- Spirogyra dialyderma Ling & Zheng- Spirogyra dicephala C.-C.Jao & H.Z.Zhu- Spirogyra dictyospora C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra diluta H.C.Wood- Spirogyra dimorpha Geitler- Spirogyra discoidea Transeau- Spirogyra distenta Transeau- Spirogyra diversizygotica (V.I.Polyanskij) L.A.Rundina- Spirogyra djalonensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra djiliense Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra dodgeana- Spirogyra drilonensis Petkoff- Spirogyra dubia Kützing- Spirogyra echinata Tiffany- Spirogyra echinospora Blum- Spirogyra eillipsospora Transeau- Spirogyra elegans Wollny- Spirogyra elegantissima Y.J.Ling & Y.M.Zheng- Spirogyra ellipsospora Transeau- Spirogyra elliptica C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra elongata (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood- Spirogyra elongata (Vaucher) Dumortier- Spirogyra emilianensis Bonhomme- Spirogyra endogranulata O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra exilis West & G.S.West- Spirogyra fallax (Hansgirg) Wille- Spirogyra fassula Zheng- Spirogyra favosa Y.-X.Wei & Y.-K.Yung- Spirogyra fennica Cedercreutz- Spirogyra ferruginea H.W.Liang- Spirogyra flavescens (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra flavicans Kützing- Spirogyra fluviatilis Hilse- Spirogyra formosa (Transeau) Czurda- Spirogyra fossa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra fossulata C.-C.Jao & Hu- Spirogyra foveolata (Transeau) Czurda- Spirogyra franconica O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra frankliniana Tiffany- Spirogyra frigida F.Gay- Spirogyra fritschiana Czurda- Spirogyra fukienica Wei- Spirogyra fuzhouensis H.-J.Hu- Spirogyra gallica Petit- Spirogyra gaterslebensis Reith- Spirogyra gauthier-lievrae Kadlubowska- Spirogyra gauthieri Gayral- Spirogyra gharbensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra ghosei Singh- Spirogyra gibberosa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra glabra Czurda- Spirogyra globulispora Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra gobonensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra goetzei Schmidle- Spirogyra gracilis Kützing- Spirogyra granulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra gratiana Transeau- Spirogyra groenlandica Rosenvinge- Spirogyra guangchowensis Zhu & Zhong- Spirogyra guineense Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra gujaratensis Kamat- Spirogyra gurdaspurensis Rattan- Spirogyra haimenensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra hartigii (Kützing) De Toni- Spirogyra hassalii (Jenner) Petit- Spirogyra hassallii (Jenner ex Hassall) P.Crouan & H.Crouan- Spirogyra hatillensis Transeau- Spirogyra heeriana Nägeli ex Kützing- Spirogyra henanensis (L.J.Bi) L.J.Bi- Spirogyra herbipolensis O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra heterospora Liu- Spirogyra hoehnei O.Borge- Spirogyra hoggarica (Gauthier-Lièvre) Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra hollandiae Taft- Spirogyra hopeiensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra hunanensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra hungarica Langer- Spirogyra hyalina Cleve- Spirogyra hymerae Britton & B.H.Smith- Spirogyra inconstans Collins- Spirogyra incrassata Czurda- Spirogyra indica Krieger- Spirogyra inflata (Vaucher) Dumortier- Spirogyra insignis (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra insueta Zhu & Zhong- Spirogyra intermedia Rabenhorst- Spirogyra intorta C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra ionia Wade- Spirogyra irregularis Nägeli ex Kützing- Spirogyra ivorensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra iyengarii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra jaoensis Randhawa- Spirogyra jaoi S.H.Ley- Spirogyra jassiensis (Teodoresco) Czurda- Spirogyra jatobae Transeau- Spirogyra jogensis Iyengar- Spirogyra jugalis (Dillwyn) Kützing- Spirogyra juliana Stancheva, J.D.Hall, McCourt & Sheath- Spirogyra kaffirita Transeau- Spirogyra kamatii Kamat- Spirogyra karnalae Randhawa- Spirogyra kolae Hajdu- Spirogyra koreana J.-H.Kim, Y.H.Kim, & I.K.Lee- Spirogyra krubergii V.J.Poljanski- Spirogyra kundaensis Singh- Spirogyra kuusamoensis Hirn- Spirogyra labbei Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra labyrinthica Transeau- Spirogyra lacustris Czurda- Spirogyra lagerheimii Wittrock- Spirogyra laka Kützing- Spirogyra lallandiae Taft- Spirogyra lambertiana Transeau- Spirogyra lamellata (Bhashyakarla Rao) Krieger- Spirogyra lamellosa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra lapponica Lagerheim- Spirogyra latireticulata Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra latviensis Czurda- Spirogyra laxa Kützing- Spirogyra laxistrata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra lenticularis Transeau- Spirogyra lentiformis L.J.Bi- Spirogyra lians Transeau- Spirogyra libyca Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra lismorensis Playfair- Spirogyra lodziensis Kadlubowska- Spirogyra longifissa Wei- Spirogyra lubrica Kützing- Spirogyra lucknowensis (Prasad & Dutta) Kadlubowska- Spirogyra lushanensis L.C.Li- Spirogyra luteospora Czurda- Spirogyra lutetiana Petit- Spirogyra lymerae Britton & Smith- Spirogyra macrospora (C.B.Rao) Krieger- Spirogyra maghrebiana Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra major Kützing- Spirogyra majuscula Kützing- Spirogyra malmeana Hirn- Spirogyra manormae Randhawa- Spirogyra maravillosa Transeau- Spirogyra marchica H.Krieger- Spirogyra margalefii Aboal & Llimona- Spirogyra margaritata Wollny- Spirogyra marocana Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra maxima (Hassall) Wittrock- Spirogyra megaspora Transeau- Spirogyra meinningensis- Spirogyra meridionalis W.J.Zhu & Zhong- Spirogyra miamiana Taft- Spirogyra microdictyon C.-C.Jao & Hu- Spirogyra microgranulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra micropunctata Transeau- Spirogyra microspora C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra mienningensis L.-C.Li- Spirogyra minor (Schmidle) Transeau- Spirogyra minuticrassoidea Yamagishi- Spirogyra minutifossa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra mirabilis (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra miranda Kadlubowska- Spirogyra mirifica Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra mithalaensis A.M.Verma & B.Kumari- Spirogyra moebii Transeau- Spirogyra monodiana Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra montserrati Margalef- Spirogyra multiconjugata N.C.Ferrer & E.J.Cáceres- Spirogyra multiformis Kadlubowska- Spirogyra multistrata Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra multitrata Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra mutabilis C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu- Spirogyra narcissiana Transeau- Spirogyra natchita Transeau- Spirogyra nawaschinii Kasanowsky- Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra neorhizobranchialis C.-C.Jao & Zheng- Spirogyra nitida (O.F.Müller) Leiblein- Spirogyra nodifera O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra notabilis Taft- Spirogyra nova-angliae Transeau- Spirogyra novae-angliae Transeau- Spirogyra nyctigama Taft- Spirogyra oblata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra oblonga Liu- Spirogyra obovata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra occidentalis (Transeau) Czurda- Spirogyra oligocarpa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra olivascens Rabenhorst- Spirogyra ollicola C.-C.Jao & Zhong- Spirogyra oltmannsii Huber-Pestalozzi- Spirogyra orientalis West & G.S.West- Spirogyra orthospira Nägeli- Spirogyra ouarsenica Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra oudhensis Randhawa- Spirogyra ovigera Montagne- Spirogyra pachyderma Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra palghatensis Erady- Spirogyra paludosa Czurda- Spirogyra papulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra paradoxa Bhashyakarla Rao- Spirogyra paraguayensis O.Borge- Spirogyra parva (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra parvispora H.C.Wood- Spirogyra parvula (Transeau) Czurda- Spirogyra pascheriana Czurda- Spirogyra patliputri A.M.Verma & B.Kumari- Spirogyra peipeingensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra pellucida (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra perforans Transeau- Spirogyra plena (West & G.S.West) Czurda- Spirogyra poljanskii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra polymorpha Kirchner- Spirogyra polytaeniata Strasburger- Spirogyra porangabae Transeau- Spirogyra porticalis (O.F.Müller) Dumortier- type- Spirogyra pratensis Transeau- Spirogyra princeps (Vaucher) Link ex Meyen- Spirogyra proavita Langer- Spirogyra prolifica Kamat- Spirogyra propria Transeau- Spirogyra protecta H.C.Wood- Spirogyra pseudoaedaloides Kadlubowska- Spirogyra pseudobellis W.J.Zhu & Zhong- Spirogyra pseudocorrugata Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra pseudocylindrica Prescott- Spirogyra pseudogibberosa Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra pseudogranulata S.-H.Ley- Spirogyra pseudojuergensii H.Silva- Spirogyra pseudomaiuscula Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra pseudomajuscula Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra pseudomaxima Kadlubowska- Spirogyra pseudoneglecta Czurda- Spirogyra pseudonodifera O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra pseudoplena Liu- Spirogyra pseudopulchrata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra pseudoreticulata Kreiger- Spirogyra pseudorhizopus L.J.Bi- Spirogyra pseudosahnii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra pseudospreeiana C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra pseudosubreticulata Rickert & Hoshaw- Spirogyra pseudotenuissima O.Bock & W.Bock- Spirogyra pseudotetrapla Kadlubowska- Spirogyra pseudotexensis Bourrelly- Spirogyra pseudovarians Czurda- Spirogyra pseudovenusta Liu & Wei- Spirogyra pseudowoodii V.J.Poljanski- Spirogyra pulchella (H.C.Wood) H.C.Wood- Spirogyra pulchra Alexenko- Spirogyra pulchrifigurata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra puncticulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra punctulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra quadrata (Hassall) P.Petit- Spirogyra quadrilaminata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra quezelii Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra quilonensis Kothari- Spirogyra quinina Kützing- Spirogyra quinquilaminata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra randhawae Krieger- Spirogyra rattanii Kadlubowska- Spirogyra rectangularis Transeau- Spirogyra rectispira Merriman- Spirogyra regularis (Cedercreutz) Krieger- Spirogyra reinhardii V.Chmielevsky- Spirogyra reticulata Nordstedt- Spirogyra reticulatum Randhawa- Spirogyra reticuliana Randhawa- Spirogyra rhizobrachialis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra rhizobranchialis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra rhizoides Randhawa- Spirogyra rhizopus C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra rhodopea Petkoff- Spirogyra rivularis (Hassall) Rabenhorst- Spirogyra robusta (Nygaard) Czurda- Spirogyra rugosa (Transeau) Czurda- Spirogyra rugulosa Iwanoff- Spirogyra rupestris Schmidle- Spirogyra sahnii Randhawa- Spirogyra salina Aleem- Spirogyra sanjingensis Y.Wang & Z.Wang- Spirogyra sarmae M.Singh & M.Srivastava- Spirogyra schmidtii West & G.S.West- Spirogyra schweickerdtii Cholonky- Spirogyra scripta Nygaard- Spirogyra scrobiculata (Stockmayer) Czurda- Spirogyra sculpta Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra semiornata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra senegalensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra setiformis (Roth) Martens ex Meneghini- Spirogyra shantungensis L.-C.Li- Spirogyra shanxiensis Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra shenzaensis Zheng- Spirogyra siamensis Transeau- Spirogyra siberica Skvortzov- Spirogyra silesiaca Kadlubowska- Spirogyra sinensis L.-C.Li- Spirogyra singularis Nordstedt- Spirogyra skujae Randhawa- Spirogyra skvortzowii Willi Kreiger- Spirogyra smithii Transeau- Spirogyra speciosa Liu- Spirogyra sphaerica (Misra) Willi Krieger- Spirogyra sphaerocarpa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra sphaerospora Hirn- Spirogyra spinescens Kirjakov- Spirogyra splendida G.S West- Spirogyra spreeiana Rabenhorst- Spirogyra subaffinis F.E.Fritsch & M.F.Rich- Spirogyra subbullata Kadlubowska- Spirogyra subcolligata L.J.Bi- Spirogyra subcrassa Woronchin- Spirogyra subcrassiuscula L.J.Bi- Spirogyra subcylindrospora C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subechinata Godward- Spirogyra subfossulata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subglabra Zheng & Ling- Spirogyra sublambertiana Zhao- Spirogyra subluteospora C.-C.Jao & Hu- Spirogyra submajuscula Ling & Zheng- Spirogyra submargaritata Godward- Spirogyra submarina (Collins) Transeau- Spirogyra submaxima Transeau- Spirogyra subobovata Chian- Spirogyra subpapulatata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subpellucida C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subpolytaeniata C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subpratensis Woronichin- Spirogyra subreflexa Liang & Wang- Spirogyra subreticulata F.E.Fritsch- Spirogyra subsalina Cedercreutz- Spirogyra subsalsa Kützing- Spirogyra subsalso-punctatulata Kadlubowska- Spirogyra subtropica Chian- Spirogyra suburbana C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra subvelata Kreiger- Spirogyra sulcata Blum- Spirogyra sundanensis Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra superba L.Liu- Spirogyra supervarians Transeau- Spirogyra szechwanensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra taftiana Transeau- Spirogyra taiyuanensis Ling- Spirogyra tandae Randhawa- Spirogyra taylorii C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra tenuior (Transeau) Krieger- Spirogyra tenuispina Rundina- Spirogyra tenuissima (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra teodoresci Transeau- Spirogyra ternata Ripart- Spirogyra tetrapla Transeau- Spirogyra tibetensis C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra tjibodensis Faber- Spirogyra tolosana Comère- Spirogyra torta Blum- Spirogyra trachycarpa Skuja- Spirogyra transeauiana C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra triplicata (Collins) Transeau- Spirogyra trochainii Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra tropica Kützing- Spirogyra tsingtaoensis L.-C.Li- Spirogyra tuberculata Lagerheim- Spirogyra tuberculosa Liang & Wang- Spirogyra tucumaniae B.Tracanna- Spirogyra tumida C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra turfosa F.Gay- Spirogyra tuwensis R.J.Patel & C.K.Asok Kumar- Spirogyra ugandense Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra unduliseptum Randhawa- Spirogyra urbana C.-C.Jao & Zhong- Spirogyra van-zantenii Cholonky- Spirogyra variabilis C.-C.Jao & Hu- Spirogyra varians (Hassall) Kützing- Spirogyra variaspora Rickert & Hoshaw- Spirogyra variformis Transeau- Spirogyra varshaii Prasad & Dutta- Spirogyra vasishtii Rattan- Spirogyra velata Nordstedt- Spirogyra venkataramanii Rattan- Spirogyra venosa Kadlubowska- Spirogyra venusta C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra vermiculata C.-C.Jao & H.J.Hu- Spirogyra verrucogranulata I.C A.Dias & C.E.de M.Bicudo- Spirogyra verrucosa (C.B.Rao) Krieger- Spirogyra verruculosa C.-C.Jao- Spirogyra voltaica Gauthier-Lièvre- Spirogyra wangii L.C.Li- Spirogyra weberi Kützing- Spirogyra weishuiensis Ling & Zheng- Spirogyra weletischii West & G.S.West- Spirogyra welwitschii West & G.S.West- Spirogyra westii Transeau- Spirogyra willei Skuja- Spirogyra wittrockii Alexenko- Spirogyra wollnyi De Toni- Spirogyra wrightiana Transeau- Spirogyra wuchanensis C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu- Spirogyra wuhanensis C.-C.Jao & H.-J.Hu- Spirogyra xiaoganensis Liu- Spirogyra xinxiangensis L.J.Bi- Spirogyra yexianensis L.J.Bi- Spirogyra yuin S.Skinner & Entwisle- Spirogyra yunnanensis L.-C.Li C

**อ้างอิง**
 John Whitton, B.A. and Brook, A.J. (editors) 2002. The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 0-521-77051-3.
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