สกุลมะแข่น

สกุลมะแข่น หรือ Zanthoxylum  (รวมสกุล Fagara) เป็นสกุลที่มีสมาชิก 250 สปีชีส์ของพืชไม่ผลัดใบในวงศ์ Rutaceae พืชหลายชนิดมีแก่น ผลของพืชในสกุลนี้หลายชนิดเป็นเครื่องเทศเช่น พริกหอม และใช้ปลูกเป็นบอนไซ เปลือกไม้เคยเป็นยาแก้ปวดฟันและรูมาติซึม

**ตัวอย่างสปีชีส์**
Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC. - Andaliman; 刺花椒 (ci hua jiao)
*Zanthoxylum ailanthoides Sieb. & Zucc. - 椿叶花椒 (chun ye hua jiao), 越椒 (yue-jiao), 食茱萸 (shi zhu yu); カラスザンショウkarasu-zanshō.
(syn. Fagara ailanthoides (Sieb. & Zucc.) Engler)
*Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb. - Winged prickly ash.
(cf. syn under Z.armatum)
*Zanthoxylum albuquerquei D.R.Simpson (Peru)
*Zanthoxylum americanum Mill. - Toothache Tree, Northern prickly ash (Eastern and Central United States)
*Zanthoxylum armatum DC. - Bamboo-leaf prickly ash; 竹叶花椒 (zhu ye hua jiao), 竹葉(花)椒(zhu-ye-(hua)-jiao, "bamboo-leaved Z."), 狗椒 (gou-jia  "dog Z."),
(syn. Z. planispinum Sieb. & Zucc.; Z. alatum sensu Forbes & Hemsley, Rehder  & Wilson, non Roxburgh; Z. alatum var. planispinum Rehder & Wilson)
*Zanthoxylum atchoum (Aké Assi) Waterman (Côte d'Ivoire)
*Zanthoxylum beecheyanum
*Zanthoxylum belizense Lundell (Central America)
*Zanthoxylum bifoliolatum Leonard - Maricao prickly ash
*Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum F.Muell. - Thorny Yellowwood (Australia)
*Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. - Northern China peppercorn; 花椒(hua jiao)
*Zanthoxylum buesgenii
*Zanthoxylum capense (Thunb.) Harv.
*Zanthoxylum caribaeum Lam. - Yellow prickly ash
*Zanthoxylum chevalieri Waterman (Ghana)
ไฟล์:Zanthoxylum_clava-herculis2.jpg|thumb|190px|'ผลและใบของ'Zanthoxylum clava-herculis 
*Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. - Hercules club, Southern prickly ash (southeastern United States)
*Zanthoxylum coco Gillies ex Hook. & Arn. - Coco, Smelly Sauco (Argentina, Bolivia)
*Zanthoxylum coreanum Nakai - Korean Lime Tree
*Zanthoxylum coriaceum  - Biscayne prickly ash
*Zanthoxylum davyi Waterman
*Zanthoxylum delagoense Waterman (Mozambique)
*Zanthoxylum deremense (Engl.) Kokwaro (Malawi, Tanzania)
*Zanthoxylum dipetalum H.Mann - Kāwau (Hawaii)
*Zanthoxylum fagara (L.) Sarg. - Lime prickly ash (Neotropics)
*Zanthoxylum ferrugineum J.D.Smith (Central America)
*Zanthoxylum flavum Vahl - West Indian Satinwood (Caribbean)
*Zanthoxylum gentlei Lundell (Belize, Guatemala, Honduras)
*Zanthoxylum harrisii P.Wilson ex Britton (Jamaica)
*Zanthoxylum hartii (Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson (Jamaica)
*Zanthoxylum hawaiiense Hillebr. - Ae, Hawaiii prickly ash (Hawaii)
*Zanthoxylum heterophyllum (Lam.) Smith (Mauritius, Réunion)
*Zanthoxylum hirsutum Buckley - Texas Hercules club
ไฟล์:Zanthoxylum piperitum.jpg|thumb|190px|ผลและเมล็ดของZ. piperitum
*Zanthoxylum holtzianum (Engl.) Waterm. (Tanzania)
*Zanthoxylum humile Waterm.
*Zanthoxylum hyemale A.St.-Hil.
*Zanthoxylum integrifoliolum (Merr.) Merr. (The Philippines, Taiwan)
*Zanthoxylum kauaense A.Gray - Ae, Kauai prickly ash (Hawaii)
*Zanthoxylum leprieurii Guill. & Perr.
*Zanthoxylum limonella Alston - Makhwaen (มะแขว่น)
*Zanthoxylum lindense (Engl.) Kokwaro (Tanzania)
*Zanthoxylum martinicense (Lam.) DC. - White prickly ash
*Zanthoxylum monophyllum (Lam.) P.Wilson - Yellow Prickle
ไฟล์:Zanthoxylum rhetsa bark.JPG|thumb|190px|เปลือกของZ. rhetsa ที่ Pakke Tiger Reserve
*Zanthoxylum nadeaudii Drake (French Polynesia)
*Zanthoxylum negrilense Fawc. & Rendle (Jamaica)
*Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC. - Shining prickly ash; 两面针(liang mian zhen "both side needles")
*Zanthoxylum oahuense Hillebr. - Ae, Oahu Prickly ash (Island of Oahu in Hawaii)
*Zanthoxylum ocumarense (Pittier) Steyerm.
*Zanthoxylum ovatifoliolatum Finkelstein
*Zanthoxylum naranjillo Griseb. - Naranjillo
*Zanthoxylum panamense P.Wilson (Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama)
*Zanthoxylum paniculatum  (Rodrigues)
*Zanthoxylum parvum Shinners - Tickletongue
*Zanthoxylum pinnatum
*Zanthoxylum piperitum (L.) DC. - Japanese Pepper Tree, Japan Pepper, Sanshō; 山椒(サンショウ)sanshō; 초피나무(chopi-namu)
*Zanthoxylum planispinum Siebold & Zucc. → Z. armatum
*Zanthoxylum procerum Donn Sm. (Central America)- Zanthoxylum psammophilum (Aké Assi) Waterman (Côte d'Ivoire)- Zanthoxylum punctatum Vahl - Dotted prickly ash- Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC. - Chirphal, Teppal, Tirphal, Indian Pepper
ไฟล์:Zanthoxylum simulans close.jpg|thumb|190px|Z. simulans ที่ไม่มีใบและมีปมตามเปลือก- Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam.- Zanthoxylum schinifolium Siebold & Zucc. - Mastic-leaved prickly ash; Wild Zanthoxylum; 香椒子 (xiang-jiao-zi "aromatic Z."), 青花椒 (qing-hua-jiao "green Z."); イヌザンショウ (inu-zanshō); 산초나무(山椒__; sancho-namu)
(syn. Fagara mantchurica (J.Benn. ex Daniell) Honda, F. schinifolia (Seib. & Zucc.) Engl.)- Zanthoxylum simulans Hance - Chinese prickly ash, Sichuan pepper, Sichuan Zanthoxylum,  Sichuan peppercorn; 野花椒 (ye hua jiao), 川椒 (chuan-jiao, lit. "Sichuan pepper")(Eastern China, Taiwan)- Zanthoxylum spinifex (Jacq.) DC. - Niaragato- Zanthoxylum thomasianum (Krug & Urb.) P.Wilson - St. Thomas prickly ash (Puerto Rico, British Virgin Islands, United States Virgin Islands)- Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam.) Zepern. & Timler, 1981; Senegal pricky ash

**เคยอยู่ในสกุลนี้**
 Eleutherococcus trifoliatus (L.) S.Y.Hu (as Z. trifoliatum L.)- Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G.Hartley (as Z. roxburghianum Cham.)- Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G.Hartley (as Z. pteleifolium Champ. ex Benth.)

**อ้างอิง**
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