모듈:Citation/CS1

local cs1 ={};
local ISOdate = require('모듈:ISOdate')._ISOdate								-- 로컬: 날짜 변환을 위해 추가
local langdata = mw.loadData('Module:Langname/data')							-- 로컬: 언어 이름 지역화 
local lang_name = langdata.lang_name
------------------------------------------------------------------
local dates, year_date_check, reformat_dates									-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
local is_set, in_array, substitute, error_comment, set_error, select_one,		-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	add_maint_cat, wrap_style, safe_for_italics, remove_wiki_link;
local utilities;																-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local z ={};																	-- table of tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
local extract_ids, build_id_list, is_embargoed;									-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers
local make_coins_title, get_coins_pages, COinS;									-- functions in Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
local cfg = {};																	-- table of configuration tables that are defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration
local whitelist = {};															-- table of tables listing valid template parameter names; defined in Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Locates and returns the first set value in a table of values where the order established in the table,
left-to-right (or top-to-bottom), is the order in which the values are evaluated.  Returns nil if none are set.
This version replaces the original 'for _, val in pairs do' and a similar version that used ipairs.  With the pairs
version the order of evaluation could not be guaranteed.  With the ipairs version, a nil value would terminate
the for-loop before it reached the actual end of the list.
local function first_set (list, count)
	local i = 1;
	while i --------------------------------------------------------
Adds a category to z.properties_cats using names from the configuration file with additional text if any.
local added_prop_cats = {}														-- list of property categories that have been added to z.properties_cats
local function add_prop_cat (key, arguments)
	if not added_prop_cats key then
		added_prop_cats key = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert( z.properties_cats, substitute (cfg.prop_cats key, arguments));		-- make name then add to table
	end
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adds a single Vancouver system error message to the template's output regardless of how many error actually exist.
To prevent duplication, added_vanc_errs is nil until an error message is emitted.
local added_vanc_errs;															-- flag so we only emit one Vancouver error / category
local function add_vanc_error ()
	if not added_vanc_errs then
		added_vanc_errs = true;													-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'vancouver', {}, true ) } );
	end
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
does this thing that purports to be a uri scheme seem to be a valid scheme?  The scheme is checked to see if it
is in agreement with http://tools.ietf.org/html/std66#section-3.1 which says:
	Scheme names consist of a sequence of characters beginning with a
letter and followed by any combination of letters, digits, plus
("+"), period ("."), or hyphen ("-").
returns true if it does, else false
local function is_scheme (scheme)
	return scheme and scheme:match ('^%a%a%d%+%.%-*:');						-- true if scheme is set and matches the pattern
end
--=---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Does this thing that purports to be a domain name seem to be a valid domain name?
Syntax defined here: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1034#section-3.5
BNF defined here: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4234
Single character names are generally reserved; see https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsind-iana-dns-01#page-15;
	see also Single-letter second-level domain
list of tlds: https://www.iana.org/domains/root/db
rfc952 (modified by rfc 1123) requires the first and last character of a hostname to be a letter or a digit.  Between
the first and last characters the name may use letters, digits, and the hyphen.
Also allowed are IPv4 addresses. IPv6 not supported
domain is expected to be stripped of any path so that the last character in the last character of the tld.  tld
is two or more alpha characters.  Any preceding '//' (from splitting a url with a scheme) will be stripped
here.  Perhaps not necessary but retained incase it is necessary for IPv4 dot decimal.
There are several tests:
	the first character of the whole domain name including subdomains must be a letter or a digit
	internationalized domain name (ascii characters with .xn-- ASCII Compatible Encoding (ACE) prefix xn-- in the tld) see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3490
	single-letter/digit second-level domains in the .org TLD
	q, x, and z SL domains in the .com TLD
	i and q SL domains in the .net TLD
	single-letter SL domains in the ccTLDs (where the ccTLD is two letters)
	two-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	three-plus-character SL domains in gTLDs (where the gTLD is two or more letters)
	IPv4 dot-decimal address format; TLD not allowed
returns true if domain appears to be a proper name and tld or IPv4 address, else false
**
local function is_domain_name (domain)
	if not domain then
		return false;															-- if not set, abandon
	end
	
	domain = domain:gsub ('^//', );											-- strip '//' from domain name if present; done here so we only have to do it once
	
	if not domain:match ('^%a%d') then										-- first character must be letter or digit
		return false;
	end
																				-- Do most common case first
	if domain:match ('%f%a%d%a%d%a%d%-+%a%d%.%a%a+$') then				-- three or more character hostname.hostname or hostname.tld
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%a%d%a%d%a%d%-+%a%d%.xn%-%-%a%d+$') then	-- internationalized domain name with ACE prefix
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%a%d%a%d%.org$') then							-- one character .org hostname
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%aqxz%.com$') then								-- assigned one character .com hostname (x.com times out 2015-12-10)
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%aiq%.net$') then								-- assigned one character .net hostname (q.net registered but not active 2015-12-10)
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%a%d%a%d%.%a%a$') then							-- one character hostname and cctld (2 chars)
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('%f%a%d%a%d%a%d%.%a%a+$') then					-- two character hostname and tld
		return true;
	elseif domain:match ('^%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?%.%d%d?%d?') then		-- IPv4 address
		return true;
	else
		return false;
	end
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
returns true if the scheme and domain parts of a url appear to be a valid url; else false.
This function is the last step in the validation process.  This function is separate because there are cases that
are not covered by split_url(), for example is_parameter_ext_wikilink() which is looking for bracketted external
wikilinks.
local function is_url (scheme, domain)
	if is_set (scheme) then														-- if scheme is set check it and domain
		return is_scheme (scheme) and is_domain_name (domain);
	else
		return is_domain_name (domain);											-- scheme not set when url is protocol relative
	end
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Split a url into a scheme, authority indicator, and domain.
First remove Fully Qualified Domain Name terminator (a dot following tld) (if any) and any path(/), query(?) or fragment(#).
If protocol relative url, return nil scheme and domain else return nil for both scheme and domain.
When not protocol relative, get scheme, authority indicator, and domain.  If there is an authority indicator (one
or more '/' characters immediately following the scheme's colon), make sure that there are only 2.
Strip off any port and path;
local function split_url (url_str)
	local scheme, authority, domain;
	
	url_str = url_str:gsub ('(%a%d)%.?/%?#.*$', '%1');						-- strip FQDN terminator and path(/), query(?), fragment (#) (the capture prevents false replacement of '//')
	if url_str:match ('^//%S*') then											-- if there is what appears to be a protocol relative url
		domain = url_str:match ('^//(%S*)')
	elseif url_str:match ('%S-:/*%S+') then										-- if there is what appears to be a scheme, optional authority indicator, and domain name
		scheme, authority, domain = url_str:match ('(%S-:)(/*)(%S+)');			-- extract the scheme, authority indicator, and domain portions
		authority = authority:gsub ('//', , 1);								-- replace place 1 pair of '/' with nothing;
		if is_set(authority) then												-- if anything left (1 or 3+ '/' where authority should be) then
			return scheme;														-- return scheme only making domain nil which will cause an error message
		end
		domain = domain:gsub ('(%a):%d+', '%1');								-- strip port number if present
	end
	
	return scheme, domain;
end
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
checks the content of |title-link=, |series-link=, |author-link= etc for properly formatted content: no wikilinks, no urls
Link parameters are to hold the title of a wikipedia article so none of the WP:TITLESPECIALCHARACTERS are allowed:
	#    | { } _
except the underscore which is used as a space in wiki urls and # which is used for section links
returns false when the value contains any of these characters.
When there are no illegal characters, this function returns TRUE if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url (the
local function link_param_ok (value)
	local scheme, domain;
	if value:find ('%%|{}') then											-- if any prohibited characters
		return false;
	end
	scheme, domain = split_url (value);											-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url; 
	return not is_url (scheme, domain);											-- return true if value DOES NOT appear to be a valid url
end
---link= has a value.  This function emits an error message when
that condition exists
local function link_title_ok (link, lorig, title, torig)
local orig;
	if is_set (link) then 														-- don't bother if -link doesn't have a value
		if not link_param_ok (link) then										-- check 
			orig = lorig;														-- identify the failing link parameter
		elseif title:find ('%%') then											-- check |title= for wikilink markup
			orig = torig;														-- identify the failing |title= parameter
		end
	end
	if is_set (orig) then
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'bad_paramlink', orig)});	-- url or wikilink in |title= with |title-link=;
	end
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Determines whether a URL string appears to be valid.
First we test for space characters.  If any are found, return false.  Then split the url into scheme and domain
portions, or for protocol relative (//example.com) urls, just the domain.  Use is_url() to validate the two
portions of the url.  If both are valid, or for protocol relative if domain is valid, return true, else false.
Because it is different from a standard url, and because this module used external_link() to make external links
that work for standard and news: links, we validate newsgroup names here.  The specification for a newsgroup name
is at https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5536#section-3.1.4
local function check_url( url_str )
	if nil == url_str:match ("^%S+$") then										-- if there are any spaces in |url=value it can't be a proper url
		return false;
	end
	local scheme, domain;
	scheme, domain = split_url (url_str);										-- get scheme or nil and domain or nil from url;
	
	if 'news:' == scheme then													-- special case for newsgroups
		return domain:match('^%a%d%+%-_+%.%a%d%+%-_%.*%a%d%+%-_$');
	end
	
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url
end
--=-----------------------------------------------------
Return true if a parameter value has a string that begins and ends with square brackets  and  and the first
non-space characters following the opening bracket appear to be a url.  The test will also find external wikilinks
that use protocol relative urls. Also finds bare urls.
The frontier pattern prevents a match on interwiki links which are similar to scheme:path urls.  The tests that
find bracketed urls are required because the parameters that call this test (currently |title=, |chapter=, |work=,
and |publisher=) may have wikilinks and there are articles or redirects like '//Hus' so, while uncommon, |title=//Hus
is possible as might be .
**
local function is_parameter_ext_wikilink (value)
local scheme, domain;
	if value:match ('%f%%%a%S*:%S+.*%') then								-- if ext wikilink with scheme and domain: 
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f%%(%a%S*:%S+).*%'));
	elseif value:match ('%f%%//%S+.*%') then								-- if protocol relative ext wikilink: //yyyyy.zzz
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('%f%%(//%S+).*%'));
	elseif value:match ('%a%S*:%S+') then										-- if bare url with scheme; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(%a%S*:%S+)'));
	elseif value:match ('//%S+') then											-- if protocol relative bare url: //yyyyy.zzz; may have leading or trailing plain text
		scheme, domain = split_url (value:match ('(//%S+)'));					-- what is left should be the domain
	else
		return false;															-- didn't find anything that is obviously a url
	end
	return is_url (scheme, domain);												-- return true if value appears to be a valid url
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
loop through a list of parameters and their values.  Look at the value and if it has an external link, emit an error message.
local function check_for_url (parameter_list)
local error_message = ;
	for k, v in pairs (parameter_list) do										-- for each parameter in the list
		if is_parameter_ext_wikilink (v) then									-- look at the value; if there is a url add an error message
			if is_set(error_message) then										-- once we've added the first portion of the error message ...
				error_message=error_message .. ", ";							-- ... add a comma space separator
			end
			error_message=error_message .. "|" .. k .. "=";				-- add the failed parameter
		end
	end
	if is_set (error_message) then												-- done looping, if there is an error message, display it
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'param_has_ext_link', {error_message}, true ) } );
	end
end
-- 로컬 시작
function yearcheck( str )
	return str:gsub( '년',  );
end
function monthcheck( str )
	return str:gsub( '월',  )
			  :gsub( "January", "1" ):gsub( "February", "2" ):gsub( "March", "3" ):gsub( "April", "4" )
			  :gsub( "May", "5" ):gsub( "June", "6" ):gsub( "July", "7" ):gsub( "August", "8" )
			  :gsub( "September", "9" ):gsub( "October", "10" ):gsub( "November", "11" ):gsub( "December", "12" );
end
function editioncheck( str )
	return str:gsub( " 판", "" ):gsub( " Eedition", "" ):gsub( " Eed%.?", "" ):gsub( " st", "" ):gsub( " nd", "" ):gsub( " rd", "" ):gsub( " th", "" )
			  :gsub( "판", "" ):gsub( "Eedition", "" ):gsub( "Eed%.?", "" ):gsub( "st", "" ):gsub( "nd", "" ):gsub( "rd", "" ):gsub( "th", "" );
end
-- 로컬 끝
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Escape sequences for content that will be used for URL descriptions
local function safe_for_url( str )
	if str:match( "%%.-%%" ) ~= nil then 
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'wikilink_in_url', {}, true ) } );
	end
	
	return str:gsub( '%%\n', {	
		 = ,
		 = ,
		'\n' = ' ' } );
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Format an external link with error checking
local function external_link( URL, label, source )
	local error_str = "";
	local domain;
	local path;
	
	if not is_set( label ) then
		label = URL;
		if is_set( source ) then
			error_str = set_error( 'bare_url_missing_title', { wrap_style ('parameter', source) }, false, " " );
		else
			error( cfg.messages"bare_url_no_origin" );
		end			
	end
	if not check_url( URL ) then
		error_str = set_error( 'bad_url', {wrap_style ('parameter', source)}, false, " " ) .. error_str;
	end
	
	domain, path = URL:match ('^(/%.%-%+:%a%d+)(/%?#.*)$');					-- split the url into scheme plus domain and path
	if path then																-- if there is a path portion
		path = path:gsub ('%%', {='%5b',='%5d'});					-- replace  and  with their percent encoded values
		URL=domain..path;														-- and reassemble
	end
	
	return table.concat({ "", URL, " ", safe_for_url( label ), "", error_str });
end
------------------------------------------------------------------
Categorize and emit an error message when the citation contains one or more deprecated parameters.  The function includes the
offending parameter name to the error message.  Only one error message is emitted regardless of the number of deprecated
parameters in the citation.
local page_in_deprecated_cat;													-- sticky flag so that the category is added only once
local function deprecated_parameter(name)
	if not page_in_deprecated_cat then
		page_in_deprecated_cat = true;											-- note that we've added this category
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'deprecated_params', {name}, true ) } );		-- add error message
	end
end
--chapter= parameter's value.
This function will positive kern either single or double quotes:
	"'Unkerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks'"
	" 'Kerned title with leading and trailing single quote marks' " (in real life the kerning isn't as wide as this example)
Double single quotes (italic or bold wikimarkup) are not kerned.
Call this function for chapter titles, for website titles, etc; not for book titles.
local function kern_quotes (str)
	local cap=;
	local cap2=;
	
	cap, cap2 = str:match ("^(\"\')(^\'.+)");								-- match leading double or single quote but not double single quotes
	if is_set (cap) then
		str = substitute (cfg.presentation'kern-left', {cap, cap2});
	end
	cap, cap2 = str:match ("^(.+^\')(\"\')$")
	if is_set (cap) then
		str = substitute (cfg.presentation'kern-right', {cap, cap2});
	end
	return str;
end
--script-chapter=
TODO: error messages when prefix is invalid ISO639-1 code; when script_value has prefix but no script;
local function format_script_value (script_value)
	local lang=;																-- initialize to empty string
	local name;
	if script_value:match('^%l%l%s*:') then										-- if first 3 non-space characters are script language prefix
		lang = script_value:match('^(%l%l)%s*:%s*%S.*');						-- get the language prefix or nil if there is no script
		if not is_set (lang) then
			return ;															-- script_value was just the prefix so return empty string
		end
																				-- if we get this far we have prefix and script
--		name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, "ko" );						-- get language name so that we can use it to categorize -- 로컬
		name = lang_namelang or mw.language.fetchLanguageName( lang, "ko" );	-- 로컬. Langname 모듈에 정의된 이름을 우선 사용.
		if is_set (name) then													-- is prefix a proper ISO 639-1 language code?
			script_value = script_value:gsub ('^%l%l%s*:%s*', );				-- strip prefix from script
																				-- is prefix one of these language codes?
--			if in_array (lang, {'am', 'ar', 'be', 'bg', 'bs', 'dv', 'el', 'fa', 'he', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'ku', 'mk', 'ml', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'sr', 'th', 'uk', 'ug', 'yi', 'zh'}) then -- 로컬 시작
--				add_prop_cat ('script_with_name', {name, lang})
--			else
--				add_prop_cat ('script')
--			end																	-- 로컬 끝: 임시로 숨김
			lang = ' lang="' .. lang .. '" ';									-- convert prefix into a lang attribute
		else
			lang = ;															-- invalid so set lang to empty string
		end
	end
	script_value = substitute (cfg.presentation'bdi', {lang, script_value});	-- isolate in case script is rtl
	return script_value;
end
--script-title=, this function concatenates those two parameter values after the script value has been 
wrapped in  tags.
local function script_concatenate (title, script)
	if is_set (script) then
		script = format_script_value (script);									--  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; returns empty string on error
		if is_set (script) then
			title = title .. ' ' .. script;										-- concatenate title and script title
		end
	end
	return title;
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Applies additional message text to various parameter values. Supplied string is wrapped using a message_list
configuration taking one argument.  Supports lower case text for  templates.  Additional text taken
from citation_config.messages - the reason this function is similar to but separate from wrap_style().
local function wrap_msg (key, str, lower)
	if not is_set( str ) then
		return "";
	end
	if true == lower then
		local msg;
		msg = cfg.messageskey:lower();										-- set the message to lower case before 
		return substitute( msg, str );										-- including template text
	else
		return substitute( cfg.messageskey, str );
	end		
end
-- 로컬: Format Chapter Title 아래로 옮김
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This function searches a parameter's value for nonprintable or invisible characters.  The search stops at the
first match.
This function will detect the visible replacement character when it is part of the wikisource.
Detects but ignores nowiki and math stripmarkers.  Also detects other named stripmarkers (gallery, math, pre, ref)
and identifies them with a slightly different error message.  See also coins_cleanup().
Detects but ignores the character pattern that results from the transclusion of  templates.
Output of this function is an error message that identifies the character or the Unicode group, or the stripmarker
that was detected along with its position (or, for multi-byte characters, the position of its first byte) in the
parameter value.
local function has_invisible_chars (param, v)
	local position = ;														-- position of invisible char or starting position of stripmarker
	local dummy;																-- end of matching string; not used but required to hold end position when a capture is returned
	local capture;																-- used by stripmarker detection to hold name of the stripmarker
	local i=1;
	local stripmarker, apostrophe;
	
	capture = string.match (v, '%w%p *');										-- Test for values that are simple ASCII text and bypass other tests if true
	if capture == v then														-- if same there are no unicode characters
		return;
	end
	while cfg.invisible_charsi do
		local char=cfg.invisible_charsi1									-- the character or group name
		local pattern=cfg.invisible_charsi2									-- the pattern used to find it
		position, dummy, capture = mw.ustring.find (v, pattern)					-- see if the parameter value contains characters that match the pattern
		
		if position then
			if 'nowiki' == capture or 'math' == capture then 					-- nowiki, math stripmarker (not an error condition)
				stripmarker = true;												-- set a flag
			elseif true == stripmarker and '지움' == char then				-- because stripmakers begin and end with the delete char, assume that we've found one end of a stripmarker
				position = nil;													-- unset
			else
				local err_msg;
				if capture then
					err_msg = capture .. ' ' .. char;
				else
					err_msg = char .. ' ' .. '문자';							-- 로컬
				end
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invisible_char', {err_msg, wrap_style ('parameter', param), position}, true ) } );	-- add error message
				return;															-- and done with this parameter
			end
		end
		i=i+1;																	-- bump our index
	end
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Argument wrapper.  This function provides support for argument mapping defined in the configuration file so that
multiple names can be transparently aliased to single internal variable.
local function argument_wrapper( args )
	local origin = {};
	
	return setmetatable({
		ORIGIN = function( self, k )
			local dummy = selfk; --force the variable to be loaded.
			return origink;
		end
	},
	{
		__index = function ( tbl, k )
			if origink ~= nil then
				return nil;
			end
			
			local args, list, v = args, cfg.aliasesk;
			
			if type( list ) == 'table' then
				v, origink = select_one( args, list, 'redundant_parameters' );
				if origink == nil then
					origink = ; -- Empty string, not nil
				end
			elseif list ~= nil then
				v, origink = argslist, list;
			else
				-- maybe let through instead of raising an error?
				-- v, origink = argsk, k;
				error( cfg.messages'unknown_argument_map' );
			end
			
			-- Empty strings, not nil;
			if v == nil then
				v = cfg.defaultsk or ;
				origink = ;
			end
			
			tbl = rawset( tbl, k, v );
			return v;
		end,
	});
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Looks for a parameter's name in the whitelist.
Parameters in the whitelist can have three values:
	true - active, supported parameters
	false - deprecated, supported parameters
	nil - unsupported parameters
	
local function validate( name )
	local name = tostring( name );
	local state = whitelist.basic_arguments name ;
	
	-- Normal arguments
	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter
	if false == state then
		deprecated_parameter (name);				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
		return true;
	end
	
	-- Arguments with numbers in them
	name = name:gsub( "%d+", "#" );				-- replace digit(s) with # (last25 becomes last#
	state = whitelist.numbered_arguments name ;
	if true == state then return true; end		-- valid actively supported parameter
	if false == state then
		deprecated_parameter (name);				-- parameter is deprecated but still supported
		return true;
	end
	
	return false;								-- Not supported because not found or name is set to nil
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
When date is YYYY-MM-DD format wrap in nowrap span: YYYY-MM-DD.  When date is DD MMMM YYYY or is
MMMM DD, YYYY then wrap in nowrap span: DD MMMM YYYY or MMMM DD, YYYY
DOES NOT yet support MMMM YYYY or any of the date ranges.
local function nowrap_date (date)
	local cap=;
	local cap2=;
	if date:match("^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$") then
		date = substitute (cfg.presentation'nowrap1', date);
	
	elseif date:match("^%a+%s*%d%d?,%s+%d%d%d%d$") or date:match ("^%d%d?%s*%a+%s+%d%d%d%d$") then
		cap, cap2 = string.match (date, "^(.*)%s+(%d%d%d%d)$");
		date = substitute (cfg.presentation'nowrap2', {cap, cap2});
	end
	
	return date;
end
--type=none).
local function set_titletype (cite_class, title_type)
	if is_set(title_type) then
		if "none" == title_type or "없음" == title_type then					-- 로컬
			title_type = "";													-- if |type=none then type parameter not displayed
		end
		return title_type;														-- if |type= has been set to any other value use that value
	end
	return cfg.title_types cite_class or ;									-- set template's default title type; else empty string for concatenation
end
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Converts a hyphen to a dash
local function hyphen_to_dash( str )
	if not is_set(str) or str:match( "%%{}" ) ~= nil then
		return str;
	end	
	return str:gsub( '-', '–' );
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Joins a sequence of strings together while checking for duplicate separation characters.
local function safe_join( tbl, duplicate_char )
	--
	Note: we use string functions here, rather than ustring functions.
	
	This has considerably faster performance and should work correctly as 
	long as the duplicate_char is strict ASCII.  The strings
	in tbl may be ASCII or UTF8.
	
	
	local str = ;																-- the output string
	local comp = ;															-- what does 'comp' mean?
	local end_chr = ;
	local trim;
	for _, value in ipairs( tbl ) do
		if value == nil then value = ; end
		
		if str ==  then														-- if output string is empty
			str = value;														-- assign value to it (first time through the loop)
		elseif value ~=  then
			if value:sub(1,1) == '", "" );								-- remove html markup (string -> string)
			else
				comp = value;
			end
																				-- typically duplicate_char is sepc
			if comp:sub(1,1) == duplicate_char then								-- is first charactier same as duplicate_char? why test first character?
																				--   Because individual string segments often (always?) begin with terminal punct for th
																				--   preceding segment: 'First element' .. 'sepc next element' .. etc?
				trim = false;
				end_chr = str:sub(-1,-1);										-- get the last character of the output string
				-- str = str .. "
						str = str:sub(1,-3);									-- remove them both
					end
				end
				if trim then
					if value ~= comp then 										-- value does not equal comp when value contains html markup
						local dup2 = duplicate_char;
						if dup2:match( "%A" ) then dup2 = "%" .. dup2; end		-- if duplicate_char not a letter then escape it
						
						value = value:gsub( "(%b)" .. dup2, "%1", 1 )			-- remove duplicate_char if it follows html markup
					else
						value = value:sub( 2, -1 );								-- remove duplicate_char when it is first character
					end
				end
			end
			str = str .. value;													--add it to the output string
		end
	end
	return str;
end  
--firstn= also allowed to contain hyphens, spaces, apostrophes, and periods
At the time of this writing, I had to write the 'if nil == mw.ustring.find ...' test ouside of the code editor and paste it here
because the code editor gets confused between character insertion point and cursor position.
local function is_good_vanc_name (last, first)
	if nil == mw.ustring.find (last, "^A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'*$") or nil == mw.ustring.find (first, "^A-Za-zÀ-ÖØ-öø-ƿǄ-ɏ%-%s%'%.*$") then
		add_vanc_error ();
		return false;															-- not a string of latin characters; Vancouver required Romanization
	end;
	return true;
end
--firstn= may be separated by spaces or hyphens, or for initials, a period. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35062/.
Vancouver style requires family rank designations (Jr, II, III, etc) to be rendered as Jr, 2nd, 3rd, etc.  This form is not
currently supported by this code so correctly formed names like Smith JL 2nd are converted to Smith J2. See http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35085/.
This function uses ustring functions because firstname initials may be any of the unicode Latin characters accepted by is_good_vanc_name ().
local function reduce_to_initials(first)
	if mw.ustring.match(first, "^%u%u$") then return first end;					-- when first contains just two upper-case letters, nothing to do
	local initials = {}
	local i = 0;																-- counter for number of initials
	for word in mw.ustring.gmatch(first, "^%s%.%-+") do						-- names separated by spaces, hyphens, or periods
		table.insert(initials, mw.ustring.sub(word,1,1))						-- Vancouver format does not include full stops.
		i = i + 1;																-- bump the counter 
		if 2 -------------------------------------------------------
Formats a list of people (e.g. authors / editors) 
local function list_people(control, people, etal)
	local sep;
	local namesep;
	local format = control.format
	local maximum = control.maximum
	local lastauthoramp = control.lastauthoramp;
	local text = {}
	if 'vanc' == format then													-- Vancouver-like author/editor name styling?
		sep = ',';																-- name-list separator between authors is a comma
		namesep = ' ';															-- last/first separator is a space
	else
		sep = ';'																-- name-list separator between authors is a semicolon
		namesep = ', '															-- last/first separator is 
	end
	
	if sep:sub(-1,-1) ~= " " then sep = sep .. " " end
	if is_set (maximum) and maximum  maximum then
				etal = true;
				break;
			elseif (mask ~= nil) then
				local n = tonumber(mask)
				if (n ~= nil) then
					one = string.rep("—",n)
				else
					one = mask;
					sep_one = " ";
				end
			else
				one = person.last
				local first = person.first
				if is_set(first) then 
					if ( "vanc" == format ) then								-- if vancouver format
						one = one:gsub ('%.', );								-- remove periods from surnames (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK7271/box/A35029/)
						if not person.corporate and is_good_vanc_name (one, first) then					-- and name is all Latin characters; corporate authors not tested
							first = reduce_to_initials(first)					-- attempt to convert first name(s) to initials
						end
					end
					one = one .. namesep .. first 
				end
				if is_set(person.link) and person.link ~= control.page_name then
					one = "" .. one .. ""				-- link author/editor if this page is not the author's/editor's page
				end
			end
			table.insert( text, one )
			table.insert( text, sep_one )
		end
	end
	local count = #text / 2;													-- (number of names + number of separators) divided by 2
	if count > 0 then 
		if count > 1 and is_set(lastauthoramp) and not etal then
			text#text-2 = " & ";												-- replace last separator with ampersand text
		end
		text#text = nil;														-- erase the last separator
	end
	
	local result = table.concat(text)											-- construct list
	if etal and is_set (result) then											-- etal may be set by |display-authors=etal but we might not have a last-first list
		result = result .. sep .. ' ' .. cfg.messages'et al';					-- we've go a last-first list and etal so add et al.
	end
	
	return result, count
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Generates a CITEREF anchor ID if we have at least one name or a date.  Otherwise returns an empty string.
namelist is one of the contributor-, author-, or editor-name lists chosen in that order.  year is Year or anchor_year.
local function anchor_id (namelist, year)
	local names={};																-- a table for the one to four names and year
	for i,v in ipairs (namelist) do												-- loop through the list and take up to the first four last names
		namesi = v.last 
		if i == 4 then break end												-- if four then done
	end
	table.insert (names, year);													-- add the year at the end
	local id = table.concat(names);												-- concatenate names and year for CITEREF id
	if is_set (id) then															-- if concatenation is not an empty string
		return "CITEREF" .. id;													-- add the CITEREF portion
	else
		return ;																-- return an empty string; no reason to include CITEREF id in this citation
	end
end
--display-editors=etal
local function name_has_etal (name, etal, nocat)
	if is_set (name) then														-- name can be nil in which case just return
		local etal_pattern = ";,? *\"'*%f%aEeTt *AaLl%.\"'*$"	-- variations on the 'et al' theme
		local others_pattern = ";,? *%f%aand Oothers";					-- and alternate to et al.
		
		if name:match (etal_pattern) then										-- variants on et al.
			name = name:gsub (etal_pattern, );								-- if found, remove
			etal = true;														-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-authors=etal)
			if not nocat then													-- no categorization for |vauthors=
				add_maint_cat ('etal');											-- and add a category if not already added
			end
		elseif name:match (others_pattern) then									-- if not 'et al.', then 'and others'?
			name = name:gsub (others_pattern, );								-- if found, remove
			etal = true;														-- set flag (may have been set previously here or by |display-authors=etal)
			if not nocat then													-- no categorization for |vauthors=
				add_maint_cat ('etal');											-- and add a category if not already added
			end
		end
	end
	return name, etal;															-- 
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Evaluates the content of author and editor (surnames only) parameters for multiple names.  Multiple names are
indicated if there is more than one comma and or semicolon.  If found, the function adds the multiple name
(author or editor) maintenance category.
local function name_has_mult_names (name, list_name)
local count, _;
	if is_set (name) then
		if name:match ('^%(%(.*%)%)$') then										-- if wrapped in doubled parentheses, ignore 
			name = name:match ('^%(%((.*)%)%)$');								-- strip parens
		else
			_, count = name:gsub (';,', );									-- count the number of separator-like characters
			
			if 1 ----------------------------------------------------
Gets name list from the input arguments
Searches through args in sequential order to find |lastn= and |firstn= parameters (or their aliases), and their matching link and mask parameters.
Stops searching when both |lastn= and |firstn= are not found in args after two sequential attempts: found |last1=, |last2=, and |last3= but doesn't
find |last4= and |last5= then the search is done.
This function emits an error message when there is a |firstn= without a matching |lastn=.  When there are 'holes' in the list of last names, |last1= and |last3=
are present but |last2= is missing, an error message is emitted. |lastn= is not required to have a matching |firstn=.
When an author or editor parameter contains some form of 'et al.', the 'et al.' is stripped from the parameter and a flag (etal) returned
that will cause list_people() to add the static 'et al.' text from Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration.  This keeps 'et al.' out of the 
template's metadata.  When this occurs, the page is added to a maintenance category.
local function extract_names(args, list_name)
	local names = {};			-- table of names
	local last;					-- individual name components
	local first;
	local link;
	local mask;
	local i = 1;				-- loop counter/indexer
	local n = 1;				-- output table indexer
	local count = 0;			-- used to count the number of times we haven't found a |last= (or alias for authors, |editor-last or alias for editors)
	local etal=false;			-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. in an author parameter
	local err_msg_list_name = list_name:match ("(%w+)List") .. ' 목록';		-- modify AuthorList or EditorList for use in error messages if necessary -- 수정 필요
	while true do
		last = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Last', 'redundant_parameters', i );		-- search through args for name components beginning at 1
		first = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-First', 'redundant_parameters', i );
		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Link', 'redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Mask', 'redundant_parameters', i );
		last, etal = name_has_etal (last, etal, false);							-- find and remove variations on et al.
		first, etal = name_has_etal (first, etal, false);						-- find and remove variations on et al.
		last = name_has_mult_names (last, err_msg_list_name);					-- check for multiple names in last and its aliases
		
		if first and not last then												-- if there is a firstn without a matching lastn
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'first_missing_last', {err_msg_list_name, i}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
		elseif not first and not last then										-- if both firstn and lastn aren't found, are we done?
			count = count + 1;													-- number of times we haven't found last and first
			if 2 ------------------------------------------------------
attempt to decode |language= and return language name and matching tag; nil else.
This function looks for:
	 as a tag in cfg.lang_code_remap{}
	 as a name in cfg.lang_name_remap{}
	
	 as a name in cfg.mw_languages_by_name_t
	 as a tag in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t
when those fail, presume that  is an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki does not recognize.  Strip all
script, region, variant, whatever subtags from  to leave just a two or three character language tag
and look for the new  in cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_t{}
on success, return name and matching tag; on failure return nil
local function name_tag_get (lang_param)
	local lang_param_lc = mw.ustring.lower (lang_param);						-- use lowercase as an index into the various tables
	local name;
	local tag;
	name = cfg.lang_code_remaplang_param_lc or lang_namelang_param_lc;		-- assume  is a tag; attempt to get remapped language name 
	if name then																-- when ,  is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, lang_param;												-- so return  from remap and 
	end
	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- still assuming that  is a tag; strip script, region, variant subtags
	name = cfg.lang_code_remaptag or lang_nametag;							-- attempt to get remapped language name with language subtag only
	if name then																-- when ,  is a tag for a remapped language name
		return name, tag;														-- so return  from remap and 
	end
	if cfg.lang_name_remaplang_param_lc then									-- not a tag, assume  is a name; attempt to get remapped language tag 
		return cfg.lang_name_remaplang_param_lc1, cfg.lang_name_remaplang_param_lc2;	-- for this , return a (possibly) new name and appropriate tag
	end
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_name_tlang_param_lc;							-- assume that  is a language name; attempt to get its matching tag
	
	if tag then
		name = cfg.lang_code_remaptag or lang_nametag or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_ttag
		if name then
			return name, tag;													--  is a name so return the name from the table and 
		end
	end
	tag = cfg.mw_languages_by_english_tlang_param_lc;							-- assume that  is a language name in English; attempt to get its matching tag
	if tag then
		name = cfg.lang_code_remaptag or lang_nametag or cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_ttag
		if name then
			return name, tag;													--  is a name so return the name from the table and 
		end
	end
	name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_tlang_param_lc;							-- assume that  is a tag; attempt to get its matching language name
	
	if name then
		return name, lang_param;												--  is a tag so return  and the tag
	end
	
	tag = lang_param_lc:match ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*');								-- is  an IETF-like tag that MediaWiki doesn't recognize?  gets the language subtag; nil else
	if tag then
		name = cfg.mw_languages_by_tag_ttag;									-- attempt to get a language name using the shortened 
		if name then
			return name, tag;													--  is an unrecognized IETF-like tag so return  and language subtag
		end
	end
end
--language=nb, French, th where the language names or codes are
separated from each other by commas.
local function language_parameter (lang)
	local tag;																	-- some form of IETF-like language tag; language subtag with optional region, sript, vatiant, etc subtags
	local lang_subtag;															-- ve populates |language= with mostly unecessary region subtags the MediaWiki does not recognize; this is the base language subtag
	local name;																	-- the language name
	local language_list = {};													-- table of language names to be rendered
	local names_t = {};															-- table made from the value assigned to |language=
	local this_wiki_name = mw.language.fetchLanguageName (cfg.this_wiki_code, cfg.this_wiki_code);	-- get this wiki's language name
	names_t = mw.text.split (lang, '%s*,%s*');									-- names should be a comma separated list
	for _, lang in ipairs (names_t) do											-- reuse lang here because we don't yet know if lang is a language name or a language tag
		name, tag = name_tag_get (lang);										-- attempt to get name/tag pair for 
	
		if utilities.is_set (tag) then
			lang_subtag = tag:lower():gsub ('^(%a%a%a?)%-.*', '%1');			-- for categorization, strip any IETF-like tags from language tag
			if cfg.this_wiki_code ~= lang_subtag then							-- when the language is not the same as this wiki's language
				if 2 == lang_subtag:len() then									-- and is a two-character tag
					add_prop_cat ('foreign_lang_source', {name, lang_subtag});	-- categorize it; tag appended to allow for multiple language categorization
--				else															-- or is a recognized language (but has a three-character tag)
--					utilities.add_prop_cat ('foreign-lang-source-2', {lang_subtag}, lang_subtag);			-- categorize it differently TODO: support multiple three-character tag categories per cs1|2 template?
				end
--			elseif cfg.local_lang_cat_enable then								-- when the language and this wiki's language are the same and categorization is enabled
--				utilities.add_prop_cat ('local-lang-source', {name, lang_subtag});		-- categorize it
			end
		else
			name = lang;														-- return whatever  has so that we show something
			add_maint_cat ('unknown_lang');										-- add maint category if not already added
		end
		
		table.insert (language_list, name);
		name = ;																-- so we can reuse it
	end
	name = utilities.make_sep_list (#language_list, language_list);
	if (1 == #language_list) and (lang_subtag == cfg.this_wiki_code) then		-- when only one language, find lang name in this wiki lang name; for |language=en-us, 'English' in 'American English'
		return ;																-- if one language and that language is this wiki's return an empty string (no annotation)
	end
	return (" " .. wrap_msg ('language', name));								-- otherwise wrap with '(in ...)'
	-- TODO: should only return blank or name rather than full list
	so we can clean up the bunched parenthetical elements Language, Type, Format
	
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set style settings for CS1 citation templates. Returns separator and postscript settings
local function set_cs1_style (ps)
	if not is_set (ps) then														-- unless explicitely set to something
		ps = '.';																-- terminate the rendered citation with a period
	end
	return '.', ps;																-- separator is a full stop
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Set style settings for CS2 citation templates. Returns separator, postscript, ref settings
local function set_cs2_style (ps, ref)
	if not is_set (ps) then														-- if |postscript= has not been set, set cs2 default
		ps = ;																-- make sure it isn't nil
	end
	if not is_set (ref) then													-- if |ref= is not set
		ref = "harv";															-- set default |ref=harv
	end
	return ',', ps, ref;														-- separator is a comma
end
--mode= is not set or when its value is invalid, use config.CitationClass and parameter values to establish
rendered style.
local function get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if (cite_class == "citation") then											-- for citation templates (CS2)
		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref);
	else																		-- not a citation template so CS1
		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps);
	end
	return sep, ps, ref															-- return them all
end
--mode= if set and valid or uses
config.CitationClass from the template's #invoke: to establish style.
local function set_style (mode, ps, ref, cite_class)
	local sep;
	if 'cs2' == mode then														-- if this template is to be rendered in CS2 (citation) style
		sep, ps, ref = set_cs2_style (ps, ref);
	elseif 'cs1' == mode then													-- if this template is to be rendered in CS1 (cite xxx) style
		sep, ps = set_cs1_style (ps);
	else																		-- anything but cs1 or cs2
		sep, ps, ref = get_settings_from_cite_class (ps, ref, cite_class);		-- get settings based on the template's CitationClass
	end
	if 'none' == ps:lower() or '없음' == ps:lower() then												-- if assigned value is 'none' then -- 로컬
		ps = ;																-- set to empty string
	end
	
	return sep, ps, ref
end
--=-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Determines if a url has the file extension that is one of the pdf file extensions used by MediaWiki:Common.css when
applying the pdf icon to external links.
returns true if file extension is one of the recognized extension, else false
**
local function is_pdf (url)
	return url:match ('%.pdf%?#?') or url:match ('%.PDF%?#?');
end
--chapter-format=, etc.  Also emits an error message if the format parameter does
not have a matching url parameter.  If the format parameter is not set and the url contains a file extension that
is recognized as a pdf document by MediaWiki's commons.css, this code will set the format parameter to (PDF) with
the appropriate styling.
local function style_format (format, url, fmt_param, url_param)
	if is_set (format) then
		format = wrap_style ('format', format);									-- add leading space, parenthases, resize
		if not is_set (url) then
			format = format .. set_error( 'format_missing_url', {fmt_param, url_param} );	-- add an error message
		end
	elseif is_pdf (url) then													-- format is not set so if url is a pdf file then
		format = wrap_style ('format', 'PDF');									-- set format to pdf
	else
		format = ;															-- empty string for concatenation
	end
	return format;
end
----------------------------------------------------
Returns a number that defines the number of names displayed for author and editor name lists and a boolean flag
to indicate when et al. should be appended to the name list.
When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is a number greater than or equal to zero, return the number and
the previous state of the 'etal' flag (false by default but may have been set to true if the name list contains
some variant of the text 'et al.').
When the value assigned to |display-xxxxors= is the keyword 'etal', return a number that is one greater than the
number of authors in the list and set the 'etal' flag true.  This will cause the list_people() to display all of
the names in the name list followed by 'et al.'
In all other cases, returns nil and the previous state of the 'etal' flag.
inputs:
	max: A'DisplayAuthors' or A'DisplayEditors'; a number or some flavor of etal
	count: #a or #e
	list_name: 'authors' or 'editors'
	etal: author_etal or editor_etal
local function get_display_authors_editors (max, count, list_name, etal)
	if is_set (max) then
		if 'etal' == max:lower():gsub(" '%.", ) then						-- the :gsub() portion makes 'etal' from a variety of 'et al.' spellings and stylings
			max = count + 1;													-- number of authors + 1 so display all author name plus et al.
			etal = true;														-- overrides value set by extract_names()
		elseif max:match ('^%d+$') then											-- if is a string of numbers
			max = tonumber (max);												-- make it a number
			if max >= count then												-- if |display-xxxxors= value greater than or equal to number of authors/editors
				add_maint_cat ('disp_auth_ed', list_name);
			end
		else																	-- not a valid keyword or number
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {'display-' .. list_name, max}, true ) } );		-- add error message -- 수정 필요?
			max = nil;															-- unset; as if |display-xxxxors= had not been set
		end
	end
	
	return max, etal;
end
----------------------------------------------------------
Adds page to Category:CS1 maint: extra text if |page= or |pages= has what appears to be some form of p. or pp. 
abbreviation in the first characters of the parameter content.
check Page and Pages for extraneous p, p., pp, and pp. at start of parameter value:
	good pattern: '^P^%.P%l' matches when |page(s)= begins PX or P# but not Px where x and X are letters and # is a dgiit
	bad pattern: '^PpPp' matches matches when |page(s)= begins pp or pP or Pp or PP
local function extra_text_in_page_check (page)
--	local good_pattern = '^P^%.P%l';
	local good_pattern = '^P^%.Pp';											-- ok to begin with uppercase P: P7 (pg 7 of section P) but not p123 (page 123) TODO: add Gg for PG or Pg?
--	local bad_pattern = '^PpPp';
	local bad_pattern = '^Pp?Pp%.? %d';
	if not page:match (good_pattern) and (page:match (bad_pattern) or  page:match ('^Ppages?')) then
		add_maint_cat ('extra_text');
	end
--		if Page:match ('^Pp?Pp%.? %d') or  Page:match ('^Ppages? %d') or
--			Pages:match ('^Pp?Pp%.? %d') or  Pages:match ('^Ppages? %d') then
--				add_maint_cat ('extra_text');
--		end
end
--veditors= must be in Vancouver system style. Corporate or institutional names
may sometimes be required and because such names will often fail the is_good_vanc_name() and other format compliance
tests, are wrapped in doubled paranethese ((corporate name)) to suppress the format tests.
This function sets the vancouver error when a reqired comma is missing and when there is a space between an author's initials.
TODO: check for names like Coon V JS (Coon JS 5th at PMID 25205766, John S. Coon V at doi:10.1093/humupd/dmu048)?
local function parse_vauthors_veditors (args, vparam, list_name)
	local names = {};															-- table of names assembled from |vauthors=, |author-maskn=, |author-linkn=
	local v_name_table = {};
	local etal = false;															-- return value set to true when we find some form of et al. vauthors parameter
	local last, first, link, mask;
	local corporate = false;
	vparam, etal = name_has_etal (vparam, etal, true);							-- find and remove variations on et al. do not categorize (do it here because et al. might have a period)
	if vparam:find ('%%') or vparam:find ('%%')	then						-- no wikilinking vauthors names
		add_vanc_error ();
	end
	v_name_table = mw.text.split(vparam, "%s*,%s*")								-- names are separated by commas
	for i, v_name in ipairs(v_name_table) do
		if v_name:match ('^%(%(.+%)%)$') then									-- corporate authors are wrapped in doubled parenthese to supress vanc formatting and error detection
			first = ;															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
			last = v_name:match ('^%(%((.+)%)%)$')
			corporate = true;
		elseif string.find(v_name, "%s") then
			local lastfirstTable = {}
			lastfirstTable = mw.text.split(v_name, "%s")
			first = table.remove(lastfirstTable);								-- removes and returns value of last element in table which should be author intials
			last  = table.concat(lastfirstTable, " ")							-- returns a string that is the concatenation of all other names that are not initials
			if mw.ustring.match (last, '%a+%s+%u+%s+%a+') or mw.ustring.match (v_name, ' %u %u$') then
				add_vanc_error ();												-- matches last II last; the case when a comma is missing or a space between two intiials
			end
		else
			first = ;															-- set to empty string for concatenation and because it may have been set for previous author/editor
			last = v_name;														-- last name or single corporate name?  Doesn't support multiword corporate names? do we need this?
		end
																
		if is_set (first) and not mw.ustring.match (first, "^%u?%u$") then		-- first shall contain one or two upper-case letters, nothing else
			add_vanc_error ();
		end
																				-- this from extract_names ()
		link = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Link', 'redundant_parameters', i );
		mask = select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Mask', 'redundant_parameters', i );
		namesi = {last = last, first = first, link = link, mask = mask, corporate=corporate};		-- add this assembled name to our names list
	end
	return names, etal;															-- all done, return our list of names
end
--xxxxor2= (and all of their aliases); stops after the second
test which mimicks the test used in extract_names() when looking for a hole in the author name list.  There may be a better
way to do this, I just haven't discovered what that way is.
Emits an error message when more than one xxxxor name source is provided.
In this function, vxxxxors = vauthors or veditors; xxxxors = authors or editors as appropriate.
local function select_author_editor_source (vxxxxors, xxxxors, args, list_name)
local lastfirst = false;
	if select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Last', 'none', 1 ) or		-- do this twice incase we have a first 1 without a last1
		select_one( args, cfg.aliaseslist_name .. '-Last', 'none', 2 ) then
			lastfirst=true;
	end
	if (is_set (vxxxxors) and true == lastfirst) or								-- these are the three error conditions
		(is_set (vxxxxors) and is_set (xxxxors)) or
		(true == lastfirst and is_set (xxxxors)) then
			local err_name;
			if 'AuthorList' == list_name then									-- figure out which name should be used in error message
				err_name = 'author';
			else
				err_name = 'editor';
			end
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters',
				{err_name .. '-name-list parameters'}, true ) } );				-- add error message
	end
	if true == lastfirst then return 1 end;										-- return a number indicating which author name source to use
	if is_set (vxxxxors) then return 2 end;
	if is_set (xxxxors) then return 3 end;
	return 1;																	-- no authors so return 1; this allows missing author name test to run in case there is a first without last 
end
----------------------------------------------------------
This function is used to validate a parameter's assigned value for those parameters that have only a limited number
of allowable values (yes, y, true, no, etc).  When the parameter value has not been assigned a value (missing or empty
in the source template) the function refurns true.  If the parameter value is one of the list of allowed values returns
true; else, emits an error message and returns false.
local function is_valid_parameter_value (value, name, possible)
	if not is_set (value) then
		return true;															-- an empty parameter is ok
	elseif in_array(value:lower(), possible) then
		return true;
	else
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'invalid_param_val', {name, value}, true ) } );	-- not an allowed value so add error message
		return false
	end
end
--------------------------------------------------------------------
This function terminates a name list (author, contributor, editor) with a separator character (sepc) and a space
when the last character is not a sepc character or when the last three characters are not sepc followed by two
closing square brackets (close of a wikilink).  When either of these is true, the name_list is terminated with a
single space character.
local function terminate_name_list (name_list, sepc)
	if (string.sub (name_list,-1,-1) == sepc) or (string.sub (name_list,-3,-1) == sepc .. ) then	-- if last name in list ends with sepc char
		return name_list .. " ";												-- don't add another
	else
		return name_list .. sepc .. ' ';										-- otherwise terninate the name list
	end
end
-------------------------------------------------------------------
returns the concatenation of the formatted volume and issue parameters as a single string; or formatted volume
or formatted issue, or an empty string if neither are set.
	
local function format_volume_issue (volume, issue, cite_class, origin, sepc, lower)
	if not is_set (volume) and not is_set (issue) then
		return ;
	end
	
	if 'magazine' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map'}) and 'magazine' == origin) then
		if is_set (volume) and is_set (issue) then
			return wrap_msg ('vol-no', {sepc, volume, issue}, lower);
		elseif is_set (volume) then
			return wrap_msg ('vol', {sepc, volume}, lower);
		else
			return wrap_msg ('issue', {sepc, issue}, lower);
		end
	end
	
	local vol = ;
		
	if is_set (volume) then
		if (4 -----------------------------------------
not currently used
normalizes a comma, ampersand, and/or space separated list to be ', , ..., '
returns list unchanged if there are no commas else strips whitespace and then reformats the list
--
local function normalize_page_list (list)
	if not list:find (',& ') then return list end								-- if list is not delimited with commas, ampersands, or spaces; done
	
	list = mw.text.split (list, ',&%s+');										-- make a table of values
	list = table.concat (list, ', ');											-- and now make a normalized list
	return list;
end
--sheet(s)= values and returns it with all of the others set to empty strings.
The return order is:
	page, pages, sheet, sheets
Singular has priority over plural when both are provided.
local function format_pages_sheets (page, pages, sheet, sheets, cite_class, origin, sepc, nopp, lower)
	if 'map' == cite_class then													-- only cite map supports sheet(s) as in-source locators
		if is_set (sheet) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return , , wrap_msg ('j-sheet', sheet, lower), ;
			else
				return , , wrap_msg ('sheet', {sepc, sheet}, lower), ;
			end
		elseif is_set (sheets) then
			if 'journal' == origin then
				return , , , wrap_msg ('j-sheets', sheets, lower);
			else
				return , , , wrap_msg ('sheets', {sepc, sheets}, lower);
			end
		end
	end
	local is_journal = 'journal' == cite_class or (in_array (cite_class, {'citation', 'map'}) and 'journal' == origin);
	local is_news = 'news' == cite_class;										-- 로컬
	if is_set (page) then
		if is_journal then
			return substitute (cfg.messages'j-page(s)', page), , , ;
		elseif is_news then															 -- 로컬
			return substitute (cfg.messages'n-page(s)', {sepc, page}), , , ; -- 로컬
		elseif not nopp then
			return substitute (cfg.messages'p-prefix', {sepc, page}), , , ;
		else
			return substitute (cfg.messages'nopp', {sepc, page}), , , ;
		end
	elseif is_set(pages) then
		if is_journal then
			return substitute (cfg.messages'j-page(s)', pages), , , ;
		elseif is_news then															-- 로컬
			return , substitute (cfg.messages'n-page(s)', {sepc, pages}), , ; -- 로컬
		elseif tonumber(pages) ~= nil and not nopp then										-- if pages is only digits, assume a single page number
			return , substitute (cfg.messages'p-prefix', {sepc, pages}), , ;
		elseif not nopp then
			return , substitute (cfg.messages'pp-prefix', {sepc, pages}), , ;
		else
			return , substitute (cfg.messages'nopp', {sepc, pages}), , ;
		end
	end
	
	return , , , ;														-- return empty strings
end
--=---------------------------------------------------------------------
Check archive.org urls to make sure they at least look like they are pointing at valid archives and not to the 
save snapshot url.  When the archive url is 'https://web.archive.org/save/' (or http://...) archive.org saves a snapshot
of the target page in the url.  That is something that Wikipedia should not allow unwitting readers to do.
When the archive.org url does not have a complete timestamp, archive.org chooses a snapshot according to its own
algorithm or provides a 'search' result.  WP:ELNO discourages links to search results.
This function looks at the value assigned to |archive-url= and returns empty strings for |archive-url= and
archive-date= and an error message when:
	|archive-url= holds an archive.org save command url
	|archive-url= is an archive.org url that does not have a complete timestamp (YYYYMMDDhhmmss 14 digits) in the correct place
otherwise returns |archive-url= and |archive-date=
There are two mostly compatible archive.org urls:
	//web.archive.org/...		-- the old form
	//web.archive.org/web/...	-- the new form
The old form does not support or map to the new form when it contains a display flag.  There are four identified flags
('id_', 'js_', 'cs_', 'im_') but since archive.org ignores others following the same form (two letters and an underscore)
we don't check for these specific flags but we do check the form.
**
local function archive_url_check (url, date)
	local err_msg = ;															-- start with the error message empty
	local path, timestamp, flag;												-- portions of the archive.or url
	
	if not url:match('//web%.archive%.org/') then
		return url, date;														-- not an archive.org archive, return archiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/save/') then								-- if a save command url, we don't want to allow saving of the target page 
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'archive_url', {'save command'}, true ) } );	-- add error message
		return , ;															-- return empty strings for archiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
	if url:match('//web%.archive%.org/web/%*/') or url:match('//web%.archive%.org/%*/') then	-- wildcard with or without 'web/' path element
		table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'archive_url', {'wildcard'}, true ) } );		-- add error message and
		return , ;																			-- return empty strings for archiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
	
	path, timestamp, flag = url:match('//web%.archive%.org/(^%d*)(%d+)(^/*)/');			-- split out some of the url parts for evaluation
	if not is_set(timestamp) or 14 ~= timestamp:len() then						-- path and flag optional, must have 14-digit timestamp here
		err_msg = 'timestamp';
	elseif is_set(path) and 'web/' ~= path then									-- older archive urls do not have the extra 'web/' path element
		err_msg = 'path';
	elseif is_set (flag) and not is_set (path) then								-- flag not allowed with the old form url (without the 'web/' path element)
		err_msg = 'flag';
	elseif is_set (flag) and not flag:match ('%a%a_') then						-- flag if present must be two alpha characters and underscore (requires 'web/' path element)
		err_msg = 'flag';
	else
		return url, date;														-- return archiveURL and ArchiveDate
	end
																				-- if here something not right so
	table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'archive_url', {err_msg}, true ) } );	-- add error message and
	return , ;																-- return empty strings for archiveURL and ArchiveDate
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Look at the contents of a parameter. If the content has a string of characters and digits followed by an equal
sign, compare the alphanumeric string to the list of cs1|2 parameters.  If found, then the string is possibly a
parameter that is missing its pipe:
	title=Title access-date=2016-03-17
cs1|2 shares some parameter names with xml/html atributes: class=, title=, etc.  To prevent false positives xml/html
tags are removed before the search.
If a missing pipe is detected, this function adds the missing pipe maintenance category.
local function missing_pipe_check (value)
	local capture;
	value = value:gsub ('%b', );											-- remove xml/html tags because attributes: class=, title=, etc 
	capture = value:match ('%s+(%a%a%d+)%s*=') or value:match ('^(%a%a%d+)%s*=');	-- find and categorize parameters with possible missing pipes
	if capture and validate (capture) then								-- if the capture is a valid parameter name
		add_maint_cat ('missing_pipe');
	end
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is the main function doing the majority of the citation formatting.
local function citation0( config, args)
	-- 
	Load Input Parameters
	The argument_wrapper facilitates the mapping of multiple aliases to single internal variable.
	
	local A = argument_wrapper( args );
	local i 
	-- Pick out the relevant fields from the arguments.  Different citation templates
	-- define different field names for the same underlying things.	
	local author_etal;
	local a	= {};																-- authors list from |lastn= / |firstn= pairs or |vauthors=
	local Authors;
	local NameListFormat = A'NameListFormat';
	local Collaboration = A'Collaboration';
	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A'Vauthors', A'Authors', args, 'AuthorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			a, author_etal = extract_names (args, 'AuthorList');				-- fetch author list from |authorn= / |lastn= / |firstn=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be
			a, author_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.vauthors, 'AuthorList');	-- fetch author list from |vauthors=, |author-linkn=, and |author-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Authors = A'Authors';												-- use content of |authors=
		end
		if is_set (Collaboration) then
			author_etal = true;													-- so that |display-authors=etal not required
		end
	end
	local Coauthors = A'Coauthors';
	local Others = A'Others';
	local editor_etal;
	local e	= {};																-- editors list from |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn= pairs or |veditors=
	local Editors;
	do																			-- to limit scope of selected
		local selected = select_author_editor_source (A'Veditors', A'Editors', args, 'EditorList');
		if 1 == selected then
			e, editor_etal = extract_names (args, 'EditorList');				-- fetch editor list from |editorn= / |editor-lastn= / |editor-firstn=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 2 == selected then
			NameListFormat = 'vanc';											-- override whatever |name-list-format= might be
			e, editor_etal = parse_vauthors_veditors (args, args.veditors, 'EditorList');	-- fetch editor list from |veditors=, |editor-linkn=, and |editor-maskn=
		elseif 3 == selected then
			Editors = A'Editors';												-- use content of |editors=
		end
	end
	local t = {};																-- translators list from |translator-lastn= / translator-firstn= pairs
	local Translators;															-- assembled translators name list
	t = extract_names (args, 'TranslatorList');									-- fetch translator list from |translatorn= / |translator-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
	
	local c = {};																-- contributors list from |contributor-lastn= / contributor-firstn= pairs
	local Contributors;															-- assembled contributors name list
	local Contribution = A'Contribution';
	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(A'Periodical') then	-- |contributor= and |contribution= only supported in book cites
		c = extract_names (args, 'ContributorList');							-- fetch contributor list from |contributorn= / |contributor-lastn=, -firstn=, -linkn=, -maskn=
		
		if 0 --------------------------------------
Format the four chapter parameters: |script-chapter=, |chapter=, |trans-chapter=, and |chapter-url= into a single Chapter meta-
parameter (chapter_url_source used for error messages). -- 로컬 위에서 통째로 옮김
local function format_chapter_title (scriptchapter, chapter, transchapter, chapterurl, chapter_url_source, no_quotes)
	local chapter_error = ;
	
	if not is_set (chapter) then
		chapter = ;															-- to be safe for concatenation
	else
		if false == no_quotes then
			chapter = kern_quotes (chapter);										-- if necessary, separate chapter title's leading and trailing quote marks from Module provided quote marks
			if "yes" == NoBracket or "true" == NoBracket or "y" == NoBracket or "예" == NoBracket or "참" == NoBracket then	-- 로컬 시작
				chapter = wrap_style ('quoted-title', chapter);
			else
				chapter = wrap_style ('single-bracket', chapter);
			end																		-- 로컬 끝
		end
	end
	chapter = script_concatenate (chapter, scriptchapter)						--  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
	if is_set (transchapter) then
		transchapter = wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', transchapter);
		if is_set (chapter) then
			chapter = chapter ..  ' ' .. transchapter;
		else																	-- here when transchapter without chapter or script-chapter
			chapter = transchapter;												-- 
			chapter_error = ' ' .. set_error ('trans_missing_title', {'장'});	-- 로컬
		end
	end
	if is_set (chapterurl) then
		chapter = external_link (chapterurl, chapter, chapter_url_source);		-- adds bare_url_missing_title error if appropriate
	end
	return chapter .. chapter_error;
end
--check this page to see if it is in one of the namespaces that cs1 is not supposed to add to the error categories
	if not is_set (no_tracking_cats) then										-- ignore if we are already not going to categorize this page
		if in_array (this_page.nsText, cfg.uncategorized_namespaces) then
			no_tracking_cats = "true";											-- set no_tracking_cats
		end
		for _,v in ipairs (cfg.uncategorized_subpages) do						-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				no_tracking_cats = "true";										-- set no_tracking_cats
				break;															-- bail out if one is found
			end
		end
	end
-- check for extra |page=, |pages= or |at= parameters. (also sheet and sheets while we're at it)
	select_one( args, {'page', 'p', 'pp', 'pages', 'at', 'sheet', 'sheets'}, 'redundant_parameters' );		-- this is a dummy call simply to get the error message and category
	local NoPP = A'NoPP' 
	if is_set (NoPP) and is_valid_parameter_value (NoPP, '쪽숨김', cfg.keywords 'yes_true_y') then -- 로컬
		NoPP = true;
	else
		NoPP = nil;																-- unset, used as a flag later
	end
	if is_set(Page) then
		if is_set(Pages) or is_set(At) then
			Pages = ;															-- unset the others
			At = ;
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (Page);										-- add this page to maint cat if |page= value begins with what looks like p. or pp.
	elseif is_set(Pages) then
		if is_set(At) then
			At = ;															-- unset
		end
		extra_text_in_page_check (Pages);										-- add this page to maint cat if |pages= value begins with what looks like p. or pp.
	end	
-- both |publication-place= and |place= (|location=) allowed if different
	if not is_set(PublicationPlace) and is_set(Place) then
		PublicationPlace = Place;							-- promote |place= (|location=) to |publication-place
	end
	
	if PublicationPlace == Place then Place = ; end		-- don't need both if they are the same
	
--article are not modified
local Encyclopedia = A'Encyclopedia';
	if ( config.CitationClass == "encyclopaedia" ) or ( config.CitationClass == "citation" and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then	-- test code for citation
		if is_set(Periodical) then												-- Periodical is set when |encyclopedia is set
			if is_set(Title) or is_set (ScriptTitle) then
				if not is_set(Chapter) then
					Chapter = Title;											-- |encyclopedia and |title are set so map |title to |article and |encyclopedia to |title
					ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
					TransChapter = TransTitle;
					ChapterURL = URL;
					if not is_set (ChapterURL) and is_set (TitleLink) then
						Chapter=  .. Chapter .. ;
					end
					Title = Periodical;
					ChapterFormat = Format;
					Periodical = ;											-- redundant so unset
					TransTitle = ;
					URL = ;
					Format = ;
					TitleLink = ;
					ScriptTitle = ;
				end
			else																-- |title not set
				Title = Periodical;												-- |encyclopedia set and |article set or not set so map |encyclopedia to |title
				Periodical = ;												-- redundant so unset
			end
		end
	end
-- Special case for cite techreport.
	if (config.CitationClass == "techreport") then								-- special case for cite techreport
		if is_set(A'Number') then													-- cite techreport uses 'number', which other citations alias to 'issue'
			if not is_set(ID) then												-- can we use ID for the "number"?
				ID = A'Number';													-- yes, use it
			else																-- ID has a value so emit error message
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error('redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'id') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'number')}, true )});
			end
		end	
	end
-- special case for cite interview
	if (config.CitationClass == "interview") then
		if is_set(Program) then
			if "yes" == NoBracket or "true" == NoBracket or "y" == NoBracket or "예" == NoBracket or "참" == NoBracket then	-- 로컬 시작
					ID = " " .. Program .. ""
			else
					ID = " “" .. Program .. "”";
			end																	-- 로컬 끝
		end
		if is_set(Callsign) then
			if is_set(ID) then
				ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. Callsign;
			else
				ID = ' ' .. Callsign;
			end
		end
		if is_set(City) then
			if is_set(ID) then
				ID = ID .. sepc .. ' ' .. City;
			else
				ID = ' ' .. City;
			end
		end
		if is_set(Others) then
			if is_set(TitleType) then
				Others = ' ' .. Others .. '와의 ' .. TitleType;					-- 로컬 수정 필요
				TitleType = ;
			else
				Others = ' ' .. '인터뷰어: ' .. Others;							-- 로컬
			end
		else
			Others = '(인터뷰)';												-- 로컬
		end
	end
-- special case for cite mailing list
	if (config.CitationClass == "mailinglist") then
		Periodical = A 'MailingList';
	elseif 'mailinglist' == A:ORIGIN('Periodical') then
		Periodical = ;														-- unset because mailing list is only used for cite mailing list
	end
-- Account for the oddity that is , before generation of COinS data.
	if 'conference' == config.CitationClass then
		if is_set(BookTitle) then
			Chapter = Title;
--			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- |chapterlink= is deprecated
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterURLorigin = URLorigin;
			URLorigin = ;
			ChapterFormat = Format;
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			Title = BookTitle;
			Format = ;
--			TitleLink = ;
			TransTitle = ;
			URL = ;
		end
	elseif 'speech' ~= config.CitationClass then
		Conference = ;														-- not cite conference or cite speech so make sure this is empty string
	end
-- cite map oddities
	local Cartography = "";
	local Scale = "";
	local Sheet = A'Sheet' or ;
	local Sheets = A'Sheets' or ;
	if config.CitationClass == "map" then
		Chapter = A'Map';
		ChapterURL = A'MapURL';
		TransChapter = A'TransMap';
		ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('MapURL');
		ChapterFormat = A'MapFormat';
		
		Cartography = A'Cartography';
		if is_set( Cartography ) then
			Cartography = sepc .. " " .. wrap_msg ('cartography', Cartography, use_lowercase);
		end		
		Scale = A'Scale';
		if is_set( Scale ) then
			Scale = sepc .. " " .. Scale;
		end
	end
-- Account for the oddities that are  and , before generation of COinS data.
	if 'episode' == config.CitationClass or 'serial' == config.CitationClass then
		local AirDate = A'AirDate';
		local SeriesLink = A'SeriesLink';
		link_title_ok (SeriesLink, A:ORIGIN ('SeriesLink'), Series, 'series');	-- check for wikimarkup in |series-link= or wikimarkup in |series= when |series-link= is set
		local Network = A'Network';
		local Station = A'Station';
		local s, n = {}, {};
																				-- do common parameters first
		if is_set(Network) then table.insert(n, Network); end
		if is_set(Station) then table.insert(n, Station); end
		ID = table.concat(n, sepc .. ' ');
		
		if not is_set (Date) and is_set (AirDate) then							-- promote airdate to date
			Date = AirDate;
		end
		if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- handle the oddities that are strictly 
			local Season = A'Season';
			local SeriesNumber = A'SeriesNumber';
			if is_set (Season) and is_set (SeriesNumber) then					-- these are mutually exclusive so if both are set
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'redundant_parameters', {wrap_style ('parameter', 'season') .. ' and ' .. wrap_style ('parameter', 'seriesno')}, true ) } );		-- add error message
				SeriesNumber = ;												-- unset; prefer |season= over |seriesno=
			end
																				-- assemble a table of parts concatenated later into Series
			if is_set(Season) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('season', Season, use_lowercase)); end
			if is_set(SeriesNumber) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('series', SeriesNumber, use_lowercase)); end
			if is_set(Issue) then table.insert(s, wrap_msg ('episode', Issue, use_lowercase)); end
			Issue = ;															-- unset because this is not a unique parameter
	
			Chapter = Title;													-- promote title parameters to chapter
			ScriptChapter = ScriptTitle;
			ChapterLink = TitleLink;											-- alias episodelink
			TransChapter = TransTitle;
			ChapterURL = URL;
			ChapterURLorigin = A:ORIGIN('URL');
			
			Title = Series;														-- promote series to title
			TitleLink = SeriesLink;
			Series = table.concat(s, sepc .. ' ');								-- this is concatenation of season, seriesno, episode number
			if is_set (ChapterLink) and not is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- link but not URL
				Chapter =  .. Chapter .. ;		-- ok to wikilink
			elseif is_set (ChapterLink) and is_set (ChapterURL) then			-- if both are set, URL links episode;
				Series =  .. Series .. ;			-- series links with ChapterLink (episodelink -> TitleLink -> ChapterLink) ugly
			end
			URL = ;															-- unset
			TransTitle = ;
			ScriptTitle = ;
			
		else																	-- now oddities that are cite serial
			Issue = ;															-- unset because this parameter no longer supported by the citation/core version of cite serial
			Chapter = A'Episode';												-- TODO: make |episode= available to cite episode someday?
			if is_set (Series) and is_set (SeriesLink) then
				Series =  .. Series .. ;
			end
			Series = wrap_style ('italic-title', Series);						-- series is italicized
		end	
	end
-- end of  stuff
-- Account for the oddities that are , before generation of COinS data.
	if 'arxiv' == config.CitationClass then
		if not is_set (ID_list'ARXIV') then									-- |arxiv= or |eprint= required for cite arxiv
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'arxiv_missing', {}, true ) } );		-- add error message
		elseif is_set (Series) then												-- series is an alias of version
			ID_list'ARXIV' = ID_list'ARXIV' .. Series;						-- concatenate version onto the end of the arxiv identifier
			Series = ;														-- unset
			deprecated_parameter ('version');									-- deprecated parameter but only for cite arxiv
		end
		
		if first_set ({AccessDate, At, Chapter, Format, Page, Pages, Periodical, PublisherName, URL,	-- a crude list of parameters that are not supported by cite arxiv
			ID_list'ASIN', ID_list'BIBCODE', ID_list'DOI', ID_list'ISBN', ID_list'ISSN',
			ID_list'JFM', ID_list'JSTOR', ID_list'LCCN', ID_list'MR', ID_list'NAID', ID_list'OCLC', ID_list'OL',
			ID_list'OSTI', ID_list'PMC', ID_list'PMID', ID_list'RFC', ID_list'S2CID', ID_list'SSRN', ID_list'USENETID', ID_list'ZBL'},27) then
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'arxiv_params_not_supported', {}, true ) } );		-- add error message
				AccessDate= ;													-- set these to empty string; not supported in cite arXiv
				PublisherName = ;												-- (if the article has been published, use cite journal, or other)
				Chapter = ;
				URL = ;
				Format = ;
				Page = ; Pages = ; At = ;
		end
		Periodical = 'arXiv';													-- set to arXiv for COinS; after that, must be set to empty string
	end
-- handle type parameter for those CS1 citations that have default values
	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"AV-media-notes", "DVD-notes", "mailinglist", "map", "podcast", "pressrelease", "report", "techreport", "thesis"}) then
		TitleType = set_titletype (config.CitationClass, TitleType);
		if is_set(Degree) and "Thesis" == TitleType then						-- special case for cite thesis
			TitleType = Degree .. " thesis";
		end
	end
	if is_set(TitleType) then													-- if type parameter is specified
	TitleType = substitute( cfg.messages'type', TitleType);					-- display it in parentheses
	end
-- legacy: promote concatenation of |month=, and |year= to Date if Date not set; or, promote PublicationDate to Date if neither Date nor Year are set.
	if not is_set (Date) then
		Date = Year;															-- promote Year to Date
		Year = nil;																-- make nil so Year as empty string isn't used for CITEREF
		if is_set(Date) then													-- 로컬 시작
			local Month = A'Month';
			if is_set(Month) then
				Date = yearcheck(Date) .. "년" .. " " .. monthcheck(Month) .. "월";
			end
		elseif is_set(PublicationDate) then	-- use PublicationDate when |date= and |year= are not set
			Date = PublicationDate;			-- promote PublicationDate to Date
			PublicationDate = ;			-- unset, no longer needed
		end																		-- 로컬 끝
	end
	if PublicationDate == Date then PublicationDate = ; end					-- if PublicationDate is same as Date, don't display in rendered citation
--
Go test all of the date-holding parameters for valid MOS:DATE format and make sure that dates are real dates. This must be done before we do COinS because here is where
we get the date used in the metadata.
Date validation supporting code is in Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation
	do	-- create defined block to contain local variables error_message, date_parameters_list, mismatch
		local error_message = ;
																				-- AirDate has been promoted to Date so not necessary to check it
		local date_parameters_list = {'access-date'=AccessDate, 'archive-date'=ArchiveDate, 'date'=Date, 'doi-broken-date'=DoiBroken,
				'embargo'=Embargo, 'lay-date'=LayDate, 'publication-date'=PublicationDate, 'year'=Year}; -- 수정 필요? 변경 시 CTIEREF 작동 안 함
		anchor_year, Embargo, error_message = dates(date_parameters_list, COinS_date);
		if is_set (Year) and is_set (Date) then									-- both |date= and |year= not normally needed; 
			local mismatch = year_date_check (Year, Date)
			if 0 == mismatch then												-- |year= does not match a year-value in |date=
				if is_set (error_message) then									-- if there is already an error message
					error_message = error_message .. ', ';						-- tack on this additional message
				end
				error_message = error_message .. '|연도=와 |날짜=가 일치하지 않음'; -- 로컬
			elseif 1 == mismatch then											-- |year= matches year-value in |date=
				add_maint_cat ('date_year');
			end
		end
		if is_set(error_message) then
			table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'bad_date', {error_message}, true ) } );	-- add this error message
		elseif is_set (DF) then
			if reformat_dates (date_parameters_list, DF, false) then			-- reformat to DF format, use long month names if appropriate
				AccessDate = date_parameters_list'access-date';				-- overwrite date holding parameters with reformatted values
				ArchiveDate = date_parameters_list'archive-date';
				Date = date_parameters_list'date';
				DoiBroken = date_parameters_list'doi-broken-date';
				LayDate = date_parameters_list'lay-date';
				PublicationDate = date_parameters_list'publication-date';
			end
		end
	end	-- end of do
-- Account for the oddity that is  with |pmc= set and |url= not set.  Do this after date check but before COInS.
-- Here we unset Embargo if PMC not embargoed (|embargo= not set in the citation) or if the embargo time has expired. Otherwise, holds embargo date
	Embargo = is_embargoed (Embargo);											-- 
	if config.CitationClass == "journal" and not is_set(URL) and is_set(ID_list'PMC') then
		if not is_set (Embargo) then											-- if not embargoed or embargo has expired
			URL=cfg.id_handlers'PMC'.prefix .. ID_list'PMC';				-- set url to be the same as the PMC external link if not embargoed
			URLorigin = cfg.id_handlers'PMC'.parameters1;					-- set URLorigin to parameter name for use in error message if citation is missing a |title=
		end
	end
-- At this point fields may be nil if they weren't specified in the template use.  We can use that fact.
	-- Test if citation has no title
	if	not is_set(Title) and
		not is_set(TransTitle) and
		not is_set(ScriptTitle) then
			if 'episode' == config.CitationClass then							-- special case for cite episode; TODO: is there a better way to do this?
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'citation_missing_title', {'시리즈'}, true ) } ); -- 로컬
			else
				table.insert( z.message_tail, { set_error( 'citation_missing_title', {'제목'}, true ) } ); -- 로컬
			end
	end
	
	if 'none' == Title or '없음' == Title and in_array (config.CitationClass, {'journal', 'citation'}) and is_set (Periodical) and 'journal' == A:ORIGIN('Periodical') then	-- special case for journal cites -- 로컬
		Title = ;																-- set title to empty string
		add_maint_cat ('untitled');
	end
	check_for_url ({															-- add error message when any of these parameters contains a URL
		'title'=Title,
		A:ORIGIN('Chapter')=Chapter,
		A:ORIGIN('Periodical')=Periodical,
		A:ORIGIN('PublisherName') = PublisherName
		});
	-- COinS metadata (see ) for automated parsing of citation information.
	-- handle the oddity that is cite encyclopedia and encyclopedia=something. Here we presume that
	-- when Periodical, Title, and Chapter are all set, then Periodical is the book (encyclopedia) title, Title
	-- is the article title, and Chapter is a section within the article.  So, we remap 
	
	local coins_chapter = Chapter;												-- default assuming that remapping not required
	local coins_title = Title;													-- et tu
	if 'encyclopaedia' == config.CitationClass or ('citation' == config.CitationClass and is_set (Encyclopedia)) then
		if is_set (Chapter) and is_set (Title) and is_set (Periodical) then		-- if all are used then
			coins_chapter = Title;												-- remap
			coins_title = Periodical;
		end
	end
	local coins_author = a;														-- default for coins rft.au 
	if 0  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );
	elseif 'report' == config.CitationClass then								-- no styling for cite report
		Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);						--  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
		TransTitle= wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle );				-- for cite report, use this form for trans-title
	else
		if "yes" == NoBracket or "true" == NoBracket or "y" == NoBracket or "예" == NoBracket or "참" == NoBracket then -- 로컬 시작
			Title = wrap_style ('italic-title2', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);					--  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle);
		else
			Title = wrap_style ('italic-title', Title);
			Title = script_concatenate (Title, ScriptTitle);						--  tags, lang atribute, categorization, etc; must be done after title is wrapped
			TransTitle = wrap_style ('trans-quoted-title', TransTitle);
		end																		-- 로컬 끝
	end
	local TransError = "";
	if is_set(TransTitle) then
		if is_set(Title) then
			TransTitle = " " .. TransTitle;
		else
			TransError = " " .. set_error( 'trans_missing_title', {'제목'} );	-- 로컬
		end
	end
	
	Title = Title .. TransTitle;
	
	if is_set(Title) then
		if not is_set(TitleLink) and is_set(URL) then
			Title = external_link( URL, Title, URLorigin ) .. TransError .. Format;
-- this experiment hidden 2016-04-10; see Help_talk:Citation_Style_1#Recycled_urls
--			local temp_title = external_link( URL, Title, URLorigin ) .. TransError .. Format;	-- do this so we get error message even if url is usurped no archive
--			if in_array (DeadURL, {'unfit no archive', 'usurped no archive'}) then	-- when url links to inappropriate location and there is no archive of original source available
--				local err_msg
--				if temp_title:match ('%%S+%s+(.+)%(... tags
		PostScript = "";														-- cs1|2 does not supply terminal punctuation when |quote= is set
	end
	
	local Archived
	if is_set(ArchiveURL) then
		if not is_set(ArchiveDate) then
			ArchiveDate = set_error('archive_missing_date');
		else																	-- 로컬
			ArchiveDate = ISOdate(ArchiveDate, lang, '1-999');					-- 로컬
		end
		if "live" == UrlStatus or "라이브" == UrlStatus then
			local arch_text = cfg.messages'archived';
			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute ( cfg.messages'archived-live',
				{ external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL'), nil ) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
				Archived = Archived .. " " .. set_error ('archive_missing_url');							   
			end		
		elseif "no" == DeadURL or "아니오" == DeadURL or "거짓" == DeadURL then		-- 로컬
			local arch_text = cfg.messages'archived';
			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( cfg.messages'archived-not-dead',
				{ external_link( ArchiveURL, arch_text, A:ORIGIN('ArchiveURL') ) .. ArchiveFormat, ArchiveDate } );
			if not is_set(OriginalURL) then
				Archived = Archived .. " " .. set_error('archive_missing_url');							   
			end
		elseif is_set(OriginalURL) then											-- DeadURL is empty, 'yes', 'true', 'y', 'unfit', 'usurped'
			local arch_text = cfg.messages'archived-dead';
			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			if in_array (DeadURL, {'unfit', 'usurped', '부적절'}) then			-- 로컬
				Archived = sepc .. " " .. ArchiveDate .. '에 원본 문서에서 보존된 문서';	-- format already styled -- 로컬
			else																-- DeadURL is empty, 'yes', 'true', or 'y'
				Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text,
					{ external_link( OriginalURL, cfg.messages'original', OriginalURLorigin ) .. OriginalFormat, ArchiveDate } );	-- format already styled
			end	
		else
			local arch_text = cfg.messages'archived-missing';
			if sepc ~= "." then arch_text = arch_text:lower() end
			Archived = sepc .. " " .. substitute( arch_text, 
				{ set_error('archive_missing_url'), ArchiveDate } );
		end
	elseif is_set (ArchiveFormat) then
		Archived = ArchiveFormat;												-- if set and ArchiveURL not set ArchiveFormat has error message
	else
		Archived = ""
	end
	
	local Lay = ;
	if is_set(LayURL) then
		if is_set(LayDate) then LayDate = " (" .. ISOdate(LayDate, lang, '1-999') .. ")" end -- 로컬
		if is_set(LaySource) then 
			LaySource = " – " .. LaySource;								-- 로컬
		else
			LaySource = "";
		end
		if sepc == '.' then
			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages'lay summary', A:ORIGIN('LayURL') ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
		else
			Lay = sepc .. " " .. external_link( LayURL, cfg.messages'lay summary':lower(), A:ORIGIN('LayURL') ) .. LayFormat .. LaySource .. LayDate
		end			
	elseif is_set (LayFormat) then												-- Test if |lay-format= is given without giving a |lay-url=
		Lay = sepc .. LayFormat;												-- if set and LayURL not set, then LayFormat has error message
	end
	if is_set(Transcript) then
		if is_set(TranscriptURL) then
			Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, Transcript, TranscriptURLorigin );
		end
		Transcript = sepc .. ' ' .. Transcript .. TranscriptFormat;
	elseif is_set(TranscriptURL) then
		Transcript = external_link( TranscriptURL, nil, TranscriptURLorigin );
	end
	local Publisher;
	if is_set(Periodical) and
		not in_array(config.CitationClass, {"encyclopaedia","web","pressrelease","podcast"}) then
		if is_set(PublisherName) then
			if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
				Publisher = PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName;
			else
				Publisher = PublisherName;  
			end
		elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then
			Publisher= PublicationPlace;
		else 
			Publisher = "";
		end
		if is_set(PublicationDate) then
			if is_set(Publisher) then
				Publisher = Publisher .. ", " .. wrap_msg ('published', ISOdate(PublicationDate, lang, '1-999') ); -- 로컬
			else
				Publisher = ISOdate(PublicationDate, lang, '1-999'); 			-- 로컬
			end
		end
		if is_set(Publisher) then
			Publisher = " (" .. Publisher .. ")";
		end
	else
		if is_set(PublicationDate) then
			PublicationDate = " (" .. wrap_msg ('published', ISOdate(PublicationDate, lang, '1-999')) .. ")"; -- 로컬
		end
		if is_set(PublisherName) then
			if is_set(PublicationPlace) then
				Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. ": " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;
			else
				Publisher = sepc .. " " .. PublisherName .. PublicationDate;  
			end			
		elseif is_set(PublicationPlace) then 
			Publisher= sepc .. " " .. PublicationPlace .. PublicationDate;
		else 
			Publisher = PublicationDate;
		end
	end
	
	-- Several of the above rely upon detecting this as nil, so do it last.
	if is_set(Periodical) then
		if "yes" == NoBracket or "true" == NoBracket or "y" == NoBracket or "예" == NoBracket or "참" == NoBracket then	-- 로컬 시작
			Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap_style ('italic-title2', Periodical) 
		elseif is_set(Title) or is_set(TitleNote) then 							-- 로컬 끝
			Periodical = sepc .. " " .. wrap_style ('italic-title', Periodical) 
		else 
			Periodical = wrap_style ('italic-title', Periodical)
		end
	end
--event= parameter value (if provided).
	if "speech" == config.CitationClass then				-- cite speech only
		TitleNote = " (연설)";							-- annotate the citation -- 로컬
		if is_set (Periodical) then							-- if Periodical, perhaps because of an included |website= or |journal= parameter 
			if is_set (Conference) then						-- and if |event= is set
				Conference = Conference .. sepc .. " ";		-- then add appropriate punctuation to the end of the Conference variable before rendering
			end
		end
	end
	-- Piece all bits together at last.  Here, all should be non-nil.
	-- We build things this way because it is more efficient in LUA
	-- not to keep reassigning to the same string variable over and over.
	local tcommon;
	local tcommon2;																-- used for book cite when |contributor= is set
	
	if in_array(config.CitationClass, {"journal","citation"}) and is_set(Periodical) then
		if is_set(Others) then Others = Others .. sepc .. " " end
		tcommon = safe_join( {Others, Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, 
			Language, Edition, Publisher, Agency, Volume}, sepc );
		
	elseif in_array(config.CitationClass, {"book","citation"}) and not is_set(Periodical) then		-- special cases for book cites
		if is_set (Contributors) then											-- when we are citing foreword, preface, introduction, etc
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote}, sepc );					-- author and other stuff will come after this and before tcommon2
			tcommon2 = safe_join( {Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
		else
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
		end
	elseif 'map' == config.CitationClass then									-- special cases for cite map
		if is_set (Chapter) then												-- map in a book; TitleType is part of Chapter
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
		elseif is_set (Periodical) then											-- map in a periodical
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Periodical, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher, Volume}, sepc );
		else																	-- a sheet or stand-alone map
			tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleType, Format, Edition, Scale, Series, Language, Cartography, Others, Publisher}, sepc );
		end
		
	elseif 'episode' == config.CitationClass then								-- special case for cite episode
		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, TitleType, Series, Transcript, Language, Edition, Publisher}, sepc );
	else																		-- all other CS1 templates
		tcommon = safe_join( {Title, TitleNote, Conference, Periodical, Format, TitleType, Series, Language, 
			Volume, Others, Edition, Publisher, Agency}, sepc );
	end
	
	if #ID_list > 0 then
		ID_list = safe_join( { sepc .. " ",  table.concat( ID_list, sepc .. " " ), ID }, sepc );
	else
		ID_list = ID;
	end
	
	local idcommon = safe_join( { ID_list, URL, Archived, AccessDate, Via, SubscriptionRequired, Lay, Quote }, sepc );
	local text;
	local pgtext = Position .. Sheet .. Sheets .. Page .. Pages .. At;
	if is_set(Date) then
		if is_set (Authors) or is_set (Editors) then							-- date follows authors or editors when authors not set
			Date = " (" .. ISOdate(Date, lang, '1-999') ..")" .. OrigYear .. sepc .. " ";				-- in paranetheses -- 로컬
		else																	-- neither of authors and editors set
			if (string.sub(tcommon,-1,-1) == sepc) then							-- if the last character of tcommon is sepc
				Date = " " .. ISOdate(Date, lang, '1-999') .. OrigYear;									-- Date does not begin with sepc -- 로컬
			else
				Date = sepc .. " " .. ISOdate(Date, lang, '1-999') .. OrigYear;							-- Date begins with sepc -- 로컬
			end
		end
	end	
	if is_set(Authors) then
		if is_set(Coauthors) then
			if 'vanc' == NameListFormat then									-- separate authors and coauthors with proper name-list-separator
				Authors = Authors .. ', ' .. Coauthors;
			else
				Authors = Authors .. '; ' .. Coauthors;
			end
		end
		if not is_set (Date) then												-- when date is set it's in parentheses; no Authors termination
			Authors = terminate_name_list (Authors, sepc);						-- when no date, terminate with 0 or 1 sepc and a space
		end
		if is_set(Editors) then
			local in_text = " ";
			local post_text = "";
			if is_set(Chapter) and 0 == #c then
				in_text = in_text .. cfg.messages'in' .. " "
				if (sepc ~= '.') then in_text = in_text:lower() end				-- lowercase for cs2
			else
				if EditorCount  element
	local options = {};
	
	if is_set(config.CitationClass) and config.CitationClass ~= "citation" then
		options.class = config.CitationClass;
		options.class = "citation " .. config.CitationClass;					-- class=citation required for blue highlight when used with |ref=
	else
		options.class = "citation";
	end
	
	if is_set(Ref) and Ref:lower() ~= "none" then								-- set reference anchor if appropriate
		local id = Ref
		if ('harv' == Ref ) then
			local namelist = {};												-- holds selected contributor, author, editor name list
			local year = first_set ({Year, anchor_year}, 2);					-- Year first for legacy citations and for YMD dates that require disambiguation
			if #c > 0 then														-- if there is a contributor list
				namelist = c;													-- select it
			elseif #a > 0 then													-- or an author list
				namelist = a;
			elseif #e > 0 then													-- or an editor list
				namelist = e;
			end
			id = anchor_id (namelist, year);									-- go make the CITEREF anchor
		end
		options.id = id;
	end
	
	if string.len(text:gsub("/*>.-", ""):gsub("%b","")) ... tags
		text = substitute (cfg.presentation'cite-id', {mw.uri.anchorEncode(options.id), mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text});	-- when |ref= is set
	else
		text = substitute (cfg.presentation'cite', {mw.text.nowiki(options.class), text});	-- all other cases
	end		
	text = text .. substitute (cfg.presentation'ocins', {OCinSoutput});		-- append metadata to the citation
	
	if #z.message_tail ~= 0 then
		text = text .. " ";
		for i,v in ipairs( z.message_tail ) do
			if is_set(v1) then
				if i == #z.message_tail then
					text = text .. error_comment( v1, v2 );
				else
					text = text .. error_comment( v1 .. "; ", v2 );
				end
			end
		end
	end
	if #z.maintenance_cats ~= 0 then
		text = text .. ;
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories
			text = text .. ' ' .. v .. ' (링크)';			-- 로컬
		end
		text = text .. ;	-- maintenance mesages (realy just the names of the categories for now)
	end
	
	no_tracking_cats = no_tracking_cats:lower();
	if in_array(no_tracking_cats, {"", "no", "false", "n", "아니오", "거짓"}) then
		for _, v in ipairs( z.error_categories ) do
			text = text .. '분류:' .. v ..;								-- 로컬
		end
		for _, v in ipairs( z.maintenance_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories
			text = text .. '분류:' .. v ..;								-- 로컬
		end
		for _, v in ipairs( z.properties_cats ) do								-- append maintenance categories
			text = text .. '분류:' .. v ..;								-- 로컬
		end
	end
	
	return text
end
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is used by templates such as  to create the actual citation text.
function cs1.citation(frame)
	local pframe = frame:getParent()
	local validation, identifiers, metadata;
	
	if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the  use sandbox version?
		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration/sandbox');		-- load sandbox versions of support modules
		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist/sandbox');
		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities/sandbox');
		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation/sandbox');
		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers/sandbox');
		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS/sandbox');
		
	else																		-- otherwise
		cfg = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration');				-- load live versions of support modules
		whitelist = mw.loadData ('Module:Citation/CS1/Whitelist');
		utilities = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities');
		validation = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Date_validation');
		identifiers = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/Identifiers');
		metadata = require ('Module:Citation/CS1/COinS');
	end
	utilities.set_selected_modules (cfg);										-- so that functions in Utilities can see the cfg tables
	identifiers.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);							-- so that functions in Identifiers can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	validation.set_selected_modules (utilities);								-- so that functions in Date validataion can see the selected Utilities module
	metadata.set_selected_modules (cfg, utilities);								-- so that functions in COinS can see the selected cfg tables and selected Utilities module
	dates = validation.dates;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Date validation
	year_date_check = validation.year_date_check;
	reformat_dates = validation.reformat_dates;
	
	is_set = utilities.is_set;													-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	in_array = utilities.in_array;
	substitute = utilities.substitute;
	error_comment = utilities.error_comment;
	set_error = utilities.set_error;
	select_one = utilities.select_one;
	add_maint_cat = utilities.add_maint_cat;
	wrap_style = utilities.wrap_style;
	safe_for_italics = utilities.safe_for_italics;
	remove_wiki_link = utilities.remove_wiki_link;
	z = utilities.z;															-- table of error and category tables in Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	extract_ids = identifiers.extract_ids;										-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/Utilities
	build_id_list = identifiers.build_id_list;
	is_embargoed = identifiers.is_embargoed;
	
	make_coins_title = metadata.make_coins_title;								-- imported functions from Module:Citation/CS1/COinS
	get_coins_pages = metadata.get_coins_pages;
	COinS = metadata.COinS;
	
	local args = {};
	local suggestions = {};
	local error_text, error_state;
	local config = {};
	for k, v in pairs( frame.args ) do
		configk = v;
		argsk = v;	   
	end	
	local capture;																-- the single supported capture when matching unknown parameters using patterns
	for k, v in pairs( pframe.args ) do
		if v ~=  then
			if not validate( k ) then			
				error_text = "";
				if type( k ) ~= 'string' then
					-- Exclude empty numbered parameters
					if v:match("%S+") ~= nil then
						error_text, error_state = set_error( 'text_ignored', {v}, true );
					end
				elseif validate( k:lower() ) then 
					error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, k:lower()}, true );
				else
					if nil == suggestions.suggestions then						-- if this table is nil then we need to load it
						if nil ~= string.find (frame:getTitle(), 'sandbox', 1, true) then			-- did the  use sandbox version?
							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions/sandbox' );	-- use the sandbox version
						else
							suggestions = mw.loadData( 'Module:Citation/CS1/Suggestions' );			-- use the live version
						end
					end
					for pattern, param in pairs (suggestions.patterns) do		-- loop through the patterns to see if we can suggest a proper parameter
						capture = k:match (pattern);							-- the whole match if no caputre in pattern else the capture if a match
						if capture then											-- if the pattern matches 
							param = substitute( param, capture );				-- add the capture to the suggested parameter (typically the enumerator)
							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, param}, true );	-- set the error message
						end
					end
					if not is_set (error_text) then								-- couldn't match with a pattern, is there an expicit suggestion?
						if suggestions.suggestions k:lower()  ~= nil then
							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored_suggest', {k, suggestions.suggestions k:lower() }, true );
						else
							error_text, error_state = set_error( 'parameter_ignored', {k}, true );
						end
					end
				end				  
				if error_text ~=  then
					table.insert( z.message_tail, {error_text, error_state} );
				end				
			end
			missing_pipe_check (v);												-- do we think that there is a parameter that is missing a pipe?
			
			argsk = v;
		elseif argsk ~= nil or (k == 'postscript') then
			argsk = v;
		end		
	end	
	for k, v in pairs( args ) do
		if 'string' == type (k) then											-- don't evaluate positional parameters
			has_invisible_chars (k, v);
		end
	end
	return citation0( config, args)
end
return cs1;