비교역사학

비교역사학은 같은 시대에 존재했거나 비슷한 문화적 조건을 공유했던 여러 사회를 비교하는 것이다.
사회비교역사학은 몽테스키외, 볼테르, 애덤 스미스 등으로 대표되는 18세기 계몽주의 지식인들 사이에서 중요한 전문분야로 등장했다. 19세기 사회학자와 경제학자들은 드 토크빌, 마르크스, 베버가 예시하는 것처럼 종종 비교역사학을 탐구했다.
20세기 전반에는 (독일인) 오스발트 슈펭글러, (러시아계 미국인) 피티림 소로킨, 그리고 (영국인) 아널드 J. 토인비의 비교사를 따라가는 대규모 독서 대중이 있었다. 그러나 1950년대 이후 비교사는 대중의 시야에서 사라지고 이제는 전문학자들의 독립적인 영역이 되었다.
배링턴 무어, 세이무어 마틴 립셋, 찰스 틸리, 마이클 만을 비롯한 몇몇 사회학자들도 이 분야에서 유명하다.
역사가들은 일반적으로 서로 다른 사회의 특정 제도(은행, 여성의 권리, 인종적 정체성)를 비교하는 것을 받아들인다. 그러나 1950년대 토인비에 대한 적대적인 반응 이후로 일반적으로 전 세계의 광범위한 범위를 포괄하는 포괄적인 비교 연구에는 별로 관심을 두지 않는다.

**각주**

**참고 자료**
 Barraclough; Geoffrey. Main Trends in History, ; Holmes & Meier, 1979  online version url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110918151905/https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=105793227- Cohen, Deborah and Maura O'Connor; Comparison and History: Europe in Cross-National Perspective. Routledge, 2004  online edition- Cooper, Frederick. "Race, Ideology, and the Perils of Comparative History," American Historical Review, 101:4 (October 1996), 1122–1138.  in JSTOR- Detienne, Marcel. Comparing the Incomparable Stanford University Press (2008)- Frederickson, George M. "From Exceptionalism to Variability: Recent Developments in Cross-National Comparative History." Journal of American History  82:2 (September 1995), 587–604.   in JSTOR- Guarneri, Carl. "Reconsidering C. Vann Woodward's The Comparative Approach to American History," Reviews in American History, Volume 23, Number 3, September 1995, pp. 552-563 10.1353/rah.1995.0076- Halperin, Charles J. et al. "AHR Forum: Comparative History in Theory and Practice: A Discussion." American Historical Review, 87:1 (February 1982), 123–143.   in JSTOR- Haupt, Heinz-Gerhard. "Comparative History," in Neil J. Smelser et al. eds. International Encyclopedia of Social and Behavioral Sciences (2001) 4:2397–2403.- Hill, Alette Olin and Boyd H. Hill. "AHR Forum: Marc Bloch and Comparative History." The American Historical Review 85:4 (October 1980), 828–846.   in JSTOR- Hroch, Miroslav. Comparative Studies in Modern European History Ashgate Variorum 2007- Iriye, Akire. "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review Vol. 94, No. 1 (Feb., 1989), pp. 1–10  in JSTOR- Mazlish, Bruce. Conceptualizing Global History. Westview Press, 1993.- McGerr, Michael. "The Price of the 'New Transnational History.'" American Historical Review 96:4 (October 1991), 1056–1067.  in JSTOR- Magnaghi; Russell M. Herbert E. Bolton and the Historiography of the Americas Greenwood Press, 1998  online edition url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119201700/https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=9162976- Meritt, Richard L. and Stein Rokkan, editors. Comparing Nations: The Use of Quantitative Data in Cross-National Research. Yale University Press, 1966.- Rusen, Jorn. "Some Theoretical Approaches to Intercultural Comparative Historiography." History and Theory 35:4 (December 1996), 5–22.- Skocpol, Theda, and Margaret Somers. "The uses of comparative history in macrosocial inquiry." Comparative studies in society and history (1980) 22#2 pp: 174–197.- Stoler, Ann L. "Tense and Tender Ties: The Politics of Comparison in North American History and (Post) Colonial Studies." Journal of American History (Dec 2001), 831–864.  in JSTOR- Tipps, Dean. "Modernization Theory and the Comparative Study of Societies: A Critical Perspective." Comparative Studies in Society and History 15:2 (1973), 199–226.- Welskopp, Thomas:  Comparative History, European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History, 2010, retrieved: June 14, 2012.

**세계사**
 Bayly,  C. A. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780-1914 (2003)- Black, Cyril Edwin. The dynamics of modernization: a study in comparative history (Harper & Row, 1966)- Doyle, Michael W. Empires. Cornell University Press. 1986.  online edition url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119222821/https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=103731131- Eisenstadt, S.N. The Political Systems of Empires (1968),- Gombrich, Ernst.  "A Little History of the World" (1936 & 1995)- Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers: Economic Change and Military Conflict from 1500 to 2000 (Random House, 1987)- Klooster, Wim. Revolutions in the Atlantic World: A Comparative History (2009)- Lieberman, Victor. Strange Parallels: Volume 2, Mainland Mirrors: Europe, Japan, China, South Asia, and the Islands: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c.800-1830 (2009)- Mann, Michael. The sources of social power (1993)- McNeill, William H. "The Rise of the West: A History the Human Community" (1963)- Osterhammel, Jürgen. The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century (2014)- Palmer, Robert R. Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800 (2 vol 1966)- Rosenberg, Emily, et al. eds. A World Connecting: 1870-1945 (2012)- Smith, S.A. Revolution and the People in Russia and China: A Comparative History (2009)- Sorokin; Pitirim A. Social Philosophies of an Age of Crisis. 1950  online edition url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119212649/https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=59413264- Sorokin; Pitirim A.  Social and Cultural Dynamics (4 vol 1932; one-vol. edn., 1959).- Spengler; Oswald. The decline of the West 2 vol (1918)- Tilly, Charles. Big Structures, Large Processes, Huge Comparisons. Russell Sage Foundation, 1984.- Toynbee, Arnold J.  A Study Of History 12 vol (1934–61); (2 vol abridgment 1957)  online abridged version v. 1-6 url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101119214557/https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=98819969- Voegelin, Eric. Order and History, 5 vol (1956–75)- Woodward, C. Vann, ed. The Comparative Approach to American History (1968)
분류:사학사
분류:역사적 분야