エドガー・イップ・ハーバーグ

エドガー・イプセル・"イップ"・ハーバーグ（Edgar Yipsel "Yip" Harburg、1896年4月8日 - 1981年3月5日）は、アメリカのポピュラーソングの作詞家、台本作家である。後に作曲も行った。
本名イシドア・ホックバーグ（Isidore Hochberg）。
著名な歌詞として、"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?"や"April in Paris"や"It's Only a Paper Moon"、『オズの魔法使』の「虹の彼方に」などがある。

**生い立ち**
ハーバーグは1896年4月8日にニューヨークのマンハッタンで生まれた。彼の父であるルイス・ハーバーグと母であるメアリー・ライシングはイディッシュ語を話す正統派（ユダヤ教徒）ユダヤ教徒であり、ロシアからの移民であった。高校時代にアイラ・ガーシュウィンと知り合った。
1921年にニューヨーク市立大学を卒業し、その後、電気装置会社の共同経営者になるが、1929年の世界大恐慌のために倒産してしまう。これを契機に作曲家としての人生をスタートさせる。

**代表歌**
"Over the Rainbow" (1939)
*"Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?" with composer Jay Gorney (1932)『兄弟、10ドル恵んでくれないか？』の意。大恐慌を象徴し、大恐慌時代の共感を受けて流行した曲。
*Last Night When We Were Young ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲 (1935)
*"Cabin in the Sky"：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1943)
*"The Eagle and Me" ：ハロルド・アーレン作曲(1944)
*"April in Paris"
*"It's Only a Paper Moon"
*"Lydia the Tattooed Lady"
*"How Are Things in Glocca Morra?"
*"Old Devil Moon"
*"Then I'll Be Tired of You"
*"When the Idle Poor Become the Idle Rich"
*"Down with Love"
*"Free and Equal Blues" performed by Josh White

**レヴュー**
Earl Carroll's Sketchbook of 1929 (1929) - co-composer and co-lyricist with Jay Gorney
*Garrick Gaieties (1930) - contributing lyricist
*Earl Carroll's Vanities of 1930 (1930) - contributing songwriter
*The Vanderbilt Revue (1930) - contributing lyricist
*Ziegfeld Follies of 1931 (1931) - featured lyricist for "Mailu"
*Shoot the Works (1931) - contributing composer and lyricist
*Ballyhoo of 1932 (1932) - lyricist
*Americana (1932) - lyricist.  The Revue include "Brother Can You Spare a Dime?"
*Walk A Little Faster (1932) - lyricist
*Ziegfeld Follies of 1934 (1934) - primary lyricist (for about half of the numbers)
*Life Begins at 8:40 (1934) - co-lyricist with Ira Gershwin
*The Show is On (1936) - featured lyricist
*Blue Holiday (1945) - all-Black cast - contributing composer and lyricist
*At Home With Ethel Waters (1953) - featured lyricist for "Happiness is Jes' a Thing Called Joe"

**遺作**
A Day in Hollywood / A Night in the Ukraine (1980) - featured lyricist for "Over the Rainbow"
*Jerome Kern Goes to Hollywood (1986) - featured lyricist to music by Jerome Kern
*Mostly Sondheim (2002) - featured lyricist

**ミュージカル**
Hooray for What! (1937) - lyricist and originator
*Hold On to Your Hats (1940) - lyricist
*Bloomer Girl (1944) - lyricist, originator and director for musical numbers
*Finian's Rainbow (1947) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
**Revived in 1955, 1960, 2009
*Flahooley (1951) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter
*Jamaica (1957) - lyricist, originator and co-bookwriter - Tony Nomination for Best Musical
*The Happiest Girl in the World (1961) - originator and lyricist to music by Jacques Offenbach and originator of the story, based on Lysistrata by Aristophanes
*Darling of the Day (1968) - lyricist

**映画**
Moonlight and Pretzels - 1933
*The Singing Kid - 1936
*踊る三十七年 Golddiggers of 1937 - 1936
*The Wizard of Oz - 1939
*At the Circus - 1939
*ブロードウェイBabes on Broadway - 1941
*Ship Ahoy - 1942
*Cabin in the Sky - 1943  Harburg's song "Aint It The Truth" expressing religious skepticism was removed
*Can't Help Singing - 1944
*Gay Purr-ee - 1962
*Finian's Rainbow - 1968

**本**
Rhymes for the Irreverent (1965)
*At This Point in Rhyme (1976)
*Over the Rainbow (2000)

**参照**

**参考**
Meyerson, Harold and Ernie Harburg. Who Put the Rainbow in the Wizard of Oz: Yip Harburg, Lyricist, University of Michigan Press, (1993).  ISBN 0-472-10482-9
*Alonso, Harriet. "Yip Harburg: Legendary Lyricist and Human Rights Activist," Wesleyan University Press (2012). ISBN 978-08195-7128-1

**外部リンク**
Yip Harburg
*Yip Harburg
*Yip Harburg- The Yip Harburg Foundation website- Biography of Harburg from USPS- "A Tribute to Yip Harburg: The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz", a Democracy Now! special, including audio/video clips of Yip Harburg, and an extended interview with his son and biographer, Ernie Harburg (video, audio, and print transcript)
*EY_Harburg- E. Y. Harburg papers (first installment) and  E. Y. Harburg papers (second installment) held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts- E. Y. Harburg scores (his personal collection), held in the  Music Division of the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
*label=Yip Harburg- Celebrated Lyricist Yip Harburg's Rhymes For The Irreverent Released February 2, 2006 article on The Freedom From Religion Foundation's website- April 29, 2006 - Somewhere Over the Rainbow . . . Rhymes for the Irreverent Freedom From Religion Foundation's Podcast
*Over The Rainbow With Yip Harburg (BBC Radio 4 programme)- The Man Who Put the Rainbow in The Wizard of Oz by Amy Goodman- 1920 passport photo of Yip Harburg(courtesy of the puzzlemaster, flickr.com)
*Yip Harburg - Over The Rainbow
*Yip Harburg - Brother, Can You Spare A Dime?