ルカ・フランチェスコーニ

ルカ・フランチェスコーニ（Luca Francesconi、 1956年 - ）は、イタリアの現代音楽の作曲家。現在はスウェーデンで教鞭を取る。

**略歴**
1996年に山口県に来日した時の自叙では「電子オルガンの伴奏屋からプロのジャズピアニストに転向し、ジャズのフュージョン化に疑問を感じてクラシックの音楽の勉強を一からやり直した」あとで、前衛音楽への道に入った。後にルチアーノ・ベリオの有力アシスタントとして勤務し、アツィオ・コルギ、カールハインツ・シュトックハウゼン他に師事。アゴン・アクスティカ・インフォマティカ・ムジカを創設し、テクノロジーと音楽との関係を探索。その努力は声楽とエレクトロニクスを使った作品「エティモ」に顕著である。
ドイツのダルムシュタットでクラーニヒシュタイン音楽賞を作曲部門で受賞し、1994年にジーメンス音楽賞若手対象奨励賞とイタリア賞を受賞して評価が確定する。早期に国外で仕事をした結果、当然母国よりも海外の支持が上回り、現在も多くの委嘱に答えている。2002年度には、2度目のイタリア賞を受賞する。
セリエルという楽語で表現するのを避けているが、彼の音楽も全ての素材がさまざまな比率の中で蠢く正嫡の現代音楽である。ヴァイオリンソロのための「デュオロン」では、冒頭に提示した音数と休符数の比率が徐々に楽曲を侵食する。しかし、クラシック音楽以外の音楽に詳しかったためか、彼の音楽は時として現代音楽のおとなしさを打破するほどの苛烈なパワーとスピードに満ちており、これは現在の作風にもいえることである。近年は視覚的要素を伴う大作の発表が多い。

**主要作品**
I Quartetto, per strings, 1977
*Passacaglia per grande orchestra, 1982
*Concertante per guitar and ensemble,Tanglewood 1982
*Viaggiatore insonne per soprano and cinque strumenti (text by Sandro Penna), 1983
*Notte per mezzosoprano and 19 instruments (text by Sandro Penna), 1983–1984
*Suite 1984 per orchestra, African percussionists and jazz quintet with the Orchestra of the Ente Lirico di Cagliari, the Franco D'Andrea's band and Africa Djolé from Ivory Coast, directed by the composer, 1984
*Finta-di-nulla per soprano and 19 instruments (text by Umberto Fiori), 1985
*Onda sonante for 8 instruments, 1985
*Vertige per string orchestra, 1985
*Da capo for 9 instruments, 1985–1986
*Encore/Da capo for 9 instruments, 1985–1995
*Impulse II per clarinet, violin e piano, 1985, 1995
*Al di là dell'oceano famoso, per 8 solo mixed voices, Netherland Radio Chamber Choir, 1985
*Secondo quartetto (Mondriaan Quartet)
*Tracce, per flute, 1985-1987
*Plot in fiction per bassoon, English horn and 11 instruments, 1986
*Respiro per trombone solo, 1987
*Trama per saxophone and orchestra, 1987
*Mambo, per pianoforte solo, 1987
*Attesa per reed quartet, 1988
*La voce, folk song per soprano and 13 instruments (text by Umberto Fiori), 1988
*Aeuia per baritono and 11 instruments (based on a text by di Jacopone da Todi), 1989
*Les barricades mystérieuses per flauto and orchestra, 1989
*Piccola trama per saxophone and 8 instruments, 1989
*Richiami II - 1° study on memory, 1989–1992
*Memoria per orchestra, 1990
*Secondo Concerto for bassoon and chamber orchestra, 1991
*Mittel per five moving bands, 1991
*Riti neurali, 3° study on memory per violin e 8 instruments, 1991
*Islands concerto per piano and chamber orchestra, 1992
*Miniature per 16 instruments, 1992
*Voci per soprano, violin and magnetic tape (text by Umberto Fiori), 1992
*Aria per wind octet, 1993
*Plot II per saxophone and 15 instruments, 1993
*Risonanze d'Orfeo, suite per wind orchestra from'Orfeo di Claudio Monteverdi, 1993
*Trama II per clarinet, orchestra and live electronics, 1993
*Terzo quartetto "Mirrors" per strings, Arditti Quartet, De Singel Antwerpen, 1994
*Ballata del rovescio del mondo, radio-opera on texts by Umberto Fiori, 1994
*Etymo per soprano, chamber orchestra andlive electronic, from Charles Baudelaire, commission by IRCAM per soprano, Ensemble InterContemporain, conductor Pascal Rophé, soprano Luisa Castellani, Klangregie by the composer,1994
*A fuoco - 4° study on memory per guitar and ensemble, 1995
*Animus per trombone and live electronics, 1995–1996
*Inquieta limina. Un omaggio a Berio per ensemble with accordion, 1996
*Venti Radio-Lied, radiofilms, texts by Umberto Fiori, with Moni Ovadia e Phillis Blanford1996–1997
*Sirene/Gespenster, Heathen Oratorio per female quire in four cantorie, brasses, percussions and electronics, 1996–1997
*Striaz, video-opera per 4 female quires and electronic, production Mittelfest/Video: Studio Azzurro, 1996
*Ballata, opera, 1996–1999, text by Umberto Fiori from The Rhyme of an Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, commission by Théâtre de la Monnaie di Bruxelles, conductor Kazushi Ono per la stage director Achim Freyer
*Respondit, due madrigals by Carlo Gesualdo transcripted and revised per 5 instruments with an electronic spacing, 1997
*Lips, Eyes Bang, per actress/singer, 12 instruments, audio e video in real time, Amsterdam, Nieuw Ensemble, AGON, Studio Azzurro, STEIM, voice Phyllis Blandford, 1998.
*Memoria II per orchestra, 1998
*Wanderer per great orchestra, January 2000 Teatro alla Scala, Milano conductor Riccardo Muti, Filarmonica della Scala
*Cobalt, Scarlet. Two Colours of Dawn per grande orchestra, 1999–2000
*Terre del Rimorso, (finished in 2001), commissione d'État francese per soli, coro e orchestra, per il Festival di Strasburgo, 6 ottobre 2001, SWR Symphonie Orchester e Vokalensemble Stuttgart, direttore Péter Eötvös, 2000-2001
*Aria Novella, per double quartet, Parigi, Ensemble Itinéraire, 2001
*Let me Bleed, Requiem per Carlo Giuliani per mixed quire a cappella, on texts by Attilio Bertolucci, 2001 Swedish Radio Choir, SWR Vokalensemble Stuttgart, RSO Stuttgart, Eötvös
*Buffa opera texts by Stefano Benni, singer and actor Antonio Albanese, 2002
*Controcanto, ensemble of 10 to 25 instruments, world premiere in Bruxelles, Palais des Beaux-Arts, Ensemble Ictus, conductor Georges-Elie Octors, 2003
*Cello concerto "Rest" Quartetto d'archi di Torino, Ensemble Intercontemporain, Orchestra Sinfonica Nazionale della RAI, Pierre Boulez, Roberto Abbado
*Gesualdo Considered as a Murderer, opera, libretto by Vittorio Sermonti, 2004
*Quarto Quartetto I voli di Niccolò, string quartet, commission by Paganiniana 2004, Genova, to Cesare Mazzonis, Arditti Quartet, 2004
*Kubrick's Bone, per cimbalom and ensemble, 2005
*Accordo reed quintet, Calefax, 2005
*Body Electric, per violino and guitar rig e doppio ensemble, Amsterdam, Muziekgebouw, Orkest de Volharding e Doelen Ensemble, conductor Jussi Jaatinen, soloist Irvine Arditti, 2006
*Sea Shell per great chorus, on a text by Alceo (translated by Salvatore Quasimodo). Swedish Radio Choir, Stoccolma, 2006
*Da capo II, per 8 instruments, Settimane Musicali di Stresa, Ensemble Bit20, conductor J. Stockhammer, 2007
*Animus II, per viola e live electronics, Parigi, Ircam Espace de projection, Festival Agora, soloist Garth Knox, commission by Françoise e Jean-Philippe 2007
*Strade parallele, for 6 instruments, electronic and video on a text by Norberto Bobbio, Roma, Auditorium Parco della Musica, Ensemble Alter Ego, 2007
*Hard Pace; per tromba e orchestra, Roma, Auditorium, Orchestra of Santa Cecilia Academy, soloist Håkan Hardenberger, conductor Antonio Pappano, 2007
*Fresco, per cinque bande in movimento, 2007
*Unexpected End of Formula, per violoncello, ensemble and elettronica, Koln, WDR FunkHaus, musikFabrik conductor Christian Eggen, soloist DirkWietheger, ZKM live-elektronik, 2008
*Animus III, per tuba e live electronics, Colonia WDR FunkHaus, soloist Melvyn Poore, ZKM Live-Elektronik, 2008
*Sirènes, per coro misto in five groups, orchestra and electronic, commission by Ircam-Centre Pompidou, 2009
*Time, Real and Imaginary, Commande d'État francese per mezzosoprano and four instruments on a text by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, 2009
*Attraverso, per soprano and ensemble, Monteverdi celebrations, commission by Music Across Festival of Regione Lombardia and Teatro Ponchielli of Cremona, 2009
*Jeu de Musica, per ensemble, Strasbourg, Festival Musica, 2010
*Quartett, opera, libretto iwritten in English by the composer, from the pièce by Heiner Müller, commission by Teatro alla Scala, stage direction by La Fura dels Baus, conductor Susanna Mälkki, 2011
*Terra, opera-oratorio, libretto by Valeria Parrella, opening of the celebrations for the 150th anniversary of the Italian Republic, Naples, Teatro San Carlo, stage director Jean Kalman, conductor Jonathan Webb, 2011
*Herzstück, based on a text by Heiner Müller, commission by Neue Vocalsolisten for the Eclat Festival, 2012
*Atopia, oratorio based on text by Piero della Francesca and Calderón della Barca, Madrid, 2012
*Piano Concerto, per pianoforte and orchestra, with Nicolas Hodges, Oporto 2013
*Duende, The Dark Notes, con Leila Josefowicz, coproduction of Swedish Radio, RAI, BBC Proms, 2014
*Dentro non ha tempo, for large orchestra, in memoriam of Luciana Pestalozza, commission by Teatro alla Scala, conductor Esa-Pekka Salonen, 2014
*Vertical Invader, concerto grosso for reed quintet and orchestra, Calefax Reed Quintet, Radio Filharmonisch Orkest and Concertgebouw di Amsterdam, Radio Filharmonisch Orkest conducted by Osmo Vänskä, 2015.
*Bread, Water and Salt, Orchestra and Chorus of the Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, conductor Antonio Pappano, soprano Pumeza Matshikiza

**参考文献**
Giancarlo Francesconi, by E. Tadini, Milano, Salone Annunciata, 1959
*Sergio Badino, Conversazione con Carlo Chendi. Da Pepito alla Disney e oltre: cinquant'anni di fumetto vissuti da protagonista, Tenué 2006
*Ricciarda Belgiojoso, "Note d'autore. A tu per tu con i compositori d'oggi", Postmedia Books, 2013
*Guido Barbieri, Francesconi, Luca, Enciclopedia Italiana Treccani - Appendix VII (2007)
*Luca Francesconi, Les Esprits libres, in VV. AA. La loi musicale – Ce que la lecture de l'histoire nous (dés)apprend, edited by D. Cohen Levinas, Paris, L'Harmattan, 2000
*Christopher Thomas, Metier, msvcd 92018, http://www.divineartrecords.com
*Andrew Clements, Gesualdo Considered as a Murder, The Guardian, Friday 11 June 2004
*Quartett - interview to Luca Francesconi, Teatro alla Scala, Season 2010/2011
*Alexander Destuet, Quartett de Luca Francesconi: la Fura dels Baus ataca otra vez, La Vanguardia July 3, 2015
*Franco Fayenz, Si chiude la ribalta della Scala per Quartett, antologia di soluzioni geniali, Il Sole 24 ore, May 8, 2011
*Silva Menetto, Alla Biennale protagonisti il Don Giovanni a Venezia e giovani ensemble da tutta Europa, Il Sole 24 ore, September 30, 2010
*Giuseppina Manin, La musica è finita, Corriere della sera, September 16, 2008
*Giuseppina Manin, Le mie note sospese per Luciana Abbado, Corriere della Sera, June 12, 2014
*Luca Francesconi, Il sacrificio dei musicisti italiani, Milano, 2005
*Andrew Clements, Prom 13: BBCSO/Mälkki/Josefowicz review – committed and astoundingly vivid, The Guardian, July 28, 2015
*Marie-Aude Roux, Ballata, drame syncretique de Francesconi, Le Monde, November 14, 2002
*Luca Francesconi, Cerca e ricerca, Milan 1994  外部リンク1and  外部リンク2
*Massimiliano Viel, Incontro con Luca Francesconi: Il calcolo e l'intuizione. L'elettronica come sfida, in Sonus, Materiali per la musica contemporanea, issue n.11, December 1993

**外部リンク**
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