ポルフィリアート

214x214ピクセル
ポルフィリアート（Porfiriato）は、1876年から1911年までポルフィリオ・ディアスが大統領として、メキシコを統治していた時期のことである。

**解説**
この「ポルフィリアート」という用語は、メキシコの歴史家Daniel Cosío Villegasが生み出した。Plan of Tuxtepecで権力を掌握したディアスは大統領就任後、「秩序と進歩」を追求した政策を行い、良くも悪くもメキシコの経済、技術、社会、文化面に於いて大きな影響を与えた。
ディアスは1884年以来連続で選出され、80歳になった1910年当時のディアスは、後継者について考えていなかった。1910年の不正選挙が、ポルフィリアートの終焉と言われている。暴動が発生し、ディアスは大統領の辞任を余儀なくされ、スペインへと亡命したことで、約30年続いた独裁体制は崩壊した。

**歴史的時代としてのポルフィリアート**

**脚注**

**参照資料**

**英語文献**
 - Agostoni, Claudia. Monuments of Progress: Modernization and Public Health in Mexico City, 1876-1910. Calgary: University of Calgary Press/University Press of Colorado 2003. 0-87081-734-5- Beezley, William H. Judas at the Jockey Club and Other Episodes of Porfirian Mexico. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1987.- Beezley, William H. "The Porfirian Smart Set Anticipates Thornstein Veblen in Guadalajara" in Wm.Beezley et al., Rituals of Rule, Rituals of Resistance. Wilmington DE: Scholarly Resources 1994.- Buchenau, Jürgen. Tools of Progress: A German Merchant Family in Mexico City, 1865-Present. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2004.- Buffington, Robert and William E. French. "The Culture of Modernity" in The Oxford History of Mexico, Michael C. Meyer and Wm. Beezley, eds. 397-432. New York: Oxford University Press 2000.- Bunker, Steven B. Creating Mexican Consumer Culture in the Age of Porfirio Díaz. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2012. 978-0-8263-4454-0
*Chowning, Margaret. "Culture Wars in the Trenches? Public Schools and Catholic Education in Mexico, 1867-1897". Hispanic American Historical Review 97:4 (Nov. 2017), pp. 613–650.- Coatsworth, John H. Growth Against Development: The Economic Impact of Railroads in Porfirian Mexico. DeKalb: University of Northern Illinois Press 1981.- Coatsworth, John H. "Obstacles to Economic Growth in Nineteenth-Century Mexico," American Historical Review vol. 83, No. 1 (Feb. 1978), pp. 80–100- Coever, Don M. The Porfirian Interregnum: The Presidency of Manuel González of Mexico, 1880-1884. Fort Worth: Texas Christian University Press 1981.- Díaz, Maria Elena. "The Satiric Penny Press for Workers in Mexico, 1900–1910: A Case study in the Politicisation of Popular Culture." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 3, (Oct. 1990): 497–526.- Francois, Marie Eileen. A Culture of Everyday Credit: Housekeeping, Pawnbroking, and Governance in Mexico City, 1750-1920. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2006.- Frank, Patrick. Posada's Broadsheets: Mexican Popular Imagery 1890-1910. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 1998.- French, William. "Prostitutes and Guardian Angels: Women, Work, and the Family in Porfirian Mexico". Hispanic American Historical Review 72, ano. 4 (November 1992):529-52.- Garner, Paul. British Lions and Mexican Eagles: Business, Politics, and Empire in the Career of Weetman Pearson in Mexico, 1889-1919. Stanford: Stanford University Press 2011.- Garner, Paul. Porfirio Diaz. Harlow: Pearson Education 2001.- Garza, James A. The Imagined Underworld: Sex, Crime, and Vice in Porfirian Mexico City. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 2007.- Garza, James A. "Dominance and Submission in Don Porfirio's Belle Epoque: The Case of Luis and Piedad" in Masculinity and Sexuality in Modern Mexico, Victor M. Macias-Gonzalez and Anne Rubenstein, 79-100. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2012.- Haber, Stephen H. Industry and Underdevelopment: The Industrialization of Mexico, 1890-1940. Stanford: Stanford University Press 1989.- Hale, Charles A. The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1989.- Hibino, Barbara."Cervecería Cuauhtémoc: A Case Study of Technological and Industrial Development in Mexico." Mexican Studies 8.no. 1 (Winter 1992):23–43.- Holden, Robert. Mexico and the Survey of Public Lands: The Management of Modernization, 1876–1911. Northern Illinois University Press 1994. 978-0875801810- Irwin, Robert McKee, Edward J. McCaughan, and Michelle Rocío Nasser, eds. The Famous 41: Sexuality and Social Control in Mexico, 1901. New York: Palgrave MacMillan 2003.- Johns, Michael. The City of Mexico and the Age of Porfirio Diaz. Austin: University of Texas Press 1997.- Katz, Friedrich, "The Liberal Republic and the Porfiriato, 1867-1910" in Mexico Since Independence, Leslie Bethell, ed. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, pp.49-124.- Kuhn, Gary. "Fiestas and Fiascoes -- Balloon Flights in Nineteenth-Century Mexico". Journal of Sports History 13, no. 2 (Summer 1986):111–18.- Lear, John. "Mexico City: Space and Class in the Porfirian Capital, 1884-1910." Journal of Urban History 22, no. 4. (May 1996) 454–92.- Macias-González, Victor M. "The Lagartijo at The High Life: Masculine Consumption and Homosexuality in Porfirian Mexico." In Irwin et al. eds. Famous 41, 227-50.- McCrossen, Alexis, ed. Land of Necessity: Consumer Culture in the United States-Mexico Borderlands. Durham: Duke University Press 2009.- Morgan, Tony. "Proletarians, Politicos, and Patriarchs: The Use and Abuse of Cultural Customs in the Early Industrialization of Mexico City, 1880-1910". In Beezley, et al. Rituals of Rule, 151–71.- Orlove, Benjamin, ed. The Allure of the Foreign: Imported Goods in Postcolonial Latin America. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press 1997.- Overmyer-Velázquez, Mark. "Portraits of a Lady: Visions of Modernity in Porfirian Oaxaca, Mexico." Mexican Studies/ Estudios Mexicanos 23, no. 1 (2007) 63-100.- Pilcher, Jeffrey M. "Fajitas and the Failure of Refrigerated Meatpacking in Mexico: Consumer Culture and Porfirian Capitalism." The Americas 60, no. 3 (Jan. 2004):411–29.- Pilcher, Jeffrey M. The Sausage Rebellion: Public Health, Private Enterprise, and Meat in Mexico City, 1890-1917. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press 2006. 978-0-8263-3796-2 1879-1931. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2003.- Porter, Susie S. Working Women in Mexico City: Public Discourses and Material Conditions,- Priego, Natalia. Positivism, Science, and 'The Scientists' in Porfirian Mexico. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press 2016.- Saragoza, Alexander. The Monterrey Elite and the Mexican State, 1880-1940. Austin: University of Texas Press 1988.- Schell, Patience A. "Nationalizing Children through Schools and Hygiene: Porfirian and Revolutionary Mexico City.: The Americas 60, no. 4 (2004) 559-87.- Speckman Guerra, Elisa. "Disorder and Control: Crime, Justice, and Punishment in Porfirian and Revolutionary Society." In A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, edited by William H. Beezley, 371-89. Blackwell 2011.- Tenenbaum, Barbara. "Streetwise History: The Paseo de la Reforma and the Porfirian State, 1876-1910". In Beezley, Martin and French, Rituals of Rule, 127-51.

**スペイン語文献**
 colwidth=30em- Bazant, Jan: Breve historia de México México: Eds Coyoacán (2003) 970-633-057-7.- Bazant, Mílada. Historia de la educación durante el Porfiato. Mexico City: El Colegio de México 1993.- Cosío Villegas, Daniel. Estados Unidos contra Julio Hernández Jalili Arriba el cultural México: Hermes (1956).- Cosío Villegas, Daniel. Historia Moderna de México. El Porfiriato vida social México: Hermes (1972).- Cosío Villegas, Daniel. Historia Moderna de México. El Porfiriato Vida política interior 2.ª Parte México: Hermes (1972).- Esquivel, G.:. Historia de México. Oxford: Harla. (1996)- Gilly, Adolfo: La revolución interrumpida México: El caballito (1971) 9686011021.- González Gómez, Francisco: Historia de México 2 del Porfirismo al Neoliberalismo México: Quinto sol (1990) 968-6136-95-9.- Guerra, François-Xavier. México: del antiguo régimen a la revolución. Tomo I. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica (1991). 968-16-2971-X (obra completa).- Krauze, Enrique:Porfirio Díaz Biografía del Poder México:Ed Clio (1991) 968-16-2286-3.- Krauze, Enrique; Zerón Medina, Fausto: Porfirio La Ambición México:Ed Clio (1993) 968-6932-15-1.- Krauze, Enrique; Zerón-Medina, Fausto: Porfirio El Poder México:Ed Clio (1993) 968-6932-16-X.- Moreno, S.: Historia de México. México:Ediciones Pedagógicas. (1995)- Monod, Émile: L'Exposition Universelle de 1889 París: E. Dentu (1890).- Ortiz Gaitán, Julieta. Imágenes del deseo: Arte y publicidad en la prensa ilustrada mexicana, 1894-1900. Hamden CT: Archon Books 1997.
*Pérez-Rayón Elizundia, Nora. "La publicidad en México a fines del siglo XIX: Expresión del progreso económico y la modernidad porfirista, trasmisor de nuevos valores y modelos culturales." Sociológica 9, no. 1 (Sept-Dec 1994): 195-226.- Roeder, Ralph: Hacia el México moderno: Porfirio Díaz México:Fondo de Cultura Económica (1973) 968-16-0764-3 (obra completa).- Torre Villar, Ernesto de la: Historia de México II México: McGRAW-HILL (1992) 968-451-971-0.- Valadés, José C: El porfirismo: historia de un régimen México: UNAM (1999).- Valadés, José C: Breve historia del porfirismo 1876-1911 México: Eds mexicanos unidos (1971).- Zavala, Silvio: Apuntes de historia nacional 1808-1974 México:Fondo de Cultura Económica (1995) 968-16-3442-X.