ExifTool

ExifTool は、画像、音声、動画、PDFのメタデータの読み取り、書き込み、操作を行うためのフリーでオープンソースのソフトウェアプログラム。プラットフォームに依存せず、Perl ライブラリ（Image::ExifTool）とコマンドラインアプリケーションの両方として利用できる。ExifTool は、さまざまな種類のデジタルワークフローに一般的に組み込まれている Exif、IPTC Information Interchange Model、XMP、JFIF、GeoTIFF、ICCプロファイル、Photoshop IRB、FlashPix、AFCP、ID3 を含む多くの種類のメタデータや、多くのデジタルカメラのメーカー固有のメタデータ形式などをサポートしている。

**メタ情報のカプセル化**
ExifTool は独自のオープンメタデータ形式を実装している。多くのソースからのメタ情報をバイナリまたはテキスト形式でカプセル化し、あらゆる種類のファイルにバンドルするように設計されている。既存のデータをラップする単一のファイルにすることも、Exif や XMP メタデータなどを運ぶsidecar fileとして使用することもできる。

**ユーザー**
ExifTool を使用する Web サイトとサービスには次のものある：- Advanced Renamer- Flickr (アップロードされた画像からメタデータを解析する)- Hugin (software)- Metadata++- XnView"exiftool"- Exif Fixer (360°パノラマ固有のメタデータを計算し、画像に追加する)

**対応ファイル形式**
ExifToolは以下の形式のファイルを読み込み、編集、作成することができる：

**読み込み**
 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)- 3FR - Hasselblad raw (TIFF-based)- 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)- 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)- A - Unix static library code Archive- AA - Audible Audiobook- AAE - Apple edit information (XML PLIST-based)- AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)- ACR - American College of Radiology ACR-NEMA (DICOM-like)- AFM, ACFM, AMFM - Adobe (Composite/Multiple Master) Font Metrics- AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)- AIFF, AIF, AIFC - Audio Interchange File Format (Compressed)- APE - Monkey's Audio- ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)- ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)- ASF - Microsoft Advanced Systems Format- AVI - Audio Video Interleaved (RIFF-based)- AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)- BMP, DIB - Windows BitMaP / Device Independent Bitmap- BPG - Better Portable Graphics- BTF - BigTIFF (64-bit Tagged Image File Format)- CHM - Microsoft Compiled HTML format- COS - Capture One Settings (XML-based)- CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)- CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)- CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)- CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)- CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)- CSV - Comma-Separated Values- CZI - Zeiss Integrated Software RAW (ZISRAW)- DCM, DC3, DIC, DICM - DICOM - Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine- DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)- DCR - Kodak Digital Camera Raw (TIFF-based)- DFONT - Macintosh Data Fork Font- DIVX - DivX media format (ASF-based)- DJVU, DJV - DjVu image (AIFF-like)- DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)- DOC, DOT - Microsoft Word Document/Template (FPX-like)- DOCX, DOCM - Office Open XML Document (Macro-enabled)- DOTX, DOTM - Office Open XML Document Template (Macro-enabled)- DPX - Digital Picture Exchange- DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe- DSS, DS2 - Digital Speech Standard- DYLIB - Mac OS X Mach-O executable and library files- DV - Digital Video- DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)- DVR-MS - Microsoft Digital Video Recording (ASF-based)- EIP - Capture One Enhanced Image Package (ZIP-based)- EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format- EPUB - Electronic Publication Format- ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)- EXE, DLL - DOS/Windows executable and library files- EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)- EXR - Open EXR (Extended Range)- EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)- F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)- FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)- FFF - FLIR thermal image File Format- FITS - Flexible Image Transport System- FLA - Macromedia/Adobe Flash project (FPX-like)- FLAC - Free Lossless Audio Codec- FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format- FLV - Flash Video- FPF - FLIR Public image Format- FPX - FlashPix image- GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format- GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)- GZ, GZIP - GNU ZIP compressed archive- HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)- HDR - Radiance RGBE (Red Green Blue Exponent) High Dynamic-Range- HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)- HTML, HTM, XHTML - (Extensible) HyperText Markup Language- ICO, CUR - Windows Icon or Cursor- ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile- ICS, ICAL - iCalendar Schedule- IDML - Adobe InDesign Markup Language (ZIP/XML-based)- IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)- IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)- INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)- INSV - Insta360 Video (QuickTime-based)- INX - Adobe InDesign Interchange (XML-based, XMP metadata only)- ISO - ISO 9660 disk image- ITC - iTunes Cover Flow artwork- J2C, J2K, JPC - JPEG 2000 codestream- JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)- JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)- JSON - JavaScript Object Notation- JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)- K25 - Kodak DC25 raw (TIFF-based)- KDC - Kodak Digital Camera raw (TIFF-based)- KEY, KTH - Apple iWork '09 Keynote presentation/Theme- LA - Lossless Audio (RIFF-based)- LFP, LFR - Lytro Light Field Picture- LNK - Microsoft Shell Link (Windows shortcut)- LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)- M2TS, MTS, M2T, TS - MPEG-2 Transport Stream (used for AVCHD video)- M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)- MACOS - MacOS "._" sidecar file (may have any extension)- MAX - 3D Studio MAX (FPX-like)- MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)- MIFF, MIF - Magick Image File Format- MKA, MKV, MKS - Matroska Audio/Video/Subtitle- MOBI, AZW, AZW3 - Mobipocket electronic book (Palm-based)- MODD - Sony Picture Motion metadata (XML PLIST-based)- MOI - MOD Information file- MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)- MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie- MP3 - MPEG-1 layer 3 audio (uses ID3 information)- MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)- MPC - Musepack Audio- MPEG, MPG, M2V - Motion Picture Experts Group version 1 or 2- MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)- MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video- MRW - Minolta Raw- MXF - Material Exchange Format- NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- NMBTEMPLATE - Apple iWork '09 Numbers Template- NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)- NUMBERS - Apple iWork '09 Numbers spreadsheet- O - Unix compiled code Object- ODB, ODC, ODF, ODG, ODI, ODP, ODS, ODT - Open Document Database/Chart/Formula/Graphics/Image/Presentation/Spreadsheet/Text (ZIP/XML-based)- OFR - OptimFROG audio (RIFF-based)- OGG, OGV - Ogg bitstream container- ONP - ON1 Presets- OPUS - Ogg Opus audio- ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)- OTF - Open Type Font- PAC - Lossless Predictive Audio Compression (RIFF-based)- PAGES - Apple iWork '09 Pages document- PCD - Kodak Photo CD Image Pac- PCX - PC Paintbrush- PDB, PRC - Palm Database- PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format- PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- PFA, PFB - PostScript Font ASCII/Binary- PFM - Printer Font Metrics- PGF - Progressive Graphics File- PICT, PCT - Apple Picture file- PLIST - Apple Property List (binary and XML formats)- PMP - Sony DSC-F1 Cyber-Shot image- PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics- PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map- PPT, PPS, POT - Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation/Slideshow/Template (FPX-like)- POTX, POTM - Office Open XML Presentation Template (Macro-enabled)- PPAX, PPAM - Office Open XML Presentation Addin (Macro-enabled)- PPSX, PPSM - Office Open XML Presentation Slideshow (Macro-enabled)- PPTX, PPTM - Office Open XML Presentation (Macro-enabled)- PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template- PSP, PSPIMAGE - Paint Shop Pro- QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File- R3D - Redcode raw video- RA - RealAudio- RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format- RAM, RPM - RealAudio/Plug-in Metafile- RAR - RAR Archive- RAW - Kyocera Contax N Digital Raw- RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)- RIFF, RIF - Resource Interchange File Format- RM, RV, RMVB - Real Media/Video (Variable Bitrate)- RSRC - Mac OS Resource- RTF - Rich Text Format- RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)- RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)- RWZ - Rawzor compressed image- SEQ - FLIR Systems image Sequence- SKETCH - Sketch design file- SO - Unix ELF executable and Shared Object files- SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)- SRF - Sony Raw Format (TIFF-based)- SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)- SVG - Scalable Vector Graphics (XML-based)- SWF - Shockwave Flash- THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)- THMX - Office Open XML Theme- TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format- TTF, TTC - True Type Font/Collection- TORRENT - BitTorrent description file- TXT - Text files- VCF, VCARD - Virtual Card- VOB - Video Object (MPEG-based)- VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data- VSD - Microsoft Visio Drawing (FPX-like)- WAV - Windows digital audio WAVeform (RIFF-based)- WEBM - Google Web Movie (MKV-based)- WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)- WMA, WMV - Windows Media Audio/Video (ASF-based)- WTV - Windos recorded TV show- WV - WavePack lossless audio (RIFF-based)- X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw- XCF - GIMP native image format- XLS, XLT - Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet/Template (FPX-like)- XLSX, XLSM, XLSB - Office Open XML Spreadsheet (Macro-enabled/Binary)- XLTX, XLTM - Office Open XML Spreadsheet Template (Macro-enabled)- XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file- ZIP - ZIP archive

**編集**
 360 - GoPro 360 video (QuickTime-based)- 3G2, 3GP2 - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project 2 audio/video (QuickTime-based)- 3GP, 3GPP - 3rd Gen. Partnership Project audio/video (QuickTime-based)- AAX - Audible Enhanced Audiobook (QuickTime-based)- AI, AIT - Adobe Illustrator (Template, PS or PDF)- ARQ - Sony Alpha Pixel-Shift raw (TIFF-based)- ARW - Sony Alpha raw (TIFF-based)- AVIF - AV1 Image File Format (QuickTime-based)- CR2 - Canon Raw 2 (TIFF-based) (CR2 specification)- CR3 - Canon Raw 3 (QuickTime-based) (CR3 specification)- CRM - Canon RAW Movie (QuickTime-based)- CRW, CIFF - Canon Raw Camera Image File Format (CRW specification)- CS1 - Sinar CaptureShop 1-shot raw (PSD-based)- DCP - DNG Camera Profile (DNG-like)- DNG - Digital Negative (TIFF-based)- DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe- DVB - Digital Video Broadcasting (QuickTime-based)- EPS, EPSF, PS - (Encapsulated) PostScript Format- ERF - Epson Raw Format (TIFF-based)- EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)- EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)- F4A, F4B, F4P, F4V - Adobe Flash Player 9+ Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)- FFF - Hasselblad Flexible File Format (TIFF-based)- FLIF - Free Lossless Image Format- GIF - Compuserve Graphics Interchange Format- GPR - GoPro Raw (DNG-based)- HDP, WDP, JXR - Windows HD Photo / Media Photo / JPEG XR (TIFF-based)- HEIC, HEIF, HIF - High Efficiency Image Format (QuickTime-based)- ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile- IIQ - Phase One Intelligent Image Quality raw (TIFF-based)- IND, INDD, INDT - Adobe InDesign Document/Template (XMP metadata only)- INSP - Insta360 Picture (JPEG-based)- JP2, JPF, JPM, JPX - JPEG 2000 image (Compound/Extended)- JPEG, JPG, JPE - Joint Photographic Experts Group image (see table below)- JXL - JPEG XL (Extra longterm)- LRV - Low-Resolution Video (QuickTime-based)- M4A, M4B, M4P, M4V - MPEG-4 Audio/Video (Quicktime-based)- MEF - Mamiya (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)- MOS - Creo Leaf Mosaic (TIFF-based)- MOV, QT - Apple QuickTime Movie- MP4 - Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (Quicktime-based)- MPO - Extended Multi-Picture format (JPEG with MPF extensions)- MQV - Sony Mobile QuickTime Video- MRW - Minolta Raw- NEF - Nikon (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- NRW - Nikon Raw (2) (TIFF-based)- ORF - Olympus Raw Format (TIFF-based)- PDF - Adobe Portable Document Format- PEF - Pentax (raw) Electronic Format (TIFF-based)- PNG, JNG, MNG - Portable/JPEG/Multiple-image Network Graphics- PPM, PBM, PGM - Portable Pixel/Bit/Gray Map- PSD, PSB, PSDT - PhotoShop Drawing / Large Document / Template- QTIF, QTI, QIF - QuickTime Image File- RAF - FujiFilm Raw Format- RAW - Panasonic Raw (TIFF-based)- RW2 - Panasonic Raw 2 (TIFF-based)- RWL - Leica Raw (TIFF-based)- SR2 - Sony Raw 2 (TIFF-based)- SRW - Samsung Raw format (TIFF-based)- THM - Canon Thumbnail (JPEG)- TIFF, TIF - Tagged Image File Format- VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data- WEBP - Google Web Picture (RIFF-based)- X3F - Sigma/Foveon raw- XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file

**作成**
 DR4 - Canon DPP version 4 Recipe- EXIF - Exchangeable Image File Format metadata (TIFF-based)- EXV - Exiv2 metadata file (JPEG-based)- ICC, ICM - International Color Consortium color profile- MIE - Meta Information Encapsulation (MIE specification)- VRD - Canon DPP Recipe Data- XMP - Extensible Metadata Platform sidecar file

**対応JPEGメタデータ**
ExifTool は、JPEG 画像の以下の種類のメタデータを読み込み、編集、作成することができる：

**関連項目**
 Libsndfile オーディオファイル情報を表示する sndfile-info を参照。

**参考文献**

**外部リンク**
  (exiftool.org)-  Official website (sourceforge.net)-  ExifTool User Manual-  Image::ExifTool API Manual-  MIE file format – specification-  MIE Tags – reference-  Commentary on Meta Information Formats (or "Why this or that Format Sucks"), Phil Harvey, essay on design decisions, created Nov. 15, 2005, last revised Feb 4, 2020