Spain/Portugal 

Hi.  Not sure if you have your centuries mixed up here: note that 1400s=15th century, 1500s=16th century, 1600s=17th century.  The Spanish conquistadors arrived in Mexico in the 1520s (16th C) and Peru in the 1530s.  By the end of the the 1400s (15th C) Portugal had not even set foot in Brazil and had only just reached India, yet to "discover" SE Asia and Japan.  The Dutch did not arrive on the scene until the early 1600s (17th C).   t