In the States, taxes on petrol are low as compared to the EU, but both are a form of market manipulation intended to recover some of the costs associated with motor vehicle use.  The difference, I think, is that the former is focused on the cost of roads, while the latter recognizes the environmental and political impact.  Please do not rely on my memory for this aspect.  For regulation, many branches of the financial industry are strictly controlled, often as a result of past economic disasters.  These would also make good examples.