I would say no. But I might have to change my mind if you can find it in a reputable source, other than a typo.  

I first found it in the Lisp 1.5 Programmer's manual, there both boolean and boolian are used. Searching google shows that both are in use. Other two links where both spellings are used: Earliest Known Uses of Some of the Words of Mathematics, A catalogue and guide to the Charles S. Peirce Papers

 "boolean" or "Boolean" 

I believe that the spelling of "boolean" should be standardized to be de-capitalized when used in a sentence.  Example: Boolean algebra simplifies circuits.  However, they are expressed in boolean expression.  The word "boolean" appears to be derived from the person's name George Boole, and just like "diesel" is derived from the person Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel, "volt" from the person Volta, and so on.   
Well, language isn't always as neatly regular as you might like it to be. The standard usage in mathematics has a capital B, therefore we use a capital B. In computer science, sometimes it's lowercase, and that's OK too.