P.S. people in Anatolia before turkish tribes migration were as much as literate and socially advanced (if not more advanced) than the Balkan people in general. Anatolia was also the heart of byzantine renaissance after 1204. However it was turkicized quickly following the migration of oghuz tribes in the area, while in the balkan this process did not happen. The only difference in this case was the presence of sufficient number of native turkish speakers in the are, just what Bellwood says.