:::One other thing:  Yesterday you wrote that on page 19 of Cramer that he is making an argument of common law origin "in ancient Germanic tribes for whom arms bearing was a right and a duty of free men."  I have that book in my hand now and the opening of that sentence is:  "Like many other civilizations founded on warfare, the Germanic tribes...".  The tells me pretty clearly that Cramer is arguing that the Anglo-Saxons "military service" tradition is an important precedence to the 2A.  Cramer does go on and argue that in addition to the "military service" component that there is also an "individual right" component too.  Yet, for the largest part his argument of the individual right component appears to be built on the tradition of opposing tyranny hypothesis.  He does mention the self-defensive hypothesis later, and indeed he also mentions the gun-control hypothesis too (pg 25).