:: In this context, "By way of", means that you must exchange through banks, exchange houses, etc. Basically anyone who is authorized as a licensed money exchange place by the Central Bank. Just like in any other country. This cuts down on illegal black market scams where people take advantage of tourists in the street. Now, reality is this: Anyone can go to Transnistria and exchange money with any bank, Western Union, etc. You can send and receive money freely. There are at least seven international payment systems. You can pay in PMR rubles and receive funds in dollars or euros abroad, or vice versa. So is is: "according to the Transnistrian central bank and anyone else who has ever come into contact with the PMR Ruble, including local and foreign banks, Western Union and six other payment systems". -