:To Kemet: the possibility that Charlotte was descended from an 18th century mulatto is not sufficient to claim that she was. Possibility does not equate with probability, and the claim that she had black ancestry regards a 13th century ancestor, as has been repeated throughout this section. Telling people to "get over it" doesn't encourage them to do so, and an assumption, as you put it, is exactly what your hypothesis is (i.e. not a proven fact). If Charlotte had a black ancestor, then she had a black ancestor (and she did, as all humans on the planet do), and this doesn't change the fact that Charlotte was white, despite the alleged "African" who was probably a Moor (i.e. not black), if she really is the ancestor of Charlotte.  The denial that Charlotte was "black" is not based on the notion that Europeans are "purely white", but on the assertion that the claim that she was descended from a 13th century "African" mistress is dubious, and that even if this notion were true, and that this woman was "black", that Charlotte still couldn't be called "black" because none of her recent ancestors or close relatives were. Why is the challenge to nonsensical Afrocentric history a shame? The true shame is that some black "scholars" have to define themselves based on other people's history, and what is so angering about your argument and similar ones is that they accuse Europeans, always and everywhere, of being racists whose sense of self teeters on the delicate and dubious claim that they are "pure" and "superior". To "Stan", no pope or Roman emperor was black, as this would be quite significant, and not easily missed or forgotten or "covered up" (the last possibility being strongly discredited by the fact that the partial black ancestry of such notables as Alexander Pushkin, George Bridgetower and Joseph Boulogne have not been "covered up"). There were African popes and emperors, but they were non-black Africans from the north. North Africans are racially identical to West Asians. The history of blacks in Europe is minor, and is exaggerated by some scholars.