:Plenty of bright, not so bright, and manifestly dumb minds worked to create an Indo-European or Iranian paradigms for the Scythians, Cimmerians, and Sarmats, but ignoring the contemporary witnesses and attempting to create their paradigm from scratch, with a limited knowledge at the time of creation, continually brings the atempts in conflict with the old and new facts of the scientific knowledge. Anyone interested enough in the subject would immediately note that the propaganda articles http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cimmerians, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scythia, and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarmatia are completely devoid of archeological, ethnological, and biological-genetical content. A good example of baseless speculations, which, unlike the hard data, can be all spun and twisted to suit the objective, is the Chapter 2 in Yatsenko 2001, that pretends to discuss the "Iranian" tamgas, but instead discourses on the Turkic traditions adopted in the Turco-Semitic-Dravidian-Persian-etc state with occasional Persians at the helm. The Semitic Ahaemenids, the Turkic Parthians are all lumped into an "Iranian" label, making the discourses on the generalized ethnic applications of the tamgas totally incoherent.