# Campbel and al 2012  
 "Jewish groups generally demonstrated closer relatedness with 
 other Jewish communities than with geographically near non- 
 Jewish populations...These findings 
 demonstrated that the most differentiated of the North African 
 Jewish populations was Djerban. The smallest FST was between Greek and 
 Turkish Sephardic Jews (FST = 0.0024), who were close, in turn, 
 to Italian, Algerian, Moroccan, and Ashkenazi Jews. The second 
 smallest FST observed was between Algerian and Moroccan Jews 
 (FST = 0.0027). As a point of reference, the average pairwise FST 
 between Jews and non-Jews (excluding African and Asian reference 
 populations) was 0.019. Thus, North African Jews were 
 identifiable as a third major group along with Middle Eastern 
 Jews and European/Syrian Jews, albeit with a higher degree of 
 relatedness to European Jews