***I don't agree about that - in fact all the evidence they use (relevant to e-cigs) is in the much longer and more detailed PHE report, plus a lot more (including what I think is more detailed and long-running UK survey evidence than is available for the US). The USPSTF are very specifically targeted at telling clinicians what to tell patients, whereas the PHE have a wider remit, advising on regulation for example. But they are prepared to, in effect, recommend e-cigs, though I heard one of the authors complaining that the licensed drugs + counselling aren't used more.  The very limited RCT evidence so far does suggest that this is more effective than e-cigs, but the ceasing consumer doesn't seem to agree, and may be right. Considering all the fuss the question has generated in the US for some years, it's remarkable no one has yet done a proper head to head RCT there - nothing in it for pharma I suppose. On the wider questions, I haven't looked at this section fully yet. Is there a rush?