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 == = FRACTURE MECHANICS == 
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 === ANALYSIS OF PLASTIC ZONE SHAPES OF DIFFERENT MODE  OF LOADING THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO CRACKS. === 

  
 ==== DIFFERENT MODE OF LOADING THAT CAN BE APPLIED TO CRACK ==== 
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 File:3 MODES.JPG|framed|3 MODES OF LAODING 

 MODE 1 (OPENING MODE) 
 Displacement of crack surface are perpendicular to the plane of the crack. 
 MODE 2 (SLIDING MODE) 
 Displacement  of crack surface is in the plane of the crack and perpendicular to the leading edge of the cracks. 
 MODE 3 ( TEARING MODE? OUT OF PLANE SHEAR MODE) 
 Displacement of the crack surface is in the plane of the crack and parallel to the crack. 
 The stress intensity factor for different mode is represented by  K1, K11, K111 respectively. 
 Fracture toughness is represented by  K1c, K11c, K111c  respectively.