:::::I can't speak to any of the others ('S-Bahn' in particular has always been contentious, since no one English term covers all the systems bearing that name), but as for Copenhagen, while the long absence of a metro has indeed led to the S-tog taking on some metro-like characteristics, they still follow recognisably 'railway' service patterns. I once tried to build a metro-style map for the S-tog to complement the ones I did for the more recently built Copenhagen Metro, and it just didn't work at all.