The scientific evidence for Natural Selection is overwhelming.

I never said mutations don't happen. My argument was that humans are more complex than bacteria, and our cells and DNA have repair mechanisms (I listed 8 of them) which prevent mutations from changing the organism beyond the limits of variation. Pro never explained how mutation could bypass these mechanisms to the extent that they change us drastically from homo erectus to homo sapiens in a million years, when it couldn't do so with bacteria in the equivalent time. He also says I admitted to not reading his two papers on speciation in the wild, I did not. It was because I read them that I asked him if the subjects of those studies ever became a new species, and he refused to answer. I think you all know what the answer is. I never argued that speciation (variation within the kind) happens, I argued there are limits that are never crossed, and so far no one has observed the crossing of those boundaries. He also admits " did not say that the E. Coli mutation specific to citrate digestion is more probable in the wild, nowhere did I say that," so now we know from Pro's own mouth that what Lenski achieved is not more probable in the wild, and thus we can deduce that it was the guidance of intelligent agents that produced these results with E.coli. We cannot therefore apply Lenski's experiment to the natural world, and that refutes all my opponent's arguments based on that experiment. As for the laryngeal nerve of the giraffe, to innervate the esophagus and trachea of the giraffe and also reach its heart, the recurrent laryngeal nerve needs to be, very long. Could an organ like the larynx develop properly if not innervated by a nerve at the right time? Evolutionists assume its too long just because they don't know why God made it so, which is the evolution-of-the-gaps argument; if we don't know why God made it this way, then evolution did it! Intelligent design predicts the discovery of functions for things like these, and its record in showing that junk DNA isn't really junk but has a purpose is very good. "Over 80 percent of the human genome is actively involved in at least one or more biochemical reactions associated with gene regulation in at least one type of cell. " http://www.google.com... Such is true with the giraffe's laryngeal nerve. It isn't a pointless detour as Pro claims, but gives several cardiac filaments to the deep part of the cardiac plexus. Wilhelm Ellenberger and Herrmann Baum sum up the multiple functions of that nerve in their Handbook of Comparative Anatomy of Domestic Animals. Since he raised the giraffe's neck as an issue, let me state that evolutionists follow two camps: Lamark, who said that giraffes' necks became longer because they had to stretch their necks to reach food, and Darwin who said they had necks of different lengths but food shortages meant the ones with longer necks would reach food, survive, and pass on long necks to their offspring. Here is their desperate attempt at proving evolution via natural selection. But common sense alone refutes this because female giraffes' necks are 2 feet shorter than the males', so if survival depended on longer necks to reach above the forage line, then giraffes would have died out a long time ago with the death of the females and young giraffes. Giraffes live with impalas, gazelles, and other short tree grazers, all of whom have survived periods of drought unchanged for millions of years. Wikipedia says that "information is "Knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular fact or circumstance"." We know what knowledge is, and that its source is the mind. Only intelligent agents can "know" anything. English derives from Latin, and "Latin itself already contained the word informatio meaning concept or idea." Concepts and ideas are the product of intelligent thought. DNA stores more information than any CD-ROM disk ever invented by man, and while CDs only store on the surface, DNA stores information in three dimensions; it is the densest information storage package in the universe. This information is transmitted from generation to generation of living things, and we know that meaningful messages always point back to an intelligent message sender. The idea that dumb, blind, unintelligent forces on their own, could both create and send the most complicated, meaningful, specific, detailed set of instructions ever given was the most laughable and imaginative fiction of evolution. You could well believe that an ant could write Shakespeare! If any scientist were to receive a message using Morse Code, he would know it came from an intelligent agent, yet, Morse Code is simply a system that represents letters by dashes and dots, or short sounds and long sounds. SOS in Morse Code is three dots, three dashes, and three dots; or, three short sounds, three long sounds, followed by three short sounds. Anyone receiving this message would know somebody was calling for help. But DNA is vastly more complex than Morse Code. First, it uses four letters G, A, T and C instead of dashes and dots to represent letters. Second, while Morse Code"s dashes and dots only represent the 26 letters of the English alphabet, the DNA alphabet is composed of some 3 billion genetic letters. If such a complex code were picked up in the form of sound, or written language, why should it not imply intelligence just as Morse Code does? The only reason why evolutionists refuse to see it in biology is because of their theological commitment to naturalism. Just imagine, of the over 100 amino acids, only 20 are needed for life"s proteins. Now amino acids are different, some are left-handed and others are right-handed. Yet, of the 20 needed for life"s proteins, all of them are left-handed. Now am I to believe that natural selection picked only left-handed molecules twenty times in a row, in just the right order? Just think about it: natural selection isn"t a living, intelligent agent that can literally "select" anything. So this particular combination of left-handed molecules must come about by pure chance before natural selection can work on it. Now if all you had was a sea of left-handed proteins, fine, but with an equal number of left and right-handed proteins floating about in the hypothetical organic soup supposed by evolution, we are bound to get a mixture of both right and left-handed molecules in every combination. Even if we could envision a few combinations that only had left-handed molecules, could it be chance that this specific group only attracted left-handed ones? There is no physical law applicable to amino acids to make left-handed proteins discriminate against right-handed ones, and cleave to its own kind. And what complicates it is the fact that many other molecules are floating about in this soup, so endless useless combinations are unavoidable. Not a single experiment has shown that a left-handed amino acid naturally cleaves to other left-handed one in distinction from right-handed molecules, and not a single experiment shows that they cleave together in the specific order necessary to make proteins all by themselves. It takes an intelligent designer to put the system in place to order these molecules. Not a single component of an airplane by itself can fly " neither the wings, engine or pilot. It only flies because it was put together in an intelligent way to make the parts work together. "A Boeing 747, for example, is a collection of 41/2 million non-flying parts, but thanks to design and creation (and a continuous supply of energy and of repair services!), it flies. Similarly, "life" is a property of organization, not of substance. A living cell is a collection of several billion non-living molecules, and death results when a shortage of energy or a flaw in the operational or repair mechanisms allows inherent chemical processes to destroy its biological order." (The Origin of Life: DNA and Protein, Dr. Gary Parker, Jan 1, 1994) While Pro focuses on E.coli bacteria, the same could be said about bacteria as well: "Bacteria were once seen as simple bags of cytoplasm, but structures such as the prokaryotic cytoskeleton and the localization of proteins to specific locations within the cytoplasm that give bacteria some complexity have been discovered. These subcellular levels of ORGANIZATION have been called "bacterial hyperstructures"." (Wikipedia: Bacteria) Again, organization is a product of intelligence. The more of it we see, the more sure we are that a person was involved. "Most bacteria have a single circular chromosome that can range in size from only 160,000 " to 12,200,000 base pairs," talk about complexity. I told you there was no simple beginning. There isn"t really a simple form of life on this planet. Pro"s beloved E.coli is very complex: "The E-coli genome consists of 4.6 million nucleotide pairs..There are 4377 genes in the most common type and fully 98% of them encode for proteins and the other 88 genes code for RNA." Yet this bacteria"s genome is only "one tenth of one percent of the size of the human genome." If there ever was a simple beginning, then where are the unicellular microorganisms proposed by evolutionists as the ancestors of modern bacteria? Why don"t they magically appear in laboratory experiments simulating the organic soup of the early earth? Why don"t they evolve into anything new after thousands of generations? Because evolution via natural selection is mere bluff. Pro claims that illustrations or comparisons don't prove anything. They prove evolution doesn't make sense. Is science the only avenue to knowledge? Can science prove that you love someone? Does a man need to see evidence of his love in a peer-reviewed science journal before he says "I DO" at the wedding? Truth isn't determined by science alone.