publichealth concerns justiffy compulsory immunization

IF WE OVERSHOT OUR CARRYING CAPACITY. WE, AS A SPECIES, WILL BE ON THE BRINK OF EXTINCTION. Zerker 2008 [Sally F. , professor emeritus and senior scholar at York University, National Post, "Malthus was right", 7/11/08  Malthus saw the 18th-century phenomenon of continuous population increase as a threat to human civilization. Left unchecked, be believed, populations would double themselves every 25 years, a growth rate that would quickly outstrip the available food supply. This Malthusian idea soon took on the mantra of certainty: Unlimited population growth has only ended in disastrous famines and starvation. In recent months, food prices have risen dramatically and suddenly. In the past year, the price of wheat is up 120%. The costs of cooking oil, rice and other staples have doubled since January. For the 1.5-billion people who live on less than $2 a day, food typically accounts for almost their entire meager budget. Soaring food prices represent a calamity for these people, which explains why: At current inflated prices, we can expect outright starvation in the poorer regions of the world why food riots have broken out across the globe. But it is not only the dramatic rise in food prices that are a clear indignation of this eminent threat, A study by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) called the Global Environment Outlook which involved 1,400 scientists and took five years to prepare comes to similar conclusions. It "found that human consumption had far outstripped available resources. Each person on Earth now requires a third more land to supply his or her needs than the planet can supply. " It faults a failure to "respond to or recognize the magnitude of the challenges facing the people and the environment of the planet. .. 'The systematic destruction of the Earth's natural and nature-based resources has reached a point where the economic viability of economies is being challenged - and where the bill we hand to our children may prove impossible to pay'. For these reasons and more I value Quality Life, in this aspect of the word I mean it to occur when an individual is able to reach and acquire the maximum amount of resources needed. When this occurs an individual is able to flourish and can truly be happy because he has had more than just his basic needs met. And in order to achieve quality life we must ensure my value criterion, of not exceeding the carrying capacity, is preserved. Carry capacity is the population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment. In comparison to the human race we can see that resources are strained to the point where humans cannot live comfortably and safely, all in all it is safe to say that human beings are overpopulated. Overpopulated does not depend only on the size or density of the population, but on the ratio of population to available sustainable resources. Peter H. Gleick, President, Pacific Institute for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, California reported that," Social water issues can be measured by looking at per-capita water availability or use; i. e. , the water available or used in a region per person. Assuming that the world's renewable freshwater supply is relatively constant, the average amount of water available per person in 1850 was about 43,000 cubic meters per year. By 1990, this figure had dropped to 9,000 cubic meters per year, simply because of the increase in global population. When measured this way, the spatial and temporal distribution problems become even more evident. As we can see we are becoming dangerously close to exceeding our carrying capacity and in some areas we all ready have. Contention 1) DISEASE PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN CHECKING POPULATION EXPANSION. MODERN MEDICINE HAS DESTROYED THIS NATURAL CHECK. Hardin 1991 [Garret, PROFESSOR EMERITUS HUMAN ECOLOGY AT UCSB, "From Shortage to Longage: Forty Years in the Population Vineyards"  The potential of exponential growth in the human population is a standing threat of human welfare. Until very recently, however, this threat was mitigated by the sporadic eruption of such crowd-diseases as dysentery, cholera and plague which, at their worst, could wipe out a quarter to a half of a population in a year or two. Or viruses, such as Adeno-associated virus; which acts by rendering males infertile, were to occur infertility on a large-scale would happen, causing a mass scale viral epidemic and thus resulting in a natural human population-control over time. However supposed "pre-cautionary" measures such as inoculation and vaccination has made it so disease and viruses such as these are unable to occur and to and ensure the population is in check. This is true because the fact of the matter is that vaccinations work. As my opponent surly agrees and has expressed in their case "Vaccines save lives". However as I have proved this is where the problem occurs. When vaccinations save the lives of individuals who ought to have been sickened and possibly killed by nature we are tampering with the cycle of life. When vaccinations prevent nature from performing customary population checks, the world becomes overpopulated and the overall value of life for individuals diminishes for all. Contention 2) OVERPOPULATION LEADS TO GENOCIDAL WARS. Kodel 2004 [Gary S. , M. D. , family physician in private practice in Los Angeles, volunteer for The Children's Nature Institute, 2004, World Future Society, Global Strategies Forum "Why Are We So Vulnerable? " Overpopulation caused crowded living conditions with enhanced competition for scarce resources, which contributed to the development of a style of war unique to civilization: the destruction of human cultures causing reductions in human diversity - genocide - rendering humanity vulnerable to changes leading to human extinction. A clear example of this is the situation currently underway in Darfur. Darfur's current genocidal warfare can be blamed on overpopulation. The gradual reduction in annual precipitation, coupled with a growing population, had begun a cycle in which increased use of arable land along the southern edge of the Sahara increased the rate of desertification, which in turn increased the use of the remaining arable land. As a result the region was plunged into a horrific famine. The World Health Organization reported that a campaign against measles reached over 2 million children in Darfur with vaccinations to treat and cure the illness against measles, and another campaign was launched to reach another 150 000 children from 9 months to 15 years in remote areas of North Darfur controlled by the Sudanese Liberation Movement (SLM). Now at a glance this may seem like terrific new but put into perspective it is the opposite. When these children are cured they become a viable target for the SLM to abduct and brainwash into a soldier, or they risk becoming they next target. As we can clearly see the situation in Darfur is horrendous and due to the fact that the population wasn't checked a genocidal war broke out, which sadly will most likely lead to the extinction of yet another culture. ========= REFUTATIONS ========= Framework: Con solves for better and no warrants to support the claim that lives saved = utility, the contrary may be assumed because of my case. C1: Mill also said "Over his own body man is Sovereign", so dismiss contention because of hypocrisy. C2: Extend, but keep in mind "Lives saved does not equal utility". C3: Individuals who die from disease open jobs for healthy, helping economy.