The world's history is mostly pre-determined to happen the way it has happened.

Will you bring up an interesting argument, Evolution. My question was about human history, but I certainly recognize the impact of the non-human organisms on human history. Now to argue in this debate you'd have to stick to the parameters of the question just like in any debate. The question states that world history ; the study of human development on every continent from the beginning of human history to modern times; that this would be the same on a twin planet. So for us to argue the topic we'd have to assume that humans are present in the other planet. Now as to the other organisms, I am convinced they would have an appearance on the other planet is as well, in fact all of them at the same relative time. Now I'm not talking about a timeline that que's the organisms when to come into existence and when to be extinct. When I say relative, I mean relative to each other. My argument isn't that human history would be a copy. My argument is that it would be a relative copy, in fact the question of the debate uses the word "similar." So I do not think the burden of proof is on me. Back to evolution. The theory of evolution revolves around natural selection, those most adapted to their local environment will survive , and those most responsive to change will survive in the long run. If there is a twin planet it would have the same initial environment as Earth did. Therefore the organisms the same organisms would develop, because they have to develop certain characteristics that allow them to live in the conditions that are present. Then as the planet matures like Earth did, the organisms will have to develop answers to new problems that face them, and like a math problem there is only one answer. Because each organism can only have one answer to the problem that's challenging it, I believe that if there was a twin earth, the organisms would be the same. Many may be skeptical that there is only one way to adapt to the environment for all organisms, that's clearly not the case, many organisms have found different answers to the same solution. The problem is that when animals evolve it takes a long time, many die out before that dire change that needs to be made is complete. The change that the animal needs to make has to a)work together with every other part of that organisms; because that organisms doesn't have time to change it's entire biological structure to fit that need, and if it does it might put it in a bad position for the next evolutionary change. and B) The changes needs to be the fastest one possible; taking too long to evolve(relatively) could lead to an extinct species. So yes there are many answers for one problem overall, when we take it down to the species level, each animal can't use the answer of another animal, there is one answer for that animal. So because the habitats are the same on the twin planets , evolution will take its course, because all evolution is , is organisms adapting to their environment, and if the environment is the same, the adaptations would be the same. You argue that thoughts and actions cannot be predicted. I will say that specific thoughts cannot be predicted, but we can logically come up with thoughts that a human would be facing, and actions that are eminent. If a human hasn't eaten in a week, we know that hunger is on its mind. We know that if the parents of that human has taught him how to fish, and there is a lake nearby, we can deduce that, that human will try to fish. Why? because A) he is hungry and B) he knows that fishing will solve his hunger. If that human is armed with a spear, we can deduce that he will use that spear to fish. A humans actions are determined by that human. However human's act based on things they have no control over. They act based on want, and based on need, and according to the means available to them for that action. So if we know what they want and need, and we know what they have access to, we can deduce their actions. Granted some humans may not act they way the should act to solve a problem. However society as a whole will produce one individual or a group of individuals who will. And that is why the human history on a twin planet will be similar. Now in regards to my astronomy there I was a bit off. I was trying to explain how orbital escape velocity relates to Earth. What I was trying to do is help develop that logical sequence that is familiar in my argument. There are many theorize as to why Earth is the planet life began, or how water got on earth. They vary differently in what they say but they are all constructed logically.