Increase Social Services for persons living in poverty.

===> CX Questions <=== How many people will be helped? How much will the plan cost? How much revenue will a cigarette tax increase bring in? Are there any similar programs in place? How can you guarantee that graduates will find jobs? How does one qualify for this service? (By this I mean income levels). Define "poverty," please. ===> Harms <=== The negative accepts the Harms and intends to run a counterplan. ===> Inherency <=== A/C) Day Care Too Expensive [Wall Street Journal, ‘09] The Community Reinvestment Act (Stimulus Bill) of 2009 provides a $2 billion increase in grants to states for childcare services for low-income working parents B) College Too Expensive [Wall Street Journal, '09] "The Stimulus Bill of 2009 provides a $17.4 billion increase for Pell Grants, increases in student aid, and college work study programs." ===> Solvency <=== OBSERVATION 1 – Plan Taxing cigarettes has significant unintended consequences, from lowering usage rates (thus negating the revenue increase from the tax), increasing smuggling activities, and other related crimes. [LaFaive et. al, '08] "There are ancillary impacts that have negative effects -- smuggling, theft, murders over cigarette smuggling, and financing terrorism." A) The piece of evidence the affirmative cites is regarding the UN MDG goals. Its stated purpose is to reduce "extreme poverty," child mortality rates, fight epidemics such as AIDS and "developing global partnerships for development." Clearly what this is talking about is helping developing countries. The US is not a developing country. Every day, Romsaas Wang sees children die of preventable diseases because their mothers could not read and write." This is obviously not describing America. The solvency does not match the harms; the case is not prima facie. B) "Investing In America's Youngest Children Is Essential for an Effective Stimulus Plan and a Long-Term Boost to Economy… Early childhood programs not only will free parents to take new jobs, they can directly contribute in many other ways to the positive effects of a stimulus package." This is basically making recommendations for a hypothetical stimulus package. As I stated in inherency, the stimulus bill has already been passed. In addition to the daycare programs I cited, there has also been a $2.1 billion increase in early childhood development. C) "People with a College Education are less likely to be in Poverty" Increasing the money available for education does not improve attendance. [Holzer, '07] "Recent research suggests that Pell grants have not increased college attendance among low-income youth." Also, student loans increase the cost of college tuition. (evidence in 2NC) Finally, even assuming that the affirmative plan DOES improve college attendance, educational attainment is very loosely linked to income. [Schiller,'‘08] "Empirical studies that examine variations in individual wage levels find that educational attainment accounts for a very small proportion of that variation. Earnings gaps among people of equal education have been increasing at least as fast as gaps between individuals of different educational attainments. Inherent ability, inherited wealth, geographical location, motivation, discrimination, economic conditions, and simple luck will all influence a person's income opportunities. As a result, the income distribution of college graduates overlaps that of high school dropouts. Some high school dropouts earn more than college graduates. Over a million college graduates are poor." ===> Disads <=== IMMIGRATION MAGNET A) Uniqueness- Illegal immigrants are leaving the country now due to lack of jobs [Drash, ‘09] "America's economic boom created a high demand of day workers. Many of those jobs have evaporated, resulting in more and more immigrants flooding day labor job sites and standing on street corners. Immigration experts say evidence suggests day laborers have begun packing as a result of the economy and tougher immigration enforcement." B) Link - Illegal Aliens Eligible for Social Security Benefits [Hayes, 03] "You don't have to be an American to receive SSI payments. Like food stamps, Medicaid and almost every other form of social insurance that America has developed to help its citizens, SSI is targeted by people from other countries as a tool to materially improve their lives without work." C) Impacts 1. Illegal immigrants increase taxes to pay for Medicaid. [Melchior,'07] "Unlimited access to all kids also hurts veterans and and senior citizens because rising property taxes --directly related to the expense of education and health care for illegal immigrants -- forces them to sell homes they've owned for years but can no longer afford. Likewise, wounded Illinois veterans are the lowest nationwide." 2. Decline in the economy causes war INTERNAL LINK: Illegal Immigration Hurts the US economy because it attracts unskilled workers. [Malanga, '09] "Illegal immigrants from countries with poor, ill-educated populations yield a mismatch between today's immigrants and the American economy and has left workers poorly positioned to succeed for the long term. Many of today's arrivals are farm workers in their home countries who come here with little education or even basic training in blue collar occupations like carpentry or machinery. Nearly 2/3 of Mexican immigrants are high school dropouts." IMPACT [Mead, '98] "Think about the Great Depression. The biggest impact was WWII. Let the economy crash far enough and we stop playing ‘The Price is Right' and start up a new round of 'Saving Private Ryan.'" The negative intends to run a FEDERALISM disad in the 2NC. I will outline it here. 1.UNIQUENESS – Federalism is being restored in the present system 2. LINK – Increasing social services violates federalism 3. IMPACTS – Crowding out state efforts, coercion, tyranny, & war As well as a CROWD OUT disad 1. UNIQUENESS – Private charities stable despite recession 2. LINK – Government spending crows out private charity 3. IMPACTS – Crowds out private efforts to solve, necessary to promote democracy/civil society ===> Topicality <=== The negative declares the right to present topicality arguments in 2NC, which will be determined by the affirmative answers to CX questions. ===> Counterplan <=== The USFG should abolish all social services effective immediately. OBSERVATION 1 - Competition A) The CP is mutually exclusive: you can't abolish social services and increase them. B) The CP is ideologically competitive and is necessary to test the fundamental assumptions of a liberal welfare state. C) The CP is legitimate because it has a solvency advocate. OBSERVATION 2 – Solvency A) Current welfare policies are responsible for generational poverty [Tanner, '96] "Welfare creates incentives that increase poverty causing behavior such as unwed motherhood and decrease poverty-avoiding behavior such as work. Poor individuals who do not receive welfare are nearly 2 and a half times more likely to escape poverty within a year than are individuals who receive welfare." B) Bureaucratic waste robs the market of resources that would be creating jobs and solving poverty. [Tanner, '96] "70 cents out of every dollar goes, not to poor people, but to government bureaucrats and others who serve the poor. Few private charities have the bureaucratic overhead and inefficiency of government programs." C) Abolishing welfare leads to increased charitable giving. [Flynn, '02] "Despite the recession in public spending on social services beginning in the mid-to-late 1970s—between 1977 and 1982 federal social service spending declined almost 30 percent in real terms the number, revenues, and employees of social service agencies could continue to grow. The reason was marketization, the sharp growth in the financing of social services to a broadening client base. From 197