The Undeniable Proof That Evolution Didn't Happen

Increasing entropy Pro's argument for monotonically increasing entropy was thoroughly disproved, and subsequently abandoned it. Mutations are common I addressed the rarity of mutations and the associated probability calculations in round one. Observable mutations are not at all rare, with about one in twelve human live births having an observable birth defect. Moreover, observable positive mutations are also common, as shown by the success of selectively breeding animals like dogs and race horses. Most mutations have no observable effect. "The average human being has about 50-100 mutations, of which about 3 matter, i.e., they actually change a protein. If the typical mutation were deleterious life would go extinct in short order." [1.http://www.talkorigins.org...] Most mutations are neutral, having neither positive nor negative effect. There are mechanisms in human physiology that work to try to correct mutations, thereby minimizing the changes. Positive Mutations Of the mutations that have an effect, often whether it is positive or negative depends upon the environment. There are many examples of animals evolving to match the color or patterns in their environments. Matching provides concealment from predators, so whatever happens to match tends to be naturally selected. In a vivid illustration of natural selection at work, scientists at Harvard University have found that deer mice living in Nebraska's Sand Hills quickly evolved lighter coloration after glaciers deposited sand dunes atop what had been much darker soil. http://www.physorg.com... Another example is that the sickle cell mutation in humans is generally harmful, but it increases resistance to malaria so it can be beneficial if malaria is common. Other examples of positive mutations documented in the scientific literature are [1]: Bacterial resistance to antibiotics Bacterial ability to digest nylon Lactose tolerance in humans Resistance to atherosclerosis in humans Immunity or resistance to HIV in humans The positive mutation that gives HIV resistance is explained as follows: "... a specific 32 base pair deletion in human CCR5 (CCR5-Δ32) confers HIV resistance to homozygotes and delays AIDS onset in heterozygotes.[42] The CCR5 mutation is more common in those of European descent. One possible explanation of the etiology of the relatively high frequency of CCR5-Δ32 in the European population is that it conferred resistance to the bubonic plague in mid-14th century Europe. People with this mutation were more likely to survive infection; thus its frequency in the population increased.[43] This theory could explain why this mutation is not found in southern Africa, where the bubonic plague never reached. A newer theory suggests that the selective pressure on the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation was caused by smallpox instead of the bubonic plague." [2. http://en.wikipedia.org...] Increasing complexity' One of the mechanisms of mutation is gene duplication. [2] This provides for keeping a function intact in a gene while the duplicate mutates adding complexity to the organism. Summary Contrary to Pro's claims, mutations are extremely common, with the average person having 50-100. Most are neutral and many others may be either positive or negative depending upon the environment. Both mechanisms in the human body and natural selection tend to suppress propagation of negative mutations. Natural selection perpetuates positive mutations. Pro claims his beliefs are immune to change, never mind if they are contradicted by facts. Pro did not address the arguments I made in R1. In a debate it is a conduct violation to fail to address the debate topic or to ignore your opponent. The forum for speaking while ignoring everyone else is a blog, not a debate. Pro forfeited R2, another conduct violation. Pro's assertion that what is "common sense" to him need not be proved is false. Little of what Pro suggests is common sense, and if it were it would still have to be proved because many scientific facts defy common sense. Evolution defies common sense because of the large time spans over which evolution occurs. We only see small changes over the course of a few generations,so we cannot naturally extrapolate to what happens over millions or billions of years. I hope this debate was interesting to those not immune to new information. The resolution is negated.