BeIR/webis-touche2020 huggingface dataset:
Summary

There are three major clashes areas in this debate: 1. The cause of a lack of consumer spending and the ways to fix this 2. Effectiveness of govs and corps in stimulating the economy 3. Short and long term effects each actor will have on society 1. Consumers refrain from spending due to a lack of money from unstable employment andwages, and inflation. Prop said that its ‘stimulus package’ will increase corp’s investment, growth, and provide employment. However, it failed to provide any direct link as to why tax cuts will necessarily encourage profit-driven corps to create more employment. Also, prop agrees every SP has the risk of inflation which is problematic as inflations fuel recessions. Opp, however, proved how regulation is necessary for stable income &employment, to circulate more money into the economy. In both prop and opp’s worlds, tax cuts are going to result in lack of gov revenues. Prop wishes to solve this problem by relocating gov expenses, such as from defense and medicaid. This is incredibly absurd in that prop has already conceded that things like social programs, designed to help the citizens, are essential to a nation, while its plan is directly taking money out of them. 2. Reasons why prop believes corps are more effective economy stimulators are a)they make swift decisions, b)they dont worry about public perception and c)they have expertise. Opp sees that governments think through their actions and weigh the pros and cons to prevent making irrational decisions. Further, ‘swiftness’ is not an attribute to get us out of a recession that we haven’t been able to get out of for over 8 years. Further, the existence of corps depends on public perception. Lastly, expertise is not unique to corporations; govs in fact have more expertise since they are designed to deal with a nation in crisis. 3. Prop believes that due to urgency of recession, we need immediate short term solutions. Opp sees this as putting a bandage on a wound without healing it and that there cannot be any ‘recovery’ if there are not any real reforms. We have been in the recession for years now, and clearly, short term focuses that result in immediate money, but end in bigger problems, are not what we should strive towards. Tax cuts and deregulation, which may provide a little more money for the citizens, are a)not enough to greatly boost spending, and b)come with great costs, like human rights violations. What the Opp has shown in this debate is that there is not only economy that will be affected by tax cuts and deregulation, but also other factors, such as the environment and human rights. Ultimately, the reason we are trying to save the economy is to help the people, and Opp has proven that employment/economy, the environment in which people live in, and social programs for the people will be hurt through the motion.
Tax Cuts Harm Social Programs for Citizens

We have 3 levels of response 1.Opp does not understand the urgency of the situation at hand. Education and healthcare provide important, but as Opp conceded, “long-term” benefits. When businesses are toppling and households are going bankrupt, economic growth becomes priority and RECOVERY should come before REFORM. In fact, reform can only happen on top of recovery. If the entire economy is suffering where is the money to spend on public welfare programs? Providing a solid economic foundation through which more tax could be garnered will ultimately lead to better programs. Also we must consider why people, esp. poor households, take their children out of school to work in difficult times? It is only after basic materialistic needs are met, that people start looking for higher ideals and long-term goals. 2.Tax cuts do not directly lead to significant cuts in social infrastructure such as education. First, the reason these services are reduced during recessions is because the economy as a whole doesn’t have as much money. Second, while tax cuts sometimes lead to reduction of welfare programs such as Medicaid, it seldom touches something as fundamental as education. Finally, decrease in tax revenues could be made up by relocating gov. spending in other areas, e.g. defense spendings. 3.Opp misunderstands Prop’s case regarding tax. Despite their rebuttal to our arg4, we never said the reason people don’t spend is due to taxes. The entire first paragraph notes that the reason people don’t spend is due to the lack of money in the market—a point Opp agrees. So how do we remedy that? By directly injecting money into individual’s hands through tax cuts! Also creation of more jobs was our arg2. Finally Prop does not understand why investments are bad as it stimulates the economy. In fact, Opp’s claim is in line with past research that proves tax hikes have negative impact on GDP whereas tax cuts have positive impact[[http://tinyurl.com/ah732t]]
Regulation is Necessary for the Stabilization of Markets and Employment

Also pertinent to the state of economy is the stability of markets. Countries today are suffering from financial crisis because the markets are simply unstable. Stability of markets maintains stable product value, which then keeps consumer trust on top. With stable markets that come with regulations, high consumer trust will be a guarantee. The consumers will contribute to the national/global markets. Money circulating throughout the markets is the start of stimulating the economy and breaking free from the crisis. This is also similar to how the stable foreign investments keep the national market at stake. To clarify, having stable markets is beneficial for both national/global markets and foreign investments. The Prop has suggested that we give out loans to the corporations to be able to bring themselves out of the recession. This is not feasible with their plan because 1) Tax cuts decrease govt revenue substantially, and makes it hard for govt to hand out large sums of money. 2) Corporations without regulations will spend the govt money on things like more Christmas bonuses for exec employees. What the opp is suggesting is that we do not deregulate or have tax cuts, but rather give more job opportunities by saving the companies with the REGULATED tax revenues. GM lost 19.6% of their market share and Ford had their biggest los:; $12.7 billion, over last few years. These two companies are two big job providers of US. The govt gave them money to keep their businesses going, regulating on what they are spending the money on. Having regulations and tax revenues mean saving a lot of jobs, the companies, and money, while forbidding the companies from using the revenue money on other things. [[http://goo.gl/5e9YY]] [[http://goo.gl/40qPC]].
Ability To Recover

Prop states that the stimulus pkg(SP) will create jobs and increase consumer spending, this is the same outcome Opp desires; the problem is with the proposed solution. Furthermore, refer to how gov regulations have affected businesses positively in C3. Primarily, prop failed to provide a direct link of SP to the resolution, explanations of how SP will create jobs or put more money into circulation is absent. Furthermore, past SP have been declared a failure. [[http://goo.gl/XC2j5]] Harvard's Martin Feldstein, head of the National Bureau of Economic Research stated people who get one-time windfalls usually use them to increase savings or pay off debt, neither of which results in the purchase of new goods and services. In this case, the SP cost $160 billion and did nothing for the economy. [[http://goo.gl/O0tC4]] Govts can stimulate an economy through granting consumers, workers and businesses sums of borrowed money. The main impact of SP is an increase in debt; raise future taxes and distort the normal functions of economic markets and personal and corporate decision making. Second, as prop acknowledges, the benefits of SP will be “short term”. Studies by the Federal Reserve, the Congressional Budget Office and the Joint Committee on Taxation indicate that stimulus pkgs and tax cuts would increase the size of the economy slightly and temporarily but would reduce growth in the long term [[http://goo.gl/3uKK7]] Opp is confused about the second part of the prop’s scheme. They say every SP has the risk of inflation which opp definitely wants to avoid, but we would like to focus more on the harms of deregulation and tax cuts, not SP. Moreover, their sources overall provide invalid evidence to back up their arguments, their third one has expired, and their first source talks about mass transits. Prop wishes to see more direct engagement with their arguments as well as the resolution.
Governments and Corporations should focus their economies towards individuals.

Opposition believes that job creation is essential in developing a country’s economy. When more people are employed, the economy is more likely to boost the economy. Through government support, more of the population will be able to be entrepreneurs to create new businesses. Job creation is the redeeming quality of companies. The role of companies in the economy is to decrease the rate of unemployment and to see money being circulated in the economy, since people will have stable employment. Govts in general are obligated to regulate the economy as it is focused toward the people and to be free of any corruption or unethical practices. The role of taxes as well as government is to generate sufficient revenue to finance public sector activities toward the citizens, and employees. A government should prioritize its concerns about corps to better their citizens. Taxes also fulfill the need and desire for increased public services, and the capacity to levy taxes effectively. “No one likes taxes. People do not like to pay them. Govts do not like to impose them…While necessary, taxes impose real costs on society. Good tax policy seeks to minimize those costs.” Especially in situation with less regulation and tax cuts are going to be actuated, more corps seek chances to exploit their workers, manipulate their investments, and go against human rights. The investment and financial resources, which would be in the hands of big corps, does not fall to the hands of workers or citizens. Regulations and taxations are a means for governments to scrutinize companies and make sure that they have standards on employment and practices. Govts are not only involved in economics but also mandated to reflect many other social factors too including concerns about fairness and feasibility in dealing with their people. While individual corps is interested soley on profits, govt should examine the big picture and try to impact the economy holistically. 1-http://goo.gl/sohdy
Tax cuts lead to market stimulation

Proposition states that citizens are not spending enough money because of taxes, and the solution to that problem IS NOT deregulations and tax cuts because the former is an uncorroborated speculation. They state that tax cuts will make people spend more money, but without any substantiations. Taxes are not what hinder citizens from spending money, but it is the unease over unstable personal economy. Unemployment intermittently occurs in the state of economic downfall, and the consumer psychology isn’t one particularly auspicious. Thus, there’s only a limited expense in markets, which thus harms the economy by limiting the amount of money circulating in the economy. The government side needs to realize that the reason why people don’t spend money is the lack of money. So, giving sustainable job opportunities are the first step to solve this problem not tax cuts. Tax cuts actually do not make people spend more money but it makes people invest them. Harvard's Martin Feldstein, head of the National Bureau of Economic Research stated that people who get one-time windfalls usually use them to increase savings or pay off debt, neither of which directly results in the purchase of new goods and services. In this case, the SP cost $160 billion and did nothing for the economy. Moreover, in our third contention we have made it clear that regulations are needed for stable market, which is a quintessential prerequisite for stable patronage. Stable patronage, of course, comes before substantial monetary expenses. Whatever economic policy we adopt, our goal is to maintain the market as stable as possible, not leaving rooms for fluctuations. Thus, not only does the Proposition fail to understand the causes of limited expense in markets, but also they do not understand the drawbacks of the tax cuts and deregulations. We the Opposition believe that for the sake of stable market, the regulations need be in place, if we really want to keep consumer expenses up.
Cutting taxes, no bailouts, and selective deregulation to keep market forces alive and promote efficiency.

We directly quote the Prop in its intro,” the Prop will not specifically place-set nor time-set the context under which the debate is going to happen so that a fair and meaningful debate that does not bicker over specific policies.” There was no policy nor model listed under the Prop, and we can conclude that Prop’s accusation that we have “misunderstood” its policy is the result of a communication error, which Prop is to blame for. Prop has conceded that some regulations are necessary. It has followed this claim with listing regulations which it thinks do not increase consumer spending, such as “bailouts to selected firms.” However, bailouts are essential to consumer spending, in that they maintain jobs for the employees of the targetted corps., and increase money going into the pop. The nature of Govt Bailouts will be explored after we directly engage with the single example presented by prop to showcase the ‘effectiveness’ of deregulation. The example Prop has brought up about how deregulation has helped out the US airlines in the mid 1990 is flawed in that 1)the US airlines weren’t in an economic recession when the deregulation took place. It made no link to suggest any positive effect could be duplicated during this global crisis 2)the basic premise it hoped to prove with the example was not actualized. Deregulation has actually decreased the efficiency of the airlines. In fact, “The airlines recorded a net operating loss of $421 M as early as 1981, when the number of passengers fell to 286 million.” [[http://goo.gl/2tYmn]] Bailouts and regulations do far more for jobs; not deregulation. We can see this in the GM and Ford bailouts, which were incredibly successful (refer to Opp C3, which was unrefuted.) Further, competition, something Prop values greatly, cannot exist if all corp.s and businesses do not function. Regulated bailouts actually help maintain the diversity of players in businesses, allowing for competition-delivered consumer
Tax Cuts Harm Social Programs for Citizens

Social programs play a big part in the economy. We believe that it’s better for consumer spending if people don’t have to pay tons of money for their private schools or healthcare. They don’t just create better social systems but also provide a lot of benefits in regard to long-term economic growth through a greater quantity of educated citizens. Education will provide more jobs because it opens door and grants more opportunities to individuals. When people are employed, it boosts the economy. An educated population is more likely to bring forth entrepreneurs to create new businesses. Also it encourages general innovators to address world and national issues such as the economy, and then we would be able to see money being circulated in the economy, since people will have stable employment. We need to realize the fact that tax cuts will ruin these benefits by restricting the government’s ability to provide these social programs, which are the key to bringing our economy back on track. Taxes can be a bit of an additional burden, but it helps the economy and the society significantly. An educated population is less restricted in class-movement because of the added opportunities, while it creates a stronger middle-class, which is vital to a diverse economy. For example, in India, the schooling provision favors those better off, and disadvantaged groups have less access to poorer quality education [[]http://goo.gl/ITPKs]] Not only this, but in Bangladesh, Marginalized and disadvantaged groups in general—particularly the rural and urban poor—have had significantly less access to education. [[http://goo.gl/d4GSp]] Therefore, with tax-cuts, we cannot expect the govt to provide any social programs, nor have any improvements on our economy.
Government Intervention is Necessary for the Protection of Workers and Citizens

Fundamental cause of high unemployment is lack of demand. We must focus on incentives for businesses, not sugarcoated comfort on public that only exacerbates public rage and despair. This is exactly why we prioritize providing pro-business environment. Even that aside, Opp has serious antilogies. It claimed that loan to businesses is detrimental. Not to mention that loan was never our point, opp now sees bailout as a stabilizer of employment. Opp also argued “windfall” is useless; isn’t bailout THE windfall? Opp TOTALLY misunderstands deregulation. We don’t aim to repeal basic regulations for welfare, and minimum wage is definitely one of them. Now one is not mutually exclusive, and one is contradictory—what’s left in Opp’s reasoning? How does Opp arrogantly assume our model HARMs workers when we outline development and more money to individuals while opp only promises stabilization at best; when that promise is flawed? Opp lists ESSENTIAL regulations for consumers—IRRELAVANT. We don’t aim to abolish those on discrimination, corruption, and transparency. We don’t want anything imposed ON TOP of those—licensing, barriers of entry, price setting, etc. that can come AFTER recovery. For example, GOP opposes to new 219 regulations on small businesses, just seven of which cost more than $100 billion and thus hamper job growth.[[http://tinyurl.com/6zow9zs]] It is preposterous to accuse us of disarming guardians of public interest. And it’s offensive to feign a moral ground with public interest, when individuals’ private interest is driving force of capitalism that we aim to foster. Opp goes on praising govt with “innovative projects” but let’s remember point1: corps. are better decision-makers. What did we learn from the Great Depression, which wasn’t solved by New Deal but by the wartime economy that nourished industries? At the simplest level, corporations hire experts with large salary—how can they NOT be more adept than govt work
Ability To Recover

The stimulus package that we propose tackles not only job creation and consumer spending in the short term but also cultivates the economy’s recuperative powers. This prepares the economy in recovering itself with speed in future crises. History taught us that tax cuts and deregulation, as compared to direct gov spending and monetary policies, entail the least side-effects and encourage business activity in the optimal way. Our scheme contains two parts: 1) Encouraging real investment. Our direction helps businesses—in differing degrees for each, depending on the industry—to improve their production. Such support for the supply side channels capital toward productive investment, which may manifest in new technologies, human capital upgrading. [[http://www.theatlanticcities.com/jobs-and-economy]] The result is “natural Keynesianism”; voluntary investment from the supply sector creates capital with which the economy can recover vigor. By extension, businesses increase its capacity to respond to economic pressures on its own. Past instances have shown that businesses under deregulation are more free to engage in contracts that maximize their productive capacity as well, resulting in more jobs and benefits for consumers. [[http://www.seek4media.com/money/]] 2) Stimulating production without risk of too much inflation. Any monetary stimulus carries this risk. Multiplier effect would enlarge the money supply out of control in the post-crisis period, which would hurt consumer confidence once again—this has often led to double dips in past crises, including the 1980-1982 US recession. [[http://www.nuwireinvestor.com/articles/inflation]] In the worst case, recession coupled with inflation can incur stagflation which leaves lasting damage on supply chains and keeps private investment low. Tax cuts and deregulation, on the other hand, are fiscal approaches that can encourage businesses with less concern of excess liquidity.
An Examination of Today's World Proves Government Regulation is Essential.

We hope Opp’s observation of regulations, our claims, and government is at least as accurate as that of corporations. 1. The only regulations Opposition know are loans and bailouts. Nobody needs a colossal Oxford Dictionary to realize those aren’t regulations. Regulations are restrictions on businesses made to protect the public good-monopolies, corruption, quality fraud, etc. Loans and bailouts are POLICIES that help corporations in crises—they are in nature IRRELAVANT to debate, if not favoring us, since it principally puts businesses in charge and govt, assistance. It was put in the scope of this debate since Opp advocated, but we showed Opp can’t advocate that without avoiding contradictions. Now, why do we waste time in trivia? 2. Above all, Opp was seemingly concerned about business corruption, yet it never showed how govt regulations can stop it. Opp failed to provide any regulations pertinent to the matter and logical steps showing efficacy of those regulations. Opp’s point here is thus invalid; and halfheartedness suggests after all Opp doesn’t oppose our principle, businesses not govt. Even if Opp WERE concerned, we emphasized that regulations on corruption must be kept; this is not a point of dispute. Opp must stop cheap extreme attacks and rather present fundamental reasoning behind the superior management of govt it premises. 3. Speaking about principles, opp does not prove how govt is immune from corruption—another reason this argument is invalid. Govt does not comprise thousands of Mother Theresa; just like corporations, it’s a collective body of human beings with greed. Besides, aren’t govt officials, who are paid less, who have control over and more knowledge on loan delivery process, who have sated understanding (and latent anger) of abysmal blackhole of bureaucracy, susceptible to corruption? Opp may rhapsodize about public scrutiny; but sure, public scrutiny did its job for Abu Ghraib, not an informant with conscience.