India treats its minorities better than Pakistan

Religious, historical and sociocultural factors have helped define the bounds of endogamous groups for Muslims in South Asia, the Middle East and other parts of world. There is a preference for endogamous marriages based on the clan-oriented nature of the society, which values and actively seeks similarities in social group identity based on several factors, including religious, sectarian, ethnic, and tribal/clan affiliation. Religious affiliation is itself multi-layered and includes religious considerations other than being Muslim, such as sectarian identity (e.g. Shia or Sunni, etc.) and religious orientation within the sect (Ithnā"ashariyyah, Ismaili). Both ethnic affiliation (e.g. Sindhi, Baloch, Punjabi, etc.) and membership of specific Biraderis or Jat/Quoms (see Jatis) are additional integral components of social identity. Within the bounds of endogamy defined by the above parameters, close consanguineous unions are preferred due to a congruence of key features of group- and individual-level background factors as well as affinities.The social stratification among Muslims in the "Swat" area of North Pakistan has been meaningfully compared to the Caste system in India. The society is rigidly divided into subgroups where each Quom is assigned a profession. Different Quoms are not permitted to intermarry or live in the same community. These Muslims practice a ritual-based system of social stratification. The Quoms who deal with human emissions are ranked the lowest.Stephen M. Lyon of University of Kent has written about what he calls "Gujarism", the act of Gurjars in Pakistan seeking out other Gurjars to form associations, and consolidate ties with them, based strictly on caste affiliation. This is just to tell my honourable opponent that caste is a social problem in South Asia not restricted to Hindus. Furthermore I'd like to add that the Indian Constitution was majorly written by a Dalit, Dr Ambedkar. While the situation of the caste system in India is still undoubtedly a problem I'd like to add that the Indian Prime Minister Mr Narendra Modi is himself from a lower caste. India has taken many measure for the protection of Lower Castes which mainly includes reservation. Reservation in India is the process of setting aside a certain percentage of seats (vacancies) in government institutions for members of backward and under-represented communities (defined primarily by caste and tribe). Reservation is a form of quota-based affirmative action. Reservation is governed by constitutional laws, statutory laws, and local rules and regulations. Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Other Backward Classes (OBC) are the primary beneficiaries of the reservation policies under the Constitution " with the object of ensuring a "level" playing field.The reservation system has received a mixed response from Indians since its inception. It has been praised for diminishing the gap between the upper and lower castes by allowing the latter to enjoy the further increased opportunities as the former in jobs, education and governance by allotting seats exclusively for them. It has also been criticised for discouraging a merit-based system and encouraging vote bank politics. Opponents of the reservation system claim that it reaffirms discrimination on the basis of caste. Some opponents also believe that the reservation system is essentially against the fundamental right to Equality. Allegations of Reverse discrimination are also heard of in public debates on the issue. In Case of the Union government this stands at 15% for SCs (which includes Dalits), 7.5% for Scheduled Tribes, 27% for Other Backward Classes with the total Constitutional Reservation standing at 49.5% with the others General (Open to all including SC/ST and OBC) 50.5%. In India most of the scholarships or student aid is available only for OBC's,SC,ST,BC, Women, Minorities & Muslims. As per Rediff Labs, only 0.7% of scholarships or student aid in India is based on merit. Furthermore even Pakistan divides its Hindus on the basis of Jati and scheduled caste. A common form of past discrimination in India was the practice of untouchability. Scheduled Castes (SCs) are the primary targets of the practice, which is outlawed by the Constitution of India. An untouchable person is considered "impure or a lowly human."During the Vedic period, the varna system was used. However, it was possibly based on the profession one chose rather than based on the birth[citation needed]. Also, it was possibly not elitist during the vedic times. Implying, all castes were considered equals. The system consisted of four ranked varnas. A person's varna was defined by his or her socio-economic duties (broadly classified into four classes or Varnas). These duties were either voluntarily performed or were assigned by the local administrator"one's varna was initially not defined by one's birth into any particular family. However, over the centuries, the system has changed to caste based on the person born in the linage than by his karma or profession. The primary stated objective of the Indian reservation system is to increase the opportunities for enhanced social and educational status of the underprivileged communities and thus uplift their lifestyle to have their place in the mainstream of Indian society. The reservation system exists to provide opportunities for the members of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribess to increase their political representation in the State Legislatures, the Executive Organ of the Union (Centre) and States, the labour force, schools, colleges, and other public institutions.The Constitution of India states in article 16(4): "Nothing in [article 16] or in clause (2) of article 29 shall prevent the State from making any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes." Article 46 of the Constitution states that "The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation."Today, out of 543 seats in India's parliament, 84 (18.42%) are reserved for SC/Dalits and 47 (8.66%)for ST/Tribes. Allocation of seats for Scheduled Castes and Tribes in the Lok Sabha are made on the basis of proportion of Scheduled Castes and Tribes in the State concerned to that of the total population, vide provision contained in Article 330 of the Constitution of India read with Section 3 of the R. P. Act, 1950.In 1982, the Constitution specified 15% and 7.5% of vacancies in public sector and government-aided educational institutes as a quota reserved for the SC and ST candidates respectively for a period of five years, after which the quota system would be reviewed.[10] This period was routinely extended by the succeeding governments. The Supreme Court of India ruled that reservations could not exceed 50% (which it judged would violate equal access guaranteed by the Constitution) and put a cap on reservations.However, there are state laws that exceed this 50% limit and these are under litigation in the Supreme Court. For example, the caste-based reservation stands at 69% and the same is applicable to about 87% of the population in the State of Tamil Nadu. In 1990, Prime Minister V. P. Singh announced that 27% of government positions would be set aside for OBCs in addition to the 22.5% already set aside for the SCs and STs. In some states Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra reservation even exceeds 50%. This shows the commitment of the Indian Government that isn't present in the case of Pakistan. Dalit Politicians like Mayawati, Fmr. CM of UP also enjoy popular support. The Current Vice President of India is a Muslim. Moreover it is worth adding that the famous Bollywood of India considers the Three KHANS as its stars.