A just society ought to presume consent for organ procurement from the deceased.

I value morality. Moral uncertainty should lead us to default towards preserving humanity as a meta-constraint on all ethical theories. Bostrom: “there is a great option value in preserving … our ability to recognize value and to steer the future accordingly. Ensuring that there will be a future version of humanity … is … the best way … to increase the probability that the future will contain a lot of value. …” And, epistemology comes first because it deals with how we come to know. This means my fw functions as a meta constraint to the NC framework because it means that even under their framework we’d have to take into account existential risks. Consequentialism - Moral considerations must be based in physical facts about our mental states because the universe is causally closed. Papineau: “the conservation of energy does imply that … if mental or vital forces arose spontaneously, then there would be nothing to ensure that they never led to energy increases. … Detailed physiological research, especially into nerve cells, gave no indication of any physical effects that cannot be explained in terms of basic physical forces that also occur outside living bodies. … since the only laws governing behaviour are those connecting behaviour with physical antecedents, mental events can only be causes of behaviour if they are identical with those physical antecedents.” This means util since there are no side-constraints in nature – suffering is a mental state which we have a reason to avoid. Even respect for the rationality of persons mandates consequentialism. Cummiskey: “If I sacrifice some for the sake of others, … I do not deny the unconditional value of rational beings. Persons may have … unconditional … worth … but persons also have a fundamental equality that dictates that some must sometimes give way for the sake of others … The concept of the end-in-itself thus … dictates that one … sacrifice some to save many.” Thus, the standard for the round is minimizing suffering. Hear me, o’ fateful travelers! The time of reckoning is approaching! ‘Tis not a fate of bombs and bullets, but of brains and biomass! This harbinger of doom carries no face, only a name. This agent of destruction works from within us, corrupting us from the inside out. Our prophet and savior, Max Brooks, writes(1): “Solanum works by traveling through the bloodstream, from the initial point of entry to the brain. Through means not yet fully understood, the virus uses the cells of the frontal lobe for replication … During this period, all bodily functions cease. By stopping the heart, the infected subject is rendered “dead”. The brain, however, remains alive but dormant, while the virus mutates its cells into a completely new organ. … This new organism is a zombie, a member of the living dead.” Solanum dooms us all. Once infected, there is zero chance of your survival. The prophet continues: “Once a human is infected, little can be done to save him or her. Because Solanum is a virus and not a bacteria, antibiotics have no effect. Immunization, the only way to combat a virus, is equally useless, as even the most minute dosage will lead to a full-blown infection. Genetic research is under way. … This and other, more radical treatments are still in the earliest stages, with no foreseeable success in the near future. Battlefield experiences have led to the immediate severing of the infected limb … but such treatments are dubious at best, with less than a 10 percent success rate. … the infected human was doomed from the moment the virus entered his or her system. …” And, Solanum dooms more than the human race. This pestilence will erase all life on Earth. The prophet clarifies: “Solanum is fatal to all living creatures, regardless of size, species, or ecosystem. … Studies have shown that Solanum infecting a non-human brain will die within hours of the death of its host …” And, Solanum is the germaphobe’s worst nightmare since it preys on their 99.99% germ killing safety net. Reject the movie-hyped mode of transfer and look at the real cause. The prophet furthers: “Solanum is 100 percent communicable and 100 percent fatal. Fortunately for the human race, the virus is neither waterborne nor airborne. … Infection can occur only through direct fluidic contact. A zombie bite, although by far the most recognizable means of transference, is by no means the only one. … even one organism is enough to begin the cycle.” The only way to prevent this is to stop all organ donation and to focus our efforts on finding a way to stop the Solanum virus. There’s four implications to this case. First, it negates since it gives us a reason not to want presumed consent. If we want to stop the potential spread of the Solanum virus, we need to stop all possible forms of transfer. If we don’t want organ donation, we certainly don’t want to presume that people want to donate organs. Second, it functions a priori to the aff. The only way that we can realize potential benefits to presumed consent is if we’re alive to see them. This means that if I’m winning on the negative, you negate before you even evaluate the AC. Third, it functions as a case turn to the AC. He wants to save lives by implementing presumed consent but that would just lead to our eventual doom. Fourth, it functions as an internal link turn to the AC. He cares about the quality of life for others while subsequently destroying all life in existence. And, reject your skepticism. Three reasons why we should be concerned about the zombie threat: a) It’s happened before. Look to the past to see examples stretching back as far as 3000 b.c. The prophet recalls: “A British dig in 1892 unearthed a nondescript tomb. … The body was found outside the open crypt … only partially decomposed. Thousands of scratch marks adorned every surface inside of the tomb, … Forensic experts have revealed that the scratches were made over a period of several years! The body … had several bite marks on the right radius. The teeth match those of a human. A full autopsy revealed that the dried, partially decomposed brain not only matched those infected by Solanum … but also contained trace elements of the virus itself. …” And, it’s not that it just happened millennia ago. The most recent outbreak was in 2002. The prophet continues: “A zombie … washed ashore on the northeast coast of … [St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands]. Local inhabitants were unsure of what to make of it, … The zombie, … began to pursue its onlookers. … Two members of the St. Thomas police arrived and ordered the “suspect” to halt. When no reply came, they fired a warning shot. The zombie did not respond. One of the officers fired two rounds into its chest, producing no effect. Before another volley could be delivered, a six-year-old boy, … ran up to the zombie and began to poke at it with a stick. The walking dead … grabbed the child and tried to raise it to its mouth. The two officers … attempted to wrestle the child from the zombie’s grip. At that moment, Jeremiah Dewitt, a recent immigrant … stepped out of the crowd, grabbed one of the officer’s sidearms and fired a round through the zombie’s head. Amazingly, no human was infected by the ghoul. … In one of the strangest twists of outbreak cover-ups … this case has taken on celebrity status. … toursists can buy “St. Thomas Zombie” photographs, T-shirts, sculptures, clocks, watches, and even children’s picture books at many of the shops in downtown Charlotte Amalie …” b) Increasing awareness is the only way to prepare. Conventional methods of fighting zombies will fail. The prophet explains: “The dead walk among us. Zombies … are the greatest threat to humanity … They are a plague, and the human race their host. … Conventional warfare is useless against these creatures, as is conventional thought. The science of ending life, … cannot protect us from an enemy that has no “life” to end. Does this mean the living dead are invincible? No. … Ignorance is the undead’s strongest ally, knowledge their deadliest enemy. …” And, the ability to think is our only advantage against the dead. Rejecting the possibility of zombies denies our only hope of survival. The prophet brings hope: “It has been proven, time and again, that our greatest advantage over the undead is our ability to think. The mental capacity of the average zombie ranks somewhere beneath that of an insect. On no occasion have they shown any ability to reason or employ logic. … Even picking up a rock to use as a weapon is beyond their grasp. … Imagine a computer programmed to execute one function. This function cannot be paused, modified, or erased. No new data can be stored. No new commands can be installed. This computer will perform that one function, over and over, until its power source eventually shuts down. This is the zombie brain. …” c) Only pre-emptive solutions have a chance. We need to act before an outbreak or else we could be doomed. Waiting out the problem won’t work. The prophet concludes the NC: “Almost all the microbe species involved in normal human decomposition have repeatedly rejected flesh infected by the virus, effectively embalming the zombie. … natural conditions such as moisture and temperature play an important role as well. Undead that prowl the bayous of Louisiana are unlikely to last as long as those in the cold, dry Gobi desert. Extreme situations, such as deep freezing or immersion in preservative fluid, could, hypothetically, allow an undead specimen to exist indefinitely. These techniques have been known to allow zombies to function for decades, if not centuries. …”Source:(1) - Brooks, Max. "The Zombie Survival Guide: Complete Protection From the Living Dead." (n.d.): n. pag. Web.