Race is much more than skin colour

"Humans don't have that much genetic variation"Intentionally misleading. Animals dont have that much genetic variation. "I spoke to the absence of this mutation, not the presence of it."Semantics. Lactose intolerance is the opposite to lactose persistance. "Lactose intolerance commonly occurs across races"Wrong. I provided 2 sources saying Europeans are 90% lactose tolerant."Bucharest Early Intervention Project""Prof. NELSON: These kids got longer. They got taller. They got - they weighed more, but their head circumference didn't change for the kids we placed in foster care.""Racism: Impact on child development"Whole argument irrelevant emotional appeal. Unless you can prove that racism makes Black skulls smaller on average, its just a waste of characters."Racism caused huge financial disparities, which influence IQ"Ive already explained how the differences in intelligence cannot be easily explained by environment, and thus, MUST be genetic to a significant degree. I would say at least 50%. "I ask that con identify genes that translate to such differences between races"Not necessary. Heritable traits must have causative genes. --First, it is a principle of evolutionary biology that when sub-populations of a species become geographically isolated and occupy different environments, they become genetically differentiated and eventually diverge so much that they become different species. It is in accordance with this principle that the races have become genetically differentiated for all characteristics for which there is genetic variation, including body shape; color of skin, hair, and eyes; prevalence of genetic diseases; and blood groups. It is inconceivable that intelligence would be the single exception to these differences. Some racial differences in intelligence must also have evolved as a matter of general biological principle. Second, the studies summarized in Table 13.1 show a consistency of the IQs of the races in a wide range of geographical locations that can only be explained by some genetic determination. Only a genetic factor can explain the consistency of these race differences in so many different environments.Third, the races differ consistently in IQ when they live in the same environments. Thus, Africans in the United States, Britain, the Netherlands, and Brazil consistently have lower IQs than whites. The same is true of South Asians and North Africans in Britain, and Continental Europe; of Arctic Peoples living with Europeans in Canada; of Australian Aborigines living with Europeans in Australia; and of Pacific Islanders living with Europeans in New Zealand and Hawaii. All these differences are consistent and add to the credibility of the genetic theory. Fourth, when babies from other races are adopted by Europeans in Europe and the United States, they retain the IQs characteristic of their race. Fifth, mixed-race individuals have IQs intermediate between those of the two parent races. When the amount of European ancestry in American blacks is assessed by skin color, dark-skinned blacks have an IQ of 85 and light-skinned blacks have an IQ of 92 (Lynn, 2002a), and there is a statistically significant association between light skin and intelligence. Sixth, the IQs of races explain the extent to which they made the Neolithic transition from hunter gathering to settled agriculture. This transition was made completely by the more intelligent races: the Europeans, the South Asians and North Africans, the East Asians, the Southeast Asians, and the Native Americans; to some extent by the Pacific Islanders; minimally by the Africans; but not at all by the Bushmen and Australian Aborigines, with IQs of 54 and 62.Seventh, the IQs of races are consistent with their achievements in the development of early urban civilizations with written languages, systems of arithmetic, and codified laws as shown by Baker (1974), who has documented that only the East Asians, the Europeans, the South Asians and North Africans, and the Southeast Asians developed early civilizations. The less intelligent Native Americans developed a half civilization; and the remaining races failed to develop anything that could be called civilizations.Eighth, all the twin studies that have been carried out in Europe, India, and Japan, and on blacks and whites in the United States, have found a high heritability of intelligence in national populations.Ninth, there are race differences in brain size that are associated with differences in intelligence, and brain size has a heritability of 90 percent (Baare, Pol et al., 2001) (see also Rushton and Osborne, 1995).Tenth, for the problem of race differences in intelligence, the theory that these have some genetic basis explains all the numerous phenomena set out in the points listed above, and there are no serious anomalies. The theory that the race differences in intelligence are to a significant extent genetically based fulfills Popper's (1959) criteria for a strong theory.