The incident of 9/11 was planned inside a failed nation(s).

Before I begin building my case, I would like to lay a bit of groundwork. First: With regards to my opponent's definitions, I will agree to using the Fund For Peace's index to determine what exactly is a failed nation. There is only one change I would like to make to my opponent's definition of "planned." In defining planned as "trained for and prepared for" my opponent neglects an obvious aspect of planning. That is, the act of planning involves developing and actually coming up with the plan. Thus for this round the term "planned" ought to mean "formulated, trained for, and prepared for." In addition, I would like to clarify that when the resolution says "planned inside a failed nation" it means that during the length of time between the plan's inception by Khalid Sheik Muhammed and its use against the United States it was, at least in part, formulated, trained for and prepared for in a failed nation. One final observation before I begin. In this round the affirmative is only required to show that 9/11 was planned, at least in part, in a failed nation. It is not required to show that all of 9/11 was planned in a failed nation or that a majority of the 9/11 plot was planned in a failed nation. On the other hand, in order to win the negation MUST show that absolutely no amount of planning for the 9/11 plot took place in a failed nation, that the entirety of the 9/11 plot was developed and prepared for inside of nations who were not failed. All of this being established, I will now begin my case. Contention 1: Formulation of 9/11 Took Place in Failed Nation(s) Khalid Sheikh Muhammed (From here on to be referred to as KSM) began planning the 9/11 attacks well before 2001. According to the 2004 9/11 Commission Report (Page 166), KSM first proposed the idea of hijacking airplanes and crashing them into U.S. buildings to Osama Bin Ladin in mid-1996 at a meeting with him in Tora Bora, Afghanistan. Over time, this plan would develop into the 9/11 plot. In 1997, KSM relocated with his family to Karachi, Pakistan. I believe it is reasonable to assume that he must have developed this plot somewhat during this time. Around late 1998 or early 1999, KSM moved to Kandahar in Afghanistan to work directly with al-Qaeda "supervising the planning and preparations for the 9/11 operation (pg. 167)." In the spring of 1999 Bin Ladin discussed the 9/11 plan, now known as the "planes operation," with KSM and one of his partners at the al Matar complex near Kandahar. It was there that they selected the World Trade Center as a target for the attacks. I think I have made it abundantly clear that, at least in the early stages of its development, the 9/11 incident was formulated in failed nations such as Afghanistan and Pakistan. Contention 2: Preparation and Training for 9/11 Took Place in Failed Nation(s) In his case, my opponent is going to bring up the Hamburg Cell. He will say that the pilots who actually flew the planes learned how to fly in nations that were not failed. However, there were preparations that took place in failed nations. According to an article in the Boston Globe, preparations for the 9/11 attacks, including indoctrination and weapons training, took place at the Al Farouk camp in Afghanistan. While not all of the terrorists who were trained at this camp carried out the 9/11 attacks, 3 hijackers, Ahmed Al Haznaw, Ahmed Alghamdi, and Hamza Alghamdi, were all trained there. In addition, going back to the 9/11 Commission Report, Khalid al-Mihdhar and Nawaf al-Hazmi, 2 more of the hijackers, were both trained specifically for the 9/11 attacks at the Mes Aynak training camp in Afghanistan. Also, in late December of 1999, Khalid Sheikh Muhammed held a training meeting in Pakistan to teach them about Western culture and travel. All of these are examples of preparations and training for the 9/11 attacks that took place in failed nations. The evidence is overwhelming. Planning and preparation for the 9/11 attacks did indeed take place in failed nations. The negation will be hard-pressed to defend himself.