Female Excemption From The Selective Service System

It should be noted that the policy of SSA is designed to deal with a crisis of limited resources in the military and to win wars. If policies of the SSA fails to achieve these objective of improving the likelihood for success in military campaigns, then the policies should be rejected. The objective of military success should be above any other factor such as political correctness or furthering equality. SEXUAL DIMORPHISM PLAYS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN MILITARY UTILITY *Physical differences* First my opponent tries to mislead you by explaining how BMI has many individual differences between genders. I can assure you that BMI is very little indicator of fitness, strength, or susceptibility of injury. Genetics and environment determines the differences between individuals. Recruits are trained in the same environment, so differences between individuals based on environment are unimportant. Thus, it is no surprise that the fitness test to graduate basic is more rigorous then the fitness test to join the military. However, after training, differences caused by genetics are more important. Females have a different genetic makeup as males, and are biological pre-determined to be have less muscle mass, more prone to musculoskeletal injury, lower red blood cell counts, lower hemoglobin levels, smaller cardiac outputs and slower speed. Studies have shown that after training, the physical differences between males and females are still apparent [1] [2]. This difference is especially profound in upper body strength. Thus even if you and I are in worse shape than the average person, we have more potential to become stronger and faster than a female soldier. My opponent also mistakenly states that physical fitness is not that important in modern day military, due to changes in technology. Again, this is false. Both the US Army and US marines both conclude that our failure in the Korean War was partly due to our troop’s unsatisfactory level of fitness. The U. S. Army reports that soldiers left behind wounded soldiers and heavy expensive equipment that training had not adequately prepared them for. Indeed there are many physical challenges that the military must face. In combat, the wounded must be carried to safety. Soldiers must march long distances with heavy loads. A study was done that examined the relative load-carrying ability of men and women. Nineteen male and fifteen female soldiers carried loads of 18, 27, and 36 kg during individual voluntary maximal speed 10-km road marches. Men completed the marches an average of 21% faster than the women [4]. Soldiers must be able to carry their weapons and artillery under long time frames, perform field maneuvers under strenuous combat terrain. The marine corps combat training guide describes some other challenges soldiers must face such as "Rapidly emplacing crew-served weapons; handling large-caliber ammunition for extended periods; climbing walls, cliffs, and other high obstacles; and Performing field maintenance on air craft or heavy machinery"; [5] many of these tasks rely heavily on upper body strength, and as I stated earlier, females are biological determined to be lacking in this. There is also a concern that females cannot handle the g-forces as a combat pilot. Also, while my opponent states that close quartered combat is used less in the military, it is still used. The marines also emphasis the importance of learning close quartered combat not just for practicality, but it also increases one confident that a soldier can face any challenge, and less prone to stress induced battle fatigue. A special emphasis should be placed on disease and non-battle injuries. DNBI account for more casualties then combat, resulting in 77.2% of casualties. Data also shows that 408.6 per 1,000 combat-years among females and 244.0 per 1,000 combat years among males; and the incident rate ratio for becoming a DNBI was 1.67. Also females were more likely to have a medical evacuation. 74% of these medical evacuations were due to pregnancy, a feat physically impossible to happen with men. [6] It is incredibly important that our soldiers are reliable and stay healthy. Victory depends on these soldiers staying in combat. Treatment uses extra resources. Unfortunately, even though females are not even in combat roles, females only increase this problem. *Psychological differences* Females tend to be less aggressive then males, making them less effective in combat. Also, psychological harm is more likely to occur to women in times of warfare. This is especially the case if they are captured in which they are more likely to be sexual assaulted, or raped. These events are more likely to lead to PTSD then actual combat. FEMALES IN COMBAT HAVE A NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE UNIT Enemy forces are less likely to surrender if combating females. Grossman writes " Islamic militants rarely, if ever, surrender to female soldiers. In modern warfare where intelligence is perhaps more important than enemy casualties, every factor reducing combatants' willingness to fight is considered. " It's the same concept of why it would be considered embarrassing to be beaten up by a girl. Enemy forces would be too prideful to surrender. Men also have a strong biological impact to protect women. While women do not have an intrinsic value higher then men, we biological do not feel that way. This biological tendencies would further offset the main priority of completing the mission and triaging soldiers effectively. Females have also shown to have a negative impact on unit cohesion. "A study conducted in 1988 found that a higher percentage of women in the work group was negatively correlated with male horizontal cohesion, as well as acceptance of women and combat readiness among male junior enlisted soldiers in combat service support units. " THE DEATHS OF FEMALE SOLDIERS WOULD CAUSE A MEDIA OUTRAGE It is imperative that in order to win wars, the attitude of the public is the most crucial factor. Losing the Vietnam War is largely attributed to America's increased resentment for the war. Sun Tzu, author of "The Art of War", a military strategy guide that has stood the test of time, notes the importance of the effects of war on the state. The media receives a lot of viewers by reporting shocking, saddening, and horrible problems. There's a saying in the media: "If it bleeds, it leads". While it is true that men are no more intrinsically valuable then females, society thinks otherwise. Hearing about the deaths, and rape of women in warfare would only increase resistance to the war. . http://journals.lww.com... [1] . http://books.google.com...[3] . http://www.ingentaconnect.com...[4] . http://compass.seacadets.org...[5] . http://findarticles.com...[6] . http://en.wikipedia.org...[7] . http://www.accessmylibrary.com...[8]