Big Bang cosmology supports atheism over theism.

Ave.I am glad to have the opportunity to debate KeytarHero about Big Bang cosmology and the existence of god. I’m almost certain that he will prove to be a worthy opponent, as one of the highest ranked (ninth place)[1] Christian debaters on the site. I’ll begin with some preliminary notes before jumping into my arguments.The winner of this debate should be the person who proves their case beyond a preponderance of the evidence. This means that most of the evidence favors their side. It is not sufficient for Con to take down my case alone, as he must give his own. On the same token, it is not sufficient for me to take down Con’s case alone, as I must present my own, too. I’m sure that we both agree on this, but I want to make sure the audience understands how voting should be done.I’ll start with a little lesson about physics. There are two ‘’types’’ of mechanics, classical mechanics and quantum mechanics [2]. Classical mechanics deals with things on the scale of atoms, and quantum mechanics deals with things below the scale of atoms. Classical mechanics is the most important mechanism for this specific argument. The theory of general relativity is part of classical mechanics, and it describes space-time and how gravity functions [3]. Since Einstein elucidated general relativity in 1915, physicists have derived metrics from his equation that describe the universe[4]. A metric describes the geometric and causal structure of space-time [5]. Physicists such as Alexander Friedmann, Georges Lemaitre, Howard Percy Robertson, and Robert M. Walker have, over time, derived metrics from relativity [6]. These are called Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRK) metrics. The FLRK metric describes a universe that is homogeneous, isotropic, and expanding [7]. These metrics also state that every finite interval of time is half-open [8]. This means that if you have a finite interval of time, such as an hour, you can divide that state into half an hour and another half an hour. An initial state of time is a finite interval, ergo, it is half-open. But if it is half-open, then it cannot be an initial state, because you can divide it in half. This creates a problem with the notion of a god who created time. God could only cause time if there was a first state of time for him to cause. However, this is contradicted by the evidence from physics which states that there is no such thing. Ergo, physics contradicts an attribute of god, making physics supportive of the conclusion that god does not exist.The singularity that is alleged to have existed before the Big Bang could represent an initial state of time. However, modern day physics show that a singularity is not only unnecessary, but a physically impossible state. The primary support for a singularity came from the Hawking-Penrose singularity theorem, but this has been withdrawn. As Hawking himself said in A Brief History of Time, ‘’ there was in fact no singularity at the beginning of the universe--as we shall see later, it can disappear once quantum effects are taken into account.”[9]. It is physically impossible for a singularity to exist because, if you take any attribute of it, such as density or temperature, it will be represented by some variable such as n over 0, which is mathematically impermissible. [10]If there is no initial state of time, then the universe can be thought of as a series of instantaneous states, none of which are greater than or equal to thirteen billion years ago. This would mean that every state of the universe is caused by a previous state of the universe. Here's a helpful diagram to help make this concept easier. Assume that each of these are a state of the universe, where time equals something different in each state. T=4 is caused by T=3. T-3 is caused by T=2. T=2 is caused by T=1. T=1 is caused by T=.9, ad infinitum.* You never reach a first state of T= because there is no singularity, and because every state of time is half-open. If you assume that we are living in the trillionth state, or some such large number, you can perform the same exercise, but I prefer to keep this simple. The conclusion of this argument is that every state of the universe is caused by a previous state. If the universe is nothing but its states, and all the states are causally explained with reference to another state, then you have a causal explanation of the universe without god.The Wavelength Function of the Universe (WFU) is a model developed by scientists such as Hawking and Vilenkin. Quentin Smith, professor of the philosophy of physics at Western Michigan University, has explained why this model creates problems for a god who has the trait of causing the universe. As Smith says: ‘’For the wave function of the universe implies there is a 95% probability that the universe came into existence uncaused. If God created the universe, he would contradict this scientific law in two ways. First, the scientific law says that the universe would come into existence because of its natural, mathematical properties, not because of any supernatural forces. Second, the scientific law says the probability is only 95% that the universe would come into existence. But if God created the universe, the probability would be 100% that it would come into existence because God is all-powerful. If God wills the universe to come into existence, his will is guaranteed to be 100% effective.’’ The evidence from physics contradicts a god who created the universe.The possibility of simultaneous causation also gives the atheist an explanation of matter without reference to god. At the Big Bang, there was simultaneous causation, which is supported by EPR correlations [11]. Simultaneous causation is the idea that ‘’the causal order must not be the temporal order because of the possibility of cause and effect being contemporaneous.’’ [12] The possibility of simultaneous causation allows us to explain the existence of matter without reference to a personal cause. Imagine atoms A, B, and C. A comes into existence and instantaneously causes B, which instantaneously causes C, which instantaneously causes A. All of the atoms have causal explanation, and they all begin to exist at the exact same time. Using the assumptions of the KCA, it can be demonstrated that there is no need to have a personal cause of matter.In conclusion, physics supports the following conclusions. One, there is no first state of time for god to cause. Two, the universe can be explained without reference to god. Three, the universe could not have been caused by god because the WVU indicates otherwise. Four, matter can be explained without reference to god. Ergo, the traits of god causing time, matter, and the universe cannot be actualized given the evidence from physics. This makes Big Bang cosmology supportive of atheism over theism.Vale.References[1] http://www.debate.org...[2] http://en.wikipedia.org...[3] http://en.wikipedia.org...[4] http://en.wikipedia.org...[5] Ibid[6] http://en.wikipedia.org...[7] Ibid[8] http://plato.stanford.edu...[9] A Brief History of Time, page fifty.[10] http://www.math.utah.edu...[11] http://www.worldscientific.com...[12] http://plato.stanford.edu...