BeIR/webis-touche2020 huggingface dataset:
Climate Shift

Climate shift is demonstrably real, we have evidence of climate shift happening several times during the history of Earth. We have geological evidence of glacial migration that happened hundreds of thousands of years ago, where did they go? Perhaps all of the carbon emissions from cavemen roasting wooly mammoths (now extinct) caused global warming in the distant past. Perhaps it is an unavoidable cycle that isn't well documented because of the extremely long cycle length? We should be concerned with the unavoidable climate shift, each and every one of us should be deeply concerned. Be it man made climate shift or a natural cycle, it is still climate shift. Unfortunately those among us who realize that we need to learn how to live with minimal impact on mother earth are openly mocked as hippies, and those who prepare themselves for surviving some great calamity are openly mocked and tin foil hat wearing nutters. Meanwhile the great minds of our society are pointing fingers and making measurements trying to assign blame. And the great solution that has been presented is to carbon tax our way out of this mess, which of course can only be issued by the threat of force. I don't agree that anything is "resolved".
Climate Shift

Resolved: Climate Shift is real; Climate shift is influenced by man; Climate shift ought to be a legitimate concern of those who care about the future of humanity.I will take the pro side.The BOP lies on both sides.First round is acceptance only.Second round is construction only.No new arguments may be made in the final round. No new rebuttals may be made in the final round.I'm looking for someone to legitimately and intellectually debate this subject.
Targeted killing is a morally permissible foreign policy tool

Basicaly the Con wants to bring this down to 3 issues: 1) That Tageted Killing Kills Inicents 2) Terrorist can be captured rather then Targeted for killing, or "assasinated" in the Cons words 3) That not 100% of Targeted killings were 1.Necessary 2.Proportional to the crime 3. The Actual Target and not someone else by accident (distinction) 4. Limited to the individual 5. A valid military target So lets discuss these along with his Value. First off his Value of Intent, when appling Intent as a value it leads to an amount of................ okay sorry... im too tiered to right a good case and a lot of stuff has been going on lately... just give the my opponite the win... sorry again... bye
Targeted killing is a morally permissible foreign policy tool

... so i am under the impression that you guys or mad because of my coping and pasting may materials. the fact is that considering i gave credit where credit is do it is not theft of intellectual property. i don't understand... instead of valid evidence that can be shown you would rather me make stuff up? If this is so then i would rather not be on DDO. Its a debating site and if we don't use valid evidence then we will not improve any of our debating skills.. my Quote is a quote by Horace... my definitions come from the following places; "Thomas B. Hunter, "targeted killing: self-Defense, Preemption, and the war on terrorism, operational studies, April 29, 2005", "American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language", "Compact Oxford English Dictionary"... my contention 1 comes from Daniel Statman (2004) "Targeted Killing," Theoretical inquires in law: Vol, 5: No, 1, Article 7... contention 2 comes from Daniel Statman (2004) "Targeted Killing," Theoretical inquires in law: Vol, 5: No, 1, Article 7... contention 3 comes from Gabriella Blum and Philip Heymann, "Law & Policy of targeted killing," Harvard National Security journal. June 27 2010... summary of contention three comes from my intro comes from me value and value criterion are chosen by me... a good argument isn't made by random things that pop into your head its made of credible sources and staying accurate to those sources... if you believe that i really did a bad thing then fine give your votes to him but considering that he could have easily gone in and found credible sources himself and formed a reasonable argument, but instead decided to ignore all my arguments and protest the debate is just... well its just silly... anyways I will leave it to you to decide if getting credible sources and staying true to them as to not twist the contention is really a bad thing especially when I credited the people who i got it from... once again i say... a good argument isn't made up of useless thoughts that pop into your head but rather accurate sources assembled in a logical way
Targeted killing is a morally permissible foreign policy tool

Targeted killing is another word for assassination. It does more to galvanize the enemy than it does to actually accomplish military objectives. It places discretion as to who lives into the hands of the State without judicial oversight. It violates the national soverignity of other nations.It doesn't always work. Consider the case of Khalid Mash'al. Terrorism will not defeat terrorism.Thank you. I continue this debate under protest as Pro copy and pasted every single good part of his argument from his "sources".
Sending FBI agents to South Africa to prosecute human traffickers

South Africa does not need F.B.I., a sI already said my opponent has not gven this eveidence to me, or provided links to back up any of his claims. Lastly, South Africa needs reform, not F.B.I. agents, they can not prosecute in another country. South Africa as I will say again, needs reforms to be better on the probelm, not prosecuters, why because we should not do a job, that another government can do, if is had laws against it. Vote neg, don't listen to him, he has shown a single card to back up his claims, thus I win.
Sending FBI agents to South Africa to prosecute human traffickers

Yes, I am saying that FBI are able to ASSIST trafficked victims and the entire witness protection program. You dropped that even if they themselves cannot prosecute, that they're still able to solve through increased cooperation. You also drop that MLATs and extradition treaties solve your offense--they offer the possibility of prosecution. This was done in Hungary, again, as an empirical example, non uniquing your claims that it isnt possible. Yes South Africa doesnt have the laws that solve for trafficking, hence why FBI assistance is crucial. Legal measures alone wont work -- only assistance on the ground can solve. 3 things that win me the round, and I just need to win one: a) LAck of money means South Africa cant fight the problem correctly -- FBI solve that through extra resources b) Greater protection in port facilities gaurantees fewer traffickers get by c) Assistance in witness protection programs means people will speak out to prosecute the brothels. I wish I could upload evidence from my 1AC but thats not too easy to do, so unfortunately cant do that. Look, his argument is ALL defense. If you think that theres a RISK that just maybe one FBI agent can help eliminate some trafficking, save one extra person, then it means a vote for the affirmative. The entire point is that since south africa doesnt have the legislation to deal with this threat, the US has to help. Africa is asking for help (Leonardo McCarthy..you can look up his report on google if you want) is an african leader and says that south africa doesnt want paper agreements, rather TANGIBLE commitments. FBI have empirically gone out to do things just like this, takes out any risk of the defense against the case where you said that they have nothing to do with american soil. Trafficking is a transnational crime that effects the entire world. Obvious policy to pass. Dont think it gets much simpler than this. 1% chance we improve the status quo = aff ballot.
Sending FBI agents to South Africa to prosecute human traffickers

YOu are saying the F.B.I., can prosecute, individuals, that have nothing to do, nothing to do, on american soil. "The government's anti-trafficking law enforcement efforts were increasingly visible during the year. South Africa does not have laws that prohibit trafficking in persons, though a variety of other criminal statutes are currently used to prosecute trafficking crimes. The lack of specific anti-trafficking statutes and explicit penalties for trafficking crimes continued to hamper South African law enforcement efforts, as many working level police, labor, and social welfare officials possessed little understanding of the crime or did not view it as part of their responsibilities.", So maybe we need to get the country to have laws on Trafficking rather than us prosecuting it. They can train, but not prosecute, my opponent also has shown no evidence to prove this point.
Sending FBI agents to South Africa to prosecute human traffickers

I'll win that sending FBI is a unique and unconventional approach to the problem. 1. FBI are the best at combatting this transnational threat. 2. You're dropping that there is empiricical solvency, theres only a risk that we would make things better but theres no offense as to why FBI would re-entrench the problem. Only coordination and cooperation solve. Yes, if they were by themselves they'd do nothing, but 3 things that South Africa lacks a) Not enough money -- FBI would aid in that fashion to help maintain stability b) Ports do not have enough security -- FBI would be there to protect and stop traffickers from entering c) They have very weak witness protection programs -- FBI would protect witnesses. Currently they fear that traffickers will kill their families. You're missing the point. We dont just throw investigators. Cooperation is the only way to solve. Aid programs dont help because they presuppose a certain level of stability when there is none. Only FBI serve as the pre-requisite. And, we'll also win that aid programs are ineffective and embolden bad regimes. Empirical evidence that money the US has given has been ineffective and gone to corrupt leaders. The FBI there now are not prosecuting -- they are training police officials in other matters. MLAT and cooperation solves your offense because the treaties grant the ability to for our FBI agents to presecute. At worst you'll win that they aren't able to, but that doesnt matter because cross apply the 3 things the FBI would solve that South Africa lacks now. These are not the conventional approaches that rely on strict rules. Madeline Albright in 1998 said that only joint law enforcement efforts through an integration of law and non legal measures can solve. Either there is no distinction between your alternative or my case which means a permutation solves the offense Only a risk that the case solves means its a good idea. The only arguments he gives are defense as to why the FBI may not solve. Now look, 9 people get trafficked every day. The fact that the FBI has successfully done this in the past gives validity to the claim that this plan will likely work. Trafficking is a fate worse than death, meaning the impacts outweigh any defense on why the case may not work.
Sending FBI agents to South Africa to prosecute human traffickers

We should not send F.B.I. agents, we should send programs, to help, not the F.B.I.," Every year we add to our knowledge of the trafficking phenomenon. The 2007 Report sheds new light on the alarming trafficking of people for purposes of forced labor, often in their own countries. Conventional approaches to dealing with forced or bonded labor usually focus on compliance, in line with international conventions (i.e., ILO Conventions 29, 39, 105 and 182). These approaches seek to have exploitative industries comply with the law simply by releasing victims or offering financial compensation. Approaches to combating forced labor that rely solely on compliance with labor standards can be weak because these approaches fail to punish those responsible for trafficking. While administrative sanctions are effective for deterring some labor violations, forced labor must be punished as a crime, through vigorous prosecutions. While most countries in the world have criminalized forced labor, they do little to prosecute offenders, in part due to the lack of awareness of forced labor issues among law enforcement officials. The Department of State, as directed by Congress through the TVPA, continues to increase its attention on forced labor and bonded labor, while maintaining its campaign against sex trafficking. As with the last two Reports, this Report places several countries on Tier 3 primarily as a result of their failure to address trafficking for forced labor among foreign migrant workers." What we need to do is set up programs in the country to give aid to stop trafficking, programs to help the victims, and programs to educate. My opponent, does not get it, you cannot just throw investigators at the probelm, you need to set up programs to help it. Also we already have F.B.I. agents there investigating the probelm, now they can't prosecute, because that is out of the U.S. juristidiction, but we do investigate, because it is one of our nations major interests right now. http://www.state.gov...
The UN should build its own army

As a note before I begin. What I mean by a private army for the UN is an army that is not made up of separate countries which have all contributed military forces to the UN. I mean an army that is recuited, maintained and controlled by the UN. My first argument is that if all peacekeeping forces were recuited and controlled by the UN there would be less confusion when the peacekeeper were required and so overall peace could be kept more efficiently. My second argument is that if the forces were mainted by the UN the goverentments of the world would haveno need to spend extra money on mainting military forces that they would not be able to use. I look forward to seeing my opponents arguments.
Colors of Stairway

First, when I corrected PRO on the flute comment, I meant it as a joke; I did not want a paragraph explaining why PRO was confused between the two. Also, the paragraph was not needed being that the recorders and flute are irrelevant to the debate. I'm not sure what my opponent meant by "So its very likely that someone with synesthesia would see the same color anyway. " But I think PRO is trying to say something about the flute and the recorder having the same pitch and therefore people with Synesthesia will see the same color. That is true, if the two instruments are played at the same pitch, a person with Synesthesia would see the same colors but the two instruments could play at different pitches making my opponent's argument Null and Void. Later in the paragraph, Pro contradicts himself saying that when the recorder comes into the song you see green, therefore implying he has Synesthesia, and therefore contradicting his earlier statement of "I do not have synesthesia. " My opponent's next two sentences confuse me. You say that Synesthesia is opinionated and I do not understand what you could possibly mean by that, but okay. In response to my opponent's maturity remarks I say… What I meant was not about the lyrics themselves, it was about where the band was at that period of time when "Stairway to Heaven" was written. "Stairway to Heaven" was like their coming of age, the peak of their performance, Led Zeppelin reaching maturity. Also, about the intellect remarks; I again was referring to the band not necessarily the song. -Intellect-(new definition) capacity for thinking and acquiring knowledge Furthermore, you could go on to say that intellect has another part to play in describing "Stairway to Heaven. " The lady who is described throughout the song as self-centered, greedy, and ignorant, then towards the end she learns she cannot buy her way into Heaven and must work for it. This fits perfectly with the definition of intellect and therefore fits perfectly into my argument; the color gray best represents "Stairway to Heaven. " My opponent states that "There are variations of what color is symbolized by what emotions, but the majority of them can agree green represents hope. " Really? Because I can't find one that does. . http://www.color-wheel-pro.com... . http://www.squidoo.com... . http://desktoppub.about.com... . http://www.infoplease.com... None of the above listed mention "Hope" when describing what green can symbolize. Just as FeatherintheWind said, "may the best man win. " Vote CON. Thank you for your time.
Colors of Stairway

Hey Itallionstallion, Drop Dead. No I'm kidding. I would also like to clear some things up. This debate was meant as a joke. And no the synesthesia reference was a joke, I do not have synesthesia. But in a response to the incoherent response that horsey made, I will attempt to clear a few things up. I typed this debate very fast so I did make a few mistakes, and I admit that its not actually a flute in stairway and the instruments are recorders. But in the case of our argument, its irrelevant. Most instrumentalists are aware that the two sounds(recorders and flutes)they make are very similiar, but recorders tend to have a higher pitch. At the pitches that the melody on the recorders are played, its easy to confuse the two, as the sounds are so similar, and I would like to note that recorders are actually a specific type of flute( the most popular flute is also another type of flute, they both belong to the family of woodwind instruments called fipple flute) . So its very likely that someone with synesthesia would see the same color anyway. Also, horsey makes a claim that the type of synesthesia I mention is affected only by pitch, but this is untrue. Many people who have synesthesia associate one sound to any note or melody that can be made on a given instrument ( so they will always associate purple with an electric guitar, or blue for piano, not depending on what pitches are played) I also stated that as soon as the flutes(recorders) enter (14 seconds into the song) that the song turns green, implying that the type of instrument is what the colors I see depend on. So as far as the synesthesia argument is concerned, I offered all the solid facts. I would like to note that synesthesia does vary from patient to patient, so that is opinion Next, I would like to discuss an aspect that is not opinionated, in an attempt to win this debate. Associating colors with songs or sounds does not have only have to deal with synesthesia( as I cleary stated in my opening statement). It could depend on symbolism or metaphors. So you could look at the lyrics, but there are so many different opinions about what it actually means, Im just going to base my argument solely on what Robert Plant said the song meant, which was that the song is about a Lady who thinks she can get everything she wants( far from being mature, irrelevant to the matter of intelligence). He also states that the song is a song of hope( while introducing the song on the film "the song remains the same".) There are variations of what color is symbolized by what emotions, but the majority of them can agree green represents hope. So this debate is entirely opionated when it comes to what colors people see, but when it comes down to the facts, Stairway is a song of hope, which is best represented by the color green. Thanks to my oppenent for a very professional rebuttal, and let the best man win. Vote pro. Goodbye
Colors of Stairway

Next, I want to clear up for the audience what this debate is on, which was not clearly stated by my opponent. The question submitted is whether the color green or gray best represents the song "Stairway to Heaven. " I will argue in favor of gray as it seems my opponent as already staked a claim on green. My opponent speaks of the retardation, or gift, Synesthesia (which he fails to mention by name so I wonder if he truly has it) as a reason why he thinks green best represents "Stairway to Heaven. " He claims that he sees green when the three wooden bass recorders (not flutes) enter into the mix, and this could be true for him but that doesn't mean everyone with Synesthesia sees green. No two cases are alike but can be similar. Another problem I have with his argument is that the type of Synesthesia he speaks of is not affect by the instruments being played, as it seems he is saying, but the pitch of the sound. This means that the colors would constantly be changing as the pitch goes up and down as it does it "Stairway to Heaven. " As for the gnome in the forest, that is not related to Synesthesia in anyway. •Could be deeper psychiatric problems •Or to active of an imagination Pro also states that gray is a color of neutrality or stoicism, which I do not deny. But then he continues, claiming that this automatically means you are bored with the music if you think of gray during it. -Neutrality-being neither negative nor positive on a given issue •No mention or boredom anywhere •"Stairway to Heaven" takes no side, just tells a story -Stoicism-showing neither pain nor emotion •Not showing emotion doesn't mean you're bored; you could be dieing on the inside Gray-lighter than black, darker than white Gray best represents "Stairway to Heaven" because it represents maturity and intellect, it is timeless and solid. -Maturity-full development; perfected condition Maturity is a good way of describing "Stairway to Heaven" because this song truly shows Led Zeppelin at their best, the summit of their success, their attempt at perfection. -Intellect-the ability to think abstractly or profoundly "Stairway to Heaven" shows just how intellectually gifted the band members were and are. A song had never been written like this; a slow, methodical crescendo all the way into the solo, and having no chorus was also fairly new. Timeless and Solid "Stairway to Heaven" is a timeless piece of art; still the most requested song on FM radio and the highest grossing song of all time ($500 million and counting). Solid is also a good representation of "Stairway to Heaven. " Well written, moving lyrics, a balance piece, a solid work of art. Also, my opponent mentions that green is a symbol of hope. I do not agree with this because I have looked through close to a dozen pages on color symbolism and not one has the meaning of green as hope. Again, I thank my opponent for this debate and wish him the best of luck. P. S. Vote CON! ! !
Colors of Stairway

This will be short and sweet 2 round 12 hour voting time debate that I will win. Stairway is best represented by the color green. Green symbolizes hope, and Stairway to Heaven is a song of hope(as introduced by Robert Plant, The Song Remains the Same.)And also, people with certain disabilities such as an alteration in their sense recipticals, or some form of retardations can see colors when they hear a song. I do have these alterations and a few retardations, and as as the flute comes in, the song shifts from its silver gray colors of a forest mist, to a green best represented by a gnome standing on a forest floor, looking up past the green canopy to heaven. Oh and gray is a color of neutrality and stoicness. So if your bored when you hear Stairway, you probably see the colour/color of gray/grey.soon
knowledge is free will, knowledge is memory

Hello, I have decided to debate Pro on this topic. First and foremost, the BoP is on Pro to prove that knowledge is the same thing as free will and knowledge is memory. Let me define each term, since Pro apparently cannot: Memory: : the power or process of remembering what has been learned: something that is remembered: the things learned and kept in the mind Knowledge: : information, understanding, or skill that you get from experience or education: awareness of something : the state of being aware of something Free will: : the ability to choose how to act As stated in these definitions alone, knowledge is not the same thing as free will, and memory not the same as knowledge! Thank you for the debate! Sources: http://www.merriam-webster.com... http://www.merriam-webster.com... http://www.merriam-webster.com...