The USFG ought to pay reparations to African Americans.

We negate the resolved: the United States federal government ought to pay reparations to African Americans.We offer the following observation before we start this debate.Observation 1. Ought implies can. Theodore Gracyk of Minnesota State finds: "Ought implies can ... "Can't implies ought not." In other words, if you can't do x, then you have no duty to do x. (And "can't" means you really can't do x because x is impossible, not just that you don't like the results of x.) It also means that we should not blame people for failing to do what they cannot possibly do. " So, the pro's advocacy must be able to show that there is an ability to pay reparations because not being able to means that there isn't a moral obligation to. We concede to the definition of reparations that the pro presented for sake of time. The only the way the aff achieves their goals is through the pretext of a transaction of goods. Allan Cooper, Professor of Politics at Otterbein University in 2012 writes, "the fundamental justification for reparations has been economic: [asserting that] African Americans are owed a debt. Reducing slavery to a cost-benefit analysis connotes that the inherent indignity of being a slave is merely a matter of ... compensation" Our sole contention is that the affirmative advocacy is inextricably rooted in the use and perpetuation of transactional justice that guarantees the replication of all the harms they identify. This is true for two reasons.1. Economic solutions are inherently tied to the path of capitalism, because they strive for growth and expansion of African American wealth, and growth and expansion are capitalism. According to anthropologist Hans A. Baer, June 2012: "capitalism is a global economic system that in its drive for profits requires ongoing accumulation and expansion" Seeing as reparations attempt to promote economic prosperity, the affirmative advocacy is firmly and unavoidably rooted in the expansion of capitalism.2. Affirming means treating humans as objects that are broken or damaged in some way, and the only way to fix them is through investment via capital. Furthermore, reparations as a policy action necessitates quantification in some way. This notion of quantifying injustice and suffering is based on capitalist ideals. Dehumanizing African Americans in this way portrays their hardships as economic misfortunes and re entrenches capitalist solutions as a whole. The impact of this perpetuation of capitalist solutions is the continuation and re-entrenchment of racism as it exists in society today. According to Taylor in 2002, "Racism isn't just an ideology but ... an institution ... [and] racism originated with capitalism and the slave trade. As the ... writer CLR James put it, "The conception of dividing people by race ... [was so] opposed to all the conceptions of society ... that the only justification by which humanity could face it was ... decide that the Africans were an inferior race.” History proves this point. Prior to the advent of capitalism, racism as a systematic form of oppression did not exist." Capitalism created racism, and only by negating can we step away from capitalism as a solution the problem it created. Epifanio San Juan of the University of Belgium in 2003 writes, "race relations and race conflict are necessarily structured by the larger totality of the political economy of a given society, as well as by modifications in the structure of the world economy. Corporate profit-making via class exploitation on an international/globalized scale, ... still remains the logic of the world system of finance capitalism based on historically changing structures and retooled practices of domination and subordination.” Earl Ofari for the Radical Education Project writes, "it is impossible to resolve the problems of black people under the structure of American Capitalism." All hardships unique to African Americans exist because of the capitalist system and our use of that system to try and solve our problems. Moreover, history demonstrates that capitalist solutions never work. When slavery ended, the Government promised Black Americans 40 acres of land and a mule. Since then they have attempted countless reparation policies. While all were noble efforts founded with good intentions, NONE OF THEM HAVE EVER WORKED. A far preferable alternative to reparations would be remedial policies designed to help all people by improving existing laws. According to Lee Harris writing for the Southern University Law Review in 2001, "Policies, like the Earned Income Tax Credit, that are designed to improve the condition of poor people as a matter of course, including poor African-Americans, are not necessarily reparative. Put differently, a social policy program that aids the conditions of African-Americans vis-a-vis whites, but does not acknowledge the basis for such programs (racism), is remedial, and not reparative." In conclusion, paying reparations to African Americans further continues the cycle of capitalism, and in turn racism. Thus because negating is the only step away from this vicious cycle, we see no other vote than in negation.