There are Sound Philosophical Arguments for the Existence of Allah

= = = => Contentions <= = = = 1. Cosmological Argument P1 Everything observed inside the universe is contingent P2 A sequence of causally related contingent beings cannot be infiniteP3 A sequence of causally related contingent beings must be finite P4 \ there must be a non-contingent/eternally existing at the beginning of the chain of contingent beings a.k.a the First Cause [1] P1 Everything observed inside the universe is contingent A being which is contingent exists due to another cause, reason, conditions etc. It owes it's existence to something else. Contingent: “Logic True only under certain conditions; not necessarily or universally true: a contingent proposition.”[2] When one analyzes everything that has been observed in this universe we see that everything is contingent. All life if one doesn't notice is contingent. All life would not have existed without food, water, and sunlight (certain conditions). Large celestial bodies are also contingent. The earth as we know it could only have existed due to the precise conditions such as the formation of the magnetic field, atmospheric layer, and water. Even the sun which most of what is on earth is contingent upon is also contingent upon a cause external to itself (hydrogen gas and dust, nebula). Quantum fluctuations are also contingent because they would not exist without the field (conditions). P2 A sequence of causally related contingent beings cannot be infinite Each of the contingent beings owes it's existence to something else. One contingent being exists because of another contingent being and that contingent being exists because of another. A-->B-->C-->D... (and so on) This series of casually related contingent beings can either be of two things: infinite or finite. It cannot be infinte for 2 main reasons. I. An infinte sequence would not explain the existence of the entire sequence. What does the entire set owe it's existence to, something else then something else and so on? This is an inadequate explanation for the entire set. II. An infinite sequence cannot exist since there is no ultimate source and all the contingent beings would not exist as we know it. If there is no source for the contingent beings, the entire set would never have existed , but it does exist. An example to clarify: (a). Imagine a train with an infinite number of boxcars, the train would not move because there is still no source for the motion despite all the box cars. The only way for the train to move is if there is the engine or the source for the motion of the entire train otherwise the train will not move. The only option that remains is that the sequence of casually related contingent beings must be finite. P3 A sequence of causally related contingent beings must be finite If the series is not infinite than it must be finite. As was shown in the example, there cannot be an infinte number of boxcars that are in motion, but it is certain that there can be a finite series of boxcars with the source, the engine at the beginning. Similarily the sequence of contingent beings cannot be infinte and still exist. It must be finite if the contingent beings are to exist. They must ultimately rely on a supreme source which is non-contingent. P4 \ there must be a non-contingent/eternally existing being at the beginning of the chain of contingent beings a.k.a the First Cause 2. Teleological Argument P1 If natural beings have telos', then an intentional and ordering mind exists P2 Natural beings have telos' P3 \ an intentional and ordering mind exists P1 If natural beings have telos', then an intentional and ordering mind exists What is a telos you might ask? Teleology comes from the root word telos means to have a purpose, goal, function etc. If a natural being has a telos, then it has a specific purpose and function. If natural beings have telos' than this strongly implies that there is some kind of intentionality and order which is at work. Intentionality and order is a feature of minds. So if natural beings have a telos' then an intentional and ordering mind exists. P2 Natural beings have telos' It is quite evident that natural beings do have telos'. When one is studying the organs of the human body in biology class the function of an organ is bound to be discussed. For example, the telos of the stomach is mainly disgestion. A stomach digests food because that is it's main purpose (telos). Most of the organs in the human body for example, have a telos and are working together in unison. The major discipline of medicine with specialists on each of the major organs work to restore organs to their proper function (telos). Even inorganic (non-living) beings have telos' with regards to processes such as the water and rock cycles. David S. Oderburg says: “what is the function of condensation in the water cycle? it is the function of causing precipitation. what is the role played by precipitation in the water cycle? it brings about later evaporation. what function do igneous rocks perform in the rock cycle? They become sedimentary rock with the aid of exposure, sedimentation and pressure, and in addition through heat and pressure they become metamorphic rock... ...This is just how a geologist or a hydrologist talks about the cycles that are the object of their study. ‘How does evaporation function in the water cycle?’ ‘It does such-and-such.’.....Yet function talk is a kind of teleological talk. In this highly attenuated sense, then, we can find teleology in the inorganic realm”[3] P3 \ an intentional and ordering intellect exists 3. Profound knowledge in the Quran, brought to light in recent centuries Origins of Groundwater ==Surah Az Zumar Chapter 39 Verse 21== The Quran mentions the origins of groundwater and springs as being rain which goes through the earth. This is scientifically accurate [4]. One might try to argue that this has been copied or plagiarized from Greek philosophers but the fact of the matter is that none of the famous Greek philosophers had a clue about this fact. The Water Problems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia states: “Aspects of groundwater origin were considered in many projects and philosophic works of the ancient Greek and Roman philosophers (Miletsky, Plato, Aristotle, Kar, Seneka, Pollio etc). The first quantitative concepts of groundwater formation due to infiltration of atmospheric precipitation were formed by French scientists P. Perro and E. Marriott in the middle of the eighteenth century based on the study of water balance in the Seine River” [5] This is strong evidence that the origins of groundwater or springs were not known or even conceived of during the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) but the Quran mentions this amazing fact many centuries ago. The Queen of Sheba and Sun Worship ==Surah An Naml Chapter 27 Verses 22-24== Prophet Sulaiman (peace be upon him) was informed by the Hoopoe bird that he saw the people of Sheba and the Queen. The Quran mentions that they were worshipping a sun diety. The best modern evidence for the location of the kingdom of Queen Sheba is Southern Arabia around Yemen [6][7]. The national God of Sheba was called Almaqah. For a long time, people thought that this was a lunar diety. Recent investigations have shown that the characteristics represent a solar diety. This reveals a historical precision on the Quran with recent data (2012) brought to light. “Recent studies underline that the symbols of the bull's head and the vine motif that are associated with him are solar and Dionysiac attributes and are more consistent with a sun god, a male consort of the sun goddess.”[8] Conclusions This being is eternally existing and is uncaused since it is the First Cause. It has a mind of tremendous intellect by which all teleology comes from. The last argument shows the knowledge in the Quran could not have been from anyone in 6th century Arabia implying a supernatural source namely, Allah. http://www.debate.org...