A PROPER TREATMEMT OF SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS IN MACHINE TRANSLATION 
 
 A proper treatment of syntax and semantics in machine translation is introduced and discussed from the empirical viewpoint. For English-Japanese machine translation , the syntax directed approach is effective where the Heuristic Parsing Model (HPM) and the Syntactic Role System play important roles. For Japanese-English translation , the semantics directed approach is powerful where the Conceptual Dependency Diagram (CDD) and the Augmented Case Marker System (which is a kind of Semantic Role System ) play essential roles. Some examples of the difference between Japanese sentence structure and English sentence structure , which is vital to machine translation are also discussed together with various interesting ambiguities .  