BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] This research analyzes the interaction between argumentation, metacognition, and selfregulated learning in pre-service educators during virtual critical debates, exploring how these competencies are enhanced and evolve in a digital environment. With the aim of identifying effective strategies to improve these essential skills in teacher training, the following question was posed: How do the processes of argumentation, metacognition, and self-regulated learning interact in pre-service educators during their participation in virtual critical debates, and how does this interaction evolve throughout the implementation of the strategy? Based on a theoretical framework that includes perspectives on argumentation, critical thinking, and self-regulated learning, the study was conducted in the Faculty of Education at the University of Salamanca with initial teacher training students. Using a quasi-experimental mixed-methods design, an educational strategy was implemented in four stages: exploration, planning, intervention, and evaluation. The findings indicate that the integration of these competencies in critical debates significantly improves argumentative performance, fosters critical thinking and metacognitive reflection, and facilitates greater self-regulation of learning. This study demonstrates the positive impact of virtual critical debates as a pedagogical tool and highlights the importance of designing strategies that address these competencies Comprehensively in teacher training

[es] La presente investigaci?n analiza la interacci?n entre argumentaci?n, metacognici?n y autorregulaci?n del aprendizaje en educadores en formaci?n durante debates cr?ticos virtuales, explorando c?mo estas competencias se potencian y evolucionan en un entorno digital. Con el prop?sito de identificar estrategias efectivas para mejorar estas habilidades esenciales en la formaci?n docente, se plante? la pregunta: ?C?mo interact?an los procesos de argumentaci?n, metacognici?n y autorregulaci?n del aprendizaje en los educadores en formaci?n durante su participaci?n en debates cr?ticos virtuales, y de qu? manera evoluciona esta interacci?n a lo largo de la implementaci?n de la estrategia? Bas?ndose en un marco te?rico que incluye perspectivas sobre argumentaci?n, pensamiento cr?tico y aprendizaje autorregulado, el estudio se desarroll? en la Facultad de Educaci?n de la Universidad de Salamanca con estudiantes de formaci?n inicial docente. Mediante un dise?o cuasi-experimental de enfoque mixto, se implement? una estrategia educativa en cuatro etapas: exploraci?n, planificaci?n, intervenci?n y evaluaci?n. Los hallazgos indican que la integraci?n de estas competencias en debates cr?ticos mejora significativamente el desempe?o argumentativo, fomenta el pensamiento cr?tico y la reflexi?n metacognitiva, y facilita una mayor autorregulaci?n del aprendizaje. Este estudio evidencia el impacto positivo de los debates cr?ticos virtuales como herramienta pedag?gica y resalta la importancia de dise?ar estrategias que aborden estas competencias de manera integral en la formaci?n docente.
[en] Corrado Alvaro (S. Luca 1885 - Rome 1956), a great writer, devoted to his work and to the age in which he lived. He was the author of precise writing with absolute and complex unity, and obtained great European standing with the work L'uomo nel labirinto (1926). In 1917 his work Po?sie grigioverdi was published; in this work he speaks of his life and this is when he began to stand out as a lyrical narrator. His characters are far from seeming gentlemen, heroes or saints but this has not meant that he has shed the label of southern writer. With the work II viaggio (1914) his great mastery in narrating was already evident; he was capable of narrating adventures and misadventures with great ability. The main themes of his works are nature, war, the idea of belonging to the earth and cultivating it. This theme would be of considerable interest to him, so much so that he wrote two works: // contadino soldato and A un compagno. Another theme that he would also deal with was death, transforming its tragic nature to give way to acceptance. Alvaros poetics is always personal; thus his human and poetic lesson becomes ever more invigorating and up to date.

[es] Corrado Alvaro (S. Luca 1885 - Roma 1956) gran escritor, entregado a su trabajo como a la ?poca en la que vivi?. Autor de escritura concreta y en posesi?n de una unidad absoluta y compleja, el cual obtuvo una gran dimensi?n europea con la obra L 'uomo nel labirinto (1926). En 1917 se publica su obra Po?sie grigioverdi, obra en la que habla de su vida, y es ahora cuando empieza a despuntar como narrador l?rico. Sus personajes est?n lejos de parecerse a caballeros, h?roes o santos. Pero no por esto se le ha quitado la etiqueta de escritor meridional. Con la obra II viaggio (1914) ya se puede observar su gran maestr?a a la hora de narrar; con gran habilidad es capaz de contar aventuras y desventuras vividas. Los temas principales de sus obras pueden ser la naturaleza, el tema de la guerra, el hecho de pertenecer a la tierra y cultivarla. Este tema le va a interesar bastante, tanto que escribe dos obras: 77 contadino soldato y A un compagne Otro tema que tambi?n va a tratar ser? la muerte, que sabr? transformarla de lo tr?gico a la aceptaci?n. Para Alvaro su po?tica es siempre personal, en esta direcci?n, su lecci?n humana y po?tica, se hace siempre m?s tonificante y actual.
[en] Application developers typically develop applications that meet their customers' require- ments, while the issue of secure programming is often overlooked. In this chapter we are going to introduce the basic concepts of secure programming so that developers have the basic notions and their applications are more secure. As the number of web application developers increases, their security mechanisms increase, making it more difficult to find attacks on them. However, there are still a lot of badly qualified developers (if you can call them developers), who commit real aberrations from the point of view of protection. Here we have laid a very simple foundation on application vulnerabilities. In the practices associated with this topic we will expand our knowledge.

[es] Los desarrolladores de aplicaciones habitualmente desarrollan aplicaciones que se ajusten a los requisitos de sus clientes mientras que, se suele dejar de lado el tema de la programaci?n segura. En este capitulo se va a introducir los conceptos b?sicos de la programaci?n segura para que los desarro-lladores tengan las nociones b?sicas y sus aplicaciones sean mas seguras. A medida que aumenta el n?mero de desarrolladores de aplicaciones web, los mecanismos de seguridad de las mismas aumentan, y hacen m?s complicado encontrar ataques a las mismas. No obstante, a?n abundan los desarrolladores mal cualificados (si se pueden llamar desarrolladores), que cometen aut?nticas aberraciones desde el punto de vista de la protecci?n. Aqu? hemos sentado una base muy sencilla sobre las vulnerabilidades de aplicaciones. En las pr?cticas asociadas a este tema ampliaremos los conocimientos
[en] In many educational settings, the use of tangible objects is used to enhance learning (models, replicas of art works, fossils...). When knowledge is disseminated through virtual environments, sometimes, the value of these tangible objects is lost. The new low-cost technologies allow solving this problem, enabling teachers to include in their virtual classroom the access and manipulation of threedimensional objects. This article describes the process of creation and dissemination of a three-dimensional, interactive educational content for learning in a virtual environment. As a practical study, we have worked on the Canary marine fossil heritage. The fossils are used as tangible material in paleontology teaching, however they are not available for work outside the classroom. For this work, it has been digitized in 3D a selection of 18 fossils. 3D files obtained are available to students in an online environment, allowing download, multi-touch display and interaction on mobile devices. In addition, if the student prefers, they can print them using a 3D printer. Finally, there has been an experience with 70 university students who, after accessing to the online files, responded to a questionnaire to assess the made materials.

[es] El uso de objetos tangibles (maquetas, r?plicas de obras art?sticas, f?siles?) en entornos educativos se suele utilizar para mejorar el proceso de aprendizaje. Cuando el conocimiento se difunde a trav?s de entornos virtuales, a veces, se pierde el valor de estos objetos tangibles. Las nuevas tecnolog?as de bajo coste, permiten solventar este problema, permitiendo a los profesores incluir en sus aulas virtuales el acceso y manipulaci?n de objetos tridimensionales. En este art?culo se describe el proceso de creaci?n y divulgaci?n de un contenido educativo tridimensional e interactivo para aprendizaje en un entorno virtual. Como caso pr?ctico se ha trabajado sobre el patrimonio f?sil marino canario. Los f?siles se usan como material tangible en la ense?anza de paleontolog?a, sin embargo no est?n disponibles para el trabajo fuera del aula. En el trabajo descrito en este art?culo, se han digitalizado en 3D una selecci?n de 18 f?siles. Los archivos obtenidos est?n a disposici?n de los alumnos en un entorno online, permitiendo su descarga, visualizaci?n e interacci?n en dispositivos m?viles multit?ctiles. Adem?s, si el alumno lo prefiere, puede imprimirlos en 3D. Para finalizar, se ha realizado una experiencia con 70 alumnos universitarios que, despu?s de acceder al repositorio online creado, han contestado a un cuestionario para valorar los materiales dise?ados.
[en] In Paraguay, an officially bilingual country, the national population has two main languages, which are very different from each other, both in its lexical, morphological and syntactic dimensions. But above all, the distinction between them is their sociolinguistic nature and it is expressed in a complexity of use and interaction cases. There are social groups whose sole language is the Spanish, others have the Spanish language as their main language but they also speak Guarani, and others, meanwhile, have as their main language Guarani but also speak Spanish and, finally, an important group of society has the Guarani as their single language. This range of situations has an elective affinity with social differentiation, qualifying modes of knowledge construction for Groups speakers of different varieties as pedagogical schemes existing in society. Just how the Paraguayan educational system is designed, social groups with better school performance are those whose command of Spanish, esteemed and preferred by the economy and politics, is the most efficient. However, given that the educational system established and legitimated a bilingual education program, educational inequalities must be explained by a perspective that takes into account the sociolinguistic varieties, in order to show what factors explain these disparities and what the working class response is regarding their disadvantaged status in the social structure.

[es] En Paraguay, pa?s oficialmente biling?e, la poblaci?n nacional posee en acervo dos principales idiomas bien distintos entre s?, tanto en su dimensi?n l?xica, morfol?gica como sint?ctica. Pero, sobre todo, la distinci?n entre ambos es de car?cter socioling??stico y se expresa en una complejidad de situaciones de uso e interacci?n. Existen grupos sociales que tienen como lengua ?nica el espa?ol; otros tienen como lengua principal el espa?ol, pero tambi?n hablan el guaran?; otros, por su parte, tienen como lengua principal el guaran?, pero tambi?n hablan el espa?ol, y, finalmente, un grupo importante de la sociedad tiene como lengua ?nica el guaran?. Tal y como est? dise?ado el sistema educativo paraguayo, los grupos sociales con mejor desempe?o escolar son aquellos cuyo dominio del espa?ol, valorado y preferido por la econom?a y la pol?tica, es el m?s eficiente. Ahora bien, dado que el sistema educativo instaur? y oficializ? un programa de educaci?n biling?e, las desigualdades educativas deben ser explicadas seg?n una perspectiva que toma en cuenta las variedades socioling??sticas, de modo a mostrar qu? factores explican esas desigualdades y qu? respuesta dan las clases populares a su condici?n desfavorecida en la estructura social.
[en] Field trip through Valladolid the 15th of October of 1955, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Otis tarda (Great Bustard) and Pterocles orientalis (Black-bellied Sandgrouse), of which the stomach contents analysis is included.

[es] Salida de campo por Valladolid el 15 de octubre de 1955, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Otis tarda (Avutarda com?n) y Pterocles orientalis (Ganga ortega), de las que se incluyen los contenidos estomacales.
[en] This study seeks to unravel key aspects that have guided teachers? work in the past, those expressed in the present through their classroom experiences, and proposals that should guide the future of the profession. This has involved both qualitative and quantitative analyses based on interviews with 658 teachers working in some regions of northwestern Spain. An analysis of frequencies using contingency tables provides data on professional competencies and teacher training. The results reveal differences in terms of sex and age, explained by the historical and educational context before and after Franco?s dictatorship, as well as the significant changes brought about by Spain?s transition to democracy.

[es] La investigaci?n tiene como objetivo mostrar las claves que han guiado la actuaci?n del docente en el pasado, las que se manifiestan en el presente por medio de la experiencia del maestro y las propuestas que deben guiar el futuro de la profesi?n. Para ello, se ha realizado un doble an?lisis cualitativo y cuantitativo a una muestra de 658 docentes entrevistados, cuyo ejercicio profesional tuvo lugar en varias regiones del noroeste de Espa?a. El an?lisis de frecuencias, mediante las tablas de contingencia ofrece datos sobre competencias profesionales y formaci?n del docente. Los resultados indican diferencias en torno al sexo y la edad que se explican por el contexto hist?rico y educativo previo y posterior al franquismo, as? como los cambios introducidos a lo largo de la democracia.
[en] This study aimed to analyze the process of composition of income (and distribution) or by activities in hi management of resources (financial, economic, environmental, technological, human) settlement Mulinguzinho, Lorraine, Jurema and Hippolytus in the city of Mossoro the state of Rio Grande do Norte, to this end, it was conceived through quantitative and qualitative research conducted with 78 families (20% of total) and contextualized the income earned by families in 2008.

[es] Este estudio tiene como objeto analizar el proceso de composici?n de los ingresos (y distrubuci?n) o por actividades de alta gesti?n de los recursos (financieros, econ?micos, ambientales, tecnol?gicos, humanos) de los asentamientos de Mulinguzinho, Lorena, Jurena e Hip?lito en el municipio de Mossoro en el Estado de R?o Grande del Norte, el cual fu? realizado a trav?s de la investigaci?n cuantitativa y cualitativa con 78 familias (20% del total) y contextualizando los ingresos obtenidos por las familias en el a?o 2008.
[en] This review presents the central ideas of the book Pandemia e agroneg?cio: doen?as infecciosas, capitalismo e ci?ncia (Wallace, 2020), by the biologist Rob Wallace. The book contains a global and interdisciplinary investigation of the emergence of new pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria, within intensive livestock operations. From the study of the origin of epidemic and pandemic outbreaks, such as avian influenza in 2003 in China and swine flu in Mexico in 2009, the author builds a framework that integrates the analysis of public health, animal health and complex ecological systems.

[es] Esta rese?a presenta las ideas centrales del libro Pandemia e agroneg?cio: doen?as infecciosas, capitalismo e ci?ncia (Wallace, 2020), escrito por el bi?logo Rob Wallace. En l?neas generales, el libro realiza una investigaci?n global e interdisciplinaria sobre la aparici?n de nuevos pat?genos, como virus y bacterias, en la ganader?a intensiva. A partir del estudio del origen de brotes epid?micos y pand?micos, como la gripe aviar en 2003 en China y la gripe porcina en M?xico en 2009, el autor crea un marco que integra el an?lisis de la salud p?blica, la salud animal y complejos sistemas ecol?gicos.
[en] This research project consists of the design, creation, development and implementation, by means of an empirical study, of a robotic tool, as a complementary resource in the classroom, for the teaching of musical rhythm to students in the second level of Primary Education.

[es] Este proyecto de investigaci?n consiste en el dise?o, creaci?n, desarrollo y puesta en pr?ctica, mediante un estudio emp?rico, de una herramienta rob?tica, como recurso complementario en el aula, para la ense?anza del ritmo musical a alumnos de segundo curso de Educaci?n Primaria.
[en] This article analyzes the necessity to resort to habitual didactic categories to analyze the design and development of the formation processes on line and to specify its possibili-ties and contradictions. It is tried yet to contribute to the general discussion about educa-tion (or about technology and education).

[es] Este art?culo analiza la necesidad de recurrir a las categor?as habituales de la did?ctica para analizar el dise?o y desarrollo de los procesos de formaci?n en l?nea y explicitar algunos de sus posibilidades y contradicciones. Con todo ello se pretende contribuir al debate general sobre la educaci?n (o sobre tecnolog?a y educaci?n).
[en] There are two particularly prominent areas of empirical enquiry that are claimed to fall within the scope of applied linguistics, and in particular to address issues that have to with foreign language pedagogy. The first is concerned with descriptions of language, which has gathered considerable momentum in recent years with the computer analysis of corpus data. The second is research into language learning that goes under the name of SLA. Both areas claim that their findings provide an empirical basis for how the language should be pedagogically prescribed as a subject. These claims, however, would seem, in effect, to be contradictory, and a consideration of the contradiction raises critical questions about the nature of applied linguistics, customarily defined as an interdisciplinary field of enquiry directed at engaging with practical language-related problems in the real world.

[es] Hay dos ?reas particularmente destacadas en la investigaci?n emp?rica que se suelen atribuir com?nmente al ?mbito de la ling??stica aplicada, en particular a las cuestiones relativas a la pedagog?a de las lenguas extranjeras. La primera tiene que ver con las descripciones del lenguaje, lo que ha generado un desarrollo vertiginoso en los ?ltimos a?os con el an?lisis informatizado de datos procedentes de corpus. La segunda es la investigaci?n del aprendizaje de la lengua que se recoge bajo la denominaci?n de Adquisici?n de Segundas Lenguas. Ambas ?reas sostienen que sus hallazgos proporcionan una base emp?rica sobre qu? prescripciones pedag?gicas deber?an hacerse sobre la lengua como asignatura. No obstante, estas reivindicaciones parecen, en efecto, contradictorias, y una consideraci?n de esta contradicci?n lleva a plantear preguntas cr?ticas acerca de la naturaleza de la ling??stica aplicada, habitualmente definida como un campo de investigaci?n interdisciplinar centrado en los problemas pr?cticos del lenguaje en el mundo real.
[en] Faced with the worship of the ruler in the Greek east, Augustus could do little more that regulate a practice that had already existed over three centuries. His problem in Rome, in contrast, was to adapt the cult of the ruler required by contemporary practice to the usage of the Republic in such as way as to distance himself from Caesar, whose indiscretion had produced his untimely death. The system he hit upon was to emphasize Republican forms, key abstractions, and the worship of state gods closely connected with his rule: in other words to establish the cult of the emperor by other then direct means. In the Latin west in contrast he was free to shape the ruler cult as he chose. His principal contribution here was to establish regional centres at Lugdunum and elsewhere for the worship of Roma and Augustus, a prescription originally laid down for nonRomans in the Greek east. Sharply to be distinguished from this is the altar of Augustus at Tarraco reported by Quintilian. This can only be municipal, not the foundation monument of the provincial cult of Hispania citerior, which began only after the emperor?s death and dei?cation.

[es] Frente a la adoraci?n al gobernante en el oriente griego, Augusto no pudo m?s que regular una pr?ctica que exist?a desde hac?a m?s de tres siglos. Su principal problema en Roma fue adaptar el culto al gobernante a la pr?ctica contempor?nea de la Rep?blica y distanciarse de C?sar, cuya imprudencia hab?a desembocado en su asesinato. El m?todo elegido fue el refuerzo de las formas republicanas, abstracciones claves, y la adoraci?n a los dioses estatales estrechamente relacionados con su gobierno: en otras palabras, establecer el culto al emperador mediante otros medios. Por el contrario, en el occidente latino, era libre de dar forma al culto al gobernante. Su principal contribuci?n en esta parte fue establecer centros regionales en Lugdunum y en otros lugares para el culto a Roma y al propio Augusto, una receta originariamente establecida para los no romanos en el este griego. Marcadamente diferenciado de esta pr?ctica es el altar de Augusto en Tarraco, recogido por Quintiliano. Este solo puede ser considerado una manifestaci?n municipal y no el monumento fundacional del culto provincial de Hispania Citerior, que comenzar?a ?nicamente tras la muerte y la dei?caci?n del emperador.