[en] Background: Metabolic complications during pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), are involved in the development of obesity and insulin resistance in the offspring. Moreover, children with a metabolically unhealthy (MU) status are at higher cardiovascular risk later in life. Aims: To examine the risk of both a worse body mass index (BMI) and a MU status in children born to mothers with GDM or PIH. Methods: A total of 257 Spanish prepubertal children were selected for this study out of 801 participants recruited in primary care centres and schools. Information regarding the presence or not of GDM and PIH during pregnancy was recorded. Anthropometry and blood pressure were measured, metabolic biomarkers were analysed and children were classified according to their BMI and MU status. Students t-test and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine associations. Results: MU children showed higher BMI and waist circumference and a worse cardio-metabolic profile than metabolically healthy (MH) participants. There were more children born to mothers with complicated pregnancies in the MU group, this was paralleled by greater mean differences for diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in children of mothers with GDM, PIH or both than in children born to healthy pregnancies. Finally, children born to mothers with GDM or PIH had a higher risk of having a MU status and overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Children born to mothers with metabolic complications during pregnancy displayed higher DBP values and had an increased probability of having the combination of a MU status and overweight/obesity.

[es] Antecedentes: Las complicaciones metabólicas durante el embarazo como la diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) y la hipertensión durante el embarazo (HE) están relacionadas con el desarrollo de obesidad y resistencia a la insulina en los hijos. Además, los niños metabólicamente no sanos (MNS) tienen mayor riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivos: Examinar la probabilidad de tener mayor índice de masa corporal (IMC) junto a un estado MNS en hijos de madres con DMG o HE. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 257 niños españoles prepuberales de un total de 801 participantes reclutados en escuelas y centros de atención primaria. Se recogió información relativa a la presencia de DMG e HE en el embarazo de la madre. Se midió la antropometría, la tensión arterial y se analizaron marcadores cardio-metabólicos para clasificar a los niños según IMC y estado metabólico. Finalmente, se realizaron análisis t de Student y de regresión logística para examinar las asociaciones. Resultados: Los niños del grupo MNS mostraron mayor IMC, mayor circunferencia de cintura y peor perfil cardio-metabólico que los participantes metabólicamente sanos. Hubo un mayor número de niños de madres con DMG e HE entre los niños MNS, que además presentaron mayores valores de tensión arterial diastólica (TAD) que los hijos de madres con embarazos sanos. Los niños cuyas madres presentaron DM o HE mostraron mayor probabilidad de presentar la combinación de sobrepeso/obesidad y estado MNS. Conclusiones: La presencia de DMG o HE se asocia con mayor TAD en la descendencia, junto con una mayor probabilidad de tener exceso de peso y un estado MNS.