[en] Local energy communities (LECs) are a new way of generating, using and managing energy at a local level through the cooperation of different agents (citizens, local administration and SMEs). More and more entities are joining this type of communities since they offer the possibility of self-generating a large part of the energy consumed by the different sectors through renewable energy installations in a clean and efficient way. Specifically, Directive 2012/27/EU, regarding energy efficiency, indicates that buildings represent 40% of the final energy consumption of the European Union, therefore these communities are a great measure for the reduction of energy consumption and the use of energy from renewable sources in the building sector are important to reduce the energy dependence of the European Union and greenhouse gas emissions. The methodology carried out in this work has been established in three main blocks with the main objective of optimizing to the maximum the percentage of self-consumption of the entities that are part of the community. Firstly, a solar photovoltaic installation has been designed and dimensioned to generate the necessary electrical energy based on the consumption of the members for subsequent self- consumption. Secondly, three measures capable of optimizing the community or communities that could be implemented in the future were analyzed. Finally, an economic evaluation of the community has been carried out with the measures selected for the community. The results obtained in this study can be differentiated into energy and economic results. From the energy point of view, the most significant achievement shows that, through a fair and efficient distribution coefficient in the present community, a self-consumption percentage of 48% has been achieved, and it has also been concluded that efficient and good quality technology for future communities can offer savings of up to 64%. From the economic point of view, the simple payback time (TRS) of the installation ranges between 1 and 3 years, without the implementation of electric storage batteries.

[eu] Energia komunitate lokalak (CEL) tokiko energia kudeatzeko, erabiltzeko eta sortzeko era berriari dagokio, agente deberdinen kooperazioaren bitartez (biztanleria, administrazio lokala edota pymes). Geroz eta erakunde gehiago biltzen dira komunitate hauetara, energia berriztagarrien instalazio deseberdinek sortzen duten energia gehiena, modu efiziente eta garbi batean, autokontsumorako zuzentzen dutelako. Zehazki, 2012/27/UE Direktibak, efizientzia energetikoari dagokiona, eraikinek Europar Batasunaren energia finalaren kontsumoaren %40-a adierazten du, eta arrazoi honengatik, komuniate hauek energia kontsumoa gutxitzeko eta edifikazio sektorean iturri berriztagarrietatik datorren energia bultzteko neurri bat da, energiaren menpekotasuna Europar Batasunean eta berotegi-efektuaren gasen igorpenak gutxitzeko. Lan honetan jarraitu den metodologia hiru bloketan finkatu da, komunitateen parte diren entitateen autokontsumoaren ehunekoa ahalik eta gehien optimizatzeko helburu nagusiarekin. Lehenik eta behin, eguzki-instalazio fotoboltaiko bat diseinatu eta dimentsionatu da, komunitateko kideen autokontsumoan oinarritu dena, ondoren autokontsumorako beharrezkoa den energia elektrikoa sortzeaz arduratuko dena. Bestetik, etorkizunean ezarri daitezkeen komunitate edo komunitateak optimizatzeko gai diren hiru neurri aztertu dira. Azkenik, komunitatearen balorazio ekonomikoa egin da komunitatearentzako aukeratutako neurriekin. Ikerketa honetan lortutako emaitzak energia eta emaitza ekonomikoetan bereiz daitezke. Energiaren ikuspuntutik, lorpen esanguratsuenak erakusten du, gaur egungo erkidegoan banaketa-koefiziente justu eta eraginkor baten bidez, %48ko autokontsumoaren ehunekoa lortu dela, eta, gainera, ondorioztatu da teknologia eraginkorra dela. Etorkizuneko erkidegoentzako kalitate onekoak %64rainoko aurrezpena eskain dezake. Ekonomiaren ikuspuntutik, instalazioaren itzulera (SRT) 1 eta 3 urte bitartekoa da, biltegiratze elektrikoko bateriarik ezarri gabe.