[en] Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of physical exercise during pregnancy, as a prevention or treatment approach both in stress urinary incontinence in the pregnancy itself and in the postpartum period, as well as in the type of delivery and its duration. Material and methods: PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science Cochrane, NIHL and Scopus databases were searched between 2015 and April 2020. Reviews and subsequently clinical trials on general or specific pelvic floor exercise during pregnancy assessing urinary incontinence, duration of labour, or type of delivery (vaginal or caesarean) in continent or incontinent women at the start of the intervention, were included. The quality of the studies was evaluated through the impact factor of the journals (JCR / SJR) and, in addition, PEDro was used for clinical trials. Results: Nine systematic reviews (2 of them published in Q1 journals, 4 in Q2, and the rest of them in Q3-4) and 6 randomized clinical trials (PEDro mean quality of 5.5, ranging from 4 to 7 were included. From 5 works assessing UI, 4 had positive results, especially in the short term and in continent women. These studies with positive effects coincide with the most complete interventions, including not only pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME), but also general aerobic and resistance exercise. Thirteen articles analysed the influence of physical exercise on the development of labour. In 6 of them a decrease in the number of caesarean sections has been observed and in 5 of them the shortening of labour, specifically in the dilation phase. Most of the included studies combined the performance of specific (PFME) and general exercise, however there is great heterogeneity in the protocols used. Conclusions: Physical exercise during pregnancy seems to decrease the incidence of UI, as well as the improvement of the symptoms and quality of life of pregnant and postpartum women, mainly continents. In relation to labour, physical exercise could positively influence its duration and decrease the caesarean section ratio. Quality studies are needed to identify the essential components of exercise programs and the long-term effects.

[gl] Obxectivo: Analizar a efectividade e seguridade do exercicio físico durante o embarazo como prevención ou tratamento da incontinencia urinaria de esforzo no propio embarazo e no posparto, así como no tipo de parto e duración do mesmo. Material e métodos: Realizouse unha busca sistemática en PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science Cochrane, NIHL e Scopus dende 2015 ata abril de 2020. Incluíronse as revisións e ensaios clínicos posteriormente publicados que avaliaron o uso do exercicio xeral ou específico de solo pélvico durante o embarazo na incontinencia urinaria, duración do parto ou tipo de parto (vaxinal ou cesárea) en mulleres continentes ou incontinentes ó inicio da intervención. Avaliouse o factor de impacto das revistas a través de JCR/SJR e, ademais, para os ensaios clínicos empregouse a ferramenta de PEDro. Resultados: Incluíronse 9 revisións sistemáticas (2 das cales foron publicadas en revistas Q1, 4 en Q2 e o resto en Q3-4) e 6 ensaios clínicos aleatorizados (de 5,5 de calidade media na escala PEDro, con un rango de 4 a 7) Dun total de 5 traballos, 4 obtiveron resultados positivos na IU, especialmente no curto prazo e en mulleres continentes. Os estudos con efectos positivos coinciden coas intervencións máis completas, incluíndo, non só exercicio muscular do solo pélvico (EMSP) senón tamén exercicio xeral aerobio e de resistencia. Trece traballos analizaron a influencia do exercicio físico no desenvolvemento do parto. En 6 deles observouse unha diminución no número de cesáreas e en 5 deles un acurtamento do parto, concretamente na fase de dilatación. A maioría combinaron a realización de exercicio xeral e específico de solo pélvico, porén existe unha gran heteroxeneidade nos protocolos empregados. Só 1 estudo atopou efectos adversos leves dos 4 que os recolleron. Conclusións: O exercicio físico durante a xestación semella diminuír sobre todo a incidencia da IU, ao igual que mellora a sintomatoloxía e calidade de vida das mulleres embarazadas e puérperas. En relación co parto, podería influír positivamente acurtando a súa duración e diminuíndo a ratio de cesáreas. Fan falta estudos de calidade para identificar os mellores protocolos de exercicio, establecer a súa seguridade e os efectos a longo prazo.