[en] Structural systems based on columns and flat slabs are commonly used for buildings. This practice became popular in the industry due to the advantages that it presents, both architecturally and constructively, since it normally has a small depth, it helps to maximize space and thus obtain as many floors as possible. Aesthetically, it is also very attractive not to visualize a beam element coming out from under the slab. From a constructive point of view, it is easier to place the steel reinforcement and concrete on these types of elements than on a slab with lightening elements, this reduces execution times that are reflected in monetary savings. Today, it is still widely used mostly in the United States, Europe, including Spain, where the cost of labor dominates over the cost of materials. However, this system has presented problems in areas with seismic activity, such as lateral flexibility, producing large floor drifts, as well as the transmission of bending and shear stresses of lateral loads in the joint between slab and column. These actions, being the result of a dynamic and inertial response event, can be difficult to estimate, which complicates the design of these elements. This research focuses on proposing the appropriate techniques that allow the modeling that best approximates the real non-linear behavior of the structure, using the commercial software SAP2000 and taking full advantage of its automated and non-linear analysis functions, in order to have a useful tool at the engineering level. The objective is to give indications for the modeling and evaluation of seismic performance using 1D and 2D elements, reducing the need for high computational cost simulations based on 3D finite elements. To achieve this objective, some experimental tests available in the literature referring to column and flat slabs connection being subjected to seismic drifts have been selected, and then virtually reproduced in the mentioned software, comparing the results obtained with the values reported in the tests, the efficiency and precision of the models will be evaluated, both in monotonic and cyclic loading, the various parameters available in the program will be discussed after validating the models, the results produced by them and their interpretation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages they present.

[es] Los sistemas estructurales basados en columnas y losas planas son comúnmente utilizados para edificaciones. Su práctica se popularizo en la industria debido a las ventajas que presentan, tanto arquitectónica como constructivamente, al tener normalmente un canto pequeño, ayuda a maximizar el espacio y así obtener el mayor número de pisos posibles. Estéticamente, también es muy atractivo el hecho de no visualizar un elemento tipo viga saliendo por debajo del forjado. Desde el punto de vista constructivo, resulta más fácil acomodar la armadura y hormigonar este tipo de elementos que la de una losa con aligerantes, esto reduce tiempos de ejecución que se ven reflejados en ahorro monetario. En la actualidad, sigue siendo muy utilizada mayormente en Estados Unidos, Europa, incluyendo España, donde el coste de la mano de obra domina sobre el costo de los materiales. Sin embargo, este sistema ha presentado problemas en zonas con actividad sísmica, tales como la flexibilidad lateral, produciendo grandes derivas de piso, así como la transmisión de los esfuerzos de flexión y cortante de las cargas laterales en la unión entre losa y columna. Estas acciones, al ser resultado de un evento dinámico y de respuesta inercial, pueden ser difíciles de estimar, lo cual complica el diseño de estos elementos. La presente investigación se centra en proponer las técnicas adecuadas que permitan el modelado que mejor se aproxime al comportamiento no lineal real de la estructura, utilizando el software comercial SAP2000 y aprovechando al máximo sus funciones automatizadas y de análisis no-lineal, para así disponer de una herramienta útil a nivel ingenieril. El objetivo es dar indicaciones para el modelado y evaluación del desempeño sísmico mediante elementos de 1D y 2D, reduciendo la necesidad de simulaciones de alto coste computacional basadas en elementos finitos 3D.