BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] The main objective of this study is to analyze the relationships that exist among the students of the Upper Primary Education Cycle of a center, through the formation of maps, taking into account the cases of leadership that occur. The analysis of the situation of these relationships will be carried out by means of a sociogram that collects the internal results of the classroom. The observations made over eleven weeks will help to confirm the results of this sociogram. The results obtained will show what the real reality of the students is like, explaining whether there are leadership situations in each classroom. A total of 114 students in the fourth, fifth and sixth grades of primary school participated in this study. After a theoretical framework necessary to inform on the subject, the objectives of the study are set out. In order to achieve these objectives, the participants, the process and the tools involved are described below. Maps of the different classrooms have been developed and their analysis has yielded results and conclusions. The result is the description of the situation of the Upper Primary Education classrooms and the profile of the leaders present in these classrooms. The conclusions explain the current situation in a school by adding words of experts on the subject. To round off the study, the data that have not been observed or taken into account through the boundaries have been pointed out. In the event that the study should be repeated, the necessary material has been placed in the annexes.

[eu] Azterlan honen helburu nagusia ikastetxe bateko Lehen Hezkuntzako goi zikloko ikasleen artean ematen diren harremanak aztertzea da, mapen eraketen bitartez, ematen diren lidergotza kasuetan erreparatuz. Harreman hauen egoera soziograma baten bitartez analizatuko da, ikasgelaren barneko emaitzak jasoz. Hamaika astetan zehar eginiko behaketak soziograma honen emaitzak berresten lagunduko dute. Jasotako emaitzak ikasleen benetako errealitatea nolakoa den erakutsiko dute, gela bakoitzean lidergotza egoerarik dagoen azalduz. Azterlan honetan guztira 114 ikasleek hartu dute parte Lehen Hezkuntzako laugarren, bostgarren eta seigarren mailek. Gaiaren inguruan jakinaren gainean jartzeko beharrezkoa den marko teoriko baten ondoren azterlanaren helburuak planteatzen dira. Helburu hauek lortzeko, ondoren, bertan parte hartzen duten partehartzaileak, prozesua eta tresnak deskribatzen dira. Hauek aurrera eraman da ikasgela ezberdinen mapak sortu dira eta hauen analisiaren bitartez emaitza eta ondorioak atera dira. Emaitza modura Lehen Hezkuntza goi zikloko ikasgelen egoera deskribatu da eta gela hauetan dauden liderren profila atera da. Ondorioetan, gaur egungo ikastetxe batean dagoen egoera azaldu da gaiaren inguruan adituen hitzak gehituz. Azterlana borobiltzeko, bertan erreparatu ez diren eta kontuan hartu ez diren datuak seinalatu dira mugen bitartez. Azterlana berriro ere errepikatu nahi izango balitz, eranskinetan beharrezko materiala ipini da.
[en] The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the existing mechanism against the torture as well as the reality of this type of crime from a criminological perspective. It is divide in three parts: on the one hand, the fundamental issues about the torture. The history, the concept and the legal context are analyze on this part, with the objective of establish a general idea of this crime. On the other hand, an analysis of the torture from the criminological theories is done with the purpose of determine why this happened and the prevention methods that exist for it. Finally, an analysis of the reality of torture is develop, explaining the work "Torture Investigation Project (1960-2013)". By this work, it is also analyzed the role of the criminologist on the investigations of human rights violations.

[eu] Lan honen helburua, gizartean torturari aurre egiteko dauden mekanismoak eta delitu honen errealitatea ikuspegi kriminologikotik aztertzea da. Hiru zatitan banatu da: alde batetik, torturaren oinarrizko ingurumariak. Bertan torturaren historia, kontzeptua eta lege-teistuingurua aztertzen dira delitu honi buruzko ideia orokorra sortzeko. Beste alde batetik, kriminologiaren teorien bidez torturaren delitua azaltzen da, honen zergatia eta prebentzio metodoak ezartzeko helburuarekin. Azkenik, torturaren errealitatearen azterketa burutu da, "Tortura Ikerketa Proiektua (1960-2013)" lana azalduz. Proiektu horretan oinarrituta, kriminologoak giza eskubide bortxaketen ikerketetan ere burutzen duten funtzioa aztertu da.
[en] The chain of custody is a fundamental procedure in our current criminal process, scientific and technological advances have brought new developments in this area such as DNA testing. Due to the violation of rights that the removal of such samples may imply, it could be assumed that the regulation regarding the chain of custody of these samples would be extensive. However, in this regulation we can find a number of gaps that complicate the proper development of the chain of custody of DNA samples and bring with it legal uncertainty to which case law must be invoked when we are faced with irregular situations in which the fundamental rights of the parties to the process may have been violated.

[eu] Zaintza-katea funtsezko prozedura da egungo prozesu penalean; aurrerapen zientifiko eta teknologikoek berrikuntzak ekarri zituzten esparru horretan, hala nola DNA frogak. Horrelako laginak ateratzeak ekar dezakeen eskubide-urraketa dela eta, pentsa liteke lagin horien zaintza-kateari dagokion erregulazioa zabala izango litzatekeela. Hala ere, erregulazio horretan hainbat hutsune aurki ditzakegu, DNA-laginen zaintza-katea behar bezala garatzea zailtzen dutenak eta segurtasun juridikorik eza dakartenak. Horiek direla eta, prozesuaren alderdien oinarrizko eskubideak urratu diren egoera irregularrei aurre egin behar zaienean jurisprudentziara jo behar da.
[en] Abstract: This Degree's Final Project aims the study of itineraries in the space through its representation in the plane. An educative proposal was presented base on the realistic mathematical teaching. Using as a context the itinerary in the school environment, we had mathematized a context where children live and experience, by designing tasks and activities that enabled us to relate the mathematical processes with the curriculum content for this stage. The implementation in the school in which we were doing the practices allowed us to analyze the achieved results that presented in the conclusions.

[eu] Laburpena: Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua espazioan egindako ibilbideen azterketa da, beraien planoko errepresentazioaren bidez. Aurkezten genuen hezkuntza proposamena matematika errealistaren irakaskuntzaren printzipioetan oinarritzen zen. Testuinguru giza eskola inguruneko ibilbideak erabiliz, neska-mutikoek bizi eta esperimentatzen zuten ingurunea matematizatu genuen, prozesu matematikoak etapa honi zegozkion eduki kurrikularrekin erlazionatzea ahalbideratzen ziguten zereginak eta jarduerak disenatuz. Hezkuntza proposamen hau praktikak egin genituen zentroan txertatzeak ondorioetan aurkezten genituen emaitzen azterketa ahalbideratu zigun.
[en] In this paper we aim to reassess the possibilities of studying an Andalusian territory with the limited resources currently available to make an extensive study. We put into question two of the traditional methodological milestones used discriminately, without giving them the same consideration: written sources and archaeological survey. While the former has enjoyed an almost historical acceptance by the scientific community who rarely question its validity, the second is continually subject to value judgments, considering these documents are as valid as the ones found in the archives. To put it briefly, we considered whether or not it would be possible or necessary to change this situation and, especially, if it is of any use in the knowledge of our territories.

[eu] Lan honen helburua egun dauden baliabide urrien bidez andalustar garaiko lurralde baten ikerketa zabala egitea posible den ala ez balioztatzea da. Horretarako, tradizionalki modu diskriminatuan eta kontsiderazio desberdinarekin erabili izan diren bi korronte metodologiko berrikusi eta eztabaidatzen dira. Iturri idatziei eta miaketa arkeologikoari (edo lurzoruaren gainazaleko azterketa) buruz ari gara. Lehenak, beren baliotasuna gutxitan zalantzan jartzen duen komunitate zientifikoaren ia betidaniko onarpena izan duten bitartean, bigarrena sarri jartzen da zalantzan, nahiz eta jakina izan artxiboak bezain besteko testuinguru onargarria duten dokumentuak direla. Laburbilduz, egoera hau aldatzea posible den edo beharrezkoa izango litzateekeen planteatzen gara, eta batez ere, gure lurraldeen inguruko ezaguera izateko inolako baliorik duen ala ez.
[en] This End-of-Degree Project is the Energy Audit Report carried out in a Pharmaceutical Firm (hereinafter Pharmaceutical), this is a pharmaceutical lab focused on new medicines development. An energy audit has been undertaken following the current UNE-EN 16.247 auditing regulations, been proposed different improvements with their corresponding economic assessment. The audit scope can be summed up in the following steps: • Visit of the facilities. • Data capture. • Taking of measurements. • Costing and energy accounting. • Proposed energy equipment offer request. • Final report drafting. • Work presentation to the client.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan hau enpresa farmazeutiko (hemendik aurrera Farmazeutikoa) bati egindako ikuskaritza energetiko txostena da. Botika berriak ikertzen dihardun laborategi farmazeutiko bati buruzkoa da. Ikuskaritza energetikoa indarrean dauden arauen arabera UNE-EN 16.247 egin da, hobekuntza desberdinak proposatzen eta hobekuntza bakoitzari dagozkion analisi ekonomikoa egiten. Ikuskaritza honen irispidea hurrengo puntuetan laburtzen da: • Instalazioak bisita egitea • Datuak hartzea • Neurketak egitea • Kalkulu energetikoak eta ekonomikoak. • Proposatzeko diren ekipamendu energetikoen eskaintzen eskaera. • Amaierako txostena idaztea. • Bezeroari lana aurkeztea.
[en] The perception of insecurity is a phenomenon that has a great impact on citizens of contemporary societies. This work offers a review of the literature related to people's fear of crime from a sociological perspective. One case in particular is presented: the study of received insecurity in the urban intermodal station of Atotxa in Saint Sebastian (Spain), based on data collected during an internship at the Municipal Guard of the city and the surveys done by people in this area. This analysis allows to make a comparison between objective and subjective data about citizen's safety at this place.

[eu] Gizarte garaikideenko herritarren artean, segurtasun ezaren pertzepzioa eragin handia duen fenomeno da. Lan honetan, ikuspuntu soziologiko batetik, delituarekiko beldurrarekin lotutako literaturen berrikusketa azaltzen da, eta kasu zehatz bat aurkezten da: Donostiako Atotxako hiri-intermodalean hautematen den segurtasun ezaren azterketa, Donostiako Udaltzaingoan egindako praktiketan jasotako datuen bidez, baita inguruko auzokideei egindako inkesten bidez. Azterketa honi esker, herritarren segurutasunaren datu objektiboen eta subjektiboen arteko lotura ahalbidetzen da.
[en] As well as in some European jurisdictions, till the 80 it was not considered criminal responsibility for legal persons, which nowadays is regulated in Articles 11 ° and 90 ° of the Portuguese Penal Code. In this work the author shows how has been the historical development of such regulation, how it is applied and the practical application problems it creates.

[eu] Europako beste hainbat jurisdikziotan gertatu den bezala, 80. Hamarkadara arte, Portugaleko Zuzenbide Penalak ez zuen pertsona juridikoen erantzukizun penala onartu. Gaur egungo arauketari jarraituz, eredu zehatza hau Zigor Kode portugesaren 11. eta 90. artikuluetan barnebilduta dago. Lan honetan erregulazioaren nondik norakoa eta praktikak planteaturiko arazoak agertzen zaizkigu.
[en] In the present Final Degree Project, two main sections can be distinguished: on the one hand, digital marketing is analyzed as well as the music sector, focusingthe study mainly on its consumption. The emergence of the Internet has brought with it a new business paradigm, in which communication and the role of the consumer have been completely transformed, and the emergence of new technologies and marketing tools has been made possible. In this context, we have reflected on the various elements of the aforementioned topics, in order to study the influence of marketing on the consumption of music by the sample analysed. In the second part, an empirical study was carried out where the results of a survey completed by 63 students of the School of Engineering of Bilbao have been analyzed and interpreted. The objective of the survey has been to study consumption trends closely, and to detect the impact of marketing practices on them. Among the conclusions, it is worth highlighting, at the theoretical level, the following points: 1) that the 4C concept of marketing responds adequately to the current characteristics of the market; 2) that the consumer plays a central role in any type of company. In the empirical analysis, it is worth mentioning the following: 1) streaming is the service most used to consume music, but most use the free service; 2) the consumer values the convenience of the services before other factors.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan bi atal nagusi bereiz daitezke: batetik, marketin digitalaren azterketa egin da, eta baita musikaren sektorearen analisia ere, azken atal honetan azterlana gehienbat musikaren kontsumoan zentratuz. Interneten sorrerak paradigma enpresarial berri bar ekarri du, non komunikazioa eta kontsumitzailearen rola guztiz aldatu diren eta teknologia eta marketin tresna berriak sortzea ahalbidetu den. Testuinguru horretan, aipatutako gaien elementu ezberdinen inguruko gogoeta egin da, marketinak musika kontsumoan duen eragina aztertzeko asmoz. Bigarren zatian, berriz, azterketa enpiriko bat egin da, non aztertu diren Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako 63 ikaslek betetako inkesta baten emaitzak eta horien interpretazioa egin den. Inkesta horren helburua izan da laginaren musika kontsumitzeko joerak hurbiletik aztertzea, eta marketin praktikek horietan duten eragina atzematea. Ondorioen artean, maila teorikoan, honako hauek nabarmendu daitezke: 1) marketinaren 4C-en kontzeptuak modu egokian erantzuten diela gaur egungo merkatuaren ezaugarriei; 2) kontsumitzaileak rol zentrala betetzen duela edozein motako enpresetan. Analisi enpirikoan, berriz, hauek dira aipatzekoak: 1) streaminga da gehien erabiltzen den zerbitzua musika kontsumitzeko, baina ordaindu gabeko zerbitzua erabiltzen da; 2) kontsumitzaileak zerbitzuen erosotasuna baloratzen du, beste faktoreen aurretik.
[en] PLC technology stands out as a solution that takes advantage of the power grid infrastructure for data transmission. However, its original design did not take into account the transmission of information, which generates propagation and interference problems. For this reason, it is necessary to perform field measurements in order to characterize the electrical network in aspects such as network access impedance, unwanted emissions present in the network and propagation attenuation through the network. To perform these measurements, it is important to have properly calibrated equipment capable of accurately measuring the real behaviour of the power grid. This paper presents how, using a measurement acquisition system, a series of cables were used to connect to the grid and acquire measurements. After some tests, it is seen that these cables significantly modify the acquired measurements, especially at frequencies of the order of MHz. For this reason, the need arises to design a cable modelling method that characterizes the behaviour of the cables in the entire spectrum of interest, in order to correct these and future measurements. In this work, two different methods are analysed and the intrinsic peculiarities of each one is compared.

[eu] PLC teknologia sare elektrikoaren azpiegitura datuak transmititzeko baliatzen duen irtenbide gisa nabarmentzen da. Hala ere, haren jatorrizko diseinuak ez zuen kontuan hartu informazioaren transmisioa eta horrek, hedapen-arazoak eta interferentziak sortzen ditu. Hori dela eta, beharrezkoa da eremuko neurketak egitea sare elektrikoa ezaugarritzeko hainbat alderditan hala nola sarera sartzeko inpedantzian, sarean dauden nahi gabeko emisioetan eta sare horren bidez hedatzean gertatzen den indargabetzean. Neurri horiek hartzeko, garrantzitsua da behar bezala kalibratutako ekipamendu bat edukitzea, sare elektrikoaren benetako portaera zehaztasunez neurtzeko gai dena. Dokumentu honetan, neurriak eskuratzeko sistema bat erabiltzean, sarera konektatzeko eta horiek eskuratzeko hainbat kable erabili zirela aurkezten da. Proba batzuk egin ondoren, ikusi da kable horiek nabarmen aldatzen dituztela hartutako neurriak, batez ere MHz ordenako maiztasunetan. Hori dela eta, kableak modelizatzeko metodo bat diseinatzeko beharra sortu da kableek intereseko espektro osoan duten portaera ezaugarritzeko, neurri horiek eta etorkizunekoak zuzentzeko. Lan honetan, bi metodo desberdin aztertzen dira eta bakoitzaren berezitasun intrintsekoak alderatzen dira.
[en] Abstract: The connection of new electrical installations to the transmission grid must be carried out in such a way as to ensure that the safety of the electrical system is not compromised. This aspect is of particular relevance in the case of the new renewable generation based on the use of power electronics due to its different characteristics with respect to the traditional synchronous generation. This work reviews the new methodology proposed by REE for calculating the maximum connection capacity of new renewable generation at a point in the network, in addition to applying it to a test network.

[eu] Laburpena: instalazio berrien konexioa garraio sarera, sistema elektrikoaren segurtasuna arriskuan jartzen ez dela bermatuz egin behar da. Alderdi honek garrantzi berezia du potentzia elektronikaren erabilpenean oinarritutako sorkuntza berriztagarri berriaren kasuan, sorkuntza sinkroniko tradizionalarekiko dituen ezaugarri desberdinengatik. Lan honetan, REE-k proposatutako metodologia berria berrikusten da, hau da, sareko puntu batean, sorkuntza berriztagarri berriaren konexio ahalmen maximoaren kalkulua, proba sare batean aplikatzeaz gain.
[en] Jean Pinatel distinguished person of the international Criminology has dedicated his life to this science. In this article, as an homage, after pointing out the elements that have marked the trajectory of this eminent criminologist, it is made an exam of all his large oeuvre, his scientific publications, his work at different activities, proving his success in the theory as well as in the practice. In this way, it is explained his concept about the criminal personality and his contribution to the clinical Criminology.

[eu] Nazioarteko kriminologiako garrantzitsuenetakoa den Jean Pinatel-ek, bere bizitza, zientzia honi eman dio. Artikulu honetan eta omenaldi modura, kriminologo honen lanak bideratu dituzten elementuak oroitu ondoren, bere lanaren, bere publikazio zientifikoen eta hainbat aktibitateetan egin dituen ikerketen ibilgune bat egiten da, teorian eta praktikan izan duen kausitzea azalduz. Bide batez, pertsonalitate kriminalari buruzko adierazpena eta kriminologia klinikoak beregatik jaso dituen ekarpenak azaltzen dira.
[en] By considering some statistics of Latin American population and through an analysis of what is happening in Argentina, the existing poverty situation is presented together with the conflicts emerging from migrations and the victimization produced as result. Likewise, this paper underlines the need for fighting for homogeneousness, dialogue harmony, avoiding differences and looking for legal protection.

[eu] Latinoamerikar biztanlegoari buruzko zenbait estatistika kontuan hartuz, herri horietan dagoen beharraldi egoera, migrazioaren ondorioz sorturiko arazoak eta biktimizazioa azaltzen dira, Argentinan jazotzen den analisiaren bidez. Baita ere, homogeneitatea eta elkarrizketaren armonia lortu, desberdintasunak alderatu eta legeen gerizapena bilatzeko beharrean ekinez aritzen da.
[en] The theoretical work has been carried clearly outlines how important it is to consider the emotions of the students. To ensure the student's experience is positive their needs should be met, as a means to achieve academic development. However, to achieve comprehensive development, teachers need to meet the challenge of social-emotional education. During the initial and permanent training, in that matter; besides of the student´s well-being, also provides so to the teachers. The base and starting point are Vygotsky's sociocultural theory in general. Pointing out the concept of experience; from there, research has been made about the integration of the cognitive, the effective and emotional in education. Also, what has been considered is the creation of socio-emotional competencies for the teachers. The theoretical consulted sources confirm that scholar context understood as a space that facilitates the interaction, relation, and communication. These must provide a place where the emotional security and the well-being of the students are granted.

[eu] Lan teoriko honetan ikaslearen beharrizanak asetzeko eta eskola-bizipena positiboa izan dadin, emozioak kontutan hartzearen garrantzia azpimarratzen da, ikaslearen garapen akademiko eta pertsonala lortzeko bidea izanik. Baina garapen-integralaren erronkak irakaslegoaren hezkuntza sozio-emozionala eskatzen du, hasierako eta etengabeko formakuntzan; horrek ikaslearen ongizateaz gain, irakaslearena ere ahalbidetzen baitu. Vygotskiren psikologia historiko-kulturala orokorrean eta zehazki bizipenaren kontzeptua abiapuntu eta oinarri bezala hartu dira; hortik abiatuta hezkuntzan arlo kognitibo, afektibo eta emozionalaren integrazioaz arduratu diren gaur egungo lanak aztertu dira eta baita gaitasun sozio-emozionalak irakaslegoaren formakuntzan landu dutenak ere. Aztertutako iturri teorikoek baieztatzen dute eskolako testuinguruak, elkarrekintza, harremanak eta komunikazioa ahalbidetzen dituen gune bezala ulertuta, ikaslearen segurtasun emozionala eta ongizatea bermatu behar duen lekua izan behar dela.
[en] The main purpose of the current rehearsal is to analyse CIP and CIF clauses from the last Incoterms version. International Commerce Terms are kind of some standard term and conditions offered to ease the negotiations of international sales of goods. In fact, these clauses are the most particular ones, because they compel the seller to hire a carriage insurance in order to benefit the buyer and protect the goods from possible damages or losses. As a matter of fact, most of the studied practical problems are caused during the carriage's course, problems from the insurance subrogation against the carrier, to the possible consequences of the delay in the delivery of goods.

[eu] Lan honen helburua Incoterm arauen azken bertsioko CIP eta CIF aukerak aztertzea da. Incoterm izeneko arau huek, nazioarteko merkantzia salerosketan ematen diren nazioz gaindiko baldintza orokorrak dira, izaera esku-emailekoak. Aukera hauen arabera, merkantzien saltzaileak eroslearen mesederako, garraio aseguru bat kontratatzera behartuta dago, merkantzia hauek galdu ala kaltetzen diren kasuetatik babesteko. Hain zuzen ere, praktikan gertaturiko arazo gehienak, garraio honetan izaten dira, aseguratzaileak garraiolariaren kontrako duen subrogaziotik, epez kanpoko merkantzien entregaren ondorioetaraino.