[en] Dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) is a global health concern to which not only medical treatments but also agriculture contributes to. Composting is a waste management strategy for solid organic waste and compost is widely used as soil fertilizer. Studies show that composting can reduce ARGs, but results are inconsistent, influenced by different factors, and increase in abundance also got reported. The objective of this study was to analyze public available whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of compost for ARGs and explore their phylogenetic relationship. WGS data from 9 experiments were obtained from the European nucleotide archive. After de-novo assembly, 4 databases (ARG-annot, CARD, NCBI and Resfinder) were screened to identify ARGs. A phylogenetic tree was built from their reference sequences. In total 381 different ARGs were identified within 7 datasets. The most frequently detected genes were lnu(C), lnu(D), erm(G), erm(A), mef(A) and tet(X). However within the samples of known origin of finished compost, those genes were not detected; here, aadA1, aadA14, aadA31, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCARB-8, blaCMY-8, blaTEM-150, blaTEM-171, sul1, sul2, tet(H), tet(W) and vanR-O were found. From the 24 antimicrobial drug classes the main contributors to the resistome were against aminoglycoside, tetracycline, macrolide and multi-drug, accounting for 60.8%. The taxonomic classification identified as dominant phyla overall Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. The phylogenetic analysis was not conclusive, only partial cluster for antimicrobial resistance were found.

[es] La diseminación de genes resistentes a los antibióticos (GRAs) constituye un problema global al que, al margen de los tratamientos médicos, contribuye la agricultura. El resultado del compostaje una estrategia de gestión de residuos sólidos, se emplea como fertilizantes de suelos. La literatura muestra que el compostaje puede reducir la presencia de GRAs, pero los resultados son diversos. Este trabajo persigue analizar datos públicos de genomas de completos secuenciados de compost de GRAs y explorar su relación filogenética. Para ello, se emplean datos de 9 experimentos del archivo europeo de nucleótidos. Tras un ensamblaje de-novo, se examinan 4 bases de datos (ARG-annot, CARD, NCBI y Resfinder) para identificar GRAs y se construye un árbol filogenético a partir de sus secuencias de referencia. En total, se identifican 381 GRAs diferentes en 7 conjuntos de datos. Los genes detectados con mayor frecuencia son lnu(C), lnu(D), erm(G), erm(A), mef(A) y tet(X). Sin embargo, estos genes no se encuentran en las muestras de compost de origen conocido, en las que se detectaron los genes aadA1, aadA14, aadA31, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCARB-8, blaCMY-8, blaTEM-150, blaTEM-171, sul1, sul2, tet(H), tet(W) y vanR-O. Dentro de las 24 clases de medicamentos antimicrobianos, aquellos con mayor presencia en los ARGs son el aminoglucósido, la tetraciclina, el macrólido y los multifármacos (60,8%). En la clasificación taxonómica se identifican como filias dominantes las actinobacterias, bacteroidetes, firmicutes y proteobacterias. El análisis filogenético no resulta concluyente y se encuentran únicamente clústeres parciales de resistencia antimicrobiana.