[en] With the economic, political and social changes during the colonial period in New Spain, the indigenous populationwas introduced to a system of slavery, economic and social exploitation by the Spanish, who controlled production based on mercantilism, consumer demand, to the new ideologies introduced and to the control of a new mode of production. At thistime new trades were expanded in New Spain, with this the Indian learned to develop a new production, techniques and different styles, but continued with his ideology in the production of certain objects such as: ceramics, rattle figures, paintings inthe churches, christs of cane, christs of butterfly buds, etc., that reflected these two cultures and the acculturation and Europeanization that was being generated. In pre-Hispanic times the Indians related feathers with their gods, with wars, in commerce and tribute. Feather objects were used by women of a certain social rank in the huipiles, the rulers and the military in their attire and in their parties. The pens were considered for society as a luxury object. The distribution of feathers by the trade ranged from the northern area of Mexico to Tenochtitl?n. For the dominated indigenous society, the use of the pen continued with its cultural significance and became a fundamental part of its communication codes. In this sense the use of the pen in the paintings and clothing became a form of cultural resistance against the social imposition given in the colony. In colonial times there was a change since feather art was elaborated to represent Catholic religious images such as: Christs, the Virgin Mary andthe Saints. It was not the same meaning for these two societies, for the Indians the use of feathers was linked to the gods while the Spaniards related it to the Catholic religion and to their own ideology.

[es] Con los cambios econ?micos, pol?ticos y sociales durante la ?poca colonial en la Nueva Espa?a, el ind?gena se introduce a un sistema de esclavitud, explotaci?n econ?mica y social por parte del espa?ol, quien controlaba la producci?n en base al mercantilismo, a la demanda de consumo, a las nuevas ideolog?as introducidas y al control de un nuevo modo de producci?n. En este momento se ampliaron nuevos oficios en la Nueva Espa?a, con ello el ind?gena aprendi? a elaborar una nueva producci?n, t?cnicas y estilos diferentes, pero continu? con su ideolog?a en la producci?n de ciertos objetos como: cer?mica, figurillas sonaja, pinturas en las iglesias, cristos de ca?a, cristos de capullos de mariposa, etc., que reflejaban a estas dos culturas y la aculturaci?n y europeizaci?n que se estaba generando. En la ?poca prehisp?nica los ind?genas relacionaban las plumas con sus dioses, con las guerras, el comercio y el tributo. Los objetos de plumas los utilizaban las mujeres de cierto rango social en los huipiles, los gobernantes y los militares en su atuendo y en sus fiestas. Las plumas eran consideradas para la sociedad como un objeto de posici?n social, ideol?gica y pol?tica. La distribuci?n de plumas por parte del comercio abarcaba desde el ?rea norte de M?xico hasta llegar a Tenochtitl?n. En la ?poca colonial se dio un cambio ya que se elaboraba el arte plumario para representar a im?genes religiosas cat?licas como: Cristo, la Virgen Mar?a y los Santos. No era el mismo significado para estas dos sociedades; para los ind?genas el uso de las plumas estaba vinculado con los dioses y formas de conducta establecidas en la ?poca prehisp?nica, mientras que para los espa?oles lo relacionaban con la religi?n cat?lica y con su propia ideolog?a. Para la sociedad ind?gena dominada, el uso de la pluma continu? con su significado cultural y se volvi? parte fundamental de sus c?digos de comunicaci?n. En este sentido el uso de la pluma en los cuadros y la vestimenta se convirti? en una forma de resistencia cultural contra la imposici?n social dada en la colonia.