[ca] L'envelliment és caracteritzat per una pèrdua progressiva de la integritat fisiològica que condueix a un deteriorament funcional, més vulnerabilitat i fragilitat. Comporta canvis d'estructures estomatognàtiques implicades en la deglució que influeixen en la mecànica deglutòria de les persones d'edat avançada, on aquests canvis incideixen en la seguretat i l'eficàcia de la deglució. Existeix una manca de consens sobre la millor manera de dur a terme el procés diagnòstic de disfàgia, ja que la literatura científica no distingeix clarament entre la detecció i l'avaluació clínica de la disfàgia, conduint a la confusió en el disseny de protocols. El propòsit del present treball ha consistit a realitzar una revisió de la literatura sobre els protocols d'avaluació logopèdica amb major evidència científica per diagnosticar i supervisar la disfàgia en la població geriàtrica, amb l'objectiu de poder conèixer i determinar la major evidència, i poder aportar una revisió actualitzada dels protocols d'avaluació. Es considera essencial realitzar controls de la deglució de la població geriàtrica, mitjançant cribratges i supervisions clíniques de forma periòdica, tant en persones sense disfàgia com en persones amb disfàgia, on tornar a administrar l'avaluació implica, en un cas, la detecció precoç i, en l'altre, actualitzar la intervenció a mesura que la disfàgia evoluciona. Dels resultats obtinguts, s'ha conclòs que l'avaluació ha de ser integral, recomanant valorar l'ús de mètodes propers a aquesta i emparar o complementar amb instruments que distingeixin entre diferents tipus d'aliments, les seves consistències (líquides i sòlides) i volums que s'administren, i proporcionar pautes dietètiques eficaces i segures.

[en] Ageing is characterised by a progressive loss of physiological integrity leading to functional decline, increased vulnerability and fragility. It involves changes in stomatognathic structures involved in swallowing that influence the swallowing mechanics of the elderly, where these changes influence the safety and efficiency of swallowing. There is a lack of consensus on the best way to carry out the diagnostic process of dysphagia, as the scientific literature does not clearly distinguish between screening and clinical assessment of dysphagia, leading to confusion in the design of protocols. The purpose of this study was to carry out a review of the literature on the speech therapy assessment protocols with the most scientific evidence for diagnosing and monitoring dysphagia in the geriatric population, in order to identify and determine the best evidence, and to provide an updated review of the assessment protocols. It is considered essential to monitor swallowing, through regular screening and clinical supervision, both in people without dysphagia and in people with dysphagia, where reassessment involves, in one case, early detection and, in the other, updating the intervention as the dysphagia evolves. The results obtained, concluded that the assessment should be integral, recommending to assess the use of methods similar to it and to include or complement it with instruments that distinguish different types of food, their consistencies (liquids and solids) and volumes to be administered, and provide effective and safe dietetic recommendations.