[en] Introduction: pain and anxiety in children has been underestimated throughout history due to misconceptions which indicated that, due to the immaturity of their central nervous system (CNS), the child was unable to feel. Although all these ideas have been discontinued, there is evidence that both pain and anxiety are not properly evaluated or treated by the nurse. The emergency services are special services, where the urgency, the care pressure and other factors make the management of pain and anxiety even more difficult in the pediatric patient. Venipuncture and venous canalization are frequent aggressive techniques in emergency care which causes pain and anxiety in the child. Therefore, it seems necessary to know how these techniques affect children and what measures nursing professionals may use to reduce them and provide children with the most pleasant experience possible. Objective: The purpose of this project is to identify the stress/anxiety degree in children during venipuncture and/or venous canalization. Material and method: a prospective descriptive observational study is carried out during the months of January to March 2020 among children who attend the Pediatric Emergency Department of the University Hospital of Cabueñes and who need venipuncture and / or venous canalization. Likewise, a bibliographic review is carried out in different databases. Outcome: ✓ It can be affirmed that there is a relationship between the degree of pain and the degree of real/anticipatory anxiety in children. ✓ Children undergoing venous canalization methods have demonstrated a higher level of pain than those who have undergone venipuncture ones. No relationship has been established between sex and pain/anxiety degree. There is a relationship between pain and age, especially in young children. Higher levels of pain have been found in children up to 7 years of age. Conclusions: ✓ Invasive needle procedures cause pain and anxiety in children which can cause negative consequences in future experiences. ✓ It has been shown that there is a significant relationship between the real/anticipatory anxiety pain in children undergoing venipuncture and / or venous canalization methods. ✓ Pain continues to be undervalued in children by nursing professionals. Continued training is essential in order to allow an adequate and optimal pain management in the future. ✓ Non-pharmacological sedation techniques have a relevant role in improving the quality of pain management in the pediatric patient (SEUP Analgesia and Sedation Manual). ✓ Allowing the presence and active participation of parents helps reduce anxiety and pain.

[gl] Introdución: a dor e a ansiedade nos nenos foron infravalorados ao longo da historia por ideas erróneas que indicaban que debido á inmadurez do seu sistema nervioso central (SNC) o neno non foi capaz de sentir. A pesar de que todas estas ideas foron interrompidas, hai evidencias de que tanto a dor como a ansiedade non son valoradas ou tratadas adecuadamente polo profesional de enfermaría. Os servizos de emerxencia son servizos especiais, onde a urxencia, a presión asistencial dificultan aínda máis a dor e a ansiedade no paciente pediátrico. A venipuntura e a canalización venosa son técnicas agresivas moi frecuentes en emerxencias que causan dor e ansiedade ao neno. Por iso, parece necesario saber como afectan estas técnicas aos nenos e que medidas poden empregar o persoal de enfermería para reducilas e proporcionar ao neno a experiencia máis agradable posible. Obxectivo: o presente traballo pretende identificar o grao de estrés/ansiedade en nenos durante a venipuntura e/ou canalización venosa. Material e método: realizouse un estudo observacional descritivo prospectivo durante os meses de xaneiro a marzo de 2020 entre nenos que asistiron ao Servizo de Urxencias Pediátricas do Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes e que requirían venipuntura e / ou canalización venosa. Así mesmo, realízase unha revisión bibliográfica en diferentes bases de datos. Resultado: ✓ Pódese afirmar que existe unha relación entre o grao de dor e o grao de ansiedade real / anticipativa nos nenos. ✓ Os nenos sometidos a canalización venosa demostraron un maior nivel de dor que os que sufriron venipuntura. ✓ Non se estableceu ningunha relación entre o sexo e o grao de dor e ansiedade. Existe unha relación entre a dor e a idade, especialmente nos nenos pequenos. Atopáronse niveis máis altos de dor en nenos de ata 7 anos. Conclusións: ✓ Os procedementos de agulla invasores causan dor e ansiedade en nenos que poden ter consecuencias negativas nas experiencias futuras. ✓ Mostrouse que existe unha relación significativa entre a dor e a ansiedade real/anticipatoria en nenos sometidos a venipuntura e / ou canalización venosa. ✓ A dor continúa sendo infravalorada nos nenos polos profesionais da enfermaría. O adestramento continuado é esencial para permitir no futuro un manexo adecuado e óptimo da dor. ✓ As técnicas de sedación non farmacolóxicas teñen un papel relevante na mellora da calidade do manexo da dor no paciente pediátrico (Manual de Analización e Sedación de SEUP). ✓ Permitir a presenza e participación activa dos pais axuda a reducir a ansiedade e a dor.