BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Abstract: the present project belongs to the field of grinding, more specifically to cylindrical grinding. Its main objective is studying the possibility of grindig without using a lathe dog, which has certain drawbacks. This way, it is expected to identify the process limitations where the use of the lathe dog is necessary. Specific material-removal rate Q'w will be used as the representative parameter for these limits, since it is a good indicator of the aggressiveness of the process. In the first place, a theorical study of the torque transmited in the contact between the center and the workpiece is carried out. In order to achieve this, the geometry of the contact will be analysed. Later, the maximmun specific material-removal rate which generates the limitant torque previusly mentioned, will be calculated. At this point, the workpiece slides instead of rotating simultaneously with the center. Finally, experimental tests will be carried out in a cylindrical grinder. The conditions of the tests, will be similar to the theoretically calculated as limitants. So as to, find the real maximmun value of the specific material-removal rate in different processes, and to compare the results with the theoretical calculus done.

[eu] Laburpena: lan hau artezketari buruzkoa da, artezketa zilindrikoari buruzkoa, hain zuzen ere. Honen helburua, pieza puntuen artean muturretatik lotua artezketzea da, arrasteko txakurra erabili gabe. Horrela, arrasteko txakurra beharrezkoa egiten duten prozesuaren limitazioak aurkitzea espero da, txakurrak zenbait eragozpen dituelako. Aipatutako limitazioak ezartzeko, txirbil jario espezifikoa Q'w erabiliko da, prozesuaren agresibitatearen adierazle ona baita. Lehenik eta behin, puntuaren eta piezaren arteko kontaktuan sortutako arrastreko parea kalkulatzen duen azterketa teoriko bat egiten da. Horretarako, piezaren euskarrien analisi bat egin beharko da, piezaren eta puntuaren arteko kontaktuaren geometria erreala ezagutzeko. Ondoren, aztertutako prosezuentzat kalkulatutako arrasteko parea gainditzen duen Q'w parametroaren gehienezko balorea kalkulatzen da. Momentu honetan, piezak puntuaren gainazalean irrist egingo du, piezaren abiadura linealaren kontrola galtzen. Azkenik, teorikoki kalkulatutako balioaren inguruan, artezketa zilindriko entseguen ebaketa baldintzak ezarriko dira. Horrela, alde batetik, piezak irrist egingo barik Q'w parametroaren gehienezko balioa aurkitzea espero da eta, bestetik, teorikoki kalkulatutako arrastreko parea egiaztatzea.
[en] A digital twin is a virtual representation of a device or process in a plant. Technologies used in modeling of digital twins allow for the virtual commissioning of a process, that consists of the offline verification of its control system through the running simulation of the digital twin along the controller code. The virtual commissioning can be performed using Software in the Loop (SiL) simulation or Hardware in the Loop (HiL). SiL simulation implies the virtualization not only of the controller but the of process as well, whereas HiL simulation only implies the virtualization of the process. In this context, this project details the virtual commissioning, using SiL simulation, of a Flowpack machine destined to a food industry production line. For this, the following software tools belonging to Mitsubishi Electric's PLM portfolio are used: the new Digital Twin simulation tool (Gemini), the controller programming tool (GX Works3) and the HMI programming tool (GT Designer3).

[eu] Biki-digital bat gailu jakin baten edota prozesu oso baten irudikapen birtuala da. Prozesua martxan ipini daiteke era birtualean (virtual commissioning) biki-digitalak eratzeko dauden teknologiei esker; hau da, sistemaren biki-digitala eta hura menderatzen duen kontrolagailuaren kodea egiaztatu daitzeke simulazioren bidez offline. Prozesua bi era ezberdinetan jar daiteke martxan, Software in the Loop (SiL) edo Hardware in the Loop (HiL) bitartez. SiL simulazioetan prozesua eta kontrolagailua irudikatzen dira era birtualean; HiL-etan aldiz, bakarrik prozesua. Testuinguru honetan, proiektu honetan elikadura-industriarako Flowpack makina bat martxan ipini nahi da era birtualena SiL motako simulazio bitartez. Horretarako, Mitsubishi Electric empresaren PLM portfolioaren software erramintak erabiliko dira, Biki-Digitalen simulazioetarako aukeztu duten tresna berria (Gemini), kontrolagailuak programatzeko erraminta (GX Works3) eta HMI pantailak programatzeko erraminta (GT Designer3) izango dira aipagarrienak.
[en] The purpose of this project is to carry out the conceptual design, modeling and structural analysis of a road geometry bicycle frame, using tools such as Computer Aided Design software and Finite Elements Analysis software.. The initial model will be analyzed an optimized to fulfill the strength requirements of the assumed load scenario. The aim of this project it is to complete the first stage of a hypothetic industrial production case.

[eu] Lan honen helburura, errepide bezalako bizikleta koadro baten diseinu, modelizazio eta estruktura analisia burutzea da. Hau CAD eta FEA software erabilketaren laguntzaz egingo da. Hasierako modelua analizatuko egingo da, eta erresultaten arabera, geometría hobetuko da, honek hipotesi cargak egoki jasatearren. Projektu honen xedea industrian eman litzatekeen kasu bat osatzea da.
[en] No education system is perfect, that is, everyone can get better. From a criminal standpoint, education should be able to inhibit or reduce crime rates. But because of the deficiencies or defects of existing education, it is not fulfilling this goal. In particular, the education system in the Basque Autonomous Community has several vacancies that promote risk factors for criminality. So by examining our education regulations, analyzing the educational methodology used by other countries, and interviewing three people closely related to education, I have detected defects in the education system that affect criminality. But all errors are remediable. But we shall only be able to improve them by the cooperation of all the members of society.

[eu] Hezkuntza sistema bat bera ere ez da perfektua, hots, guztiak hobetu daitezke. Ikuspuntu kriminologikotik, hezkuntzak kriminalitate tasak inhibitzeko edo murrizteko gai izan beharko luke. Baina egungo hezkuntzek dituzten gabeziak nahiz akatsak direla eta, ez da helburu hori betetzen ari. Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan indarrean dagoen hezkuntza sistemak, konkretuki, hainbat hutsune ditu kriminalitaterako arrisku faktoreak sustatzen dituena. Hori dela eta, gure heziketaren araudia aztertuz, beste herrialdeek erabiltzen duten heziketa metodologia analizatuz eta hezkuntzarekin harreman estua duten 3 pertsona elkarrizketatuz, kriminalitatean eragiten duten hezkuntza sistemako akatsak detektatu ditut. Halere, oker guztiak konpongarriak dira. Baina soilik gizarteko kide guztien lankidetzaren bidez izango gara gai horiek hobetzeko.
[en] This study covers a real and painful problem for the LGTBIQ+ population who have been and are victims of hate and discrimination. In order to find out if the criminal process can be improved to avoid revictimization during the process, an analysis of the scientific literature was carried out, accompanied by interviews in order to compare theory and practice of the criminal process. In this way, different professionals of the justice sector were interviewed and provided the reality of the criminal process. Finally, conclusions and proposals for improvement are drawn by all the actors involved in the process. These are aimed at improving training, creating a database that facilitates and speeds up referral to the different services and associations available to the victim, as well as improving the information and support offered to the victim during the process. Always with the aim of reducing the re-victimization of the people going through this process and giving them back the importance they deserve in the process. For which it is also proposed to deepen, train and inform more on restorative justice.

[eu] Lan honek LGTBIQ+ biztanleriarentzat benetakoa eta mingarria den arazoa biltzen du, gorrotoaren eta diskriminazioaren biktima izan direnentzat. Birbiktimizazioak saihesteko prozesu penala hobetu daitekeen jakiteko, literatura zientifikoaren azterketa bat egin da, prozesu penalaren teoria eta praktika alderatzeko elkarrizketekin batera. Horrela, justizia-sektoreko hainbat profesional elkarrizketatu dira, zigor-arloko prozesuaren errealitatea kontatu dutenak. Azkenik, ondorioak atera eta hobetzeko proposamenak egin dira, prozesuko eragile guztien bidez. Horien helburua prestakuntza hobetzea, biktimarentzat eskuragarri dauden zerbitzu eta elkarteetara bideratzea erraztuko eta bizkortuko duen datu-base bat sortzea, eta biktimari prozesuan zehar eskaintzen zaion informazioa eta laguntza hobetzea da. Betiere, prozesu horretan dabiltzan pertsonen birbiktimizazioa murrizteko eta prozesuan merezi duten garrantzia emateko. Horretarako, justizia errestauratiboan sakontzea, prestakuntza eta informazio gehiago ematea ere proposatzen da.
[en] Trafficking in human beings is a serious crime involving the trade and exploitaCon of human beings for different purposes, which seriously violates the human rights of these persons. Among these purposes, the most prevalent are those related to sexual exploitaCon and labour exploitaCon. The aim of this work is to address these modaliCes in order to understand the reality experienced by the vicCms and the resources available to them for each of the modaliCes. It concludes with an analysis and criCque of the exisCng instruments and resources.

[eu] Gizakien salerosketa delitu larria da, hainbat helburutarako gizakien merkataritza eta esplotazioa dakarrena, pertsona horien giza eskubideak modu larrian urratzen dituena. Helburu horien artean, sexu-esplotazioari eta lan-esplotazioari dagokienak prebalentzia handiena dutenak dira. Lan honen bidez, modalitate horiei heldu nahi zaie, bikCmek bizi duten errealitatea eta modalitate bakoitzerako duten baliabideak ezagutzeko. Amaitzeko, dauden tresnak eta baliabideak aztertzen eta kriCkatzen dira.
[en] The analysis of young people's culture implies the study of the "cyberculture", and is specifically important the notion of body to determine the sense of the physical aggression. Young people belonging to this culture play with their bodies and their lives, exhibiting the possibility that the body is nothing, and believing that there's not much difference between living and dying. It is possible that the existence of these values creates a new youth for which the violence has become something daily.

[eu] Kulturari buruzko gazteen analisiak, "ziberkultura" deritzan fenomenoaren azterketa bat suposatzen du, haren barruan berriz, garrantzitsua da gorpuaren kontzeptua, eraso fisikoen zentzua zehazteko. Gazteek, kultura horren barruan beren gorpuekin jolasean aritzen dira, baita beren biziekin ere, gorpua ezer ez dela adierazten dute, eta heriotza eta bizitzaren artean ez dagoela ezberdintasun handirik. Posible da balore horien egonak biolentzia normaltzat hartzen duen gazteri berri bat sortzen aritzea.
[en] In this article, we summarize a doctoral dissertation defended in March of 2015. The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the translation of specific phraseological units from German into Basque, and thereby to describe translation behaviors in literary texts translated either directly (or partially directly) or indirectly from German into Basque. Additionally, we carried out a corpus-based translation analysis. Specifically, we used the Aleuska catalog to create a digitized, parallel and multilingual (German-Spanish-Basque) corpus from which we extracted the phraseological units under consideration in this study.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, 2015eko martxoan defendatutako tesiaren nondik norakoak laburtuko ditugu. Tesiaren helburu nagusia unitate fraseologikoen (UF) itzulpena aztertzea izan da, alemanetik euskarara egin diren literatur itzulpenetan dauden itzulpen-portaerak (translation behaviours) deskribatu ahal izateko, bai zuzenean (edo aldez zuzenean) egin diren itzulpenetan bai zeharka egin direnetan ere. Itzulpen-azterketa, gainera, corpusean oinarritutakoa izan da. Gure kasuan horrek esan nahi du corpus digitalizatu, lerrokatu eta eleaniztuna (alemana-gaztelania-euskara) sortu dugula, Aleuska katalogoa oinarri hartuta, eta corpus horretatik erauzi ditugula aztergai izan diren UFak.
[en] Bone damage caused by trauma, infection, tumors or even aging, make bone one of the most transplanted tissues globally. To date, from a clinical point of view, the most effective method for bone transplantation is the use of autologous grafts due to their osteoinductive, osteoconductive and osteogenic properties. However, donor site morbidity and limited bone supply make it necessary to study new ways to obtain bone tissue. At this point, bone tissue engineering is of special interest, as the combination of stem cells with osteoinductive biomaterials resembles the performance of autologous grafts. Bone development is controlled by a wide variety of factors in vivo. Among them, mechanical stimuli stand out, key in the induction of osteogenesis in adipose derived stem cells (ASC). In this work we have sought to induce the osteogenic differentiation process in ASC through a nanovibration mechanism generated by a bioreactor. The final aim is to implement a simple, reproducible and scalable protocol under GMP (Good Manufacturing Practices) quality standards to develop a Cell Therapy Product without any chemical induction. The results obtained through the analysis of early markers such as, alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression of osteonectin (SPARC) and bone sialoprotein (IBSP), demonstrate pre-differentiation of nanovibrated ASCs to osteogenic lineages, compared to controls. These preliminary results could be the basis for promising advances in bone cell-therapy.

[eu] Traumatismoek, infekzioek, tumoreek edo zahartzeak eragindako hezur-kaltearen ondorioz, hezurra da munduan gehien transplantatu izan den ehunetariko bat. Orain arte, ehun autologoa izan da hezur-transplantea egiteko modurik eraginkorrena, ikuspuntu klinikoa kontutan hartuta. Hala ere, erauzketa-gunean gerta litezkeen zailtasunen eta beren hornidura mugatuaren ondorioz, hezur ehun alogenikoa lortzeko bide berriak aztertzea beharrezkoa da. Ehunen ingenieritzak gero eta abantail handiagoak eskaintzen ditu hezurren birsorkuntzaren behar honetan. Jatorri alogenikoa duten zelula ama eta gaitasun osteoinduktoredun biomaterialak konbinatzen duten tratamenduak, injertu autologoen errendimendua berdintzea lortzen ari dira. Hezurraren garapena hainbat in vivo faktoreren kontrolean oinarritzen da. Horien artean, azpimarragarriak dira zelula ama mesenkimaletan (ASC) estimulu mekanikoek eragindako osteogenesi prozesuak. Lan honetan, bioerreaktore batek sortutako nanobibrazio-mekanismo baten bidez, ASCen desberdintze osteogenikoaren prozesua bultzatu nahi izan da; indukzio kimikorik gabe. Erraza, errepikagarria eta fabrikazio praktika onen kaliatate-estandarrenpean eskalagarria den protokoloa ezartzeko helburuarekin. Markatzaile goiztiarren analisiaren bidez lortutako emaitzek, hala nola II fosfatasa alkalinoaren aktibitateak eta osteonektinaren (SPARC) eta hezursialoproteinaren (IBSP) adierazpen genikoak erakusten dute ASC nanobibratuen predesberdinketa osteogenikoa, kontrolekin alderatuz. Atariko emaitza horiek oinarria izan litezke hezurrari aplikatutako zelula-terapiaren munduan aurrerapen oparoak lortzeko.
[en] Zabala's grammatical work (1848) has only deserved the attention of Bascologists in the field of dialectology (Zuazo 1988) and because of its contribution to the appearance of the Bizkaian literary dialect (Urgell 2001) or the appearance of hyper-Bizkaian (Laka 1986, Zuazo 1989). This article is an initial approach to Zabala's linguistic ideas, comparing them fundamentally with its two main sources: Larramendi and Astarloa.

[eu] Zabalaren gramatika lanak (1848) euskalarien arreta bildu du, baina soilki dialektologiaren aldetik (Zuazo 1988) eta literatur bizkaiera (Urgell 2001) edo hiperbizkaiera (Laka 1986, Zuazo 1989) sortzen egindako ekarpenagatik. Artikulu hau Zabalaren ideia linguistikoetara egindako lehen hurbiltzea da, funtsean haren bi iturri nagusiekin konparatuz: Larramendi eta Astarloa.
[en] In this paper, minors convicted in Spain for having committed a sexual crime between 2017 and 2019 are analyzed. The descriptive part synthesizes the literature related to the typical characteristics that have been found in minors who committed said crimes. Similarly, the databases that included the information that will be used for the analysis are also studied; that is, the statistics of minors convicted for sexual crimes, carried out by the National Institute of Statistics. In the empirical part, various hypotheses tests are carried out, both of homogeneity and proportions, in order to study the evolution and distribution of these minors, using for the homogeneity tests, both the asymptotic approximation to a Pearson's χ2 distribution, and the exact distribution obtained in García Pérez and Núñez Antón (2018), to be able to compare the results obtained in both approaches. Finally, some brief conclusions and recommendations are included.

[eu] Dokumentu honetan, 2017 eta 2019 urteen artean sexu delituren bat egin izanagatik Espainian kondenatutako adingabeak aztertzen dira. Zati deskriptiboan aipatutako delituak egiten dituzten adingabeetan aurkitu diren ezaugarri tipikoekin lotutako literatura sintetizatzen da. Era berean, datu baseak, nondik analisirako erabiliko den informazioa atera den, ere aztertzen dira, hau da, sexu delituengatik kondenatutako adingabeen estatistikak, Estatistika Institutu Nazionalak egindakoak. Zati enpirikoan, hainbat hipotesi-proba egiten dira, homogeneotasun eta proportziozkoak, adingabeen datuen bilakaera eta banaketa aztertzeko. Homogeneotasun-probetarako, bai Pearson χ2 banaketarekiko hurbilketa asintotikoa, bai García Pérez eta Núñez Antón-en (2018) lortutako banaketa zehatza, erabiliko dira, bietan lortutako emaitzak alderatu ahal izateko. Azken zatian, zenbait ondorio eta gomendio labur biltzen dira.
[en] In the last years, pushbacks, as a response of state's authorities, have become a practice as common as judged because of its illicitness. On this matter, people have often criticised that these returns do not fulfil those obligations and rights stipulated by the national and international rules (especially those related to human rights). In this dynamic, the Spanish state has gotten used to performing these practices on its borders (such as the border located in Ceuta) in order to deal with the irregular entrances of immigrants from Morocco. However, at the present the legality of the performance of this pushbacks carried out by the Spanish authorities is still on debate

[eu] Immigrazio irregularraren aurrean estatuetako autoritateek emandako erantzun gisa, beroan egindako itzulketak azken urteotan ohiko eta epaitutako praktika bihurtu dira bere zilegitasun ezagatik. Ildo horretan, sarritan kritikatua izan da itzulketa horiek ez dituztela betetzen bai arau nazionaletan bai nazioartekoetan ezarritako eskubide eta betebeharrak (bereziki giza eskubideei dagozkienak). Dinamika horretan, Espainiako estatuak bere muga-lerroetan praktika hori erabiltzeko ohitura hartu du, Ceutako mugan kasu, Marokotik datozen immigranteen sarrera irregularrei aurre egiteko. Hala ere, Espainiako autoritateek beroan egindako itzulketen erabileraren legezkotasuna eztabaidagai da gaur egun ere.
[en] In this Final Dissertation, the conversion of the odour control chemical scrubber located at the wastewater treatment plant of Orduña into a fixed bed biofilter is proposed. The reutilization of the scrubber tank as the structural unit for the biofilter is proposed based on the bibliographic review of the main odour sources and the state of the art technology. At the same time, the internal structure is designed in order to support the total weight of the packing material without drilling through the tank walls. The packing material is divided in three levels, and each of them contains the microorganisms responsible for the pollutants' degradation. After a compulsory acclimation period, the proposed alternative will be able to treat a gas stream of 24,000 m3/h polluted with organic volatile compounds (VOCs) with an equal or superior performance when compared with the original chemical scrubber.

[eu] Hemen aurkezten den Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan, Orduñako hondakin-uren araztegian usainen tratamendurako erabiltzen den gas-garbigailua ohantze organikoa duen bioiragazki batean bihurtzea proposatzen da. Kiratsen sorkuntzaren eta hauek tratatzeko gaur egun aurkitu daitezkeen teknologien inguruko literatura aztertu ostean, gas-garbitzailearen tanga bioiragazkiaren egitura-unitate bezala erabiltzea erabakitzen da. Aldi berean, bioiragazkiaren ohantzearen pisua sostengatuko duen barne egitura diseinatzen da. Diseinuan tangaren hormak bere horretan uztea (zulatu barik) proposatzen da. Sistema berriaren diseinuak hiru pisutan banatzen du ohantzea. Horietariko bakoitzean garaturiko mikroorganismoek kutsatzaileak konposatu ezkaltegarrietara degradatuko dituzte. Mikroorganismoen aklimatazio prozesua bukatu ostean, aurkezturiko proposamenak konposatu organiko lurrunkorrekin (KOL) kutsatuta dagoen 24.000 m3/h-ko gas korrontea tratatzeko gai izango da, gaur egun martxan dagoen gas-garbigailu kimikoaren eraginkortasuna berdinduz edo hobetuz.
[en] Nowadays, along with the change that has occurred in society, the role of education has varied and the needs that it must respond to, have increased: to encourage students to be critical, to manage over-information, to protect teachers, to offer students the attention that they demand, to overcome the curricular division, etc. Within this context, it is necessary to consider the educational character that cities have. Developing a local curriculum and using educational power of cities can be useful and effective resources for education. These paper, analyses the resources mentioned above, that is to say, the local curriculum and the educational cities, and their respective examples in detail. At the same time, an innovative programme is proposed for a term, the main objective of which is to take advantage of the educational dimension of the city. To this end, the context, justification, objectives, competencies, contents, resources, tasks or activities, timing and conclusions are determined. Likewise, in this programming, students will be in contact with the city during three weekly sessions and will create a didactic guide to know different spaces of the city.

[eu] Gizartearen aldaketarekin batera, gaur egun, hezkuntzaren papera aldatu egin da eta hezkuntzak erantzun behar dituen premiak ugaldu egin dira: ikasle kritikoak sortzea, gehiegizko informazioa kudeatzea, irakasleak babestea, ikasleei beharrezko atentzioa eskaintzea, zatiketa kurrikularra gainditzea… etab. Testuinguru horretan, guztiz kontuan hartzekoa da hiriek duten izaera hezitzailea. Tokiko curriculum-ak garatzea eta hirien ahalmen hezitzailea erabiltzea baliabide erabilgarriak eta eraginkorrak izan daitezke hezkuntzarentzat. Lan honetan, aipatutako baliabide horiek, alegia, tokiko curriculumak eta hiri hezitzaileak eta euren adibideak zehaztasunez aztertzen dira. Horrekin batera, hiriaren alderdi hezitzaileari probetxua ateratzea helburu nagusi duen hiruhileko baterako programazio berritzaile bat planteatzen da. Horretarako, testuingurua, justifikazioa, helburuak, konpetentziak, edukiak, baliabideak, zereginak, denboralizazioa eta ondorioak zehazten dira. Halaber, programazio honetan, astean hiru saiotan hiriarekin kontuaktuan egongo dira umeak eta hiriko gune ezberdinak ezagutzeko gida didaktiko bat sortuko dute.