BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] he teaching of Spanish as a second language in high school (high school) in the United States presents serious difficulties (social, economic, etc.), Which adds a certain lack of methodology by teachers who do not exploit the potential application of discourse analysis in this level. To contribute to the solution of the difficulties mentioned above, this research aimed at tracing the development of a methodology based on analysis of the discourse of different text types for the B1 level to be attained by students to complete high school: the development of communicative interaction skills, self-assessment guidelines proposed by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, which are suited to the needs of high school students, as well as the cognitive approach, communicative and sociocultural to contribute to a best communicative interaction will be part of the study that we perform.

[es] La ense?anza del espa?ol como segunda lengua en el bachillerato (high school) en los Estados Unidos presenta serias dificultades (sociales, econ?micas, etc.), a las que se suma cierto desconocimiento de car?cter metodol?gico por parte de los docentes que no aprovechan las potencialidades de la aplicaci?n del an?lisis del discurso en este nivel de ense?anza. Para contribuir a la soluci?n de las dificultades antes mencionadas, esta investigaci?n se traza como objetivo la elaboraci?n de una propuesta metodol?gica basada en el an?lisis del discurso de la distinta tipolog?a textual correspondiente al nivel B1 que deben alcanzar los estudiantes al culminar el bachillerato: el desarrollo de habilidades para la interacci?n comunicativa, las pautas para la autoevaluaci?n que propone el Marco com?n europeo de referencia para las lenguas, que se adecuan a las necesidades de los estudiantes del high school, as? como el enfoque cognitivo, comunicativo y sociocultural para contribuir a una mejor interacci?n comunicativa formar?n parte del estudio que vamos a llevar a cabo
[en] Due to the importance of both the organization and preservation of personal files as essential sources in any science field research, we present here a new proposal to organise the huge amount of documents, most of them unknown, by the German musicologist Kurt Schindler. He was an outstanding figure in the field of traditional and popular music in our country during the first years of the last century; also important because of his compiling work as well as being a studious man all throughout his life.

[es] Dada la importancia de la organizaci?n y conservaci?n de los archivos personales como fuentes primordiales para la investigaci?n en cualquier campo de las ciencias, presentamos una propuesta de organizaci?n para la numerosa documentaci?n, in?dita en gran parte, del m?sico alem?n Kurt Schindler, figura se?era en el campo de la m?sica tradicional y popular de nuestro pa?s a principios del pasado siglo, tanto por su labor de recopilador como de estudioso.
[en] Down syndrome (DS) is considered the best known and most frequent intellectual disability. Cognitive development usually occurs in a similar way to the sequence produced in typical development; while the linguistic development is lagging behind it. However, it is expected that language development will benefit from logopedic intervention during adolescence and adulthood. The objective of the present study is to know if there are improvements in the areas of oral language with a non-systematized intervention after the passage of time (5 years) in specific areas of language: morphosyntax, semantics and pragmatics. A longitudinal study was carried out with two temporal moments (2012/2017). The sample consisted of 12 of the subjects with DS, aged between 13 and 21 years. For the evaluation of language areas, the standardized Objective and Criteria Language Battery test (BLOC-C) was used in individual sessions. The results obtained show that there are no significant linguistic differences after five years of linguistic intervention performed by speech therapists in any of the areas evaluated. Taking into account the data obtained, it is necessary to design intervention programs systematized and based on scientific evidence that improve the linguistic characteristics of adolescents with DS, in addition to reflecting on the interventions that are currently carried out.

[es] El s?ndrome de Down (SD) es considerado la discapacidad intelectual m?s conocida y frecuente. El desarrollo cognitivo se produce, normalmente, de manera similar a la secuencia producida en el desarrollo t?pico; mientras que el desarrollo ling??stico presenta retraso respecto al mismo. Sin embargo, cabe esperar que el desarrollo del lenguaje se beneficie de la intervenci?n logop?dica durante la adolescencia y la etapa adulta. El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer si existen mejoras en las ?reas del lenguaje oral con una intervenci?n no sistematizada tras el paso del tiempo (5 a?os) en ?reas concretas del lenguaje: morfosintaxis, sem?ntica y pragm?tica. Se ha realizado un estudio longitudinal con dos momentos temporales (2012/2017). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 12 de los sujetos con SD, con edades entre los 13 y los 21 a?os. Para la evaluaci?n de las ?reas del lenguaje se us? la prueba estandarizada Bater?a del Lenguaje Objetiva y Criterial (BLOC-C), en sesiones individuales. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que no existen diferencias ling??sticas significativas tras cinco a?os de intervenci?n ling??stica realizada por logopedas en ninguna de las ?reas evaluadas. Teniendo en cuenta los datos obtenidos, es necesario dise?ar programas de intervenci?n sistematizados y basados en la evidencia cient?fica que mejoren las caracter?sticas ling??sticas de adolescentes con SD, adem?s de reflexionar sobre las intervenciones que se llevan a cabo actualmente.
[en] The consumption of drugs indicated for the treatment of sleep disorders, anxiety and depression ? benzodiazepines, Z analogues and antidepressants ? has doubled in 2020 as a result of the global pandemic COVID-19 compared to 2019. The main objective of this study is to analyse the patients' profile treated with anxiolytics/antidepressants, taking into account their ages, sex, drugs taken and perseverance with medication. A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was designed, in which the study population consisted of patients being treated with at least one anxiolytic drug ? hypnotic or benzodiazepine ? with a total sample of 80 patients. Data collection was carried out from March to June at the chemist's by means of a questionnaire, answered voluntarily and anonymously by patients. A search by active ingredient/pharmaceutical speciality was carried out using drug technical sheets. The questionnaires were analysed with Python v3.8.5 database. It was observed that the consumption of this kind of drugs is more common among women, and among 20-30 year-old-people, being lorazepam the most dispensed anxiolytic and combined with antidepressants.

[es] El consumo de f?rmacos indicados en el tratamiento de trastornos del sue?o, ansiedad y depresi?n ?benzodiazepinas, an?logos Z y antidepresivos? se ha visto duplicado en el a?o 2020 a ra?z de la pandemia mundial COVID-19 frente a 2019. El objetivo principal del trabajo es analizar el perfil del paciente en tratamiento con ansiol?ticos/antidepresivos teniendo en cuenta variables como edad, sexo, principio activo y constancia con la medicaci?n. Se dise?? un estudio observacional descriptivo de tipo transversal, en el que la poblaci?n de estudio consta de pacientes en tratamiento con al menos un f?rmaco ansiol?tico ?hipn?tico o benzodiacepina?, siendo una muestra total de 80 pacientes. La recogida de datos se realiz? durante los meses de marzo a junio en la oficina de farmacia a trav?s de un cuestionario, contestado de forma voluntaria y an?nima por los participantes. Para su elaboraci?n se realiz? una b?squeda por principio activo/especialidad farmac?utica, a trav?s de las fichas t?cnicas de los medicamentos. Los cuestionarios fueron analizados en la base de datos Python v3.8.5. Se observ? que el consumo de esta clase de f?rmacos es m?s com?n en mujeres y en personas de entre 20-30 a?os, siendo lorazepam el ansiol?tico m?s dispensado y combinado con antidepresivos.
[en] This article outlines the history of the Irish language. Its main focus is linguistic, dealing with the changes which mark the different phases of the diachronic development of the language, and with spelling which constitutes a major obstacle for learners. However, it also touches on historical and sociolinguistic matters. The article attempts to draw attention of Spanish scholars to Celtic Studies, which are fundamental for a comprehensive understanding of the remains of the ancient languages and cultures of our Hispanic ancestors.

[es] El art?culo ofrece un recorrido por la historia de la lengua irlandesa. Se centra en cuestiones ling??sticas y, en concreto, en los cambios y transformaciones que jalonan las distintas etapas de la evoluci?n hist?rica. Aborda cuestiones de graf?a por ser ?sta una de las dificultades m?s importantes para el aprendizaje del irland?s. Y atiende tambi?n a aspectos hist?ricos y socioling??sticos que ayudan a entender las circunstancias peculiares de los distintos per?odos. El art?culo pretende ser una llamada de atenci?n a los estudiosos espa?oles sobre la importancia de la Filolog?a C?ltica, que tanto puede contribuir a una correcta interpretaci?n de las lenguas y culturas paleohisp?nicas.
[en] The Canadian thinker Marshall McLuhan is widely recognized as one of the great theorists and commentators on modernity in the post-1945 period. Yet he himself was not a modernist in any simple sense of that word. He consistently engaged with modernity, but did so in order to undermine it in favour of a pre-modern conception of the world inspired by his intense relationship with Catholicism. McLuhan was, in fact, an arch antimodernist, which makes his preeminent role as an ?expert? on modernity and education within the self-consciously progressive 1960s Ontario (Canada) Department of Education a deeply ironic one. This paper uses that paradoxical relationship to bring out the full complexity of McLuhan?s interconnected ideas on modernity, antimodernity, Catholicism, and school reform, while shedding light on his unique status as a public intellectual during Canada?s 1960s.

[es] El pensador canadiense Marshall McLuhan es reconocido por ser uno de los grandes te?ricos y analistas de la modernidad en el per?odo posterior a 1945. Sin embargo, el pensamiento moderno de McLuhan ten?a cierta complejidad. Constantemente comprometido con la modernidad, su defensa se orientaba a intentar debilitarla a favor de una concepci?n premoderna del mundo inspirada por su intensa relaci?n con el catolicismo. McLuhan era, de hecho, un gran antimodernista. Un posicionamiento que resulta ir?nico si se observa el papel tan destacado que McLuhan desempe?? como ?experto? en la modernidad y en la educaci?n en el Departamento de Educaci?n del gobierno progresista en la d?cada de 1960 en Ontario (Canad?). Este trabajo parte de esa relaci?n parad?jica para abordar la complejidad de las ideas interconectadas de McLuhan a favor y en contra de la modernidad, el catolicismo y la reforma de la escuela, al tiempo que aporta claridad con respecto a su estatus ?nico como intelectual p?blico durante la d?cada de los a?os sesenta en Canad?.
[en] Since the 1990s, the concept of governance rose to prominence in the literature regarding transboundary waters, as well as the international cooperation among riparian States. This article seeks to determine the fragilities in the governance of the major transboundary water resources in South America: the Amazon and La Plata River Basins. In spite of the current international agreements, including those regarding infrastructure development and supranational organizations, water governance presents fragilities related to institutional problems, lack of social participation and dif?culties in structuring a common project of development.

[es] A partir de la d?cada de 1990, la gobernanza gan? relevancia en la literatura sobre aguas transfronterizas, tal como la cooperaci?n internacional entre los Estados ribere?os. El presente trabajo pretende analizar cu?les son las fragilidades de la gobernanza de las principales cuencas transfronterizas en Am?rica del Sur, las Cuencas del Amazonas y del Plata. A pesar de la existencia de acuerdos internacionales, incluso para el desarrollo de infraestructuras y organismos supranacionales, la gobernanza del agua presenta fragilidades que se concentran en problemas institucionales, en la falta de participaci?n y en la di?cultad de estructurar un proyecto com?n de desarrollo para esas aguas.
[en] This work deals with the Rural Historiography of Northern Spain for the last fi fty years, analyzing not only its peaks but also the gaps. It focuses on the study of the agrarian systems: a coastal dynamic one with high densities and signifi cant innovations all through the centuries, and an underpopulated inland one, more static but not immovable, with important changes in its last phase. The mainstay of this rural society is that farming and cattle raising economy. It is a society with slight presence in towns, organized between the lowland cereal-producing model and the cattle raising model with a lower net product but the greatest detractions. Finally, we have considered the different social and territorial strategies as well as the standards of living that are refl ected in welfare, civilization and luxury goods.

[es] El estudio analiza la historiograf?a ruralista de la Espa?a septentrional durante los ?ltimos 50 a?os, sus momentos culminantes y las lagunas pendientes. Se centra en el estudio de los sistemas agrarios distinguiendo uno mar?timo y din?mico de altas densidades con importantes innovaciones en la larga duraci?n y otro interior menos poblado m?s est?tico pero no inm?vil con cambios importantes en su etapa fi nal. Esta econom?a agr?cola y ganadera es el sost?n de una sociedad campesina con d?bil presencia urbana y que se articula entre un modelo m?s cerealero, propio de las tierras bajas de reducida presi?n de la renta y otro m?s ganadero con un producto neto muy inferior que sufre mayores detracciones. El trabajo concluye con una aproximaci?n a las diferenciadas estrategias sociales y territoriales y a los niveles de vida refl ejados en los objetos de bienestar, lujo y civilizaci?n.
[en] This study aims the political congruence in Latin American presidentialist democracies. It analyzes the levels of ideological congruence between parties and presidential candidates with their voters. The data used come from Americas Barometer at Vanderbilt University and Latin American Elites Project at the University of Salamanca for 11 Latin American countries between 2004 and 2014. The results conclude that the ideological links in Latin America are varied. Voters tend to be more congruent with the political parties they vote for in the legislative than with the candidates they vote for president, reinforcing the idea of dual legitimacy and dual representation in these countries. The radicalism, and the number, of parties and candidates appears as the most significant variables to explain ideological congruence.

[es] Este estudio apunta a la congruencia pol?tica en las democracias presidenciales latinoamericanas. Analiza los niveles de congruencia ideol?gica entre los partidos y los candidatos presidenciales con sus votantes. Los datos utilizados provienen del Bar?metro de las Am?ricas en la Universidad de Vanderbilt y del Proyecto de las ?lites Latinoamericanas en la Universidad de Salamanca para 11 pa?ses latinoamericanos entre 2004 y 2014. Los resultados concluyen que los v?nculos ideol?gicos en Am?rica Latina son variados. Los votantes tienden a ser m?s congruentes con los partidos pol?ticos por los que votan en el legislativo que con los candidatos que votan por el presidente, lo que refuerza la idea de doble legitimidad y doble representaci?n en estos pa?ses. El radicalismo y el n?mero de partidos y candidatos aparecen como las variables m?s significativas para explicar la congruencia ideol?gica.
[en] Unamuno translated Seneca's Medea at the request of the Spanish government; the traslation was completad at the beginning of May 1933. It was done for the opening of the Roman Theatre in Merida, and it was staged or 18 June of that year by Enrique Borr?s and Margarita Xirgu. Unamuno then wrote the Chorus par?s in verse for Oscar Espl? to put them to music. But this did not arrive in time for the staging. Unamuno's translation was eventually published in 1954, but the verses for the Chorus have remained unpublished until today.

[es] Unamuno tradujo la Medea de S?neca a petici?n del Gobierno espa?ol; traducci?n terminada a primeros de mayo de 1933. La hizo para la inauguraci?n del Teatro romano de M?rida y la pusieron en escena, el 18 de junio de aqu?l a?o, Enrique Borr?s y Margarita Xirgu. Unamuno compuso luego en verso los Coros para que Oscar Espl? les pusiera m?sica. Pero no lleg? a tiempo para representarse. Aunque la traducci?n de Unamuno no se publicar?a hasta 1954, los versos han permanecido in?ditos hasta hoy.
[en] Is social education a specific and differentiated type of education? What differentiates it from other types of education? Is there any education or pedagogy that is not social? How are pedagogy and social education related to these other, also specific, types of education? These are some of the questions that guide the conceptual and historical journey undertaken in this work from the perspective of pedagogy and social education, based around what we have characterized as ruptures in education. The underlying idea is that various ruptures have occurred in the field of education over the past century within the framework of the predominant analytical perspective. Four specific ruptures are identified and analyzed: (a) that which classifies the universe of educational actions in three areas: formal, non-formal and informal; (b) the difference between pedagogy and educational sciences; (c) that which identifies three differentiated types of pedagogy: family, school, and social; and (d) that which divides the field of Education at university into so-called areas of scientific knowledge. The work closes with an interpretation of the connections that currently structure these ruptures in education.

[es] ?Es la educaci?n social un tipo espec?fico y diferenciado de educaci?n? ?Qu? es lo que la diferencia de otros tipos de educaci?n? ?Hay alguna educaci?n o pedagog?a que no sea social? ?C?mo se relacionan la pedagog?a y educaci?n social con esos otros tipos, tambi?n espec?ficos, de educaci?n? Estas son algunas de las preguntas que, desde la perspectiva de la pedagog?a y la educaci?n social, orientan el recorrido conceptual e hist?rico que se desarrolla en este trabajo alrededor de lo que hemos caracterizado como escisiones educativas. Se parte de la idea que, al amparo de la perspectiva anal?tica predominante, se han producido a lo largo del pasado siglo, diversas escisiones en el campo de la educaci?n. Se identifican y analizan cuatro escisiones concretas: (a) la que estructura el universo de las acciones educativas en tres ?reas: formal, no formal e informal; (b) la que diferencia entre pedagog?a y ciencias de la educaci?n; (c) la que clasifica tres tipos diferenciados de pedagog?a: la familiar, la escolar y la social; y (d) la que estructura el sector universitario de la educaci?n en las denominadas ?reas de conocimiento cient?fico. Se cierra el trabajo con una lectura de las articulaciones que estructuran en la actualidad aquellas escisiones educativas.
[en] Compilation of observations of the Eurasian Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola) achieved through many field trips to different riverside habitats of the province of Valladolid, prior to de period between the 10th of November of 1949 and the 19th of January of 1955.

[es] Recopilaci?n de observaciones de la Chocha perdiz (Scolopax rusticola, tambi?n conocida como Becada) realizadas durante varias salidas de campo a diferentes enclaves ribere?os de la provincia de Valladolid, entre fechas anteriores al 10 de noviembre de 1949 y el 19 de enero de 1955.
[en] The SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) disease has caused millions of cases since the pandemic status was declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, changing the usual medical and surgical practices. Doctors and nurses represent a significant percentage of the general population infected. Among them, the special risk of infection in otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons (ENT) stands out, due to the proximity to the upper airway and the risk of generation of bioaerosols during procedures./nThe objective of this article is to prepare a document on safe otorhinolaryngological practice during the COVID19 pandemic, based on a compilation of the best evidence adapted to the risk of transmission, according to the combination of the results of the risk indicators established by the Ministry of Health, Consumption and Social Welfare (MSCBS). This document is the result of the collaboration of the scientific commissions and the COVID-19 committee of the SEORLCCC.

[es] La enfermedad por el SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) ha provocado millones de casos desde que se declarase el estado de pandemia por la Organizaci?n Mundial de la Salud (OMS) en marzo de 2020, cambiando las pr?cticas m?dicas y quir?rgicas habituales. Los sanitarios representan un importante porcentaje de la poblaci?n general contagiada. Entre ellos, destaca el especial riesgo de infecci?n en otorrinolaring?logos y cirujanos de cabeza y cuello (ORL), debido a la cercan?a a la v?a a?rea superior y al riesgo de generaci?n de bioaerosoles durante los procedimientos./nEl objetivo de este art?culo es la elaboraci?n de un documento de pr?ctica otorrinolaringol?gica segura durante la pandemia COVID19, basado en una recopilaci?n de la mejor evidencia adaptada al riesgo de transmisi?n, seg?n la combinaci?n de los resultados de los indicadores de riesgo establecidos por el Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social (MSCBS). El presente documento es fruto de la colaboraci?n de las comisiones cient?ficas y del comit? COVID-19 de la SEORLCCC.
[en] Field trip of Carlos Valverde G?mez, brother of the author, to Valdestillas (Valladolid) the 16th of January of 1953, of which there were noted observations about the following birds: Anas crecca (Common Teal), Anas penelope (Eurasian Wigeon), Gallinago gallinago (Common Snipe, refered as Capella gallinago by the author) and Scolopax rusticola (Eurasian Woodcock).

[es] Salida de campo de Carlos Valverde G?mez, hermano del autor, a Valdestillas (Valladolid) el 16 de enero de 1953, de la que se anotaron observaciones sobre las siguientes aves: Anas crecca (Cerceta com?n), Anas penelope (Silb?n europeo), Gallinago gallinago (Agachadiza com?n, llamada Capella gallinago por el autor) y Scolopax rusticola (Chocha perdiz, tambi?n llamada Becada).