[en] This article reflects on the degree of populism present in the single party of Franco's dictatorship, the Spanish Traditionalist Falange and the JONS. It begins with a definition of populism based on classic and recent contributions and then assesses the weight of populism in historical fascism. The specificity of Spanish fascism, however, is that it survived in a democratic environment after 1945. The paper reviews the evolution of Falange, whose members and leaders, in spite of the political power and symbolic presence that the party enjoyed, were aware of the limits that they encountered in the imposition of a project of their own due to the weight of the most conservative and Catholic sectors within the regime. As a result of this contradiction, they produced a discourse articulated around the idea of a ?pending revolution? which allowed them to identify themselves fully with Franco and his work, while at the same time developing a critique of some aspects of the regime. They claimed to embody the values of the ?people? against sectors such as the Opus Dei, which they regarded as distorting the values of the ?national revolution? of July 18 due to spurious interests. This discourse was taken up by the young people who were socialized in the fiery rhetoric of revolutionary Falangism in the fifties and sixties. However, as Francoism was progressively delegitimized, Falangism either became a bunker closed to change, or else was transformed by the blue reformist sectors, which would end up supporting the adoption of democratizing and reconciliation measures that the death of the dictator definitely prompted.

[es] El articulo intenta reflexionar sobre el grado de populismo presente en el partido ?nico de la dictadura franquista, Falange Espa?ola Tradicionalista y de las JONS. Para ello, se parte de una definici?n sobre populismo a partir de aportes cl?sicos y recientes para luego ver el peso del populismo en el fascismo hist?rico. Pero la especificidad del fascismo espa?ol es sobrevivir en un entorno democr?tico tras 1945. En el trabajo se hace una revisi?n de la evoluci?n de una Falange que tiene poder pol?tico y presencia simb?lica, aunque sus miembros y dirigentes perciben limitaciones para la imposici?n de un proyecto propio, dado el peso de los sectores m?s conservadores y cat?licos dentro del r?gimen. Esta contradicci?n produce un discurso de ?revoluci?n pendiente? que hace compatible la identificaci?n total con Franco y su obra y a la par, desarrolla un discurso cr?tico con algunos aspectos del r?gimen, mientras Falange dec?a encarnar los valores del ?pueblo? frente a sectores como el Opus Dei que estar?an deformando los valores de la ?revoluci?n nacional? del 18 de julio por intereses espurios. Este discurso cal? en los j?venes socializados en la ret?rica ardiente del falangismo revolucionario en los a?os cincuenta y sesenta, pero la deslegitimaci?n progresiva del franquismo acab? reduciendo al falangismo o bien a un b?nker cerrado al cambio o a los sectores reformistas azules que se acabar?an sumando a la necesidad de la adopci?n de medidas democratizadoras y de reconciliaci?n, definitivamente impulsadas con la muerte del dictador.