BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Enfance is Nathalie Sarraute work that depicts how an author can cross the hues of dream and fiction in a story that purports to be autobiographical. The reader is thus encountered with a highly composed game where sarrautian fiction, classical autobiography and the singular use of narrative voices are interwoven harmoniously to a point that leads us to question the nature and identity of even literary genres.

[eu] Enfance, Nathalie Sarrauteren lana, nahiz eta egileak ametsa eta fikzioaren tonua erabili, autobiografikoa izan nahi duen narrazioa da. Honela, irakurleak topatzen du joko oso konplikatua, bertan armoniaz nahasten dira Sarrauteren fikzioa, autobiografia klasikoa eta narratzaileen ahotsen erabilpen bitxia, literatur generoen funtsa eta baita jatorria ere zalantzan jar ditzakegun arte.
[en] This paper examines the impact of simulation, hyperreality, and consumerism on Don Delillo's novel White Noise. It discusses how the novel pictures technology and mass media as an empire of signs and codes that erase or implode meaning. TV, radio reports and tidbits, and medical imaging devices are intertwined with many aspects of people's lives in this late capitalist culture. Futhermore, the paper will shed some light on the issue of hyperreality which is generated by simulations. We will see how this new type of reality becomes more real than reality itself. Then, the influence of the supermarket and the emergence of consumer culture will be discussed. We will see how production and consumption have gained a new different meaning in this new "superficial" society and how it reshapes people's undestanding and interaction with reality.

[eu] Artikulu honek simulazioak, hipererrealitateak eta kontsumismoak Don DeLilloren White Noise eleberrian izan duten eragina aztertzen du. Egileak esanahia ezabatu edo deuseztatzen dituen inperiotzat ditu teknologia eta komunikabideak. Telebista eta irratiko berri eta zurrumurruek eta irudi medikoak sortzeko tresnek jendearen bizimoduarekin nahastu dira azkenaldiko kultura kapitalista honetan. Are gehiago, lan honek simulazioen bidez sortutako hipererrealitateari buruzko alderdi batzuk argituko ditu. Ikusiko dugun bezala, errealitate mota hau errealitatea bera baino errealagoa bihurtu da. Gero, supermerkatuen eragina eta kontsumo-kulturaren hedapena aztertuko ditugu. Ekoizpen eta kontsumoak esanahi berria hartu dute "azaleko" gizarte honetan, eta jendeak gauzak ulertzeko dituen moduan eta errealitatean eragina dutela ikusiko dugu.
[en] This article attempts to provide some keynotes in trying to understand the construction of the Spanish State and it's Basque terrorist outlaw. The Nation State's institutional discourses such as the ZEN plan (1983), Ararteko's analysis (2009) or Ertzaintza's antiterrorist website (2011) become indispensable tools for the community's construction. These texts lead to an interpretation of discipline, sovereign power and governmental management through the subjec(tifica)tion technologies that build the outlaw as Homo Sacer.

[eu] Artikulu honek Estatu espainiarra eta horren legez kanpoko euskal terroristaren irudiaren eraikuntzari buruzko alderdi esanguratsu batzuk landu nahi ditu. ZEN plana (1983), Arartekoren analisiak (2009), edota Ertzaintzaren web antiterrorista (2011) bezalako Estatu nazioaren diskurtso ofizialak ezinbesteko egingo dira komunitatearen eraikuntzarako. Testu horiek diziplina, botere subiranoa eta kudeaketa gobernamentalaren analisira garamtzate. Triangelu horrek legez kanpokoa homo sacer gisara eraikiko du subjek(tifika)zio teknologia ezberdinen bitartez.
[en] This article traces the articulation of "colonial disavowal" in the works of Pérez Galdós (Fortunata y Jacinta), José Manuel Etxeita (Josetxo) and José Rizal (Noli me tangere) in order to map out a Hispanic Atlantic-Pacific defined by the self-effacing quality of the Pacific space. The article centers on the Hispanic Pacific and its disavowal, as it is articulated through references to Manila in all three novels, in order to show how it is the central sight from which colonial disavowal can be studied in all three literary traditions while decentering and fragmenting any Spanish or Hispanist appropriation of Spanish imperialist history. The article concludes that a new global and post-Hispanist articulation of the Hispanic Pacific must be deployed in order to use its self-effacing character against nationalist realities such as the Spanish, the Filipino, or the Basque, so that a different trans-post-colonial history is written against the nationalist Hispanic/Hispanist grain.

[eu] Artikulu honek "ukapen koloniala"-ren artikulazioak aztertzen ditu Pérez Galdósen (Fortunata y Jacinta), José Manuel Etxeitaren (Josetxo) eta José Rizalen (Noli me tangere) lanetan, Ozeano Bare-Atlantiko hispaniar espazio bat atzeko asmoz, definizioa Ozeano Barearen eremuaren izaera autobaztertzailetik abiatuta. Artikuluak Ozeano Bare hispaniarrean eta haren ukapenean jartzen du arreta, hiru eleberrietan Manilari egindako erreferentzien bidez artikulatua agertzen den bezala. Helburua nola, ikuspegi hau abiapuntutzat hartuta, hiru tradizio literarioen ukapen koloniala aztertu daitekeen erakustea da, horretarako. Espainiako historia inperialistaren edozein jabetze espainiar edo hispanista deserdiratuz eta zatituz. Artikuluaren ondorioetatik postulatzen denez, Ozeano Bare hispaniarraren artikulazio global berri eta post-hispaniar bat jarri behar da martxan, bere izaera autobaztertzailea espainiar, filipinar edo euskalduna bezalako errealitate nazionalisten aurka erabiltzeko, nazionalismo hispaniar/hispanistaren aurka doan historia trans-post-koloniala idazteko.
[en] In this article we discuss the role of otherness in the poetic universe of Miquel Àngel Riera (Manacor, 1930-1996) taken as an official ideology that is intersubjectively accepted. In the construction of the poetic subject his own discourse is presented as a dialogical relationship with other particular discourses, which work as hypotexts more or less tacit and utterly alien to him. It is for this dialectical logic self/other that the subject of the enuntiation is not questioned, but it remains reinforced as a model of what is described as the human condition.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, alteritateak, ideologia ofizial eta intersubjektiboki onartu moduan, Miquel Àngel Rieraren (Manacor, 1930 - Palma, 1996) unibertso poetikoan duen betekizuna eztabaidan jartzen da. Subjektu poetikoa eratzean, autorearen beraren diskurtsoa beste diskurtso batzuekin duen harreman dialogiko gisa agertzen da, eta beste horiek hipotestu nolabait ezkutuko eta besterenduak dira. Ni/Bestea logika dialektikoa dela-eta, enuntziazioaren subjektua ez da zalantzan jartzen. Alderantziz, gizatasuna bailitzan deskribatzen zaigunaren erreferente eredugarri izaten jarraitzen du, sendo eta tinko.
[en] The article reflects on the relevance of studies about literature and twentieth century historical catastrophes for Comparative Literature, particularly in regard to testimonial literature of concentration camps and exile. The article explores antecedents in disciplines such as Literature and History and Literature of Exile. It also proposes to approach testimonial literature from two comparative perspectives that enrich the analysis of texts: interdisciplinarity and transversality.

[eu] Artikuluak Literaturari eta hogeigarren mendeko hondamendi historikoei buruzko azterketak Literatura Konparatuaren gaien errepertorioaren barruan ote dauden hausnartzen du, eta zehazki, kontzentrazio esparruen eta erbesteko lekukotasunezko Literaturari dagokionez. Diziplina arlo horretako Literatura eta Historia eta erbeste Literatura azterketen aurrekariak esploratzean jartzen du arreta. Horrela, proposatzen du lekukotasunezko Literaturari ikuspuntu konparatistaren berezko bi irizpideren bidez heltzeko aukeran oinarritzea, testuen analisia aberasteko balioko dutelako: diziplinartekotasuna eta zeharkakotasuna.
[en] It is easier to establish a canon than to analyze its formation process. This article attempts to explain how the film noir canon was formed using the distinction between the corpus or catalog, the whole of the films, and the canon, the masterpieces. These have constituted the models, upon which, like in a constellation, the academics have attempted to gauge the distinctive features of the lot in the thematic, narrative and stylistic orders. A critical construction in the end, there is not agreement about if film noir is a genre at the theoretical level, either a series or a cycle of the American cinema, but its existence is undeniable at the empirical level.

[eu] Errazagoa da kanon bat ezartzea haren eraketa prozesua aztertzea baino. Artikulu honetan zinema beltzaren kanona nola eratu den azaltzen saiatuko gara, bi elementu ezberdintzea proposatuz: corpusa edo katalogoa, hau da, egin diren film guztiak, eta kanona, maisu-lanek osatua. Konstelazio bat osatuko balute bezala, lan hauek oinarri hartuta egin dute lan adituek zinema beltz osoaren ezaugarri bereizgarriak zehaztu nahian, ordena tematiko, narratibo eta estilistikoari dagokionez. Azken batean prozesu kritiko bat da eta ez dago adostasunik zinema beltza esparru teorikoan genero bat den edo zinema ipar-amerikarraren baitan atal edo ziklo bat osatzen duen erabakitzeko. Edonola ere, ukaezina da esparru enpirikoan existitzen dela.
[en] The persistency and richness of the sense of symbols in the history of culture is undeniable, and one of the fundamental dimensions is its realization in the space of literary texts. In this article I intend to present a deployment of the theoretical categories that appear essential of the analysis of symbols in the scope of literary work. I also define each concept and try to show its competence in the work of symbol interpretation. As a theoretical basis I recover the contributions of the leading scholars and critics in the world of symbols as well, as my own experience.

[eu] Kulturaren historiari dagokionean, sinboloen iraunkortasun eta zentzu aberastasuna ukaezinak dira, eta literatura testuen espazioa da bere oinarrizko dimentsioetako bat. Artikulu honetan literatura obren eremuan sinboloen analisirako oinarrizkoak diren zenbait kategoria teoriko aurkeztu nahi ditut. Hala, kontzeptu bakoitza definitu eta sinboloen interpretazio-lanean duten zeregina aurkezten saiatu naiz. Oinarri teorikorako sinboloen munduko ikertzaile eta kritiko nagusien ekarpenez eta, baita nire esperientziaz ere, baliatu naiz.
[en] Madame d'Aulnoy's Relation du voyage d'Espagne (1691) had an immense literary importance and can be considered a mirror to the culture of Spain and its customs in the late Seventeenth-Century. Madame d'Aulnoy's observations do not aim to pass judgment on Spanish culture nor are they an attempt to promote to French culture over that of Spain. However, by observing the culture and customs of the Spanish Other her observations allow her to define her own identity as a French women. This article will examine how this French female writer, Madame d'Aulnoy, portrays Spanish women and to what extent the prejudices and practices of classical travel literature are present in her descriptions.

[eu] Madame d'Aulnoy-ren Relation du voyage d'Espagne-k (1691) garrantzia literario handia izan zuen eta XVII. mende bukaerako espainiar kulturaren eta ohituren isla omen da. Madame d'Aulnoyren xedea ez da espainiar kultura kritikatzea ezta frantziar kulturari espainiarrari baino garrantzia handiagoa ematea ere. Aitzitik, Beste Espainiaren kultura eta ohiturak zeintzuk diren ikusita, bere burua emakume frantses bezala deskribatzen du. Artikulu honetan aztertuko da Madame d'Aulnoy idazle frantsesak emakume espainiarrak deskribatzeko modua, baita bidaien literatura klasikoan ohikoak diren aurreiritziek eta ezaugarriek bere deskribapenetan duten eragina ere.
[en] In this study I examine a translation of the oral Ant Songs from 'Akimel 'O'odham (Pima) to English, emphasizing the way obstacles to translation transfigure how they are rendered as literary works. An analysis of their performance, language, cultural codes, and orality illuminate a highly ambiguous territory. The study of this and other translations of orature, including the difficulties they give rise to, can enrich our understanding of literature as well as translation.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, ahoz aho transmititutako Inurrien Abestiak 'Akimel 'O'odham (Pima) hizkuntzatik ingelesera nola itzuli diren aztertuko dut eta ahalegin berezia egingo dut itzulpenean sortzen diren oztopoek abestien literatura-lan izaeran duten eragina azaltzen. Abesti hauen antzezpen, hizkuntza, kultura-kode eta ahozkotasunaren azterketak eremu benetan anbiguo bat argituko digu. Hala ahozkotasunaren adibide honen zein beste batzuen itzulpenak, bai eta itzulpen horietan zehar sortzen diren zailtasunak, oso baliagarriak suerta daitezke bai literatura eta bai itzulpengintza ulertzeko dugun modua aberasteko.
[en] This paper will observe how the work of Irish author Marian Keyes is influenced by, and representative of, the place of women in Ireland in terms of historical issues, social values, and legal issues. It will discuss two primary areas that have affected women in Irish society: the family and the female body. In addressing how such issues were traditionally viewed in Irish society, this paper will demonstrate how Keyes' novels present an awareness –a memory– of how Irish women's lives were once repressed by patriarchal values, and how contemporary women still, to some extent, feel the effects –the restraints– of such attitudes.

[eu] Artikulu honek Irlandan emakumeen tokiak zenbaterainoko eragina izan duen Marian Keyes idazle irlandarraren lanean aztertuko du eta zenbateraino den haren ordezkari, auzi historiko, giza-balore eta legezko kontuetan. Bada, irlandar gizartean emakumeak eragin dituen bi arlo nagusi aztertuko ditu: familia eta emakumearen gorputza. Kontu hauek guztiak irlandar gizartean tradizioz nola bideratu ohi ziren aztertzerakoan, artikulu honek azaleratuko digu nola Keyes-en eleberriek kontzientzia bat erakusten duten -memoria bat-, behinola irlandar emakumeen bizitza balore patriarkalek itotzen zutenekoa, eta nola egungo emakumeak oraindik orain ere, nolerebait, jokamolde haien ondorenak -hesiak- pairatzen ari diren.
[en] The rhetoric of enthusiasm is a recurring subject in Friedrich Hölderlin's work. His dramatic project Der Tod des Empedokles(1797-1801), clearly dramatizes the excesses associated to this rhetoric, both from an individual and collective point of view. Its most dreadful connotations were associated with discussions about the consequences of enthusiasm as moral experience in the context of protestantism and enlightenment of the time. As a result of this conflicting moral statute, the language of enthusiasm will become the constitutive center for the competing versions on the tragic conflict of its main character. In this article we will focus on the two first drafts of the work to analyze the way in which the rhetoric of enthusiasm originates the crisis in the city of Agrigento.

[eu] Erretorika sutsuaren arazoa Friedrich Hölderlinen lanean asko errepikatzen den gaia da. Der Tod des Empedokles (1797-1799) antzerki proiektuan erretorika honen gehiegikeria modu argian antzeztuta azaltzen zaigu, bai gizabanakoaren ikuspuntutik bai taldearenetik. Haren konnotazio ilunenak esperientzia sutsuaren estatutu moralari buruzko eztabaidei lotuta zeuden, garai hartako kultura protestante eta ilustratuaren testuinguruan. Estatutu moral arazotsu horretatik abiatuta, hizkera sutsua ardatz nagusia bilakatuko da eta haren arabera garatuko dira protagonistak pairatuko duen patu tragikoaren bertsio desberdinak. Jarraian, lan honen lehenengo bi zirriborroak aztertuko ditugu, hizkuntza sutsuak Argrigento hirian gatazka nola pizten duen ikusteko.
[en] The present contribution seeks to examine the topic of "national identity and literature" by focusing on how a collective – family or nation – is constituted by a number of "power relations." These "power relations", in turn, are produced, or created by the collective as a whole and could be said to represent the frontiers of the group at any given time. When these considerations are brought into a work of fiction, it becomes clearer that the relations in question are of a discursive nature. Discourse is power and, as such, disciplinary of both of the collective as well as of each individual within the group. As an example of this kind of discourse, the analysis focuses on the novel, O meu nome é Legião, by Portuguese author, António Lobo Antunes.

[eu] Artikulu honen helburua "identitate nazionala eta literatura" gaia aztertzea da, kolektiboa (familia edo nazioa) "botere erlazio" batzuen arabera osatuta dagoela abiapuntutzat hartuz. "Botere erlazio" hauek, ondoz ondo, kolektiboak berak eragin edo sortu egiten ditu eta taldearen mugak adierazten dituela esan dezakegu, unea edozein izanda ere. Azterketa hauek fikziozko lan batera eramaten direnean, argiago ikus dezakegu erlazio hauek izaera diskurtsiboa dutela. Diskurtsoa boterea da eta, horrela izanik, diziplinazkoa da kolektiborako zein taldeko gizabanako bakoitzarentzat. Azterketa António Lobo Antunes idazle portugaldarraren O meu nome é Legião eleberrian oinarritzen da, liburua diskurtso-mota honen eredutzat hartuz.
[en] Starting with the experimental poetry of the past few decades, this work defends the impossibility of drawing a clear line between literary continuity and rupture. Due to the diverse experiences of subalternisation that it has faced, Catalan culture has both celebrated the concept of continuity and associated rupture with extinction. The article examines this approach in the belief that cultural transmission can also be built from discontinuity, interruption and counter-discourse. The justification of this hypothesis will be based on the study of uses and readings of Gabriel Ferrater's poetry by authors such as Carles Hac Mor, Vicenç Altaió and Víctor Sunyol, and on the study of the semiotic dimension of illegibility in the texts of Miquel Bach and other poets.

[eu] Lan honetan, literaturaren jarraitasunaren eta hausturaren arteko banaketa argia zehazteko ezintasuna defendatzen da, azken hamarkadetako olerkigintza esperimentala oinarri. Pairatu dituen mendekotasun-esperientziak direla-eta, kultura katalanak jarraitasunaren kontzeptua goretsi du, eta haustura desagerpenarekin lotu du. Artikulu honetan, planteamendu hori dudan jarri da, kultura-transmisioa jarraitasun ezan, etenetan eta kontra-idazketan funtsatuta ere eraiki daitekeela oinarrituta. Hipotesi hori Carles Hac Mor, Vicenç Altaió eta Víctor Sunyolek Gabriel Ferrateren olerkiak erabili eta ulertzeko moduen ikerketarekin, eta Miquel Bach eta beste zenbait olerkigileren testuetako irakurtezintasunaren dimentsio semiotikoaren azterketarekin justifikatu da.
[en] Eureka (1848) has been taken at face value as an expanded version of a lecture on cosmology that Poe gave earlier the same year. However, its seriousness as a work of science should be questioned. Its treatment of themes found in other works by Poe shows the author's unconcern for consistency, and the text unlikely to have resulted from a serious engagement with scientific argument. Instead it should be approached as a hoax: an attempt to reveal the gullibility of its readers. Poe's hoaxes relied for their effect on the trust created in readers by their recognition of generic conventions, and Eureka exploited and ridiculed public trust in cosmological lecturers such as John Bovee Dods.

[eu] Eureka 1848ko otsailean Poek kosmologiari buruz eman zuen ikastaro baten bertsio luzatutzat onartua izan da. Hala ere, obra testu zientifikoa ote den ez dago hain garbi. Poeren beste obra batzuetan ikusi da gaiak lantzerakoan ez zuela koherentziarekiko arretarik jartzen; ondorioz Eureka ezin da hartu pentsamendu zientifikoaren emaitza gisa. Iruzurra bat dela pentsatu behar da: irakurleen sinesgarritasuna salatzeko saiakera bat. Irakurleei konbentzio orokorrak aurkitzeak eragiten dien sinesgarritasunean datza, hain zuzen, Poeren txantxa. Eurekak John Bovee Dods bezalako irakurleen konfiantza erabili eta irrigarri utzi zuen ikuskera kosmologikoa ematen zela uste izan zutelako.
[en] The present article attempts to read the itinerary suggested by Ricoeur, which starts with the appearance of the text, and finishes with its interpretation as evidence of the narrative structure of human experience. Having done this, we propose to demonstrate that the literary work does not represent an event isolated from reality, but its hermeneutic moment, i.e. a way to think about and catalyze experiences that give way to certain existential courses. In the second place, together with Ricoeur, we attempt to read the influence of Linguistics and Hermeneutics on 20th century literary thought, and the recovery of Aristotle's Poetics carried out by both schools.

[eu] Saiakera honetan Ricourrek proposatzen duen ibilbidea interpretatzen saiatuko gara, testua sortzen denetik, gizakiaren esperientziaren ebidentzia den egitura narratiboko intepretazioa egin arte. Horrekin frogatu nahi duguna zera da: lan literarioa ez dela errealitateko gertakari isolatu bat, baizik eta errealitate honen momentu hermeneutikoa. Hau da, existentzialismoa sortzeko beharrezkoak diren esperientziak planteatzeko eta azaltzeko modua. Horretaz gain, eta Ricoeurren eskutik, XX. mendean hizkuntzalaritza eta hermeneutikak literaturan izan duten eragina interpretatzen saiatuko gara, eta ildo horri helduz, bi eskola horiek Aristotelesen Poetika-ri egin dizkioten ekarpenak.
[en] This paper proposes a comparative reading between Crónica, one of the first books by Joan Margarit, published in 1975, and the re-writing of the same work presented in the later anthology El primer frío, from 2004. The time span of more than twenty years from one book to the other shows a significant poetic shift in his work. The title of this paper, From Barcelona to l'Illa del Tresor, draws on the symbolic trip that leads to that evolution, which shifts from a more empirical poetry to the search of a broader, more impersonal experience.

[eu] Artikulu honen xedea Joan Margariten Crónica liburuaren (1975ean argitaratua eta idazlearen lehendabiziko lanetakoa) eta El primer frío antologiaren (2004an argitaratua eta aurrekoaren berridazketa) arteko irakurketa konparatua proposatzea da. Bi liburuen artean igaro diren hogei urteetan idazlearen poetika aldatu egin da, artikulu honi izena ematen dion bidaia sinbolikoak argi uzten digun bezala: De Barcelona a l'Illa del Tresor bilakaera horren lekukoa da, esperientziaren poesiatik bizipen despertsonalizatu eta zabalagoa topatzeko bilakaeraren lekukoa, hain zuzen ere.
[en] Periférica Blvd. by Adolfo Cardenas stands out as one of the works that best represents the detective novel genre in Bolivia. Its prolific nature is related to its intelligent use of parody―described by Linda Hutcheon as "repetition with critical [ironic] distance" (1985: 37)―, humor, a baroque writing style, a palimpsest of roles, the reconstructed peripheral speech of its characters, and one of the most suggestive representations of the city of La Paz. All of these features defy what is normally expected from this genre, and position the work as one of the best (if not the best) Bolivian novels written in the last thirty years.

[eu] Boliviako polizia-literaturaren barruan, Adolfo Cárdenasen Periférica Blvd. (Periférica Bulebarra) eleberria da generoa hoberen ordezkatzen duen lana, ez soilik parodia ―Linda Hutcheonek "imitación con diferencia crítica" (1985: 37) gisa ulertu zuena― umorea, barroko estiloa eta rolen palimpsestoa maisuki erabiltzen dituelako, eleberriaren pertsonaien hizkera periferikoak birsortzeko gai delako eta La Paz hiriaren bertsio iradokigarriena eskaintzen duelako, baizik eta polizia-eleberrien generotik espero dena baino gehiago ematen duelako ere; hala, azken urteetan Bolivian idatzi diren eleberri onenetarikoa (ez bada onena) dela esan daiteke.