[en] Cisplatin and carboplatin are very used drugs for the treatment of solid tumours. However, their efficacy is limited by their nephrotoxicity. It is known that 25-30% of the patients that have been exposed to these treatments will end up developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Nowadays, for the clinical diagnosis of AKI some biomarkers are used, such as plasma creatinine and urea, which are not very sensitive and specific. The aim of this work is focused on searching some urinary biomarkers able to predict the occurrence of a possible kidney damage even before starting the treatment, being able to classify the patients according to their severity, to predict the evolution of kidney function and to carry out a more adapted treatment for every patient. A clinical study was carried out with voluntary patients from the Oncology Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca. The studied biomarkers were proteinuria, N-acetil--?-glucosamidinase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and albumin. The quantification of these proteins in urine was performed by colorimetric methods and ELISA. It was evidenced that the levels of the biomarkers in the basal time and in the one before the maximum kidney damage are practically the same, what indicates that these levels do not vary during the chemotherapy cycle. Moreover, they could indicate, before starting the treatment, that kidney damage is going to happen. These biomarkers would be a great advantage in determining, before undergoing the first chemotherapy cycle, whether a patient will suffer kidney complications.

[es] Cisplatino y carboplatino son dos f?rmacos muy usados en el tratamiento de tumores s?lidos. Sin embargo, su eficacia est? limitada por su nefrotoxicidad. Se ha demostrado que un 25-30% de los pacientes tratados con estos f?rmacos ha acabado desarrollando un da?o renal agudo (DRA). En la actualidad, el diagn?stico del DRA se lleva a cabo mediante el uso de biomarcadores tales como creatinina plasm?tica y urea, pero resultan poco sensibles y espec?ficos. El objetivo de este trabajo se centra en la b?squeda de biomarcadores urinarios capaces de predecir la aparici?n de un fallo renal, antes incluso de comenzar dicho tratamiento, siendo capaces de clasificar a los pacientes de acuerdo con su sensibilidad, predecir la evoluci?n de su funci?n renal y llevar a cabo un tratamiento m?s adaptado a cada paciente. Un estudio cl?nico fue llevado a cabo con pacientes voluntarios del Servicio de Oncolog?a del Hospital Universitario de Salamanca. Los biomarcadores estudiados fueron proteinuria, N-acetil--?-glucosaminidasa (NAG), Lipocalina asociada a la gelatinada de neutr?filos (NGAL) y alb?mina. Para la cuantificaci?n de estos biomarcadores se utilizaron t?cnicas colorim?tricas y la t?cnica ELISA. Los resultaron mostraron que los niveles de los biomarcadores en el grupo Casos son significativamente superiores a los del grupo Control, tanto en el momento anterior al m?ximo da?o renal, como en el momento basal, lo que nos permitir?a saber cu?les son los pacientes que tendr?an m?s probabilidad de sufrir un da?o renal antes de iniciar el tratamiento. Dichos marcadores ser?an un gran avance en el tratamiento quimioter?pico, ya que nos permitir?an un tratamiento m?s preventivo y personalizado de cada paciente.