[ca] En la present tesi busco identificar el paper i impacte de la diàspora i el retorn a l'Wallmapu a les identitats culturals i de gènere, específicament, en dones Maputxe de Xile. La meva aproximació a aquest estudi ha estat des dels feminismes indígenes; feminismes interseccionals; i, les lluites anti racistes, anti capitalistes i anti patriarcals. Des d'aquestes perspectives, la recerca que he emprès persegueix respondre a la pregunta ¿Quin paper han jugat i de quina forma s'han impactat els processos identitaris maputxe i de gènere, en les dones en la diàspora i el retorn a l'Wallmapu a Xile? Per donar resposta a aquesta pregunta, així com a altres que em van anar sorgint al llarg del procés d'investigació, va presentar un marc teòric centrat en els estudis de gènere, els feminismes negres, els feminismes dels pobles originaris i, a manera de pregunta ¿el feminisme Mapuche? Així també, presento revisions teòriques en relació a l'colonialisme i el multiculturalisme neoliberal que existeix a Xile, considerant les seves implicacions contemporànies. Per situar el meu problema d'estudi, he fet una revisió bibliogràfica específica sobre la diàspora en diferents contextos internacionals. Particularment, m'he situat en aquells que s'han focalitzat en persones pertanyents a pobles originaris i afrodescendents. Per finalitzar el marc teòric, i des d'una perspectiva de gènere, va presentar les troballes dels estudis abans esmentats. Seguidament, em focalitzo en la diàspora de les dones Maputxe. Totes les revisions teòriques, m'han permès delimitar una posició crítica sobre la situació de dones maputxe en la diàspora, grup de dones de què sóc part. Així, com a dona maputxe, he recorregut a la meva pròpia experiència i formació per tal de contemplar elements metodològics descolonitzats i descolonitzadors.

[en] In the herein thesis I tried to identify the function and the impact of the diaspora and the return to the Wallmapu of cultural and gender entities, mainly to Mapuche women of Chile. My approach to this study has been from indigenous feminism, intersectional feminisms and anti-racist, anti-capitalist, and anti-patriarchal struggles. From these perspectives, I seek to answer the question of which role have Mapuche and gender identity processes played, and how have they impacted women in the diaspora and return to the Wallmapu in Chile? to answer this question, as well as others that have arisen in this process, I introduce a theoretical framework focused on gender studies, black feminisms, indigenous feminisms, and, by way of a question, Mapuche feminism? I also introduce theoretical reviews related to colonialism and the neoliberal multiculturalism that exists in Chile, considering its contemporary implications. To situate my research problem, I have done a specific bibliographic review about the different international contexts of the diaspora. In particular, I gave special attention to the ones that belong to native people and people of African descent. To conclude this theoretical framework and from a gender perspective, I introduce the findings of the above-mentioned studies. Next, I focus on the diaspora of Mapuche women. All the theoretical reviews have allowed me to define a critical position on the situation of Mapuche women in the diaspora, a group of women of which I belong. Thus, as a Mapuche woman, I have resorted to my own experience and training to contemplate decolonized and decolonizing methodological elements. This research is situated in an interpretative paradigm with a qualitative approach. This way, and from an analytic and political point of view, I have performed an ethnographic research that encompasses the regions of Biobío; La Araucanía; Los Ríos; and Metropolitana. There were 35 female protagonists in total whom lived in the diaspora or have returned to the Wallmapu. The methodological strategy includes participant observation, in-depth interviews, and discussion groups. Thus, I have interviewed 23 women and, I have carried out four discussion groups with 14 women (two of them are part of the group of interviewed) in the regions of Biobío; La Araucanía; Los Ríos; and Metropolitana. I have arranged the findings into three major categories: 1) wunolepayan may?; 2) female Mapuche micro-diaspora; and, 3) to create and recreate resistance from our Mapuche Kimün. Thanks to these categories I can comprehend the gender inequalities that my ñañas have to face in and out of our people and, as a dialectical point of view, the heartbreaks and resistances have been the places to create their forms to confront classism, patriarchy, and colonialism.