[en] Research on disinformation concentrates a growing interest in the design of deepfakes and the possible political, economic and social implications of their viral dissemination on social networks. However, as much or more worrying are the cheapfakes: the hoaxes created by the users themselves through the native features of their mobile devices, the rude manipulation of pre-existing files or the simple addition of text that alters the original meaning of the shared messages. The objective of this research is to analyze the degree of technological complexity of the disinformation that circulated in Argentina during 2020 throughout social networks, as well as the role that the text played in its creation. For this, a content analysis is applied to a corpus made up of the 201 denials referring to the disinformative material that was released during that year by the fact-checking platform Chequeado, the only one accredited by the International Fact-Checking Network in the country. With the results we propose a curve of technical complexity of disinformation that shows the absolute predominance of hoaxes associated with very low, low or medium digital skills. This proves that cheapfakes are much more popular on social media than those desinformative content created professionally or through artificial intelligence. In addition, it is found that falsehoods are essentially created through captions or the insertion of text in the images, whose main function is to disinform about events or specific facts through the dissemination of wrong data or the omission of other true ones.

[es] La investigaci&oacute;n sobre desinformaci&oacute;n registra un inter&eacute;s creciente por la creaci&oacute;n de deepfakes y por el posible impacto pol&iacute;tico, econ&oacute;mico y social de su difusi&oacute;n viral en redes sociales. Sin embargo, tanto o m&aacute;s preocupantes son las cheapfakes, bulos creados por los propios usuarios a trav&eacute;s de las prestaciones nativas de sus dispositivos m&oacute;viles, de la manipulaci&oacute;n tosca de archivos preexistentes o del simple a&ntilde;adido de texto que altere el sentido original de los mensajes compartidos. El objetivo de esta investigaci&oacute;n es analizar el grado de complejidad tecnol&oacute;gica de las desinformaciones que circularon en Argentina durante 2020 a trav&eacute;s de las redes sociales, as&iacute; como la funci&oacute;n que el texto desempe&ntilde;&oacute; en su creaci&oacute;n. Para ello, se aplica un an&aacute;lisis de contenido a un corpus compuesto por los 201 desmentidos que fueron publicados durante dicho a&ntilde;o por el medio verificador Chequeado, &uacute;nico del pa&iacute;s acreditado por la International Fact-Checking Network. Con los resultados obtenidos se propone una curva de complejidad t&eacute;cnica de la desinformaci&oacute;n que muestra el absoluto predominio de los contenidos problem&aacute;ticos asociados a habilidades digitales muy bajas, bajas o medias, y, por tanto, de las cheapfakes sobre las desinformaciones creadas de manera profesional o mediante inteligencia artificial. Adem&aacute;s, se constata que las falsedades son construidas fundamentalmente mediante el acompa&ntilde;amiento o la inserci&oacute;n de texto, que tiene como principal funci&oacute;n desinformar sobre el transcurso de acontecimientos o hechos concretos mediante la difusi&oacute;n de datos err&oacute;neos o la omisi&oacute;n de otros verdaderos.