[en] Objetive. The aim of this final dissertation is to conduct a review of the literature in order to assess the efficacy of strength training on the main clinical variables of patients with non-specific neck pain. Methods. The Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and PEDro databases were searched during March 2020. Randomized clinical trials published in the last 10 years on English and Spanish language were selected, whose intervention on patients with nonspecific neck pain was based on strength training of the cervical and/or scapular region. The methodological quality was evaluated using the PEDro scale and the evidence level and recomendation degree using Oxford-CEBM scale. Outcomes. Seventeen randomized clinical trials (mostly used control groups) met the inclusion criteria and were selected for the review. All the included studies analyzed pain variable and 15 of them achieved statistically or clinically significant reductions. Other variables such as disability, strength or pressure pain threshold were also analyzed, achieving in most cases improvements after the intervention. The characteristics of the interventions showed a great heterogeneity, although the volume of training seems to be determinant in the results, influencing negatively when it exceeded the 45 weekly sets. Conclusions. The intervention through strength training was shown to be effective in improving the clinical variables of patients with non-specific neck pain. The magnitude of such improvement was variable depending on the different interventions. Those interventions with a volume of between 9 and 45 weekly sets at high intensities (<70% of 1RM), lasting between 6 and 20 weeks, seemed to be optimal. Dedicating 1 hour per week seems sufficient to achieve improvements in the variables analyzed. The improvements obtained were maintained up to 6 months after the intervention and up to 2 years later if the patients continue to perform strength training regularly.

[gl] Obxectivo. O obxectivo deste traballo é realizar unha revisión da literatura coa finalidade de avaliar a eficacia do adestramento de forza sobre as principais variables clínicas dos pacientes con dor cervical inespecífica. Material e método. Realizouse unha búsqueda nas bases de datos Cochrane Library Plus, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science y PEDro durante o mes de marzo de 2020. Seleccionáronse aqueles ensaios clínicos aleatorizados publicados nos derredeiros 10 anos en castelán e inglés, cuxa intervención estivera baseada no adestramento de forza da rexión cervical e/ou escapular. Avaliouse a calidade metodolóxica a través da escala PEDro así como o nivel de evidencia e o grao de recomendación empregando a escala Oxford-CEBM. Resultados. Seleccionáronse 17 ensaios clínicos aleatorizados que cumpriron cos criterios de selección, na súa maioría empregando grupos control. Tódolos estudos incluidos analizaron a variable dor e 15 deles conseguiron reduccións estatistica ou clinicamente significativas nesta variable. Analizáronse tamén outras variables como a discapacidade, forza, ou umbral de dor á presión, conseguindo na maioría dos casos melloras despois da intervención. As características das intervencións amosaron unha gran heteroxeneidade, aínda que o volume de adestramento parece amosarse determinante nos resultados, influindo negativamente nestes cando excedeu as 45 series semanais. Conclusións. A intervención a través do adestramento de forza amosouse eficaz na mellora das variables clínicas dos pacientes con dor cervical inespecífica. A magnitude de dita mellora foi variable dependendo das diferentes intervencións, parecendo óptimas aquelas intervencións cun volume de entre 9 e 45 series semanais a intensidades altas (<70% de 1RM), e cunha duración de entre 6 e 20 semanas. Adicar 1 hora semanal parece suficiente para acadar melloras nas variables analizadas. As melloras obtidas mantivéronse ata 6 meses despois da intervención e ata 2 anos se os pacientes continuaban adestrando forza de maneira regular.