[en] Nothing more usual than to find Spanish refugees of 1939 in the French Resistance as they continued their fight against fascism. Therefore, hundreds of Spaniards where caught in the nets of the Vichy Government and the Gestapo. They are imprisoned in the French jails (Toulouse, Montluc, Fresnes, Compiègne, etc.) alongside the French Resistant women. Both will be piled up in wagons to the camps of the Third Reich. Many ended at the women's camp in Ravensbrück. Usually, the Spaniards were labelled "F", "French", because they were arrested in France. This "F" was part of the "red triangle" of the "political prisoners". Some were even classified NN (Nacht und Nebel), i.e. called to disappear without a trace. As they were recognized by nobody (neither the French nor the Spaniards), this means: no mail, no parcels. They held on for life thanks to the links they forged randomly across blocks, satellite camps, languages, affinities... However, many died. For some of them, the release arrived in April 1944, thanks to "neutral" countries initiatives: in fact, a few Spanish women were able to slip into the Red Cross convoys transiting through Switzerland, which were initially reserved for French women. Others returned by Sweden. Others, finally, faced the apocalyptic evacuation of the camps of 1945 and the "marches of death". We propose to study "the return to life" helps through some cases – obviously return to France since there could be no possible repatriation for these Spanish anti-fascist survivors, as the victory of the Allies did not affect General Franco's power. After returning to France, this help continued for two or three years, in particular thanks to convalescent stays in Switzerland, Sweden and somewhere else, and thanks to one-off material contributions from the Swiss Grant ("Don suisse") or from various organizations.

[es] Que se hallen refugiadas de 1939 en la Resistencia francesa, nada más natural: prosiguen su lucha contra el fascismo. Se cuentan por centenas las españolas atrapadas en las redadas "vichystas" y "gestapistas". Las encarcelan con las resistentes francesas en las cárceles de Francia (Toulouse, Montluc, Fresnes, Compiègne, etc.), las hacinan en vagones destinados a los campos del III Reich. Muchas van a parar al campo de mujeres de Ravensbrück. Las españolas son catalogadas "F", "francesas", por haber sido detenidas en Francia. Esa "F" se inscribe en el "triángulo rojo" de las "políticas". A algunas las clasifican "NN" (Nacht und Nebel), es decir llamadas a desaparecer sin dejar rastro. No ser reconocidas ni por el Estado francés, ni por el Estado español, eso significa: ni cartas, ni paquetes. Lo que les permitió resistir fueron los lazos que (se) tejieron al azar de los bloques, de los campos satélites, de los idiomas, de las afinidades… Pero muchas murieron. Para algunas la liberación llegó en abril de 1945, gracias a iniciativas de países neutrales. Unas cuantas pudieron deslizarse en los convoyes de la Cruz Roja reservados a las francesas que transitaron por Suiza. Otras volvieron por Suecia. Otras, por fin, sufrieron la evacuación apocalíptica de los campos de 1945 y las "marchas de la muerte". Se estudiarán las ayudas al "retorno a la vida" a través de algunos casos –retorno a Francia ya que era imposible repatriar a España a esas supervivientes antifascistas, la victoria de los Aliados no habiendo afectado en nada el poder del general Franco. Aquellas ayudas se prologaron después de la liberación durante dos o tres años, en particular mediante estancias de convalecencia en Suiza y en Suecia, y aportes (materiales) procedentes del "Don Suisse" o de otros organismos.