[en] INTRODUCTION : Alzheimer 's disease ( AD) and vascular dementia (VD ) , the two most common causes of dementia, represent a major health problem . The onset of dementia may be determined by genetic and environmental factors. EA and DV share pathogenic mechanisms such as endothelial dysfunction and cell death . Single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) of genes encoding vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF-A ) and its receptor ( VEGFR-2) , endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS ) or the tumor suppressor protein ( Tp53 ) might regulate the risk of these dementias. OBJECTIVES : Analyze the relationship of SNPs - 460C > T and - 2578A > C of VEGFA gene, - 604A > G of the VEGFR2 gene +894 G > T of the eNOS gene and the Tp53 Arg72Pro gene as well as sociodemographic and clinical risk factors DV develop ( and its subtypes ) and EA . PATIENTS AND CONTROLS: We conducted a case-control study which included 150 patients with DV ( DV 74 cortical and subcortical DV 76 ) , 147 patients with AD and 150 controls over 70 years that there was no evidence of clinical or psychometric cognitive impairment. Clinical data and blood samples were collected . Genotyping was accomplished by DNA digestion with restriction nucleases (PCR -RFLP ) and PCR with Taqman probes ( qRT- PCR ) . RESULTS : The population included in our study , allele - 460C - 2578A and the VEGFA gene (OR : 0.625 , P = 0.042 ) and +894 G allele of the eNOS gene ( OR: 0.606 , P = 0.037 ) were associated with lower risk of EA in over 80 years. The - 604A allele of the VEGFR2 gene ( OR: 0.555 , P = 0.004 ) was associated with a lower risk of subcortical DV . The Pro72 allele of Tp53 gene (OR : 0.500 , P = 0.001 ) was associated with a lower risk of AD and the Arg72 allele (OR : 1.768 , P = 0.026 ) was associated with an increased risk of cortical DV . A low level of education has a significant influence on the development of dementia in general , and vascular risk factors in the development of DV in particular. CONCLUSIONS : The results of our study suggest that polymorphisms associated with endothelial function and cell death may vary, at least in part , the susceptibility to the risk of dementia.

[es] INTRODUCCI?N: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) y la demencia vascular (DV), las dos causas m?s frecuentes de demencia, representan un importante problema sociosanitario. La aparici?n de demencia puede estar determinada por factores gen?ticos y ambientales. EA y DV comparten mecanismos patog?nicos como la disfunci?n endotelial y la muerte celular. Polimorfismos de un solo nucle?tido (SNPs) de genes que codifican el factor de crecimiento endotelial vascular (VEGFA) y su receptor (VEGFR-2), la sintasa endotelial del ?xido n?trico (eNOS) o la prote?na supresora tumoral (Tp53) podr?an modular el riesgo de padecer estas demencias. OBJETIVOS: Analizar la relaci?n de los SNPs -460C>T y -2578A>C del gen VEGFA, -604A>G del gen VEGFR2, +894G>T del gen eNOS y Arg72Pro del gen Tp53, as? como de factores sociodemogr?ficos y cl?nicos con el riesgo de desarrollar DV (y sus subtipos) y EA. PACIENTES Y CONTROLES: Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles en el que se incluy? a 150 pacientes con DV (74 con DV cortical y 76 con DV subcortical), 147 pacientes con EA y 150 controles mayores de 70 a?os en los que no exist?a evidencia cl?nica ni psicom?trica de deterioro cognitivo. Se recogieron datos cl?nicos y muestras de sangre. El genotipado del ADN se realiz? mediante digesti?n con nucleasas de restricci?n (PCR-RFLP) y PCR con sondas Taqman (qRT-PCR). RESULTADOS: En la poblaci?n incluida en nuestro estudio, los alelos -460C y -2578A del gen VEGFA (OR:0.625; p=0.042) y el alelo +894G del gen eNOS (OR:0.606; p=0.037) se asociaron a menor riesgo de EA en mayores de 80 a?os. El alelo -604A del gen VEGFR2 (OR:0.555; p=0.004) se asoci? a un menor riesgo de DV subcortical. El alelo Pro72 del gen Tp53 (OR:0.500; p=0.001) se asoci? a un menor riesgo de EA y el alelo Arg72 (OR:1.768; p=0.026) se asoci? a un mayor riesgo de DV cortical. Un bajo nivel educativo influye de forma significativa en el desarrollo de demencia en general; y los factores de riesgo vascular, en el desarrollo de DV en particular. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados de nuestro trabajo sugieren que los polimorfismos relacionados con la funci?n endotelial y la muerte celular pueden variar, al menos en parte, la susceptibilidad al riesgo de padecer demencia.