[en] Throughout the 18th century - the century in which the Royal Colleges of Surgery were created and when pharmacy achieved its definitive independence from medicine - various texts were published in Spain, the purpose of which was clearly teaching or instructive, aimed at people who aspired to to perform various tasks in the health field: surgeons, midwives, apothecaries, etc. Both in the case of surgeons and apothecaries, such texts included the theoretical knowledge that those people who aspired to pass the exam that would entitle them to legally carry out the profession in a large part of the territory should possess. These exams, which had to be taken before the Protomedicato, consisted of a theoretical and a practical part. The latter was acquired by apprentices working for several years alongside a surgeon or apothecary. As for the theoretical, it was necessary to know the most relevant works related to the profession, which for them entailed a certain difficulty, both because of the complexity of many of the concepts that such works contained and because of the linguistic problem that they could pose, particularly when Those works were written in Latin. In order to make their task easier, some authors decided to prepare simple books, for which there was already some precedent in the 17th century, such as the M?dula de Cirug?a y Examinaci?n de Surgeons by Manuel de Porras, published in 1691, which received ten subsequent editions or the Apothecary Exam by Esteban de Villa, appeared in 1632, with a second printing in 1698. Simple works, as we say, that usually following the question and answer scheme - to promote rote learning - presented the necessary knowledge to pass the exam . Among these that were composed during the illustrated century are the Illustrated Porras and examination booklet for Latin and Romance surgeons by Ambrosio de Almunia, which was published in 1732 with another edition the following year or the Pharmaceutic, Galenic-Chemical Exam by Francisco Brihuega, published in Madrid in 1761, with two subsequent editions. These two are the ones that interest us here because they house the lexicographic materials with which we deal.

[es] A lo largo del siglo XVIII ?siglo en el que se crean los Reales Colegios de Cirug?a y cuando la farmacia consigue su independencia definitiva de la medicina? se publicaron en Espa?a diversos textos, cuya finalidad era claramente docente o instructiva, destinados a personas que aspiraban a desempe?ar cometidos diversos en el ?mbito sanitario: cirujanos, comadronas, boticarios, etc. Tanto en el caso de los cirujanos como en el de los boticarios tales textos recog?an los conocimientos te?ricos que deb?an poseer aquellas personas que aspiraban a superar el examen que les facultar?a para desempe?ar legalmente la profesi?n en buena parte del territorio. Esos ex?menes, que deb?an rendirse ante el Protomedicato, constaban de una parte te?rica y una pr?ctica. Esta ?ltima la adquir?an los aprendices trabajando durante varios a?os al lado de un cirujano o un boticario. En cuanto a la te?rica, hab?a que conocer las obras m?s relevantes relacionadas con la profesi?n, lo que para ellos entra?aba cierta dificultad, tanto por la complejidad de muchos de los conceptos que tales obras allegaban como por el problema ling??stico que pod?an suponer, particularmente cuando esas obras estaban redactadas en lat?n. Con el fin de facilitarles la tarea algunos autores decidieron elaborar libros sencillos, de los que ya hab?a alg?n precedente en el siglo XVII, como la M?dula de Cirug?a y examen de cirujanos de Manuel de Porras, publicada en 1691, que consigui? diez ediciones posteriores o el Examen de Boticarios de Esteban de Villa, aparecido en 1632, con una segunda impresi?n en 1698. Obras sencillas, como decimos, que siguiendo habitualmente el esquema de preguntas y respuestas ?para favorecer el aprendizaje memor?stico? presentaban los conocimientos necesarios para aprobar el examen. Entre estas que se componen durante el siglo ilustrado se encuentran el Porras ilustrado y cartilla de examen para cirujanos latinos y romancistas de Ambrosio de Almunia, que vio la luz en 1732 con otra edici?n al a?o siguiente o el Examen Pharmaceutico, Gal?nico-Ch?mico de Francisco Brihuega, publicada en Madrid en 1761, con dos ediciones posteriores. Estas dos son las que nos interesan aqu? por albergar los materiales lexicogr?ficos de que nosotros nos ocupamos.