BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Abstract: in this work a problem is modeled mathematically and it is solved using mathematical software. Concretely, the problem of garbage pickup route planning is tackled, as it can be modeled mathematically and solved computationally using different strategies. We define the problem, we solve it using a genetic algorithm and the efficiency of the algorithm has been measured. To do so, the first step is to apply both brute force and genetic algorithm to the short dimension matrix. When the efficiency of the genetic algorithm is proven, the method is applied on another matrix with greater dimension, trying to get an optimum result for the route.

[eu] Labaurpena: lan honetan problema baten eredu matematikoa sortu da eta konputazio teknikak erabilita ebatzi da. Zehazki, Sopelako hondakinen bilketa egiteko jarraitzen diren ibilbideak aztertu dira eta horietako batzuen optimizazioa ikertu da. Problema definitu ondoren algoritmo genetikoa erabilita ebatzi da algoritmoaren eraginkortasuna neurtuz. Horretarako, lehenik eta behin, dimentsio txikiko matrizearekin algoritmo genetikoa eta indar basatian oinarritutako kalkuluak egin dira. Emaitzei esker algoritmo genetikoaren eraginkortasuna egiaztatuta dagoenean, dimentsio handiagoko matrizean algoritmo genetikoa aplikatu da, honen ibilbide optimoaren lortzen saiatuz.
[en] The regional communication of assets is the matrimonial economic regime typical of the Tierra Llana of Bizkaia, Llodio and Aramaio, which is distinguished by the creation of a universal community of assets over all the assets of the spouses and by its dissolutive alternation (consolidation/non- consolidation). It is regulated in the current Law 5/2015 of Basque Civil Law and applies to spouses who agree to it as the main matrimonial property regime and to those who, due to not agreeing on marriage settlements, have the Basque civil neighborhood registered, provided that the legal requirements are met. Depending on the form of dissolution of the regime, the liquidation of the marriage must be treated as a community of property (unconsolidated form) or as a community of property between the surviving spouse and the common descendants of the marriage (consolidated form). Within each of these assumptions, the tax analysis involves taking into account the possibility of excess adjudication when distributing marital assets between the spouses or between the surviving spouse and common descendants. Thus, the indivisibility of the assets to be treated and the possibility of not detracting from them must be taken into account, distributing, to each party, the proportional share that it deserves on the community, allocating, to one, the entire asset and paying , to the other, the proportional part in money.

[eu] Ondasunen foru-komunikazioa Bizkaiko Lur Lauaren, Laudioko eta Aramaioko berezko ezkontzaerregimen ekonomikoa da. Bertan, ezkontideen ondasun guztien gaineko ondasun erkidego unibertsal bat sortzen da, bai eta horien ordezko disoluzio-ahalmena ere garrantzitsua da (finkatze/ez finkatzea ahalmena). Gaur egun, Euskal Zuzenbide Zibilaren 5/2015 Legean araututa dago, eta ezkontzaren araubide ekonomiko nagusi gisa adosten duten ezkontideei aplikatzen zaie, bai eta ezkontza-itunak ez adosteagatik euskal auzotasun zibil foruduna dutenei ere, betiere legezko baldintzak betetzen badira. Erregimena desegiteko moduaren arabera, ezkontzaren likidazioa irabazpidezko sozietate gisa tratatu behar da (finkatu gabeko forma) edo alargunaren eta ezkontzaren ondorengo komunen arteko ondasunerkidego gisa (modu finkatua). Kasu horietako bakoitzaren barruan, analisi fiskalak esan nahi du esleipen-gehiegikeriak egon daitezkeela ezkontza-ondasunak ezkontideen artean, edo alargunaren eta ondorengo komunen artean banatzeko orduan. Horrela, bada, kontuan hartu behar da tratatu beharreko ondasunen zatiezintasuna eta ondasun horiek gutxiagotze izateko aukera, alde bakoitzari dagokion kuota proportzionala banatuz, bati ondasun osoa esleituz eta besteari tokatzen zaion zati proportzionala dirutan ordainduz.
[en] By mean ofthis project the design and dimensioningof a controlled combustion plant for municipal solid waste (MSW)has been carried out, which will be located in the community of Madrid. The installationwill takeadvantage of the heat emittedby the incineration to produce electrical energy through a "Rankine" cycle. Concurrently, thenecessaryeconomic, environmental andrisk studies have been carried out to analyse itsviability.

[eu] Proiektu honen bitartez, hiri hondakin solidoen (HHS) kontrolatutako errekuntza instalazio bat diseinatu da, Madrilgo komunitatean egongo dena. Instalazioak erraustegiak emandako beroa aprobetxatuko du "Rankine" zikloaren bidez energia elektrikoaekoizteko. Aldi berean, azterketaekonomiko, ingurumeneko eta arriskuei buruzkoazterlanak egin dira beren bideragarritasuna aztertzeko.
[en] This dissertation has the objective of research the situation of the women from Latin America in the Basque Country, heeding the magnitude that the domestic work sector has in their experiences. The research wants to analyse the situation of those workers and know how to enable their inclusion from the area of the Social Education. In order to achieve the objective two tools based in the qualitative methodology have been used: Life History and Relief Maps. The results show that they have migrated mainly in order to improve their economic situation or to hide from gender violence situations. They repeated that the main factor in their inclusion process is the labour, among others, in despite of that they have reported the working conditions of the sector. In the same way they said that the workplace can be a problematic place as a result of receiving racist assaults or sexual harassment. They have emphasized that due to the migration process the adaptation to the new environment they have experimented empowerment and they also have pointed that what most hinders that process is the social exclusion.

[eu] Lan honek Latinoamerikatik etorritako emakumeek EAEn duten egoera ikertzea du helburu, kontuan izanik euren esperientzietan etxeko lanen esparruak duen pisua. Zehazki, Gizarte Hezkuntzaren eremutik langile horien egoera aztertu eta inklusioa nola ahalbidetu daitekeen jakitea bilatzen du. Xede hori lortzeko metodologia kualitatiboan oinarrituz bi ikerketa tresna erabili dira: Bizitza Historiak eta Relief Maps. Emaitzek diote gehienek euren egoera ekonomikoa hobetzeko edo genero indarkeria egoeretatik ihes egiteko migratu dutela. Inklusio prozesuan laguntzen dien faktore nagusietako bat lana dela errepikatu duten arren, sektorearen lan-baldintzak salatu dituzte. Ildo beretik lantokia, leku gatazkatsua izan daitekeela aipatu dute. Migrazio prozesuaren eta inguru berrira egokitzearen eraginez ahalduntzea esperimentatu dutela azpimarratu eta prozesu hori nagusiki oztopatzen duena gizarte bazterkeria dela nabarmendu dute ere.
[en] At the moment, problems related to the phenomenon of drugs can be identified at three levels: production, traffic and use. In the different levels mentioned, some damage come from the activities directly related to drugs, whereas other harm is derived from the control activities, that is to say, it constitutes the nonwished consequences of the policies in this matter. Nevertheless, we can observe that the international drug control policy aims the harm reduction only at level of use and not in relation to the production or the drug traffic.

[eu] Gaur egun hiru mailetan identifikatu daitezke drogekin erlazionatutako arazoak: produkzioa, trafikoa eta kontsumoa. Aipatutako maila ezberdinetan arrisku batzuk drogekin zuzenean erlazionatutako ekintzengatik datoz, beste batzuk berriz kontrol ekintzetatik ateratzen dira, hau da, drogen inguruan jarraitzen diren politikek nahi ez dituzten ondorioak dira. Hala ere, esan beharra dago, drogen kontroleko nazioarteko politikak arriskuen murrizketa kontsumoarekiko jarraitzen dutela, eta ez produkzioa edo trafikoarekiko.
[en] The modern societies experience a process of social and religious reconfiguration. In this context, the vertiginous proliferation of an uncertain number of religious-sectarians associations registered in the last years, together with the unlucky coercive actions exerted by some of them, have contributed to generate an alarming and indiscriminate opinion state. Starting from this idea, a social theoretical explanatory profile is elaborated to interpret the social and religious dynamicity, so diffuse and changing.

[eu] Gizarte modernoak, berkonfigurazio sozio-erlijioso batetan murgildurik azaltzen dira. Kontestu honetan, eta azken urteetan azaldu diren hainbat erakunde erlijioso-sektarioak kontutan hartuta, gizartean alarma eta diskriminazioa sortu dela azaltzen da. Hemendik abiatuta, gaur egungo dinamizazio sozio erlijioso zirriborrotsu eta aldatzailea ulertzen laguntzen duen kuadro teoriko sozial bat azaltzen da.
[en] The future Regulating Law of a Justice to Minors, according to the Bill of 1998, has provided the intervention with minors but in a margin of age different from before, and an extensive range of measures. After studying the new variables that modify the origin of criminal behaviours and the new offences, the intervention models, more operatives, adaptted to the age and to personal characteristics of the minor, are pointed out.

[eu] 1998-ko aurreproiektuan jasotzen den bezala, Gazte justizia moldatuko duen lege organikoak, orain arte jardun ez diren adinetan jardutea du helburu, eta baita neurri multzo zabal bat ere. Delitu berriak eta delituzko portaerak aldatzen dituzten aldagai berriak aztertu ondoren, gaztearen ingurugiroa, ezaugarri pertsonalak eta adina kontutan hartzen dituzten esku-hartze eredutaz hitzegiten da.
[en] This work suggests the need to broaden the application to a greater number of convicted persons of suspended prison sentence for drug addicts. In the fi rst part a body of evidence is provided, which justifi es the assumption that special suspension is less applied than it might. In the second part several arguments are presented, which could explain the limitation of this tool: an unclear legal regulation, the lack of a pre- sentence socio-criminal report and certain characteristics of our legal culture. And lastly, three elements linked to the legal and judicial individualization process are presented; the adoption in our country would increase the credibility and spread of this community punishment: the Therapeutic Jurisprudence, the Drug Treatment Courts and the Pre-Sentence Report.

[eu] Lan honek iradokitzen du gero eta zigortu gehiagori eten beharko litzaiekeela drogaren menpekoei aplikatzen zaien espetxe-zigorra. Lehenengo atalean, hainbat ebidentzia aurkezten dira erakusteko etete berezia aplikatu daitekeenetan baino gutxiagotan aplikatzen dela. Bigarren atalean, baliabide horren muga azal dezaketen hainbat argumentu eskaintzen dira: lege-erregulazio nahasia, sententzia baino lehenagoko txosten kriminologiko-sozial baten gabezia eta gure kultura judizialaren ezaugarri zehatzak. Eta, azkenik, indibidualizazio-prozesu legalarekin eta judizialarekin lotutako hiru elementu azaltzen dira. Horiek gure herrialdeetan txertatzeak ahalbidetuko luke areagotzea zigor komunitario horren sinesgarritasuna eta hedapena: Therapeutic Jurisprudence, Drug Treatment Courts eta Pre-Sentence Report.
[en] The photographic project 'Leihotik Begira' is a reflexion on the power that photos have to evidence some acts. It is also a way to question the influence that a context or background can have on the reading of a picture. Thanks to the story told, we can put the artist and the voyeur in the same level. The project has become a game between the undefined line between observing and spying.

[eu] 'Leihotik Begira' argazki proiektua, argazkiek gertaera batzuen aurrean ebidentzia moduan funtzionatzeko duten boterearen inguruko hausnarketa bat da, baita testuinguru batek edo bestek argazki baten irakurketan izan dezakeen eraginari buruzko gogoeta bat ere. Kontatutako istorioari esker, artistaren irudia voyeur-aren irudiarekin parekatzeko aukera izan da, eta behatzearen eta espiatzearen arteko muga zehaztugabearekin egindako jolasa bilakatu da proiektu osoa.
[en] The present paper studies the reforms regarding penal enforcement which have been introduced by the Organic Law 1/2015, of 30 March, which amends significantly the Penal Code of 1995. In particular, it analyses the alternative measures to the penitentiary enforcement of imprisonment in light of the punitive subsidiarity paradigm. According to such paradigm, the less grievous enforcement models (regarding sentences of imprisonment) should be applied, provided that they are suitable to reach the preventive goals of Criminal Law. In light of such an axiological premise, the paper analyses the models of conditional non-enforcement (both simple and with substitutive elements), therapeutic non-enforcement and non-enforcement concerning foreigners.

[eu] Exekuzio penalaren eremuan 1/2015 Lege Organikoak, martxoaren 30ekoak, eragindako erreformen iruzkina jasotzen du artikuluak. Aipatutako legeak nabarmen aldatu du 1995eko Zigor Kodea. Zehazki, espetxe-zigorraren exekuzioaren ordezko modalitateak aztertzen ditu subsidiariotasun zigortzailearen argitan. Subsidiariotasun zigortzailearen arabera, espetxe-zigorra exekutatzeko moduen artean, askatasun pertsonala ahalik eta gutxien urratzen dutenak aplikatu beharko lirateke; betiere, horiekin interbentzio penalak dituen xede prebentiboak lor badaitezke. Premisa axiologiko horretatik abiatuta, artikulu honek aztergai ditu baldintzapeko exekuzio-eza –eredu sinpleak zein osagai ordezkatzaileak dituztenak–, exekuzioeza terapeutikoa eta atzerritarrentzako zigorraren exekuzio-eza.
[en] As the result of the changes in the society in the last few years, children are being educated earlier at schools. The change from the family to the school is not an easy process for these children and teachers must know the capacities of their pupils so as to help in this process. So the aim of this work is to know how a good process of reception can happen. In order to get this, the work starts from the observation of each part which participates in the educational process –pupils, family and teachers-, as each one has an influence in the rest. The results has shown us that to achieve a good educational reception we must take into account some factors, being the child and his/her capacities the center of the process.

[eu] Azken urteotan gizartean gertatutako aldaketen eraginez, haurrak gero eta goizago eskolatzen dira. Familiatik eskolara ematen den aldaketa hori ez da batere prozesu erraza izaten haurrentzat eta hezitzaileek umetxoaren gaitasunak ezagutzea ezinbestekoa da umetxo eta ume txikiei egokiro lagundu ahal izateko. Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua eskolatze prozesuan egunero gertatzen den harrera modu egokian nola egiten den ezagutzea izango da. Horretarako, lanaren abiapuntua harrerako parte-hartzaile diren umeen, gurasoen eta hezitzaileen behaketa sistematikoa izango da, horietako bakoitzaren jardunbideak gainerakoengan eragina duelako. Aurrera eramandako azterketaren emaitzek harrera egoki egiteko faktore batzuk kontuan izan behar direla erakutsi digute, horiek betetzean harrera prozesua errazago bihurtuz; betiere haurra protagonista dela aintzat hartuta eta bere gaitasunak kontuan hartuz.
[en] Common characteristics of penal law and religion conform the three regions where people are developed; social space where community lives; marginant prison; to exclude; and the sacred space. lt is explained what they share and their differences, as well as the overcoming of these differences.

[eu] Zuzenbide penala eta erlijioaren arteko elkarganako ezaugarriek gizakia aurkitzen den hiru lurraldeak eratzen dituzte: giza-unea, alegia, komunitatea moldatzen den unea; presondegia, marginatzaile, baztertzeko; eta une sakratua. Lan honetan zatibanatzen dutena eta bere ezberdintasunak, baita ere desberdintasun hauetako gainditzea azaltzen dira.
[en] The main objective of this work is to make a first approach to alternative educational projects in the Basque Autonomous Community. On the one hand, the aim is to know the main characteristics of these projects and their current situation, identifying their obstacles or limitations, as well as their benefits and shortcomings for children and society. The second main goal is to know the opinions and reflections that the agents involved in these projects (professionals and families) have on this situation and on the future of alternative education and public education. For this purpose, a theoretical and a qualitative research -through interviews to these agents- will be carried out. Thus, once the results of both have been analyzed and compared, conclusions will be drawn and connected with the objectives.

[eu] Lan honen helburu nagusia Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko hezkuntza-proiektu alternatiboekiko lehen gerturatze bat egitea da. Alde batetik, proiektu hauen ezaugarri nagusiak eta egun duten egoera ezagutu nahi da; haien oztopo edo mugak, eta haurrekiko eta gizartearekiko dituzten onura zein gabeziak identifikatuz. Eta, horrez gain, proiektu hauetan parte hartzen duten eragileek (profesionalek eta familiek) egoera horren eta, baita, hezkuntza alternatiboaren zein hezkuntza publikoaren etorkizunaren inguruan dituzten iritzi eta hausnarketak ezagutzea bilatzen da. Horretarako, ikerketa teoriko bat eta ikerketa kualitatibo bat -eragile horiei egindako elkarrizketen bidezkoa- eramango dira aurrera. Hala, bien emaitzak aztertu eta alderatu ostean, ondorioak aterako dira; hauek helburuekin lotuz, era berean.
[en] The Spanish Civil Code regulates the functions of the minors custody, in which parents are assigned certain powers and obligations, such as take care of their children, stay with them and maintaining them. But, the parents can be deprive of minors custody by judicial decision, in these cases, minor's highest interest must always be considered, because it is a fundamental principle of our legal order. The privation of custody can be based on article 170 of Spanish Civil Code if we are in civil jurisdiction. However, the privation of minors custody it also can happen as a punishment or precautionary measure.

[eu] Kode Zibilak guraso-ahalaren funtzioak arautzen ditu, bertan, gurasoei zenbait ahalmen eta obligazio esleitzen zaizkie, hala nola; seme-alabak jagotea, haiekin egotea, horiei mantenua ematea… Hala ere, erabaki judizial bidez guraso-ahalaren galera eman daiteke, kasu horietan adingabearen interes gorena aintzat hartu beharrekoa izango da beti, gure ordenamendu juridikoaren oinarrizko printzipio bat baita. Hainbat dira guraso-ahalaren gabetzera garamatzaten egoerak, horretarako Epaitegi eta Auzitegiak Kode Zibilaren 170. artikuluak oinarritzen dira, arlo zibilean ari bagara. Izan ere, guraso-ahalaren gabetzea zigor arloan ere eman daiteke, kautela-neurri edo zigor gisa.
[en] Everything we could imagine, whatever real or abstract, exists once it has a physical support. Our unsustainable society has its roots on the boundless exploitation of the natural resources used to satisfy our present needs, what leads to a future decrease on their availability. This happens because the matter and energy flows and their participants are altered. The waybill towards being sustainable is to, on the one side, stimulate a change on society´s conscience and at the same time, promote sustainable technical solutions. This change is a joint performance and needs every human being to participate in order to have any hope of having success. Cities, from an ecological view, are black holes. They are not just what they are, but also what they need to maintain themselves in the way they are. The ecological urban planning tries to combine urban and sustainable concepts, it is determined to create areas where the human settlements are favorable and have as little negative repercussion on their environment as possible. Energy, construction materials, water, waste, green areas, community and laws are some of the fields where the urban planning may act to achieve it. We, the human beings, have our destiny in our hands. Results come as a consequence of acts. Whatever it happens, it will be because our decisions have been chosen to happen so.

[eu] Imajina dezakeegun edozer, bai erreala bai abstraktua, behin oinarri fisikoa duenean existitu egiten da. Ez-jasangarritasunaren jatorria, naturak eskeinatako errekurtsoen erabilpen neurrigabea da, honek etorkizunean errekurtsoen falta dakarrelako.; energia eta materiaren fluxu eta haietan parte hartzen duten agenteen eraldaketak direla medio. Jasangarritasuna lortzeko bidean, alde batetik, gure gizartearen pentsakera aldaketa bultzatu behar da eta aldiberean, jasangarri diren erantzun teknikoak eman behar dira. Aldaketa hau guztion artean bultzatu behar dugu arrakasta izateko itxaropena izatea nahi izanez gero. Ikuspuntu ekologiko batetik, hiriak zulo beltzak dira, eta direna ez ezik, diren eran mantentzeko behar dutena ere badira. Hiri plangintza ekologikoak, hirigintza eta jasangarritasuna bateratzen saiatzen da, izan ere bere helburua giza kokaleku positiboak, ahalik eta ingurunerako arazo gutxien eraginda sortzea da. Horrelakoak lortzeko, energía, erikitze materialak, ura, zaborra, leku berdeak, komunitatea eta legeak izango dira, besteak beste, plangintza jasangarriaren lan esparruak. Gizakiok gure etorkizunaren agintari bakarrak gara. Emaitzak egindakoaren ondorio baino ez dira. Beraz, etorkizunean gertatzen dena gertatzen dela, guk hala erabaki izan dugulako izango da.
[en] Offences commited by children cause serious and new problems and society can't find the appropriate orientation to solve these conflicts. These harmful actions and their etiology must be studied from a serious, neither stigmatizing, nor punitive perspective. Documentos of United Nations and the Council of Europe, as well as specific researches could help in overcoming the young offender's conflict, who is also often a victim of delinquency.

[eu] Adingabekoek egindako urrapenek arazo larri eta berriak sortzen dituzte, eta gizarteak ez da aurkitzen arazo horiek konpontzeko dagoion bidea. Ikuspegi serio batetik, baino ez estigmatizantea ezta zigorkorra ere ikertu behar dira ekintza hauek eta bere etiologia. Nazio Batuen eta Europako Kontseiluaren agiriek eta espezialisten ikerketek adingabeko infraktorearen arazoa gainditzera lagun dezakete, kontutan hartuz sarritan adingabeko infraktorea delitugiletzaren biktima dela.