[en] After the signing of the Kyoto Protocol and the subsequent Paris Agreement, it was agreed to pursue the decarbonisation of transport to mitigate the negative effects that the emission of CO2 and other greenhouse gases have on the planet. Of all the CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption worldwide, 24.9% of these originated in transportation in 2016, being the second most polluting sector after the manufacturing industry with a representation of 36.5% (1). To achieve this goal, the European Union has aimed at electric vehicles as the answer to this great problem, since these do not generate direct emissions of CO2. Leaving aside the environmental aspect of the electric vehicle, this work will focus on the economic consequences that this change of transport model would have on the European economy. The automotive industry is of vital importance for the economy of our continent, and this would undergo major changes. The sector provides work to around 12 million people and accounts for 4% of the gross domestic product of the European Union. In addition to this, it represents the largest private investor in research and development in the continent (2). Major changes that will radically transform the automotive sector will affect the industry in the coming years. The mining industry will gain much greater prominence due to the great increase in the demand of minerals such as lithium, copper or platinum, indispensable for the manufacture of batteries, electrical circuits and fuel cells respectively. On the other hand, the demand for electric batteries, a sector in which China is a world leader with that of electric motors, would increase exponentially. In addition to this, the mechanical aspect of the car loses great relevance in it, greatly simplifying its design and opening the doors of this market to new companies with great financial muscle and knowledge of electricity and electronics. This new paradigm faced by one of the most economically relevant industries would have consequences in most sectors due to its multiplying effect on suppliers (materials processing industries) and derivative industries (repairs, mobility services or information and communication technologies).

[eu] Kyoto protokoloaren sinaduraren eta Pariseko hitzarmenaren ondoren, garraioaren deskarbonizazioa jarraitzea adostu zen CO2-ak eta berotegi efektua eragiten duten bestelako gasen emisioek planetan eragiten dituzten efektu negatiboak gutxitzeko asmoarekin. Mundu osoan erregai fosilen kontsumoa isurtzen duen CO2 guztiarengandik, % 24,9k garraioan sortu zen 2016an, bigarren sektore kutsatzaileena izanda manufaktura industriaren atzetik (% 36,5) (1). Ezarritako helburua lortzeko, Europar Batasunak ibilgailu elektrikoak sustatu ditu arazo honi erantzuteko asmoz; izan ere, hauek ez dute CO2 gasa zuzenean igortzen. Ibilgailu elektrikoak ingurumenean duen eragina alde batera utzita, ibilgailu motaren aldaketak ekonomia europearrean izango duen ondorio ekonomikoak aztertzea izango da lan honen helburua. Automobilgintza industria oso garrantzitsua da gure kontinenteren ekonomiarentzat eta aldaketa handiak jasango lituzke; hain zuzen ere, sektoreak 12 milioi lanpostu inguru eskaintzen ditu eta Europar Batasunearen Barne Produktu Gordinaren %4 suposatzen du. Gainera, Europa mailan ikerketarako eta garapenerako inbertsio pribatu handiena egiten da sektore honetan (2). Aldaketa handiek zeharo moldatuko dute automobilgintza hurrengo urteetan eta meatzaritzak garrantzi handiago izango du litioa, kuprea edo nikela bezalako mineralen eskaria nabarmenki handituko delako. Kontuan izan beharreko gaia da, mineral hauek ezinbestekoak direla bateriak, zirkuitu elektrikoak edo erregai-pilak ekoizteko. Bestalde, bateria elektrikoen sektoreak, zeinetan eta motore elektrikoen sektorean ere Txina munduko liderra den, esponentzialki egingo luke gora. Era berean, atomobilaren itxura mekanikoak garrantzia galduko luke, diseinua sinplifikatuz eta elektrizitatean zein elektronikan adituak diren eta ahalmen finantzarioa duten enpresei merkatu aukera berriak izango lituzkete. Paradigma berri honi aurre egin behar dion garrantzi handiko industria honek, aldaketak eragingo ditu gainontzeko sektore gehienetan hornitzaileengan (material eraldatzaile industriak) eta industria deribatuengan (konponketak, mugikortasun zerbitzuak edo informazioaren eta komunikazioaren teknologiak) daukan efektu biderkatzailea dela eta.