[en] Higher education has experienced a surge in the adoption of dual training models. This trend, which transcends traditional professional training, seeks to respond to challenges such as youth unemployment, skills shortages, and difficulties in labor market integration. Academic research has predominantly focused on professional training, prioritizing the student perspective and classroom environment. This has limited the understanding of workplace learning and overlooked the crucial role of individuals responsible for guiding apprentices' learning in real work contexts. Thus, this doctoral thesis primarily aims to understand how the design of the learning environment in the workplace influences the success of university dual training programs. It analyzes how work resources and job characteristics impact the sustainable employability of learners, considering indicators such as unemployment duration, professional satisfaction, and the development of professional competencies. To achieve this, a methodological approach is adopted that combines the perspectives of those guiding apprentices in workplace learning and the apprentices themselves. This doctoral thesis is presented as a collection or compendium of three scientific articles that, together, offer a significant contribution to advancing knowledge in this emerging field. Each article explores a specific facet of the research topic, allowing for detailed analysis and subsequent dissemination of results in various scientific journals. In the first article, the job characteristics that favor workplace well-being experiences in a university dual training program are investigated from the apprentices' perspective, analyzing their direct impact on the initial unemployment duration of young apprentices, with a specific analysis of how gender may influence this relationship. The second article considers the influence of work resources as a determining factor in shaping the professional satisfaction of apprentices, examining from their own perspective the critical conditions for building a positive work experience during their dual training. Finally, the third article examines the structural configuration of the work environment and its impact on the construction and consolidation of professional competencies of university apprentices, adopting an analytical perspective from those responsible for their practical training. Ultimately, this doctoral thesis aims to deepen the theoretical and practical understanding of the learning environment in the workplace within dual training programs in higher education, with the objective of providing an interpretive framework that not only enriches existing academic knowledge but also offers concrete guidance for designing and implementing more effective, efficient, and labor market-aligned training programs.

[eu] Formakuntza dualeko ereduek gorakada izan dute goi mailako hezkuntzan. Joera honek, profesionalen prestakuntza tradizionala gaindituz, honako erronka hauei erantzuten die: gazte-langabezia, trebetasun-eskasia eta lan-munduratzeko zailtasunak. Ikerketa akademikoak nagusiki profesionalen prestakuntzari erreparatu dio, batez ere ikasleen ikuspegian eta ikasgelan zentratuz. Horrek, lan-inguruneko ikaskuntzaren ulermena mugatu egin du eta baita benetako lan-testuinguruetan ikasleen ikaskuntza gidatzeaz arduratzen diren pertsonaren funtsezko papera baztertu ere. Horrela, doktorego-tesi honen helburu nagusia, lan-inguruneko ikaskuntza-inguruneen diseinuak unibertsitate-prestakuntza dualeko programen arrakastan duen eragina ulertzea da. Hain zuzen ere, lan-baliabideek eta lan-ezaugarriek ikasleen lan-munduratze iraunkorrean duten eragina aztertzen, honako adierazle hauek kontutan hartuta: langabeziaren iraupena, gogobetetze profesionala eta konpetentzia profesionalen garapena. Horretarako, lan-inguruneko ikaskuntza gidariaren eta ikaslearen ikuspegiak konbinatzen dira. Doktorego-tesi hau hiru artikulu zientifiko biltzen dituen bilduma edo konpendio gisa aurkezten da, zeinak, elkarrekin, ezagutza-arlo sortu berri honetan aurrera egiteko ekarpen esanguratsua eskaintzen duten. Artikulu bakoitzak ikerketa-gaiari buruzko alderdi espezifiko bat aztertzen du, analisi zehatzagoa ahalbidetuz eta emaitzak zientzia-aldizkari desberdinetan hedatzeko aukera emanez. Lehenengo artikuluan, ikasleen ikuspegitik, unibertsitate-prestakuntza dualeko programan ongizate-lan esperientzia sustatzen dituzten lan-ezaugarriak aztertzen dira, gazte ikasleen hasierako langabezia-iraupenean duten eragin zuzenari erreparatuz. Gainera, generoaren eraginari buruzko azterketa espezifiko bat ere gauzatzen da. Bigarren artikuluan, lan-baliabideen eragina aztertzen da ikasleen gogobetetze profesionala eratzeko faktore erabakigarri gisa, ikasleek beraien prestakuntza dualean zehar lan-esperientzia positiboa eraikitzeko baldintza kritikoak aztertuz. Azkenik, hirugarren artikuluan, lan-ingurunearen konfigurazio estrukturalak, unibertsitateko ikasleen konpetentzia profesionalen garapen eta sendotzean duen eragina aztertzen da, horretarako ikasleen prestakuntza praktikoa gidatzeaz arduratzen diren pertsonen ikuspegi analitikoa kontuan hartuz. Azkenik, doktorego-tesi honek goi-mailako hezkuntzan prestakuntza dualeko programetan lan-inguruneko ikaskuntza-ingurunearen ulermen teoriko eta praktikoa sakondu nahi du, interpretazio-marko bat eskainiz, ez soilik dagoen ezagutza akademikoa aberasteko, baita ere orientabide zehatzak eskainiz, programa formatibo efektiboagoak, efizienteagoak eta lan-merkatuaren eskakizunetara egokituagoak diseinatu eta ezartzeko