[en] During the early decades of the 20th century, in Spain pavilion hospitals were still being built; but even though this building type was a very rational design, it was already obsolete. From the 1920s until the civil war, thanks to the advances in Medicine and Architecture, the first mixed hospitals began to be proposed through ideas competitions. These new buildings use a 'comb-shaped' design and combine the vertical expansion of infirmaries and clinical services with satellite buildings, which are based on the 'monoblock' type ―known as the American Hospital. With the autarky, the hospital as a type evolve towards an 'airplane-shaped' design thanks to the contests for tuberculosis sanatoriums in order to generate hygienic, functional and economic proposals. Simultaneously, the 'National Social Security Institute' established the 'Compulsory Health Insurance system', which aimed to provide universal health by building a network of residences and outpatient clinics throughout the country. In order to achieve this objective, several architecture competitions were promoted, whose briefs ask to adhere to the intensive American type. During the 1950s, the hospitals of the first stage of this sanitary facilities construction program were inaugurated as propaganda of the dictatorship that disseminates an image of trustworthy international modernity. All these initiatives take off with the contests ―as experimentation tools―, which were instrumentalized by the current political regime. Thus, competition results were publicized through magazines, exhibitions, books and documentaries. A monograph on Architecture from 1960 features the uniform results, ranging from the pavilion hospital to the monoblock hospital for a practical Healthcare.

[es] En las primeras décadas del siglo XX, en España, todavía se construían hospitales de pabellones que, siendo un tipo muy racional, estaba ya obsoleto. Gracias a los avances en Medicina y Arquitectura, desde los años 20 y hasta la guerra civil, comienzan a proponerse, a partir de concursos, los primeros hospitales mixtos que combinan, en una planta en peine, la concentración en altura de enfermerías y servicios clínicos, además de edificaciones satélites, que están basados en el tipo hospitalario americano 'monobloque'. En la autarquía, los hospitales siguen evolucionando hasta decantar la planta de avión gracias a los concursos para sanatorios antituberculosos con el fin de generar tipos higiénicos, funcionales y económicos. Simultáneamente se instaura el sistema del Seguro Obligatorio de Enfermedad por el Instituto Nacional de Previsión que pretende generar una sanidad universal construyendo una red de residencias y ambulatorios por todo el territorio nacional, para lo que se convoca un certamen cuyas bases piden ceñirse al modelo intensivo americano. Durante los 50 se inauguran los hospitales de la primera etapa de este plan de instalaciones sanitarias como propaganda de la dictadura que divulga una imagen de acomodada modernidad internacional. Todas estas iniciativas despegan con los concursos ―en tanto que herramientas de experimentación―, instrumentalizados durante el régimen, que publicitan sus resultados a través de revistas, exposiciones, libros y documentales. Un monográfico de Arquitectura de 1960 rinde cuenta de los uniformados resultados desde el hospital por pabellones al hospital en bloque para una Sanidad realista.