[en] In the last decades, disinformation has been multiplied exponentially within the information landscape. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has turned the situation critical. Fake news have become a real public health problem, spreading even faster than true information. To combat fake news, several fact-checking initiatives have been set up around the world, particularly in the context of the current health crisis. For its part, the European Union is one of the most exposed international organisations towards disinformation. It, therefore, counts on various stakeholders and tools to face it. Likewise, Spain also presents several experiences of news verification. On the other hand, technology companies also play a key role to fight against hoaxes, and some of them have already started to implement mechanisms against fake news. However, data verification is under debate due to the possibility of a backfire effect. In view of this, this paper has carried out a bibliographic review of previous research, combined with a non-experimental qualitative analysis of the results obtained. The aim has been to understand the phenomenon of fact-checking, its evolution and characteristics in order to analyse it as a potential final solution to disinformation. From this research, feedback from the scientific/university academia is sought in order to broaden their knowledge of the disinformation phenomenon. Therefore, the results of this study have a clear European public service vocation.

[es] En las &uacute;ltimas d&eacute;cadas, la desinformaci&oacute;n se ha visto multiplicada exponencialmente dentro del panorama informativo. Sin embargo, la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha dado un vuelco a la situaci&oacute;n, volvi&eacute;ndola cr&iacute;tica. Las noticias falsas se han tornado un verdadero problema para la salud p&uacute;blica, disemin&aacute;ndose m&aacute;s r&aacute;pido incluso que la informaci&oacute;n verdadera. En este sentido, para luchar contra la desinformaci&oacute;n, se han consolidado diversas iniciativas de fact-checking por todo el mundo, en particular, tras la crisis sanitaria. Por su parte, la Uni&oacute;n Europea es una de las organizaciones m&aacute;s expuestas a las noticias falsas. Es por ello por lo que cuenta con diversos actores para hacerle frente. Igualmente, Espa&ntilde;a tambi&eacute;n presenta varias experiencias de verificaci&oacute;n de noticias. Por otra parte, las empresas tecnol&oacute;gicas juegan tambi&eacute;n un papel clave y algunas de ellas ya han comenzado a implementar mecanismos contra la pandemia de bulos. No obstante, la verificaci&oacute;n de datos se encuentra bajo debate ante la posibilidad de que esta produzca un efecto inverso (backfire effect). Ante ello, se ha llevado a cabo un estudio documental bibliogr&aacute;fico de investigaciones precedentes, combinado con un an&aacute;lisis cualitativo no experimental de los resultados obtenidos. El objetivo del mismo ha sido comprender el fen&oacute;meno del fact-checking, su evoluci&oacute;n y caracter&iacute;sticas con el fin de analizarlo como potencial soluci&oacute;n final a la desinformaci&oacute;n. A partir de esta investigaci&oacute;n, se busca la retroalimentaci&oacute;n desde la academia cient&iacute;fica/universitaria con el objetivo de ampliar su conocimiento sobre el fen&oacute;meno desinformativo. Por tanto, los resultados de esta investigaci&oacute;n cuentan con una clara vocaci&oacute;n de servicio p&uacute;blico (europeo).