BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] The vine, the wine and the education are themes which appear distant and which nevertheless can be gathered around the training program and the places of apprenticeship (high schools wine, universities, schools of oenology ...) and school knowledge through disciplines such as geography, biology, art ...; This does not prevent the School from also fighting against addictions, alcoholism and its excesses. It must be said that vine and wine have always brought people together, constituting a real cultural heritage spread all over the world, wine being then a cultural and societal cultural reference. Thus, this theme could be studied around three main axes by involving several disciplines from the Humanities and Social Sciences but also Sciences and literary and artistic disciplines.

[eu] Mahatsondoak, ardoak eta hezkuntzak urrutiko gaiak diruditen arren, prestakuntzaren, ikasketa lekuen (bigarren hezkuntzako mahasgintza eskolak, unibertsitateak, enologia eskolak...) eta eskola jakintza tokien inguruan bil daitezke geografia, biologia edo artea bezalako diziplinen bitartez. Horrek guztiak, ordea, ez du eragozten eskolak ere mendekotasunen, alkoholismoaren eta horren gehiegikerien aurka lan egitea. Esan beharra dago mahatsondoak eta ardoak beti bildu izan dituztela pertsonak, benetako ondare kulturala sortuz mundu guztian zehar. Horrela, ardoa kultura, gizarte eta hezkuntza erreferentzia bihurtu da. Ondorioz, gaiok hiru ardatz nagusiren inguruan azter daitezke, eta Giza eta Gizarte Zientzietako hainbat diziplina biltzen dituzte, bai eta zientzietako eta literatura eta arteetako diziplinak ere.
[en] This article addresses a problem that has not been too often raised when reconstructing Basque demonstratives. I will propose that distal plural demonstratives underwent a morphological restructuring ; thus, the dialectal variation we find across texts and nowadays speech (basically aek vs. ek) is due not to phonetic changes, but to the aforesaid morphological reorganizing of the demonstratives. This proposal will be useful for a better understanding of the diachrony of declension, for a better explanation of different accentuation patterns, as well as diachronic dialectology and contact issues.

[eu] Artikulu honetan euskal erakusleak berreraiki izan direnean maiz aipatu gabeko arazo batez arduratu naiz. Gradu urruneko erakusleen forma berregituratze morfologiko baten ondorio dela proposatuko dut ; honela, euskalki artean, testuetan zein gaur egungo ahozko jardunean, aurkitzen ditugun aldaerak (aek vs. ek, oinarrian) ez dira aldaketa fonetiko soilen ondorio, arestian aipatutako berregituratze morfologikoarena baizik. Proposamen honek deklinabidearen diakronia hobeki ulertzen lagunduko gaitu, eta baita azentuazio patroi ezberdinak azaltzen ere ; hein berean, kontaktu egoeren zein euskalkien diakroniaren eztabaida ere ukituko du proposamenak.
[en] The aim of this paper is to characterise the realisation of the definite determiner in the variety of Basque spoken in Zaldibar by identifying potential ongoing changes affecting it. To this end, we analyse whether there are any qualitative differences between the article -e and all other s in the variety, to ascertain whether they constitute a single category or two different phonetic categories. Based on previous literature, we predict that the historical change is already completed and the raised article and all other /e/s will not be distinguishable. To this end, we have recorded eight people from two different age groups. All in all, we asked participants to translate 18 single words and 18 sentences that required the use of the definite determiner from Spanish to Zaldibar Basque. According our results, the historical change that affected the realisation of the determiner holds still, yet the article has stabilized as a segment between /a/ and /e/, namely [e̞]. Likewise, we have examined the /e/ ~ [i] that was raised as a result of the vowel encounters found in morpheme boundaries. In this case, we have observed a great degree of overlap between this [i] and all other instances of /i/ in the variety: according to our data, both sets of vowels constitute a single phonetic category in Zaldibar Basque. Finally, we present preliminary evidence pointing to the completion of the devoicing process of morpheme-boundary [ʒ] in the current generation of speakers.

[eu] Artikulu honen helburua Zaldibarko euskarako artikulu mugatuaren ahoskera zehaztea da, honen izaeran aldaketarik ematen ari den aztertuz. Honetarako, -e artikulua eta gainerako en arteko ezberdintasun kualitatiborik dagoen ikertuko da, kategoria bakarra edo bi kategoria fonetiko ezberdin osatzen duten zehazteko. Aurreko bibliografian oinarrituta, gure aurreikuspena hurrengoa da: aldaketa historikoa osaturik egongo da eta igotako artikuluak eta gainontzeko /e/-ak ez dira ezberdinduko. Helburu honekin, bi adin taldetan banatutako zortzi pertsona grabatu ditugu. Guztira mugatzailearen erabilera eskatzen duten 18 hitz eta 18 esaldiren itzulpena egiteko eskatu genien, gazteleratik, Zaldibarren hitz egiten den euskarara. Gure emaitzen arabera, artikulu mugatuaren ahoskeran jazotako aldaketa historikoa geldirik da gaur egun, baina artikulua /a/ eta /e/-ren kokapenen arteko [e̞] bezala egonkortu egin da. Modu berean, morfema mugako bokal talken ondorioz igotako /e/ ~ [i] ikertu dugu. Kasu honetan, [i] honen ebakeraren eta /i/-ren beste adibideenaren artean gainjartze akustiko handia ikusi dugu: gure datuen arabera bokal talde biek kategoria fonetiko bakarra osatzen dute Zaldibarko euskaran. Azkenik, hiztun belaunaldi honetan morfema mugako [ʒ]-ren ahoskabetze prozesuaren osatzearen aldeko behin-behineko ebidentzia aurkezten dugu.
[en] Placenames of Álava with anthroponymical bases and ending in –iz, -ez and –ona / -oaIn this work we analyze the alavese toponyms that are based on a person name, whose origin is usually Latin, in addition to these toponyms having suffixes like –iz (Basque and Spanish), -ez (Spanish) on the one hand, and –ona (Spanish), -oa (Basque) on the other. After dealing with what various authors have claimed about the origin of said suffixes, we propose the Latin genitive ending –(o)nis for –ez, -iz, albeit the genitive form –ici of the suffix –icus can not be discarded here either. It is clear, in any case, that from some point on the –(i)(t)z suffix that denoted ownership became an independent suffix on its own right, being subsequently applied to native names, which shows us that it is not always necessary to resort to Latin. On the other hand, regarding the suffix –ona, -oa, which also denotes ownership, we propose, following what other authors have claimed about its origins, the accusative ending –one(m) as the original form, which appeared first in names declined following the pattern –o, -onis and eventually became adapted to the declension –ona, -onae.

[eu] Giza izen bat oinarri eta –iz, -ez eta –ona / -oa amaierak dituzten Arabako leku izenakLan honetan oinarritzat latin jatorrikoa ohi den jende izena eta atzizkitzat –iz (euskara eta gaztelania), -ez (gaztelania) eta –ona (gaztelania), -oa (euskara) duten Arabako toponimoak aztertzen ditugu. Zenbait ikertzailek atzizkien etorkiaz jaulki ustekariak aipatu ondoren, –iz, -ez-en iturritako –(o)nis genitiboa proposatzen dugu, -icus atzizkiaren –ici genitiboa ezin bazter badaiteke ere. Garbi dago une batetik aitzina jabegoa adierazten zuen –(i)(t)z atzizkia beregaindu zela, bertako oinarriei atxiki zitzaiela, eta, beraz, ez dela nahitaezkoa beti latinera jotzea. Bestalde, -ona, -oa berrekailuari doakionez, beste autore batzuek errandakoari jarraikiz, -o, -onis ereduaren arabera deklinatu izenen –one(m) akusatiboa proposatzen dugu iturburutzat, gero –ona, -onae deklinabidera egokitu zena.
[en] In this paper I present the first results of a new research project on ergativity in Basque that seeks to offer a thorough, systematic and cross-dialectal analysis of the Basque ergative case-system. It aims to measure the robustness of ergativity across Basque varieties, to define the factors that influence on it in each and all of the varieties of the language and, hence, to define the precise nature of all those ergative systems. And in addition to studying individual systems, it also wants to focus on the variation itself : what the changes are, where they occur and how they are graduated across varieties. This way, this research-project will eventually work toward bringing dialectologists' and theroretical syntacticians' endeavors closer.As a first step toward this end, I have arranged a long list of variables that intends to cover all the relevant aspects of the ergativity of Basque ; by doing so, I have tried to lay the grounds for further stages, in particular, for the elaboration of elicitation-tests and for the collection of data.

[eu] Txosten honetan, abiatu berri dudan ikerketa-egitasmo baten lehen emaitzak plazaratu nahi ditut. Egitasmoak euskararen kasu-sistema ergatiboa osorik, sistematikotasunez eta hizkeraz hizkera aztertu nahi du. Helburua da euskal hizkeren ergatibotasunaren sendotasuna neurtzea, ergatibotasunean eragiten duten faktoreak hizkeraz hizkera identifikatzea eta, horrenbestez, hizkeren sistema ergatiboen izaera bera zehaztea. Eta banakako sistemak ez ezik bariazioa bera ere azaldu nahi du : zer aldatzen den, non aldatzen den eta aldaketak nola mailakatzen diren. Azken batean, ikerketa-proiektuak gramatikari teorikoen eta dialektologoen lan-ildoak uztartu nahi ditu.Egitasmoaren lehen fasean datu-bilketa prestatzeari ekin nahi izan diot eta, xede horrekin, ergatibotasunaz dakigun guztia baliatuta, galdegai-zerrenda bat prestatu dut, analisi baliodun eta oso batek jaso behar lukeen informazioa zehazten duena.
[en] It is known that variation is an intrinsic feature of language. In this contribution, analysing from a synchronic point of view, we show different methodologies to research different kinds of variation (diatopic, diastractic and diaphasic). The diatopic variation has been developed by linguistic atlases. The methodology used for the diastratic variation is sociolinguistic methodology ; it is newer than the diatopic ones, but its scope and technics are settled down nowadays. The diaphasic variation is researched by sociolinguistics and pragmatic ; although it is the newest kind of variation that is studied, researchers are doing great progress to consolidate its methodology. Apart from this kinds of variation, we also show a kind of intrapersonal variation, in apparience without any extralinguistic factor.

[eu] Ezaguna da bariazioa hizkuntzaren ezaugarri intrintsekoa dela ; hizkuntzak, edozein izanik ere, barne-barnean duena. Ekarpen honetan, ikuspuntu sinkronikotik begiratuz, bariazio mota desberdinak (diatopikoa, diastratikoa eta diafasikoa) ikertzeko metodologia desberdinak aztertzen dira : bariazio diatopikorako metodologia hizkuntza atlasek garatu dute. Bariazio diastratikorako metodologia soziolinguistikoa erabiltzen da ; berriagoa izan arren, bere esparru eta teknika multzoa ongi finkatua duena. Bariazio diafasikoa soziolinguistika eta pragmatikaren bidez ikertzen da ; orain artean ez bada asko landu ere, jada urratsak ematen hasia da. Bariazio hauez gain, eta itxuraz faktore estralinguistikorik ez duen oharkabeko bariazio intrapertsonalaz ere badihardu.
[en] The goal of this work is to talk about the variability of the language. In the first chapters we will present a basic theoretical about variability and the sociolinguistic point of view. We will take into account the speaker and his or her linguistic conscious. Later we will talk about the variability of the Basque in the East part of the Low Navarre, in the cantonment of Amiküze and Donapaleu. This district is next to the dialect of Zuberoa, and we should pay attention to the fluctuations that appear in the speakers of the border areas. Most of the examples we take them from the nowadays speakers.

[eu] Saio honetan hizkuntzaren aldakortasuna hartuko dugu mintzagai ; lehen ataletan aldakortasunaz eta soziolinguistikaren begiradaz oinarrizko ikuspegi teoriko bat aurkeztuko dugu ; hiztuna eta honen kontzientzia linguistikoa ere gogoan izanen ditugu. Ondotik Nafarroa Behereko ekialdeko euskararen aldakortasunari helduko diogu, Amiküzeko edo Donapaleuko kantonamendukoari ; eskualde hau Zuberoako dialekto-mugaren ondoan da, baina mugaren inguruko hiztunen mintzoan ageri diren fluktuazioei arretaz so egin behar zaie. Adibide gehienak egungo ahozko mintzotik dakartzagu.
[en] This study analyses the discourse of current social resistance movements against the phenomenon of mass tourism in the context of the city of Donostia. In this way, a qualitative analysis is carried out through the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), the ideology and discursive elements that characterise and identify the communicative and socio-cognitive context of the Bizilagunekin social movement, the main platform that represents the resistance movement against the current model of tourism in the city. The results obtained from the representative sample of three discursive genres of social movements show an identification related to the spatial semantic aspect of the city of the (re)producers of the discourse, as well as a mode of representation of mass tourism related to an underlying ideology of an anti-neoliberal nature represented in a polarised structure that is identified through the representation of social actors.

[eu] Lan honek gaur egun dauden turismo masiboaren erresistentziaren aurkako gizarte-mugimenduen diskurtsoa aztertzen du Donostia hiriko testuinguruan. Ikerketa metodo kualitatibo baten bitartez eta Diskurtsoaren Analisi Kritikoaren (ACD) ikuspegiari jarraiki, Bizilagunekin mugimenduaren testuinguru komunikatibo eta soziokognitiboa ezaugarritzen dituen ideologia eta elementu diskurtsibo nagusiak ondorioztatzen dira. Hiriko egungo turismo-ereduaren aurkako erresistentzia-mugimendua ordezkatzen duen plataforma nagusia da Bizilagunekin. Modu honetan, haren hiru diskurtso-generoen lagin adierazgarritik lortutako emaitzek, diskurtsoaren ekoizleek hiriaren alderdi semantiko espazialari lotutako identifikazioa erakusten dute. Horrez gain, turismo masiboa irudikatzeko modua ere izaera antineoliberaleko azpiko ideologia bati lotuta dagoela erakusten da gizarte-eragileen irudikapenaren bidez identifikatzen den egitura polarizatu batean oinarrituta.
[en] This thesis consists of a thorough analysis and subsequent critical review of Ulrich Beck's cosmopolitan proposal. I basically challenge his three main normative assumptions: national secularism, community of risk and cosmopolitan empire. I do so by critically addressing his understanding of nations and nationalism from the perspective of the literature on minority nations. My approach offers a nuanced moral, political and legal understanding of Beck's cosmopolitan view. That is to say, the analytical review aims to highlight both the aspects of his proposal which I consider valuable as well as the aspects that need to be nuanced or criticised in order to strengthen his cosmopolitan account. The contribution of the thesis is to merge the normative cosmopolitan debates with the more accurate understanding of nations and nationalism offered by the literature on minority nations. In addition, it strengthens key aspects of Ulrich Beck's proposal. The thesis addresses the interaction between the European Court of Human Rights and the United Kingdom as a case study to prove the extent to which Beck's cosmopolitan proposal offers a valid theoretical frame to address transnational challenges such as Human Rights protection.

[eu] Doctoretza tesi honetan Ulrich Beck pentsalariaren proposamen kosmopolitaren analisi sakon eta horri dagokion azterketa kritikoa jorratu ditut. Laburbilduz, bere hiru oinarri normatiboak eztabaidatzen ditut: sekularismo nazionala, arrisku komunitatea eta inperio kosmopolita hain zuzen ere. Horretarako estatu gabeko nazioen inguruko literaturan oinarrituz bere lanean agerian geratzen den nazio eta nazionalismoaren ulerpena zalantzan jartzen ditut. Nire gerturapen kritikoak, hala, bere proposamen kosmopolitari ñabardura moral, politiko eta legalak egiten dizkio. Hau da, tesian egindako errepaso analitikoak bere azalpen kosmopolitan agerikoak diren bertuteak azpimarratzeaz gain, hura sendotze arren kritikoki argitu naiz zehaztu beharko liratekeen gabeziak nabarmentzen ditu. Tesiaren ekarpen garrantzitsuena eztabaida kosmopolita nagusiak estatu gabeko nazioen inguruko literaturak nazio eta nazionalismoaren inguruan eskaintzen dituen irakurketa sakonak bateratzea litzateke. Hortaz gain, Ulrich Becken proposameneko elementu zentralak sendotzea du helburu. Azkenik, tesiak Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegia eta Erresuma Batuaren arteko interakzioa naiz tentsioak aztertuko ditu, hain zuzen ere Becken proposamen kosmopolitak Giza Eskubideen babesa bezalako erronka transnazionalak bideratzeko balio ote duen frogatzeko.
[en] The organisation of an event results "paradigmatic" in the process of constructing territorial images, which are experienced in situ. The creation and consolidation of territorial images –tourist or not– by means of the events organisation puts forward a curious option to the traditional tourist promotion understood in the own strategy of the event itself. In this sense there is no doubt that the event, on its own, represents an important strategy for territorial promotion, but that is not all. It can also become a catalyst of images and imaginaries capable of establishing a brand name of a city. This article will show the possibilities that the events organisation allow in reference to the positioning of the identity and promotion of a territory.

[eu] Gertakizun baten antolaketa paradigmatikoa da in situ bizi izandako lurraldeirudien eraikuntza-prozesuan. Parte-hartzaileen imaginario kolektiboan finkatzeko helburuaz antolatutako gertakizunak direla eta, fabrikatutako lurralde-irudiek – turistikoak zein bestelakoak– sustapen turistikorako alternatiba bitxia planteatzen dute, gertakizunaren kudeaketa-estrategian bertan dagoena. Izan ere, gertakizunak, berez, lurraldearen sustapenerako estrategia garrantzitsua adierazten du; are gehiago, irudien katalizatzaile ere bihur daiteke, eta bere osotasunean hiri-marka bat finkatzeko gai diren imaginarioak sor ditzake. Artikulu honetan, identitate-posizionamenduari eta lurralde-sustapenari dagokienean, gertakizun baten antolaketak eskeintzen dituen aukerak ezagutarazten dira.
[en] Distinguishing between restitution, chaos and quest narratives (Frank, 1995), this paper analyses which narratives prevail in 7 blogs written by women with breast cancer. The most present narrative is the restitution, in which patients turn to medicine with the aim of recovering their previous status. There are also examples of the quest narrative, when illness is seen as a challenge and visibility of the wounded body is claimed. The absence of chaos narrative confirms the cultural difficulty to acknowledge the negative aspects of illness.

[eu] Artikulu honek bularreko minbizia duten zazpi emakumeren blogak aztertzen ditu haien testu eta irudietan gaixotasunari buruzko zein narratiba (Frank, 1995) nagusitzen den jakiteko. Gehienetan ageri den narratiba mota itzultze-narratiba da, zeinetan eriek medikuntzara jotzen baitute gaixotu aurreko egoerara itzultzeko. Blogetan bilatze elementuak ere badaude. Horietan erronka moduan azaltzen da gaitza eta minbiziak gorputzean uzten duen arrastoa erakusten da. Kaosaren teoriaren ausentziak baieztatu egiten du gaixotasunaren alderdi negatiboak onartzeko zailtasuna.
[en] Information is provided about the distribution of 55 species of Cantharidae from Spain, based on data obtained from the collections examined and from the study of bibliographic sources. Distribution maps in Spain of the treated species are provided.

[eu] Cantharidae-ren 55 espezieren Espainiako banaketari buruzko informazioa ematen da, aztertutako bildumak eta kontsultaturiko bibliografia oinarritzat hartuta. Espezie horietako bakoitzaren Espainiako banaketaren mapa eskaintzen da.
[en] Information is provided about the distribution in Spain of 41 species of Cantharinae (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), based on data obtained from the collections examined and from the study of bibliographic sources.

[eu] 41 Cantharinae espezieren (Coleoptera: Cantharidae) Espainiako banaketari buruzko informazioa ematen da, aztertutako bildumak eta kontsultatutako bibliografia ikertu ondoren.
[en] During the Old Regime, there was a prominent interest on the part of the religious authorities to control popular morality. Among those deviant behaviors, sinful sexual practices stand out, such as nefarious sin. To achieve this ambitious purpose they used different ways thanks to the possibilities offered by the printing press. The moralizing printed matter, where the confessors manuals were included, sought to indoctrinate and correct these attitudes. Thus, the objective of this study is to review the different manuals that were published between the 16th and 18th centuries in the Iberian Peninsula to censor sodomy and bestiality.

[eu] Antzinako Erregimenean, agintari erlijiosoei interes berezia piztu zitzaien jendearen morala kontrolatzeko. Jokabide desbideratuetan nabarmenenak bekatuzko praktika sexualak ziren, hala nola bekatu higuingarria. Helburu anbiziotsu hori erdiesteko, bide bat baino gehiago erabili zituzten inprentak eskaintzen zizkien aukerez baliatuz. Horietako bat inprimaki diziplinatzaileak ziren, besteak beste aitor-entzuleen eskuliburuak, jendea doktrinatzeko eta jokabide bekatuzkoak zuzentzeko balio zutenak. Ikerlan honen xedea da sodomia eta bestialismoa zentsuratzearren XVI. mendetik XVIII.era Iberiar penintsulan argitaratu ziren eskuliburuak berrikustea.
[en] With its recent ruling from June 8th 2018, the Second Chamber of the Supreme Court did not consider itself competent to annul contracts vitiated by corruption, departing from the practice hitherto followed by judges and criminal courts. In order to overcome this state of affairs, this work aims at the possibility of annulling those contracts through the institution of forfeiture

[eu] Ustelkeriagatik akastun diren kontratu publikoak deuseztatzeko eskumengabe deklaratzean, Espainiako Auzitegi Gorenaren Bigarren Salak 2018ko ekainaren 8an eman berri duen epaia aldendu egiten da orain arte epaiek eta zigor-auzitegiek jarraitutako bidetik. Horrelako egoerak gainditzeko, lan honek konfiskazioaren figura aurreikusten du horrelako kontratuak deuseztatzeko