BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Debate on research ethics has gained increased interest in recent years in anthropology. Over the last few decades, this concern has been institutionally shaped by two main mechanisms: codes and committees of ethics which have been criticized for making ethics a legalistic domain. In this context, and taking into account the emerging debate developed in Spain, this article suggests viewing research ethics as an epistemic space whose main objective is to explore the legitimate modes of knowledge production. Research ethics should be oriented towards unveiling certain values and how they should be preserved in the research practice. This shift offers some opportunities to innovate the institutional forms of research ethics.

[eu] Ikerketa-etikari buruzko hausnarketak gero eta interes handiagoa piztu du azken urteotan antropologian. Hamarkada hauetan, bi mekanismo nagusiren bidez iritsi da kezka hori erakundeetara: etika lege-gai bihurtzeagatik kritikatu diren batzorde eta kode etikoen bidez. Testuinguru horretan eta Espainian sortu berri den eztabaida kontuan hartuta, ikerketa-etika espazio epistemiko moduan hartzea proposatzen du artikulu honek, legezko ezagutza sortzeko moduak aztertzeko espazio gisa. Beraz, besteen balioak ezagutarazteko eta horiek nola babestu erakusteko erabili behar da ikerketa-etika. Ikerketa-etikaren forma instituzionalak berritzeko aukera zabaltzen du horrek.
[en] In this paper we analyze, first, the general characteristics of the Spanish development model of the last thirty years as part of its role in the process of global accumulation of capital. Secondly we discover, from the analysis of the changes in production in a paradigmatic sector (the software industry). We describe how the production model has been shaped through organizational and commercial corporate strategies. Thirdly we analyze the possibilities for a future development in the new global economic framework, choosing a perspective different from corporate rentability strategies.

[eu] Artikulu honetan aztertzen dira, batetik, azken hogeita hamar urteetako espainiar garapenaren ezaugarri orokorrak handitutako kapitalaren metaketa prozesuan era globalean bete duen papera aintzat hartuz. Bestetik, honako hau deskubritu dugu: arlo paradigmatiko batean (software-aren industrian) jasandako produkzio aldaketen analisitik abiatuz, produkzio eredu hori nola konfiguratu den antolaketaeta merkatu-estrategien bidez. Hirugarrenik, ekonomiaren marko berrian etorkizunari begira garapen aukerak aztertzen ditugu, enpresa-errentagarritasun estrategien beste norabide batetik abiatuz
[en] The contribution of the European Court of Justice has pushed the entire scope of abstract rights, and of safeguarding these rights in specific cases, to the very limit. In conjunction with the judicial task, which was and still remains important, the widespread enforcement of such rights has been in line with the legislative policy of the EU, as a consequence of the law-making drive of the European Commission to systematize judicial contributions and codify them into rules of secondary legislation (mainly Directives) in order to introduce these judicial contributions into domestic law by their transposition, thereby multiplying and facilitating their full enforcement for a wide number of beneficiaries. However, some problems have emerged in connection with the trend towards off-shoring and globalization, which have led to the conclusion that in certain cases the freedom of provision of services and the freedom of enterprise are to prevail over social rights. Historicallyspeaking, the contribution made by the European Court of Justice to the exercise of social and economic rights shows a very positive balance for the Court.

[eu] Europar Batasuneko Justizia Auzitegiaren ekarpenak bere azken ondorioetaraino eraman du eskubide abstraktuen irismen guztia eta kasu konkretuan hauek babesteko bermea. Garrantzitsua izan den eta, oraindik, den lan judizialarekin batera, eskubideen gauzatze zabala EBaren legegintza politikari zor zaio, Batzorde Europarraren ekimen legegilearen eskariz, ekarpen judizialak sistematizatu eta Zuzenbide eratorriko arauetan kodetu baitira, eta transposizioaren bitartez ekarpen judizial horiek barne araudietan barneratu, hartzaile kopuru zabal batentzat hauen gauzatzea biderkatuz eta erraztuz. Nolanahi ere, itzal batzuk sortu dira, deslokalizazio eta globalizazio haizeekin batera, onartzera iritsiz, zenbait kasutan, zerbitzuak emateko askatasuna eta establezimendu askatasuna gailendu egiten direla eskubide sozialen ondoan. Perspektiba historikotik, azken balantzea eginez gero EB-eko Justizia Auzitegiak eskubide sozial eta ekonomikoen gozamenari eginiko ekarpenari dagokionez, hau argi eta garbi positiboa izango litzakete.
[en] The main aim of this study is to present some of the changes that the conception and representation of kinship are undergoing due to the emerging use of assisted human reproduction techniques with donor, based on the information obtained from ethnographic research that has been carried out in Spain. The results of our research, which show variability depending on the family model, demonstrate that changes in the culture of kinship (conception of maternity/paternity, of biogenetic links, of donors, etc.) are not a prerequisite for the decision to use assisted sexual reproduction techniques with donor, but rather the product of the experience and insight of the women who are going through these processes (through associations, online chat groups, groups of friends). From this point of view, the existence of legal and institutional regulations plays an important role in transforming the culture of kinship, insofar as it opens up a wider range of experiences

[eu] Artikulu honen helburua da LBUT-Een (Laguntza bidezko ugalketa teknikak, emailearekin) erabileraren ondorioz ahaidetasunaren ikuskeran eta irudikapenean gertatzen ari diren aldaketa batzuk aurkeztea Espainian egiten ari garen ikerketa etnografikoan oinarrituta. Familia ereduaren araberako desberdintasunak badaude ere, gure emaitzek erakusten dutenez, ahaidetasun kultura aldatzea (amatasunaren/aitatasunaren ikuskera, lotura biogenetikoena, emaileena…) ez da LBUT-Eetara jo aurretik behar den baldintza, baizik eta teknika horiek erabiltzearen ondorioz eta prozesu bera bizi duten beste emakume batzuekin hausnartzearen ondorioz sortzen den zerbait (elkarteen, interneteko foroen eta lagun taldeen bidez). Ikuspuntu horretatik, tresna legal eta instituzionalek eragin nabarmena daukate ahaidetasun kulturaren eraldaketan, esperientzia horiei bidea zabaltzen baitiete
[en] In this article we construct a ranking of the quality of Spanish Public Universities. Therefore we have developed a methodology that avoids subjective decisions, for example, the ad hoc assignment –some times deliberately– of the weight of each sub-index to calculate the general index that allows fine tuning for certain desired results. In this study a quality index for education and one for research of universities was created. Initially more than 100 variables were gathered. A Factor Analysis was applied to synthesise these variables in a few hypothetical non-observable indicators (factors). Each of them was used as a sub index. The quality index of education consists of 5 sub-indexes (based 18 variables). Also the quality index of the research activities consists of 5 sub-indexes, although in this case based on 14 variables. The global ranking of the quality of universities reflects the simple it is average of both indexes.

[eu] Artikulu honetan Espainiako unibertsitate publikoen balioespen bat prestatu dugu. Horretarako, erabaki subjektiboak saihesten dituen metodo bat garatu dugu, hala nola, adibidez, indize orokorra kalkulatzeko bigarren mailako adierazleen ponderazioak ad hoc egoztea —batzuetan nahita hala egoztea—. Kasu honetan, irakaskuntzaren kalitate-indize bat eta ikerkuntzaren kalitate-indize bat sortu ditugu, eta haien batez besteko soilak antolaketa orokorra eman du. Hasiera batean 100 aldagaitik gora jaso ziren, eta haiei faktore-analisi bat aplikatu zaie, 10 bat adierazle hipotetikotan (faktoreak) sintetizatzeko, haietako bakoitzak analisian lortu duen bariantzaren ondorio den ponderazio egokiarekin. Irakaskuntzaren kalitate-indizeak 18 aldagaitan oinarritutako 5 faktore edo azpiindize dauzka; ikerkuntzako rankinga, berriz, 14 aldagaitan oinarritutako 5 faktorez osatzen da.
[en] There are currently more than two hundred international framework agreements (IFAs) in place, signed between transnational businesses and international trade union federations. IFAs spread considerably at the beginning of the 21st century, when most of them were reached. In general, these agreements deal with compliance by the transnational companies in their value chain with the basic labour standards set by the ILO. However, it should be stressed that certain IFAs also include provisions about employment, pay, working hours, industrial health and safety and training, bringing them closer to a labour agreement. Nevertheless, they are not international collective agreements, as they have no regulatory framework. Trade union organisations have adopted IFAs as imperfect, incomplete forms of tools for transnational collective bargaining and industrial relations, as a key part of smoothing the way and establishing the basis for their eventual institutionalisation and minimal regulation of the labour market at international level. Meanwhile, companies do not see them as the result of an industrial relations exercise and confine them to the sphere of corporate social responsibility, together with ethical codes. At the same time there is a certain amount of controversy over them among jurists and experts in the field, though most label them as standards for corporate social responsibility.

[eu] Gaur egun enpresa transnazionalen eta nazioarteko sindikatu-federazioen artean sinatutako Nazioarteko berrehun baino Akordio-Marko gehiago daude. Akordio horiek XXI. mendearen hasierako urteetan ugaritu ziren nagusiki, orduan egin baitziren gehienak. Oro har, Akordio horien helburua enpresa transnazionalek, euren balore katean, Lanaren Nazioarteko Erakundeak zehaztutako oinarrizko arauak betetzeaz arduratzen dira. Hala ere, zenbait Akordiok enplegu, soldata, lanaldia, osasuna eta segurtasuna edo heziketari buruzko xedapenak ere jasotzen dituzte, eta horrek gehiago hurbiltzen ditu hitzarmen kolektiboetara. Edonola, ez dira nazioarteko hitzarmen kolektiboak, ez baitute marko arautzailerik. Sindikatuek Akordioak negoziazio kolektibo eta lan harreman transnazionalerako baliabide burutugabe gisa onartu dituzte, eta beharbadako instituzionalizaziorako bidea errazteko eta oinarriak ezartzeko eta lan-merkatuak nazioartean gutxieneko arauketarako gako gisa. Bitartean, enpresek ez dituzte lan harremanen egikaritzaren emaitza gisa hartzen eta, kode etikoekin batera, enpresen gizarte erantzukizunaren eremura mugatzen dituzte. Bestalde, juristen eta jakitunen arteko nolabaiteko polemika dago, nahiz eta gehiengoek enpresaren gizarte erantzukizun gisa etiketatzen dituzten.
[en] ABSTRACT : Ángel Urrutia's work, from the late 70's until his death, was recognized in some Latin American countries. The channels used to get in contact with Latin American poets and publishers are, mainly, the reading of some of the most prestigious bards of the Latin American twentieth century, the creation of an intellectual network through the magazine Río Arga and the publication of some of his poems in Latin American anthologies. This article analyzes and relates these three factors using the materials that Urrutia himself left behind to vindicate his name within the Latin American poetic sphere.

[eu] LABURPENA : Ángel Urrutiaren lanak, 70eko hamarkadaren bukaeratik hil zen arte, aintzatespena izan zuen Hispanoamerikako zenbait herrialdetan. Hispanoamerikako poetekin eta editoreekin harremanetan jartzeko, batez ere, XX. mendeko olerkaririk entzutetsuenetako batzuk irakurtzen zituen, sare intelektual bat sortu zuen Río Arga aldizkariaren bidez, eta bere poema batzuk Hispanoamerikako antologietan argitaratu ziren. Artikulu honetan hiru faktore horiek aztertzen eta lotzen dira, eta zenbait material baliatzen dira horietarako, Urrutiak berak utzitakoak bere izena Hispanoamerikako eremu poetikoan nabarmentzeko.
[en] In this paper we want to address the need to take on board the advantages of artificial intelligence in the administrative procedure, while adopting the necessary precautions for the protection of the rights of the persons involved in the procedure and the public interest. Specifically, we start with some brief preliminary considerations on the subject of AI, and after a reference to the current legal regime, we will look at the administrative procedure: the need to articulate the necessary guarantees, in particular, human supervision, in order to minimize the risks that the use of algorithms and AI may entail, and the possibility of using them in the administrative procedure. The ultimate control of the respect of these safeguards will be a matter for the courts.

[eu] Lan honetan azaltzen dugu administrazio-prozeduran adimen artifizialaren abantailak sartu behar direla, baina, betiere, prozeduran interesa duten pertsonen eskubideak eta interes publikoa babesteko behar den zuhurtziaz. Zehazki, Adimen Artifizialari buruzko aurretiazko gogoeta labur batzuk hartu ditugu abiapuntutzat, eta indarrean dagoen araubide juridikoari erreferentzia egin ondoren, administrazio-prozedurari erreparatu diogu: beharrezko berme batzuk ezarri behar dira, hau da, gizakien ikuskapena, algoritmoak eta AA erabiltzeak ekar ditzakeen arriskuak minimizatzeko eta horiek administrazio-prozeduran erabiltzeko aukera aztertzeko. Berme horiek errespetatzen direla zainduko dute jurisdikzio-organoek.
[en] Ay! Motherhood is the most beautiful event in a woman's life!" This is one of the commonest expressions that can be heard when a woman is pregnant. These expressions are articulated by family, relatives as well as by health professionals. They mirror hegemonic socio-cultural understandings about motherhood. They act as a mechanism of socialization that dictates how women should feel and define which emotions are appropriate to make sense of their experiences. This paper is based on our PhD projects and it examines the multiple ways in which women experience motherhood. We reflect on how some emotional experiences diverge from prescribed cultural norms and assumptions about motherhood, by doing so women are advocating for alternative models of motherhood.

[eu] Ene! Ama izatea da emakume izatearen gauzarik politena!" da haurdun dagoen emakume baten aurrean sarrien entzuten dena. Senide eta lagunei ez ezik, prozesu horretan laguntzaile diren osasun arloko langileei ere entzuten zaie. Amatasunaren inguruko ikuspegi soziokultural nagusiak islatzen dituzte, eta beren esperientziei zentzua emateko emakumeek erakutsi, bizi eta erabili behar dituzten emozioen inguruan orientatzeko sozializazio-mekanismoak dira. Gure ikerketetan, emakumeen emozio askotarikoak erakusten dituzten egoerak bildu ditugu, eta beste esanahi batzuk ematen dizkiete horietako batzuek amatasunari eta horrek emakumeen bizitzan duen funtzioari.
[en] The General Data Protection Regulation requires that the personal data must be processed lawfully, fairly and in a transparent manner. Precisely, this last principle is of special relevance during the collection, use, and transfer of the citizens' data. This paper critically addresses the analysis of one of its projections: the duty to inform. To do this, we examine its legal framework, paying particular attention to the various problems arising from its exemptions, which will allow the data controller to be exempt from his or her ob ligation. We have identified different problems that would need to be solved by the development of new regulations and from the implementation of appropri ate measures in order to protect the legitimate interests of the data subjec ts. It is mandatory to provide a minimum degree of transparency during the process ing to allow the citizens to control the use of their data after exchanges of information with other EU administrations.

[eu] Europar Batasuneko Datuak Babesteko Erregelamendu Orokorrak informazioa modu zilegi, zintzo eta gardenean tratatzea eskatzen du. Hain zuzen ere, azken printzipio horrek garrantzi handia d auka herritarren datuak eremu publikoan eskuratzeko, erabiltzeko eta lagatzeko or duan. Lan honek kritikoki jorratzen du printzipio horren proiekzioetako baten a nalisia: informatzeko betebeharrarena, alegia. Horretarako, esparru juridikoa aztertu dugu, arreta berezia jarriz erregelamendutik salbuesteko kasuek dakartza ten askotariko arazoei; izan ere, kasu horiek bere betebeharretik askatzen dute datuak tratatzeko arduraduna. Hainbat arazo hauteman ditugu, eta, horiek konpontz eko, arau berriak garatu eta interesdunaren bidezko interesak babesteko neurri e gokiak ezarri beharko dira. Gutxieneko gardentasun-maila agertu behar da tratam enduetan, zergapekoek beren datuen erabilera kontrolatu dezaten EBko best e administrazio batzuekin informazioa trukatu ondoren.
[en] This article relies on two research projects conducted in the European Union and Spain from 2004 to 2011 in order to analyse the field of Corporate Social Responsibility that has arisen in certain European countries in the last decades. The debate and initiatives on this matter have taken on increasing importance in the different member states of the European Union in the past years, after the United Nations called for Social Responsibility of transnational corporations with The Global Compact in 2000 and the European Commission published the Green Paper Promoting a European framework for corporate social responsibility in 2001. This article analyzes the context of the emergence of this kind of initiatives and the stakeholder theory, which we frame in the neoliberal political and economic project.

[eu] Artikulu honen oinarrian 2004tik 2011ra arte, azken hamarkadetan zenbait Estatutan sortutako Enpresa Gizarte Erantzukizunaren eremuan Europar Batasunean eta Espainian egindako bi ikerkuntza lan daude. Nazio Batuen Erakundeak 2000an Mundu-Ituna testuarekin Enpresa transnazionalen Gizarte Erantzukizunaren aldeko deialdia luzatu zuenetik, eta Europar Batzordeak 2001ean Enpresen gizarte erantzukizunerako europar markoa sustatzeko Liburu Berdea argitaratzearen ondorioz, gai horrekiko eztabaida eta ekimenek indarra hartu dute azken urteotan. Artikuluan gizarte erantzuleen aldeko ekimenak sortu diren testuingurua aztertzen da, bai eta stakeholders-en teoria ere. Horiek guztiak proiektu politiko eta ekonomiko neoliberal batean kokatzen dira.
[en] Is it still appropriate nowadays to maintain the notion of development as the foundation or main reference for cooperation policies? The final objective of this paper sets out to answer this question by proposing a different orientation of cooperation towards the objective of global coexistence. This implies, beyond a mere formal or nominal change, a new concept of cooperation and international solidarity. This new concept stems from two main concerns: on the one hand, the profound changes experienced in the characteristics and nature of what have come to be called "development problems"; and, on the other hand, the crisis of the very notion of development, which has been subjected to strong tensions, criticisms and interpretations over the last few decades. For this purpose, the paper adopts a historical perspective, which allows us to review the different debates that have arisen over the idea of development and their impact on the conceptualisation and practice of cooperation. In the final section, an outline of what cooperation for global coexistence could look like is proposed. This proposal asks us to completely rethink our approach in order to confront a new historic cycle for international cooperation.

[eu] Erabilgarria al da oraindik garapenaren kontzeptua oinarri edo erreferentzi nagusi bezala mantentzea lankidetzako politiketan? Galdera honi erantzutea da testu honen azken helburua. Izan ere, lankidetzaren beste orientazio baten alde egiten da, bizikidetza globalaren helburuarekin, eta horrek, aldaketa formal edo nominal hutsetik harago, nazioarteko lankidetza eta elkartasunaren ikuskera berri bat dakar. Honek guztiak bi elementu nagusirekin du zerikusia: alde batetik, "garapenaren arazoak" deitutakoen naturan eta ezaugarrietan izandako aldaketa sakonak; eta, bestetik, garapenaren kontzeptu beraren krisia, azken hamarkadetan tentsio, kritika eta interpretazio handiak jasan dituena. Horretarako, lanak ikuspegi historikoa hartzen du, garapenaren ideiari buruz sortutako eztabaidak eta horiek lankidetzaren kontzeptualizazioan eta praktikan izan duten eragina behatzeko aukera ematen duena. Koadernoaren azken atalean, bizikidetza globalerako lankidetza zer izan litekeen azaltzen da. Proposamen honek berrikuntza sakon baten premian jartzen gaitu, nazioarteko lankidetzarako ziklo historiko berri bati aurre egin ahal izateko.
[en] The participation of the Diploma in Labour Relations of the University of Huelva in the pilot experience for the introduction of the ECTS from the 2004/05 year onwards has brought about a change in the mentality and teaching practices of the staff involved. In this study, we offer a retrospective view of the evolution that the model has undergone, a model which we, as teachers, have applied since that time. The drawing up of the teaching guides defining the learning objectives in terms of skills, the use of the new information technologies and knowledge as tools for encouraging self-learning, the work in teaching teams and the development of skills of a transversal nature have been the most significant achievements in the process. We also include the pupil's perception of the pilot experience and the evolution of the academic results obtained in the different subjects involved.

[eu] 2004/05 ikasturtean ECTS kredituak ezartzeko esperientzia pilotuan Huelvako Unibertsitatearen Lan Harremanen Diplomaturak izandako parte-hartzeak aldaketak eragin ditu esku hartutako irakasleen pentsamoldeari eta irakaskuntza-praktikei dagokienez. Halaber, irakasle garen aldetik, une hartatik lan horretan aplikatutako ereduaren bilakaeraren atzera begirako ikuspegia eskaini dugu. Ikaskuntza-xedeak eskumen gisa definitutako irakaskuntza-gidak egitea, informazioaren eta ezagutzaren teknologia berriak autoikaskuntzaren mesederako erabiltzea, lana irakasle-taldeetan egitea eta zeharkako eskumenak garatzea dira, hain zuzen, prozesuan gehien nabarmendu diren gertaera garrantzitsuenak. Horrez gain, ikasleak esperientzia pilotuaren inguruan izandako hautematea eta irakasgai ezberdinetan eskuratutako ikasketa-emaitzak kontuan izan ditugu.
[en] In recent years there has been, both in the media and historiography, a renewed interest in the Islamic notion of jihad. This has caused a certain vulgarization of the concept which has sometimes led to significant distortions. This paper analyzes the legal and doctrinal essence of jihad in classical Arabic sources taking as a starting point the stipulations in the Qur'an and the norms in the prophetic tradition. It also takes into account the opinions launched by the most distinguished Islamic jurists from the 8th to the 13th centuries.

[eu] Azkenaldian, yihad kontzeptu islamiarrari buruzko interesa berritu da hedabideetan eta historiagrafian. Berritze horrek yihadaren beraren arruntasuna ekarri du, eta kasu batzuetan, bai eta eraldatze sendoak ere. Artikulu honetan, yihadaren doktrina-oinarri eta oinarri juridiko nagusiak aztertzen dira arabierako iturri klasikoetan, batik bat, hitzarmen koranikoetatik eta tradizio profetikoaren arauetatik abiatuta, bai eta VIII. mendetik XIII. mendera bitarteko ulema ospetsuenen iritzietatik abiatuta ere.