BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] The aim of this document is to describe the mechanical analysis and manufacturing process of a four-stroke internal combustion engine connecting rod. First of all, it is necessary to select the material of the connecting rod and its main manufacturing process. Next, using AutoCad, a 3D model of the connecting rod will be done. With this model and the selected material, the component will be analysed using a finite element software: ANSYS Workbench. Analysing stress, deformation and fatigue behaviour the validity of the design can be verified. Eventually, the machining process is studied to obtain an operation process sheet. To achieve it, it will be decided which operations will be made and which tools will be used.

[eu] Dokumentu honen helburua lau aldiko barne-errekuntzako motor baten bielen analisi mekanikoa eta fabrikazio prosezua aurkeztea da. Lehenik eta behin, zer material erabiliko den eta zein izango den fabrikazio prosezu nagusia erabakiko da alternativa analisi baten bidez. Ondoren, bielaren 3D modeloa egingo da AutoCad software-ra erabiliz. Behin modelua eginda eta zein material erabiliko den jakinda, analisi mekaniko egingo da elementu finituko software baten bidez: ANSYS Workbench. Software hau tentsioak, deformazioak eta fatiga portaera aztertzeko herremintak emango ditu. Proiektuaren azken etapan bielaren mekanizazio prosezua analizatuko da prosezu orri bat egiteko helburuarekin. Horretarako zer operazio egin behar diren eta zehin herreminta erabiliko diren aukeratuko da.
[en] As different electoral and political processes have been showing to us, the European Social Democracy is in deep crisis. Being this the most important topic of this work, our aim is going to be to analyse and find reasons in order to explain that crisis. We are going to introduce into four European countries; two of those are located in the North of Europe (Germany and Great Britain) and the other two in the South of Europe (Spain and Greece). So, firstly, we are going to focus into what we call "this bad health", by analysing election results and political dynamics in our four countries. Secondly, we will try to figure out reasons that lead political parties to this situation of weakness, taking into account their past. In all of this, different processes and characteristics (both national and international) are extremely important.

[eu] Europako sozialdemokrazia, eman diren prozesu politiko eta elektoral desberdinek adierazten diguten moduan, krisi garrantzitsu batean dago. Hau gure lanaren gai nagusia izanik, gure helburua krisi honen kausak aurkitzea eta aztertzea izango da. Horretarako, Europako lau herrialde aukeratu ditugu; iparraldeko bi, Alemania eta Britainia Handia eta hegoaldean kokatzen diren beste bi, Espainia eta Grezia. Horrela, hasiera batean krisi hori praktikara eramango dugu, hauteskunde emaitzen eta herrialde bakoitzean gertatu diren dinamika politikoen analisiaren bidez. Geroago, sozialdemokraziari ahultasunezko egoera horretara zerk eraman duen argitzen saiatuko gara, non gertakari eta ezaugarri propioak, estatu mailakoak eta internazionalak pisu handia izango duten.
[en] The role of motivation in the teaching-learning process is crucial. The aim of this re-search work has been analysing motivational practices observed in a specific classroom of primary education. Prior to the observation, the student is asked to value their degree of motivation toward the different areas, with the exception of physical education. The observation was carried out with the help of a few indicators that make possible to de-limit the object of study. A total of thirteen motivational practices were detected. Curi-ously, it was in the less motivating subjects valued by the students where more motiva-tional practices were detected.

[eu] Motibazioaren papera ikaskuntza-irakaskuntza prozesuan erabakigarria da. Ikerketa lan honen helburua da lehen hezkuntzako gela konkretu batean ikusitako motibaziozko praktikak aztertzea. Behaketa egin baino lehen, ikasleei ikasgai desberdinen motibazio-maila baloratzeko eskatu zitzaien, gorputz-hezkuntzako ikasgaia izan ezik. Behaketa adierazle batzuen laguntzaz egin zen, zeinek ikerketaren objektua mugatzeko aukera eman zuten. Guztira motibaziozko hamahiru praktika antzeman ziren. Jakinguraz, moti-baziozko praktiken gehiengoa, ikasleentzako motibazio gutxiko diren ikasgaietan an-tzeman ziren.
[en] The purpose of this project is to program and design an easy to handle and an interactive graphical user interface (GUI) to represent and calculate the responses of different mechatronic drives. For this, it will be using the following three mechatronic systems with 1 or 2 degree of freedom: linear motors, torque motors and ball screws. This programming and design of the user interface will be made with MatLab, a program with a high level technical computing language and an interactive environment for algorithm development and visualization and analysis of both data and graphics. Once the program is finished, the engineer will be able to pre display, calculate and to keep an eye on system responses in order to cheapen possible initial costs of erroneous designs.

[eu] Proiektu honen helburua tresna makina mekatroniko ezberdinen erantzunak kalkulatzeko eta adierazteko erreza eta intuitiboa den erabiltzaile interfaze grafiko baten programazioa eta diseinua burutzea da. Horretarako, ondorengo hiru sistema mekatronikoen 1 edo 2 askatasun graduko modeloak erabiliko dira: Motor lineala, momentu motorra edo "torque motor" eta boladun torlojua. Aipatutako programazio eta diseinua MatLab-ekin burutuko da, maila handiko kalkulu lengoai teknikoa duen eta ingurune interaktibo zabala barneratzen duen programa, grafiko zein datuen eta algoritmoen irudikapenerako eta analisirako aproposa. Behin programazioa eginda dagoela, sistema hauen erantzunak aurreikusi, kalkulatu eta kudeatu ahal izango ditu ingeniariak behin behineko diseinuen akatsek sortarazten dituzten kostuak murrizteko asmoz.
[en] Abstract. The system which has been designed in this project consists of two nodes. These two nodes can communicate between themselves by using the ZigBee wireless network protocol (IEEE 802.15.4 standard). One of them, which is located in the room to be controlled, uses a sensor in order to measure temperature periodically. Collected data is transmitted steadily to the other node. This second one can be located elsewhere in the house. It has an LCD screen which allows the user to check the temperature, as well as to regulate it at his/her will. Actually, the setpoint temperature can be established by using a pair of available buttons. Thus, as soon as the room's temperature exceeds the setpoint, a fan is started, and it does not cease its activity until temperature falls below the level set by the user. A PI control loop has likewise been used in the system. The loop helps the fan keep an appropriate speed at all times, so that it ensures a great energy saving.

[eu] Laburpena. Proiektu honetan garatutako sistema bi nodoz osatuta dago, euren arteko komunikazioa haririk gabeko sareentzako ZigBee (IEEE 802.15.4 estandarra) protokoloaren bidez gauzatzen delarik. Nodoetako bat kontrolatu nahi den gelan aurkitzen da, non tenperatura sentsore baten bitartez laginketa periodikoa egiten den. Era berean, tenperaturari buruzko informazio hori beste nodora helarazten da uneoro. Erabiltzaileak bertan kokatutako LCD pantaila batean gelako tenperatura kontsulta dezake, baita gelan nahi duen tenperatura nahierara ere ezarri. Honetarako, eskuragarri dituen bi botoiren bidez kontsigna tenperatura zehatz bat finkatzeko aukera dauka. Gelako tenperaturak kontsigna gainditzerakoan, alegia; gelan dagoen haizagailu bat abian jartzen da, tenperatura onargarri bat lortu arte martxan diharduena. Beharrezkoa den energia baino gehiagorik xahutu ez dadin PI kontrola erabili da sisteman, haizagailuak horrela betiere abiadura egokia mantentzen du eta.
[en] This paper analyzes the exemption of the obligation to testify in article 416.1 of the Law of Criminal Procedure in the field of gender violence. Within the subjective scope of the waiver, women victims of gender violence have the right not to testify against their aggressor because of her affection towards him. Hence the problems that have arisen when interpreting and applying the dispensation regime. In fact, in the field of gender violence, the woman is usually the only witness to the events because those crimes normally occur in private. Therefore, the declaration of the woman is fundamental. Moreover, the fact that the woman avails herself of the waiver leads in many cases to the acquittal of the aggressor due to lack of evidence. At first, the dispensation regime was very broad and could be used without limitations or exceptions. Therefore, over the years there have been reform proposals to modify it. In fact, in 2021 the legal transformation of the dispensation took place, limiting its regime. However, gaps remain around the use of the waiver. For all the above, throughout this work we have been analyzing in depth the regime and evolution of the waiver, turning to jurisprudential and doctrinal opinions to understand and solve the problems posed by this procedural instrument in terms of gender violence.

[eu] Lan honetan aztertu dugu Prozedura Kriminalaren Legeko 416.1.artikuluaren deklaratzeko betebeharraren dispentsa genero-indarkeriaren eremuan. Dispentsaren eremu subjektiboaren barruan, genero- indarkeriaren biktima diren emakumeek eskubidea dute bere erasotzailearen aurka ez deklaratzeko, harekiko afektibitatea dela eta. Hori dela eta, hainbat arazo sortu izan dira dispentsaren erregimena interpretatzeko eta aplikatzeko orduan. Izan ere, genero-indarkeriaren eremuan, emakumea izan ohi da gertakarien lekuko bakarra, normalean intimitatean gertatzen diren delituak direlako. Beraz, emakumearen deklarazioa funtsezkoa da; are gehiago, emakumeak dispentsari heltzeak erasotzailearen absoluzioa eragiten du kasu askotan, froga faltagatik. Hasieran, dispentsaren erregimena oso zabala zen, mugarik eta salbuespenik gabe erabil zitekeelarik. Hori dela eta, urteetan zehar hura aldatzeko erreforma-proposamenak egon dira. Izan ere, 2021ean dispentsaren lege-eraldaketa eman zen, haren erregimena mugatuz. Hala ere, dispentsaren erabileraren inguruko hutsuneak daude oraindik. Azaldutako guztiagatik, lan honetan zehar, dispentsaren erregimena eta eboluzioa aztertu izan dugu sakonki, iritzi jurisprudentzialetan eta doktrinaletan murgilduz, tresna prozesal honek genero-indarkeria arloan dakartzan arazoak ulertzeko eta horiei konponbidea emateko.
[en] In the last decades the medical field has boosted the manufacture of new synthetic polymers that satisfy the demand of biodegradable materials in clinical applications. The aim of this project is copolymerizing dl,lactide (D,L-LA) with ethylene brassylate (EB) as a strategy to obtain a set of materials that improve the flexibility and ductility of polylactide maintaining the amorphous character of the poly (d, l-lactide). To get this various copolymers containing a 3 to 39% of EB were synthesized by ring opening polymerization and its chemical and physical properties were evaluated in comparison with the poly(d,l-lactide) ones. Those polymers with 5-12% of EB (which had a transition temperature above 25 °) proved to be the most interesting ones because of its high rate of degradation (5-6 times the corresponding homopolymer of PDLLA), its improved thermal stability and their attractive mechanical properties both room temperature (introduction of the material) and at 37°C, the human body temperature.

[eu] Zenbait erabilera klinikoek duten material biodegradagarrien eskaria asetzeko polimero sintetiko berrien fabrikazioa bultzatu du medikuntza eremuak azken hamarkadetan. Proiektu honek dl,lactida (D,L-LA) eta ethylene brassylate (EB) kopolimerizatzea du helburu, polilactiden malgutasuna eta harikortasuna hobetzen duten eta poli(d,l-lactida)-ren izaera amorfoa mantentzen duten materialak lortzeko estrategia gisa. Horretarako, eraztun irekiera bidezko polimerizazio bidez, EB-ko ehuneko ezberdinak (3-tik 39%-ra) zuten zenbait kopolimero sintetizatu ziren eta, ondoren, haien propietate fisiko zein kimikoak aztertu ziren poli(d,l-lactida)-rekin alderatuz. 5 eta 12% tarteko EB zuten kopolimeroek (25°C-tik gorako trantsizio tenperatura aurkeztu zutenak) interesgarrienak izan ziren beren degradazio abiadura handiagatik (PDLLA homopolimeroak baino 5-6 aldiz handiagoa), egonkortasun termiko hobetuagatik eta propietate mekaniko erakargarriengatik, giro tenperaturan (materialaren ezartzea) zein 37°C-tan (giza gorputzeko tenperatura).
[en] In the current research, performed at the facilities of Ihobe (Public Society of Environmental Management of the Basque Government), it is developed the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) of three models of vehicles with combustion engines for Iberdrola. Taking into account the different types of the existing vehicles, the market, and the environmental variable, we want to compare the environmental impact associated to different vehicles powered by combustion engines with greater weight in the market. With the intention of making an environmental comparison of the different models, the environmental aspects and impacts associated to them must be known. Therefore, the research is based on the collection and analysis of the inputs and outputs of the product and associated processes throughout its life cycle. Therefore, using SimaPro software and using the ReCiPe methodology, results that show the potential environmental impacts of each model are obtained, allowing us to know the environmental improvements achieved when comparing them. In addition, it is important to point out that the research is carried out by ensuring the compliance of the ISO 14040 and ISO 14044 ACV standards, in order to certify the veracity of the data. This research will try to determine the best alternative for clients looking for the most sustainable behavior from an environmental point of view. Likewise, it will be provided the necessary information to determine different solutions, allowing the use of ecodesign in future products.

[eu] Proiektu honetan, Ihoberen (Eusko Jaurlaritzaren Ingurumen Jarduketarako Sozietate Publikoa) instalazioetan egina izan dena, konbustiozko motordun hiru autoren Bizi Zikloaren Analisia (BZA) garatu da Iberdrolarentzat. Dauden auto mota ezberdinak eta ingurumenaren aldagaia kontuan izanik, salmentan dauden konbustiozko motorrez eraginda dabiltzan autoetatik ohikoenek ingurumenari egindako eragina aldaratuko da. Auto mota ezberdinen arteko ingurumen konparaketa egiteko asmotan, hauei lotutako ingurumen inpaktu eta aspektuak ezagutu behar dira. Beraz, analisi hau produktu bakoitzak bizi ziklo osoan zehar dituen sarrera eta irteeren bilketan datza. Horrela, SimaPro softwarea erabiliz eta ReCiPe metodologiaren bitartez lortuko dira auto mota bakoitzetik eratorritako ingurumen inpaktuak, lorturiko ingurumenari loturiko hobekuntzak ezagutuz konparatzerakoan. Beste alde batetik, ikasketa hau BZA-ren ISO 14040 eta ISO 14044 arauak betetzen direla ziurtatuz egingo da datuen egiatasuna bermatuz. II Bestalde, eroslearentzat aukerarik onena bilatuko da ingurumenaren ikuspuntutik jokamolde iraunkorrena zeinek duen bilatuz. Honekin batera, etorkizunean garatuko diren produktuetan ekodiseinua erabiltzeari konponbideak topatzeko asmotan beharrezkoa den informazioa batuko da.
[en] In modern wireless communication, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system plays an important role as it improves channel capacity, range and reliability without requiring any additional bandwidth or transmit power. This project presents a detailed analysis of capacity performance of MIMO systems under fading cases. Other variation parameters (frequency, modulation etc.) have been studied, which have helped to clarify how they affect the behavior of the system. First, a previous study has been carried out to determine what these variables are. From there, the performance (BER) of each system has been measured with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Afterwards, a data processing has been carried out as well as graphic representation of the results. The final analysis of the results shows that the performance of the system depends on the different parameters and variables that have been taken into account.

[eu] Haririk gabeko komunikazio modernoetan, MIMO (Multiple-input multiple-output) sistemek funtsezko zeregina dute, ez dutelako banda zabalera ez transmisio potentzia handiagorik behar kanalaren gaitasuna eta fidagarritasuna hobetzeko. Proiektu honek MIMO sistemen funtzionamendu azterketa zehatza aurkezten du, fading kasu ezberdinetarako. Beste parametro batzuk ere kontuan hartu dira (maiztasuna, modulazioa…), hauek sistemaren portaeran duten eragina aztertuz. Lehenik, parametro horiek zein diren zehazteko azterketa bat egin da. Hortik aurrera, sistema bakoitzaren errendimendua aztertu da (SNR) zarata seinale erlazioaren (SNR) arabera. Ondoren datuak prozesatu dira eta emaitzen irudikapen grafikoa egin da. Bukatzeko, emaitzen azken analisiaren arabera, sistemaren errendimendua, kontuan hartu diren parametro eta aldagaien araberakoa dela ondorioztatu da.
[en] In the actual society, the sexual and gender diversity becomes clearer every day. Despite this fact, there is an unarguable rejection towards this diversity. Therefore, the theoretic review of this matter was the primary task of this project. Furthermore, this essay also had the aim of creating a didactic proposal to allow the schools to work on this matter. A didactic intervention formed by nine activities divided in three blocks (the exploration phase, the knowledge phase and the normalization phase) was created with the purpose of creating empathy and tolerance towards the Trans community and also to normalize and see this diversity as something positive. The practical application of one of these activities was possible to realize, and the results are representative of the society we live in. During this process one of the strongest weapon to fight this situation will always be education.

[eu] Gaur egungo gizartean, egunetik egunera gero eta argiagoa eta nabarmenagoa da genero eta sexu aniztasuna. Hala ere, oraindik harekiko errefus handia dago. Horregatik, lan honen lehenengo helburua hizpide izango dugun gaiaren inguruko errebisio teorikoa egitea izan zen. Eskoletan lan egin ahal izateko proposamen didaktikoa sortzea ere izan zen lan honen xedea. Hiru blokeetan (esploratze fasean, ezagutza fasean eta normalizazio fasean) banatutako bederatzi jardueraz osatutako esku-hartze didaktiko bat sortu zen. Horren helburua ikasleengan kolektibo trans-arekiko enpatia eta tolerantzia sortzea eta positibotzat hartu beharko litzatekeen aniztasuna normalizatzea da. Jarduera horietako bat praktikara eraman ahal izan da eta bertatik lortutako emaitzak bizi garen gizartearen adierazgarri dira. Lan honetan zehar, hezkuntza egoera horri aurre egiteko arma boteretsuenetariko gisa hartuko da.
[en] Globalization entails a social model based on the values of ubiquity, virtuality and speed. In the penal order this gives us the need to face the criminal phenomenon created by trans-national criminal organizations, which do an evil use of communication and information technologies. We can emphasize, by its poisonous effects, the cyber-terrorism. This reflection, after defining cyber-terrorism, went all over normative proposals that want through the approximation to the legislation and the police and judicial cooperation between states, guarantee an adequate public response, exceeding the indisputable lack of resources of the territorial treatment of this specific criminality.

[eu] Globalizazioak, besteak beste, nonahitasun, birtualtasun eta bizkortasun baloreen inguruan garatutako gizarte eredua dakarkigu. Ordena penalean, guzti honek nazioarte mailako erakunde kriminalen –informazio eta komunikazio teknologien erabilera maltzurra egiten dutelarik– delitu egintzei aurre-egiteko beharra dakar. Guzti hauen artean ziber-terrorismoa nabarmenduko genuke, bere ondorioak guztiz pozointsuak direlako. Ondorengo hausnarketak, ziber-terrorismoa zehaztu eta gero, legerien hurbiltzearen bidez eta estatuen arteko lankidetza poliziala eta judiziala babesten duten proposamen normatiboen bidez, erantzun publiko egokia bermatu nahi du, era honetan kriminalitate berezi honen tratamendu lurraldetarraren hutsune nabarmena gaindituz.
[en] This work has been mainly based mainly on the collection of information on the subject to be exposed, the types of families in children's literature. Throughout the report, different types of books are analyzed that will help to see the impact that this topic has on society and to corroborate whether the evolution of children's literature is accompanied by the evolution of society. It is very important to make people aware of this new fact that accompanies us. Therefore, it has been decided to express different opinions from both subjective and objective perspectives. This work also aims to change the mindsets of readers regarding this topic. The wish was expressed that all types of families must be accepted. Care has also been taken to advise the reader on how to deal with conflict situations and to avoid future discrimination due to the fact that a child does not have a traditional family, the most common. This issue is somewhat contentious, since to know how to deal with this type of situation you also have to know how to accept new changes and new traditions.

[eu] Gradu amaierako lan hau, batez ere, azalduko den gaiari buruzko informazioa biltzean oinarritu da, hau da, familia-motak haur literaturan. Txostenean zehar, hainbat liburu mota aztertu dira, gai honek gizartean duen eragina aztertzen laguntzeko eta haur literaturaren bilakaerak gizartearen bilakaerarekin bat egiten duen egiaztatzeko. Era berean, garrantzitsua da pertsonak gurekin datorren gertaera berri horren inguruan kontzientziatzea. Horregatik, iritzi desberdinak ikuspegi subjektibo zein objektibotik jasotzea erabaki da. Irakurleek gai honi buruz dituzten pentsamoldeak aldatzea ere bada lan honen helburua. Izan ere, familia mota guztien onarpena ahalbidetu behar dela adierazi nahi izan da. Era berean, irakurleei egoera gatazkatsu horiei aurre egiteko kontuan hartu beharreko gakoak eman nahi izan zaizkie, etorkizunean diskriminaziorik gerta ez daitezen. Gai hau nahiko konplexua da, horrelako egoerei aurre egiten jakiteko ere aldaketa berriak eta tradizio berriak onartzen jakin behar da.
[en] The project included in this TFGGraduation Thesis is about the design of a shielded plant for industrial gammagraphy. In order to do this test a radiation shield is needed so it is not harmful to stay near the working room. To estimate the thickness of the wall needed the software NCNPX is to be used, as it is a leading tool in the study of radiation interaction with matter. Due radiation's invisible nature and it being unnoticable by natural means very strict use protocols and high security measures are necessary in order to avoid accidents or health problems.

[eu] Gradu bukaera lan honetan sartutako proiektua, gammagrafia industrialeko errealizaziorako blindatutako instalazio bateko diseinuari buruz da. Entsegua egiteko, erradiazioari era eraginkorrean aurre egiten dion ezkutua beharrezkoa izan da, kalte fisiologikoak gertutasunetan aurkitzen dituzten banako haiei saihesteko asmoz. Beharrezko lodiera kalkulatzeko, materiarekiko erradiazio interakzio ikerketarako, MCNPX-a softwarea erabiliko da. Medio naturalengatiko natura ikusezin eta detektaezinagatik, beharrezkoak dira erabilera-protokolo oso zorrotz batzuk eta segurtasun-neurri handiak osasun arazoak edo istripuak saihesteko asmoz.
[en] A reflection about the possible existence of Free Will and Liberty and Liberties is carried out. In order to do it, several philosophical standpoints that treated these controversy throughout the history are analysed pointing out at the different responses they gave in this respect.

[eu] Apeta askea, Askatasuna eta Askatasunen izate posileari buruzko gogoeta bat egiten da. Horretarako, historian zehar aipatutako eztabaida aztertu duten ikusmolde filosofijo ezberdinak ikertu egiten dira, gai honetaz emandako erantzun desberdinak azalduz.