BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Although the deployment of wireless systems is widespread, there are still sectors where they are not used due to their lack of reliability in comparison to wired systems. Sectors like industry or vehicle communications consider their environment hostile because the wireless signals suffer a lot of interferences. One of such environments is the railway sector, where wiring removal will allow more flexibility for both control and monitoring systems. This thesis analyzes wireless communications inside train cars, aiming at modelling their behavior and at proposing techniques to increase the reliability of the critical signals among train systems, wich can coexist with other lower priority systems. After proposing a novel model of an inside train wireless channel, a transmission system based on Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) has been proposed which theoretically promises higher capacities than traditional TDM or FDM. This capacity gain is used to provide higher reliability to critical data using Unequal Error Protection (UEP) while maintaining the same bit rate as equivalent TDM or FDM based systems. In the final part of the thesis, simulation results of the proposed LDM system are provided, combined with Alamouti space time coding and different coding rates. Multiantenna extensions of the proposed LDM schemes are also simulated, providing BER and throughput results. These results will be used to shed light about how to reduce BER of an inside train wireless communication system.

[eu] Haririk gabeko sistemak oso hedatuak dauden arren oraindik erabiltzen ez dituen sektoreak badaude ematen duten fidagarritasuna txikia delako kableatutako sistemekin alderatuz. Industria bezalako sektoreek edo ibilgailuetako komunikazioek lan egiten duten ingurua oso zaratatsua izaten da eta seinaleek interferentzia asko jasaten dituzte. Tesi honetan tren barruko haririk gabeko komunikazio kanala aztertzen da, bere portaera aztertu eta modelatzeko asmotan. Jakintza honekin zein teknika izan daitekeen erabilgarriak aztertuko da datuen fidagarritasuna handitzeko helburuarekin, lehentasun gutxiago duten sistemetan eragin txikiena izanik. Modeloa atera ondoren proposatu den transmisio sistema Layered Division Multiplexing (LDM) izan da, non azterketa teorikoek TDM edo FDM sistemek baino kapazitate gehiago dutela frogatzen dute. Kapazitate hau sistemaren datu kritikoei erredundantzia gehiago emateko erabiliko da Unequal Error Protection (UEP) erabiliz, TDM/FDM sistemetan bidaltzen den bit tasa kopurua mantenduz. Tesiaren azken partean, proposatutako LDM sistemaren simulazio emaitzak ematen dira, Alamouti espazio denbora kodifikazioarekin konbinatuak eta kodigo ratio desberdinekin. Antena anitzezko konfigurazioak ere simulatu dira BER eta throughput emaitzak lortuz. Emaitza hauek haririk gabeko tren barruko komunikazioetan BER-a nola gutxitu daitekeen jakiten lagunduko digute.
[en] The Erasmus+ students for the international Spring Programme have arrived at the Faculty of Humanities and Education. In the second semester in total there are 18 students coming from abroad at the Faculty; 16 of them (pictured) will do the Education Programme (Teacher Education International Programme Spring) and the remaining two the Communication one (Media and Communication International Programme).

[eu] Dagoeneko gure artean ditugu 2014-2015 ikasturteko bigarren lauhilekoan Humanitate eta Hezkuntza Zientzien Fakultatean ikasiko duten atzerriko Erasmus+ ikasleak. Udaberriko txanda honetan, guztira, 18 ikasle etorri dira; horietatik 16 Hezkuntza programara eta beste biak Komunikazio programara.
[en] The Faculty of Culinary Sciences of Mondragon Unibertsitatea - Basque Culinary Center receives the prize Cinco Días to business innovation 2013 linked to the university

[eu] Mondragon Unibertsitateko Gastronomia Zientzien Fakultateak - Basque Culinary Centerrek, unibertsitateari lotutako 2013ko Enpresa Berrikuntza saria jaso du
[en] Inclusive education, a philosophy which advocates ensuring quality and equity for all children has become a driving force in the education movement due to diversity inside school rooms. This article presents the process and results of a research project that endeavours to contribute to the promotion of inclusive educational processes by collecting the voices of protagonists, until now silenced in the system. The aim was to involve the participation of all the students of a primary school in Gipuzkoa to know the feelings and experiences they have in school from an inclusive perspective. For those purpose questionnaires, special techniques for giving a voice to students and focus groups have been used as data collection tools. The results of the study indicate that the students as a whole, contribute interesting ideas related to the culture, practice and politics of the school and identify obstacles concerning participation and learning processes. This study confirms the need to listen to the voices of the protagonists to design measures and strategies that facilitate school life, participation and learning processes.

[eu] Ikastetxe guztietan dagoen aniztasunaren aurrean, indarra hartu du kalitatezko eta ekitatezko hezkuntza inklusiboaren ikuspegiak. Artikulu honetan, ikerketa proiektu baten prozesu eta emaitzak aurkezten dira eta proiektu honetan orain arte sisteman isilduak izan diren protagonisten ahotsak jaso dira. Proiektuan parte hartu dute Gipuzkoan kokatzen den eskola bateko Lehen Hezkuntzako ikasle guztiek eta helburua izan da ezagutzea ikasleek eskolan dituzten sentimendu eta bizipenak. Horretarako, galdetegiak, ikasleen ahotsa azaleratzen laguntzen duten teknikak eta eztabaida-taldeak erabili dira. Emaitzek adierazi dute ikasleek zeresan handia daukatela eskolako kulturan, politikan eta praktiketan eta, alderdi positiboak azaleratu dituzten arren, oztopoak ere bizi dituztela eskolako parte-hartzeari eta ikaste-prozesuei dagokienez. Beraz, ikerketan honetan ikasleak entzuteko beharra baieztatzen da, eskolako bizikidetza, parte-hartzea eta ikaste-prozesuak errazteko neurriak eta estrategiak diseinatzeko.
[en] Spain is among the countries most affected by the global coronavirus pandemic. After experiencing one of the biggest economic contractions among the economies of the European Union, between April and June 2020, Spain has leaded the second wave of infections. Once the year 2020 has ended, we are in a better position to understand what the impact of COVID-19 has been and will be, something that is essential to think about the current challenges to our health, economic progress, and well-being. This article attempts to develop this understanding by exploring at short-term (2020) economic effects and the bailout funds and other government financial measures to mitigate them. We also analyse and assess the European vaccination strategy, which is both health and economic policy. Thinking in the long term, we discussed the possibility of exploring into the necessary changes in the healthcare system within the framework of the Next Generation program for recovery in Europe. Once the short and long-term consequences and possibilities have been identified, the article concludes addressing the direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 on interpersonal inequalities in Spain in regard to social inequalities in health and economic.

[eu] Espainia da koronabirusaren pandemia mundialaren eragina gehien jasan duen herrialdeetako bat. 2020ko apiriletik ekainera bitartean ekonomia-mailan uzkurdura handienetakoa pairatu ondoren, Europar Batasuna bigarren infekzio-olatuaren buru izan da. 2020a amaituta, hobeto uler dezakegu zein izan den eta izango den COVID-19aren eragina. Hori ulertzea ezinbestekoa da gure osasun, ongizate eta aurrerabiderako egungo erronketan pentsatzeko. Artikulu honek, beraz, ulermen hori garatu nahi du, epe laburreko (2020) ondorio ekonomikoak aztertuz eta horiek arintzeko erreskatefuntsak eta gobernuaren beste neurri batzuk ikertuz. Europako txertaketa-estrategia ere aztertu eta baloratu nahi dugu, kontuan hartuta estrategia hori osasun eta ekonomiako politika ere badela. Epe luzera begira, osasun-sisteman beharrezkoak diren aldaketak jorratzeko aukerari buruz arituko gara, Europan susperraldia sustatzeko Next Generation programaren barruan. Epe labur eta luzeko ondorio eta aukerak identifikatutakoan, COVID-19ak pertsonen arteko desberdintasunetan dituen ondorio zuzen eta zeharkakoak aztertuko ditugu: bai osasuneko gizarte-desberdintasunen gaineko ondorioak, bai desberdintasun ekonomikoen gainekoak.
[en] I present a classroom experience linked to the subject Literary and Aesthetic Ed-ucation in primary education (fourth year of the Primary Education Degree). This has been devel-oped with students of the mention of Physical Education. I have combined reading animation with activities related to the body and emotions, promoting a competence approach. The objec-tive is to integrate two seemingly distant disci-plines (Literature and Physical Education) with proposals that favor the creation of imaginative activities, avoiding the "division" of future teach-ers in watertight compartments. It is not intend-ed to publicize literature books related to sports, but rather to promote classroom dynamics that work both on reading and aesthetic enjoyment as well as on emotional, physical and creative development. The results are positive because both an interdisciplinary and creative vision of fu-ture teachers and teamwork have been favored. All this results in a more open and participatory learning.

[eu] Lehen Hezkuntzan Literatura eta Estetika Hezkuntza gaiari lotutako ikasgelako esperientzia aurkezten dut (Lehen Hezkuntzako Graduko laugarren maila). Gorputz Hezkuntzako aipameneko ikasleekin garatu da hori. Irakurketa animazioa gorputzarekin eta emozioekin lotutako jarduerekin konbinatu dut, gaitasun ikuspegiaren alde eginez. Helburua itxuraz urrun dauden bi diziplina (Literatura eta Gorputz Hezkuntza) irudimenezko jarduerak sortzea bultzatzen duten proposamenekin integratzea da, etorkizuneko irakasleen "banaketa" konpartimentu estankotan saihestuz. Ez da kirolarekin lotutako literatura liburuak ezagutzera eman nahi, irakurketaren eta gozamen estetikoaren eta garapen emozionala, fisikoa eta sortzailea lantzen duten ikasgelako dinamikak sustatzeko baizik. Emaitzak positiboak dira, etorkizuneko irakasleen eta taldelanaren diziplina arteko eta sormenezko ikuspegia sustatu baitu. Hori guztia ikaskuntza irekiagoa eta parte-hartzaileagoa bilakatzen da
[en] The Educational Innovation Projects (EIP) at the University of the Basque Country has a track record of more than 15 years. In order to understand aspects of this itinerary, the themes, priority lines of intervention and the language used are analysed, as well as the evolution of these aspects over the years. The case method has been used and documentary analysis as a data collection technique. The results show that a total of 510 projects have been carried out with 2,844 participations; 52.16% deal with the subject of active and autonomous learning, and the presence of Basque represents 8% of the projects. The conclusion is that the EIPs have been consolidated at the university as a research activity on teaching practice itself, dealing with subjects that today's society demands but the language for dealing with them is still Spanish.

[eu] Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Hezkuntza Berrikuntzarako Proiektu-ek (HBP) 15 urte baino gehiagoko ibilbidea dute. Ibilbidearen zenbait alderdiak ulertzeko, gaiak, esku hartzeko lehentasunezko ildoak eta erabilitako hizkuntza aztertu da, baita alderdi horiek urteetan zehar izan duten bilakaera. Kasuaren metodoa eta dokumentuen analisia erabili dira datuak biltzeko teknika gisa. Emaitzek agerian uzten dute guztira 510 proiektu landu direla, 2.844 lagunen partaidetzarekin; %52,16k ikaskuntza aktiboaren eta autonomoaren gaia jorratzen dute, eta euskararen presentzia proiektuetan %8 da. Ondorioztatzen da HBP-ak finkatu direla unibertsitatean, irakaskuntza-jardunari berari buruzko ikerketa-jarduera gisa, eta gaur egungo gizarteak eskatzen dituen gaiei heldu zaiela, baina gai horiek lantzeko hizkuntza gaztelania da oraindik ere.
[en] Communal granaries are a peculiarity of the archaeological record of the pre-European stage in Gran Canaria Island, although they are more known in North Africa. Among them, the Cenobio of Valerón has singularities that raise it as one of the most spectacular archaeological sites of ancient canaries.

[eu] Bihitegi komunalak Kanaria Handietako erregistro arkeologiko aurreeuroparraren berezitasuna dira, Afrika iparraldean ezagunagoak izan arren.\nValeróngo zenobioak berezitasun handiak ditu; hori dela eta, uharteko monumentu ikusgarrienetako bat da, batez ere duen neurriagatik eta eman\nzaizkion interpretazio ugariengatik.
[en] In this article we will study the discursive formations that the press, between 1900 and 1930, constructed in different social objects around the conception of port delinquency in the Port of La Luz, in the city of Las Palmas. The period in question begins with the start-up of this maritime infraestructura on an international scale and goes through its cycles of boom and decline in that first secular third, determined by the outbreak of the Great War. These material conjunctures led to the emergence of a serie of figures, such as the stowaway or the beggar, who were discursively subjetivised in the press as social and biological enemies of the native population and the tourist, respectively, which would lead to the demando of sanitation campaings in the liberal media.

[eu] Artikulu honetan 1900 eta 1930 artean prentsan emandako formazio diskurtsiboak aztertuko dira, zeintzuetan Las Palmaseko hiriko Puerto de La Luz-en gertatutako delinkuentziaren baitako objetu sozial ezberdinak eraiki zituzten. Landutako aroa itsas-azpiegitura hau nazioarte mailan martxan jarri izan zen unetik abiatzen da, hazkunde eta beherakada zikloak zeharkatuz mendeko lehen heren horretan, Gerra Handiaren lehertzeak markatuta. Koiuntura material horiek zenbait figura azaltzea eragin zuten, hala nola, polizoia edo eskalearena, prentsan diskurtsiboki subjektibatu egin zirenak tokiko populazioaren eta turistaren arerio sozial eta biologiko formapean, hurrenez-hurren. Eta horrek, zenbait saneamendu kanpainen eskaria bultzatu zuen prentsa liberalean.
[en] Students who access the university, in addition to learning the contents, must learn to communicate in the academic field. Although these students are already literate, in this educational stage, academic literacy means mastering the academic discourse for the various communication situations they will face throughout their university career. This is especially a challenge for Basque students, because academic productions in Basque have still a short career. The didactic proposal presented here aims to be a tool for the promotion of academic literacy in Basque, for professors who wish to use it with their students and for those who wish to study independently. This educational proposal is based on a genre-based methodology and the chosen genre is the scientific paper. This training resource intends to train students and respond to a gap in this field.

[eu] Unibertsitatean sartzen diren ikasleek edukiak ikasteaz gain egin behar duten beste gauza bat eremu akademikoan komunikatzen ikastea da. Orokorrean alfabetatuta iristen badira ere, unibertsitateko ibilbidean zehar burutu behar dituzten komunikazio ekintzek akademikoki ere alfabetatzea eskatzen dute. Hori bereziki erronka handia da euskal ikasleen kasuan, euskarazko ekoizpen akademikoek oraindik ibilbide laburra izan dutelako. Hemen aurkezten den proposamen didaktikoak euskarazko alfabetatze akademikoa bideratzeko tresna izatea du helburu, bai ikasleekin erabili nahi duten irakasleentzat eta bai modu autonomoan ikasi nahi duten ikasleentzat. Proposamen didaktiko honen oinarrian generoetan oinarritutako metodologia dago eta aukeratu den generoa artikulu zientifikoa izan da. Horrekin, ikasleak esparru akademikoan komunikatzen trebatzeko baliabide bat aurkeztu eta eremu horretan sumatutako hutsune bati erantzuna eman nahi zaio.
[en] The article explains the theoretical background of the XVth Architectural Graphic Expression Congress, to be held next 2014 march 22-23th at Las Palmas, Canary Island, with the motto of "Architects' journey drawings".

[eu] Artikuluak Las Palmas Kanaria Handikoan hurrengo 2014ko martxoaren 22 eta 23an gauzatu beharreko Arkitektura Adierzpen Grafikoaren XV: Kongresuaren berri ematen du, "Arkitektoen bidaia-marrazkia" leloa duena, kongresuaren testuinguru teorikoa kokatuz.
[en] Intensive consumption and massive waste generation are considered some of the most important current socio-environmental issues. In view of this, education is considered key. In this paper, we analyse one of the most widely used teaching resources in secondary school classrooms: the textbook (TB). The results of the analysis of 14 TB of 7th and 10th grade indicate that they do not establish adequate connections between the causes, consequences and possible solutions to the problem, nor do they contextualise them in the students' possibilities for action. Furthermore, the images used do not provide relevant information and are inoperative, while the activities do not favour the development of the responsibilities and commitments needed to promote changes in behaviours. Therefore, the TBs analysed do not contribute to the desired awareness, neither to the promotion of more sustainable attitudes and habits in the face of this socio-environmental problem.

[eu] Kontsumo intentsiboa eta hondakinen sorrera masiboa dira gaur egungo gizarte- eta ingurumen-arazo garrantzitsuenetako batzuk . Horren aurrean, hezkuntza giltzarritzat jotzen da. Lan honetan, Bigarren Hezkuntzako ikasgeletan gehien erabiltzen den baliabide didaktikoetako bat aztertzen da: testuliburua (TL). DBHko 1. eta 4. mailetako 14 TLren azterketaren emaitzek adierazten dute ez dela lotura egokirik ezartzen arazo honen kausen, ondorioen eta konponbide posibleen artean, eta soluzioak ez direla ikasleen ekintza-aukeretan testuinguratzen. Gainera, erabilitako irudiek ez dute informazio esanguratsurik eskaintzen eta ez dira eraginkorrak; jarduerei dagokionez, ez dute beharrezko erantzukizunen eta konpromisoen garapena bultzatzen. Laburbilduz, aztertutako TLek ez dute laguntzen gizarte- eta ingurumen-arazo hauen aurrean kontzientziatzen, ezta jarrera eta ohitura iraunkorragoak sustatzen ere.
[en] In the first decade of this century, several factors contributed to the expansion of photovoltaic solar energy in Spain, such as: abundant solar radiation, very attractive legislative and economic framework, very interesting credit lines and industries capable of supplying part of the necessary equipment for the construction of the solar plants. Contrary to this boom, in recent years the industry of photovoltaic solar energy has suffered a major crisis due to the growth of Asian companies, especially Chinese ones, and the regulatory uncertainty after the suppression of the economic bonuses driven by the Government of Spain. This article aims to approach the study of the territorial and social consequences of the dismantling of most of the industry producing photovoltaic modules in Spain, which has gone from being a world pioneer at the beginning of this century, to almost disappear only a few years later.

[eu] Mende honetako lehenengo hamarkadan, hainbat faktorek lagundu zuten eguzki energia fotoboltaikoa Espainian zabaltzen: eguzki erradiazio ugari, marko legegile eta ekonomiko erakargarria, kreditu linea interesgarriak eta eguzki-parkeak eraikitzeko behar diren ekipamendua hornitzeko gai diren industriak.Gorakada honen aurrean, eguzki-energia fotoboltaikoak krisi handia jasan du azken urteotan enpresa asiatikoen gorakaden aurrean, enpresa txinatarrak bereziki, eta Espainiako Gobernuak bultzatutako hobarien ezabatzeak ekarri dituen zalantzak direla eta. Artikulu honen bidez, Espainiako modulu fotoboltaikoen industria ekoizlearen suntsitzeak sortu dituen lurralde eta gizarte ondorio azterketara hurbildu nahi da, mendearen hasieran mundu mailan aitzindari izanetik handik urte gutxitara ia desagertua izatera iritsi dena.
[en] In the present work 36 pteridophyta species are mentioned. These species have been herborized by the authors from the Jaizkibel mountain during the last two years. For each specie we specify its locality, setting in U.T.M. coordinates, its altitude and ecology, and also a map of its geographical distribution. The specified localities are countersigned with herbarium exemplars which are kept in the "Herbario Aranzadi. Flora Urumea-Bidasoa", in San Sebastiano

[eu] Lan honetan, egileek azkeneko bi urtetan Jaizkibel mendian bildutako 36 pteridofito desberdin zehazteen dira. Espezie bakoitzerako U.T.M. koordenadatan bere lekua bereizten da, bakoitzaren ekologia azpimarratuaz. Azkenik, landare hauen banaketa geografikoa aztertzeko, mapan bidez argiturik doaz. Aipaturiko espezie guztiak, Donostian Aranzadi Zientzia Elkarteko Herbarioan bildurik daude.
[en] The theoretical Islamic corpus regulates all the aspects of the believer's life, the political and social norms that the individual and the collectivity must face with, as well as the way to observe the religious rules. Thus, starting from the study of the movements and tendencies of the Islamic policy and religion, is analyzed the violent discourse of the radical Islamism, as well as the causes of its origin, the different Islamic activists, etc., showing the necessity of dealing with the global causes of international Islamic terrorism.

[eu] Korpus teoriko islamikoak, sinesten duenaren aspektu guztiak jasotzen ditu, arau politiko eta sozialak, baita prezeptu erlijiosoak behatzeko era ere. Islam-eko mugimenduak eta tendentzia politiko eta erlijiosoen azterketatik abiatuta, islamismoaren diskurtso biolentoa eta sorreraren arrazoiak aztertzen dira, nazioarteko terrorismo islamikoaren arrazoi globalak aztertzeko beharra azalduz.
[en] This article endeavours to research the meaning of the words and syntactic structures generating a poetic text in relation to concordance of the content forming an isotope or semantic level of coherence. It moreover takes a deeper look at the network woven by these concordances of content which, starting from the semantic level, are reflected at lexical level and transmitted at grammatical level. Similarly taken into account on working with a text are the functional features taken on by the context.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, testu poetiko batek sorrarazten dituen hitzen eta egitura sintaktikoen esanahia ikertu nahi da, isotopía edo keherentzia semantikoko maila osatzen duten eduki-komunztaduren aldean. Orobat, maila semantikotik abiatura, maila lexikoan islatu eta maila gramatikalera igarotzen diren eduki-komunztadura horiek osatzen duten sarea sakonetik aztertzen da. Testu batekin lan egitean, testuinguruaren bidez jasotako ezaugarri funtzionalak ere hartzen dira kontuan.