BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] This Last Grade Project talks about the amazing relation that exists between the mathematics and the nature, and also about how it is possible to learn mathematic contents by observing some natural elements. As a consequence of it, a sixth grade of Primary mathematics lesson plan has been designed, in which the nature not only is going to be the main factor to obtain mathematic activities but also a motivating element in the learning process. In addition, with this project the mathematics subject is exposed through a constructivist, globalised and interdisciplinar method, in which children arise as the principal ones of their own learning. To sum up, it is important to consider that this project has not been taken in practice, although it is totally possible to be applied in a classroom of whatever Basque Country's schools, since it is based in the 2020 Heziberri's Plan. Keywords: mathematics, nature, natural elements, teaching/learning, motivation, lesson plan and Heziberri 2020.

[eu] Hemen aurkezten den Gradu Amaierako lanean matematika eta naturaren arteko erlazio zoragarria aurkezten da, eta nola kontzeptu matematiko asko uler daitezkeen naturaren elementu batzuen azterketatik abiatuz. Horretarako, lehen hezkuntzako seigarren mailarako sekuentzia didaktiko bat diseinatu da matematika irakasgaiarentzako; zeinetan natura oinarri gisa erabiltzen den ariketa matematikoak sortarazterakoan eta ikasketarako motibazio herramienta gisa. Honekin batera, proposamen honetan irakasgaia metodo konstruktibista gisa aurkezten da, globalizatua eta interdisziplinala, zeinetan haurrek heuren ikasketaren jabe diren. Esan beharrekoa da proposamen didaktiko hau ez dela praktikan jarri, baina Euskadiko edozein ikasgelan aplikatu daiteke Plan Heziberri 2020 planean oinarritzen baita.
[en] The victim problematic has no frontiers or special limits and is a proper issue of the compared criminal law. In this article we show a coherent and systematic view on victims in the criminal law dogmatic and the criminal procedural law –with special reference to Latin America– and some reflections are formulated on the actual state of question. Some future courses of victimology are examined also, assessing the repercussion on the formation of the criminal system.

[eu] Biktimen problematikak ez dauka ez mugarik ez limite espazialik, zuzenbide penal konparatuaren berezko auziekin itxuratzen delarik. Artikulu honetan biktimaren gaineko ikuspegi sistematiko eta koherente bat agertzen da zuzenbide penal eta zuzenbide procesal penalaren dogmatikaren eremuan -arreta bereiziarekin latinoamerikako alorrean– eta zenbait hausnarketa azaltzen dira gai honen aktualitatean. Biktimologiaren etorkizuneko bide aldaketak aztertzen dira baita ere, sistema penalaren osaketan duen oihartzuna balioesten.
[en] Optimization is a mathematics technique with a great amount of appliances on lots of fields of engineering. Since it helps the designer get an effective solution with a noticeable decrease in the cost of the project, it shows great benefits. Throw the following pages a brief description of the optimization techniques used in structural desing is displayed. Following this description, there is a more in-depth analisys of the topology optimization technique throw the study of a case. This case of study is a pedestrian bridge. Using this case study, the effect of different parameters will be analysed. This analysis will be the base to determine wich of the desings obtained with the optimization process is the most suitable for the previously determined criteria. Once the design is selected, it will be analysed in detail. This analysis' purpose is to verify that the design actually meets the specifications as well as getting the final dimmensions of the bridge's elements. Then, some comments are made about the conclusions derived from the analisys, looking how the topology optimization technique fits in the design process.

[eu] Optimizazioa ingeniaritzako arlo askotan aplikazioa duen teknika matematikoa da. Abantaila handiak suposatzen ditu, diseinu alternatiba eraginkorrak aurkitzen laguntzen duelako proiektuaren kostua gutxitzen laguntzen duen bitartean. Hurrengo horrietan estruktura diseinuan erabiltzen diren optimizazio tekniken aurkezpen labur bat egingo da. Ondoren topologia optimizazioari buruzko analisi sakonagoa egingo da kasu baten aurkezpenaren bitartez. Kasu hau oinezkoen zubi bat izango da. Kasu honen analisiaren bitartez parametro ezberdinek topologia optimizazio bidez lortutako diseinuan duten eragina aztertuko da. Analisi hau lortutako diseinuen artean zein den egokiena aukeratzeko erabiliko da, aurretik ezarritako oinarrien arabera. Diseinua aukeratu ondoren, azterketa sakonagoa egingo zaio diseinua egiaztatzeko eta elementu guztien tamainak ezartzeko. Analisi honen arabera, ondorioak eztabaidatzen dira, topologia optimizazioaren norainokoa aztertuz diseinu prosezuaren barruan.
[en] The main objective of the present work is to examine whether access to public employment for civil servants and ordinary employees in Spain is given under equal conditions. To do this, the requirements for access to public service are analyzed, as well as other relevant issues for equal opportunities, such as motherhood and temporary nature, observing, in each case, whether discriminatory circumstances occur. To carry out the research, a study of the regulations on the principle of equality in the access to public employment is accomplished, together with a doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, both at the community and national level. The study carried out allows us to conclude that there are some dysfunctions in certain aspects of the selection criteria, which means that are not uncommon the cases in which the principle of equality in access to public employment is diminished.

[eu] Lan honen helburu nagusia Espainian funtzionarioek eta lan-kontratuko langileek enplegu publikorako sarbidea berdintasun-baldintzetan duten aztertzea da. Horretarako, funtzio publikoan sartzeko hautaprobetan eskatzen diren baldintzak aztertzen dira, bai eta aukera-berdintasunerako garrantzitsuak diren beste gai batzuk ere, hala nola, amatasuna eta behin-behinekotasuna, eta kasu bakoitzean diskriminazio-inguruabarrak gertatzen diren aztertzen da. Ikerketa egiteko, enplegu publikora iristeko eskubidearen berdintasun-printzipioari buruzko araudia aztertzen da, bai eta doktrinaren eta jurisprudentziaren azterketa ere, bai Europako erkidego mailan, baita estatu mailan ere. Egindako azterlanari esker ondoriozta daiteke hautapen-irizpideen alderdi jakin batzuetan disfuntzioak daudela, eta, beraz, ez dira hain salbuespenezkoak enplegu publikorako sarbidean berdintasun-printzipioa murriztuta duten kasuak.
[en] Inglés: Power Line Communications (PLC) is a technology that uses the electrical network as a means of communication. Although the advantages are diverse, for example, that the network is fully deployed, the unwanted emissions introduced by the equipment connected to it, together with the changing impedance of the medium, can considerably degrade our communications. Therefore, in this paper, we analyze the impact of channel effects on Narrowband PLC according to the PRIME standard. To this end, four EMC filters have been selected with a known impedance frequency response. The objective is achieved, on the one hand, by analyzing the attenuation introduced by the filters and, on the other, by the degradation of the FER versus SNR curves in the different channels of the standard. The latter allows us to study the differences between the frequency ranges currently assigned in Europe and the higher frequency bands.

[eu] Euskera: Power Line Communications (PLC) sare elektrikoa komunikabide gisa erabiltzen duen teknologia da. Nahiz eta abantailak ugariak izan, sarea erabat zabalduta egotea, esate baterako, konektatutako ekipoek sartu nahi ez dituzten emisioek, inguruaren inpedantzia aldakorrarekin batera, gure komunikazioak nabarmen honda ditzakete. Horregatik, lan honek kanal-efektuek Narrowband PLCn duten eragina aztertzea du helburu, PRIME estandarraren arabera. Horretarako, lau EMC iragazki hautatu dira, inpedantziaren maiztasun–erantzuna ezagunarekin. Proiektuaren helburua, batetik, iragazkiek eragindako arintzea aztertuz, eta bestetik, estandarraren kanal guztietan FER bihurguneak degradatuz, lortuko da. Azken horrek aukera emango du, gaur egun Europan esleituta dauden maiztasun-banda eta banda nagusien artean dauden desberdintasunak aztertzeko.
[en] After some juridical and sociological considerations about the situation of foreign prisoners in an international perspective, the increase in the number of foreigners in prison is interpreted, and it is analysed the inequality situations. Finally, the expulsion, transfer and tlhe investment in penitentiary institutions are studied as possible solutions.

[eu] Atzerrilar atxilotuen egoerari buruzko juridiko-soziologiko burutapen desberdinak azaltzen dira, nazioarteko ikuspegi batetik. Eta Nazio gehienetan atzerrilarren kopuruaren gehiagotzez adierazpen bat egin ondoren, zinezko desberdintasunaren egoerak ikertu egiten dira eta, gertagarri askabide gisa, kanporatzea, aldaketa eta penitentziari bideetan inbertsioa aztertzen dira.
[en] Telling stories to children has been considered very important, even in formal education. In this work oral techniques used in story accounting or reading were studied, by means of a theoretical and practical approach examining recorded stories. This corpus of three stories by the well-known storytelling Koldo Amestoy has been analyzed describing speed, breaks made by the storyteller, volume and intonation. To analyze it the theoretical criteria has been predicted and then tested if they agreed or not; describing through communication strategies the cases that did not coincide. In this way, teachers will know how to use strategies when telling stories, turning the story telling into something much more meaningful.

[eu] Haurrei ipuinak kontatzea oso garrantzitsutzat jo izan da, baita hezkuntza formalean ere. Lan honetan ipuinak kontatzean edota irakurtzean erabiltzen diren ahozko teknikak ikertu dira, hurbilpen teoriko-praktikoa eginez eta grabatutako ipuinen corpusa aztertuz. Corpus hori osatu da Koldo Amestoy ipuin kontalari ezagunaren hiru ipuinekin, eta bertan erabiltzen dituen abiada, eten kopurua, bolumena eta intonazioa aztertu dira. Horiek irizpide teoriko batzuen arabera corpusean aurresan dira. Ondoren, entzunaldien bitartez, azaldu da irizpide horiekin bat etorri den edo ez; bat etorri ez diren kasuetan komunikazio estrategien bidez deskribatuz. Horrela, irakasleak estrategiak ipuin kontaketan erabil ditzake, ipuin kontaketa askoz esanguratsuago bihurtuz.
[en] This project consists on an economic study of the sites for a wave energy park in the Basque Country that present better potential for harvesting the wave energy. The two sites of the Basque coast with better wave resource will be selected and a study of the profitability of the park in those sites will be carried on. Moreover, those facts with more influence in the profitability of the park will be analyzed, in order to compare both sites and select the one which more advantages present.

[eu] Proiektu honen helburua Euskal Herriko kostaldean kokatuko litzatekeen olatu energiaz baliatzen den energia-parke baten analisi ekonomikoa egitea da. Olatuen energiaren baliabide onuragarrienak aurkezten dituzten bi kokapen esanguratsuenak aukeratuko dira eta parkea kokapen horietan eginez gero izango luketen errentagarritasuna kalkulatuko da. Era berean, parkearen errentagarritasunean eragin handiena duten faktoreen azterketa egingo da, bi kokapenen konparaketa eginez eta era berean abantaila handienak aurkezten dituen kokapena aukeratuz.
[en] The editor of this project is the student named Pello Intxausti Rodriguez from the Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao. The study of different joints of plywood for the same difficulty is this project about. For that, we have to build one Warren called truss (Figure 3) to study the strains and commutes joinned with economical aspects in order to get the best solution. We outset describing the conflict. The location of the truss mentioned before, the climatology and topographical exam are part of this description. Then, we will resume looking at some different solutions and the last part will consist in achieving which solution fits best in terms of economy and work of the joint.

[eu] Proiektu honen idazlea Bilboko Ingeniaritza Goi Eskola Teknikoko ikaslea den Pello Intxausti Rodriguez da. Lan honetan, egur laminatuzko lotura desberdinek nolako jarrera erakusten duten arazo berdinaren aurrean aztertuko da. Horretarako, Warren erako zertxa bat eraikiko da (Irudia 3), eta esfortzuen ikasketa zein materialen aukerak kontuan izanda, soluzio onena zein den behatuko da. Arazoa deskribatuz hasiko gara. Aurretiaz aipatutako zertxaren lokalizazioa, klimatologia edo topografia hasierako atal hauetan kokatzen dira. Soluzio desberdinen behaketari ekingo diogu ondoren eta giltzadura eraginkorrena lortzea izango da azken pausua, aspektu ekonomiko zein giltzadurak egindako lana analizatuz.
[en] Since progressively more and more people are interested in pursuing a healthy life based on practicing sport, sport facilities have come to be highly requested. Artziniega, a town whose population is booming, has only a few sport facilities, which are scarce and deficient, according to its inhabitants. This project originated with the idea of fulfilling this little town's residents' demands, who were sent a questionnaire that would collect their concerns, complaints, and proposals regarding the redesign of the existing spot for sport-practicing. After considering the results of the form, two structures where decided to design: (1) the roofing of some paddle tennis courts and (2) the roofing of a multifunctional court (for basketball and football) and a playpen. Each facility will have its own particularities: On the one hand, the roofing for the paddle tennis court will be metallic and curved, containing two paddle courts along its 22 meters and its 21 meters of light. On the other hand, the roofing of the multifunctional court will be wooden and curved, and it will extend to 45 meters and 25 meters of light. These slight modifications aim to provide Artziniega with the possibility of practicing new sports, even at days when the weather is unfavourable.

[eu] Osasuntsu egoteak eta kirola egiteak garrantzi handia du mundu honetan eta; beraz, kirol guneak eta bertan aurkitutako instalazioak oso demandatuak daude. Artziniegak, biztanleriaren hazkundea nabaria den herrialdeak, kirol esparru eskasak eta gutxi mantenduak ditu, bertako bizilagunen arabera. Proiektu hau Arabako herrialde honetako herritarrek dituzten eskaerei erantzuteko helburuarekin sortu zen; izan ere, hauek galdetegi bat bete behar izan zuten, non Artziniegako kirol gunearen berregituraketaren inguruan dauzkaten artegatasunak, kexak eta proposamenak adierazi zitzaketen. Formulario honek eskainitako datuak aztertu eta gero, bi egitura diseinatzeko erabakia hartu zen: (1) padel pisten estalkia eta (2) kantxa multifuntsionalaren (futbol eta basket) eta umeentzako jolastokiaren estalkia. Egitura bakoitzaren berezko ezaugarriei dagokionez: Alde batetik, padel pisten estalkia metalikoa eta kurboa izango da eta bi padel-pista izango ditu bere barnean, bere 22 metrotan eta 21 argi-metrotan zehar. Beste alde batetik, kantxa multifuntsionalaren estalkia zurezkoa eta kurboa izango da eta 45 metroko eta 25 argi-metroko luzera izango du. Aldaketa hauen helburu nagusia Artziniegako bizilagunek bestelako kirolak praktikatzeko aukera izatea da, bai eta hau eguraldi bortitzeko egunetan ere egiteko aukera izatea.
[en] The purpose of this dissertation is to improve the functionality of the unicycles. The design of a hub which makes possible to have two gears in a unicycle has been made. The knowledge acquired while studying the Industrial Technology Engineering Degree has made it possible to complete this dissertation. This work is arranged in a clear order: different technological options of the unicycle world and other options that can be useful have been analyzed so as to be capable of identifying the pros and the cons and then choose and develop one of them. Firstly, different options within the field of unicycles and others that can be useful have been examined. This work appears in the part of alternative analysis. With the information obtained, various possibilities have been compared and one of them has been chosen with the purpose of developing it. The development of the product is explained in the methodology part and in the appendix. On the one hand, a design has been built using the program SolidWorks. On the other hand, a model of the situation has been created with the purpose of doing different calculations and finishing the design of some pieces. Those calculations have made possible to get the strength needed to reach a specific acceleration and the mechanic strength that different pieces should need. Lastly, the activities needed for carrying out the dissertation, the conclusions and the possible future works are described.

[eu] Lan honetan, Industria Teknologiako Graduan jasotako jakintzak baliatuz, monoziklo baten martxa bi edukitzea ahalbidetzen duen ardatz bat diseinatu da hutsetik hasita. Horrela, monozikloen erabilgarritasuna hobetzea bilatu da. Lan honek ildo nagusi bat jarraitzen du: monozikloen arloan dagoen teknologia edo honetara egokitu daitezkeen teknologia mota desberdinak aztertu euretako bat aukeratu eta garatzeko. Beraz, lana honako egitura edukiko du: Hasieran, monozikloen munduan dauden aukera desberdinak aztertu dira. Baita arlo honetarako erabilgarriak izan daitezkeen beste aukera batzuk ere. Guzti hau alternatiben analisia atalean ageri da. Informazio honekin aukera desberdinak konparatu egin dira eta euretako bat garatzea erabaki da. Ondoren, metodologia atalean eta eranskinetan, garapena burutu da. Alde batetik, produktuaren diseinu bat egin da SolidWorks programaren bitartez. Bestetik, egoeraren eredu bat sortu da kalkulu desberdinak egin ahal izateko eta produktuaren osagai batzuen diseinua guztiz zehaztu ahal izateko. Kalkulu hauekin azelerazio jakin bat lortzeko beharrezkoa den momentua lortu da. Horrela, osagaien erresistentzia mekanikoa zein izan behar den lortu ahal izan da. Azkenik, lan hau aurrera eramateko jarraitu diren atazak, ateratako ondorioak eta aurrerago aztertu daitezkeen ildoak zehaztu dira.
[en] This project consists of the design, implementation and deployment of software that can process data samples generated by devices in real time to elaborate predictions based on machine learning algorithms. These samples belong to a classification problem and are subject to a phenomenon called concept drift, which implies that the pattern that was learnt to classify the samples may change over time. The learning software must be able to consider such change by detecting it and adapting to it. In addition, the project is set in a Big Data scenario, where the amount of information to be processed is enormous. Therefore, the program must be implemented in a specialized platform that can be deployed in a highly scalable computing cluster, to process the data in real time using the resources available in its entirety.

[eu] Hurrengo proiektua denbora errealean gailu elektronikoen bidez sortutako datu erakusgarriak prozesatu ditzakeen software-aren diseinu, inplementazio eta hedatzean datza, makina ikaskuntzako algoritmotan oinarritutako iragarpenak lantzeko helburuarekin. Erakusgai hauek klasifikazio arazo bati erantzuten diote eta deribazio kontzeptuko izendatutako fenomeno bati lotuta daude. Honen ondorioz, klasifikazioa egiteko erabiltzen den patroia aldaketak izaten ditu denbora pasa ahala. Ikaskuntza software-a aipatutako aldaketak kontuan hartzeko gai izan behar da, hau antzematen eta beren arabera egoitzen. Bestalde, proiektua Big Data jokaleku baten barne hartzen da, prozesatu beharreko informazio kantitatea egundokoa denean. Horregatik, programa berezitutako plataforma batean inplementatu beharko da, non eskalabilizazio handiko konputazio cluster batean egikaritu daiteke datuak denbora errealean prozesatzeko, erabiltzeko moduan dauden baliabide osotasuna aprobetxatuz.
[en] For a long time, earthquake risk was considered a certainty of disaster. It was accepted that buildings would be damaged because of an earthquake's ground shaking. However, in the last century it has been shown that buildings design has an important influence in buildings damage. Nowadays, in places where there is a high frequency of earthquakes there are different standards that help engineers or architects to do a better design. Nevertheless, the objective of this project is to present knowledge about earthquake protection measures for buildings with illustrations, examples, and an explanatory text. Therefore, a seismically correct design is necessary to achieve a good earthquake resistance without incurring in significant additional costs.

[eu] Urte askotan zehar pentsatu izan da lurrikaren ondorioz eraikinetan ematen diren hutsegiteak, eta horrek berarekin dakarren hondamendia, saihestezinak direla. Azken mendeetan ordea, lurrikaren akzio pean eraikin desberdinek aurkezten duten portaera aztertuz ikusi da egitura osatzen duten elementu erresistenteen diseinuak eragin handia daukala eraikinaren hutsegitean. Azterketa guzti horien ondorioz, gaur egun, lurrikarak ohikoak diren guneetan eraikitzerako orduan araudi desberdinak existitzen dira zeintzuek eraikinak lurrikaren akzio pean ondo eusteko kalkulu oinarriak finkatzen dituzten. Orobat, txostenean lurrikaren akzio pean portaera desegokia aurkezten duten egitura desberdinak azalduko dira, honen bidez zein egitura diseinu den egokia ikusiz. Gainera, posible den heinean, hauen kasu errealak aurkeztuko dira eta baita hutsegite hauek ez emateko soluzioak planteatu. Izan ere, diseinu egokia guztiz garrantzitsua izango da bizitzak salbatu eta kostuak murrizteko.