[en] The purpose of this bibliographic review is to analyze the responsibility that the school has in the accompaniment of those children who, due to the process of abandonment and adoption, carry an early trauma. This work defines this process, to later emphasize and study the importance of the attachment bond, in addition to the traces that the previously mentioned adversities can cause in the individual at an early age. A pedagogical approach is also made to the Lóczy institution, which, after working with abandoned children for decades, builds a way of looking at, caring for and educating this particular student body. It is also an institution of special interest for formal education, since the inclusion of this practice in the classroom helps to meet the needs of these children. 57 scientific articles are studied, which include the consequences of these experiences, as well as the tools to face the deficits caused by them. Among the main contributions, the importance of the relationship to be established between teachers and students, the importance of the bond and active and affective communication, attending to their physiological needs as well as validating their individuality and thus cementing the vital project of each child, stand out. In conclusion, this literature review confirms that the pedagogical relationship proposed by Lóczy; early care that also includes emotional and affective involvement by the care institution in charge of the child, is decisive in shaping the identity and ensuring an adequate psychological and physical development of the individual, thus overcoming the burden of the trauma of abandonment and adoption.

[eu] Berrikuspen bibliografiko honen helburua eskolak zer erantzukizun duen abandonu eta adopzio-prozesuaren ondorioz trauma goiztiarra duten haurren laguntzan aztertzea da. Lan honek prozesu hori definitzen du, eta, ondoren, atxikimendu-loturaren garrantzia azpimarratzen eta aztertzen du, aurrez aipatutako ezbeharrek adin txikitan gizabanakoarengan sor ditzaketen arrastoez gain. Gainera, Lóczy erakundera hurbilketa pedagogikoa egiten da; izan ere, hainbat hamarkadatan abandonatutako haurrekin lan egin ondoren, ikasle horiei begiratzeko, zaintzeko eta hezteko modu bat eraikitzen du. Interes bereziko erakundea da hezkuntza formalerako, praktika hori ikasgeletan sartzeak haur horien premiak asetzen laguntzen baitu. 57 artikulu zientifiko aztertu dira, bizipen horien ondorioak eta bizipen horiek eragindako defizitei aurre egiteko tresnak biltzen dituztenak. Ekarpen nagusien artean, honako hauek nabarmentzen dira: irakasleen eta ikasleen artean ezarri behar den harremanaren garrantzia, loturaren eta komunikazio aktibo eta afektiboaren garrantzia, premia fisiologikoak kontuan hartuta, indibidualtasuna baliozkotuta eta haur bakoitzaren bizi-proiektua oinarri hartuta. Ondorio gisa, berrikuspen bibliografiko honek berresten digu Lóczy-k proposatzen duen harreman pedagogikoa (adingabearen ardurapeko zaintza-erakundearen inplikazio emozional eta afektiboa barne hartzen duen arreta goiztiarra) erabakigarria dela gizabanakoaren nortasuna taxutzeko eta garapen psikologiko eta fisiko egokia bermatzeko orduan, abandonuaren eta adopzioaren traumaren zama gaindituz.