[en] The Basque economy finds itself, at present, under economic and social pressure from such fundamental forces as the hypercompetition of the global economy, continuous development and change in business and management techniques, ongoing innovation and growing competition, in addition to its own internal dynamics. In this context, it is useful to take a closer look at the ways in which enterprises are managed and enterprise ownership is distributed and to search for more participatory organizations, ones that pursue new levels of collaboration and involvement on the part of workers and managers to make a qualitative leap both in terms of social impact in the workplace as well as competitiveness. It is this search that inspired an interest in exploring people's attitudes and aptitudes with respect to participation in the enterprise and, more concretely, as regards three basic dimensions of participation: in management, in capital ownership and in business results. Given their different positions in the enterprise, the content of their work and their work experience generally, the study presented here seeks to uncover and compare in qualitative depth, these perceptions from the point of view of frontline workers, mid-level managers and supervisors as well as senior executives. Further, our objective is to explore not only the perceptions of workers and managers of their experience in these three dimensions of participation, but also, following the seminal work of Klein (1987), the impact of these perceptions on interpretations of "the other" and his or her motives as they relate to participation. A study of this kind would fulfill both practical and scientific objectives. In practical terms, it would help the business world better understand and manage participation in all three of its dimensions and thus improve companies' social and economic outcomes. In addition, it would address two important gaps in the academic literature. One is methodological. There are many statistical studies of participation in the work place, but relatively very few that provide qualitative detail, depth and texture (Meyers, 2011). Only one has been carried out in the Basque Autonomous Community (Cheney, 1999) and it investigates the Mondragon cooperatives and not other types of firms or alternative formulas for participation in management, ownership and financial results. The other gap in the literature is content-related. Very little research has examined this mirror effect suggested by Klein (1987), the relationship between participation, on the one hand, and perceptions of participants and their motives on the other, that is, how perceptions of others, and in particular their interest in participation, might affect participation itself. This study, then, addresses these research challenges using a case study approach based on in-depth interviews of key informants, on-site observation and analysis of documents. The research is carried out in two manufacturing firms that share ownership among employees both located in the Basque Autonomous Community of Spain.

[eu] Gaur egun, euskal enpresa egitura, ekonomikoki eta sozialki presionatuta dago hurrengo faktoreengatik: krisia, ekonomia globalizatu baten hiperkonpetentzia, enpresa garapena, kudeatzeko ahalmenen progresua, berrikuntza, lehiakortasunaren gorakada, eta beste barne dinamikak. Egoera hau kontuan harturik, interesgarria da begirada bat botatzea, enpresen jabetza kudeatzeko eta banatzeko moduei. Erakunde parte-hartzaileagoak, euren langile eta zuzendarien kolaborazio eta inplikazio gradu berria lortu nahi dituzten entitateak bilatu nahi dira. Beraz, bai bere inpaktu sozio-laboralean zein bere lehiakortasunean hobekuntza kualitatiboaren atzetik dabiltzan enpresak bilatu nahi dira. Hau dela eta, jakin nahi da, zeintzuk diren pertsonek dauzkaten jarrerak eta gaitasunak enpresaren partaidetzan hurrengo arloetan: kudeaketa, kapitala eta etekinak. Erakundeetan, lan mota eta esperientzia sozio-laboral diferenteak dituzten posizio ezberdinetako pertsonen pertzepzioak jasoko dira. Ikerketa honek, pertzepzio hauek jaso eta konparatu nahi ditu sakontasun kualitatiboan, bai enpresako zuzendarien ikuspuntutik zein tarteko arduradunen eta langile arrunten ikuspuntutik. Helburua ez da bakarrik langileen eta zuzendarien partaidetzaren esperientziaren pertzepzioak aztertzea aipatutako hiru esparruetan, baizik eta Kleinen lan seminala jarraituz (1987) bereziki, aztertu nahi da ere, "bestearen" interpretazio berdinen inpaktua pertzepzio hauetan eta bere arrazoiak partaidetzaren gainean. Horrela, ikerketak, helburu praktikoak zein zientifikoak beteko lituzke. Termino praktikotan, lagundu egingo lioke enpresa munduari partaidetzaren fenomenoa hobeto ulertzen eta kudeatzen, bere dimentsio ezberdinetan eta ondorioz, honek, enpresa etekinen eta etekin sozialen hobekuntza ekarriko luke. Gainera, literatura zientifikoan dauden bi hutsune garrantzitsu abordatuko lituzke, Bat metodologikoa da. Partaidetza enpresan fenomenoari buruz ikerketa estatistiko ugari daude, baina zehaztasuna, sakontasuna eta testura kualitatiboa eskaintzen dutenak oso eskasak dira (Meyers, 2011), eta Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan, bat bakarrik egin da (Cheney,1999). Gainera, ikerketa honek, bakarrik hartzen ditu kontuan Mondragoneko kooperatibak, baina ez ditu aztertzen beste motatako enpresak edo partaidetzako formula alternatiboak kudeaketan, kapitalean eta finantza etekinetan. Beste hutsunea, fondokoa da; Kleinek (1987) adierazten duen ispilu efektu honi buruz ikerketa gutxi baitaude; hau da, partaidetzaren erlazioa batetik, eta partehartzaileen pertzepzioak eta hauen arrazoiak bestetik; zera da, nola bestearen pertzepzioek eta batez ere bere interesa partaidetzan, eragina daukaten honetan. Hau dela eta, kasuaren azterketa metodoa jarraitu da ikerketa arazoari aurre egiteko. Honetarako, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (EAE) partaidetzapeko bi industria enpresetan, elkarrizketa sakonak egin zaizkie informatzaile klabeei, ikerketa dokumentala egon da eta behaketak in situ egin dira.