[en] The current energetic model is completely out-of step due to several circumstances: some technologicals, others social-economicals, as well as environmental. As a result, it is crucial to design another (or others) model, where the closest energetic sources must play a priority role. However, not just the sources have to be changed: both the distribution and exploitation model require a deep inspection based on both social and technological evolution. In the search of an alternative model, it is fundamental to have a method. As for it, it means to experiment and try, besides of the analysis of the evolution of other models in other countries. The change of the current model to an alternative one, it must be done through a period of transition in which both models develop in parallel, while the first one keeps developing, at the same time, the other one gradually disappears. This transition involves a planification: which involves the identification of the available energies, awareness actions and citizen commitment; the adjustment of the demand (efficiency), the closest technical, technological and economical resources demonstration and mobilization; the creation of both a generation model and a distribution model. All that, with the guarantee that the energy, all along this transitional voyage, it cannot suppose uncertainty regarding both availability and competence. There are already, energy alternative models that are being carried out by some countries, which have been analyzed in this document, whose transitions have already begun. All of those countries have a large business tradition, as well as are in the front row in terms of social development. From all of those analyzed models, has been deduced some peculiarities. In all of them has been necessary to define their own model, to adapt them to each countries' economic, social and technological conditions. One of the conclusions that has been deduced from the study of all those models is that all of them reflect the attempt to copy the traditional energy model but using renewable energy. None of them have started working in local terms; quite the opposite; the start has been contemplated in a macro-scenario. Finally, they all have descended to local, to "malleable" spheres. Derived from the analysis of other anticipated experiences over time, this thesis has developed a sustainable energy model (MES) applicable in the region of Debabarrena, having experienced methodological application in the domestic, industrial and public sphere.

[eu] Egun dagoen eredu energetikoa hainbat alorretan motz gelditu da, hala nola, alde teknologikoak, sozialak, ekonomikoak eta beste asko, geroz eta gehiago, ingurumenarekin harreman estua dute. Hori de la eta, ingurukoak diren energia iturriek funtsezko eginkizuna duten bestelako eredu energetikoak eraikitzeko beharra dago. Hala ere, iturriak ez dira aldaketaren energetiko berri honen xede bakarrak, banaketa eta ustiapen modeloek ere bilakaera sozial eta teknologikoari egokitutako berrikuspena behar dute. Eredu alternatibo honen bilaketak ordea, metodo baten beharra dauka. Esperimentazioa eta probak egitean oinarriturik egotez gain, gainontzeko herrialdeen trantsizio ereduen bilakaeraren analisi bat egitea ere eskatzen du. Egungo modelotik beste baterako aldaketa trantsizio denboraldi baten bidez egin behar da, non bata garatzen dioan heinean bestea desagertzen doan. Trantsizio honek erabilgarri dauden energien identifikazioa, kontzientziazio ekintzak eta hiritarren konpromezua, eskari energetikoaren egokitzapena (eraginkortasuna), gertuko baliabide teknikoen, teknologikoen eta ekonomikoen mobilizazioa, sorkuntza eta banaketa modelo baten eraketa ekarriko dituen planifikatutako eragile baten beharra du. Guzti honek, energiak trantsizio ibilbide horretan erabilgarritasun eta nahikotasunari dagokionez ziurgabetasunik suposatuko ez dituela bermatuz. Badira energia eredu alternatiboak burutu dituzten herrialderik, trantsizio energetiko hauek aztertu eta txostenean zehar azaldu dira. Denak tradizio handiko eta garapen sozialaren buruan dauden herrialdeak dira. Aztertu egin diren modelo guzti horietan berezitasunak egon direla erreparatu da, denek beraien modeloa definitzeko beharra izan dute herrialde bakoitzeko baldintza ekonomiko, sozial eta teknologikoetara egokitu ahal izateko. Modelo horien azterketaren ondorioa, lagin denetan tradiziozko eredu energetikoa ihardetsi nahi izan dela da. Beti ere energia berriztagarrien bidez eta hauetako bakar baten ere ez da tokiko aukerekin lan egiten hasi, kontrara makrotik hasi dira. Hala ere, azkenean denek tokikora jo dute, eremu "kudeagarrietara". Kasu honi dagokionez, denboran aurreikusiriko beste esperientzien analisi batetik, tesi honek aplikagarria den energia trantsizio modelo bat garatu du eskualde mailara egokitua dena, Debabarrenean zehazki. Eredu honen aplikagarritasuna industria, etxebizitza, hezkuntza eta arlo publikoetan esperimentatu izanez.