[en] In Spain, as in other European countries, there is a type of immigration that politicians and researchers have dismissed in spite of its visibility and its long-standing presence: that of Roma/Gypsies from Central and Eastern Europe, especially Romania, who have been living here since 1991. Although their number is not as important as that of Moroccans or South Americans, they presence creates a series of challenges against which there is little policy experience, nor trained personnel, not even culturally and linguistically capable intermediaries. Moreover, the Roma/Gypsies tend to be one of the migrant communities that cause the greatest rejection and prejudice among their neighbors. The Roma/Sinti/Gypsies are the largest, poorest and fastest-growing ethnic minority in the European Union -specially within recently adhered countries. In this paper we have established the patterns of Roma/Gypsy migration to Spain from Eastern Europe since 1990, and the main periods of this process. We have relied on a review of news in the printed press, using methods of historical event analysis, as have been developed by historians of collective action (see Franzosi 1995; Olzak 1992). Moreover, based on data from an on-going ethnographic research project, we describe and analyze the situation of Romanian Roma immigrants in Spain, highlighting the social organization of their settlements and communities, their strategies for securing resources, and their crucial differences from other immigrant populations such as Moroccans, South Americans, and even non-Roma Romanians. This emigration is also creating, especially among the newer generations being raised in Spain, a new identity where various national, moral and cultural influences clash, interact and mix. Thus we are contemplating the appearance of a new Roma/Gypsy culture in Spain that speaks Romani and contrast notably with local Gitano (Spanish Gypsy) life ways.

[es] Los romá o gitanos constituyen la minoría étnica más numerosa, más pobre y con mayor crecimiento de todas las que viven en la Unión Europea, especialmente en los países de reciente incorporación. En este artículo estudiamos el carácter de la inmigración romá/gitana de Europa oriental a España y los perííodos analííticamente distintos de este proceso migratorio. Nos hemos basado en una revisión de noticias publicadas en la prensa escrita utilizando la metodologíía de análisis de eventos históricos tal como ha sido desarrollada por historiadores de la accióón colectiva (ver Franzosi 1995; Olzak 1992). También, a partir de los datosde una investigación etnográfica en curso, describimos y analizamos la situacióón de los inmigrantes romá de Rumania en España atendiendo sobre todo a la organización social de sus comunidades o asentamientos, sus estrategias de búsqueda de recursos y las diferencias cruciales con las otras poblaciones de emigrantes. Esta emigracióón estáá generando también, sobre todo en las nuevas generaciones criadas en España, una nueva identidad donde convergen, se entrelazan y entran en conflicto varias influencias nacionales, étnico-culturales y morales y, en suma, una nueva forma de ser "gitanos" y romá en España que, por primera vez en siglos, se expresa en romaní y se diferencia notablemente de la cultura gitana española.