[en] A little is known about the genetic variability present in globe artichoke, cultivated and wild cardoons. This knowledgeis very important for efficient genetic resources utilization, and to gain a better understanding of genetic structure of thisbotanical varieties. With the aims to determine genetic distances between Cynara cardunculus accessions and to compare two molecular markers systems for their efficiency to differ between botanical varieties, a molecular characterization of sixteen accessions from different geographical origins was performed. Seven SSR and seven SRAP markers were usedfor varieties characterization and to calculate genetic distances between them. Both distance matrices were subjected to cluster analysis. Exclusive SSR alleles were found for globe artichoke and for wild cardoon, but non exclusive alleleswere found for cultivated cardoon. For both markers systems two major groups were identified, one of them includedmostly globe artichoke accessions and the other one grouped mainly cardoons. The differences observed in the sub-clusterconformation with each marker systems may be due to intrinsic characteristics of the markers. Concluding, both kind of molecular markers are valuable tools for studying genetic distances between C. cardunculus accessions although theygive different information. Nevertheless, SSR electrophoretic profiles are simpler to score than SRAP markers becausethey consist of just a few bands. As well, bands are highly informative because of the great number of alleles existing inpopulation and they are codominant markers. In addition, SSR's use would reduce time and costs.

[es] En la actualidad existe poca informaci&oacute;n acerca de la variabilidad gen&eacute;tica presente en alcachofa y cardos (silvestres y cultivados). Conocer esta variabilidad es importante para utilizar eficientemente los recursos gen&eacute;ticos disponibles y comprender la estructura gen&eacute;tica de estas variedades bot&aacute;nicas. Con el objetivo de determinar las distancias gen&eacute;ticas entre accesiones de Cynara cardunculus y comparar dos sistemas de marcadores moleculares en cuanto a su eficiencia para establecer diferencias entre las variedades, se realiz&oacute; la caracterizaci&oacute;n molecular de 16 accesiones de diferentes or&iacute;genes geogr&aacute;ficos. Para ello se utilizaron siete primers SSR y siete SRAP. Se calcularon las distancias gen&eacute;ticas y ambas matrices fueron sometidas a an&aacute;lisis de agrupamiento. Se encontraron alelos SSR exclusivos para alcachofa y cardo silvestre, pero no para cardo cultivado. El an&aacute;lisis de agrupamiento con ambos marcadorespermiti&oacute; identificar dos grandes grupos, el primero incluy&oacute; mayoritariamente accesiones de alcachofa mientras queel segundo agrup&oacute; a la mayor&iacute;a de los cardos. Las diferencias observadas en la formaci&oacute;n de sub-grupos con ambos sistemas se deber&iacute;an a caracter&iacute;sticas intr&iacute;nsecas de los mismos. En conclusi&oacute;n, ambos sistemas de marcadores resultan herramientas v&aacute;lidas para el estudio de distancias gen&eacute;ticas en C. cardunculus a pesar de que ambos brindandiferente tipo de informaci&oacute;n. Sin embargo, los patrones electrofor&eacute;ticos obtenidos con SSR son m&aacute;s simples de analizar que los SRAP ya que consisten en s&oacute;lo unas pocas bandas, altamente informativas debido a que existe un elevado n&uacute;mero de alelos codominantes en la poblaci&oacute;n. Por otra parte, el uso de SSR permitir&iacute;a reducir tiempos y costos.