[en] The increase in the use of composite materials in recent years has led the industry into the development of new composite manufacturing processes, like the 3D ultraviolet pultrusion. These new manufacturing processes usually reduce manufacturing costs, cycle time or both. Ensuring the quality of the parts manufactured with these new processes is critical. Therefore, it is necessary to gain knowledge on these manufacturing processes, especially on the behavior of the material during the cure. To monitor these processes, the development of new non-destructive inspection techniques is required. For the 3D ultraviolet pultrusion, the use of non-contact non-destructive testing is necessary. Moreover, for structural parts, ensuring the required mechanical properties gives added value to the part. In this thesis, the viability of air-coupled ultrasonics for plate-like fiber reinforced parts manufacturing is evaluated. At first, isotropic materials are evaluated, considering the ultraviolet cure of a vinyl ester resin. Air-coupled ultrasonics has proved to be fast enough to follow the ultraviolet cure, with quasi-normal ultrasonic spectroscopy. Then, the mechanical properties in fiber reinforced polymers with air-coupled ultrasonics are evaluated. The optimal set-up to generate leaky Lamb waves in plates with different properties is defined. Air-coupled ultrasonics showed that is what difficult to generate Lamb modes with different velocities, although it was possible with a mixed air-coupled laser ultrasonics set-up. Last, leaky Lamb waves where used with air-coupled ultrasonics to evaluate the properties of a fiber reinforced polymer during the thermal cure. The stiffness tensor of the composite was measured during the cure observing the largest variation at the last stages of the cure. The main conclusion of this thesis is that the potential of air-coupled ultrasonics to monitor the fiber reinforced manufacturing processes is elevated. It can presents both the speed required to monitor fast curing processes like ultraviolet cure, with single measurements in less than a second; and the ability to characterize the full matrix of an orthotropic fiber reinforced polymer, through the use of micromechanical models. Air-coupled ultrasonics can be used to characterize the properties of materials with different geometries, like curves or hollow.

[eu] Material konposatuen erabileraren hazkundeak azken urteetan, material konposatuetarako fabrikazio prozesu berriak garatzera bultzatu du industria, esaterako, 3D pultrusio ultramorea. Fabrikazio prozesu berri hauek, oro har, kostuak, zikloaren denbora edota biak murrizten dituzte. Prozesu berri hauekin fabrikatutako piezen kalitatea bermatzea ezinbestekoa da. Hori dela eta, beharrezkoa da fabrikazio prozesu horien inguruko ezagutza lortzea, batez ere materialak ontzeko garaian. Prozesu horien jarraipena egiteko, suntsitzaileak ez diren ikuskapen teknika berriak garatzea beharrezkoa da. 3D pultrusio ultramorearentzako, beharrezkoa da kontaktu gabeko teknika ez suntsitzaileak erabiltzea. Gainera,pieza estrukturalen kasuan, beharrezkoak diren propietate mekanikoak bermatzeak balio erantsia ematen dio piezei. Tesi honetan zuntzekin indartutako polimerozko plaka motako piezak, airez akoplaturiko ultrasoinuarekin erabiltzeko bideragarritasuna ebaluatu da. Hasieran, material isotropoak ebaluatu dira, binilester erretxina baten ontze ultramorea kontuan hartuta. Airearen akoplamenduarekin egindako ultrasoinuek ultravioleta ontzea jarraitu ahal izateko nahikoa azkarra dela frogatu da, ultrasoinuen espektroskopia bidez, angelu ia normala dela medio. Ondoren, airezko ultrasoinuekin zuntzekin indartutako polimerozko plaken propietate mekanikoak ebaluatzen dira. Airez akoplaturiko ultrasoinuekin Lamb uhinak sortzeko konfigurazio hoberena ebaluatzen da, propietate desberdinak dituzten plakekin. Airearen akoplamenduaerabiltzen duten ultrasoinuek agerian uzten dute zaila dela abiadura ezberdineko Lamb moduak sortzea, baina laser eta airezko ultrasoinuen konfigurazio mistoarekin posible izan zen. Azkenik, airez sorturiko Lamb uhinak erabili dira ontze termikoan zuntzez indartutako polimero baten propietateak zehazteko. Material konposatuko zurruntasuna ontze garaian neurtu zen, ontzearen amaieran aldakuntza handienak ikusiz. Tesi honen ondorio nagusia hauxe da: airez akoplaturiko ultrasoinuekin zuntzekin indartutako polimerozko fabrikazio prozesuak kontrolatzeko duen potentziala handia dela. Bai ultramore ontze prozesu azkarra bezalako prozesuetan, behar den abiadura izan dezake, segundo bat baino gutxiagoko neurketekin; eta zuntz indartutako polimero baten zurruntasunaren matrize neurtzeko gaitasuna, eredu mikromekanikoak erabiliz. airez akoplaturiko ultrasoinuekin geometria ezberdinekin materialen propietateak neurtzeko erabil daitezke, kurbatuak eta hutsak adibidez.