[en] Because of the limitations and problems associated with fossil fuels, it is necessary to promote sustainable energy sources, as well as environmentally friendly ones. The development of a viable production of the compound 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) from a renewable source such as biomass is the main objective of the work process. MTHF is obtained from biomass bipolymers, such as cellulose and hemicellulose. In the process of getting it two steps can be differentiated: on the one hand, the hydrolysis of biomass for levulinic acid (LA) and the hydrogenation to obtain gamma-valerolactone (GVL). On the other hand, the obtaining of MTHF from GVL, that is the step in which this project will be based. In order to obtain catalysts that were as stable and active as possible, several catalysts Ni-Cu/ Al2O3 were prepared with the optimum ratio of metal (2 Ni: 1 Cu), which has been obtained in previous project investigations. Various parameters were analysed in order to achieve the objective, being the effect of the amount of metal Ni-Cu the first. In addition, with the characterisation of each catalyst, the results obtained could be associated with the physicochemical characteristics of the catalysts. With those analyses it was observed that characteristics of the active phases of the catalyst are more important than the amount of them. Also, using TPR and XRD methods, you can see the importance of the particle size and the interaction between the metals and the support. Once detected the optimum amount of metal, the influence of the preparation method of the catalyst was analysed. The behaviour of 3 different methods of catalyst preparation were observed, where the most important parameters for the characterisation of catalyst were analysed in order to choose the most suitable. Finally, the stability of the most active catalysts was analysed. For this purpose, each selected catalyst was reused a few times to see if the activity kept constant or decreased in each reuse. In case the activity decreased, several hypotheses were considered to explain why that happened. Compared with other catalysts that have been used in several investigations, it can be concluded that the catalyst Ni-Cu/Al2O3 can become one of the possible catalysts to be used in the reaction of obtaining MTHF fuel. The results derived from these tests have been interesting in terms of yields, conversion and selectivity. In presence of various catalysts, high yields and selectivity of MTHF were obtained. Having a high selectivity value makes the product easier to separate from the others. Furthermore, factors such as the use of a green solvent and the fact that catalyst metals are non-noble, present advantages in terms of environment.

[eu] Erregai fosilek dakartzaten mugen eta arazoen ondorioz, beharrezkoa da izaera energetiko berriztagarriak eta aldi berean, ingurugiroarekiko errespetagarriak diren energia-iturri berriak garatzea. 2-Metiltetrahidrofurano (MTHF) konposatua iturri berriztagarri batetik, biomasatik, lortzeko prozesu bideragarri bat garatzea da lan honen helburu nagusia. Biomasaren zelulosa eta hemizelulosa bipolimeroetatik lortu ahal da MTHF konposatua. Prozesu honetan bi pausu ezberdindu daitezke: batetik, biomasaren hidrolisia azido lebulinikoa (LA) lortzeko eta honen hidrogenazioa gamma-valerolactona (GVL) lortzeko. Bestetik, proiektu hau oinarrituko den pausua, hau da, GVL-tik abiatuz MTHF lortzea. Proiektua hasi baino lehen eginiko beste ikerketa batzuetan lortutako metal-ratio optimoarekin (2 Ni: 1 Cu) Ni-Cu/Al2O3 katalizatzaile ezberdinak prestatu ziren. Horrela, denetatik katalizatzaile egonkorrena eta aktiboena lortzeko helburuarekin. Helburu hau lortu ahal izateko, hainbat parametro ezberdin aztertu ziren. Ni-Cu metal-kantitatearen efektua izan zen azterturiko lehenengo parametroa. Katalizatzaileen karakterizazioari esker, lorturiko emaitzak ezaugarri fisiko-kimikoekin erlazionatu ziren, non katalizatzaileen fase aktiboen ezaugarriak, fase aktiboen kantitatea baino garrantzitsuagoa zela ikusi zen. Bestetik, XRD eta TPR metodoen bitartez, partikula-tamainaren eta metal eta euskarrien arteko interakzioaren garrantzia ikusi zen. Behin kantitate optimoa aurkituta, katalizatzailea prestatzeko metodoaren influentzia aztertu zen. 3 prestaketa-metodo ezberdinen portaera ikusi ondoren, egokiena aukeratu ahal izateko orduan ere katalizatzaileen karakterizazioan garrantzitsuak ziren parametroak aztertu ziren. Azkenik, aukeraturiko katalizatzaile aktiboenen egonkortasuna analizatu zen, katalizatzaile bakoitza bizpahiru aldiz erabiliz. Horrela aktibotasuna mantendu edota galtzen zuen analizatu zen, eta galduz gero, hainbat hipotesiren bitartez zergatia azaldu. Beste ikerketetan erabilitako katalizatzaileekin konparazioa eginez, Ni-Cu/Al2O3 katalizatzailea aukeretako bat bihur daiteke MTHF bioerregaia lortzeko erreakzioaren erabileran. Izan ere, entseguetan lorturiko emaitzak interesgarriak gertatu dira, bai errendimendu, bai konbertsio eta baita selektibotasun aldetik. MTHF-ren errendimendu nahiko altua lortu da entseguetan erabilitako katalizatzaile batzuen presentzian, eta gainera, selektibotasun balio altuak lortu direnez, produktuak erraz araztu ahal izango dira. Beste alde batetik, disolbatzaile berdearen erabilerak eta katalizatzailea osatzen duten metalak ez nobleak izateak ingurugiro aldetik abantailak aurkezten dituzte.