[en] In order to meet the goals established on an international level concerning the reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions, it is necessary to mitigate the impact of the building sector, responsible for 36% of global final energy consumption and 37% of energy-related CO2 emissions in 2020. Recently, both the techniques and the materials used in the construction industry have been reviewed, as well as the requirements that national and international government organizations impose on buildings. In the European Union, since December 2020, nearly zero energy buildings -nZEB- have become the new building paradigm. The Passivhaus construction standard guarantees compliance with these requirements, since it requires the use of building components with high thermal qualities. In accordance with this standard, it is possible to validate buildings and construction components with optimal energy performance. In this context, the construction system object of this research emerges. It is a modular construction system of extruded aluminum panels produced in Pontevedra, Spain. Nowadays it is used in residential constructions in the northwest of the country. The objective was to assess its hygrothermal performance according to the criteria of the Passivhaus standard for components, suitable for warm temperate climates. Hygiene, comfort, efficiency and moisture criteria indicated in the standard were analyzed. The solutions adopted in the construction system were also studied by means of hygrothermal performance simulation of fourteen construction details. On the one hand, the comparison revealed that eight of the fourteen details meet the hygiene criterion. Six window connections showed a hygrothermal performance below the Passivhaus standards both in the hygiene criterion and in the comfort criterion. On the other hand, all details meet the efficiency criterion concerning the thermal transmittance of the external component. The study revealed that six of the eight purely opaque details comply with the temperature factor required in the efficiency criteria. In addition, it was shown that five of the eight purely opaque details have a linear thermal transmittance that complies with the limit established by the standard. Based on these results, modifications were proposed in the construction details that presented deficiencies. Modifications covered three aspects: materials, dimensions and connections between components of the construction system. After simulating the new details, it was confirmed that the modifications suggested are able to optimize their hygrothermal performance.

[gl] Para cumprir cos obxectivos establecidos a nivel internacional relativos á redución do consumo enerxético e das emisións de dióxido de carbono, é necesario mitigar o impacto do sector da construción, responsable do 36% do consumo global de enerxía final e do 37% das emisións de dióxido de carbono relacionadas coa enerxía en 2020. Nos últimos anos revisáronse tanto as técnicas como os materiais empregados no sector da construción, así como as esixencias que as organizacións gobernamentais nacionais e internacionais impoñen aos edificios. Na Unión Europea, dende decembro de 2020, os edificios de enerxía case nula convertéronse no novo paradigma da edificación. A norma de construción Passivhaus garante o cumprimento destes esixencias, xa que require o uso de compoñentes de construción con altas calidades térmicas. De acordo con esta norma, é posible certificar edificios e compoñentes da construción cun rendemento enerxético óptimo. Neste contexto, xorde o sistema construtivo obxecto desta investigación. Trátase dun sistema de construción modular de paneis de aluminio extruído producido en Pontevedra, España. Actualmente utilízase na construción de vivendas no noroeste do país. O obxectivo era avaliar o seu comportamento higrotérmico segundo os criterios da norma Passivhaus para compoñentes, indicado para climas temperados cálidos. Analizáronse os criterios de hixiene, confort, eficiencia e humidade establecidos na norma. Así mesmo, estudáronse as solucións adoptadas no sistema construtivo mediante a simulación do comportamento higrotérmico de catorce detalles construtivos. Por unha banda, a comparativa revelou que oito dos catorce detalles cumpren o criterio de hixiene. Seis conexións de fiestras mostraron un rendemento higrotérmico inferior ao estándar Passivhaus, tanto no criterio de hixiene como no de confort. Por outra banda, todos os detalles cumpren o criterio de eficiencia relativo á transmitancia térmica do compoñente externo. O estudo revelou que seis dos oito detalles estritamente opacos cumpren co factor de temperatura esixido no criterio de eficiencia. Ademais, demostrouse que cinco dos oito detalles estritamente opacos teñen unha transmitancia térmica lineal que cumpre co límite establecido pola norma. A partir destes resultados propuxéronse modificacións nos detalles construtivos que presentaban deficiencias. As modificacións abarcaron tres aspectos: materialidade, dimensións e conexións entre compoñentes do sistema construtivo. Tras simular os novos detalles, comprobouse que as modificacións propostas poden optimizar o seu comportamento higrotérmico.