BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] The linkage generated between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and security has created a legal barrier that prevents persons with HIV from gaining access to uniformed security bodies. In Spain, persons with HIV are excluded in the medical conditions charts and in the medical tests included in the public examinations for access to uniformed security bodies at national, regional and local levels. The scientific evidence supporting HIV strategy of treatment-asprevention entails that a generic exclusion based on the person with HIV's health condition could be an excessive limitation upon the right to have access to the public service and also a differentiated treatment that is discriminatory because such exclusion is not necessary, neither reasonable nor proportional in the light of the intended objective.

[eu] Giza inmunoeskasiaren birusaren (Hiesa) eta segurtasunaren arteko harremanak legezko hesi bat sortu du, eta hesi horrek oztopoak jartzen dizkie Hiesa duten pertsonei segurtasuneko uniformedun kidegoan sartzeko. Espainian, Hiesa duten pertsonak baztertu egiten dituzte segurtasuneko uniformedun kidegoko oposaketetako deialdietan egiten diren koadro mediko eta proba medikoetan, bai estatu mailan, baita autonomia eta toki mailan ere. Hiesa prebenitzeko tratamendu estrategia oinarri duen ebidentzia zientifikoaren ondorioz Hiesa duten pertsonen osasun egoeran oinarritutako bazterketa generikoak pertsona horiek funtzio publikoan sartu ahal izateko eskubidea gehiegi mugatu lezake, eta gainera, tratu ezberdina ematen zaie, diskriminatzailea dena bazterketa hori ez baita beharrezkoa, ezta arrazoizkoa ezta proportzionala ere lortu nahi den helburuarekiko.
[en] The impact of the pandemic has led to many changes and unusual transitions in the job market. This article focuses on just one of them: the potential "deactivation" of part of the working age population in Spain as a whole and in the Basque country in particular in the context of the 2020 lockdown. Cross-sectoral and flow micro-data from the Working Age Population Survey [Encuesta de Población Activa] are used to describe the processes of inactivity, and several multi-variant models are calculated. In general lines, the profile of the individuals at risk of disconnection from employment has changed very little. Economic causes are behind the deactivation recorded in the second quarter of the year, and there is no clear evidence of deactivation associated with family circumstances in 2020.

[eu] Pandemiaren eraginak ezohiko aldaketa eta trantsizio ugari eragin ditu lan-merkatuan. Artikulu honek horietako bat du aztergai: biztanleria aktiboaren zati baten balizko "desaktibazioa" Espainia osoan eta Euskadin, 2020ko konfinamenduaren ondorioz. Biztanleria Aktiboaren Inkestako zeharkako edo fluxuen araberako mikrodatuak aztertuta, jarduerarik ezeko prozesuak deskribatzen dira, hainbat eredu multialdakor baloratuta. Orokorrean, lan-jardueratik deskonektatzeko arriskua duten pertsonen profila ez da ia aldatu. Urteko bigarren hiruhilekoan erregistratutako desaktibazioaren atzean, arrazoi ekonomikoak daude. 2020an, ez dago ebidentzia garbirik desaktibazioa egoera familiarraren ondorioz gertatu dela adierazten duenik.
[en] This paper sets out the development of Gustav Henningsen?s research in the fields of anthropology, history and archival science. It also summarises the meaning of his work as a whole, as well as the main contributions he has made to knowledge of various topics in the social and cultural history of Europe in the modern age, such as the magical practices and beliefs of the societies of the past. These contributions include his discoveries and studies of collections from the archives of the Spanish Inquisition, the innovative working methods he applied to them and the creation of tools for analysis that have been used by scholars to achieve outstanding results in the production of knowledge.

[eu] Lan honetan adierazten da Gustav Henningsenen ikerlanak zer bilakaera izan zuen antropologia, historia eta artxibozaintzaren alorretan. Haren obraren zentzua ere azaltzen da; baita zer ekarpen nagusi egin dituen ere Aro Modernoko Europaren historia sozial eta kulturalean; besteak beste, antzinako gizarteen praktika eta sineste magikoen esparruari dagokionez. Haren ekarpenetako batzuk dira Espainiako Inkisizioaren artxiboetatik datozen funts batzuk aurkitu eta aztertzea, haiei lan-metodo berritzaileak aplikatzea eta gerora erabili diren analisi-tresnak sortzea.
[en] This paper studies the relations between the Portuguese nation's businessmen and the nobles and ministers of the viceroyalty of New Spain during the 17th century. Through the study of a specific case, such as the relationship between the merchant Simón Váez Sevilla and the nobleman García de Valdés, some of the fundamental elements that constituted such relationships and their evolution over time until the political crisis that took place in Mexico in the 1640s will be examined. This study aims to show fundamental aspects of the process of integration and social promotion experienced by the Portuguese population in Mexican society, as well as the limits of this process.

[eu] Lan honek nazio portugaldarreko negozio-gizonek eta Espainia Berriko Erregeorderriko noble eta ministroek xvii. mendean zituzten harremanak ditu aztergai. Kasu zehatz bat aztertuko da, hain zuzen Simón Váez Sevilla merkatariaren eta García de Valdes noblearen arteko harremana, eta, hortik abiatuta, harreman horiek eratu zituzten funtsezko elementuetako batzuk aztertuko dira, bai eta harreman horien bilakaera ere 1640ko hamarkadan Mexikon izan zen krisi politikoa gertatu zen arte. Azterlan honen bidez, portugaldarrek Mexikoko gizartean integratzeko eta promozionatzeko bizi izandako prozesuaren funtsezko alderdiak erakutsi nahi dira, bai eta prozesu horrek izan zituen mugak ere.
[en] This thesis discusses the development of a new methodology for 3D printing of TiO2 nanoparticles and its applications in air purification and hydrogen production. A dosage has been obtained that allows 3D printing by DIW (Direct Ink Writing), based on chemical sintering. For this, it requires a paste of high acidity, together with a thermal post-treatment with a minimum temperature of 150°C, without the need for the use of binders. In this way prints are obtained, whose structure is formed exclusively by TiO2 nanoparticles joined by oxygen bridges. The prints obtained by means of this methodology, present a high photocatalytic activity, showing a great photooxidation capacity for acetaldehyde. In addition, through different combinations of acid and post-treatment temperature, modifications in the reaction mechanisms can be obtained, allowing a greater adaptability to other compounds to be degraded. The lower process limitations and reduction of the temperature of the post-treatment compared to previous methodologies, have allowed the incorporation of the titania 3D prints to the surface of different construction materials, such as glass, aluminium or cementitious materials. In this way, a new photocatalytic façade concept is obtained, which presents an increase in photocatalytic activity compared to other previously developed solutions. Finally, the incorporation of preformed gold nanoparticles on the titania prints has been studied, with satisfactory results in the production of hydrogen through the photoreforming of ethanol.

[eu] Tesi honetan, TiO2 nanopartikulen 3Dko inprimaketaren metodologia berri bat garatu da. Gainera, airearen arazketan eta hidrogenoa ekoizpenean duten aplikazioa aztertu dira. Dosifikazio bat lortu da, materialen estrusio zuzenaren bitartez, 3D inprimaketa ahalbidetzen duena. Hau, sinterizazio kimikoan dago oinarrituta, aglutinatzaileak erabiltzeko beharrik gabe. Horretarako, azidotasun handiko pasta bat beharrezkoa da, baita gutxieneko 150°C-ko tenperaturarekin tratamendu termikoa ere. Modu honetan, 3Dko inprimaketak lortzen dira, oxigenozko zubien bitartez lotzen diren TiO2 nanopartikulez osatuak. Metodologia honen bitartez lortutako inpresioek jarduera fotokatalitiko handia aurkezten dute, azetaldehidoaren fotooxidaziorako gaitasun handia erakutsiz. Horretaz gain, azido eta post-tratamenduko tenperaturaren konbinazio desberdinen bidez, erreakzio mekanismoetan aldaketak lor daitezke, degradatu beharreko konposatuei moldagarritasun handiagoa ahalbidetuz. Aurrez garatutako metodologiekin alderatuta, prozesuaren mugak murrizteak eta post-tratamenduaren gutxieneko tenperatura jaisteak, eraikuntzako material desberdinen gainazaletan inpresioak sartzea ahalbidetu du, hala nola, beira, aluminioa edo porlanezko materialak. Horrela, eraikinen azal fotokatalitikoen kontzeptu berri bat lortzen da, askoz jarduera fotokatalitiko handiagoa duena aurrez garatutako irtenbideekin alderatuta. Azkenik, titanio dioxidozko inpresioetan aurrez eratutako urrezko nanopartikulak sartzea aztertu da, etanolaren argi-erreformaketaren bidez hidrogenoa ekoizteko emaitza onak lortuz
[en] The use of adhesive joints in industrial structural applications is currently growing. Nevertheless, the designing process is still a challenge for engineers because there is a lack of effective models to predict their behaviour. In particular, the use of flexible adhesives has been become a trend in the industry because of the advantages that they offer, and many research are ongoing in order to develop effective analytical models for its design. Current models, which are developed for compressible rigid adhesives, are unable to accurately predict the behaviour of flexible adhesives joints with low elastic modulus, incompressibility and large strain to failure. The more advanced analytical models take in account the elasticity of adhesive as a constant distribution and still they do not offer enough precision because they do not consider the influence of the stress state to the stiffness, the influence of the damage and the large deformations present in the adhesive layer.

[eu] Lotura itsasgarriak interes handiko loturak dira aplikazio estrukturaletarako eta bereerabilera nabarmenki handitzen joan da industria mailan. Hala ere, gaur egun loturaitsasgarrien diseinuak erronka izaten jarraitzen du, ingeniariek horien portaera ezagutzekoeredu egokirik ez daukatelako. Konkretuki, itsasgarri malguen erabilera joera bilakatuda industria mailan, eskaintzen dituzten abantailengatik, eta hori dela eta ahalegin handiakegiten ari dira eredu analitiko eraginkorragoak lortzeko. Erabilgarri dauden ereduak,itsasgarri zurrun konprimigarrietarako garatuak zainik, ez dira gai modulu elastiko baxua,konprimitzeko ezintasuna eta haustura arteko deformazio handiak jasaten dituztenitsasgarri malguen jarrera iragartzeko. Eredu analitiko garatuenek itsasgarriaren malgutasunarenefektua banaketa konstante bezala moduan agertzen dute, eta oraindik zehaztasunfalta dute, zurruntasunaren tentsio egoeraren efektuak, kaltearen eragina eta itsasgarriangertatzen diren deformazio handiak kontuan hartzen ez dituztelako.
[en] The last two centuries have been times of radical transformation for European cities. Society, economy and technical and technological development have simultaneously shaped the political capitals of the territory. The analytical view of these phenomena of change is mostly focused on the main actors, but the periphery, the secondary actors, have also played, and will continue to play, a fundamental role in the future. The study work makes a locality of the periphery the protagonist, in order to understand the external keys coming from the city, and internal ones, which have configured its structure and life throughout time.

[eu] Azken bi mendeak eraldaketa-garaia erradikalak izan dira Europako hirientzat. Gizarteak, ekonomiak eta garapen tekniko eta teknologikoak moldatu dituzte lurraldeko hiriburu politikoak. Aldaketa-fenomeno horien begirada analitikoa aktore nagusiengan zentratzen da gehienbat, baina periferiak, bigarren mailako aktoreek ere jokatu dute, eta etorkizunean ere funtsezko papera hartzen jarraituko dute. Azterlanak, periferiako herri bat aukeratzen du protagonista, hiritik datozen kanpoko eta herriak dituen gakoek, egitura eta bizitza denboran zehar nola taxutu dituzten ulertzeko.
[en] The quality of witness, in some processes, is notablely dangerous. The impossibility of appearance of some witness can bring to proffs' difficulties, which, amongst other reasons, leads to the promulgation of the Law about protection to informers, witnwsses and experts in some criminal cases. The legislative genesis of this Law is analyzed, refering the limits established by the sentences of the European Court of Human Rights, and commenting the jurisprudence of the Spanish Constitutional and High Court in relation to its performance.

[eu] Lekuko izatea arriskutsu samarra da zenbait prozesutan. Lekukoren bat ezin agertu izatea oztopo izan daiteke frogak burutzeko. Besteak beste, horixe hartu da kontuan zenbait kausa kriminaletako salatzaile, lekuko eta perituen babesari buruzko legea aldarrikatzerakoan. Azterlan honetan zehatz-mehatz aztertzen da lege horren sorrera, Giza Eskubideen Europako Auzitegiaren epaiek ezarritako mugak aipatzen dira, eta Konstituzio Auzitegiak eta Auzitegi Gorenak haren ezarpenari buruz egin duten jurisprudentzia jorratzen da.
[en] The next research is based on child literature, specifically on the presence and treatment of special needs in child literature. In this research work is proposed an analysis of the most commonly used stories at schools around me, specifically, in 2nd grade in Primary and an analysis of stories with specific needs will be carried out. The proposed issue is important because there are more and more people in our immediate reality with special needs, and it is essential to develop empathy for these people, to understand their situation, to help them and to bring them together. In order to accomplish this, it is up to the teacher to work on it at school from childhood. An attractive and motivating resource is a tale. It has been noted through this research that there are a few books about special needs and most of the works found in our schools are written in Spanish.

[eu] EUS] Ondorengo ikerketa lana, haur literaturan oinarritzen da, zehazki behar bereziak haur literaturan duten presentzia eta lanketa aztertuko da. Ikerketa lan honetan, gure eskoletan, LHko 2. mailan hain zuzen erabiltzen diren ipuinen analisia proposatzen da eta behar berezi espezifikoak dituzten ipuinen analisia egingo da. Proposatutako gaia garrantzitsua da gure errealitate hurbilean gero eta behar berezidun pertsona gehiago daude eta, pertsona horiekiko enpatia garatzeko, beraien egoera ulertzeko, laguntzeko eta harremantzeko estrategiak eskuratzea ezinbestekoa da. Hori lortzeko, irakaslearen esku dago txikitatik eskolan horren lanketa egitea. Horretarako baliabide erakargarria eta motibagarria ipuina da. Ikerketa lan honen bitartez antzeman izan da gure eskoletan behar bereziko liburuen presentzia txikia dela eta euskaraz gai hori tratatzen duten oso lan gutxi daudela eta, batez ere, gaztelaniazko liburuetan lantzen dela.
[en] Gender segregation and stereotypes in society are also reflected in sports, which has a direct impact on students' attitudes and opinions towards them. Therefore, as you work to achieve gender equality in the classroom, it is important to pay attention and work on students' attitudes towards sport and Physical Education too. In this project, an intervention proposal is made to work on gender distinction and attitudes in sport with Primary School students. Some elementary school students have completed a questionnaire on sexist attitudes to identify their views and needs on this topic. Subsequently, an intervention proposal was designed based on the students' responses and an evaluation was carried out to determine their suitability.

[eu] Gizartean ematen diren genero bereizketa eta estereotipoak kirol munduan ere islatzen dira eta hauek eragin zuzena daukate ikasleek kirolarekiko dituzten jarrera zein iritzietan. Horregatik, gela barruan genero berdintasuna lortzeko lanketak egiten diren bezala, garrantzitsua da ikasleek kirolarekiko eta Gorputz Hezkuntzarekiko dituzten jarrerei arreta jartzea eta hauen lanketa egitea. Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan, Lehen Hezkuntzako ikasleekin kiroletan ematen diren genero bereizketa eta jarreren lanketa egiteko, esku-hartze proposamen bat egiten da. Lehen Hezkuntzako bigarren zikloko ikasle batzuek jarrera sexisten inguruko galdetegi bat bete dute gai honen inguruko iritziak eta premiak zeintzuk diren identifikatzeko. Ostean, ikasleen erantzunetatik abiatuta esku-hartze proposamena diseinatu da eta honen egokitasuna zehazteko ebaluazioa egin da.
[en] Within Atrox complex, Bothrops leucurus is the commonest pit-viper in the atlantic forest of Bahia state, It is polimorphic and shows color variability related to geographic, ontogenic an sexual characters. Several research have been already carried out on continental populations, but not on insular populations at BTS yet. The aim of this work is to describe an insular population of Bothrops aff. leucurus, based on the strains pattern, pholidosis and body size. As our relative little sample size (n=20) is susceptible to type II error when Student t test is carry out, and despite differences between continental and insular populations have not been analyzed statistically, our data are still valuable. In fact, it will be possible to use them as base in further studies. We have observed smaller SVL average value in our insular population and more limited size range too. Nevertheless, no significant differences between sexes were found. Gathered pholidosis data (scale counting) coincide with values previously published by other authors for Bothrops leucurus, although our sample shows more restricted scale ranges. Strains patterns of stain were analyzed and reproduced for all specimens and two main patterns were distinguished and described. The differences observed could be explained by the island limited resources, since smaller specimens would be positively selected.

[eu] Atrox konplexuko espezieen barruan, Bothrops leucurus (Wagler, 1824) Bahia estatuko oihan atlantikoko sugegorri espezie arruntena da. Polimorfikoa da eta ezaugarri geografikoekin, ontogenikoekin eta sexuarekin erlazionatutako kolore aldakortasuna aurkezten du. Jadanik hainbat ikerketa burutu dira kontinenteko populazioei buruz, baina, oraindik ez da lanik egin BTS badiako populazio uhartetarrekin. Lan honen xedea Bothrops aff. leucurus populazio uhartetarraren deskribapena burutzea izan da, orbanen ereduetan, folidosian eta gorputz tamainan oinarriturik. Lagin tamaina erlatiboki txikia izanik (n=20), Student t testeko emaitzak type II erroreen menpe daude eta kontinenteko eta uharteko populazioen arteko ezberdintasunak estatistikoki ikertu izan ez diren arren, gure datuak garrantzia dute. Izan ere, ikerketa sakonagoetan oinarri bezala erabili ahal izango dira. Biometriari dagokionez, gure populazio uhartetarrean batazbesteko MKL txikiagoa ikusi dugu eta balioen tarteak murritzagoak dira. Ez da sexuen arteko ezberdintasun esangarririk topatu gorputzeko neurrientzat. Folidosian (ezkata zenbateka) lortutako datuak, beste autoreek Bothrops leucurus-entzat deskribatutako parametroekin bat datozen arren, gure laginak ezkata tarte mugatuagoak ageri ditu. Orban ereduak ale guztietan behatu eta irudikatu ostean, oro har bi eredu ezberdindu eta deskribatzea posible izan da. Behatuak izan diren ezberdintasunak, uhartetako baliagai-hornidura mugatuen ondorio gisa uler daitezke, izan ere, halako baldintzetan ale txikiagoak positiboki hautatuak izango liratekeelako.
[en] Carbon disulfide (CS2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) are highly toxic gases, which are emitted to the atmosphere in a large number of industrial sectors, mainly in the manufacture cellulose-based products in the case of CS2, and in the petrochemical industry in the case of H2S. The current legislation regarding such emissions makes their treatment necessary in many cases. Biofiltration as a technology for the treatment of contaminated gas streams represent an interesting alternative to the physicochemical methods used to date. However, one of the main operational problems that slows down the implementation of this biological treatment at industrial scale is the slow start-up phase, which may be too long for the commercial application of this technology, especially when treating CS2-pollutd gaseous emissions. This research work is focused on the study of these start-up and acclimation periods, particularly slow in the case of CS2, and a strategy for reducing the start-up phase is proposed. This strategy is based on the use of stored biomass, previously used for the biofiltration of the target compounds, as inoculum in biofilters in order to reduce the time required to achieve high removal efficiencies. At the same time, it has been concluded that short system shutdowns do not affect significantly system operation.

[eu] Karbono disulfuroa (CS2) eta hidrogeno sulfuroa (H2S) gas toxikoak dira. Konposatu hauek hainbat sektore industrialetan emititzen dira atmosferara; batez ere, zelulosatik eratorritako produktuak ekoizten dituzten prozesuetan, CS2-aren kasuan, eta industria petrokimikoan, H2S-aren kasuan. Egun, gas emisio horiek atmosferara isuri aurretik tratatzea beharrezkoa da, hainbat kasutan, indarrean dagoen legedia betetzeko. Azken urteotan, bioiragazkiak korronte gaseosoak tratatzeko aukera lehiakorra bihurtu dira eta, hainbat kasutan, tradizionalki erabili izan diren tratamendu fisiko-kimikoen ordezko bihurtu ere. Hala eta guztiz ere, sistema biologiko horien erabilpena ez dago oraindik industria mailan hedatua, abiatze fasean agertzen diren limitazioak direla eta, besteak beste. Lan honetan bioiragazkien abiatze fasea murrizteko hainbat estrategia ikertu da, bereziki motela dena CS2-a tratatzeko bioiragazkien kasuan. Aurretik aktibatutako eta gordetako biomasa betagarri berriarekin proportzio ezberdinetan nahastean oinarritzen den estrategia proposatu da, ezabapen eraginkortasun handietara heltzeko beharrezkoa den denbora murrizten duena. Aldi berean geraldi laburrek sistemaren eraginkortasunean eragin handia ez daukatela ondorioztatu egin da.
[en] Non-profit Organizations and also Social Innovation Enterprises are essential in any society because they play an important role in the identification and resolution of social and economic lacks, and they establish themselves, together with Public Institutions, as agents who provide social and economic cohesion in a practical sense, and contribute to the moral advance from an ethical point of view. The financial crisis hit drastically those organizations who has suffered cuts in their funding, especially publics funds. In the current context the open source technologies are helping to the development and survive of small sized organizations with little resources through several tools as Crowdfunding. Anyway, is important to remark that for the consolidation of crowdfunding as a fundraising tool, beyond a temporal phenomenon, is necessary some kind of regulation and control over it.

[eu] Irabazi-asmorik gabeko erakundeak eta berrikuntza sozialeko enpresak baita ere oso beharrezkoak dira edozein gizartetan, giza beharrak identifikaziorako eta gabezia sozio-ekonomikoak asetzen dituztelako. Administrazio publikoekin batera, kohesio sozial eta ekonomikorako eragile bihurtzen dira zentzu praktiko batean, eta aurrerapen morala garatzen dute arlo etikoan. Gaurko krisi finantzarioak bere finantzaketa-iturriak drastikoki murriztu ditu, jatorri publikoak gehienak. Kontestu honetan open source teknologiak baliabide gutxiko eta tamaina txikiko erakundeak laguntzen ari dira bere garapen eta biziraupenerako tresna ezberdinak eskainiz, Crowdfunding adibidez. Ez da ahaztu behar, hori bai, Crowdfunding-a fenomeno iragankorra baino gehiago izan dadila, erregulazio eta kontrola behar duela diru-bilketako mekanismo garrantzitsu bat ezartzeko.