[en] Living donor kidney transplantation (LDKT) is the best treatment option for end stage renal disease in terms of both patient and graft survival. However, figures on LDKT in Spain that had been continuously growing from 2005 to 2014, have experienced a continuous decrease in the last five years. One possible explanation for this decrease is that the significant increase in the number of deceased donors in Spain during the last years, both brain death and controlled circulatory death donors, might have generated the false idea that we have coped with the transplant needs. Moreover, a greater number of deceased donor kidney transplants have caused a heavy workload for the transplant teams. Furthermore, the transplant teams could have moved on to a more conservative approach to the information and assessment of patients and families considering the potential long-term risks for donors in recent papers. However, there is a significant variability in the LDKT rate among transplant centers and regions in Spain independent of their deceased donor rates. This fact and the fact that LDKT is usually a preemptive option for patients with advanced chronic renal failure, as time on dialysis is a negative independent factor for transplant outcomes, lead us to conclude that the decrease in LDKT depends on other factors. Thus, in the kidney transplant annual meeting held at ONT site in 2018, a working group was created to identify other causes for the decrease of LDKT in Spain and its relationship with the different steps of the process. The group was formed by transplant teams, a representative of the transplant group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology (SENTRA), a representative of the Spanish Society of Transplants (SET) and representatives of the Spanish National Transplant Organization (ONT). A self-evaluation survey that contains requests about the phases of the LDKT processes (information, donor work out, informed consent, surgeries, follow-up and human resources) were developed and sent to 33 LDKT teams. All the centers answered the questionnaire. The analysis of the answers has resulted in the creation of a national analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT) of the LDKT program in Spain and the development of recommendations targeted to improve every step of the donation process. The work performed, the conclusions and recommendations provided, have been reflected in the following report: Spanish living donor kidney transplant program assessment: recommendations for optimization. This document has also been reviewed by a panel of experts, representatives of the scientific societies (Spanish Society of Urology (AEU), Spanish Society of Nephrology Nursery (SEDEN), Spanish Society of Immunology (SEI/GETH)) and the patient association ALCER. Finally, the report has been submitted to public consultation, reaching ample consensus. In addition, the transplant competent authorities of the different regions in Spain have adopted the report at institutional level. The work done and the recommendations to optimize LDKT are summarized in the present manuscript, organized by the different phases of the donation process.

[es] El trasplante renal de donante vivo (TRDV) es la opción terapéutica con las mejores expectativas de supervivencia tanto para el injerto como para el paciente con enfermedad renal terminal; sin embargo, este tipo de trasplante ha experimentado un descenso progresivo en los últimos años en España. Entre las posibles explicaciones de esta disminución se encuentra su coincidencia en el tiempo con un aumento en el número de donantes renales fallecidos, tanto por muerte encefálica como por asistolia controlada, lo que podría haber generado una falsa impresión de que el TRDV ya no es necesario. Además, la mayor disponibilidad de riñones para trasplante habría supuesto un incremento en la carga de trabajo de los profesionales, lo que podría haber ralentizado los procesos de donación en vida. Otro posible argumento es un cambio hacia posturas más conservadoras a la hora de informar a pacientes y familiares sobre esta opción terapéutica, influido por publicaciones sobre los riesgos de la donación a largo plazo. Sin embargo, existe una variabilidad muy significativa en la actividad entre centros y comunidades autónomas que no se explica únicamente por el volumen de trasplantes procedentes de otros tipos de donante. Este hecho, junto con que la indicación de la donación renal en vida se realiza mayoritariamente en fases de enfermedad renal crónica avanzada (ERCA) y que el tiempo en diálisis es un factor pronóstico negativo para la supervivencia postrasplante, permite concluir que el descenso también depende de otros factores.