BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] English: This work determines the steps that have been taken in order to accomplish this Undergraduate Final Degree Project. The main objective of this engineering project is the computer-aided design and 3D printing of the structure of a seesaw system, in which an inclination control system is implanted. Firstly, general information about 3D design and printing is granted, along with another similar project's result. Hereafter, the established requirements for fulfilling the project are explained, followed by the development of the solution's design. The following process requires preparing the model before sending it to a 3D printer. Finally, the achieved part is inspected and some conclusions are drawn at the end of the paper.

[eu] Euskaraz: Lan honetan Gradu Amaierako Lana burutzeko emandako pausuak azaltzen dira. Ingeniaritza proiektu hau, balantzin sistema baten egituraren ordenagailuz lagundutako diseinuan eta 3D (hiru dimentsio) inprimaketan datza, jarraian maldaren kontrol sistema bat ezarriko zaiona. Hasteko, 3D diseinu eta inprimaketaren nondik norakoak eta proiektu honen antzeko lan bat ezagutarazi dira. Ondoren, diseinatu behar den piezak bete behar dituen eskakizunak azaldu dira, baita hauek asebetetzen dituen soluzioa izango den azken diseinuaren garapena ere. Jarraian, 3D inprimagailu batetara bidaltzeko beharrezkoa den prozesaketa burutu da. Amaitzeko, sortutako piezari azken azterketa bat egin zaio eta hainbat ondorio atera dira.
[en] The aim of this work is to create a corpus formed by albums of Children's and Young Adult's Literature and to analyse it through research. We have based the theoretical research on a solid framework by carrying out a bibliographic research on Children's and Young Adult's Literature, the album and loneliness. In the theoretical framework, we explain the evolution and concept of Children's and Young Adult's Literature, the peculiarities of the album as a literary genre, the treatment of uncomfortable topics in Children's and Young Adult's Literature, loneliness as theme and the link between Children's and Young Adult's Literature and loneliness. Apart from that we have defined the criteria that will generate our corpus and developed a method of analysis that corresponds to the objectives we pursue. The corpus is composed of albums published between the years 2000-2019. After reflection and publication of the results obtained through the research, they have been integrated into the conclusions. Finally, with a view to the future, we have made proposals to improve or modify this work.

[eu] Lan honen helburua gaia bakardadea duten Haur eta Gazte Literaturako hainbat albumek osatzen duten corpus bat sortzea eta aztertzea da. Ikerketa marko teorikoa sendo batean oinarritu dugu, Haur eta Gazte Literaturaren, albumaren eta bakardadearen inguruko bilaketa bibliografiko bat eginez. Marko teorikoan Haur eta Gazte Literaturaren bilakaera eta kontzeptua, albumak genero literario bezala dituen berezitasunak, Haur eta Gazte Literaturan gai deserosoen trataera, bakardadea eta umearen arteko lotura, eta Haur eta Gazte Literaturaren eta bakardadearen arteko harremana azaltzen dira. Ondoren gure corpusa sortuko duten irizpideak zehaztu eta analisirako metodoa garatu dugu, lortu nahi ditugun helburuekin bat egiten duena. Corpusa 2000-2019 urteetan argitaratutako zenbait albumek osatzen dute. Ikerketaren bitartez lortutako emaitzak plazaratu eta, gogoeta egin ostean, ondorioetan txertatu ditugu. Azkenik etorkizunari begira, lan hau hobetzeko edo aldatzeko proposamenak egin ditugu.
[en] In the field of sport, as in nearly every aspect of life, the use of polymeric materials is more frequent every day due to, among other properties, the fact that they are faster and cheaper to process and, at the same time, show a good mechanical resistance. Therefore, leather, iron, wood and other traditional material used in sport in the past have been replaced by high technology chemical products. In fact, it would be impossible nowadays to think a sport would survive without the use of such materials and still further to think of being competitive in the professional world. Handball is not an exception and thereby the use of polymers plays an essential role, that goes well beyond the sports equipment, in the coatings and protections players wear on the palms of their hands which is the research in this paper. For such protection, the use of special microcellular polyurethane called Sylomer is proposed, due to the great elasticity of such material, its resistance to water and therefore to sweat and the wide of loads it cover. To achieve this, several members of the Olarreta ball society in Larrabetzu will test different density materials with the different balls regarding their hardness in order to choose the most adequate with the aim to get results which are at least equal to those at the moment with the material currently used; in that case, a future deeper research will be opened about the material or, in contrary, it will be excluded.

[eu] Kirolean, bizitzaren alderdi gehienetan bezala, material polimerikoen aplikazioak gero eta ugariagoak dira. Material hauek, prozesatzeko azkarrak eta ekonomikoak izateaz gain, erresistentzia mekaniko ezin hobea aurkezten dute. Modu honetan, larruzko, burdinazko edo egurrezko materialak, teknologia altuko konposatu kimikoei bidea utzi diete. Izan ere, egun, ia ezinezkoa litzateke material hauen erabilpenik gabe bizirik iraungo zukeen edozein kiroletan pentsatzea, eta are gutxiago maila profesionalean lehiakorra izatea lortzea. Esku pilota ez da salbuespena izango eta beraz, material hauen erabilerak nahitaezko papera jokatzen du, kirol ekipamenduan ezezik, pelotariek eskuazpietan jartzen dituzten babesetan. Lan honek horri buruzko ikerkuntza aurkeztuko du. Babesgailu gisa Sylomer deituriko poliuretano mikrozelularra proposatuko da, honen elastizitateari, urarekiko erresistentziari eta karga-heina zabalari esker material paregabea izan daitekeena. Pilotan adituak diren Larrabetzuko Olarreta pilota elkarteko kide batzuen laguntzaz, dentsitate desberdineko poliuretanoekin probak egingo dira egokiena aukeratzeko asmoz eta gaur egun horretarako erabiltzen diren PVC aparreko materialarekin eskuratzen diren emaitzekin alderatuz. Era honetan erabakiko da Sylomerrari buruzko ikerkuntzarekin jarraitzeak merezi duen, edo ostera, materiala baztergarria den.
[en] This project has the aim to design a structure that works as sustainable greenhouse in a rural area close to Lima, in the Central Coast of Peru. It will be tried to give a proper solution to a request sent by Huayuna Institute, an NGO that motivates the sustainable agriculture all along that area. The major challenges to achieve with this work are right isolation against rain and extreme temperatures, inside-climate control, competitive prizes and ease of assembly.

[eu] Projektu honen helburu nagusia negutegi gisa erabiltzeko eraikuntza baten diseinua egitea da, Limatik hurbil dagoen landa-eremu batean ezartzeko asmoz (Peruko Erdialdeko Kostan). Asmoa Huayuna Institutuak bidalitako eskaera bati erantzuna ematea da, alde hartan nekazaritza jasangarria sustatzen duten GKE bat dira eta. Lanarekin lortu nahi diren erronka nagusiak honako hauek dira: alde batetik, eurien eta temperatura muturren aurkako isolatze aproposa, baita barruko giroaren kontrola ere. Beste aldetik, bai eraikuntza bai mekanismo osagarriak ahal beste merkeak izan beharko lukete, eta haien muntatzea, erraza.
[en] The object of this article is to present a historical vision on the acceptance that Axular and his book have had over these three long centuries (Gero, 1643). The article also includes some news on what has been analysed and established in the case of Axular by contemporary research. In this sense, in addition to the opinion that society as a whole has shown on the "urdazubiarra" throughout history, the article also includes the testimony of various Basque writers. Special mention is also made of the areas in which research has been made over these last few years. In this way, in this work we can find, together with contributions to the biography of Axular, the principal circumstances analysed by researchers on his work, from his religious position to linguistic and literary aspects of his work. And, as it is demanded by the nature and renown of Gero, preferential attention is devoted to the results of the research on the originality of the book and its prose.

[eu] Axularrek eta haren liburuak (Gero,1643) hiru mende luzeotan barrena izan duten harrerari buruzko begirada historikoa aurkeztu nahi da artikulu honetan, egungo ikerkuntzak Axularren arazoaz aztertu eta ebatzi duenaren berri zen bait emanez. Ildo horretatik, gizarteak historian zehar urdazubiarraz erakutsi duen ikuspuntuaz gainera, euskal idazleen testigantzaren berri ere eskaintzen da. Orobat, modu berezian azpimarratzen da azken urteotako ikerkuntzak jorratu dituen alor garrantzitsuenak, batik bat islada ibliografikoa izan dutenak. Horrela, Axularren biografiari buruzko ekarpenekin batera, obraren inguruko ikerkuntzen zertzelada nagusiak aurkitu ahal izango dira bertan, planteamendu erlijiosotik hasita idazlanaren alderdi linguistiko-literarioetaraino.]akina, Gero liburuaren izaerak eta ospeak eskatu legez, oharpen sakonagoa egiten da liburuaren originaltasunaren eta prosaren azterketaren inguruan burututakoez.
[en] Due to the characteristics of the computer services this way of communication constitutes a perfect way to commit very different offences, being very difficult to determine the responsible and the place where the crime was committed and, therefore, the competent jurisdictions. On the other hand, the special working environment of computer systems and the problems of titularity definition have also a big influence in order to the attribution of responsibility for the crimes committed through computer systems or against them. Thus, the essential problem lies in determining the penal responsibility of participants, and clarifying the responsibility of the services intermediaries.

[eu] Informatikak berezitasun batzu baditu, eta honek delito mota asko burutzeko egoki bihurtzen du, zaila izanik nor izan den jakitea eta delitua non egin den jakitea ere, eta zaila de epaitzeko konpetentzia nork duen azaltzea. Informatika sistemen funtzionamendu bereziak eta titulartasun arazoak, sistema hauen bidez edo hauen kontra burututako delituen erantzukizunaren eskurantza baldintzatzen dute. Parte hartu dutenen erantzukizun juridiko-penala zehaztean dago gakoa. Kontutan hartu behar da, baita ere, nori egotzi diezaiokegun debekatutako ekintza, eta nortzu diran ekintza hauek erraztu dituztenak eta zerbitzu hauen bitartekarien erantzukizuna zein den ere.
[en] This is an attempt to extend our knowledge about Medieval Basque. We will collect some Basque attestations that appeared in different medieval documents, basically place and personal names. Some of them were published by Lacarra (1957), Arzamendi(1985), Libano (1995-1999) and other specialists; now we will attempt to gather and arrange them in alphabetical order with potentially interesting information about their year, location, source and bibliography. Meanwhile, we will also collect and analyze Basque elements that appeared in the inscriptions of medieval tombstones.

[eu] Lan honek Erdi Aroko euskararen ezagutzan sakontzeko ekarpena izan nahi du. Horretarako, garai hartako agirietan eta bestelakoetan agertzen diren hainbat lekukotasun bildu ditugu, bereziki leku eta pertsona izenak. Hauetarik batzuk lehendik ezagunak ziren Lacarrak (1957), Arzamendik (1985), Libanok (1995-1999) edo beste ikerlariek egindako lanei esker; guk honakoan guztiak biltzen saiatu gara, argitaragabe batzuk ere ekarri ditugu eta alfabetikoki hurrenkeratu ditugu eta intereseko datuak (urtea, herria, herrialdea, iturria eta bibliografia) eman ditugu. Bestalde, Erdi Aroko hilarrietan lekukotzen diren hilartitzetako euskarazko elementuak ere jaso eta aztertu ditugu.
[en] Over the years, cases of bullying have been increasing and intensifying in schools. Therefore, the present work is aimed to investigate the ways of prevention and intervention that teachers in the Basque Country have about the phenomenon. For this purpose, two different questionnaires were conducted; while the first one was composed of 18 closed questions, the second one was constituted by 8 open questions. Once the results obtained were analyzed, it can be concluded that there is a lack of training among teachers, even among those who have taken complementary courses on the subject.

[eu] Urteak igaro ahala, bullying kasuak areagotuz eta biziagotuz joan dira eskoletan. Horregatik, lan honen bidez, Euskadiko irakasleek fenomenoari buruz dituzten prebentzio- eta esku-hartze moduak ikertu nahi dira. Horretarako, bi galdetegi desberdin burutu egin dira; lehenengoa 18 galdera itxiz osatua, eta bigarrena, berriz, 8 galdera irekiz. Lortutako emaitzak aztertu ondoren, irakasleek behar beste prestakuntzarik ez dutela ondorioztatu da, ezta gaiari buruzko ikastaro osagarriak egin dituzten pertsonek ere.
[en] The main aim of this project is to design a motorcycle's front steering with which the failures of the traditional systems decrease or disappear, as well as keep the benefits that already exist in those systems. Explaining the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of steering created throughout history by diverse enterprises specialized in the manufacturing of the motorcycles with the objective to find the ideal mechanism for an urban or competition motorcycle. It is about to compose a detailed list of elements that define the mechanism and explain the joints and the movement of each component with the aim to develop the kinematic analysis.

[eu] Proiektu honen oinarrizko helburua, motozikleten aurreko trenen sistema tradizionalen arazoak murriztea edota desagerraraztea baita horien onurak mantentzea lortu dezakeen beste sistema baten diseinua egitea da. Historian zehar motozikleta fabrikatzaileak eraikitako tren ezberdinen abantailak eta desabantailak azaltzea, hirirako edo lehieketetarako homologatuta dagoen motozikleta baten mekanismorik hoberena aurkitzeko. Mekanismoa osatzen duten elementuen zerrenda bat egitea izango da helburu, haien arteko loturak eta osagai bakoitzaren mugimenduak aztertzeko asmoz analisi zinematikoa egin ahal izateko.
[en] This paper aims to answer the main question that arises when we talk about the depopulation of Spanish rural areas: why? Over the years, many experts have tried to answer this question and the truth is that there is no single and simple answer. In order to be able to face such an objective, a bibliographical review of the works carried out by the main historians and sociologists will be carried out, who will approach the subject from different points of view and who will help me to give an answer as complete and close as possible to the reality. The last section aims to analyze the measures carried out both at European and national level, as far as depopulation is concerned. It should be noted that the problem is not only a national one, but is common to the main European countries.

[eu] Lan honen bitartez Espainiako landa eremuen despopulazioaz hitz egitean sortzen den galdera nagusiari erantzun nahi diot, zergatik? Urte hauetan zehar, aditu asko saiatu dira galdera honi erantzuten baina lortzen dituzten emaitzek erakusten digute arazoa ez duela irtenbide erreza. Helburu hori betetzeko, historialari eta soziologoek egindako lanen berrikuspen bibliografikoa egingo da. Gaiarekiko ikuspuntu ezberdinek lagunduko naute ahalik eta erantzun zehatzagoa ematen. Azken atalak Europa mailan zein nazio mailan eramandako neurriak aztertu nahi ditu, despopulazioari dagokionez. Kontuan izan behar baita arazoa nazionala ez ezik, Europako herrialde nagusietan komuna dela
[en] The evolution of the right of asylum in France is analysed pointing out that, although it was traditionally considered as a sacred right, it has been progressively limited. Likewise it is explained how this right of asylum is currently presented as a State right which must be defined within the European construction.

[eu] Frantzian asilo eskubidearen bilakaera aztertzen da, eta ohituraz eskubide sakratu modukoa azaltzen bazen ere geldiro mugatuz joan dela adierazten da. Eskubide hau gaurregun europar eraikintza sailean oraindik zehaztu behar den Estatuko eskubide bat bezala aurkezten dela azaltzen da ere bai.
[en] This project briefs the right adjustment of a distance protection relay in a electric transport line set between Aldeadavila and Villarino. Different faults will be simulated and the relay's performance will be analysed. Eventually, the relay's own software will be used in order to adjust it optimally.

[eu] Proiektu honetan, Aldeadavila eta VIllarinoren artean dagoen elektrizitate-transmisio linea batean kokatutako distantziaren babes errele baten doikuntza aztertuko da. Akats desberdinak informatika ekipamenduekin simulatuko dira eta babesaren funtzionamendua aztertuko da. Azkenik, transmisioaren softwarea egokitzeko erabiliko da.
[en] Abstract: the aim of this project is to describe the construction of a new wastewater treatment plant, which works through an artificial wetland at the Basque village of Zuya, at Domaikia more concretely. The first objective of the project is to describe the current system of wastewater depuration, to later study different possible improvements and choose the most convenient one. The steps followed in the project are specified in this report. In this document, among other issues, the study of the current situation, the object of the project and multiple complementary studies are gathered. The studied solutions are the following two: the conduction of the residual water until the council of Vitoriano and the construction of a new wastewater treatment plant in Domaikia. After analysing multiple factors (economic, logistical, environmental…) it was decided that the latter solution is the most appropriate. In this solution, an improvement of the current wastewater treatment system is proposed. For this purpose, the construction of a new manhole is proposed, in which it can be made the primary treatment, and specially the construction of an artificial wetland. In this wetland the biological treatment of the wastewater would be carried out. From there the already clean water will be poured into the Txikaran stream. To demonstrate the viability of this alternative is viable, a complementary study of the flows was made.

[eu] Laburpena: proiektu honen bitartez Arabako Zuia herrian, Domaikiako kontseiluan hain zuzen, eraikiko den hondakin uren araztegiaren proiektua deskribatzen da. Proiektu honen lehenengo helburua orain dagoen ur saneamendu sistemaren deskribapena egitea da, aurrerago hainbat aukera aztertuz konponbiderik egokiena lortzeko. Proiektuan zehar jarraitu diren urratsak azaltzen dira memorian. Dokumentu honetan egungo egoeraren azterketa, proiektuaren xedea eta hainbat azterketa osagarri agertzen dira. Aztertutako konponbideak hurrengo biak dira: Bitorianora ur zikinak eramatea edota Domaikian bertan araztegi berri bat eraikitzea. Hainbat baldintza (ekonomikoak, logistikoak, ingurugirokoak…) aztertu ondoren bigarren konponbidea hautatu da. Konponbide honetan gaur egun dagoen arazte sistemaren hobekuntza aztertzen da. Horretarako, tratamendu primariorako arketa berri baten eraikuntza aztertzen da eta batez ere hezegune artifizial baten sorrera. Hezegune horretan uren tratamendu biologikoa egingo litzateke, hortik ura iada araztuta ateraz Txikaran errekararte. Aukeratutako konponbide hau bideragarria dela erakusteko, emarien azterketa gehigarri bat egiten da.
[en] Mr. Julio Car Baroja, etnographer, anthropologist, historian, drawer, was a prolific author with more than 40 wprks. Essential member of the Spanish cultural life, collaborator in scientific research everywhere, he was respected as a sceptic learned man but also, especially, as a good man. All his work demonstrates that he was an intellectual and humanist, a great expert on History and Culture.

[eu] On Julio Caro Barojak, etnografo, antropologo, historiadore, marrazkilari, lan ugari egin zuen bere bizitzaren zehar, 40 liburu baino gehiago idatziz. Espainiar kultura bizitzaren ezinbesteko atala, mundu osoaren ikerketan lankide, jadikun sinetsgogor, eta, batez ere, gizon zintzotzat hartzen zaio. Bere lan osoak azaltzen du, intelektualaz bestalde, humanista zela, historia eta kulturaren ezagutzaile haundia.
[en] Due to the energetic crisis that the world is suffering, it is necessary to search for alternatives to the fossil fuels. For this reason, renewable energies have joined the energetic market, among them, the biomass. In the industrial field, the biomass keeps improving step by step, with the result of numerous new technologies for the exploitation of energy by combustion. Innovation in industrial boilers is necessary for the continuous improvement in the field. This is why many new different designs have appeared. This final degree project will focus on two very important types of industrial biomass boilers: grate boilers and boilers with fluidized bed combustion. The objective is to know perfectly the functioning and the features of both technologies in order to be able to solve a practical case for which it is necessary the choice of a boiler. The fuel is the element that will make the difference between both boilers. Once the energetic analysis is finished, a comparison between the two technologies will be made in order to corroborate and prove the election made in the practical case.

[eu] Gaur egungo mundua pairatzen ari den krisi energetikoarengatik, erregai fosilak ekiditeko alternatibaren bat bilatzea beharrezkoa da. Hori dela eta, energia berriztagarriak merkatu energetikoan sartzen ari dira, eta, haien artean, biomasa. Industrian biomasa apurka-apurka aurrera doa, eta teknologia asko agertzen ari da, errekuntzaren bidez, ustiapen energetikoa hobetzeko. Galdaren berrikuntza nahitaezkoa da sektore honen hobekuntzarako eta, horregatik, modelo desberdin ugari sortu dira. Gradu amaierako lan hau biomasako galdara industrialen bi mota oso garrantzitsuei buruzkoa da: parrilla-galdarak eta ohantze fluidizatuarenak. Lan honen helburua bi galdera horien funtzionamendua eta ezaugarriak ezinhobeto jakitea da, gero kasu praktiko batean galdara egokiena aukeratzeko. Aukera honetarako elementu garrantzitsuena erregaia izango da. Analisi energetikoa bukatu ondoren, bi galdara horien arteko konparazio bat egingo da, Kasu praktikoan egokienaren aukera justifikatzeko.
[en] In the darkness of time the first stories of history are lost. But we know that these have been told by word of mouth and that they have become a transport of values. However, due to the evolution of society, these values have changed year after year. That is why stories have undergone numerous rewrites. There is no doubt that one of these changes has been given by the progress made in recent decades in the field of women's equality, which has forced both governments and the media to change their patriarchal discourse. This Final Degree Project comes to analyze whether stories are the reflection of that society that struggles to change the gender perspective. Therefore, the Children and Youth literature used in schools today from the point of view of gender equality will be analyzed.

[eu] Denboraren iluntasunean galtzen dira historiako lehenengo ipuin zaharrak. Baina badakigu hauek ahoz aho kontatuak izan direla, eta balioen garraiotzat baliatu direla. Hala ere, urtez urte, gizartearen garapenaren ondorioz, balioak aldatu izan dira. Horren ondorioz, ipuinek ere moldaketak jasan behar izan dituzte. Dudarik ez dago, aldaketa horietako bat emakumeak berdintasunaren eremuan azken hamarkadetan emandako aurrerapauso handiak izan direla, eta horiekin batera, gobernuek eta komunikabideek euren diskurtso patriarkala aldatu behar izan dutela. Gradu Amaierako Lan hau, gizarteak aldarazi nahi duen genero ikuspegia ipuinetan islarik izan duen aztertzera dator. Ondorioz, gaur egun eskoletan erabiltzen den Haur eta Gazte Literatura genero berdintasunaren ikuspuntutik aztertuko da.