[en] Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological pathology characterized by its heterogeneity. Moderate and severe TBI are linked to the impairment of some cognitive functions. Our first aim in this study was to compare the performance of executive functions and social cognition in two groups: patients with severe TBI and the ones who suffered moderate TBI. We also wanted to analyze the relationship between social cognition and general intelligence as well as executive functions in these subjects. 90 participants, ranging from 18 to 60 years old, were successfully recruited for the study. Of those 90 participants, 20 patients were classified as severe TBI, 20 as moderate TBI and 50 individuals were recruited as control subjects. In order to evaluate social cognition, we used two newly developed tests: ?Test de Cognici?n social? (COGSO) and ?Test Perceptivo de Emociones y Conceptos? (PEC), which were validated during the study, reason for which we have included control subjects. On the other hand, BADS, WCST and Verbal fluency were used for the evaluation of executive functions. The assessment of general intelligence was carried out using WAIS-III, due to the close relationship between executive functions and general intelligence. We showed that patients with severe TBI performed worse in general intelligence, executive functions and social cognition than their counterparts at the moderate TBI group. Most of those observed differences were statistically significant. Moreover, we noticed a clear association between social cognition and general intelligence. This indicates the important role of general intelligence in affecting social cognition so that the individual can adapt to a changing social environment.

[es] El traumatismo craneoencef?lico (TCE) es una heterog?nea patolog?a neurol?gica en la cual, cuando la severidad es moderada o grave, comporta el deterioro de algunas funciones cognitivas. El objetivo principal de esta investigaci?n ha sido conocer las diferencias en el rendimiento de las funciones ejecutivas y de la cognici?n social entre dos Grupos Cl?nicos: pacientes con TCE Graves y pacientes con TCE Moderados. Adem?s, se quiere conocer la posible relaci?n de la cognici?n social con las funciones ejecutivas y con la inteligencia general. La muestra ha sido constituida por 90 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre 18 y 60 a?os. De ellos, 20 sujetos presentan TCE Graves, 20 sujetos TCE Moderados y 50 son sujetos Controles. Para la evaluaci?n de la cognici?n social, se han seleccionado dos pruebas aun sin validar, Test de Cognici?n Social (COGSO) y Test Perceptivo de Emociones y Conceptos (PEC), las cuales han sido objeto de validaci?n para la presente investigaci?n, motivo por el cual se ha incluido en el estudio una muestra de sujetos controles. Para la evaluaci?n de las funciones ejecutivas se han seleccionado las pruebas BADS, WCST y Fluencia Verbal. A mayores, se ha evaluado la inteligencia general mediante el WAIS-III, dada la estrecha relaci?n que parte de la inteligencia general tiene con las funciones ejecutivas. Los resultados de la investigaci?n muestran una clara tendencia por parte de los TCE Graves a puntuar menos en todos los componentes de la inteligencia general, las funciones ejecutivas y la cognici?n social en comparaci?n con los TCE Moderados; siendo la mayor?a de estas diferencias significativas. Adem?s, se observa la existencia de una acusada relaci?n entre la cognici?n social y la inteligencia general, lo que indica la especial dependencia de la cognici?n social de una normal capacidad intelectual para que la primera pueda responder de forma adaptada a las necesidades din?micas del medio social.