BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Challenge-Based Learning (CBL) is an active methodology that engages students in solving real-world problems, fostering their ability to analyze, diagnose, and propose creative solutions. In this context, students will conduct an analysis and diagnosis of a municipality, developing a territorial planning proposal that integrates sustainability and climate change adaptation criteria. This practical approach, inspired by initiatives such as ¡Nosotros Proponemos! and programs like the School Agenda 21 (recently integrated into frameworks such as the Basque Government's Ikasgelas Agenda 2030), aims to connect learning with social reality by involving local stakeholders (municipalities, technicians, society) to ensure student proposals transcend the classroom and can be implemented. To enrich the experience, final projects will be shared with the municipalities analyzed, promoting their presentation in public sessions or technical conferences (e.g., Local Sustainability Forums). This not only motivates students by validating their work but also contributes to updating tools like General Urban Planning Plans (PGOU), many of which in the Basque Country require revisions to address climate challenges and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, participation in events such as Climate Change Week or university project competitions will be explored to amplify the impact and visibility of the proposals.

[eu] Erronketan oinarritutako hezkuntza (EBR) metodologia aktiboa da, non ikasleak erronka errealen aurrean jartzen dira, haien analizatzeko, diagnostikatzeko eta irtenbide sortzaileak proposatzeko gaitasuna sustatzen den. Testuinguru honetan, ikasleek udalerri baten analisia eta diagnostikoa egingo dute, lurralde-antolaketarako proposamen bat osatuz, jasangarritasuneko eta klima-aldaketara egokitzeko irizpideak barnebiltzen dituena. Praktika honen inspirazioa ¡Nosotros proponemos! bezalako ekimenetatik eta Agenda 21 Eskolarako programetatik dator (duela gutxi arte Ikasgelas Agenda 2030 (Eusko Jaurlaritza) bezalako markoetan integratuta egon zirenak). Helburua ikaskuntza errealitate sozialarekin lotzea da, aktore lokalak (udaletxeak, teknikariak, gizartea) inplikatuz, ikasleen proposamenek ikasgela gainditu eta praktikan jar daitezen. Esperientzia aberasteko, azken lanak aztertutako udalerrietako udaletxekin partekatuko dira, eta sesio publikoetan edo jardunaldi teknikoetan aurkeztea bultzatuko da (adib. Lurralde Jasangarritasuneko Foroak). Horrek ez du ikasleak baino motibatzen haien lana baloratua ikusteak, baita PGOUk (Hiri Antolaketarako Plan Orokorrak) bezalako tresnak eguneratzen laguntzen du ere, Euskadin klima-erronken eta Garapen Jasangarrerako Helburuen (GJH) aurrean eguneratze-beharra dutelako. Gainera, parte-hartzea aztertuko da Klima Aldaketaren Astea bezalako ekitaldietan edo unibertsitate-proiektuen lehiaketetan, proposamenen eragina eta ikusgarritasuna handituz.
[en] This Final Degree Work is entitled: "Estudio de la rigidez al roscar F1252 en la fresadora Kondia A6". The project consists of finding the best threading conditions in steel F1252, using the milling machine Kondia A6 located at the mechanical studio of the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. In order to find so, some threading tests with a previous drilling of M8 x 1,25 mm, combining different threading instructions of the machining center with different tap holders and cutting velocities have been carried out. The hitch of the tool has also been tested by subjecting it to traction and compression efforts. At the same time the tests are carried out, the efforts caused have been measured using the Kistler measuring system. Once the tests are finished, the results obtained have been analyzed at the corresponding conclusions drawn.

[eu] Jarraian aurkezten den Gradu Amaierako Lanak ondorengo izenburua du: "Estudio de la rigidez al roscar F1252 en la fresadora Kondia A6". Proiektuaren oinarria, F1252 altzairuko hariztaketa baldintzarik hoberenak aurkitzean datza, Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako mekanika tailerrean dagoen fresatzeko makina erabiliz, Kondia A6. Hura aztertu ahal izateko, aurretik zulatzailearekin haristatutako zortzi metrika eta 1.25mm-ko hariztaketa pausoarekin entsegu batzuk egin dira, mekanizazio-zentroko hariztaketa jarraibide ezberdinekin, erreminta-euskarri desberdinekin eta ebaketa-abiadurekin konbinatuz. Erreminta euskarria, trakzio eta konpresioko ahaleginen eraginpean jarri da, honen jokabidea aztertu ahal izateko ere. Aipaturiko entseguak gauzatu diren aldi berean, eragindako ahaleginak neurtu dira Kistler neurketa sistema erabiliz. Behin entseguak bukatua, lortutako emaitzak aztertu eta ondorio egokiak atera dira.
[en] Although much progress has been made in relation to Specific Language Disorder (SLD), it is still necessary to go deeper into the subject. In order to do so, it is essential that teachers in Primary Education have access to information and resources on the difficulties and needs that pupils with SLD may have. In order to take a step forward on this path, the aim of this work is to offer different guidelines and resources for teachers and families in a space dedicated to training in written language to ensure the well-being of pupils with SLD in the Primary stage. In this process, interviews have been carried out with different education professionals, pupils with SLD have been observed and different bibliographical sources have been searched, among others. Finally, all the information and the different guidelines and resources have been published on the website created.

[eu] Hizkuntzaren Nahasmendu Espezifikoaren (HNE) inguruan asko aurreratu den arren, oraindik gaiaren inguruan gehiago sakontzea beharrezkoa da. Horretarako, funtsezkoa da Lehen Hezkuntzako etapako irakasleak, HNE duten ikasleek izan ditzaketen zailtasunen eta beharren inguruko informazioa eta baliabide ezberdinak eskura izatea. Bide horretan aurrerapauso bat eman nahirik, lan honen helburua da Lehen Hezkuntzako etapan HNE duten ikasleen ongizatea bermatzeko eta ikasle horiek hizkuntza idatzian trebatzeko webgune batean irakasleentzako eta familientzako orientabide eta baliabide ezberdinak eskaintzea. Prozesu honetan, hezkuntzako profesional ezberdinei elkarrizketak egin, HNE duten ikasleak behatu eta iturri bibliografiko ezberdinak arakatu dira, besteak beste. Azkenik, informazio guztia eta orientabide eta baliabide ezberdinak sortu den webgunean argitaratu dira.
[en] The goal of this study was to know the stereotypes about physical appearance of delinquents, and how they influence on the identification of persons. For that, an experiment was carried out with two groups of 60 undergraduates' students in each one. The results support the existence of stereotypes about the appearance of the delinquents.

[eu] Lan honek, helburu bezala pertsonek gaizkileen itxura fisikoarekiko dituzten ideia estereotipatuak eta ideia horiek pertsonen identifikazioan duten eragina aztertzea du helburu. Horretarako, esperimentu bat egin zen, 60 ikasle unibertsitarioz osatutako bi taldekin. Emaitzek gaizkileei buruzko ideia estereotipatuen izakina baieztatu zuten.
[en] A few years ago, the professional sector was introduced to the term "cloud" by implementing technologies based on the processing and storage of data in the cloud that allow greater availability and efficiency in the use of physical resources. However, this trend has not been the same in the education sector, which can also benefit from the adoption of these technologies for a more efficient management of the infrastructure and an improvement in the quality of the education offered. In order to demonstrate these benefits, a platform as a service (PaaS) based on OpenShift, from RedHat, has been developed. The preparation of this work includes the process of installing the "cluster" of servers in a virtual environment and the description of the benefits obtained after performing several tests on the platform. In addition, a plan to improve the project in the future has been included, with a detailed explanation of how to replicate it in a physical environment.

[eu] Duela urte batzuk, sektore profesionala "Cloud" terminoan sartu zen, datuak hodeian prozesatzean eta biltegiratzean oinarritutako teknologiak inplementatuz. Teknologia hauek, baliabide fisikoen erabilgarritasunean eskuragarritasun eta eraginkortasun hobea ahalbidetzen dute. Hala ere, joera hori ez da berdina izan hezkuntza-sektorean; izan ere, teknologia horiek azpiegitura modu eraginkorragoan kudeatzeko eta eskainitako hezkuntzaren kalitatea hobetzeko erabil daitezke. Onura horiek frogatzeko, RedHaten OpenShift oinarritutako zerbitzu (PaaS) plataforma bat garatu da. Lan hau egiterakoan, zerbitzarien "klusterra" ingurune birtual batean instalatzeko prozesua eta plataformari buruzko hainbat proba egin ondoren lortutako onurak deskribatu dira. Gainera, etorkizunean proiektua hobetzeko plan bat elaboratu da, ingurune fisiko batean lana erreplikatzeko azalpen zehatz-mehatz batekin.
[en] Illegal immigration is a phenomenon that affects most countries around the globe, one of the main affected being Spain. This is one of the first 20 countries in the world with the highest irregular migration, which forces it to take measures to stop and control this situation. One of these measures is regularization, a practice used in different countries, including the European Union. This paper analyzes the concept of regularization process, along with exposing the concept of irregularity and its consequences. The applicable legal regime and various practical experiences that have been carried out on different continents, Spain included, are also analyzed. Finally, reference is made to the popular legislative proposal carried out by the RegularizaciónYa movement, which proposes an immediate extraordinary regularization in the Spanish state.

[eu] Legez kanpoko immigrazioa munduko herrialde gehienei eragiten dien fenomenoa da, Espainia kaltetuenetako bat izanik. Migrazio irregular handiena duen munduko lehen 20 herrialdeetako bat da, egoera horrek hau geldiarazteko eta kontrolatzeko neurriak hartzeko beharra ekartzen diolarik. Neurri horietako bat erregularizazioa da,i hainbat herrialdetan erabiltzen den praktika, Europar Batasunean kasu. Lan honek erregularizazio-prozesuaren kontzeptua aztertzen du, irregulartasunaren kontzeptua eta horren ondorioak azaltzearekin batera. Horrez gain, aplikatu beharreko araubide juridikoa eta kontinente desberdinetan (Espainia barne) egin diren hainbat esperientzia praktiko aztertzen dira. Azkenik, RegularizaciónYa mugimenduak bultztautako legegintzako herri-proposamena aipatzen da, estatu espainiarrean berehala aparteko erregularizazioa egitea proposatzen duena.
[en] The present article allows readers to reflect on the potentialities and limits of restorative justice as answer to terrorist victimisation caused by ETA. Special victimological features are clarified with respect to secondary and multiple victimisation processes developed, during decades, inside and outside the Basque Country. The absence of restorative justice programs in this arena, only recently initiated, can be partially explained by the impact of those processes within an environment of lack of critical revision on the side of victimisers and of lack of social support or indifference towards victims. Nonetheless, opportunities opened by restorative justice in these cases are highlighted as part of access to justice for victims, not only respecting due process, but in a more comprehensive manner.

[eu] Artikulu honen bidez, irakurleari gogoeta eginarazi nahi zaio, konponbiderako justiziak ETAren biktimizazio terroristari erantzuteko dituen aukerei eta mugei buruz. Bertan, azkeneko hamarkadetan Euskal Herrian zein hemendik kanpo gertatu diren bigarren mailako eta era askotako biktimizazio-prozesuen berezitasun biktimologikoak argitu dira. Duela gutxira arte ez da egon konponbiderako justizia ezartzeko programa espezifikorik, neurri batean ezin zelako berrikuspen kritikorik egin hiltzaileak babesten zituen edo erailketak axola ez zitzaizkion gizarte baten baitan. Hala ere, konponbiderako prozesuek arlo horretan eskaintzen dituzten aukerak adierazi dira, babes judizial eraginkorraren zein ulerkorraren ikuspuntutik.
[en] The present end of Grade work is based on the design of the pneumatic circuit for a conforming machine. The design is carried out with the Fluidsim program. Firstly, the scheme of the basic movements for a conforming machine should be defined. Secondly, two possible circuits will be developed. After that, both of them will be verify in the pneumatic panel of the Laboratory of the School of Engineers of Bilbao and the elements of the circuit will be dimensioned for a specific case. Finally, conclusions from each design will be extracted.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan hau makina konformatzaile baterako zirkuito neumatiko baten diseinuan oinarritzen da. Diseinua Fluidsim programarekin egiten da. Lehenik eta behin, konformagintzan egiten diren oinarrizko mugimenduen eskema bat zehazten da. Zirkuitoaren diseinurako bi erantzun posible garatzen dira. Geroago, bere funtzionamendua egiaztatuko da Bilboko Ingenieritza Eskolako Laborategiaren panelean eta zirkuitoaren osagaiak dimentsionatu egingo dira kasu konkretu baterako. Azkenengoz, probatutako zirkuito bakoitzetik ondorioak aterako dira.
[en] Medical-forensic evaluation of mental disorders is a type of expert's work, understanding this one as an oral or written report that the expert makes in order to provide knowledge or means to the judge to understand some juridical question and, in this way, to find out the scientific truth. Psychiatric expert's work shares characteristics and limitations of the other experts' works, even though the truth to be discovered is much more relative than others.

[eu] Buruko gaixotasunaren mediku-forense baloraketak peritaje mota bat da, kontutan hartuz peritajea perituak egiten duen ahozko edota idatzitako txostena dela, epaileari zuzenbidezko arazoak argitzeko ezaguerak ematen dituenak, eta, horrela, zientzi-egia aurkitzea. Perizia psikoatrikoak besteentzako ezaugarri eta mugapenak erkidetzen ditu, nahiz eta aurkitzeko egia beste espezialitate medikuetan baino askoz erlatiboago.
[en] In Colombia, in the last years, the terrorism has had the civil unarmed population as its principal victim. The state's response to this phenomenon has been produced fundamentally by the penal traditional Law, that is unware of human dimension of the victims and delinquent and reacts with absolutely inefficient measures. The penal system must try to attend to the victims and to avoid the marginalism, understanding as such not only to the subject damaged by all those offences but also people who are victimiced.

[eu] Colombian, azken urte hauetan, terrorismoaren biktimarik nagusiena armarik ez duen gizarte zibila izan da. Estatuak fenomeno honi eman dion erantzuna, funtsean, Ohiko Zigor Zuzenbidezkoa izan da, beraz, albora utzi du biktimen eta delitugileen gizaki-izaria eta eraginkortasunik ez duten neurriak aplikatu ditu. Zigor sistemak biktimak laguntzeko behar du izan, horien bazterkeria saihestuz; kontuan har bedi biktima bakarra ez dela delituaren subjektu pasiboa, biktimizatu egiten diren pertsona guztiak ere badirelako.
[en] The present work deals with figure of the unknown painters Pedro de Arroquía(1600-1652) and his son Cosme Ignacio (1689-1740), from Gipuzkoa. Their output is mainly located in the Basque Country and La Rioja and we present some of their conserved and documented paintings, unknown up to now.

[eu] Lan hau Pedro Arrokia (1667-1738) eta Kosme Inaxio (1689-1740) bere semeari buruzkoa da. Bi margolari ezezagun hauek gipuzkoarrak ziren eta Euskadi eta Errioxan egin zuten lan. Haien bizitza eta produkzio piktorikoa aztertzen ditugu eta kontserbatu diren margo dokumentatu berriak ezagutzera ematen ditugu.
[en] When the human right's protection is the matter in question, there are several organisms that converge, cooperate and compete to each other: interstate organizations, determined States, non governmental organizations or regional combined committees. The procedures and colaboration's agreements constitute the key to guarantee the fundamental rights. The introduced dilemma is the construction of a reasoning and of a practical network to attend people.The legitimacy of the human rights in the era of the globalization means to face the new challenges, that the social exclusion brings about.

[eu] Giza Eskubideak bebesteaz ari garenean, zenbait faktorek bateratu, lagundu eta lehiatzen dute: Estatu arteko erakundeak, Estatu jakinak, gobernutarrak ez diren erakundeak, edo eskualdetako komiteak. Giza eskubideak gordetzeko gakoak izapide eta laguntza akordioak dira. Pertsonak aditzeko behar diren diskurtso eta sare praktikoak eratzea da planteatzen den arazoa. Giza eskubideen legitimitateak, globalizazioan, gizarte bazterketak planteatzen dituen arazoei aurre egitea suposatzen du.
[en] This Project lies in developing a Matlab program based on the Matrix Stiffness Method to calculate forces and displacements on plane structures. In applying the method, the system must be modelled as a set of simpler, idealized elements interconnected at the nodes. The material stiffness properties of these elements are then, through matrix mathematics, compiled into a single matrix equation which governs the behaviour of the entire idealized structure. The structure's unknown displacements and forces can then be determined by solving this equation. The Matrix Stiffness Method is the most common implementation of the finite element method (FEM) and forms the basis for most commercial and free source finite element software.

[eu] Proiektu hau estruktura lauetan esfortzuak eta desplazamenduak kalkulatzeko Zurruntasunaren Metodo Matrizialean oinarritutako Matlab-eko programa bat garatzean datza. Metodoa aplikatzerakoan, haien artean korapiloetan konektatutako elementuetako multzoa bezala egitura modelizatuko da. Elementu hauen zurruntasun ezaugarriak konbinatzen dira, matematika matriziala erabiliz, egitura guztiaren portaera determinatzen duen ekuazio matrizial bakarrean. Esfortzuak eta desplazamendu ezezagunak ekuazio matrizial hau ebatziz lortu ahal izango dira. Zurruntasunaren Metodo Matriziala da Elementu Mugatuen Metodoaren inplementaziorik ohikoena, eta elementu mugatuko programen gehiengoko oinarria eratzen du.
[en] The main objective of this work is to analyse the different solutions suggested for the design of mixed-model lines. This kind of line has not been deeply studied, in spite of the several advantages they provide compared to simple lines, which have been more investigated by far. In order to facilitate the understanding of their design, an analysis of the characteristics of mixed-model lines is done prior to their study. Subsequently, it is introduced a methodology created by Lluis Cuatrecasas (President of the Lean Management Institute of Spain). This methodology tends to overcome the gap that exists between academic studies´ solutions and business necessities. Finally, the methodology is shown with a practical case and its strengths and weaknesses are evaluated.

[eu] Fabrikazio lerro mistoen diseinurako dauden soluzio ezberdinak aztertzea da lan honen helburua. Asko dira lerro hauek aurkezten dituzten aukerak eta abantailak lerro sinpleenekoekin alderatuta, baina, hala ere, adituek ez dute haien diseinu zailetan gehiegi sakondu. Diseinu horien ulerpena errazteko, eta haien ikasketa baino lehen, lerro mistoen ezaugarrien analisia egiten da. Ondoren, Lluis Cuatrecasas-ek (Espainiako Lean Management Institutuaren lehendakaria) garatutako metodologia aurkezten da, bere ustez lerro hauen diseinu teorikoek proposatzen dituzten ebazpenen eta enpresek dauzkaten beharrizanen arteko desadostasunak murrizteko. Amaitzeko, kasu praktiko baten bidez metodologia erakusten da, bere alderdi onak eta txarrak ebaluatuz.
[en] In this project the type of bearings known as wire-race bearings have been analyzed. Due to there is currently no standard that specifies how to carry out calculations for this type of bearings, these have been compared with other types of bearings, four-point contact bearings, which do have a specific ISO standard. The main reason for the choice of four-point contact bearings as a base is that the two maintain a similar configuration in terms of the capacity to withstand loads. Both are capable of supporting axial, radial and bending moment loads. Using ANSYS WORKBENCH software, two parametric models of these bearings have been developed and subsequently several analysis have been carried out in the Calculation Center of the Mechanical Engineering Department of the School of Engineering of Bilbao. Once these analysis have been completed, information has been obtained from them and rigidity diagrams have been represented in order to compare the two types of bearings, as well as a thorough analysis of the ball-track contact traces and the obtaining of axial static capacities.

[eu] Proiektu honetan "wire-race bearing" edo pista alanbrikodun errodamenduak analizatu dira. Haien kalkuluetarako normarik ez dagoela eta, beste errodamendu batzuekin konparatu dira: lau kontaktu puntukoak, zeinak ISO norma batez araututa dauden. Lau kontaktu puntuko errodamenduen aukeraketaren zergatia bien kargak eusteko konfigurazioari dagokio: karga axial, erradial eta makurtzaileak jasateko gai dira. Bi errodamendu mota hauen eredu parametrikoak garatu dira ANSYS WORKBENCH softwarean eta Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako Ingeniaritza Saileko Kalkulu Zentroan, finkaturiko analisiak jorratu dira. Ondoren, analisi hauetatik informazioa bildu eta bi errodamenduak konparatzen dituzten zurruntasun diagramak irudikatu dira eta ahalmen estatiko axialak lortu dira, bola-pista kontaktuak aztertzeaz gain.
[en] ABSTRACT: Through the Grade End Work we make a proposal for an innovative ecosystem offering an approach for teachers to set aside the fears produced by the evaluation and the educational innovation; and so they opt for a more significant tools instead of continuing with traditional appraisal. Moreover, this proposal seeks to attract different agents that act on the ecosystem of a student, in order to get community schools based on participation. On the other hand, this design chooses to integrate new technologies to satisfy the demands of the XXI century education has, so the project combines a series of tools intended to solve the problems we encounter in our reality.

[eu] LABURPENA: Aurkezten dugun Gradu Amaierako Lanean (GAL), ebaluaketa ekosistema berritzaile bat proposatzen dugu, irakasleek ebaluaketarekiko eta berrikuntzekiko duten beldurra albo batean uzteko, eta ebaluaketa tradizionala alboratu eta tresna esanguratsuago batzuen alde egin dezaten. Lan honek gainera, ikasle baten ekosistemako agente desberdinak erakarri nahi ditu, parte hartzean oinarritzen diren eskola komunitateak lortzeko. Horrez gain, teknologia berriak integratzen dituen diseinua da, non XXI. mendeko hezkuntzak eskatzen dituen baldintzak betetzen diren. Tresna desberdinen konbinazioz sortutako diseinu berritzaile honekin, errealitateak oraindik bizi dituen arazoei aurre egitea da helburu nagusia.