BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] This Final Degree Project aims to know and develop the social phenomenon known as job precariousness, in addition to establishing and identifying its connection with the cleaning department through a qualitative investigation. It is worth mentioning that throughout the work there is a special emphasis on labour differences between the work stuff of the Basque Government and the outsourced cleaning service that work in the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU). Specially, cleaning ladies of the UPV/EHU; after making a series of semi structured interviews, will offer their vision of the current employment they occupy, as well as their perception of discrimination on the cleaning sector. Additionally, their testimonies include the motivations that prompted the strike that took place at de university the first two weeks in March this year.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua lan-prekarietatea deritzon gizarte-fenomenoa ezagutzea eta garatzea da. Horrez gain, garbiketako sektorearekin duen lotura ezarri eta identifikatzea nahi da, ikerketa kualitatibo baten bidez. Lanean zehar Eusko Jaurlaritzako garbiketa-zerbitzuko lan-kontratudun langileen eta Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatean (UPV/EHU) zerbitzuak ematen dituzten azpikontratatuko langileen arteko lan-ezberdintasunak bereziki azpimarratzen dira. Konkretuki, EHUko garbiketako langileek, elkarrizketa erdi-egituratuak eginez, gaur egun betetzen duten enpleguari buruzko ikuspegia eskainiko dute, baita garbiketaren sektorean dagoen diskriminazioari buruzko pertzepzioa ere. Halaber, bere testigantzek aurtengo martxoko lehen bi asteetan unibertsitatean egindako garbiketa-grebaren arrazoiak jasotzen dituzte.
[en] The Organic Law 5/2000, dated January 12th, regulates the criminal responsibility of underaged people, limiting the area of application of the Penal Code and especially in criminal laws for the commission of acts classified as crimes or offenses. This research ́s aim is to bring about an analysis and criminological inquiry of the evolution of juvenile delinquency in Spain throughout the years 2000 and 2021, based on the information provided by official statistics. Hence, the severity and nature of these attitudes can definitely be clearly distinguished, as well as the main factors that may influence these delinquent behaviors and the possible sanctions that could be imposed on them.

[eu] Adingabeen erantzunkizun penala arautzen duen urtarrilaren 12ko 5/2000 Lege Organikoak mugatu egiten du Zigor Kodean eta zigor-lege berezietan delitu edo hutsegite (falta) gisa tipifikatutako egitateak gauzatzeko aplikazio-eremua, baldin eta erantzuleak hamalau urtetik gorakoak eta hemezortzi urtetik beherakoak badira. Lan honekin, eskura dauden estatistika ofizialek emandako informazioaren bidez, Espainiako gazteen delinkuentziak 2000 eta 2021 urteen bitartean izan duen bilakaeraren azterketa eta ikasketa kriminologikoa egin nahi dira. Modu honetan, argi bereizi ahal izango dira jarrera hauen larritasuna eta izaera, baita zeintzuk izan daitezkeen kriminalki erantzuleak diren adingabeen jokabideetan eragina duten faktore nagusiak, bai eta zer zehapen-neurri ezar dakizkiekeen ere.
[en] The Project consists in the design of an injection mould for the mass production of the handle of an electric planer. The plastic handle is part of a DEXTER brand electric planer which model is DPP-665. The project will be carried out using Siemens PLM-NX10´s MoldWizard module and Autodesk Moldflow Adviser 2017.

[eu] Proiektu honetan injekzio molde bat diseinatuko da eskuil elektriko baten plastikozko kirtena seriean fabrikatzeko. Fabrikatuko den pieza DEXTER markako DPP-665 eskuil elektrikoari dagokio. Proiektua aurrera eramateko Siemens PLM-NX10-ko MoldWizard modulua eta Autodesk Moldflow Adviser 2017 software-a erabili dira.
[en] It is accomplished a reflection about the Projet of the New Penal Code 1994 regarding to the prison penalty and Penitentiary lnstitution, bringing out how Penal Code renewal is necessary to undertake the penitentiary legislation reform.

[eu] 1994.go Lege-liburu penala berriaren proiektuari buruzko gogoeta bat burutu egiten da, espetxeratzeko zigorra eta lnstituzio penitcmtziarioari dagokionean. Eta, Legegintza penitentziarioaren berriztea hasteko, Lege-liburu penalaren berrikuntzaren beharra azpimarratzen da.
[en] Optimal dimensional synthesis is one of the many problems involved in the design of mechanisms and is based on obtaining the main measurements of a mechanism so that it fulfills certain requirements of movement. Due to the difficulty involved in solving this type of problem, there are different types of dimensional synthesis. Therefore, there is no single method to obtain optimal results, but there are a variety of methods. This work focuses on one of the types of dimensional synthesis, synthesis of generation of trajectories, giving an iterative method to solve this type of problems. Then, through the use of a mathematical software, the iterative method mentioned above is implemented to solve 3 cases of validation, explaining and developing each of the cases previously, and taking conclusions from the use of the method after the resolution of each case. All this will allow to analyze the usefulness of the iterative method studied, to observe the difficulties solving the problems of dimensional synthesis and the degree of adaptability of different mechanisms to certain trajectories.

[eu] Mekanismoen disuinuaren hainbat edukietako bat dimentsio sintesia da. Honen asmoa mekanismo baten funtsezko neurriak kalkulatzea da, mekanismoak zenbait mugimendu baldintza bete dadin. Gisa honetako problemak ebazteak daukan zailtasuna dela eta, hainbat dimentsio sintesi mota daude, bakoitzak metodo ezberdinak erabiliz problemak ebazteko. Beraz, problema bat ebatzi baino lehen, zein motakoa den erabaki behar da, horrela metodo egokiena aukeratuz (hainbat método existitzen baitira), emaitz hobeezin bat ziurtatu ahal izateko. Lan honek dimentsio sintesiaren mota bati buruzkoa da, ibilbide sorkuntzen sintesia. Honen inguruko método iterativo bat azaltzen da, software matematiko baten bitartez metodoa programatzen da eta software hori erabiliz hiru balioztatze kasu ebazten dira. Guzti honi esker metodoari buruzko hainbat ondorio atera ahal izango dira, bere baliogarritasuna edo zehaztasuna mekanismo ezberdinak erabiliz adibidez, hainbeste ondorio askoren artean.
[en] This Final Degree Project (FDP), which is before you, is focused on musical hearing, and particularly, on musical form and expression in Early Childhood Education. The didactic proposal carried out in this project has been designed to introduce it in the last years of Early Childhood Education, that is, in the second stage, this proposal will take into account the musical pedagogical and psychological bases of the stage in which we are. This project and the didactic proposal it contains turn the children's expressions of feelings, wishes and needs into a game throughout music, as well as musical hearing at an early age such as the ability to distinguish the musical form and expression from a piece of music. Bearing in mind that we are in the stage of Early Childhood Education, the report will try to achieve the main objectives though different activities adequate to children age.

[eu] Aurrean daukazun Gradu Amaierako Lan (GRAL) hau, Haur Hezkuntzako etapan entzuketa musikalari eta, bereziki, forma eta adierazpen musikalari, buruzkoa da. Lanak planteatzen duen proposamen didaktikoa Haur Hezkuntzako bigarren etapako azkenengo urteetan ezartzeko diseinatu da eta horrek, kontutan edukiko ditu musikaren oinarri musikal psikologikoak eta pedagogikoak Haur Hezkuntzako etapan. Lan honek eta bere barnean biltzen duen proposamen didaktikoak, arestian aipatu bezala, haurrek musikaren bitartez emozioak, nahiak, beharrizanak, etab. adieraztea jartzen dute jokoan, bai eta adin goiztiarretan entzumen musikala lantzea ere, musika-lanen forma eta adierazpena bereiztuz, adibidez. Haur Hezkuntzako etapan gauden heinean, helburu guzti horiek, haurren adinarekin bat datozen ariketa eta jarduera ezberdinekin lortzen saiatuko da txostena.
[en] This end-of-degree work presents the conceptual design of a utility scale photovoltaic solar generation plant in Badajoz, specifically a 22,032MWp one. Therefore a very advantageous location has been selected with little North-South slope, which makes it suitable for installing trackers and thus maximize captured solar energy. Furthermore the uniformity of the terrain makes the installation of central inverters most convenient and its consistency allows the structures of the trackers to be directly rammed, being this the most inexpensive and beneficial way of doing it. The solar resource is very favourable with an energy production per year according to PVSYST of 43.920 MWh and a specific production of 1.993 kWh/kWp/year, reaching a 84% Performance Ratio of the plant according also to PVSYST, which implies a very profitable amount in terms of generated energy. All the above makes the location unbeatable.

[eu] Gradu-amaierako lan honetan Badajozen utility eskala sortzeko eguzki-instalazio fotovoltaikoa diseinatu da, zehazki 22,032MWp-koa. Horretarako, oso kokapen onuragarria aukeratu da, iparraldetik hegoalderako malda gutxikoa, eta horrek oso egokia egiten du jarraitzaileak instalatzeko eta, hartara, eguzki-energia maximizatzeko. Gainera, lurraren erregulartasunari esker, inbertsore zentrala erabiltzea da irtenbiderik egokiena, eta haren kalitateak zuzenean handitutako egitura instalatzea ahalbidetzen du, hori baita aukerarik onuragarriena eta merkeena. Eguzki-baliabidea oso ona eta egokia da. PVSYSTren arabera, 43.920 MWh/urte energia ekoizten da, eta 1.993 kWh/kWp/urte ekoizten da. Instalazioak Performance Ratioa lortzen du, PVSYSTen arabera ere, %84, eta horrek balio errentagarria eta onuragarria ematen du sortutako energiari dagokionez. Horregatik guztiagatik, kokalekua ezin hobea dela frogatu da.
[en] This Final Degree Project is a bibliographical research about Bibliotherapy, going through its history, analysing the benefits of reading through a perspective of human development, as well as through another more clinical perspective, demonstrating the assets offered by this therapy to people who find themselves in a situation of drug addiction. Emphasis is placed on Winnicott's Theory of Transitionality in order to understand the possible causes of drug addiction and the benefits that Literature can give to people with this problem. As evidence of this, a clinical Bibliotherapy practice is described, which is implemented in Montevideo (Uruguay) with people who is in drug addiction.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan ikerketa bibliografiko bat burutu izan da Liburuterapiari buruz, bere historian zehar, irakurketaren onurak giza garapenaren ikuspegitik aztertzen, eta era berean ikuspegi kliniko batetik, drogen menpe bizi diren pertsonengan terapia honen onurak argi uzten. Winnicott-en Transizionaltasunaren Teoría azaltzen da toxkomanien jatorriak ulertu nahian, baita Literaturak drogen menpe bizi diren perrtsonengan ekarri dezakeen onurak ulertzen saiatzeko. Liburuterapia praktika on gisa, Montevideon (Uruguai) drogo menpekotasuna duten pertsonekin egiten den Biblioterapia kliniko praktika bat deskribatzen da.
[en] This end of grade work (EGW) consists in the development of two different control algorithms for a multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) system which models the behavior of a helicopter. The first one stabilizes the beam of the system in a predefined position regardless of disturbances. The second one makes mockup follow a preset trajectory. The task has included the analysis of the system, its modeling and construction and implementation of both controls. This way, the student has been able to learn how to deal with real time controls and math tools like "Matlab" or "Simulink", carrying a work which may have a further application in a real helicopter if it is considered so.

[eu] Gradu amaierako lan (GAL) honek helikoptero baten eredua egiten duen sarrera eta irteera anitzeko (MIMO) sistema baterako bi control algoritmo eraikitzean datza. Lehenengoak ardatza aurretik zehaztutako posizio batean egonkortzen du, nahiz eta perturbazioak egonaren aukera. Bigarrenak maketak aurretik hautatutako ibilbidea jarraitzea lortzen du. Lana sistemaren analisiaz, haren modelaketaz eta kontrol bien eraikuntzaz eta inplementazioaz osatu da. Honela, ikaslea erreal denborako kontrolekin eta "Matlab" edo "Simulink" erreminta matematikoekin lan egiteko gai izan da, etorkizunean benetazko helikoptero batean ezarpena izan litekeen lana eginez.
[en] Knowing the subjective psychological well-being and life satisfaction of those who take responsibility for lone parent families is an improvement of educational action, helping to prevent hazard situations and social exclusion. This paper presents the analysis of life satisfaction, expressed by a group of young immigrant mothers at the head of single mother's users of "Programa Beregain of Fundación Itaka-Escolapios" (Bilbao). It was carried out semi-structured individual interviews to the mothers who were part of the sample. Data analysis and their interpretation were carried out according to a qualitative methodology, specifically the study of cases. The results showed the low satisfaction in certain vital areas related to interpersonal relationships, leisure, the conciliation of childcare, with the formation itself, and the inability to face up to economic charges without the help that they receive on the part of foundation.

[eu] Guraso bakarreko familietan, familiaren ardura hartzen duten norbanakoen ongizate psikologiko subjektiboa ezagutzeak, hezkuntzaren alderdi bat hobetzen du, horrela ba, arrisku egoerak eta baztertze soziala ekiditen dira. Lan honek, guraso bakarreko familietako ama gazte immigranteen talde baten gainean egindako analisia adierazten du, non ama hauek "Fundación Itaka-Escolapios Beregain Programa"-ren partaide dira, eta hauek bizi-asetzea adierazi dute. Horretarako, semiestrukturatutako entrebista indibidualak egin zaizkie ama hauei. Jasotako erantzun eta interpretazio nahiz datuak, metodologia kualitatiboa bateen arabera aztertu dira, kasuen ikerketa berariaz. Jasotako emaitzek beraien bizitzetako hainbat egoera kaxkar erakutsi zuten, hala nola arazo interpertsonalak, arazoak aisialdiarekin, beraien seme-alaben formakuntzaren gaineko kezka, eta gastu ekonomikoei aurre egiteko ezintasuna, diru laguntzarik jaso gabe fundazioaren aldetik.
[en] EN: In the last few years, there has been increasing interest in the application of robotics as a rehabilitation method. In order for these robotic mechanisms to be successful in the task of patient recovery, the actuators that govern their movements must be properly controlled, so an adequate control strategy is needed. Considering this need, this Master's thesis deals with the analysis of the state of the art of rehabilitation robots and the development of a series of controllers, which allow the necessary exercises to be carried out to facilitate the rehabilitation of the patient's upper limbs. In general, there are two classifications of controllers applied when it comes to rehabilitation robots: low-level and high-level. The low-level controllers addressed in this paper are the computed torque controller, force controller and impedance controller. On the other hand, the high-level controllers are the passive controller, assisted controller, active controller and resistive controller. These controllers are validated under a simulated environment, providing a preamble for their future application in the physical system.

[eu] EU: Azken urteotan, gero eta handiagoa da robotika errehabilitaziorako baliabide gisa aplikatzeko interesa. Mekanismo robotiko hauek pazientea berreskuratzeko zereginean arrakasta izan dezaten, beharrezkoa da haien mugimenduak zuzentzen dituzten eragingailuak behar bezala kontrolatzea, hau da, kontrol estrategia egokia behar da. Behar hori ikusita, Master Amaierako Lan hau errehabilitazio-roboten artearen egoera aztertzeaz eta kontrolagailu batzuen garapenaz aritzen da, pazientearen goiko muturren errehabilitazioa errazten duten beharrezko ariketak egiteko aukera ematen dutenak. Normalean, errehabilitazio-robotei dagokienez aplikatzen diren kontrolagailuen sailkapen bi daude: maila baxua eta maila altua. Lan honetan jorratzen diren maila baxuko kontrolagailuak konputatutako momentu-kontrolatzailea, indar-kontrolatzailea eta inpedantzia-kontrolatzailea dira. Bestalde, goi-mailako kontrolagailuak kontroladore pasiboa, lagundutako kontroladore, aktiboak eta erresistentziako kontrolatzaileak dira. Kontrolagailu hauek ingurune simulatu batean baliozkotzen dira, sistema fisikoan etorkizunean aplikatzeko hitzaurre gisa balioz.
[en] Abstract. This work establishes the benefits that reading brings to children in school age, and presents some of the most effective activities carried out at schools in the last few years to promote reading. The metodology used is based in a deep bibliographyc search, with qualitative and quantitative results of the success of each activity mentioned. The work has some limitations, since it is very difficult to find the continuity of the activities; therefore, there will be some other effective activities not named here because of lack of data. Nevertheless, it is an interesting research because it demonstrates with experts witnesses the benefits that reading contributes and presents only thoose activities that have been successful.

[eu] Laburpena. Lan honek irakurzaletasunak eskola haurrari eskaintzen dizkion onurak zeintzuk diren zehazten du, eta azken urteotan eskoletan irakurzaletasuna sustatzeko gauzatu izan diren jarduera eraginkorrenetariko batzuk aurkezten ditu. Erabili izan den metodologia bilaketa bibliografiko sakon batean oinarrituta dago, hemen aipatzen den ekintza eraginkor bakoitzak izandako emaitzak kualitatiboki nahiz kuantitatiboki frogatuta daudelarik. Lanak hainbat muga dauzka, oso zaila delako egin diren ekintzen jarraipenen zifrak lortzea; horregatik, eraginkorrak diren beste hainbat ekintza egongo dira hemen aipatzen ez direnak datu faltagatik. Hala ere, ikerketa interesgarria da irakurzaletasunak dakartzan onurak frogatzen dituezten adituen testigantzak biltzen dituelako eta emaitza onak lortu dituzten ekintzak soilik aurkezten dituelako.
[en] Through this project, threading tests are done in different conditions, changing velocities (Vc= 1 m/min y Vc= 10 m/min), functions (G63 and G84) and tap holders (rigid and semi-rigid). This is done in ADI 1000 material and making use of the Kondia A6 milling machine, located in the workshop of the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. Results are obtained into different circumstances since a unique change can produce a breakage in the tap. Finally, results obtained are compared and contrasted.

[eu] Proiektu honetan zehar, hariztaketa entseguak egingo dira, baldintza ezberdinetan, esaterako, abiadurak (Vc =1 m/min eta Vc = 10 m/min), funtzioak (G84 eta G63) eta ardatz-etxeak (zurruna eta erdi-zurruna) aldatuz. Lan hau, ADI 1000 materialean eta Kondia A6 fresatzeko makinaz egingo da, Bilboko Ingenieritza Goi Eskola Teknikoko tailerrean kokatuta dagoena. Emaitzak, baldintza ezberdinetan aztertu behar dira, aldaketa bakar batek hariztatzeko ardatzaren apurketa ekar dezakelarik. Amaitzeko, lortutako emaitzak konprobatu eta konparatuko dira.
[en] The Trans People's Rights Movement, which is to be established by regulation, has become one of the most controversial political issues today. The Trans Act of 4/2023 did not put an end to any discrimination and legal vacuum in the trans collective. This law recognized the self-determination of trans persons, but has left in the air so many other rights, as the determination of filiation of transsexual parents. Transsexual men cannot identify themselves as "fathers" in the Register once they have given birth, but the law requires them to be named "mothers". This work has examined the international, European and national regulations on the determination of filiation of pregnant trans men. At the end, a possible legal solution is proposed and a reflection is made on the breakdown of gender stereotypes and traditional gender roles.

[eu] Trans pertsonen eskubideen aldeko mugimendua, araudien bidez ezarri nahi dena, gaur egungo gai politiko eztabaidagarrienetako bat bihurtu da. 4/2023ko Trans Legeak ez zuen bukatu trans kolektiboak pairatzen dituen diskriminazio eta hutsune legal ororekin. Lege horrek pertsona transen autodeterminazio aitortu zuen, baina airean utzi ditu beste hainbeste eskubide, hala nola guraso transexualen filiazio determinazioa. Gizon transexualek behin erditu eta gero ezin dute Erregistroan "aita" gisa identifikatu, legeak "ama" izendatzea derrigortzen dute. Lan honetan gizon trans haurdunen filiazio determinazioari buruzko Nazioarteko araudia, Europa mailakoa eta araudi nazionala aztertu dira. Amaieran irtenbide juridiko posible bat proposatzen da eta baita ere hausnarketa bat egiten da genero estereotipoak eta generoari lotutako rol tradizionalak hausteari buruz.
[en] Cooperative learning, in which students use different communication strategies, has been shown to have many benefits in terms of student learning, and by meeting the requirements of the educational curriculum, it turns out to be a great learning method. That is why the aim of this study was to establish meaningful interactions between peers in order to analyse the interaction strategies used by these students. Specifically, in order to analyse 20 pupils in a 5-year-old classroom of a public school where Basque is taught through the linguistic immersion programme and where the pupils' native language is Spanish, Basque or both. For this purpose, an intervention was carried out in pairs. The pairs, which were formed according to their native language, performed two communicative tasks and their interaction was recorded. For the analysis of the data, the interaction strategies were classified and counted in categories and, finally, the percentages were obtained. The results show a higher number of used strategies related to linguistic involvement and, in general, the couple that has Spanish as their mother tongue has been the one that has used the most strategies. Based on these results, some suggestions have been proposed for the linguistic didactics of this stage.

[eu] Frogatu denez, ikaskuntza kooperatiboak, non ikasleek hainbat komunikazio-estrategia erabiltzen dituzten, onura asko ditu ikasleen ikaskuntzari dagokionez, eta hezkuntza-curriculumeko baldintzak betetzen dituenez, ikasteko metodo ezin hobea da. Horiek horrela, azterketa honen helburua berdinen arteko interakzio esanguratsuak ezartzea izan da, ikasle horiek erabiltzen dituzten interakzio estrategiak aztertzeko. Zehazki, ikastetxe publiko bateko 5 urteko ikasgela bateko 20 ikasle aztertu dira, non euskara irakasten den murgiltzen programan eta haien ama-hizkuntza gaztelania, euskara edo biak diren. Horretarako, esku-hartze bat egin zen, bikoteka. Ama-hizkuntzaren arabera osatuta zeuden bikoteek bi ataza komunikatibo bete zituzten eta haien interakzioa grabatu zen. Datuak aztertzeko, interakzio estrategiak kategorietan sailkatu eta zenbatu ziren, eta, azkenik, ehunekoak atera ziren. Emaitzen arabera, gehiago dira hizkuntza inplikazioari lotutako estrategien erabilpena eta, oro har, gaztelania ama-hizkuntza duen bikotea izan da estrategia gehien erabili dituena. Emaitza hauei erreparatuta, etapa honetako hizkuntza didaktikarako iradokizun batzuk proposatu dira