BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] The criminal justice system of guarantees cannot give the keys to interpret the criminal and political changes, because these obey to a new way of forming and modeling the penal social control. The social and legal debate on the contemporary criminal policy is centered in more effective models of prevention of the delinquency. In this sense, the alternative would be the penal model that puts a social approach towards the delinquency before the repressive approach, dealing with the criminality consciously of the complexity of the phenomenon, focusing in the causes of the problems, and giving its time to social modifications.

[eu] Orain arteko modelu penal garantistak ezin ditu dauden aldaketa politiko kriminalaren gakoak argitu, hauek kontrol sozial penala eratzeko era berri bat bait dira. Gaur egungo politika kriminalari buruzko eztabaida sozial eta juridikoa delinkuentziaren prebentzioan datza. Zentzu honetan, gertutasun sozial bat izango litzateke alternatiba, kriminalitate espertuaren mozketarako, zergatiak bilatuaz eta gizartearen aldaketara moldatzen dena.
[en] For the following Master's thesis, a comparative study was carried out between freight insurance and Loss of Earnings/Loss of Hire (LOE/LOH) insurance. Therefore, the objective of this work was none other than to use hypothetical case studies to explain the main differences between them and the main situations in which one or the other insurance should be used. In order to achieve this objective, a bibliographic study of various articles, books and works by experts in the field of marine insurance, especially charter insurance and LOE/LOH, was carried out. Subsequently, these two insurances have been described and explained in detail and separately to form the basis of the comparative study, which, as already mentioned, is made up of hypothetical case studies that serve to establish different situations that show the uses and coverage of these two insurances and the differences that exist between them. At the end of this work we reach the conclusions, where the main differences between these insurances discovered in the comparative study are set out, it is determined which insurance is more beneficial for the parties that make up a contract for the operation of the ship and it is determined whether or not double insurance is incurred.

[eu] Ondorengo master amaierarako, azterketa konparatiboa egin da merkantzien aseguruen eta Irabazien galera / Alokairu galera, LOE / LOH aseguruen artean. Hori dela eta, lan honen helburua, kasu praktiko hipotetikoen bidez, haien arteko desberdintasun nagusiak eta aseguru bat edo beste erabili behar diren egoera nagusiak agerian uztea baino ez da izan. Helburu hori lortzeko, itsas aseguruetan, batez ere merkantzien eta LOE / LOH aseguruen arloan egile adituek egindako artikulu, liburu eta lan ezberdinen azterketa bibliografikoa egin da. Ondoren, bi aseguru horiek zehatz-mehatz eta banan-banan deskribatu eta azaldu dira azterketa konparatiboaren oinarria osatzeko, eta, esan bezala, kasu praktiko hipotetiko batzuek osatzen dituzte, erabilera eta estaldura erakusten duten egoera desberdinak finkatzeko balio dutenak. bi aseguru horiek eta haien artean dauden desberdintasunak. Lan hau amaitzean, ondorioak lortzen dira, non azterketa konparatiboan aurkitutako aseguru horien arteko desberdintasun nagusiak agerian geratzen diren eta zehazten da zein aseguru onuragarriagoa den itsasontziaren ustiapenerako kontratua osatzen duten zatientzat zein aseguru onuragarriagoa den aztertzen da eta aseguru bikoitza hartzen duzun edo ez zehazten da.
[en] The objective of this Final-Year Dissertation is to design a didactic unit that promotes a healthy and sustainable diet. For this purpose, information on the subject has been sought in different bibliographical sources and research has been carried out at the Larrabetzu public school in order to identify and analyse students' knowledge deficiencies on the subject. Two quantitative questionnaires were used to carry out the study, one aimed at teachers and the other at students. A total of 86 students and teachers participated in the study and the results were very useful for the design of the teaching unit. Once the answers have been analysed, it has been established that the main objective of the didactic unit is to promote the consumption of fruit and vegetables in order to encourage a healthy and sustainable diet. Furthermore, in order to take advantage of the resources available at the school, a large part of the focus of the didactic unit is on the school garden.

[eu] Gradu amaierako lan honen helburua elikadura osasuntsua eta jasangarria sustatuko duen unitate didaktiko bat diseinatzea da. Horretarako, gaiari buruzko informazioa bilatu da iturri bibliografikoetan eta ikerketa bat egin da Larrabetzuko eskola publikoan, ikasleek gaiaren inguruan dituzten gabeziak aztertzeko. Azterketa egiteko bi galdetegi kuantitatibo erabili dira, bata irakasleentzat eta bestea ikasleentzat. Guztira 86 ikaslek eta irakaslek hartu dute parte azterketan eta emaitzak oso erabilgarriak izan dira unitate didaktikoa diseinatzeko. Erantzunak aztertu ondoren, egiaztatu da unitate didaktikoaren helburu nagusia fruta eta barazkien kontsumoa sustatzea dela, elikadura osasuntsua eta jasangarria sustatzeko. Gainera, eskolak dituen baliabideak aprobetxatzeko, unitate didaktikoaren ikuspegiaren zati handi bat eskolako baratzean oinarritu da.
[en] -In this thesis, we have developed algorithms to solve large-scale Orienteering Problems. The Orienteering Problem is a combinatorial optimization problem were given a weighted complete graph with vertex profits and a maximum distance constraint, the goal is to find the simple cycle which maximizes the sum of the profits of the visited vertices. To solve the Orienteering Problem, we have developed an evolutionary algorithm and a Branch-and-Cut algorithm. One of the key characteristics of the evolutionary algorithm is to work with unfeasible solutions. From the point of view of genetic operators, the main contribution has been the development of the Edge Recombination Crossover for the Orienteering Problem, which in a wider context it is also valid for any cycle problem. Another contribution has been the developed local search to handle large problems. The Branch-and-Cut algorithm includes new contributions in the separation algorithms of inequalities stemming from the cycle problem, in the separation loop, in the variables pricing, and in the calculation of the lower and upper bounds of the problem. At the same time, we have generalized for cycle problems the support graph shrinking techniques and procedures to speed up the exact separation algorithms for subcycle elimination constraints. The experiments carried out in large-sized instances, up to 7393 nodes, show that both algorithms achieve outstanding results, both in terms of the quality of solutions and in terms of the execution time.

[eu] Tesi lan honetan, tamaina handiko Orientazio Problemak ebazteko algoritmoak garatu ditugu. Orientazio Problema optimizazio konbinatorioko problema bat da: herri multzo bat eta hauen arteko distantzia emanik, herri bakoitzak bere saria duelarik, eta ibilbidearen distantzia osoaren murrizketa bat ezarririk, problemaren helburua sarien batura maximizatzen duen ibilbidea aurkitzean datza. Orientazio Problema ebazteko, algoritmo ebolutibo bat eta Branch-and-Cut algoritmo bat garatu ditugu. Algoritmo ebolutiboaren ezaugarri nagusienetako bat, soluzio ez bideragarriekin lan egitea da. Eragile genetikoen ikuspuntutik algoritmo honen ekarpen nagusia Orientazio Problemarentzako proposatutako Ertzen Birkonbinazio Gurutzaketa da. Beste ekarpen bat problema handiak ebazteko aproposa den bilaketa lokala da. Branch-and-Cut algoritmoak berriz, ziklo problementzako banantze algoritmoetan, banantze begiztan, aldagaien baloratzean, eta problemaren goi eta behe-mugen kalkuluan ditu ekarpen nagusiak. Aldi berean, ziklo problementzako algoritmo zehatzaren parte diren euskarri grafoen sinplifikazio teknika eta azpizikloak identifikatzeko separazio algoritmoak aztertu ditugu. Tamaina handiko problemekin, 7393 herrirainokoak, egindako esperimentuek erakusten dute bi algoritmoek primerako emaitzak lortzen dituztela, bai soluzioen kalitatearen aldetik eta bai algoritmoen azkartasunaren aldetik ere.
[en] The author presents some considerations about what is legitimate to expect with regard to death. He distinguishes the different responses dominating in western culture. both sociological as well as anthropological.

[eu] Egileak heriotzaren aurrean espero izatea legezkoa denari buruzko gogoeta bat egiten du eta erantzun desberdinak bereizten ditu ere, bai soziologiko bai antropologiko ezaugarrizkoak, Mendebaldeko kulturan nagusitzen direnak.
[en] Pacing strategies have been proposed to occur during continuous cyclical exercise. However, it is not clear if this pacing take place during short maximal exercises. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine if changing the knowledge of endpoint in this type of activities, would affect athletes performance. METHOD: Seven male participants completed the same protocol during three days (8 maximal repetitions with a minute of recovery) where the information they received was changed. The first day participants were told to perform 4 repetitions, but after that, they complete 4 more (deception Trial). The second day they did not know the number of total repetition they would do (Unknown Trial) and they were stopped after the eighth. Finally, the third day they were informed to complete 8 repetitions (Control Trial). RESULTS: Significance differences were found (p>0.05) between Deception and Unknown trials during first four repetitions. CONCLUSION: The results propose that pacing strategy can occur during short repeated-sprint efforts in anticipation of the number of sprints that will be completed in the trial.

[eu] Iraupen luzeko kirol ziklikoetan nekea kudeatzeko erabilitako estrategiak faktore determinante bat izan daitekeela frogatu da. Hala ere, iraupen motzeko esfortzu maximoetan ez dago argi fenomeno bera eman daitekeen. Hori dela eta, lan honen helburu nagusia, mota honetako frogetan parte hartzaileen ezagutza maila aldatuz hauen errendimenduan aldakuntzak eman litezkeen aztertzea izan da. METODOA: Gizonezko zazpi bolondres hartu zuten parte hiru egun ezberdinetan burututako protokoloa berean (8 errepikapen maximoak minutu bateko errekuperazioarekin) non emandako informazioa aldatzen joan zen. Honela, lehenengo egunean 4 errepikapen burutuko zituztela esan zitzaien, hauek bukatzean beste 4 bidaliz (Etsipen Froga). Bigarren egunean ez zitzaien esan zenbat errepikapen burutuko zituzten (Suspense Froga) eta behin zortzigarrena eginda gelditu zitzaien. Azkenik, hirugarren egunean 8 errepikapen burutuko zituztela agindu zitzaien (Kontrol Froga). EMAITZAK: Ezberdintasun adierazgarriak (p>0.05) aurkitu ziren lehenengo lau errepikapenen arteko emaitzetan Etsipen eta Suspense frogen artean. KONKLUSIOA: Emaitzei erreparatuz ondorioztatu daiteke iraupen motzeko esfortzu maximoetan, nekearen gestiorako estrategiak aurre hartzen direla burutuko diren errepikapen kopuruaren arabera
[en] The purpose of this paper is based in a propositive approach preferentially oriented towards the use of Marxian categories and directed especially to its application in determined archaeological and historical contexts, that is, the development of productive forces in the framework of the production relationships of the called "allodial regime" in Catalonia, especially in the counties of Osona and Manresa (Central Catalonia) during the 9th-11th centuries. The aim is to raise some theoretical reflections centered on the concretion of social materiality as real and historically determined expression. For the present example, this is to link a material reality, such as ceramic productions and workshops of origin, with a documentary and abstract legal knowledge we have about a particular social formation based on the premise that it was this same material reality that set in its development that abstraction so far has been studied mainly in its documentary aspect.

[eu] Artikulu honen helburua batez ere planteamendu propositivo batean oinarritzen da, maila marxisten erabilpenean bideratuta eta bereziki testuinguru historiko eta arkeologiko zehaztuen ezarpenean zuzenduta. Hau da, Kataluñan erregimen alodiala delakoaren ekoizpen-erlazioen esparruan indar produktiboen garapena, eta bereziki, IX. eta XI. mendeetan zehar Osona-ko eta Manresa-ko konderrietan (Katalunia Zentrala). Horrela, adierazpen erreala eta historikoki zehaztuta bezalako materialtasun sozialaren zehazpenean arreta jartzen duten gogoeta teoriko batzuk proposatu nahi dira. Hautatu den adibiderako, helburua errealitate materiala (adibidez, ekoizpen zeramikoak eta bere jatorri-lantegiak), egitura sozial partikular batean daukagun ezaguera dokumental eta juridiko abstraktuarekin lotzea da. Horretarako, premisa hau jarraitzen da: errealitate materiala bera izan zela orain arte dokumentuetan ikasitako aipaturiko abstrakzioaren garapenena.
[en] We live in a globalized world where standardized management systems and their evolution, the integrated management system, have had a great impact to achieve competitive advantages, as a result of the social responsibility that business management has to have. Taking this situation into account, the aim of this work is to propose the integration of the most extended management systems (quality, environment and work health and safety) in a company of Basque Country. For that, it has collected information about those management systems first, and then, it has made a study of the current situation in terms of management systems and integration and, from the results obtained, it has proposed a guide for the implementation of an integrated management system. Due to good previous experience in ISO 9001 implementation and limited resources SMEs use to have, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 implementation and certification process, and their integration, will be made with Lloyd's Register company and, even there is no integration certificate, it will be a final audit to evaluate it.

[eu] Bizi garen mundu globalizatuan lehiarako abantaila lortzeko arrakasta handia izan dute kudeaketa sistema normalizatuek, eta hauen eboluzioa den kudeaketa sistema integratuak, erakundeen kudeaketa egokiak hartu duen gizarte-erantzukizun emaitza bezala. Bilakaera hau kontutan izanda, lan honen helburua Euskal Herriko enpresa baten kudeaketa sistema hedatuenen integrazioa (kalitatea, ingurumena eta lanerako segurtasun eta osasuna) planteatzea da. Horretarako, kudeaketa sistemen inguruko informazio teorikoa bildu da lehenengo eta, geroago, enpresak kudeaketa sistemen eta integrazio arloetan egun duen egoeraren azterlana burutu da, lortutako emaitzetatik abiatuta, kudeaketa sistema integratua ezartzeko plana proposatuz. ISO 9001 normarekin izandako esperientzia ona eta ETEek orokorrean duten baliabide mugatuak direla eta, ISO 14001 eta OHSAS 18001 normen ezarpena eta integrazioa egiteko, eta ziurtagiriak lortzeko, Lloyd's Register enpresaren zerbitzuak kontratatuko dira, eta integrazioren ziurtagiririk ez dagoen arren, hura ebaluatzeko bukaerako auditoria ere egingo da.
[en] In this end-of-degree project, a personal strategic reflection is made about the company Airlan Industrial, S.A., in which I have done my internship in the dual itinerary of the Degree in Business Administration and Management and which has served me as a case study in this exercise. To do this, I have used different tools of strategic management that we have worked throughout the studies of the degree, such as: the PESTEL analysis, Porter's Five Forces, the analysis of resources and capabilities, the SWOT matrix and the proposal of strategic lines

[eu] Gradu amaierako lan honetan Airlan Industrial, S.A. enpresari buruzko hausnarketa estrategiko pertsonala egiten da. Enpresa horretan Enpresen Administrazio eta Zuzendaritza Graduko ibilbide dualean egin nuen egonaldia adibide gisa erabili dudalarik. Horretarako, graduaren ikasketetan landu dugun zuzendaritza estrategikoari dagozkion hainbat tresna erabili ditut: PESTEL analisia, Porterren Bost indarrak, baliabideen eta gaitasunen azterketa, AMIA matrizea eta ildo estrategikoen proposamena.
[en] From archaeology it is possible to access the material context of what happened in an objective manner. However, many readings about social groups of the past do not respect this principle. On the one hand, postmodernist approaches suppose a catastrophe, when defending that everything is a question of perceptions and aesthetics. In the same way, "dangerous friendships" between some proposals and neoliberalism, reclaiming a supposed equality, snatched scientific force for to known reality of women and men of the past and the present. In addition, from relativists, essentialists and universalist positions, social subjects are exposed to almost inevitable destinations, naturalizing the statu quo. In this moment, when the academic world seems to become increasingly conservative and static, we think that a materialist and feminist position in historical research is required. We are betting on Archaeology as social science, compromised with the improvement of the living conditions of women and men. Opposite to idealisms and mythologizations, and in front to prevailing androcentrism, we believe that is possible not engender convenient manipulations of the past.

[eu] Arkeologiaren bidez, gertatu zenaren testuinguru materiala era objektiboan lortu dezakegu. Hala ere, iraganaren giza taldeen irakurketa asko ez dira printzipio honetara egokitzen. Alde batetik, proposamen posmodernistak ekarritako hondamena, dena hautemateen eta estetikaren kontua dela ustera eraman gaitu. Era berean, neoliberalismoarekin "adiskidetasun arriskutsuetan" korapilatu diren proposamenak, ustezko berdintasunaren bilaketaren lemaren azpian, iraganeko eta orainaldiko gizon-emakumeen errealitatea ezagutzeko indar zientifikoa kendu dute. Gainera, aurrekontu erlatibista, esentzialista eta unibertsalistak, gizakiak ia halabeharrezko patuetara doazela erakusten dute, statuquo-a naturalizatzen. Egungo bezalako une batean, badirudi mundu akademikoak mugiezin eta kontserbadore bilakatu dela eta horregatik, ikerketa historikoan jarrera materialista eta feminista beharrezkoa dela uste dugu. Gizon-emakumeen bizi-baldintzak hobetzen dituen Arkeologia baten alde apustu egiten dugu, giza zientzia konprometitua delarik. Idealismoen eta mitifikazioen kontra eta androzentrismo nagusiaren aurrean, iraganaren manipulazio komenigarriak ez sortzea posible dela uste dugu.
[en] It is analysed the penal justice model discussing about crme concept as a situation that concern the offender as much as the victim. And it is also explained the diversity of responses with regard to the delinquency. Likewise, the principles that should guide penal justice and different systems of victim compensaton are presented.

[eu] Lan honetan justizi penalaren eredua ikertu egiten da, delitu kontzeptua bai gaizkile bai biktimari dagokien egoera gisa aztertuz, eta gaizkintzaren aurrean eman daitezken erantzun desberdinak azalduz. Era berean, justizi penala eta kalte-ordainketa sistema ezberdinak agindu behar duten arauak aurkeztu egiten dira.
[en] This paper poses an experimental study of a distillation process. Distillation is one of the most used unit operations in industry to separate different components in a liquid mixture. The clearest industrial example is the one of oil refineries, by using distillation it is possible to obtain different combustibles. A learning process has been developed in distillation. Starting from theoretical background, experimental and simulation based work has been carried out. Ethanolwater binary mixture has been chosen as the mixture to be separated and the effect of the variation of the following parameters was studied: reflux ratio, feed-stage location, feed temperature, pressure drop… Once all the parameters were analyzed the process mass and energy balance was carried out. , A fully automatic lab-scale pilot plant was used in the experimental part. It allows observing the behavior of the different PID controllers, analyze the samples that are extracted from the plant and understand the distillation process. This work allowed putting into practice the mass and energy balances and the liquid-vapor equilibrium studied along the degree.

[eu] Gradu amaierako lan honetan destilazio prozesu baten ikasketa burutu da maila teorikotik hasita, esperimentaziora heldu arte. Destilazioa industrian nahaste likido bateko konposatuak bereizteko gehien erabiltzen den oinarrizko eragiketa da. Industria adibiderik argiena petrolio findegiena da, destilazioan oinarriturik erregai/konposatu ezberdinak lortzen direlarik. Lan honen bidez destilazioaren inguruko jakintza barneratzeko ikasketa burutzen da, maila teorikotik abiatuz, planta pilotu automatiko bat erabiltzeraino simulazio bidezko kalkuluetatik pasata. Oinarritzat etanol-ur nahastea erabili da, bertan errefluxutasa, elikadura etapa, elikadura tenperatura eta karga galera parametroen efektua aztertu delarik. Parametro guztiak aztertuta prozesuaren balantzeak egin daitezke, simulazio bidez lortutako emaitzak eta irakingailu eta kondentsagailuan egindako energia balantzeekin alderatzeko. Laborategian guztiz automatizatuta eta ordenagailu bidez kontrolatzen den planta pilotua erabili da, non PID kontrolagailu diferentzialen portaera aztertu daitekeen. Graduan zehar ikasitako masa eta energia balantzeak eta likido-lurrun orekak praktikan jarri dira destilazioaren nondik norakoa ezagutzeko planta pilotutik lortzen diren laginak aztertuz.
[en] Wind, a natural phenomenon caused by the movement of large masses of air, provokes different forces against structures that may lead to serious structural damages. In this bachelor project, wind loads on slender structures are going to be studied, more particularly, wind loads on industrial chimneys. A comparison between diverse ways of minimising those effects will be also carried out, to decide which of them is the best for each circumstance.

[eu] Haizeak, aire masa handien mugimenduak eragindako fenomeno naturalak, hainbat eratako indarrak eragiten ditu egituretan. Haizeak eragindako indar horien ondorioz, kalte izugarriak ager daitezke egituretan. Gradu Amaierako Lan (GRAL) honetan, indar horiek egitura lerdenetan dituzten efektuak aztertuko dira, bereziki tximinia industrialetan eragiten dituztenak. Efektu horiek txikiagotzeko hainbat aukeren arteko ikerketa konparatiboa egingo da ere, inguruneko baldintzen arabera aukerarik onena zein den erabakitzeko.
[en] The objective of this report is to present the reader a project based on the study of deburring of superalloys. In aeronautical applications, nickel-based superalloys are widely used for the manufacture of low pressure turbines. These alloys can withstand high temperatures without losing their mechanical properties, but are also hard to mechanize. This project is focused in an optimum removal of the burrs so as to avoid premature faults in these pieces. The project consists in several tests on simulated burrs that will be later analyzed. This data will enable us to obtain the best parameters for deburring operations when working with this kind of materials.

[eu] Txosten honek superaleazioetan bizar-kentze metodo baten ikerketan oinarritutako proiektua irakurleari aurkeztea du helburu. Aplikazio aeronautikoetan, nikel superaleazioak presio baxuko turbinen fabrikaziorako erabili ohi dira. Aleazio hauetako ezaugarri garrantzitsuena propietate mekanikoak galdu gabe tenperatura altuak jasateko ahalmena da. Hala ere, mekanizagarritasun apala erakusten dute. Proiektu hau huts goiztiarrak saihesteko rebaba edo bizar hauen ezabapen egokian zentratuta dago. Rebaba simulatuekin egingo dira hainbat saiakera, geroago analizatuko direnak. Lortutako datuek material mota hauetan bizar-kentze operazioak lantzean parametrorik onenak ezagutzea ahalbidetuko dute.