[en] This paper analyzes the role of the italian social movement in Italy (MSI) in the twentieth century. The key to understand its influence would lie in the peculiarities of the political regime emerged from the ruins of fascism. With the proclamation of the republic many fascists enrolled in the ranks of the christian Democrats and other parties of the right, leaving the MSI as sole heir of fascism. That did not stop working with the christian Democrats through the strategy of ?inserimento?. When the christian Democrats began their approach to the italian socialist Party, the MSI was clearly excluded and located in a relatively marginal position. Its later resurgence may be explained considering the radical changes in italian politics in the sixties and seventies; circumstances which favoured the arrival of Giorgio Almirante as leader of MSI in 1969. In that period, the MSI presented itself as the political party of restored order and ready to fight subversion (communist) itself. During the 80s, the MSI moved between the ?strategy-Party Protest? leaded by Almirante and the idea of a ?civil society Party? defended by Rauti. In the end, the MSI, after the change of leadership of Almirante by Gianfranco Fini, began a new path which stated loyalty to the values of fascism, strengthened by the crisis of communism. This MSI new discourse eased its growth in circumstances in which the traditional parties and the Italian Republican system as a whole were practically about to collapse. Subsequently, the post-fascist Alianza Nacional emerged; a political formation which later on merged into Forza Italia, leaded by Silvio Berlusconi.

[es] En este trabajo se analiza el papel del movimiento social italiano en la pol?tica del pa?s transalpino del siglo XX. La clave de su influencia estar?a en las peculiaridades del r?gimen pol?tico surgido de las ruinas del fascismo. Con la proclamaci?n de la rep?blica muchos fascistas se enrolaron en las filas de la Democracia cristiana y otros partidos de la derecha, dejando al MSI como ?nico heredero del fascismo. Eso no le impidi? colaborar con la Democracia cristiana a trav?s de la estrategia del ?inserimento?. Cuando la Democracia cristiana empez? su aproximaci?n al Partido socialista italiano, el MSI se vio claramente excluido y situado en una posici?n relativamente marginal. Su resurgimiento estar? relacionado con los cambios radicales ocurridos en la pol?tica italiana en las d?cadas de los sesenta y setenta que propiciaran la llegada al liderazgo de Giorgio Almirante en 1969. El MSI se presentar? como un partido restaurador del orden y dispuesto a combatir por s? mismo la subversi?n. Durante los a?os 80 el MSI se mover? entre la estrategia del Partido-Protesta de Almirante y la idea de un partido de la sociedad civil defendido por Rauti. Al final, el MSI, tras el cambio de liderazgo de Almirante por Gianfranco Fini, inici? un nuevo camino donde se afirmaba la lealtad a los valores del fascismo, corroborado por la crisis del comunismo. su nuevo discurso propici? el crecimiento del MSI en unas circunstancias en las que los partidos tradicionales y el sistema republicano italiano saltaban pr?cticamente por los aires. Nace el postfascismo de Alianza Nacional que se integrar? en el movimiento Forza Italia de Silvio Berlusconi.