BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Due to the frequency of aggressions suffered by journalists in conflict situations and in order to guarantee the right to information, international law establishes a series of guarantees. This paper analyzes the degree of protection of this professional activity in war environments, taking into account both international humanitarian law and human rights. It will also consider the role of state practices, that of NGOs and that of certain courts at different levels. In addition, different problems present in this field will be mentioned, such as the casuistry of internal conflicts, the emergence of different profiles of journalists or impunity.

[eu] Kazetariek gatazka egoeretan pairatzen dituzten erasoak ohikoak direnez eta informaziorako eskubidea bermatzeko helburuarekin, nazioarteko zuzenbideak berme batzuk ezartzen ditu. Lan honetan jarduera profesional hori gerra eremuetan nola babesten den aztertzen da, nazioarteko zuzenbide humanitarioaren eta nazioarteko giza eskubideen bitartez. Horrekin batera, kontuan hartuko dira estatuen praktikak, GKE-ek edo maila desberdinetako auzitegiek zein eragin duten alor honetan. Gainera, arloaren hainbat arazo aztertzen dira, aipatzerako, barne gatazken egoera, kazetari profil berrien agerpena edo inpunitatea.
[en] Naturalized outdoor spaces for children from 0 to 3 years of age promote comprehensive development, taking into account the emotional and physical well-being of children. In addition, from a gender perspective, they can explore and learn in inclusive and equitable environments, without stereotypes or limitations. Therefore, the following Final Degree Project seeks to combine both aspects, analyzing from a gender perspective the process of naturalization of the outdoor space of the Zaramaga Municipal Nursery School and to respond to the existing needs in the process through service learning. The objective of this work has been, therefore, to make a diagnosis of the process, analyze the needs and systematize the good practices. The results of this work show that the spaces in the process of naturalization, in addition to complementing education, actively contribute to it. Therefore, this work clearly concludes that the implementation of good practices in outdoor spaces and with a gender perspective promotes the integral development of children from 0 to 3 years of age, encouraging interaction with nature and free play, offering equal opportunities. These environments and their pedagogical proposals enrich physical, emotional, social and cognitive development, favoring inclusion and creativity

[eu] Egun, edatua da 0-3 urte bitarteko haurrentzako kanpo-espazioek, naturalizatuta daudenean, ongizate emozionala zein fisikoa aintzat hartzen duen garapen integrala sustatzen dutenaren ideia, baita haurtzaroan genero-ikuspegitik ingurune inklusibo eta ekitatiboetan esploratu eta ikas dezaketela, estereotiporik eta mugarik gabe ziurtatu behar izatearena. Horregatik, honako Gradu Amaierako Lanak bi alderdi hauek uztartzea bilatzen du eta horretarako Zaramaga Udal Haur Eskolako kanpo espazioaren naturalizazio prozesua genero ikuspegitik aztertzean eta ikaskuntza-zerbitzuaren bidez prozesuan dauden beharrei erantzutean datza. Lan honen helburua beraz, prozesuaren diagnostiko bat egin, beharrak aztertu eta praktika onak sistemazitzea izan da. Lan honen emaitzek argi adierazten dute, naturalizazio prozesuan murgilduta dauden espazioek hezkuntza osatzeaz gain, hezkuntzari modu aktiboan laguntzen diotela eta garbi ondorioztatzen du kanpo espazioetan eta genero ikuspuntua kontuak izanik praktika onak martxan jartzeak 0-3 urte bitarteko haurren garapen integrala sustatzen dute, naturarekiko elkarrekintza eta jolas librea sustatuz, berdintasunezko aukerak eskainiz. Ingurune horiek eta bertan egiten diren proposamen pedagogikoek aberastu egiten baitute garapen fisikoa, emozionala, soziala eta kognitiboa, inklusioa eta sormena bultzatuz
[en] Emotional education has become a fundamental concept in the school environment, but it still faces significant challenges, such as the need for correct emotional management by teachers. The main objective of this project is to investigate the importance given to the emotional regulation by Early Childhood Education teachers, both currently and throughout their personal development. The results obtained reveal a lack of training in affective competencies, which leads, on several occasions, to emotional overflows in their work environment. Given the above, it is worth highlighting the need to train competent teachers, taking into account that these, in turn, will train and be references for future generations.

[eu] Hezkuntza emozionala funtsezko kontzeptu bihurtu da eskola-ingurunean, baina oraindik erronka garrantzitsuei aurre egin behar die, hala nola irakasleen kudeaketa emozional egokiaren beharrari. Lan honen helburu nagusia Haur Hezkuntzako irakaslek erregulazio emozionalari ematen dioten garrantzia ikertzea da, bai bizitzen ari diren gaurkotasunean zein izandako garapen pertsonalean zehar. Lortutako emaitzek agerian uzten dute gaitasun afektiboetan ez dagoela prestakuntzarik, eta horrek, zenbaitetan, lan-ingurunean emozioak gainezka egitea dakar. Horregatik guztiagatik, irakasle gaituak prestatzeko beharra azpimarratu nahi da, kontuan hartuta irakasle horiek, aldi berean, etorkizuneko belaunaldientzako erreferente izango direla.
[en] This Final Degree Project focuses on the issue of inequality between genders. As the main topic, an Service-learning service has been carried out, in which 34 students in their second year of Primary Education have participated in an intervention whose main objective was to make them aware that the difference between genders still exists and that stereotypes still have a great impact on this difference, especially gender stereotypes. For this purpose, an Service-learning service has been used as a methodology to provide solutions to real-life problems. This method identifies deficiencies and requires a high level of involment from the students. The results obtained through this intervention have helped us to know about the students; stereotypes and prejudices of the gender differences. After analyzing these results and making different reflections we have been able to know where the ideas of our students come from and we have had the opportunity to take the first steps and changes to try to achieve gender equality.

[eu] Gradu Amaierako Lan hau generoen arteko desberdintasuna jorratzea du gai nagusi bezala. Gai hori garatzeko, Lehen Hezkuntzan Ikaskuntza-zerbitzu bat eraman da aurrera zeinetan 2. mailako 34 ikasleek saio batzuetan parte hartu duten, esku-hartzearen helburua hurrengoa izanik: ikasleek ohartzea genero desberdintasuna oraindik badaudea eta estereotipoek horretan eragin handia dutela, genero estereotipoek zehazki. Proposatutako zerbitzua aurrera eramateko ikaskuntza-zerbitzua metodoa erabili dugu, errealitatean ematen diren arazoak konpontzen saiatzen den metodologia. Metodo hau aukeratzearen arrazoi nagusia ikasleen inplikazio altua eskatzen duela eta gabeziak identifikatzen dituela da, dena den, aurerago zehaztasun gehiagoz azalduko da zertan datzan metodo hau. Esku-hartzearekin lortutako emaitzak baliagarriak izan zaizkigu generoari buruz ikasleen aurreiritziak zeintzuk diren jakiteko eta hori abiapuntu izanik, zer nolako estereotipoak barneratu dituzten jakiteko. Hauek aztertu eta hausnarketa desberdinak egin ostean, ikasleen erantzunak nondik datozen jakin ahal izan dugu eta aldaketa bat egiteko eta generoen arteko berdintasunera iristeko lehenengo hastapenak emateko aukera izan dugu.
[en] Local commerce has been impacted by various external factors over the last decades. From the changeover to the euro in the early 2000s, to the great economic recession in 2008, to a global pandemic in the last two years. During this period, society has continually evolved, changing tastes and preferences, which has been a major challenge for small businesses. In this way, local trade has been studied by economists and institutions in order to push it towards new trends. The presence on the Internet is increasing, which is why the digital transformation is becoming so important. New technologies provide a wide range of opportunities for commerce, but they must be used correctly, otherwise they will be incurring on a cost. In this context, data and data-driven management is one of the main pillars by which local councils, associations and businesses are being guided. The research has been carried out in several stages. Firstly, a contextualization of urban commerce and open shopping centers was carried out. In addition to explaining the many concepts related to the subject, a presentation of the city under study was made. Finally, a qualitative research was carried out in collaboration with the marketing consulting company Neuromobile and Asociación de Comerciantes de Villena. Thanks to the cession of the data collected through a survey carried out by them, it has been possible to accomplish an analysis of the same, obtaining several conclusions that will be presented at the end of the study.

[eu] Lekuko merkataritzari hainbat kanpo-faktorek eragin diote urteotan. 200ko hamarkadaren hasieran eurora aldatu zenetik, 2008ko atzeraldi ekonomiko handitik, azken bi urteotako mundu mailako pandemiaraino. Aldi horretan, gizarteak etengabe eboluzionatu du, bere gustuak eta lehentasunak aldatuz, eta hori erronka handia izan da saltoki txikientzat. Horrela, ekonomialariek eta erakundeek tokiko merkataritza aztertu dute joera berrietara bultzatzeko helburuarekin. Interneteko presentzia gero eta handiagoa da, eta, beraz, eraldaketa digitala garrantzi handia hartzen ari da. Teknologia berriek aukera ugari ematen dizkiote merkataritzari, baina behar bezala erabili behar dira, horrela ez balitz, kostua izango litzateke. Testuinguru horretan, udalak, elkarteak eta dendak datua erabiliz eta kudeatuz gidatu behar dira. Ikerketa hainbat etapatan banatu da. Lehenik eta behin, hiri-merkataritza eta merkataritza-gune irekiak testuinguruan kokatuko dira. Gaiarekin lotutako kontzeptu ugariak azaltzeaz gain, aztergai den herriaren aurkezpena egin da. Azkenik, ikerketa kualitatibo bat egin da Neuromobile, marketin-aholkularitzako enpresarekin eta Asociación de Comerciantes de Villena-rekin lankidetzan. Haiek egindako inkesta baten bidez jasotako datuen lagapenari esker, datuen azterketa egin ahal izan da, eta tesiaren amaieran aurkeztuko diren hainbat ondorio atera dira.
[en] In this dissertation we have tried to take a first approach to the concept of plagiarism from a triple perspective. Firstly, a review has been carried out from a legal point of view in order to try to approach the fundamental elements of this concept and the gaps that exist around it. In the second part, a more technical approach has been taken in which the field of forensic linguistics has been used solely for information purposes in order to establish the minimum criteria for determining whether a case falls into this category or not in the case of linguistic plagiarism. Finally, case law has been used to make a selection of judgments in order to delve into some of the extreme difficulties that may arise, both from a legal and technical point of view, when determining whether or not plagiarism has taken place in a given case.

[eu] Gral honetan plagioaren kontzeptuari ikuspegi hirukoitz batetik heltzeko ahalegina egin da. Lehenik eta behin, plagioaren berrikusketa juridikoa egin da, figura horren funtsezko elementuak eta inguruan dauden hutsuneak zein diren identifikatzen saiatzeko. Bigarren zatian, hurbilketa teknikoagoa egin da, eta auzitegi-hizkuntzalaren eremura jo da, hizkuntza-plagioa gertatuz gero, kasu bat kategoria horren barruan sartzen den ala ez zehazteko diziplina honek proposatzen dituen gutxieneko irizpideak argitzeko. Azkenik, jurisprudentziara jo da epai jakingarren hautaketa bat egiteko, kasu jain batean plagiorik izan den ala ez erabakitzeko orduan sor daitezkeen muturreko zailtasun batzuetan sakontzearren, bai ikuspegi juridikotik, bai ikuspegi teknikotik.
[en] The main objective of this research work has been to analyse the one and two years old children relations. To do it, it have been observed children of this age at the free game. The observation has been realized in Alonsotegi's Haurreskola, where they follow Pikler-Lóczy model. In the conceptual field they have been explained the opinions of different authors about socialization foundations. In addition, as the research work has been carried out during the free game, it has been emphasized on the importance of the game in the social relations, explaining the necessary requirements to enrich the game. At the end of this field, keeping in mind that the conflicts are a fundamental part of the socialization, it has been analysed how it should be the participation of the educator in situations of conflict. After getting and working the information obtained in the observations during ten days, it has concluded that in this interval of age, because of the scant quantity of conflicts observed, the social relations generate more pleasure that displeasure to the children.

[eu] 1-2 urteko haurren arteko harremanak aztertzea izan da ikerketa lan honen helburu nagusia, horretarako, adin tarte horretako haurren behaketa egin da jolas librean. Behaketa Alonsotegiko Haurreskolan egin da, non Pikler-Lóczy eredua abiapuntutzat hartzen den. Esparru kontzeptualean, autore ezberdinek sozializazioaren hastapenaren inguruan dituzten iritziak azaldu dira. Gainera, behaketa lana jolas librean burutu denez, jolasak harremanetan duen garrantzia azpimarratu da, jolasa aberasteko halabeharrezkoak diren baldintzak azalduz. Esparru horren azken atalean, gatazkak sozializazioaren alde garrantzitsua direla kontuan hartuz, gatazka egoeretan hezitzaileen esku-hartzea nolakoa izan behar luken aztertu da. Hamar egunetan zehar egindako behaketetatik datuak lortu eta landuz gero, ondorio nagusi bat atera da: adin tarte horretan harreman sozialek plazer gehiago sortarazten dietela haurrei ondoeza baino, ikusitako gatazka kopuru urriagatik batez ere.
[en] The Palestinian people have been victims of the Israeli military offensive for the past 75 years, but since October 2023 this ethnic cleansing has now evolved into a widespread genocide. This paper will try to demonstrate that what the Israeli soldiers are doing in the Gaza Strip is nothing but a textbook example of genocide. First, it will shortly address the historical background of the two most important courts internationally, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and the International Criminal Court (ICC). After that, the procedural analysis of both judiciary bodies will give insight into how each of them functions, and more importantly, which barriers and obstacles Palestine faces before them. Finally, the last sections of the paper will support the position that there is a genocide taking place in Gaza, concluding with critical reflexions about the current scene and the role of the international community.

[eu] Palestinako herria Israelen ofentsiba militarraren biktima izan da azken 75 urteetan, baina garbiketa etniko hau genozidio bilakatu da 2023ko urriaz geroztik. Lan honen helburua soldadu israeldarrak Gazako Zerrendan burutzen ari direna genozidioaren adibide argi bat dela frogatzea da. Lehenik eta behin, nazioarteko bi auzitegi garrantzitsuenen aurrekari historikoak aztertuko dira labur: Nazioarteko Justizia Auzitegia eta Nazioarteko Zigor Auzitegia. Ondoren, bi organo judizialen azterketa prozesalak horietako bakoitzak nola funtzionatzen duen ulertzea ahalbidetuko du eta, are garrantzitsuagoa dena, Palestinak hauen aurrean zein oztopo eta oztopori aurre egin behar dien. Azkenik, amaierako atalek Gazan genozidioa gertatzen ari dela babesteko beharrezkoa den ebidentzia aurkezten dute, nazioarteko komunitatearen zereginaren eta egungo egoeraren hausnarketa kritikoekin amaituz.
[en] The main objectives of this study are (1) to design a teaching unit that promotes relationships among peers; (2) to carry out the designed teaching unit; (3) and to describe the relationship among pupils after the workshop. To begin with, 20 pupils in a 5th grade class participated (9 boys and 11 girls). Participants are from a Primary school in Urruña, located in the province of Lapurdi. In regards to the results, (1) the teaching unit Harremanak sendotzen: elkar ezagutu, sentitu eta entzun [Strengthening relationships: to know, feel and listen to each other] was designed; (2) conflicting interactions were found among children, as well as difficulties in time management during the workshop; finally, (3) it was obvious the relationship dynamics among the group stayed the same. In this work, results are discussed and evaluated with suggestions for future improvement.

[eu] Ikerketa honek hiru helburu nagusi ditu: (1) berdinen arteko harremanetan oinarrituriko unitate didaktiko bat diseinatzea; (2) diseinaturiko unitate didaktikoa aurrera eramatea; (3) eta tailerraren ostean ikasleen arteko harremanak deskribatzea. Lana aurrera eramateko, 5. mailako 20 ikaslek parte hartu dute (9 mutil eta 11 neska). Parte hartzaileak, Lapurdi probintzian kokatzen den Urruña herriko ikastolakoak dira. Emaitzei dagokienez, (1) Harremanak sendotzen: elkar ezagutu, sentitu eta entzun unitate didaktikoa diseinatu da; (2) hortik, denboralizazioan eta haurren arteko elkarrekintza gatazkatsuak eman direla ikusi da; eta bukatzeko, (3) argi geratu da beraien arteko harreman dinamikak zeintzuk diren. Lan honetan ere emaitza horiek baloratu dira eta etorkizunerako hobekuntza proposamenak egin dira.
[en] This paper focuses on the Neolithic of the NE of the Iberian Peninsula. From the analysis of the grave goods of individual tombs, we try to document the type of relation that existed between members of the same community, and more specifically between men and women. Detailed observation of the material from these contexts shows us its unequal distribution, not only in terms of sex and age of individuals. This probably could be explained by social and economic reasons, the complexity of which still escapes us today. Chasing an explanatory approach to this complexity, we consider an extended research including data from multiple and collective graves and anthropological studies that could help us to answer still outstanding questions like if the difference of funerary material between men and women actually reveals a sexual division of labor? Does this sexual division of labor imply exploitation and unequal relationship?

[eu] Lan hau Iberiar Penintsularen ipar-ekialdeko Neolitoari buruzkoa da. Banakako hilobien hatuen azterketatik abiatuz, komunitateko kide desberdinen arteko harremanei buruz informazioa biltzen saiatu gara, gizonen eta emakumeen arteko harremanei buruz bereziki. Kontestu hauetatik datozen materialen analisi zehatzak banaketa desberdina jartzen du agerian. Ziur aski hau, gaur egun konplexutasun ulertezinekoak diren arrazoi sozial eta ekonomikoen bidez azaldu daiteke. Gure ustez, posiblea izango litzateke konplexutasun honi azalpen bat bilatzea hilobiratze anitzen eta kolektiboen eta analisi antropologikoen datuak sartuz eta, modu honetan, oraindik zintzilik dauden hainbat galderei erantzutea, adibidez: Gizonen eta emakumeen hileta materialen arteko desberdintasunak kontestu hauetan lanaren banaketa sexualaren isla da? Lanaren banaketa sexual honek esplotazio eta harreman desberdinak esan nahiko luke?
[en] Due to the way in which society itself functions and structures, through the course of history people with disabilities have been sidelined to a status of exclusion where their rights and freedoms have been limited. This cojuncture can be well appreciated in the labor sphere checking out the Iow rates of engagement people with disabilities have in the labor market. However, many steps have been taken trying to combat this inequality by means of law and public action since supranational organisations and states themselves became aware of it. Using many different economic aids to promote the hiring of people with disabilities stands out in the private sector of the labor sphere among the wicle variety of measures applied trying to fight the aforementioned inequality. Although it is worth studying the justification and the effectiveness these measures have had up until now to elucidate if the approach has been accurate.

[eu] Historian zehar, gizartea antolatu eta funtzionatzen duen modua dela eta, desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonak aldebateratuta egon dira eta beren eskubide eta askatasunak murriztu izan dira. Lan eremuan desgaitasunak dituzten pertsonen parte-hartze eta enplegu-tasei begiratuz abagune hau hauteman daiteke. Hala ere, nazioz gaindiko erakundeak eta nazioak berak ohartu zirenetik, gizartea egoeraz jabetzen joan da. Horrenbestez, pixkanaka eta etengabe neurriak hartuz, desberdintasun egoera honi aurre egiten saiatu da gizarte-ekintza eta esparru harauemaileetatika Erabilitako neurrien artean hainbat pizgarri-ekonomikoren erabilpena azpimarratu daiteke. Hauen bitartez desgaitasun egoeran dauden pertsonen kontratazioa langintza pribatuan sustatzen saiatu da. Alabaina, pena merezi du pizgarri hauen eraginkortasunaz eta justifikazioaz hausnartzea. Hauen ikuspegia egokia izan den ala ez argitzen saiatzeko.
[en] In this work it is proposed and analyzed a parallel reconfigurable manipulator (PRM) which presents some advantages for certain op erations, such as 3D print or CNC machine tool. A PRM is a specific kind of robot, which presents some key advantajes, such as rigidity for being parallel and flexibility to the work environment for being reconfigurable. The analysis of the manipulator is done with a kinematic software called GIM, in which there can be sequenced movements and obtain kinematic data of interest. The main objective of the work is to show the mobility and reconfiguration capacity of the proposed manipulator. This way, the most important characteristics of the PRM will be well defined.

[eu] Lan honetan mekanizatu operazioak eta 3D imprimagailu egiteko erabili ahal den manipuladore paralelo birkonfiguragarri (MPB) bat proposatzen eta aztertzen da. MPB abantail batzuk dituen robot mota bat da. Adibidez, zurruntasuna paralelo izateagatik edo ingurumen batera egokitzeko gaitasun gehiago birkonfiguragarri izateagatik. Manipuladorearen analisia GIM software zinematikoan egiten da. Software honetan mugimenduak sekuentziatu ahal dira eta datu zinematiko interesgarri lortu. Lanaren helburu nagusia MPBaren mugikortasun eta birkonfiguratzeko ahalmena frogatzea da. Modu honetan argi geratzen dira manipuladorearen ezaugarri garrantzitsuenak.
[en] The aim of this project is to design a flexible arm that will be used for tracking a process of cervical rehabilitation. The project stems from several needs, the realization of projects EOG in the medical field, the study of the benefits of ABS material and the need for a system that allows knowing the status of the cervical spine. This requires designing a prototype of an arm capable of performing some measurements accurately.

[eu] Proiektu honen helburua errehabilitazio zerbikal baten prozesuaren jarraipenean erabiltzeko beso malgu bat diseinatzea da. Proiektu hurrengo beharren ondorioz sortzen da: gradu bukaerako proiektuen egitea medikuntza arloan, ABS materialaren prestazioen ikerketa eta zerbikalaren egoera ezagutzeko aukera ematen duen sistemaren beharra. Horretarako beso baten eredua diseinatuko da neurketa zehatz egiteko gai izango dena.