BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] This study aims to analyze the pre-constituted evidence and its basis departing from the vulnerable situation of the minor victim and the obligation of protecting her or him. The characteristics and singularities of this kind of evidence will be studied identifying the conditions and guarantees that it must respect to achieve the evidentiary value inside the process, mentioning the laws and legal precedents that regule it. The conflict of interests that the pre-constituted evidence causes on the criminal proceedings will be analyzed in more detail, examining the interests of the victim and the accused. The objective of this study is to seek the reasons of the support that the pre-constituted evidence has in the law, although it questions the legal certainty of the legal code.

[eu] Lan honek aldez aurretik eratutako froga eta bere oinarria aztertzea du helburu nagusi. Biktima den adingabearen egoera zaurgarria eta bera babesteko obligazioa hartuko da abiapuntutzat oinarri hori ikertzerako orduan. Froga mota honen ezaugarri eta berezitasunak landuko dira prozesuan froga-balioa eskuratzeko bete beharreko baldintzak eta errespetatu beharreko bermeak identifikatuz, bera arautzen duten lege eta jurisprudentziari erreferentzia eginez. Froga mota honek prozesu penalean eragiten duen interesen gatazkan sakonduko da, biktima nahiz akusatuaren interesei erreparatuz. Azterketa honen xedea aldez aurretik eratutako frogak zuzenbidean duen euskarriaren arrazoiak bilatzea izango da, ordenamenduaren segurtasun juridikoa kolokan jartzen duen arren.
[en] Through this document, we will try to gather and expose all the information and documentation we have developed to fulfill the project we are accomplishing correctly. The aim of it consists in designing and analysing a reflectarray that operates in the L band, but adaptable in order to make it compatible with other existing bands. Its main objective is to transmit a signal, optimizing its performance and cost. In this document we will expound aspects like: theoretical analysis of operation, the results of the simulations, tasks planification, etcetera. To sum up, it will be possible to find here everything to make this project successful, achieving all the objectives we have stipulated previously.

[eu] Idazki honen bidez bildu egingo dugu burutzen ari garen proiektuari buruzko orain arteko informazio eta dokumentazio guztia. Proiektuaren helburua L bandan operatzen duen reflektoarray baten diseinuan eta analisian datza. Reflektoarray honek seinale bat igortzeko balioko du, errendimendua eta kostua optimizatuz. Horretarako, dokumentu honetan proiektua buruzeko landu ditugun analisi teorikoak, simulazioen emaitzak, zereginen planifikazioa eta abar biltzen dira, hau da, proiektua arrakastatsu izateko landu behar izan diren aspektu guztiak, aurretik ezarritako jomuga guztiak burutzeko.
[en] The aim of this article is to explore the potentiality of Social Multi-criteria Evaluation as approach to assess Natural Protected Areas (NPAs). Jointly, opening the discussion about incorporating this methodological approach for the governance of Natura 2000 sites within the Basque Country is pursued. Derived from the case study is concluded that including local community in participative processes aimed to plan and manage NPAs would reduce both number and significance of potential conflicts. It would also contribute to an effective governance of NPAs, which is an unavoidable challenge in order to achieve protected areas' objectives and functions.

[eu] Gizarte Ebaluazio Irizpideaniztunak naturagune babestuak ebaluatzeko ikuspuntu metodologiko gisa duen potentzialtasuna aztertzea da artikulu honen helburua, eta orobat metodologia hori Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko Natura 2000 Sarearen gobernantzarako erabiltzearen egokitasunari buruz eztabaida-prozesu bat abiaraztea. Aztertutako kasutik ondorioztatzen da tokian tokiko herritarrak naturagune babestuak planifikatzeko eta gobernatzeko prozesu partehartzaile batean sartzeak balizko gatazken kopurua eta munta gutxitzen lagunduko lukeela. Era berean, naturagune babestuen gobernantza erraztuko luke, eta hori saihestu ezineko erronka da, gune babestuek beren helburuak eta egitekoak bete ditzaten.
[en] The design and fabrication proposal of the caliper mounting of the front fork of the two prototypes that the MotoStudent team of the Engineering school of Bilbao, Bizkaia ESIBilbao, will be taking to the VI Edition of the MotoStudent Competition is presented in this document. Due to the role caliper mounting plays in the lower front train, it will be worked on alongside the rest of the components of this train. It will be described the design process from its initial phases until the final prototype. With that purpose, the diverse criteria upon which the design is based will be presented, accompanied by a detailed explanation of the analysis carried out in order to optimize the model. The result of those tests will also be shown. Once the definitive model is designed, its fabrication will be designed in order to, afterwards, manufacture it in the team's workshop in the Engineering School of Bilbao.

[eu] Lan honetan Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako MotoStudent taldeak, Bizkaia ESIBilbao-k, MotoStudent Lehiaketa VI Edizioan erabiliko dituen bi prototipoentzako puntakoaren diseinua eta fabrikazioa azalduko da. Puntakoak aurreko behe trenean daukan eragina dela eta, treneko horretako beste osagaiekin batera landuko da. Diseinu prozesua azalduko da hasierako fasetik amaierako prototipoa lortu arte. Horretarako, diseinuko irizpideak aurkeztuko dira, optimizatzeko egindako analisien xehetasunezko azalpena egingo da eta hauetan lortutako emaitzak erakutsiko dira. Behin amaierako modeloa diseinatuta, beronen fabrikazio prozesua diseinatuko da, ondoren taldearen Bilboko Ingeniaritza Eskolako tailerrean fabrikatzeko.
[en] This article is integrated into the Historiography of Archaeology. From this perspective and through examination of protectionist legal regulations of the nineteenth and twentieth we study the Provincial Monuments Commissions as institutionalized organizations for Archaelogical Heritage Management and their influence on the development and consolidation of Archaeology as a scientific discipline in Spain.

[eu] Artikulu hau Arkeologiaren historiografiaren korrontean kokatzen da. Prisma honetatik, XIX. eta XX. mendeetako araudi juridiko protekzionisten azterketa xehearen bitartez Monumentu-Batzordeak ikertzen ditugu. Hauek, bai Ondare Arkeologikoaren kudeaketarako eta bai Arkeologia Espainian diziplina zientifiko bezala finkatu zuten instituzionalizatutako erakundetzat ikertzen dira.
[en] Regarding the results of a research about street children in Mexico city, since 1989 until de present date, the causes for the surge of this community are pointed out, together with the work aspects, the most serious problems which they have to face with and the started actions towards their rescue and social reinsertion.

[eu] 1989garren urtetik gaur eguneraino Mexiko D .F. hiriburuan egindako kaleko umeei buruzko ikerketa baten emaitzetan oinarrituz, komunitate honen berpizketaren zergatiak, adingabekoen lanezko faktoreak, hauek dauzkaten arazorik larrienak, eta ume hauen birgizarteratzeko burututako ekintzak nabarmendu egiten dira.
[en] In this project, flexible fingers are going to be designed and manufactured with the purpose of developing a claw (the fingers together with the FESTO pneumatic actuator) to be able to take objects of different geometries without changing fingers, something that with commercial claws is more difficult to get. For this, a study of the state of the art will be made to analyze what kind of claws are found in the industry. Different alternatives will be studied in terms of conceptual designs, possible materials and manufacturing processes. After this exhaustive study, a simple designed will be chosen that will consist of a pair inclined walls joined with transverse ribs and an anchoring area to accommodate the fastening screws to the pneumatic actuator. Both for the testing of the different conceptual designs tested and for the realization of the final design of the fingers, 3D printing with nylon material has been used to give flexibility needed. Once the definitive design is decided, finite element studies with different applied loads will be carried out in order to be able to compare with experimental tests. The maximum permissible load will also be calculated to establish an adequate safety coefficient. Afterwards, three equal fingers will be printed, they will be assembled on the pneumatic actuator and they will be tested to several clamping tests of different objects.

[eu] Proiektu honetan hatz malguak diseinatu eta fabrikatuko dira, atzapar bat (behatzak FESTO eragingailu pneumatikoarekin batera) garatzeko helburuarekin, geometria desberdineko objektuak hartu ahal izateko behatzak kendu gabe. Azken hau merkataritzako atzaparrekin lortzea zaila da. Honetarako, artearen egoera aztertuko da industrian ze atzapar mota dauden aztertzeko, eta diseinu kontzeptual, material posible eta fabrikazio prozesu aldetik alternatiba desberdinak ikasiko dira. Azterketa zehatz honen ostean, diseinu sinple bat aukeratuko da zeina zeharkako zainez elkartutako bi horma okerrez osatuta egongo da eta ainguraketa gune bat eragingailu pneumatikoaren torlojuak kokatzeko. Frogatutako diseinu kontzeptual ezberdinen frogetarako eta hatzaren behin betiko diseinua burutzeko, 3D inprimaketa erabili da nylon materialarekin nahi den malgutasuna lortzen delako. Behin betiko diseinua zehaztu ondoren aplikaturiko karga ezberdinetako elementu finituko azterketak egingo dira beranduago froga esperimentalekin alderatu ahal izateko. Horretaz aparte, segurtasun koefiziente egoki bat lortzeko atzamarrak jasan dezakeen karga maximoa kalkulatuko da. Ondoren hiru atzamar berdin inprimatuko dira, eragingailu pneumatikoan muntatuko dira eta objektu ezberdinetako euste frogetara ezarriko dira. Benetako proba horien emaitzak elementu finituen analisian lortutakoekin alderatuko dira.
[en] Terrorism produces serious politic, economic and social problems, not only for the Estate but for victims, relatives and the whole community too. Now it is present through new techniques and strategies, boosted by globalization. Starting from the definition of terrorism, and analysing briefly the typology of terrorists, different forms of victimization and their impact as well as strategies and victimological responses are studied, and different models to face these phenomena are examined.

[eu] Terrorismoaren fenomenoak arazo politiko, ekonomiko eta sozialak sortarazten ditu, ez bakarrik Estatuari baizik eta kaltetuei, beraien senideei eta komunitate osoari ere. Globalizazioak indartuta, egun teknika eta estrategia berriekin agertzen zaigu. Terrorismoaren definizioa kontutan hartuta, eta terrorista desberdinen tipologia aztertu eta gero, biktimazio forma desberdinak hausnartzen dira, bere eragina, estrategia eta erantzun biktimologikoak, eta era berean fenomeno honi aurre egiteko laguntza eredu desberdinak aztertzen dira.
[en] This End of Grade Work consists on studying the necessary breakout torque in slewing bearings for wind power generation applications. In order to increase the rigidity and accuracy, this type of bearings are usually used with bigger balls than the raceway, that is to say, they are usually preloaded. This preloading can cause big breakout forces, so it is important to calculate this friction torque before, in order to optimize the mechanical elements and the bearings. In order to calculate this forced an empirical formula will be developed. This formula will be based on one hand, on calculations of FEM programmes and on the other, in the results obtained in experimental testing made with a true bearing. Given all results will proceed to obtain a single empirical formula.

[eu] Gradu Amairako Lan honetan aplikazio eolikoentzako errodamenduen abiatze momentuaren analisia egingo da. Izan ere, errodamenduetan zurruntasuna eta doitasuna lortzeko helburuarekin pistak uzten duten lekua baino handiagoak diren bolak erabiltzen dira, hau da, prekargatu egiten dira. Prekarga horrek abiatze momentu handiak eragiten ditu. Ondorioz, garrantzitsua da aurretik diseinatzen den prekarga horrek eragingo duen marruskadura momentua jakitea, sistema mekanikoaren eta errodamenduaren optimizazio lortzeko. Abiatze momentuaren kalkulurako formula enpiriko bat garatuko da. Formula hau lortzeko, alde batetik, FEM programa baten bidezko kalkuluen emaitzak hartuko dira kontutan eta bestetik, benetako errodamendu batean egingo diren entsegu esperimentalen emaitzak. Entseguak egiteko enpresa batera joango da, eta bertan enpresak eskainitako errodamendu batean behar izango diren entseguak egingo dira. Bi irizpideetako emaitzak kontutan harturik formula enpiriko bakar bat lortuko da.
[en] The most important juvenile delinquency predicting factors are here studied attempting also to delimit them, specially those connected with recividist adult delinquency. There are precise and constant psychosocilogical causes but the interaction between them remains unkown. Primary prevention strategies must have some, defined objectives, being those strategies stablished from juvenile dilinquency predicting factors.

[eu] Gazte-delinkuentzia aurresateko faktore garrantzizkoenak aztertu eta bereizten ahalegindu zen, helduen berrerortze-delinkuentziari atxekiturik datozenak batik bat. Badaude ere aldaera psikosoziologikoak nahiko zehatzak eta iraunkorrak direnak, baina ez dakigu nola eragiten dioten elkarri. Lehen mailako prebentziorako estrategiak xede mugatuak izan behar ditu aurresatekoetan aurresatekoetan oinarriturik.
[en] The Power Electrical System is not free of faults. There are many types and the system operator must know how to deal with all of them to ensure a correct electric supply. The problem shown is related to distribution networks with isolated neutral, in particular with the so-called "inverse fault". The objective is to protect the system from the low voltage side against this type of fault. To do so computer simulations will be carried out and the results will be analyzed in order to provide a solution to the problem.

[eu] Potentzia Sistema Elektrikoetan ematen diren faltak anitzak dira. Mota askotakoak eta ondorio desberdinak eragiten dituztenak egon litezke, sistema operatzailearen esku egonik haien konponbidea bilatzea eta hornikuntza egokia ziurtatzea. Memoria honetan aurkezturiko problematika, neutro isolatuko banaketa sareen ingurukoa da, "alderantzizko falta" deritzenen ingurukoa, hain zuzen ere. Helburua, falta honen aurrean sistema tentsio baxuko aldetik babestea da, horretarako simulazioak erabilirik. Arazoari soluzio bat eman ahal izateko simulaziotik lorturiko emaitzak aztertuko dira.
[en] The main issue of this End-of-Degree Essay is to analyse the importance of immigrant families´ participation in school, in order to tackle the cultural diversity we find these days in our classrooms in an inclusive way. To that end, a qualitative research has been carried out in a school located in Bakio, focusing the research on pre-school education. Sources like analysis of school documentation, interviews with the educational community and participatory observation have been used to gather information and draw conclusions about the participation of immigrant families in such school. Once the results obtained have been compared with the theoretical framework, a proposal for improvement has been presented based on the conclusions achieved.

[eu] Gaur egun gure geletan bizitzen ari garen aniztasun kulturalari modu inklusibo batean aurre egiteko asmoz, eskolan familia etorkinen parte hartzearen garrantzia aztertzea da Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua. Horretarako, Bakioko eskola batean ikerketa kualitatibo bat aurrera eraman da, bai eskolako dokumentuen azterketaren bitartez, hezkuntza komunitateari egindako elkarrizketa zuzenen bitartez zein behaketa partehartzailearen bidez lortutako datuen analisiarekin, bertako guraso etorkinek eskolan duten partehartzea ezagutzeko. Ikerketa, Haur Hezkuntzako etapara mugatu da. Lortutako emaitzak marko teorikoarekin alderatu ostean, ateratako ondorioak oinarritzat hartuz, hobetzeko proposamen bat aurkeztu da.
[en] Ingles: In the last decades, the increase in environmental awareness has highlighted the need for cleaner energies. This ongoing energy transition seeks to drastically reduce emissions of pollutants. In the automotive sector, this involves a higher implementation of electric vehicles. In the coming decades we will experience an exponential growth in the production and commercialization of 'clean' vehicles. The electric vehicle works with a traction electric machine that requires knowing the angular position of the rotor in a precise way, in order to be able to carry out an accurate and efficient control of the system. The resolver is the most used measuring device to fulfil this function. The resolver is a robust sensor for rotary feedback that is commonly used in harsh environment situations where safety is critical and in applications where precision and high resolution over position and/or speed is needed. To increase the reliability and effectiveness of this type of systems, it is necessary to have a fault detection scheme that monitors the correct operation of the resolver and thus guarantees the safety of the components of the electric vehicle and its passengers. This Project has been focused on the design, modelling and simulation of the resolvers fault detection algorithm. For this purpose, the Matlab / Simulink software has been used and once the functionality has been validated, the algorithm has been implemented and validated using the XilinX System Generator for its future application in a high-speed digital device, such as an FPGA.

[eu] Euskera: Azken hamarkadetako ingurune kontzientziaren hazkundeak energia garbiagoak sustatzeko beharra agerian utzi du. Abian jarri den trantsizio energetikoak kutsadura eragileen isurketak murriztea du helburu nagusia. Horrexegatik autogintzan kotxe elektrikoak gero eta gehiago garatu eta ekoizten ari dira. Ibilgailu elektrikoak trakzio motor bat darabil eta honek errotorearen angelu kokapena zehazki ezagutzea eskatzen du uneoro, sistemaren kontrola egoki eta eragingarri izan dadin. Helburu hori betetzeko resolver-a da neurgailurik erabiliena. Segurtasun une kritikoetan erabili ohi den kokapen sentsore sendoa da resolver-a. Motorreko torkearen kontrola zehatza eskatzen duten aplikazioetan, kokapenaz eta abiaduraz, erresoluzio handiko informazioa ematen du. Dispositibo hauen fidagarritasuna eta eraginkortasuna handitzeko, akatsak igertzeko detektorea jartzen da, ibilgailu elektrikoaren segurtasuna bermatzeko. Akatsak igertzeko algoritmoaren eredua finkatu eta simulatu da gure proiektuaren muina. Horretarako Matlab/Simulink sofwarea erabili dugu. Behin eraginkortasuna egiaztatu ondoren. XilinX System Generator-ren bitartez algoritmoa balidatu eta abian jarri dugu. Geroan abiadura handiko dispositibo digital batean jartzeko, FPGA batean kasu.
[en] SUMMARY This End of Degree Project consists of desgning the sheet of machining processes of a speed reducer shaft. Firstly, the material of the shaft, the machine in which it will be operated and the necessary tools for the process have been selected. Afterwards, the cutting parameters have been obtained both by the on-line catalog and by the physical catalog for all the operations and the results have been compared. Finally, this information has been included in the process sheet.

[eu] LABURPENA Gradu Amaierako Lan honen helburua abiadura erreduktore baten ardatzaren prozesu orria diseinatzea da. Horretarako, ardatzarentzat erabiliko den materiala, prozesua aurrera eramango duen makina eta erreminta egokiak aukeratu dira. Ondoren, prozesuen ebaketa parametroak lortu dira bai on-line katalogoarekin eta baita katalogo fisikoarekin ere eta emaitzak konparatu egin dira. Azkenik prozesu orrian informazio hau irudikatu da.
[en] Currently, one in five children is sexually abused. Based on this reality, the work presented below analyses the nature of the problem, pointing out the lack of training towards sexual abuse in childhood in the educational field. Consequently, it is observed that the lack of teacher training increases erroneous beliefs or prejudices on the subject. In this sense, the research work on teacher training and false convictions is initiated based on a questionnaire generated by 31 different items. In total, a sample of 156 teachers has been collected. The results of the questionnaire focus on the lack of training on sexual abuse, through the appearance of various erroneous convictions or prejudices. Finally, it is concluded that despite being a serious problem, lack of awareness prevails. The practical implications of this in the educational field are discussed.

[eu] Gaur egun bost haurretatik batek sexu-abusuak pairatzen ditu. Errealitate hori oinarri izanik, arazoaren nondik norakoak aztertzen ditu jarraian aurkezten den lanak, adieraziz haurren aurkako sexu-abusuen gaiarekiko formakuntza eza dagoela hezkuntza arloan. Ondorioz, aurre ikusten da irakasleriaren formakuntza eza horrek gaiarekiko uste oker edota aurre-iritziak areagotzen dituela. Hori horrela, irakasleriak duen formakuntza eta uste okerren inguruko ikerketa lana abiatzen da, 31 item ezberdinez sortutako galdetegi bat abiapuntu izanik. Denetara, 156 irakaslek osaturiko lagina bildu da. Galdetegiaren emaitzetan sexu-abusuari buruzko formakuntza eza nagusitzen da, horri loturik agertuz askotariko uste oker edota aurre iritzi. Azkenik, ondorioztatzen da arazo larri baten parean egonik ere, kontzientziazio falta gailentzen dela. Guzti honek hezkuntza arloan dituen inplikazio praktikoak eztabaidatzen dira.
[en] Using a new computer and the Linux operating system, we have updated the Aula EspaZio Gela observatory. In addition, using the KStars astronomical software, we have automated the observatory's control system in order for it can be controlled by a single program. We have configured the software to control each of the instruments that compose the observatory. Afterwards, we have outlined the process that should be carried out after night observations and worked with a series of programs to perform these tasks. These tasks include image processing, astrometry and photometry. To conclude, an explained simulation of the post-observation process has been made with real images.

[eu] Ordenagailu berri baten eta Linux sistema eragilearen bidez, Aula EspaZio Gela behatokia eguneratu dugu, eta gainera, KStars software astronomikoa erabiliz, behatokiko kontrol sistema automatizatu dugu programa bat-bakarraren bidez kontrolatu ahal izateko. Soft- warea konfiguratzen joan gara behatokia osatzen duten tresna guztiak kontrolatu ahal izateko. Hori eta gero, gaueko obserbazioen ondoren burutu beharreko prozesuak pro- posatu ditugu, eta lan horiek burutuko dituzten zenbait programekin lanean aritu gara. Lan horien artean, irudien tratamendua, astrometrizazioa eta fotometria daude, esate- rako. Proiektu honetan obserbazio ondorengo prozesuen simulazio bat egin da benetako irudiekin; bertan, prozesu horiek nola burutu azaltzen dugu.