[en] This thesis dissertation describes the isolation, structural determination and pharmacological activities of a several natural products of marine origin. Chapter I. From Briareum sp. gorgonian 1-10 briaranos were isolated. From the sponge Dysidea sp. The new natural compound dysithiazolamida (11) was isolated. From the polychaete annelid Thelepus crispus was isolated a new compound which was named as thelepamide (13). This compound contains a thiazolidinone ring whose subtituents has no precedent in the chemistry of natural products. Chapter II. The viability of aquaculture growing of Acanthella cavernosa was studied by means of cultured organisms cultured. A previous chemical study of the sponge gave the isolation of seven new compounds (14-20). Furthermore a quantitative study of individual sponges of Acanthella cavernosa was done in the laboratory facility for seven months. The sponges grew increasing biomass, cellular material and tissues. Unfortunately the amounts of kalihinane compounds were not enough to be regarded as a production method. Chapter III. In this chapter we study mixtures of compounds whose structures were determined by NMR studies, MS and HPLC-FTMS, without being isolated as pure compounds. From the sponge Jaspis cf. coricea we have identified seven new alkaloids (compounds 24-30) as inseparable mixtures of saturated fatty acid esters of bengazoles. The chemotaxonomic study of tunicates Aplidium meridianium and Aplidium falklandicum, using HPLC technique coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry, allowed to propose alkaloids with meridianins skeleton that had not been published to date. Cytotoxicity was assessed in all isolated compounds but only compounds 7, 13, 30 and 28 showed some activity against various cell lines.

[gl] Esta tese doctoral describe o illamento, determinación estructural e actividade farmacolóxica dunha serie de produtos naturais procedentes de organismos mariños. Capítulo I. Da gorgonia Briareum sp. illáronse os briaranos 1-10. Os novos compostos naturais nunca antes descritos na bibliografía foron os compostos 1-3. Da esponxa Dysidea sp illáronse un novo composto dysitiazolamida (11). Do anélido poliqueto Thelepus crispus illouse un novo composto que no foi descrito na bibliografía e ao que denominamos thelepamida (13). Capítulo II. Estudouse a viabilidad de que a esponja Acanthella cavernosa crecese mediante acuicultura. Con este fin fíxose un estudo químico previo da esponxa illándose sete compostos que non se describiron anteriormente na bibliografía. A continuación realizóuse un estudo cuantitativo de esponxas individuais de Acanthella cavernosa que foron mantidas no laboratorio durante sete meses. As esponxas creceron aumentando a súa biomasa, o material celular e os seus texidos . A pesar de isto o contenido dos kalihinoles non se veu aumentado para ser considerado coma un método de producción. Capítulo III. Neste capítulo estúdanse mesturas de compostos cuxas estruturas se determinaron sen chegar a ser illados como compostos puros mediante estudos de RMN, MS e de HPLC-FTMS. Da esponxa Jaspis cf. coricea determináronse sete compostos novos como mesturas inseparables de ésteres de ácidos grasos saturados de bengazoles. Co fin de levar a cabo un estudo quimiotaxonómico dos tunicados Aplidium meridianium e Aplidium falklandicum, detectáronse por HPLC adaptado a espectrometría de masas de alta resolución (FTMS) varios compostos cuxas estruturas tentativas propostas asináronse como meridianinas J-S. Asemade detectáronse os dímeros da meridianina A e das meridianinas B ó E. Avaliouse a citotoxicidade de todos os compostos illados pero só os compostos 7, 13, 30 e 28 mostraron certa actividade fronte a diferentes liñas celulares tumorais.