[en] Brittany, a French region located in the north-east of France, has a very rich history. Around the 5th century, Celts brought their culture and language to what was then known as Armorica. Then, Julius Caesar conquered the territory and "Romanized it" for many centuries. Later, in 1532, France and Brittany started an annexation process, which led to almost losing their Celtic roots and their language. Nevertheless, in the 19th century, the Breton nationalist movement was born, and it was named Emsav. This movement had three phases. The fist Emsav (1898-1914) gave great importance to culture, literature and folklore, but it did not have much power among the citizens. The second Emsav (1919-1945) happened between the First and Second World Wars. It was in this moment when the Breton history twisted. The choices some nationalists took left a stain that would last many years: Bretons were given the opportunity to collaborate with German Nazis. Between their hatred of France and the promises the Germans made to achieve greater autonomy for the region, or even independence, some Breton nationalists did not hesitate to collaborate and took the violent path by creating military-like and armed groups. These actions doomed the nationalists for long and gave France the opportunity to use that fact to condemn both the nationalist movement and their language. After the Second World War and in such a hostile environment, started the third Emsav, which lasts up to these days. This phase is known for mass cultural movements. After many rough years, the movement became more leftist and started giving greater importance to their culture and language. They also changed the whole movement and started trying to achieve their goals politically. However, the French State did not cease the oppression of their language and their constant will to change things in their region. And some Breton nationalists started to take up arms, mainly blowing up buildings, infrastructures or statues with symbolic meanings until an unfortunate assassination provoked the decay of the armed groups. Nowadays, the situation and their fights have much changed. Brittany is nowadays asking for a referendum on the reunification of the Loire-Atlantique department, trying to keep their language alive due to its difficult situation where the learning their own regional language is not guaranteed.

[eu] Bretainiak, Frantziako ipar-ekialdean dagoen eskualde frantsesak, historia oso aberatsa du. V. mende inguruan, zeltek garai hartan Armorika zeritzonera eraman zituzten beren kultura eta hizkuntza. Ondoren, Julio Zesarrek lurraldea konkistatu zuen eta mende askotan zehar "erromanizatu" egin zuen. Geroago, 1532an, Frantziak eta Bretainiak anexio prozesu bat hasi zuten, euren sustrai zeltak eta hizkuntza ia galtzea eragin zuena. Hala ere, XIX. mendean mugimendu nazionalista bretoia sortu zen, Emsav izena jaso zuena. Mugimendu honek hiru fase izan zituen. Lehen Emsavak (1898-1914) garrantzi handia eman zion kulturari, literaturari eta folkloreari, baina ez zuen indar handirik izan herritarren artean. Bigarren Emsava (1919-1945) Lehen eta Bigarren Mundu Gerren artean gertatu zen. Une horretan okertu zen Bretainiako historia. Nazionalista batzuek hartutako erabakiek urte asko iraungo zuen orbana utzi zuten: bretoiek alemaniar naziekin elkarlanean aritzeko aukera izan zuten. Frantziarekiko gorrotoaren eta eskualdearentzat autonomia handiagoa edo independentzia lortzeko alemaniarrek egindako promesen artean, bretainiar nazionalista askok ez zuten zalantzarik izan elkarlanean aritzeko eta indarkeriazko bidea hartu zuten talde militar eta armatuak sortuz. Ekintza horiek denbora luzez gaitzetsi zituzten nazionalistak, eta Frantziari aukera eman zioten gertaera horiek mugimendu nazionalista zein bere hizkuntza gaitzesteko erabiltzeko. Bigarren Mundu Gerraren ondoren, eta hura bezalako ingurune zail batean, hirugarren Emsava hasi zen, Gaur egun arte irauten duena. Fase hau ezaguna da masa-mugimendu kulturalengatik. Hainbeste urte zailen ondoren, mugimendua ezkertiarrago bihurtu zen eta bere kultura eta hizkuntzari garrantzi handiagoa ematen hasi zen. Mugimendu osoa ere aldatu zuten, eta beren helburuak politikoki lortzen saiatzen hasi ziren. Hala ere, Frantziako Estatuak etengabe zapaldu zuen bere hizkuntza eta bere lurraldean gauzak aldatzeko etengabeko borondatea. Garai hartan, bretainiar nazionalista batzuk armak hartzen hasi ziren, batez ere esanahi sinbolikoa zuten eraikin, azpiegitura edo estatuei erasoz, zorigaiztoko hilketa batek talde armatuen gainbehera eragin zuen arte. Gaur egun, egoera eta borrokak asko aldatu dira. Bretainiak Loire-Atlantique departamenduaren bateratzeari buruzko erreferendum bat eskatu du, eta bere hizkuntza bizirik mantentzen saiatzen da,egoera zaila den arren eta, bere eskualde-hizkuntzaren ikaskuntza bermatuta ez dagoen arren.