[en] This Final Degree Project (TFG) presents some of the different activities carried out by the Galicia Consumer Laboratory (LCG), as a market surveillance authority, in relation to the verification of a correct labeling of textile products and the study of their composition in textile fibers, in order to comply with the legislative framework established by the European Union (EU) in this field. These controls are carried out following the bases of the methods established in Annex VIII of Regulation (EU) N° 1007/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council, or through the use of harmonized international standards. In this TFG, a brief introduction is made on the subject of textile fibers, considering different aspects such as the following: the definitions of the nominations of textile fibers, general characteristics that they must have, their classification, etc. In addition, the different methods of analysis of textile fibers are covered in a relatively extended way. In the section devoted to qualitative analysis, various methods of identifying textile fibres are considered, giving greater importance to infrared spectroscopy (IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantitative analysis includes some of the textile fiber quantification methods used by the LCG will be reported. Finally, some notes are presented about the analysis of practical cases, which could not be finalized due to Covid - 19. That said, the main objective of the dissertation has been, therefore, the review, the study and learning of different methods of analysis of textile fibers and their applicability in the legislative framework, for the defense of consumers in the control of fraud.

[gl] O presente Traballo de Fin de Grao presenta algunhas das distintas actividades desenvolvidas polo Laboratorio de Consumo Galicia (LCG), como autoridade de vixilancia do mercado, en relación á verificación dun correcto etiquetado dos produtos téxtiles e o estudio da súa composición en fibras téxtiles, co fin de dar cumprimento ao marco lexislativo establecido pola Unión Europea (UE) neste campo. Estes controis efectúanse seguindo as bases dos métodos establecidos no anexo VIII do Regulamento (UE) N° 1007/2011 do Parlamento Europeo e do Consello, ou mediante o uso de normas harmonizadas. Neste traballo, faise unha breve introdución sobre o tema das fibras téxtiles, considerándose diferentes aspectos coma os seguintes: as definicións das denominacións das fibras téxtiles, características xerais que deben ter, a súa clasificación, etc. Ademais abordase, de forma relativamente estendida os distintos métodos de análise das fibras téxtiles. Na parte dedicada ao análise cualitativo, falarase de diversos métodos de identificación de fibras téxtiles, dando maior importancia á espectroscopia infravermella (IR) e á microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM). Na análise cuantitativa, inclúense algúns dos métodos de cuantificación de fibras téxtiles empregadas polo LCG. E para finalizar, preséntanse algunhas notas acerca del análise de casos prácticos que non puideron rematarse debido ao Covid-19. Dito isto, o obxectivo principal deste Traballo de Fin de Grao é a revisión, o estudo e aprendizaxe de distintos métodos de análises de fibras téxtiles e a súa aplicabilidade no marco lexislativo, para a defensa das persoas consumidoras no control do fraude.