[en] The aim of this essay on the spanish radical right is to analyze the route followed by spanish conservatism, from its adherence to an oligarchic liberalism, that was characteristic of the beginning of the xx century, to the formation of an anti-liberal right, that reached its culmination with fascism during the second republic. In this evolution towards anti-democratic, corporative and authoritarian positions, a major roll was played by the influence of French anti- liberal thought, from the neo-traditionalism of the French action, to the fascist movements encouraged by Georges Valois, and continued by some of his disciples in the following years. The relation between that anti-liberal thought of French origin and the evolution of the spanish right-wing towards fascism constitutes the center of this paper. The article is organized in three main parts. In the first one, we will study the origins of European anti-liberal thought, considering two fundamental aspects: 1. the crisis of European conscience at the end of the xix century, which gave place to a set of anti-liberal, nationalist and corporative ideological elements amongst European conservative groups. This was the breeding ground for a radical right thought that culminated with fascisms. 2. The First World War and its consequences, which gave place to a new polarized world around bolshevism and fascism. The anti-liberal, nationalist, anti-democratic and corporative thought spread around Europe and pervaded in different ways the European conservative groups, driving them to increasingly authoritarian and dictatorial positions. This process has been denominated by some historians as the ?fascistization? of the European right-wing. secondly, we will analyze the formation of the spanish radical right from its origins, at the beginning of the xx century, till Primo de rivera?s Dictatorship, stressing the contribution of French anti-liberal thought (from Charles Maurras to George Valois, including Georges sorel) in its doctrinal renovation. Finally, we will study the period from Primo de rivera?s Dictatorship to the second republic, when the process of ?fascistization? of the spanish right- wing concluded. The project of the spanish radical right (based on a monarchic, authoritarian, anti-liberal, national-catholic and corporative government, that sympathised with the italian experience) was premature, since the social and political conditions necessary to its implementation were not present at that moment. in fact, spanish conservatism during the time of de rivera?s Dictatorship, was not concerned about social revolution and the loss of their privileges. it was the arrival of the second republic, with its modernizing reforms, that, breaking the hegemony of the dominant social groups, led the radical right to consider that the only way to bar a social revolution was insurgency against the republic.

[es] El objeto de este ensayo sobre la derecha radical espa?ola es analizar la v?a emprendida por el conservadurismo espa?ol desde su adhesi?n a un liberalismo olig?rquico, caracter?stico de comienzos del siglo XX, a la formaci?n de una derecha antiliberal que culmina en el fascismo durante la segunda rep?blica. En este camino hacia posiciones antidemocr?ticas, corporativas y autoritarias jugar? un papel fundamental la recepci?n del pensamiento antiliberal franc?s desde el neotradicionalismo de acci?n Francesa hasta los movimientos fascistas impulsados por Georges Valois y continuados por alguno de sus disc?pulos en a?os posteriores. La relaci?n entre ese pensamiento antiliberal de ra?z francesa y la evoluci?n fascistizante de la derecha espa?ola ser? el n?cleo central de este trabajo. El art?culo se estructura en tres grandes partes: en la primera estudiamos los or?genes del pensamiento antiliberal europeo a partir de dos aspectos fundamentales: 1. la crisis de la conciencia europea a finales del siglo XIX que se tradujo en la aparici?n de un conjunto de elementos ideol?gicos antiliberales, nacionalistas y corporativos entre los grupos conservadores de Europa, caldo de cultivo de un pensamiento de derecha radical que culminar?a con los fascismos. 2. la Primera Guerra mundial y sus consecuencias que engendraron un mundo nuevo polarizado alrededor del bolchevismo y el fascismo. El pensamiento antiliberal, nacionalista, antidemocr?tico y corporativo se extiende por toda Europa e impregna de diversas maneras a los grupos conservadores europeos empuj?ndoles a posiciones cada vez m?s autoritarias y dictatoriales, proceso que algunos historiadores han denominado la ?fascistizaci?n? de la derecha europea. En segundo lugar, analizamos la formaci?n de la derecha radical espa?ola desde sus inicios a comienzos del siglo xx hasta la dictadura de miguel Primo de rivera haciendo hincapi? en la contribuci?n del pensamiento antiliberal franc?s (de Charles Maurras a George Valois pasando por George sorel) en la renovaci?n doctrinal de la derecha espa?ola. En tercer lugar, estudiamos el periodo que va desde la dictadura de miguel Primo de rivera a la segunda rep?blica cuando concluye el proceso de ?fascistizaci?n? de la derecha espa?ola y la emergencia del fascismo en nuestro pa?s. El proyecto de la derecha radical espa?ola, basado en un gobierno mon?rquico, autoritario, antiliberal, nacional-cat?lico y corporativo que simpatiza con la experiencia italiana, nace prematuramente porque no se dan en aquel momento las condiciones sociales y pol?ticas requeridas para su puesta en marcha. De hecho el viejo conservadurismo espa?ol de la dictadura no estaba preocupado por la revoluci?n social y la p?rdida de sus privilegios, sin embargo, la llegada de la segunda rep?blica con sus reformas modernizadoras que romp?an dicha hegemon?a llevaron a la derecha radical a considerar que la ?nica v?a para impedir la revoluci?n social, que se consideraba inminente, era la insurrecci?n contra la rep?blica.