[en] Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the procedures available to treat chronic kidney disease. Despite the advantages it offers in terms of dialysis efficacy, morbidity and mortality, quality of life and costs, it is less widely used than haemodialysis due to complications arising from the technique. Local bleedings, infections and the bioincompatible characteristics of dialysis fluid (DF) lead to loss of the dialytic capacity of the peritoneum, resulting in ultrafiltration failure. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria plays a key role in triggering the oxidative stress and inflammation characteristic of this process. Increased ROS have been shown to lead to the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, a multiprotein complex involved in the activation of caspase-1, which is responsible for the maturation of IL-1β, one of the main cytokines involved in the inflammatory process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in inflammasome activation, as well as the mechanisms involved in this process. In addition, the ability of the natural antioxidant resveratrol to prevent its activation was also tested. The results obtained show that mitochondrial dysfunction induces caspase-1 expression and produces a synergistic increase in IL-1β protein expression during the inflammatory response in cells from the peritoneal effluent of PD patients. Furthermore, they suggest that the NLRP3 receptor, nuclear factor NF-KB and mitochondrial ROS are involved in this process. Finally, resveratrol has been shown to prevent the effects of mitochondrial dysfunction during the inflammatory response by decreasing the expression of caspase-1 and IL-1ß in human mesothelial cells.

[gl] A diálise peritoneal (DP) é un dos procedementos que existen para tratar a enfermidade renal crónica. Pese ás vantaxes que ofrece en termos de eficacia dialítica, morbimortalidade, calidade de vida e custo, é menos empregada ca hemodiálise debido ás complicacións derivadas da técnica. Os sangrados locais, as infeccións e as características bioincompatibles do líquido de diálise (LD) provocan a perda da capacidade dialítica do peritoneo, dando lugar ao fallo de ultrafiltración. A producción de especias reactivas de osíxeno (ROS) pola mitocondria xoga un papel clave coma detonante do estrés oxidativo e da inflamación característica deste proceso. Parece ser que o aumento de ROS provoca o ensamblaxe do inflamasoma NLRP3, un complexo multiproteico implicado na activación de caspasa-1, que é responsable da maduración de IL-1β, unha das principais citoquinas que participan no proceso inflamatorio. O obxectivo do presente traballo consisteu na avaliación do papel da disfunción mitocondrial na activación do inflamasoma, así coma dos mecanismos implicados no proceso. Adicionalmente, testouse a capacidade do antioxidante natural resveratrol para prever a súa activación. Os resultados obtidos amosan que a disfunción mitocondrial induce a expresión de caspasa-1 e produce un aumento sinérxico da expresión proteica de Il-1β durante a resposta inflamatoria nas células procedente do efluente peritoneal de pacientes en DP. Ademais, suxiren que o receptor NLRP3, o factor nuclear NF-KB e os ROS mitocondriais atópanse implicados neste proceso. Finalmente, mostrouse que o resveratrol prevén os efectos da disfunción mitocondrial durante a resposta inflamatoria, diminuindo a expresión de caspasa-1 e IL-1β nas células mesoteliais humanas.