[ca] Els polifenols presents a la dieta s'han estudiat extensament pel seus efectes positius sobre diferents components de la síndrome metabòlica (MetS). En aquesta Tesi, es va proposar avaluar els efecte beneficiós dels polifenols de pinyol de raïm sobre la disfunció endotelial i la hipertensió (HTN) associada a la MetS, utilitzant el model de dieta de cafeteria com a model de MetS. Els resultats mostraren que una dosi aguda de 375 mg/Kg d'un extracte de polifenols de baix pes molecular de pinyol de raïm (LM-GSPE) 6 hores post- administració va ser la més efectiva per a baixar la pressió arterial en aquest model de HTN induït per dieta. En questa millora va ser veure la implicació de la Sirtuina-1 (Sirt-1) així com bloqueig del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina-Aldosterona (SRAA), que com a conseqüència va millorar la funció endotelial. Per una altra banda, es va veure com alguns dels polifenols més abundants del LM-GSPE, com l'(-)-epicatequina, la (+)-catequina o l'àcid gàl·lic, actuaren com a moduladors de la funció endotelial. A més a més, es demostrà que a una baixa dosi de 7 mg/Kg, l'àcid gàl·lic, l'àcid fenòlic més abundant de l'extracte, baixava la pressió arterial de manera aguda en rates espontàniament hipertenses, millorant a més la funció endotelial a través del bloqueig el SRAA, com succeí amb LM-GSPE. No obstant això, i al contrari que LM-GSPE, es trobaren nivells elevats de bradiquinina i descartà la implicació de les sirtuïnes en aquest efecte antihipertensiu. Finalment, es demostrà que la administració crònica de polifenols de pinyol de raïm atenuaren el desenvolupament de HTN així com d'altres factors de risc associats amb la MetS. Per tant, es proposen els polifenols de pinyol de raïm, inclòs l'àcid gàl·lic, com a bons candidats per a ser utilitzats en el tractament de la HTN associada a la MetS.

[en] Dietary polyphenols have been widely studied for their health effects on different components of metabolic syndrome (MetS). In the present Thesis it was aimed to evaluate the beneficial effect of grape-seed polyphenols on endothelial dysfunction and hypertension (HTN) associated with MetS using cafeteria diet-fed rats as a model of MetS. Results showed that an acute dose of 375 mg/kg of a low-molecular grape seed extract (LM- GSPE) 6h after-administration was the most effective in lowering BP in this diet induced HTN model. This improvement was seen to be mediated by Sirtuin-1 (sirt-1) and blockage of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) at reducing Ang I and in turns Ang II plasma levels, and as a consequence, improving the endothelial function. Otherwise, some of the principal polyphenol forms in LM-GSPE, such as (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin, also showed to act as modulators of endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that at a low dose of 7mg/Kg of gallic acid, the main phenolic acid present in LM-GSPE, acutely reduced BP in spontaneously hypertensive rats, improving endothelial dysfunction by blockage of the RAAS as LM-GSPE. However, gallic acid in contrast to LM-GSPE increased plasma bradykinin levels and not involved Sirt-1 in its antihypertensive effect. Finally it was demonstrated that a chronic administration of grape-seed polyphenols attenuated the development of HTN and other cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS. Therefore, grape-seed polyphenols, including gallic acid, are proposed as good candidates to be used as as BP lowering agents in HTN associated with MetS.