[en] Background: Autism/Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neuroevolutionary disorders that present a wide variety of clinical manifestations: motor deficits, deficits in social interaction, deficits in verbal and non-verbal communication, and behavioral deficits. In most cases, motor deficits interfere with an individual's social and communication abilities, affecting the overall development of children with autism/ASD. Objetive: To identify the therapies and/or therapeutic resources that are used from physical therapy in the approach of the child and adolescent with autism/TEA. Methods: A systematic review was carried out in October-November 2018, consulting the databases Cochrane English, Cochrane Spanish, Pedro, PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, Cinahl and Sport Discus. The established inclusion criteria were: articles using therapies, and/or therapeutic resources from physical therapy to influence the global development of children and adolescents with autism/TEA, published in the last 10 years, in English/Spanish, and whose type of publication was meta-analysis, systematic reviews, experimental studies, or observational studies. Outcomes: Finally, a total of 23 articles were analyzed (12 experimental studies: clinical trial, controlled and/or randomized clinical trials, 10 observational studies, and 1 clinical case study). The techniques and/or therapeutic resources that can be used from physical therapy to approach the child with autism/ATD are: therapeutic exercise, therapeutic horseback riding, aquatic therapy, fundamental motor skills program (FMS), Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS), use of video games and robotics, and guided, directed and adapted sports practice. The variables analyzed in the different articles were: motor variables (coordination, balance, gait), social variables (social and adaptive behavior, executive function), and communicational variables (learning and language). The most commonly used measuring instruments were: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Profiency-2 (BOTMP-2), The Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales (SSIS), and the Guillian Autism Rting Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2). Conclusions: The techniques and/or therapeutic resources used from the physical therapy when introduced to a child with autism/TEA shoa positive result in the overall development (physical, psychological, and social) of this population. To this date, there is no consensus, nor are the therapeutic resources identified with which the most effective and efficient results could be achieved. There is no homogeneity in the use of measuring instruments, which makes it difficult to compare results between studies. More quality research is needed in this field, as what is currently published has very small sample sizes and designs with low methodological qualities.

[gl] Introdución: O autismo/Trastorno do Espectro Austista(TEA) constitúen un grupo de alteracións neuroevolutivas que presentan unha ampla variedade de manifestacións clínicas: déficits motrices, déficits na interacción social, déficit na comunicación verbal e non verbal, e déficits comportamentais. Na maioría dos casos, os déficits motrices interfiren na capacidade social e comunicativa do individuo, afectando ó desenvolvemento global dos nenos con autismo/TEA. Obxectivo: Identificar cales son as terapias e/ou recursos terapéuticos que se empregan dende a fisioterapia na abordaxe do neno e adolescente con autismo/TEA. Material e métodos: Realizouse unha revisión sistemática no mes de outubro-novembro 2018, consultando as bases de datos Cochrane inglés, Cochrane español, Pedro, PubMed, Web Of Science (WOS), Scopus, Cinahl e Sport Discus. Os criterios de inclusión establecidos foron: artigos que empreguen terapias, e/ou recursos terapéuticos dende a fisioterapia para influír no desenvolvemento global do neno e adolescente con autismo/TEA, publicados nos últimos 10 anos, en inglés/español, e cuxo tipo de publicación fose metanálise, revisións sistemáticas, estudos experimentais, ou estudos observacionais. Resultados: Finalmente analizáronse un total de 23 artigos (12 estudos experimentais: ensaio clínico, ensaios clínicos controlados e/ou aleatorizados, 10 estudos observacionais, e 1 estudo de casos clínicos). As técnicas e/ou recursos terapéuticos que se poden empregar dende a fisioterapia para abordar ó neno con autismo/TEA son: exercicio terapéutico, equitación terapéutica, terapia acuática, o programa de habilidades motoras fundamentais (HMF), Estimulación Rítmica Auditiva (ERA), utilización de videoxogos e robótica, e a práctica deportiva guiada, dirixida e adaptada. As variables analizadas nos diferentes artigos foron: variables motoras (coordinación, equilibrio, marcha), variables sociais (comportamento social e adaptativo, función executiva), e variables comunicacionais (aprendizaxe e linguaxe). Os instrumentos de medida máis empregados foron: a Escala Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Profiency-2 (BOTMP- 2), a escala The Social Skills Improvement System Rating Scales (SSIS), e a escala Guillian Autism Rting Scale-Second Edition (GARS-2). Conclusións: As técnicas e/ou recursos terapéuticos empregados dende a fisioterapia na abordaxe do neno e adolescente con autismo/TEA inflúen positivamente no desenvolvemento global (físico, psicolóxico, e social) desta poboación. Na actualidade non existe consenso, nin están identificados os recursos terapéuticos cos que se poderían alcanzar resultados máis eficaces e eficientes. Non hai homoxeneidade na utilización dos instrumentos de medida, o que dificulta a comparación de resultados entre estudos. Son necesarias más investigacións de calidade neste campo, xa que na actualidade o que está publicado presenta tamaños de mostra moi pequenos, e deseños con baixas calidades metodolóxicas