[en] The purpose of the investigation, the Sustainable Development Reserve State "Ponta do Tubar?o", is located in the municipalities of Coastal Guamar? and Macau, populations of Rio Grande do Norte Brazil, with an area of ??129.6 km ? has a population around 10,000. Within the limits of the Reserve, which is an area of ??environmental protection, mining companies are located oil and gas (Petrobras), salt production (Salinas) and captive breeding of shrimps ( fish), these companies should plan and execute actions that have commitment to the Environmental and Social Responsibility, on the basis that the community in which they operate requires a greater respect for their environment and that most residents The area devoted to fishing for shellfish and traditional fishing activities. The objective of this research is to diagnose the environmental aspects, Cultural, Economic and Social inhabitants of the reserve to create conditions that improve their quality of life through the development of self-sustaining activities, mobilize, sensitize, suggest and help companies to understand, incorporate and act with social responsibility when installed compatible economic activities in the Reserve with the environmental, economic, cultural and social area, stimulating the implementation of agreements for the viability of projects in the area environmental education, implement ideas according to the potential offered by the Reserve and seeking support to develop sustainable tourism as an alternative source of income and development of the region. In this research the theoretical method used scientific, historical and descriptive, with the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods based on field research. The diagnostic analysis showed that the overall social vulnerability of the population of the reserve is absurd and unacceptable, and results in low education, poor housing conditions, unemployment, low incomes, poor basic infrastructure and lack of collection of garbage, this vulnerability is caused by the lack of public policies for environmentally sustainable development. Among others, the investigation concluded that the company Petrobras with the local public authority, should implement more aggressive and stringent safety guidelines, environment and health as defined in its Security Policy, Environment and Health. Companies captive breeding of shrimps (Fish) cause many environmental and social problems, the Federal and State environmental agencies should act more rigor in monitoring, auditing and licensing.

[es] El objeto de la investigaci?n, la Reserva de Desarrollo Sostenible Estatal "Ponta do Tubar?o", est? localizada en los Municipios del Litoral de Guamar? y Macau, poblaciones del Estado de Rio Grande del Norte " Brasil, con un ?rea de 129.6 Km? posee una poblaci?n en torno a los 10.000 habitantes. Dentro de los l?mites de la Reserva, que es un ?rea de protecci?n ambiental, est?n localizadas empresas de extracci?n de petr?leo y de gas (Petrobras), producci?n de sal (Salinas) y cr?a en cautiverio de camarones (Piscicultura); estas empresas deber?an planificar y ejecutar acciones que tengan compromiso con la Gesti?n Ambiental y la Responsabilidad Social, en base a que la comunidad en la que desarrollan sus actividades exige un mayor respeto con su entorno, ya que en su mayor?a los habitantes de la zona se dedican a la pesca de moluscos, crust?ceos y actividades pesqueras tradicionales. El objetivo de esta investigaci?n es diagnosticar los Aspectos Ambientales, Culturales, Econ?micos y Sociales de los habitantes de la reserva para crear condiciones que mejoren su calidad de vida de a trav?s del desarrollo de actividades auto-sostenibles, movilizar, sensibilizar, sugerir y ayudar a las empresas a que comprendan, incorporen y act?en con responsabilidad social a la hora de compatibilizar las actividades econ?micas instaladas en la Reserva con la sostenibilidad ambiental, econ?mica, cultural y social del ?rea, estimular la realizaci?n de acuerdos para la viabilizaci?n de proyectos en el ?rea de educaci?n ambiental, implementar ideas de acuerdo con el potencial ofrecido por la Reserva y la b?squeda de apoyo para desarrollar el Turismo Sostenible como alternativa de fuente de ingresos y desarrollo de la regi?n. En esta pesquisa cient?fica utilizo el m?todo te?rico, hist?rico y descriptivo, con la combinaci?n de los m?todos cualitativo y cuantitativo basada en la investigaci?n de campo. El an?lisis de los diagn?sticos mostr? que la vulnerabilidad social global de la poblaci?n de la Reserva es absurda e inaceptable, y se traduce en baja escolaridad, condiciones precarias de las viviendas, falta de empleo, rentas bajas, deficiencias de infraestructuras b?sicas y falta de recogida de las basuras, esta vulnerabilidad est? ocasionada por la falta de pol?ticas p?blicas para el desarrollo ambiental sostenible. Entre otros, la investigaci?n concluye que la Empresa Petrobras junto con el poder p?blico local, deber?an aplicar de forma m?s agresiva y rigurosa las directrices de seguridad, medio ambiente y salud, definidas en su Pol?tica de Seguridad, Medio Ambiente y Salud. Las empresas de cr?a en cautiverio de camarones (Piscicultura) causan muchos problemas ambientales y sociales, los ?rganos ambientales Federal y Estatal, deber?an actuar con m?s rigor en la fiscalizaci?n, auditorias y licencias.