BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Taking into account the representation of monsters in the cinema of Guillermo del Toro, this project consists of making a filmic analysis of Nightmare Alley (2021). To do this, the characteristics of the monster will be analysed, alluding to the elements necessary for a being to become a beast. The work will deepen in the concept of dehumanization, especially in the violent process that takes place at the fair or the circus to convert human beings into animals, among others. In addition, it will investigate the role of society in the birth of the "Other", determining its influence on the evolution of monsters throughout the decades. All this will be analysed on the basis of the film by the Mexican filmmaker in which, using the noir style, the dark side of the American dream is presented. Several writers and researchers will be cited in this analysis, but the main one will be Craig Detweiler, as it will be based on his thorough investigation of monsters. To sum up, the representation of monsters is the basis of this analysis. The characteristics of what is a monster present in human elements will be studied, analysing behaviours that make a person an intimidating being. To do this, the religious symbology and the aesthetic of the film will be discussed, in addition to the theoretical and philosophical bases that define human behaviour.

[eu] Guillermo del Tororen zineman munstroen irudikapena kontuan hartuta, lan honetan Nightmare Alley (2021) pelikularen analisi filmikoa egingo da. Horretarako munstroaren ezaugarriak aztertuko dira, izaki bat piztia izateko beharrezkoak diren elementuak aipatuz. Deshumanizazio prozesuan sakonduko da lan honetan, batez ere ferian edo zirkuan ematen den indarkeria prozesuan gizakiak animalietan bihurtzeko, besteak beste. Gainera, gizarteak bestelakotasunaren sorreran duen paperean ikertuko da, hamarkadetan barrena munstroen bilakaeran izan duen eragina zehaztuz. Hau dena aztertuko da zinemagile mexikarraren pelikula oinarri gisa hartuz, non, noir estiloaz baliatuz, amets amerikarraren aurpegi iluna aurkezten den. Analisi hau egiterako orduan hainbat idazle eta ikerlari aipatuko dira, baina nagusia Craig Detweiler izango da, munstroen inguruan egindako ikerketa sakona hartuko baita oinarri gisa. Batez ere, munstroaren irudikapena aztertuko da analisian. Horretarako, filmean aurkitutako sinbolo erlijiosoak eta ezaugarri estetikoak komentatuko dira, giza portaera aztertzen duten oinarri teoriko eta filosofikoez gain. Analisia eta defentsa euskaraz izango dira
[en] The following article shows how is regulate the criminal liability of legal persons in Belgium, its characteristics, the offenses for which a legal person can respond and their penalties, among other important subjects also, the problems caused by its application.

[eu] Ondorengo lanean pertsona juridikoen erantzukizun penalaren Belgikako erregulazioaren azalpena agertzen zaigu; ezaugarriak, pertsona juridikoek burutu ahal ditzaketen delituak, dagozkien zigorrak, eta aplikazio praktikoak sorturiko arazoak.
[en] Ligaments are the fibrous connective tissues that connect bones with each other and generally their function is to join structures and keep them stable, that is why their proper functionality is fundamental. During the last decades a new method consisting of building artificial support structures for the regeneration of ligaments and other tissues has been developed. Last trends in the three dimensional (3D) fabrication of scaffolds for ligament tissue regeneration will be analyzed in this review, with special attention to the utilized materials, the specific technics used and the different characteristics that scaffolds possess.

[eu] Ligamenduak, hezurrak beste hezurrekin lotzen dituzten zuntzez egindako ehun konektiboak dira, beraien helburua egiturak lotzea eta mantentzea izanda. Azkenengo hamarkadetan euskarri artifizialak eraikiz, ligamenduak eta beste ehun batzuk birsortzeko balio duen metodo berri bat garatu egin da. Berrikuspen bibliografiko honetan, ligamenduak birsortzeko hiru dimentsioko (3D) teknikak erabilita eraikitzen diren euskarri zelularren azken joerak aztertuko dira, arreta berezia emango zaio erabilitako materialei, erabilitako teknika zehatzei eta euskarri desberdinek aurkezten dituzten ezaugarrie.
[en] The first step of this work has been the study of the different classifications of voices, currently available. Then, and once the best classification and the qualifiers that best suit our needs have been chosen, we proceed to evaluate the available synthetic voices according to these qualifiers. In order to do the best and most exact evaluation, a web test has been created, using as evaluators normal people who are potential users of Zure TTS. Finally, after the evaluation, the results obtained have been analyzed. A graph has been created for each synthetic voice representing the values it has obtained in the test and with all the values obtained a catalogue with all the usable voices has been built. Apart from this, new voices have been added to the catalog with the intention of improving it.

[eu] Lan honetan, lehenik eta behin, gaur egun erabiltzen diren ahots sailkapen ezberdinen ikasketa egin da. Ondoren, eta gure ahots katalogoari ondoen zetorkion sailkapena eta honek erabiltzen dituen kalifikatzaileak aukeratuta, ahots sintetiko bakoitzari kalifikatzaile hauekiko balio batzuk eman zaizkio. Kalifikazio hauek ahalik eta onenak eta zehatzenak izan asmoz, web bidezko test ireki bat egin da, erabiltzaile arrutak izan daitezkeen pertsonen modukoak ebaluatzaile bezala jarrita. Azkenik, ebaluaketa guztiak egin ostean, emaitzen interpretazio bat egin da. Ahots sintetiko bakoitzari bere kalifikazioak adierazten dituen grafiko bat egin zaio eta lortutako balio guztiekin ahots erabilgarri guztiak biltzen dituen katalogoa osatu da. Hau guztia egiteaz gain, ahots katalogoa handitu asmoz mota ezberdineko ahotsak gehitu dira.
[en] Human right concept, its application and respect relating to refugees are analyzed, studing this expression in the individual-State relation. Likewise, it is underlinet the necessity of change the law foundation, and some general principles that should form the juridical order are presented.

[eu] Giza eskubideak hitza eta bai bere aplikazio eta zeresana, errefuxiatu dagokionean, aztertzen dira, kontzeptu hau norbanako-Estatu erlazioan ikertuz. Honetaz gain Zuzenbidearen oinarria bera aldatzeko beharra nabarmentzen da, eta arau orokor batzuk, arauketa juridikoa konposatu behar dutenak, aurkeztu egiten dira.
[en] By this degree ending Project, a mechanism which is going to create a progressive suspension will be designed for the rear suspension of a motorcycle. In fact, the spring of the motorcycle is going to have a constant rigidity, but due to a special mechanism designed for the rear suspension of a motorcycle, the rigidity of that spring is going to be changeable. The mechanism used for this project is called Pro-Link and it is used by Honda. Owing to that, the global scheme of the mechanism is going to be designed, and thanks to a kinematic analysis done by the program Creo Parametric, and by making different changes in order to gain the best progressivity as possible, the graphic which shows the curve about how the rigidity is changing is going to be obtained. In other words, the way the new rigidity is changing depending on the vertical movement of the wheel could be observed. In addition to this, thanks to a dynamic analysis done by the same program, the reactions of the system will be obtained and the auxiliary elements, which are going to improve the functionality of the mechanism, will be calculated. Finally, a simple design of the triangle and a preliminary one of the arm will be done by finite elements method.

[eu] Gradu amaierako lana honen bitartez motor baten atzeko suspentsiorako diseinatuta egongo den mekanismo bat burutuko da honek suspentsio progresiboa sortuko duelarik, malguki lineal batetik abiatuta. Hala ere, motorrean jarriko den malgukiak zurruntasun konstantea izango du, malgukiak mugatuko duena, baina, moto baten atzeko suspentsiorako zehazki diseinatua dagoen mekanismo bati esker lortu egingo da zurruntasuna aldatzen joatea. Lan honetarako erabilitako mekanismoa Pro-Link deituko da eta Honda enpresa da mekanismo hau erabiltzen duena. Horretarako, mekanismoaren eskema orokor bat egingo da eta analisi zinematiko bat definituko da, Creo Parametric programarekin egingo dena. Sisteman aldaketak eginez ahalik eta progresio hoberenera gerturatzearren, zurruntasuna nola aldatzen doan erakutsiko duen kurbaren grafikoa lortuko da, hau da, zurruntasun berriaren garapena antzemango da gurpilaren oszilazio bertikalaren arabera. Gainera, programaren bitartez egindako analisi dinamiko batek mekanismoko erreakzioak kalkulatuko ditu, eta honen bitartez elementu laguntzaileak kalkulatuko dira sistemaren funtzionamendua hobetu asmoz. Azkenik, triangeluaren eta baskulantearen diseinu sinple bat garatuko da elementu finituko metodoaren bitartez.
[en] The main objective of this project is the creation of the synthetic voice, that is an artificial voice, of a well-known person working with the already existing AhoTTS system, a Text To Speech Conversion System whose function is to translate any input text into audio signals with the protagonist's voice. The famous person from whom we obtain the synthetic voice is the journalist Matías Prats and thanks to that we achieve the main purpose of this project which is the proof of the capacity of this system in terms of the similarity reached. In this document it will be explained the process that has to be done to create a synthetic voice using the AhoTTS system and the final result obtained after finishing this process.

[eu] Proiektu honen helburu nagusia pertsona famatu baten ahots sintetikaren sorrera da, hots, artifiziala; AhoTTS sistemaren bidez. Konbertsio sistema bat da, edozein sarrera-testu protagonistaren ahotsarekiko audioaren seinaleak bihurtzeko gai dena. Proiektua lortutako ahots sintetikoa Matías Prats kazetari famatuarena da, eta hari esker sistema honen helburua betetzen da; sistemaren ahalmena erakusten da, lortutako ahotsaren antzekotasunari dagokiona frogatzen. Dokumentu honetan ahots sintetikoa lortzeko prozesua azalduko da; AhoTTS sistemaren bidez, eta prozesua bukatzerakoan lortutako emaitza.
[en] The project presented in this study develops the design of a photovoltaic system in a single house, with the objective to generate electricity for individual consumption and to be connected to the electric power distribution system. The house is located in Arteta, Usansolo, which is a neighbourhood of Galdácano, in the Gran Bilbao region, Bizkaia. In order to develop the design, several calculations and measurements have been made. First of all, the location, roof orientation and inclination with the optimum angle depending on the latitude, the useful land and some other parameters have been analyzed. The data are used to establish the best position and get best out of the system. Furthermore, with the objective to optimise the performance of the system, the energy generated during the test period has been calculated. For this purpose, system operating parameters, voltage and current have been examined, as well as the influence of temperature on the parameters. The results of the analysis are used to optimize every available resource to make the most profitable decisions. To complete the design development, special software called "CalculationSolar", which helps to contrast the aforementioned calculations, has been used. In addition to this, a feasibility study has been done with the purpose of finding out whether the investment is sound and whether it should be reduced. Finally, a number of conclusions have been reached to evaluate the sustainability of the project.

[eu] Ondorengo lan honek etxebizitza indibidual batean instalazio fotovoltaiko baten diseinua azaltzen du, zeinaren helburua elektrizitatea sortzea izango den, bai autokontsumorako baita sarera konektatzeko ere. Etxebizitza Usansoloko Arteta auzoan kokatuta dago, Usansolo Galdakaoko auzo bat izanik, Bizkaian, Bilbo Handia eskualdean kokatzen dena. Diseinua garatzeko orduan, hainbat kalkulu eta neurketa egin behar izan dira. Alde batetik, instalazioa kokatzeko eremua aztertu da, teilatuaren orientazio eta inklinazioa, latitudearen araberako angelu optimoa, lursail erabilgarria eta abar, instalazioa efektiboena gertatuko den tokian kokatzeko helburuarekin. Bestetik, instalazioak energia sortzeko izango duen gaitasuna aztertu da, gaitasun hori optimizatzeko asmoz. Sistemaren operazio parametroak ere aztertu dira, tentsio eta intentsitatea, baita tenperaturak horiengan izango duen eragina ere. Azterketa guztien helburua eskura dauden baliabideak optimizatzea da erabaki errentagarrienak aukeratzeko asmoz. Diseinuaren garapena osotzeko ere, software lagungarri bat erabili da, aurretik egindako kalkuluen emaitzak ziurtatzeko. Erabili den softwarea CalculationSolar izan da. Bestalde, ikasketa ekonomiko eta energetikoa egin da, instalaziorako egingo den inbertsioa errekuperagarria den edo ez jakiteko, edota inbertsioa txikitu behar den erabakitzeko. Bukatzeko, ondorio desberdinak bildu dira, proiektuaren errentagarritasun eta erabilkortasuna baloratzeko helburuarekin.
[en] Objective: This systematic review aimed to measure the effects of strength training on individuals with low back pain based on scientific evidence from the past 5 years. This study covers scientific articles published between 2019 and 2024. Search strategy: To find articles, the PubMed database was used, and only studies written in English were selected. Using specific keywords, a total of 968 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 9 articles were collected for a deeper analysis. Results: Interventions lasting from 6 to 22 weeks were analyzed, with 1 to 3 weekly sessions being conducted. All articles indicated that strength training reduced the intensity of low back pain. Additionally, the studies analyzed changes in individuals' disability levels, mobility, flexibility, trunk musculature, quality of life, and kinesiophobia due to this type of training. However, the results showed very different ideas or opinions. Conclusions: This systematic review demonstrated that strength training is beneficial for individuals with low back pain. However, further scientific research is needed to identify the specific effects that strength training has on individuals with low back pain and to determine the most suitable characteristics of this type of training and thus be able to carry out an optimal prescription

[eu] Helburua: Errebisio sistematiko honen bitartez indar entrenamenduak min lunbarra duten pertsonengan sortzen dituen efektuak neurtu nahi izan dira azken 5 urteetan burutu den ebidentzia zientifikoan oinarrituz. Hau da 2019-2024 urteen bitarteko artikulu zientifikoak aztertu ziren. Bilaketa estrategia: Artikuluak aurkitzeko Pubmed data basea erabili zen eta ingelesez idatzitako azterlanak soilik hautatu ziren. Hitz gako konkretu batzuen bitartez guztira 968 artikulu lortu ziren. Duplikatuak kendu eta inklusio eta esklusio irizpideak igaro ondoren guztira 9 artikulu bildu ziren haien azterketa sakonago bat egin ahal izateko. Emaitzak: 6-22 bitarteko interbentzioak aztertu ziren, non, astero 1-3 bitarteko saioak burutzen zituzten. Artikulu guztiek indar entrenamenduak min lunbarraren intentsitatea murrizten zutela adierazi zuten. Bestalde, ikerketek, entrenamendu mota honi esker pertsonen desgaitasun mailan, mugikortasunean, malgutasunean, enborraren giharduran, bizi-kalitatean eta kinesiofobia aldaketak aztertu zituzten. Hala ere emaitzetan ideia edo iritzi oso desberdinak behatu ziren. Ondorioak: Errebisio sistematiko honi esker frogatu zen indar entrenamendua onuragarria dela min lunbarra duten pertsonentzako. Baina oraindik ikerketa zientifiko gehiago egitearen beharra dago; alde batetik, indar entrenamenduak min lunbarra duten pertsonengan sortzen dituen ondorio espezifikoak identifikatzeko eta beste aldetik, entrenamendu mota honen ezaugarri egokienak zehazteko eta hori esker preskripzio optimo bat burutu ahal izateko.
[en] In this document, it is proposed a central heating system, with the combination of renewable and traditional energy, taking advantage that way of the main characteristicts of each of them. The proposed place to carry out the project is the neighbourhood called Jauregizahar auzoa, in Amorebieta-Etxano, that has been selected because of its location and shape. The suggested heating system is the so called District Heating, which by means of just a machine room it is going to supply the neighbourhood's heating and hot water needs. The main obtective of the project is to calculate the demand, to evaluate and justify the equipment needed for the heating and supply of the water. Any other works required to finish the whole project are also going to be calculated. Once the technical solution is concluded, it is going to be analyzed the economical viability, which is requiered for every engineering project. This way, it is going to be demonstrated if the project is acceptable or not.

[eu] Dokumentu honetan berokuntza sistema zentralizatu bat proposatzen da auzo batentzako, energia berristagarrien eta ohikoen konbinazio bidez, modu nohetan bakoitzaren ezaugarriak hobeto aprobetxatzeko. Proposatutako gunea proiektuaren garapenerako Jauregizahar auzoa da, Amorebieta-Etxanon, aukeratuta izan dana bai bere kokalekuagaitik, zein bere itxuragaitik. Proposatutako berokuntza sistema District Heating delakoa da, galdara-gela bakar baten bitartez auzo guztiaren berokuntza eta ur bero zerbitzuaren hornikuntzaz arduratuko dena. Proiektua, ur beroaren eskaeraren kalkuluan zentratzen da, auzoaren berokuntzarako eta ur beroaren hornikuntzarako beharrezkoa den ekipamenduaren dimentsionamendu eta justi - kazioa lortzeko. Era berean, proiektu osoa aurrera ateratzeko beharrezkoak diren gainerako lanen kalkuluen justifikazioak egiten dira baita. Soluzio teknikoa amaitu ondoren, bideragarritasun ekonomikoa aztertuko da, edozein ingeniaria proiekturako nahitzaezkoa dena. Modu honetan frogatuko da proiektua baliozkoa den ala ez. Departamento de Ingenier a Nuclear y Mec anica de Fluidos 2 ABSTRACT In this document, it is proposed a central heating system, with the combination of renewable and traditional energy, taking advantage that way of the main characteristicts of each of them. The proposed place to carry out the project is the neighbourhood called Jauregizahar auzoa, in Amorebieta-Etxano, that has been selected because of its location and shape. The suggested heating system is the so called District Heating, which by means of just a machine room it is going to supply the neighbourhood's heating and hot water needs. The main obtective of the project is to calculate the demand, to evaluate and justify the equipment needed for the heating and supply of the water. Any other works required to nish the whole project are also going to be calculated. Once the technical solution is concluded, it is going to be analyzed the economical viability, which is requiered for every engineering project. This way, it is going to be demonstrated if the project is acceptable or not.
[en] Being a mother is every woman's right, but when it comes to differently-abled women the topic can become taboo. This research aims to study the maternity in physically differently-abled women. In order to achieve the aim, legislation, statistics and several studies have been used; but it has mostly wanted to give voice to the main characters, physically differently-abled women. Some have decided to exercise their right to maternity, others not, and there are some who after being mother have befallen them the differently-ability. The results show how lack of awareness and social factors shape the lives of these women, and how depending on the group of women, have different points of view.

[eu] Ama izatea emakume guztion eskubidea da, baina, aniztasun funtzionala duten emakumeen inguruan ari garenean, gaia tabu bihurtu daiteke. Ikerketa honetan, aniztasun funtzional fisikoa duten emakumeen amatasunaren gaia lantzen da. Horretarako, legedi testuak, datu estatistikoak, ikerketak erabili dira, baina batez ere protagonistei ahotsa eman nahi izan da, aniztasuna funtzional fisikoa duten emakumeak. Seme alabarik gabeko aniztasun funtzionala duten emakumeak, ama izandako aniztasun funtzionala duten emakumeak, eta ama izan ostean aniztasun funtzionala izandako emakumeak. Ateratako emaitzek, ezjakintasuna eta baldintzapen sozialek emakume hauen bizitza modelatzen dutela erakusteaz gain, emakume taldearen arabera bizitza ikuspuntu ezberdinak daudela adierazten dute.
[en] In medicine, to provide an accurate diagnosis and optimize resources, the correct understanding of clinical documents is crucial. Temporal relation extraction involves properly ordering relevant events over time and can be of great help in facilitating the comprehension of clinical texts. However, due to the nature of medical data, it is challenging to obtain large quantities of data to train language models, resulting in fewer pretrained models in this domain and complicating tasks such as relation extraction. In this Bachelor's Thesis, an analysis of the state of the art in the field of temporal relation extraction is conducted, and it is investigated whether the use of more innovative techniques,such as Natural Language Inference (NLI), yields better results. Additionally, NLI is used in conjunction with Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Learning (ZSL and FSL) to analyze if it is possible to extract temporal relations using limited data, based on the promising results published using the NLI methodology in similar tasks such as semantic relation extraction. This approach aims to address the issue of the scarcity of medical data. In this work, it has been observed that the combination of NLI with ZSL and FSL is capable of extracting temporal relations, significantly improving the results obtained by state-of-theart techniques with limited training data. However, when a large amount of data is available,state-of-the-art techniques still outperform, although NLI approaches the results.

[eu] Medikuntzan, diagnostiko zuzen bat eskaintzeko eta baliabideak optimizatzeko ezinbestekoa da dokumentu klinikoak behar bezala ulertzea. Denborazko erlazioen erauzketa gertakari garrantzitsuak denboran zehar behar bezala ordenatzean datza, eta laguntza handia izan daiteke testu klinikoen ulermena errazteko. Baina datu medikoen izaeragatik, zaila da hizkuntzaereduak entrenatzeko datumultzo handiak izatea, eta horregatik, eredu aurre-entrenatu gutxiago daude arlo honetan, erlazio erauzketa bezalako atazak zailduz. Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan, denborazko erlazio erauzketen arloan egungo egoeraren analisia egiten da eta teknika berritzaileagoak erabiliz, hala nola Hizkuntza Naturalaren Inferentzia (Natural Language Inference, NLI), emaitza hobeak lortzen diren ikertzen da. Gainera, NLI Zero-Shot eta Few-Shot Learning-ekin (ZSL eta FSL) batera erabiltzen da, datu gutxirekin denborazko erlazioen erauzketa egin daitekeen aztertzeko, NLI metodologia erabiliz emaitza onak argitaratu baitira antzeko atazetan, besteak beste, harreman semantikoen erauzketan. Horrela,arlo medikoko datuen eskasiaren arazoari aurre egin nahi zaio. Lan honetan ikusi da NLI ZSL eta FSL-rekin konbinatuta denborazko erlazioak erauzteko gai dela entrenamendu datu gutxirekin, gaur egun erabiltzen diren tekniken emaitzak asko hobetuz. Datu kopuru handia izanez gero, ordea, gaur egungo teknika horiek hobeak izaten jarraitzen dute, nahiz eta NLI erabiliz emaitza antzekoak lortu daitezkeen.