[en] During a four-year cycle, leveling and collimation readings were performed in three straight-line gravity dams, with a height from foundations close to 20 meters. The reliability of many series of these readings combined with a high instrumental precision and the maintenance of the decisive human factor, allows to deduce the determinant influence of the environmental thermal factor on the vertical movements, as well as the secondary influence, with respect to the hydrostatic thrust, on the Horizontal movements. With the objective of proposing a common behavioral model for gravity concrete dams, with physical significance for their parameters, which reproduces the expected movements of the coronation with respect to the foundation in gravity dams, we propose an annual thermal environmental law Formed by two sinusoids coupled and adjusted, in the valley temperatures and average monthly crest, of the place of the location of each prey. The environmental thermal law is adopted for reservoir water in contact with the wet face of the dam, and insolation, the daily cycle of temperatures and the flow of heat through the foundation are neglected. It dampens and delays the annual cycle temperature, as it flows through the dam body, perpendicular to its respective surface, depending on its only parameter: diffusivity. The average temperature of the solid concrete of each day of the year, in the vertical of each leveling control, is determined from the nearest wet or dry surface, for a height of each block limited by contact with the ground, and The magnitude of its displacement by the constant of proportionality: the coefficient of thermal expansion. The movements of each spot are calculated with respect to the external reference, consisting of a leveling nail, and origin campaign, and its sum is plotted against the environmental annual temperature law, which is shown in a loop diagram. This graph will make it possible to predict the movements of the dam before each leveling campaign, which is considered basic to obtain reliable data and, therefore, the possibility of studying their future deviations due to other minor effects.

[gl] Durante un ciclo de catro anos, realizáronse lecturas de nivelación e colimación, en tres presas de gravidade de planta recta, cunha altura dende cimentos preto a 20 metros. A fiabilidade de moitas series destas lecturas, combinada cunha grande precisión instrumental e o mantemento do decisivo factor humano, permite deducir a determinante influencia do factor térmico ambiental sobre os movementos verticais, así como a influencia secundaria, respecto do empuxe hidrostático, sobre os movementos horizontais. Co obxectivo de propor un modelo de comportamento común para as presas de formigón de gravidade, con significado físico para os seus parámetros, que reproduza os movementos esperados da coroación respecto da cimentación nas presas de gravidade, proponse unha lei térmica anual ambiental formada por dous sinusoides enganchados e axustados, nas temperaturas val e crista media mensual, do lugar do emprazamento de cada presa. Adóptase a lei térmica ambiental para o auga do embalse en contacto co paramento mollado da presa, e desprézanse a insolación, o ciclo diario de temperaturas e o fluxo de calor a través do cimento. Amortécense e atrásanse a temperatura de ciclo anual, ó fluír a través do corpo de presa, perpendicular ó seu respectivo paramento, en función do seu único parámetro: a difusividade. Determínase a temperatura media do macizo de cada día do año, na vertical de cada testemuña de nivelación, dende o paramento máis preto: suso mollado ou ben lluso seco, para unha altura de cada bloque limitada polo contacto co terreo, e a magnitude do seu desprazamento mediante a constante de proporcionalidade: o coeficiente de dilatación térmica. Os movementos de cada testemuña calcúlanse respecto da referencia externa, formada por un cravo de nivelación, e campaña orixe, e represéntase a súa suma fronte á lei de temperatura anual ambiental, o que móstrase no gráfico en forma de bucle. Este gráfico permitirá predicir os movementos dos testemuña de coroación da presa antes da realización de cada campaña de nivelación, o que considérase básico para obter datos fiables e, por conseguinte, a posibilidade de estudar as súas desviacións futuras debidas a outros efectos de menor índole.