BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Thanks to the development of renewable energies in recent years, the interest in electric cars is increasing in the automotive industry, being the efficiency of batteries a critical point. During the charging and discharging process, thermal energy is generated which, if not dispersed, can cause various problems such as the explosion of the batteries or the loss of their efficiency, among others. Consequently, the use of a cooling system is necessary. Until recently, the most widely used and consequently developed cooling elements within cooling systems have been air- and water-cooling elements. However, as a result of the continuous evolution of technology, a new cooling element has been created, the vapor chamber. The cooling process of this element takes place inside a chamber through the evaporation and condensation phases, obtaining several advantages over other elements. On the one hand, it presents better cooling compared to air-based cooling elements, since water and water vapor have better thermal conductivity. On the other hand, it is not necessary to use auxiliary equipment as in water-cooled elements since the entire process takes place inside the chamber. This work presents the design of a cooling system for a set formed by four batteries through a vapor chamber and the modelling of the liquid-gas flow that moves inside it, taking as a result the temperature changes suffered by the flow in the camera and the cycle experienced.

[eu] Azken urteotan emandako energia berriztagarrien garapenari esker, auto elektrikoen inguruko interesa nagusitzen ari da automobilgintzan, baterien efizientzia puntu kritiko bat izanik. Hauen kargatze zein deskargatze prozesuan, energia termikoa sortzen da, non barreiatu ezean hainbat arazo sor ditzakeen, hala nola baterien eztanda edota, hauen efizientziaren galera besteak beste. Honen ondorioz, beharrezkoa suertatzen da hozte- sistema baten erabilera. Orain dela gutxi arte, hozte-sistemen barnean gehien erabili eta ondorioz gehien garatu diren hozte-elementuak aire eta ur bidezkoak izan dira. Hala ere, teknologiaren eboluzio jarraituaren ondorioz, hozte-elementu berri bat sortu da, lurrun ganbera. Elementu honen hozte-prozesua ganbera baten barnean gertatzen da lurrunketa eta kondentsazio faseen bitartez. Honela, beste elementuen aurrean hainbat abantaila aurkezten ditu. Batetik, airea erabiltzen duten hozte-elementuekin alderatuz, hozketa hobea du, urak zein ur lurrunak eroankortasun termiko hobea baitu airearen aurrean. Bestalde, ur bidezko hozte-elementuekin alderatuz, aparteko elementuen beharra murriztu egiten da, prozesu osoa ganbera barnean gertatzen baita. Lan honetan, lau bateriaz osaturiko multzo baten lurrun ganbera bidezko hozte sistema baten diseinua eta bere barnean mugitzen den likido-gas fluxuaren modelizazioa azaltzen da, fluxuak ganbara barnean jasandako tenperatura aldaketak eta izandako zikloa emaitza gisa harturik.
[en] This project´s objectives are the desing and calculus of a industrial unit. The building will be located in the Luisense industrial estate of Mungia, in a plane and urbanized área, in order to promote the economy of the zone. The structure will be made up of laminated steel. It will consist of six attached modules of 20x30m, with a maximun width of 120. Each of de modules will be indepentent establishment and it will be set aside for rent or sale.

[eu] Proiektu honek eraikin industrial baten diseinu eta kalkulua ditu helburutzat. Eraikina mungiako Luisense industrialdean kokatuko da, jada urbanizatua eta lauzotua dagoen partzela batean inguruko ekonomia sustatzeko asmotan. Egitura altzairu laminatuzko perfilez eraikiko da. Ondoz ondoko 20x30m-ko 6 moduluk osatuko dute eta guztira 120m-ko zabalera izango du. Modulu bakoitza establezimendu desberdin bat izango da eta salmenta edo alokairurako izango da.
[en] English: There will be a significant increase in the use of composite materials in electric mobility applications, thanks to their specific characteristics and the demand for them in this sector. Currently, the demand for parts in the railway and automotive industries is met through the manual lamination process. This process has long cycle times of up to 48 hours and cost per unit could be improved in comparison with the hand layup process. Therefore, with advancements in the formulation of ultraviolet curing resins, a manufacturing process has been devised for composite parts using ultraviolet curing resin in a membrane press. This process allows the user to manufacture pre-impregnated fabrics with a specific fiber-to-resin ratio and use them to produce parts with the same quality as the manual lamination process but having control over thicknesses thanks to the use of pre-impregnated materials. This results in cycle times up to 25 times faster and lower cost per unit. Through this work, machine behavior modeling has been achieved for process parameter control. Cycle times have been optimized by constructing a curing time mathematical model, and it has been determined that parts of the same quality as the direct competitor's manufacturing process have been successfully produced.

[eu] Euskara: Haien ezaugarri espezifiko eta elektromugikortasun aplikazioetan beharrezkoak diren berezitasunak direla eta, material konposatuen erabilera hazkunde garrantzitsua espero da etorkizuneko urteetan. Egungoan, trenbide eta automozio-sektorean pieza eskariak eskuzko laminazio bidez sortzen dira. Prozesu honek iraupen ziklo luzeak ditu, 48 ordu arte, eta pieza bakoitzeko kostua hobetzeko aukera dago. Horregatik, ultramorez ontzen diren errexinen formulazioen aurrerapenei esker, mintza prentsa bidez konpaktatzen diren eta ultramore argiz ontzen duten piezen fabrikazio prozesua diseinatu da. Prozesu honek erabiltzaileak esleitutako errexina portzentaia duten aurreinpregnatutako ehunak fabrikatzea ahalbidetzen du, eta horiek erabiliz, eskuzko laminazio prozesuan fabrikatzen diren piezen kalitate berdina duten piezak fabrikatzeko aukera ematen du. Hala ere, lodiera kontrolatzea ahalbidetzen du aurreinpregnatuen erabilera dela eta. Horrez gain, ziklo denborak 25 aldiz azkarragoak eta pieza bakoitzeko kostu txikiagoak izaten dira. Lan honen bidez, makinak duen portaeraren modelaketa eginez, prozesuaren parametroak kontrolatzea lortu da. Ziklo denboren optimizazioa ere lortu da ontze-prozesuaren denbora eredu matematiko bat eraikiz eta lehiakide zuzena den prozesuaren pieza kalitate berdina fabrikatzea lortu da.
[en] This paper presents the discovery of three old proverbs (1603) written in Basque. We found them in a coat-of-arms in Plentzia (Biscay) and we have analyzed them from a linguistic and historical point of view. Two of those proverbs appear in the collection "Refranes y sentencias" (1596), which is a remarkable fact in so far as it adds a new argument which supports Lakarra 's (1996) proposition about the origin of this anonymous proverb compilation (he proposed northwest Biscay as the most plausible origin). In addition, as regards some features of the Basque dialect of this area, we contend that some parts of the songs about the burning of Arrasate were also composed in northwest Biscay; more precisely, around the tower house of Butroe (Gatika). For that purpose, we have augmented those linguistic considerations with historical data.

[eu] Lan honetan aurkikuntza baten berri ematen dugu: Plentziako armarri batean aurkitutako hiru euskal esaera zahar (1603) aurkezten eta hizkuntzaren eta historiaren ikuspuntutik aztertzen ditugu. Hiru esaerotatik bi "Refranes y sentencias" 1596) lanean agertzen dira, eta hori datu garrantzitsua da; izan ere, Lakarrak 1996) errefrau-bilduma anonimo horren jatorriaz egindako proposamena berresteko argudio berria da. Zehazki, Bizkaiko ipar-mendebala proposatu zuen Lakarrak bildumako errefrauen jatorri gisa. Beste alde batetik, Bizkaiko ipar-mendebaleko euskararen zenbait ezaugarri baliatuta, Arrasateko erreketari buruzko zenbait kantu eremu horretan sortu zirela proposatzen dugu —zehazki, Butroeko (Gatika) dorretxearen inguruan—, hizkuntzari dagozkion argudioak historiari buruzkoekin osatuta.
[en] This research studies the evolution of the Chilean innovation and its role as a public tool which aims on competitiveness strengthening, so as its tendency towards decentralization. The analysis contextualizes the national innovation system and the regional innovation system, in addition to the programmes developed since year 2000 that have sought to provide the regional innovation system with autonomy and strength. In particular, the Programa Regional lead by CONICYT will be studied, also one of the regional innovation strategies that resulted from the Proyecto RED and the pilot programmes with the Comités de Desarrollo Productivo Regional. So that the regional innovation system can work out properly, it must respond to what the triple helix model demands, and there must be synergies among the institutions that put the system together. These institutions ought to hold the sufficient autonomy to carry out with their own projects, and one of these institutions must be leading the system. Due to the research done through interviews with invigorating agents within the innovation systems and through significant reports and statistics, it is pursued to inquire in to what extent does the Chilean regional innovation system hold the sufficient attributes to generate this competitiveness.

[eu] Ikerkuntza honek berrikuntza inguruan eman diren garapenak aztertzen ditu Txile kokagunetzat hartuz. Honen bilakaera lehiakortasuna bermatzen duen tresna publiko gisa bihurtuz eta deszentralizazioari dagokion grina aztertuko da baita ere. Ikerketak berrikuntza sistema nazional eta erregionalen testuinguruak finkatzen ditu 2000. urtetik aurrera suertatutako programak hausnartuz. Programa hauek erregioak autonomiaz eta sendotasunez bermatzea dute xedetzat. Zehatz mehatz, aztertuko direnak CONICYT-ek burututako Programa Regionala¸ Proyecto RED-eri esker prestatutako berrikuntza erregionalaren estrategia bat eta Comités de Desarrollo Productivo Regional-ek gauzatutako pilotu programak izango dira. Berrikuntza erregionalaren sistemek baliabide batzuk behar dituzte ondo funtzionatzeko. Esaterako, helize hirukoitz modelotik eskatzen denari erantzun behar da eta sistema eratzen duten erakundeen artean sinergiak eman behar dira. Erakunde hauek proiektu propioak burutzeko autonomiaren beharra daukate eta sistemako erakunde batek lider bezala jardun beharko luke. Lan honetan berrikuntza erregionalaren sistemek lehiakortasuna lortzeko behar duten baliabideak ze nolako neurrian betetzen diren aztertuko da, Txileko sisteman aritzen diren agenteekin suertatutako elkarrizketa eta beste txosten eta estatistiketaz abiatuz.
[en] Aeronautical industry has recently became in one of the most innovative sectors. One characteristic of this sector is that it demands a wide range of materials with unique properties, such as Ni-base superalloys MAR M247 and C1023, which are new materials that seem to have an ideal behavior for use in turbines. The aim of this project is to obtain in only one document all the information regarding not only theoretical information but empirical data. The project can be structured in two parts: researching the maximum quantity of information and making some experimental assays with samples.

[eu] aeronautika industria sektorerik berritzaileenetako bat bihurtu da azkenaldian. Sektore honek daukan ezaugarrienatariko bat hauxe da: aparteko propietateak dituen material sorta handia eskatzen duela, hala nola, MARM247 eta C1023 Ni base superaleazioek turbinetan erabiltzeko portaera ezin hobea daukatenak. Proiektu honen helburua dokumentu bakar batean material hauei buruz ahalik eta datu teoriko eta enpiriko gehien lortzea da. Proiektua bi zatitan zatitu daiteke: informazio ikerketa eta laginekin entseguak egitea.
[en] It is necessary to have a sense of direction when teaching child educaction, especially with concepts that are more abstract. Due to the union that maths and art has had in history, it could result beneficial to combine some concepts of maths with arte. Taking advantage of this connection between the two, students work on their feelings, creativity and basic notions of maths whilst personally interiorising geometric concepts. The project explained it is in classroms of 5 years old, putting in practice the concept of "near-far", and in this way, starting off with ordinary objects and finishing with Acrobatic Cosmology by Tamayo, from 3 dimensions to 2 dimensions.

[eu] Haur Hezkuntzan beharrezkoa da ikasketa prozesuari zentzua ematea, bereziki abstraktuagoak diren edukiei. Historian zehar izan duten loturagatik aproposa gerta daiteke matematika arte munduarekin eta arte munduko hainbat kontzeptuekin lotzea. Lotura honetaz baliatuz, ikasleek, sentimenduak, sormena eta nozio estetikoak landuko dituzte matematikako, bereziki geometriako edukiak barneratzen dituzten bitartean. Azaltzen den proiektua, 5 urteko gelan gauzatu da, hurbiletik-urrunera kontzeptua praktikan jarriz, ohiko objektuetatik hasi eta Tamayoren"Cosmología acrobática" obran bukatuz, 3 dimentsiotik, 2 dimentsiora.
[en] This work aims to address the headaches of the Spanish Crown in carrying out the conquest of the Indies by following strong religious and moral principles, acting in a manner completely atypical for the time. To do this, we will look linearly at the events that took place in this region, ranging from the creation of figures to govern the daily lives of the people to the extensive, refined, and deeply debated legislation generated under intense discussion in the highest echelons of the royal administration. Finally, we will delve, with the guidance of Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda and Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, into the event that marked a turning point in understanding wars: the Valladolid Debate.

[eu] Lan honen bidez, Espainiako Koroaren buruhausteei heldu nahi zaie, Indiak konkistatu zituelako, printzipio erlijioso eta moral sendoei jarraituz, eta garai hartarako guztiz ohiz kanpoko eran jokatu zuelako. Horretarako, leku honetan eman ziren gertakariak ikusiko ditugu linealki, eguneroko bizitza arautzeko irudiak sortzetik hasi eta administrazio errealeko instantzia gorenetan eztabaida biziaren ondorioz sortutako legeria zabal, araztu eta sakonki eztabaidatuetaraino. Azkenik, Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda eta Fray Bartolomé de las Casasen eskutik, gerrak ulertzeko lehen eta gero bat markatu zuen gertakarian murgilduko gara, Valladolideko Batzordean.
[en] In the Ancient Regime the wood was the center of life. Most activities turned round the wood during this period : human feedings, animals' food, hunting, the house heating, coal industry, buildings, the implement of farming, household and technique, navigation and so on. That is why the wood was so close to development of these activities. The rivalry between these activities and the wood was very big both in Gipuzkoa and Bizkaia. Nowadays, things have changed, for the wood hasn't got such and economic relevance. At the present, the interest towards the wood is centred on nature's preservation and its destruction.

[eu] Antzinako errejimenean basoa bizitzaren bizigunea zen.Garai honetan jarduera gehienak basoaren inguruan kokatzen ziren: gizakumeen elikadura, abereen janaria, ehiza,etxeko sua, ikatzaren industria,eraikinak, nekazaritza, etxeko eta teknika tresnak, ontzigintza, e.a. Horregati, basoak izan zuen bilakaera jarduera hauekin oso lotuta zegoen. Gipuzkoa eta Bizkaia jarduera hauen arteko eta basoaren inguruko aurkakotasuna bortitza baino bortitzagoa izan zuen. Egun, gauzak aldatu dira, basoak ez du ekonomiarekiko hainbeste garrantzirik. Momentu honetan basoarekiko interesa izadiaren kontserbatzioan eta suntsiketan datza
[en] The final grade project that has been developed in this document consists on the realization of a graphic interface that allows analyzing the precision, in the measurements of harmonics and interharmonics in voltage and current electrical signals, of different techniques that seek the synchronization of the sampling frequency with the fundamental frequency. Different techniques to estimate the fundamental frequency and different techniques of resampling that are applied to analytic signals of which fundamental frequency and harmonic content is known are studied. These processing techniques have as an objective to improve the measurements of the harmonic content by decreasing, through the synchronization of the sampling frequency, the error that is made due to the spectral dispersion that is caused by the windowing of signals.

[eu] Dokumentu honetan garatu den gradu amaierako lanak laginketa maiztasuna eta funtsezko maiztasunaren sinkronizazioa bilatzen duten tekniken prezisioa analizatzea , tentsio eta korronte seinale elektrikoen harmonikoen eta interharmonikoen neurketetan, ahalbidetzen duen interfaze grafiko baten garapena du helburu. Funtsezko maiztasuna estimatzeko teknikak eta seinale analitikoetara, non bere eduki harmonikoa baita funtsezko maiztasuna ezagunak dira, aplikaturiko birlaginketa teknikak aztertuko dira. Prozesatzeko teknika hauek eduki harmonikoen neurketetan hobetzea dute helburu, laginketa maiztasunaren sinkronizazioaren bitartez seinaleen leihoketak eragiten duen espektroaren dispertsioarengatik errorea gutxituz.
[en] The penal intervention against the xenophobia and the discrimination has "expanded" to face the new social coordinates of a greater rejection of the foreigner, the immigrant, the different one. After a commentary about the legislative history of the antidiscriminatory norms, it is examined the Compared Law as well as the international standards in this matter. Likewise, some critical conclusions related to the criminal policy Spanish model are commented, paying attention to the analysis of the provocation crime.

[eu] Arrazakeria eta xenofobiari aurre egiteko eman den interbentzio penala, zabaltzen ari da, hauen aurka gizartean koordenada berriak sortu bait dira atzerritarren eta inmigranteen aurka. Diskriminazioaren aurkako historian eman den legeria azaldu ondoren, zuzenbide konparatua aztertzen da, baita nazioartean gai honi buruz ematen diren ekintzak ere. Horri buruz, konklusio zorrotzak ateratzen dira espainiar politika kriminalari buruz, probokazio delituaren analisi zehatzago bat eginez.
[en] Parties are complex and changing political actors that have been adapting their organizational structures and strategies depending on the context in which they operate. Due to the need to understand the evolution of parties in recent decades, new analytical categories such as "challenger party" have emerged. In this article we focus on the review and reconstruction of the concept of "challenger party". Following the methodology set out by Giovanni Sartori, first of all, we will examine the problems that have arisen due to use. Secondly, we will try to investigate the etymological roots and the context in which the term arises. Thirdly, we will logically order the conceptualizations proposed to date, trying to find the common and cen-tral defining elements of the phenomenon. Something that will lead us to formulate a renewed conception of the concept

[eu] Alderdiak eragile politiko konplexu eta aldakorrak dira, eta testuinguruaren arabera, beren antolaketa-egiturak eta estrategiak egokitzen joan dira. Azken hamarkadetan alderdiek izan duten bilakaera ulertzeko beharra dela eta, kategoria analitiko berriak sortu dira, hala nola "alderdi desafiatzailea". Artikulu honetan, "alderdi desafiatzaile" kontzeptua berrikusi eta berreraiki nahi dugu. Giovanni Sartorik azaldutako metodologiari jarraituz, lehenik eta behin, erabileraren ondorioz sortu diren problematikak aztertuko ditugu. Bigarrenik, hitzaren erro etimologikoak eta jaiotze testuingurua aztertzen saiatuko gara. Hirugarrenik, orain arte proposatutako kontzeptualizazioak modu logikoan antolatuko ditugu, fenomenoa definitzen duten elementu komunak eta zentralak aurkitzen saiatuz. Prozesu honek kontzeptuaren ikuskera berritua formulatzera eramango gaitu.
[en] The demand for the generation of new spaces makes demolition necessary, which is why the generation of construction and demolition waste is more than remarkable. Due to the growing and urgent global environmental awareness, efficient practices in the management of these wastes have to be considered. The right direction to achieve the last one is to achieve the circularity of the materials from the design to its new destination as recycled material. The first step for the above, and what this project is about, is the digitalization of selective demolition to, among others, calculate the construction and demolition waste that will be generated. All this in order to maximize the circularity of the materials involved. In this project the possibilities of building digitalization are analysed, from the capture of reality to the generation of geometry, the possibilities of estimation or calculation of demolition waste are also analysed. After this, a solution for the digitization and calculation of generated construction and demolition waste is proposed and applied in a real case study for the first time. In this way, the calculation is compared with a method of estimation of CDW generation commonly used in demolition works in the Basque Country.

[eu] Espazio berriak sortzeko eskariaren ondorioz, beharrezkoa da eraistea; horregatik, eraikuntza eta eraispen-hondakinen sormena oso nabarmena da. Ingurumenarekiko mundu-mailako kontzientziazioa gorakorra eta premiazkoa denez, hondakin horien kudeaketan jarrera eraginkorragoak hartu behar dira. Azken hori lortzeko norabide egokia materialen zirkulartasuna lortzea da, diseinutik materialaren birziklapenararte. Aurrekoaren eta proiektu honetan aztertzen denaren lehen urratsa eraispen selektiboa digitalizatzea da, besteak beste, sortuko diren eraikuntza eta eraispen-hondakinen kalkulua egiteko. Hori guztia, materialen zirkulartasuna maximizatzeko. Proiektu honetan eraikinak digitalizatzeko aukerak aztertzen dira, errealitatea atzematetik hasi eta geometria sortzeraino, eta eraispen-hondakinak zenbatesteko edo kalkulatzeko aukerak ere aztertzen dira. Horren ondoren, sortutako eraikuntza eta eraispen-hondakinak digitalizatzeko eta kalkulatzeko irtenbide bat proposatzen da, azterketa kasu erreal batean lehen aldiz aplikatzen dena. Horrela, egindako kalkulua Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoan eraispen-lanetan erabili ohi den eraikuntza eta eraispen hondakinen sorrera zenbatespen-metodoarekin alderatzen da.
[en] In the judicial procedure, the technical aid to the judge to achieve an integral cosmovision of the criminal fact, its protagonists and the way to redress the injury, supposes an implicit call to the criminological expert. An adequate imbrication of him in the judicial field requires a reform in three levels: substantive, procedural and judicial. Pointed out the need of this global change, a study of the criminologists function is made in the light of the normative in force, in the field of the substantive Law as well as in the bosom of the procedural Law.

[eu] Prozesuan epaileari ekintza kriminalaren, horren protagonisten eta eragin den kaltea lehengoratzearen mundu-ikuskera integrala emateko laguntza teknikoa kriminologiazko adituari egiten zaion dei inplizitoa da. Aditu hori esparru judizialean era egokian murgiltzeak hiru maila dituen aldaketa behar du: materiala, auzibidezkoa eta judiziala. Aldaketa orokor hori beharrezkoa dela adierazi ondoren, indarreko legeriaren araberako kriminologoaren betebeharraren azterketa egin da, hala zuzenbide materialaren esparruan nola Auzibidezko Zuzenbidearen barruan.