BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: A game is a structured form of play, usually undertaken for entertainment or fun, and sometimes used as an educational tool. Games are distinct from work, which is usually carried out for remuneration, and from art, which is more often an expression of aesthetic or ideological elements. However, the distinction is not clear-cut, and many games are also considered to be work (such as professional players of spectator sports or games) or art (such as jigsaw puzzles or games involving an artistic layout such as Mahjong, solitaire, or some video games). Games are sometimes played purely for enjoyment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by professionals. The players may have an audience of non-players, such as when people are entertained by watching a chess championship. On the other hand, players in a game may constitute their own audience as they take their turn to play. Often, part of the entertainment for children playing a game is deciding who is part of their audience and who is a player. Key components of games are goals, rules, challenge, and interaction. Games generally involve mental or physical stimulation, and often both. Many games help develop practical skills, serve as a form of exercise, or otherwise perform an educational, simulational, or psychological role. Attested as early as 2600 BC, games are a universal part of human experience and present in all cultures. The Royal Game of Ur, Senet, and Mancala are some of the oldest known games.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: En el caso de los seres humanos, un juego es toda aquella actividad que realizan uno o más personas (llamadas jugadores) que, independientemente de su edad, su profesión/ocupación o su estatus social, emplean su imaginación o herramientas para crear una situación con un número determinado de reglas, con el fin de obtener o proporcionar entretenimiento y diversión. Existen juegos competitivos, donde los jugadores tienen que lograr un objetivo, y juegos no competitivos, donde los jugadores buscan simplemente disfrutar del entretenimiento de la actividad y diversión. Los juegos habitualmente se diferencian de los trabajos por el objeto de su realización. Sin embargo, en muchos casos estos no tienen una diferencia demasiado clara. Asimismo, el juego se utiliza como herramienta educativa, pues en la mayoría de los casos funcionan estimulando habilidades prácticas psicológicas. Además, los juegos suelen llevarse a cabo entre personas tanto de la infancia como en la adolescencia o en cualquier otra etapa de la vida. La primera referencia sobre juegos que existe es del año 3000 a. C. Los juegos se consideran parte de una experiencia humana y están presentes en todas las culturas. Probablemente, las cosquillas, combinadas con la risa, sean una de las primeras actividades lúdicas del ser humano, al tiempo que una de las primeras actividades comunicativas previas a la aparición del lenguaje.
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: The Kingdom of Aragon (Aragonese: Reino d'Aragón, Catalan: Regne d'Aragó, Latin: Regnum Aragonum, Spanish: Reino de Aragón) was a medieval and early modern kingdom on the Iberian Peninsula, corresponding to the modern-day autonomous community of Aragon, in Spain. It should not be confused with the larger Crown of Aragon, that also included other territories \" the Principality of Catalonia (which included the former Catalan Counties), the Kingdom of Valencia, the Kingdom of Majorca, and other possessions that are now part of France, Italy, and Greece \" that were also under the rule of the King of Aragon, but were administered separately from the Kingdom of Aragon. In 1479, upon John II of Aragonâ€™s death, the crowns of Aragon and Castile were united to form the nucleus of modern Spain. The Aragonese lands, however, retained autonomous parliamentary and administrative institutions, such as the Corts, until the Nueva Planta decrees, promulgated between 1707 and 1715 by Philip V of Spain in the aftermath of the War of the Spanish Succession, finally put an end to it.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: El Reino de Aragón fue un estado hispánico nacido en 1035 por la unión de los condados de Aragón, Sobrarbe y Ribagorza en la figura de Ramiro I. Se expandió hacia el sur y fue la base de la posterior Corona de Aragón. Por la unión de los Reyes Católicos se unió a la Corona de Castilla en el siglo XV, formando la Monarquía Española. En 1707, en el contexto de la guerra de Sucesión española, el rey Felipe V derogó sus fueros, abolió el Consejo de Aragón y eliminó la figura del virrey. Poco después desaparecerían el resto de instituciones propias, como el Justicia, la Diputación o las Cortes de Aragón y se aplicarían las Leyes de Castilla en lugar de las aragonesas. Estas medidas supusieron el fin de Aragón como reino autónomo, si bien continuaría considerándose una división territorial de España hasta 1833, cuando Javier de Burgos estableció la división territorial por provincias, suprimiendo la división por reinos.
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez (pseudonym Post-Thebussem) (born 1872 in Grazalema (Cádiz) - died 23 February 1935 in Madrid) was a Spanish writer, journalist, and gastronome. He has been called \"one of Spain's most authoritative food writers\" and was an early adopter of the term Hispanidad. His pen name, \"Post-Thebussem\", was chosen as a show of support for Mariano Pardo de Figueroa, who went by the handle \"Dr. Thebussem\".\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez (adoptó el seudónimo de Post-Thebussem) (Grazalema, 1872-Madrid, 23 de febrero de 1935) fue un escritor, periodista, polí­tico y gastrónomo español, fundador y primer director de la Revista Portuense, de El Puerto de Santa Marí­a, ciudad a la que se trasladarí­an sus padres con Dionisio con pocos meses, por lo que siempre afirmarí­a sentirse portuense. Fue considerado uno de los mejores articulistas de su tiempo y en todos sus artí­culos periodí­sticos empelaba apodos como: \"Pedro Recio de Tirteafuera\", \"Mí­nimo Español\", \"Amadeo de Castro\" o \"Martí­n Ávila\". íšnicamente cuando escribió sobre gastronomí­a empleó el sobrenombre \"Post-Thebussem\" intentando seguir el trabajo de Mariano Pardo de Figueroa (que se apodaba: Doctor Thebussem). Dionisio Pérez es un autor gastronómico que muestra por primera vez la idea de una cocina de España nacional compuesta por sus regiones.\"
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Don Diego de Castro Titu Cusi Yupanqui (1529 – 1571) was an Inca ruler of Vilcabamba and the penultimate leader of the Neo-Inca State. He was a son of Manco Inca Yupanqui, He was crowned in 1563, after the death of his half brother, Sayri Tupac. He ruled until his death in 1571, probably of pneumonia.\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"Titu Cusi Yupanqui o Titu Cussi Yupangui en quechua general (Cuzco, 1526 - Vilcabamba, 1570), fue el 3° monarca inca en el Reino de Vilcabamba, entre 1563 y 1570. Hijo natural de Manco Inca, su medio hermano Sayri Túpac, el 2°inca de Vilcabamba, decidió aceptar las condiciones ofrecidas por los españoles y renunciar al trono, por lo que Titu Cusi Yupanqui se convirtió en el nuevo gobernante del reino de Vilcabamba, un pequeño reducto inca que comprendía la propia ciudad de Vilcabamba así como las localidades de Vitcos y .​\"
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: Mineralogy is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy include the processes of mineral origin and formation, classification of minerals, their geographical distribution, as well as their utilization.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: La mineralogía es la rama de la geología que estudia las propiedades físicas y químicas de los minerales que se encuentran en el planeta en sus diferentes estados de agregación. Un mineral es un sólido inorgánico de origen natural, que presenta una composición química definida. Los minerales aportan al ser humano los elementos químicos imprescindibles para sus actividades industriales.
[en] Abstract from Wikipedia: "Sinibaldo de Mas i Sans (1809, Barcelona - 1868, Madrid) was a known Spanish government diplomat to Asia during the 19th century. An adventurer and a poet, he introduced photography in the Philippines in 1841. He was also a Spanish ambassador to Macau. He was also a supporter of Iberian Federalism, having proposed a combined flag."

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: "Sinibaldo de Mas y Sanz o Sinibald de Mas en catalán, (Barcelona 1809 - Madrid 1868), sinólogo, pintor, calígrafo, escritor, embajador, aventurero e intelectual iberista español, y unos de los pioneros de la fotografía."
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Diego Ortiz de Zúñiga (Seville, 1636 - September 3, 1680 ) was a Spanish historian, writer and nobleman. He wrote Annales eclesiásticos y seculares de la ciudad de Sevilla a work about the events in Seville from 1246 to 1671. Diego Ortiz de Zúñiga, born in Seville in 1636 and died in Seville on September 3, 1680, was a Spanish noble, historian of renown and Knight of the Order of Santiago, Venticuatro* of Seville for some years, author of the Secular and Ecclesiastical Annals of the very Noble and very Loyal City of Seville, Metropolis of Andalucia, a work in which he recounts the occurrences of the city from 1246 until 1671. Additionally he is the author of the Genealogical Discourse of the Ortizes of Seville and of the work Posterity of Juan de Céspedes, Trece* and Commander of the Order of Santiago Monastery.\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"Diego Ortiz de Zúñiga (Sevilla, 1636-ibídem, 3 de septiembre de 1680) fue un noble español, historiador de renombre, Caballero de la Orden de Santiago, Veinticuatro de Sevilla por algunos años, autor de los Annales Eclesiásticos y Seculares de la muy Noble y muy Leal Ciudad de Sevilla, Metrópoli de Andalucía, obra en la que recoge los acontecimientos de la ciudad desde 1246 hasta 1671. Asimismo es autor del Discurso Genealógico de los Ortizes de Sevilla y de la obra Posterioridad de Juan de Céspedes, Trece y Comendador de Monasterio en la Orden de Santiago.\"
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"José Veríssimo Dias de Matos (8 April 1857 – 2 December 1916) was a writer, educator, journalist, literary critic, and founding member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"José Veríssimo Días de Matos (Óbidos, 8 de abril de 1857 — Río de Janeiro, 2 de diciembre de 1916) fue un educador, periodista y estudioso de la literatura brasileña, principal ideólogo de la Academia Brasileña de Letras.\"
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: Colmenar Viejo is a town and municipality of about 48,614 inhabitants, located in the Community of Madrid, Spain, 30 kilometers north of Madrid on the M-607 motorway. It belongs to the comarca of Cuenca Alta del Manzanares.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: Colmenar Viejo es un municipio español de la Comunidad de Madrid, situado en el área metropolitana de la capital o en la comarca de la Cuenca Alta del Manzanares, dependiendo de las fuentes.​​ En 2018, Colmenar Viejo contaba con una población de 49 498 habitantes.​ Se encuentra situada a 35,5 km por carretera de la ciudad de Madrid.
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Maria Luisa of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) was Queen consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 by marriage to King Charles IV of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Philip, Duke of Parma, the fourth son of Philip V of Spain and Louise Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV.\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"María Luisa de Parma (Parma, 9 de diciembre de 1751-Roma, 2 de enero de 1819) fue reina consorte de España como esposa de Carlos IV, de quien era prima carnal por el lado paterno. Era nieta de Luis XV de Francia, hermana de Fernando I de Borbón-Parma y también prima carnal de los reyes franceses Luis XVI, Luis XVIII y Carlos X. Se la considera la última reina del Antiguo Régimen en España.\"
[en] Abstract form English Wikipedia: "Andrés de Olmos (c.1485 – 8 October 1571), Franciscan priest and extraordinary grammarian and ethno-historian of Mexico's Indians, was born in Oña, Burgos, Spain, and died in Tampico in New Spain (modern-day Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico). He is best known for his grammar, the first in the New World, of the Classical Nahuatl language."

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: "Andrés de Olmos (Oña, Burgos, circa 1485 - Tampico, Nueva España, 8 de octubre de 1571) fue un misionero franciscano conocido por su labor como filólogo del náhuatl, huasteco y totonaco."
[en] Abstract form English Wikipedia: "Comte Louis-Joseph-Alexandre de Laborde (17 September 1773 - 20 October 1842) was a French antiquary, liberal politician and writer, a member of the Académie des Sciences morales et politiques (1832), under the rubric political economy."<\blockquote>

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: "Alexandre Louis Joseph, marqués de Laborde, conde del Imperio, fue un escritor, viajero, anticuario y político francés, nacido en París el 17 de septiembre de 1773 y muerto en la misma ciudad el 20 de octubre de 1842."<\blockquote>
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Pedro Peralta y Barnuevo (Lima, 26 November 1663-30 April 1743) was an Enlightenment-era Peruvian mathematician, cosmographer, historian, scholar, poet, and astronomer, and was considered a polymath. He was rector of University of San Marcos in Lima. Peralta's parents were Spaniard Francisco Peralta Barnuevo and Magdalena E. Rocha Benavides from Lima. He was the brother of José de Peralta Barnuevo, Bishop of Buenos Aires. He studied Roman and canonical art and law at the University of San Marcos, from which he obtained the degree of doctor in canons and laws (1680-1686). Subsequently, he obtained the title of lawyer before the Royal Court (1686). He mastered Latin, Greek, French, Portuguese, Italian, English and Quechua, and had in his library works that reveal an all-embracing curiosity: grammar, poliorcetics, astronomy and metallurgy, among others. Upon the death of his father, he inherited from him the position of royal accountant of the Court of Audit. He also received income from his wife's landed estates. He became rector of the University of San Marcos in very difficult circumstances for the University in 1715 and 1716. He was a member of the Académie des sciences of Paris, because of his decision to collaborate in a very important Franco-Spanish geodesic expedition, and the head of the expedition, begun in 1735, was the French naturalist and geographer Charles Marie de la Condamine. It was sought (and was done after long and very careful work), determine the length of the meridian arc, and numerous observations of the nature of that area were also carried out. Spaniards Antonio de Ulloa and Jorge Juan participated as principals.\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo Rocha y Benavides (Lima, 26 de noviembre de 1663-Ibídem, 30 de abril de 1743) fue un astrónomo, poeta, erudito, sabio y polígrafo peruano. Fue rector de la Universidad de San Marcos. Dominó los siguientes idiomas: castellano, latín, griego, francés, portugués, italiano, inglés y quechua, y contaba en su biblioteca con obras que revelan una curiosidad omnímoda: gramática, poliorcética, astronomía y metalurgia, entre otras.\"
[en] Abstract from Wikipedia: "Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 May 1790 - 8 May 1842) was a French explorer, naval officer and rear admiral, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. As a botanist and cartographer he left his mark, giving his name to several seaweeds, plants and shrubs, and places such as D'Urville Island."

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: "Contralmirante Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (Condé-sur-Noireau, (Normandía), 23 de mayo de 1790 - Meudon, París, 8 de mayo de 1842), fue un oficial naval, geógrafo, explorador y recolector botánico francés que llevó a cabo varias expediciones a bordo de la corbeta Astrolabe por el Pacífico Sur y el Antártico, realizando campañas de exploración en Australia, Nueva Zelanda, Oceanía y la Antártida. Es recordado también por haber adquirido la Venus de Milo para el gobierno francés y por perecer, con su familia, en el primer accidente ferroviario francés en la localidad de Meudon."
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: \"Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (1549 - 28 March 1626 or 27 March 1625) was a chronicler, historian, and writer of the Spanish Golden Age, author of Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del mar Océano que llaman Indias Occidentales (\"General History of the Deeds of the Castilians on the Islands and Mainland of the Ocean Sea Known As the West Indies\"), better known in Spanish as Décadas and considered one of the best works written on the conquest of the Americas. It is worth noting that Herrera never visited or lived in any part of the Americas. Therefore his work was largely conjectural. He was Chief Chronicler of Castile and the Americas during the reigns of Philip II and Philip III. Cristóbal Pérez Pastor called him the \"prince of the historians of the Americas\". He is considered the most prolific historian of his era, and his works also include a general history of the world, a history of Portugal, and a description of the Americas. His output also features translations of works from Italian and Latin into Spanish, and a translation of his own Descripción de las Indias Occidentales (\"Description of the West Indies\") into Dutch. Herrera is not given much value by modern historians. A standard Spanish reference work describes him as \"an official historian, who was not impartial....[He was] an opportunist, a schemer, and greedy.... He plagiarized entire works which were unpublished at the time.... He had no interest in Native American civilization and therefore never dealt with it.\"\"

[es] Resumen biográfico extraído de Wikipedia en español: \"Antonio de Herrera y Tordesillas (Cuéllar, 1549-Madrid, 28 de marzo de 1626) fue un cronista, historiador y escritor del Siglo de Oro español, autor de la Historia general de los hechos de los castellanos en las Islas y Tierra Firme del mar Océano que llaman Indias Occidentales, conocida como Décadas y considerada una de las mejores obras escritas sobre la conquista de América. Fue Cronista Mayor de Castilla durante los reinados de Felipe II y Felipe III, y también de Indias. Cristóbal Pérez Pastor le atribuyó el sobrenombre de \"Prí­ncipe de los historiadores de Indias\". Está considerado el historiador más dilatado de su época, y su obra está compuesta también por una Historia General del Mundo, una de Portugal y una Descripción de Indias. También destaca en su obra la traducción de diferentes obras del italiano o el latí­n al castellano, e incluso se atrevió a traducir su obra Descripción de las Indias Occidentales al holandés. Es considerado el primer historiador español del Imperio de ultramar de España.\"
[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: Algebra (from Arabic: Ø§Ù"Ø¬Ø¨Ø±â€Ž al-jabr, meaning reunion of broken parts and bonesetting) is one of the broad parts of mathematics, together with number theory, geometry and analysis. In its most general form, algebra is the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols; it is a unifying thread of almost all of mathematics. It includes everything from elementary equation solving to the study of abstractions such as groups, rings, and fields. The more basic parts of algebra are called elementary algebra; the more abstract parts are called abstract algebra or modern algebra. Elementary algebra is generally considered to be essential for any study of mathematics, science, or engineering, as well as such applications as medicine and economics. Abstract algebra is a major area in advanced mathematics, studied primarily by professional mathematicians. Elementary algebra differs from arithmetic in the use of abstractions, such as using letters to stand for numbers that are either unknown or allowed to take on many values. For example, in the letter is unknown, but applying additive inverses can reveal its value: . In E = mc2, the letters and are variables, and the letter is a constant, the speed of light in a vacuum. Algebra gives methods for writing formulas and solving equations that are much clearer and easier than the older method of writing everything out in words. The word algebra is also used in certain specialized ways. A special kind of mathematical object in abstract algebra is called an algebra, and the word is used, for example, in the phrases linear algebra and algebraic topology. A mathematician who does research in algebra is called an algebraist.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: El álgebra (del árabe: الجبر al-ŷabr 'reintegración, recomposición')​ es la rama de la matemática que estudia la combinación de elementos de estructuras abstractas acorde a ciertas reglas. Originalmente esos elementos podían ser interpretados como números o cantidades, por lo que el álgebra en cierto modo originalmente fue una generalización y extensión de la aritmética.​​ En el álgebra moderna existen áreas del álgebra que en modo alguno pueden considerarse extensiones de la aritmética (álgebra abstracta, álgebra homológica, álgebra exterior, etc.).