[en] As in other sectors, the aim of reducing CO2 emissions in the aeronautical sector is determined by the international agreement from the Kyoto protocol (United Nations 1998). The main objective of this protocol is to achieve a reduction in gases that contribute towards the greenhouse effect, and which have a direct impact on global warming. Boosting engine performance is a line of research geared towards this reduction in emissions. The efficiency of an engine, in addition to being conditioned by its architecture, is also directly related to thermodynamic efficiency. The latter is limited by the materials used in the design of the engine core. The Inconel 718 is a nickel-based superalloy that allows this thermodynamic efficiency to be improved and, as a consequence, its use is reserved for manufacturing some of the components that form it, such as disks, housings, vanes, etc. It also has a great formability at room temperature, which can be improved through the use of intermediate annealing thermal treatments (IATT) between forming stages. On the other hand, we must also recognize that its elastic recovery is not negegible. Despite the difference between manufacturing rates in the aeronautical sector and the automotive sector, manufacturing concepts are currently being migrated from the automotive sector to the aeronautical sector with a view to reducing the manufacturing cost of each component. To do this, it is essential to predict the real behavior of the material using simulation software. After reviewing the literature relevant to this thesis, it has been observed that not only is there a lack of information on an advanced experimental characterization of Inconel 718, but there is also a gap in knowledge in terms of the modeling of the elastic behavior, along with the hardening, yielding, formability and coefficient of friction of Inconel 718 in cold deep-drawing processes. There are also no studies relating to the springback prediction, or the effect of the IATT on the springback and the formability of the Inconel 718. Due to this, firstly we have proceeded to profoundly characterize the material and then to model the parameters of the material and the deep-drawing process. xii ANÁLISIS DEL SPRINGBACK Y DE LA CONFORMABILIDAD DEL INCONEL 718 EN PROCESOS DE EMBUTICIÓN A TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE During the characterization and subsequent advanced modeling of the Inconel 718, in addition to the observed restoration capacity of the IATT in the material that has previously been stretched, the increase in formability it provides has also been observed. Interesting aspects have also been observed, including the need for a methodology for both measuring and calculating the Young's modulus and the apparent elastic modulus, as well as the atypical form of the evolution of the coefficient of friction as a function of pressure. This starts decreasing as the pressure increases but when it is around 10 MPa, an increase is seen instead of a consolidation. This last aspect in particular has not been possible to be modeled with the models implemented in the commercial simulation software. After the corresponding modeling of the material parameters and the cold deep-drawing process parameters, these models have been validated by comparing the experimental and numerical results obtained from the experimentation and simulation of the U-Drawing test, which is a specific test for studying springback. The accuracy of the prediction of basic numerical models and more advanced numerical models have been compared. It has been observed that the most advanced ones are the most suitable to predict the behavior of the Inconel 718 in deep-drawing processes at room temperature and that they are applicable both for the standard conditions of the material, and for the stretched and intermediate annealing thermally treated material.

[eu] Beste sektore batzuetan gertatzen den bezala, aeronautika sektoreko CO2 isurketen murrizketaren helburua Kyotoko (Nazio Batuak 1998) nazioarteko akordioaren eskutik emana dator. Honen helburu nagusia negutegi efektua areagotzen duten, eta ondorioz planetaren beroketan eragin zuzena duten gasen isurketak murriztea da. Motoreen errendimendua handitzen duten hobekuntzak lehen aipatutako helburuari lotuta dagoen ikerketa lerro bateri dagokio. Motore baten errendimendua, motorearen diseinu eta errendimendu termodinamikoarekin zuzenki lotuta dago. Azken ezaugarri hau, motorearen nukleoaren fabrikazioan erabilitako materialengatik mugatuta dago. Inconel 718 materiala, motore baten errendimendu termodinamikoa hobetzen duen nikel basedun superaleazio bat da. Hori dela eta, disko, karkasa, bano eta abarren fabrikaziora zuzendua dago. Gainera, giro tenperaturan konformazio ahalmen nabarmena dauka, eta fabrikazio prozesu baten konformazio etapen artean egindako suberaketa tratamendu termikoaren (STT) bitartez hobetu daiteke. Beste alde batetik, materialak daukan berreskuratze elastikoa kontutan hartzekoa da. Naiz eta automozio eta aeronautikako sektoreen arteko fabrikazio kadentzia ezberdina izan, gaur egun automozio sektoretik bereganatutako fabrikazio kontzeptuak aeronautikako sektorean aurki daitezke. Honen arrazoi nagusia, konponente bakoitzaren fabrikazio kosteen murrizketa da. Horretarako software simulazio bidezko materialaren portaera erreala aurrez ikustea ezinbestekoa da. Tesi honen garapenerako egindako literatur azterketaren ondoren, alde batetik Inconel 718 materialaren karakterizazio esperimental aurreratu baten falta dagoela ikusi da. Beste alde batetik, hotzean egindako enbutizio prozesuen materialaren portaera elastiko, gogortze, fluentzia, konformabilitate eta frikzio koefizientearen modelizazioari buruzko jakintza hutsarte bat dagoela ikusi da. Springback-aren aurre ikustearekin erlazioa duten ikerketarik ere ez da aurkitu. Ezta fabrikazio etapen arteko suberaketa tratamendu termikoak Inconel 718-aren springbackean eta konformabilitatean daukan eraginarekin zerikusia dutenik ere. Horregatik, lehendabizi materialaren karakterizazio aurreratuari ekin zaio eta ondoren materialaren eta enbutizio prozesuaren parametroen modelizazioari. xvi ANÁLISIS DEL SPRINGBACK Y DE LA CONFORMABILIDAD DEL INCONEL 718 EN PROCESOS DE EMBUTICIÓN A TEMPERATURA AMBIENTE Inconel 718 karakterizazioaren eta ostera egindako modelizazioaren bitartez, fabrikazio etapen arteko suberaketa tratamendu termikoak aldez aurretik deformaturiko materialean daukan leheneratze ahalmena eta eskeitzen duen konformabilitate handikuntza ikusi da. Beste ezaugarri garrantzitsu batzuk ere ikusi dira, hala nola Young moduluaren eta itxurazko modulu elastikoaren kalkulu edota modelizazioa burutzeko metodologia baten beharra. Materialaren frikzio koefizienteak presioarekiko erakusten duen ezohiko bilakaera ere atzeman da. Hasiera batean frikzio koefizientea txikitzen da presioa handitzen den einean, baina 10 MPa-eko presioaren inguruan, frikzio koefizientearen balioaren bermatze bat eman ordez, honen igoera antzematen da. Azken ezaugarri hau software komertzialetan inplementaturiko modeloen bitartez modelizatzea ezinezkoa da. Materialaren eta giro tenperaturan egindako enbutizioaren parametroen modelizazioaren ondoren, modelo horiek balioztatu dira. Horretarako esperimentalki eta simulazio bidez eginiko U-Drawing entseguaren emaitzak konparatu dira. Entsegu hau springback-a aztertzeko entsegu espezifiko bat da. Konparaketan modelo basiko eta aurreratuak materialaren portaera erreala aurre ikusteko duten ahalmena aztertu da. Aztertutako bi material egoeren portaera erreala aurre ikusteko, modelo aurreratuenak egokienak direla ikusi da.