[en] Educational evaluation, as the science of education, began to be developed and applied in Chile only starting from the sixties of the last century. Indeed, several Chilean educators were to his PhD to United States of America in these areas; among them are Mario Leyton and Erika Himmel, who specialized in curriculum and evaluation, through the approaches of Tyler and Bloom. Therefore, both were actively involved in the introduction into the country of two measurement systems: (1) selection for admission to the University, creating a standardized test, the academic aptitude test ?paa? which was established from 1967 and remained until 2002 and from 2003 to date was changed to the university selection test ?psu?; initially the paa contained only verbal and mathematical aptitude tests; knowledge tests were subsequently added specific (in mathematics, biology, physics, chemistry and Sciences social). (2) the measurement of achievements educational system school, both in basic education and medium from the 1970s with the called initially program of evaluation of educational achievement ?per? and, subsequently, with the system of measurement of the quality of the teaching ?simce?, which applies from 1988 until today, at the national level and at various levels of the school system: 4.? Basic, 8.? Basic and 2.? Medium, especially with tests of language and communication and mathematics. Both initiatives were directly involved Mario Leyton and Erika Himmel; the first to key positions in the Ministry of Education and the second as academic of the University of Chile and the Catholic University of Chile. Therefore, both have been recognized by the State with the National Prize of Sciences of Education in 2009 and 2011, respectively.

[es] La evaluaci?n educacional, como ciencia de la educaci?n, comenz? a desarrollarse y a aplicarse en Chile s?lo a partir de los sesenta del siglo pasado. En efecto, varios educadores chilenos fueron a doctorarse a Estados Unidos de Norteam?rica en esas materias; entre ellos se destacan Mario Leyton y Erika Himmel, quienes se especializaron en curr?culum y evaluaci?n principalmente, a trav?s de los planteamientos de Tyler y Bloom. Por lo mismo, ambos participaron activamente en la introducci?n en el pa?s de dos sistemas estandarizados de medici?n: (1) El sistema de selecci?n para el ingreso a la universidad, creando una prueba estandarizada, la Prueba de Aptitud Acad?mica ?paa?, la cual se estableci? a partir de 1967 y se mantuvo hasta el 2002 y desde el 2003 a la fecha se cambi? a Prueba de Selecci?n Universitaria ?psu?; inicialmente la paa conten?a s?lo las pruebas de aptitud verbal y matem?tica; posteriormente se agregaron pruebas de conocimientos espec?ficos (en matem?tica, biolog?a, f?sica, qu?mica y ciencias sociales). (2) La medici?n de los logros educacionales del sistema escolar, tanto en la educaci?n b?sica como media, a partir de la d?cada del 70 con el denominado inicialmente Programa de Evaluaci?n del Rendimiento Escolar ?per? y, posteriormente, con el Sistema de Medici?n de la Calidad de la Ense?anza ?simce?, el cual se aplica desde 1988 hasta hoy, a nivel nacional y en diversos niveles del sistema escolar: cuartos b?sicos, octavos b?sicos y segundos medios, especialmente con pruebas de lenguaje y comunicaci?n y matem?tica. En ambas iniciativas participaron directamente Mario Leyton y Erika Himmel; el primero en puestos claves del Ministerio de Educaci?n y la segunda como acad?mica de la Universidad de Chile y de la Universidad Cat?lica de Chile. Por lo mismo, ambos han sido reconocidos por el Estado con el Premio Nacional de Ciencias de la Educaci?n en el 2009 y 2011, respectivamente.