[en] The comparative analysis of three legal systems (United States of America, Spain and Portugal) carried out in this PhD work, around the legal concept of Compulsory Penalty in Labor Law, was unprecedented (and, consequently, original), both in the Portuguese and in the Spanish labor doctrine. This originality is amplified by the circumstance that the comparison made opposes a legal order of "Common law", as the North American, to two legal orders of Roman-Germanic matrix or continental "Civil Law", like the Portuguese and the Spanish. The issue addressed in this PhD work constitutes one of the structural pillars of the entire rule of law: how to effectively overcome the resistance of the sentenced party in a labor lawsuit to comply with the condemnatory judicial decision which the sentenced party dared to challenge. There is a radical contrast between the sanctions applied in the United States of America for "contempt of court" (punitive, coercive and compensatory, without maximum limits to which the American courts must be subject, when imposing such restrictions) not only with the so-called "Apremios pecunários" (penalty payment for not complying with a court decision), executives and non-executives in Spain, but also with the "sanção pecuniária compulsória" (penalty payment for not complying with a court decision) in Portugal, in its two most typical variants (judicial and legal or automatic). The comparative legal methodology specifically used in the present PhD work, anchored in the identification of structures that allow the extraction of relevant comparative results (presented in the twenty scientific conclusions, which were reached in this PhD work, written in Portuguese and in Spanish), allowed to extend the comparison made to other legal systems in addition to the three mentioned, and which were taken into account, in the last century, by the Portuguese scientific doctrine responsible for creating in Portugal the "sanção pecuniária compulsória" (more specifically, the French, German and British legal systems).

[gl] A análise comparativa a tres bandas (norteamericana, española e portuguesa) realizada neste traballo de tese de doutoramento, en relación coa institución do apremio pecuniario laboral, ten un carácter rigorosamente inédito (e, consecuentemente, orixinal) non só na doutrina científica laboralista portuguesa, senón tamén na doutrina científica laboralista española. Esta orixinalidade magnifícase polo feito de que a comparación realizada fai referencia a un sistema de "common law", como o norteamericano, por un lado, e a dous sistemas de "Dereito civil" romano-xermánicos ou continentais, como o Portugués e o español, por outro lado. O asunto abordad nesta tese de doutoramento ten que ver directamente cun dos piares estruturais de todo o Estado de Dereito, referíndose a como vencer efectivamente a resistencia dun condenado nos procesos laborais a cumprir a resolución xudicial condenatoria do mesmo, e que o devandito condenado atreveuse a desafiar. A este respecto, contrastan radicalmente as sancións norteamericanas por "desacatao á corte" (punitivas, coercitivas e compensatorias, carentes de teitos ou topes máximos que deban cumprir os tribunais norteamericanos ao impoñer tales restricións) non só cos apremios pecuniarios laborais españois, executivos e non executivos, senón tamén coa chamada sanción pecuniaria compulsoria existente en Portugal, coas súas dúas variantes máis típicas (isto é, a xudicial e a legal ou automática). A concreta metodoloxía xurídica comparatista empregada nesta tese de doutoramento, ancorada na identificación de estruturas que permitisen extraer froitos comparatistas relevantes (concretados nas vinte conclusións científicas, nas que precipitou este traballo de doutoramento, redactadas en portugués e en castelán), permitiu estender a comparación efectuada a outros ordenamentos laborais distintos dos tres citados, pero tidos en conta pola doutrina científica portuguesa do século pasado, pioneira no tratamento xurídico en Portugal do tema da sanción pecuniaria compulsoria (máis en concreto, os ordenamentos francés, alemán e británico).