[en] Abstract from English Wikipedia: Sociology is the study of society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture that surrounds everyday life. It is a social science that uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about social order and social change. Sociology can also be defined as the general science of society. While some sociologists conduct research that may be applied directly to social policy and welfare, others focus primarily on refining the theoretical understanding of social processes. Subject matter can range from micro-level analyses of society (i.e., of individual interaction and agency) to macro-level analyses (i.e., of systems and the social structure). Traditional focuses of sociology include social stratification, social class, social mobility, religion, secularization, law, sexuality, gender, and deviance. As all spheres of human activity are affected by the interplay between social structure and individual agency, sociology has gradually expanded its focus to other subjects and institutions, such as health and the institution of medicine; economy; military; punishment and systems of control; the Internet; education; social capital; and the role of social activity in the development of scientific knowledge. The range of social scientific methods has also expanded, as social researchers draw upon a variety of qualitative and quantitative techniques. The linguistic and cultural turns of the mid-20th century, especially, have led to increasingly interpretative, hermeneutic, and philosophic approaches towards the analysis of society. Conversely, the turn of the 21st century has seen the rise of new analytically, mathematically, and computationally rigorous techniques, such as agent-based modelling and social network analysis. Social research has influence throughout various industries and sectors of life, such as among politicians, policy makers, and legislators; educators; planners; administrators; developers; business magnates and managers; social workers; non-governmental organizations; and non-profit organizations, as well as individuals interested in resolving social issues in general. As such, there is often a great deal of crossover between social research, market research, and other statistical fields.

[es] Resumen extraído de Wikipedia en español: La sociología es la ciencia social que se encarga del análisis científico de la sociedad humana o población regional. Estudia los fenómenos colectivos producidos por la actividad social de los seres humanos, dentro del contexto histórico-cultural en el que se encuentran inmersos. En la sociología se utilizan metodologías de investigación interdisciplinarias para el análisis e interpretación, desde diversas perspectivas teóricas, de las causas y significados que motivan la aparición de diversas tendencias de comportamiento social. Mientras algunos sociólogos realizan investigaciones que pueden aplicarse directamente a la política social y el bienestar, otros se centran en refinar la comprensión de los procesos sociales. Abarca desde el nivel de microsociología de la interacción y las organizaciones, hasta el nivel macro de los sistemas y la estructura social. Los diferentes enfoques tradicionales de la sociología incluyen estratificación social, clase social, movilidad social, religión, secularización, derecho, género y desviación social. Como todas las esferas de la actividad humana se ven afectadas por la interacción entre la estructura social y la agencia individual, la sociología ha ampliado gradualmente su enfoque a otros temas, como ambiente, salud, economía, instituciones penales, Internet, educación y el conocimiento científico, entre otros. Los orígenes de la sociología están asociados a los nombres de Ibn Jaldún, Karl Marx, Henri de Saint-Simon, Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, í‰mile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Talcott Parsons, Ferdinand Tí¶nnies, Vilfredo Pareto, Max Weber, Alfred Schí¼tz, Harriet Martineau, Beatrice Webb y Marianne Weber. Algunos de los sociólogos más destacados del siglo XX han sido Talcott Parsons, Erving Goffman, Walter Benjamin, Herbert Marcuse, Wright Mills, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, Niklas Luhmann y Jí¼rgen Habermas. En la actualidad, los análisis y estudios más innovadores de los comportamientos sociales corren a cargo de autores como George Ritzer, Anthony Giddens, Zygmunt Bauman, Ulrich Beck, Alain Touraine, Manuel Castells, Slavoj Å½iÅ¾ek, Franí§ois Houtart, entre otros.