[en] The aim of the present work is to carry out a monographic study of a typological and constructive nature focused on the envelope walls of traditional architecture, in order to analyse the energy and thermal behaviour of different construction solutions that are usually implemented on these walls. Since the idea was to detail as much as possible all the variables related to the characterisation of traditional walls and their subsequent simulation, the scope of the study was narrowed down to the district of Ferrol Vello, the place where the city of Ferrol was born and, in my opinion, which to this day remains one of the worst conserved historical centres in Galicia, and therefore one of those offering the greatest possibilities of intervention. The study seeks to provide a detailed and progressive approach, starting with the characterization of the envelope walls in Ferrol Vello, and defining for this purpose the local architectural types, which are in turn shaped by history and urban evolution, as well as by the general climate and the urban microclimate. Finally, the state of conservation and common pathologies affecting these walls are also analysed. In a second phase, all this information on the constructive, historical, pathological and climatic characterization is taken into consideration in energetic and thermal simulations performed on different constructive solutions that are usually applied to traditional walls in modern days. The ultimate objective is to understand the thermal functioning of these traditional walls, to analyse possible improvements to them, in different circumstances of orientation or presence of galleries, and to establish intervention criteria consistent with sustainability and traditional construction.

[gl] O obxecto deste traballo é realizar un estudo monográfico de carácter tipolóxico e construtivo centrado nos muros de envolvente da arquitectura tradicional, coa finalidade de analizar o comportamento enerxético e térmico de distintas solucións construtivas que adoitan realizarse, de forma habitual, sobre estes muros. Coa idea de detallar ao máximo todas as variables relacionadas coa caracterización dos muros tradicionais e a súa posterior simulación, decidiuse circunscribir o ámbito de estudo ao barrio de Ferrol Vello, o lugar onde nace a cidade e que, na miña opinión, mantense como un dos centros históricos peor conservados e con máis posibilidades de intervención de Galicia. O traballo busca un achegamento detallado e progresivo, comenzando pola caracterización dos muros de envolvente en Ferrol Vello, definindo para iso os tipos arquitectónicos locais, determinados á súa vez, pola historia e evolución urbana, así como polo clima xeral e o microclima urbano. Finalmente, analízase o estado de conservación e as lesións máis habituais sobre estes muros. Nunha segunda fase, toda esta información de caracterización construtiva, histórica, patolóxica e climática emprégase na realización de simulacións enerxéticas e térmicas sobre distintas solucións construtivas que se adoitan aplicar aos muros tradicionais. O obxectivo final é comprender o funcionamento térmico dos muros tradicionais, analizar posibles melloras nos mesmos, en distintas circunstancias de orientación ou presenza de galerías, e establecer uns criterios de intervención coherentes coa sustentabilidade e a construción tradicional.