[en] The geographic information required to implement precision viticulture applications in real fields has led to the extensive use of remote sensing and airborne imagery. While advantageous because they cover large areas and provide diverse radiometric data, they are unreachable to most of medium-size Spanish growers who cannot afford such image sourcing. This research develops a new methodology to generate globally-referenced vigor maps in vineyards from ground images taken with a camera mounted on a conventional tractor. This monocular camera was able to sense in the visible, NIR, and UV spectra, selectively isolated with bandpass filters. The versatility of the system was further enhanced by implementing two sampling levels: intensive coverage of 1 m2 and super-intensive for 0.1 m2. The core of the procedure resides in the algorithm for automatically segmenting the filtered images in such a way that relative differences in canopy vigor were objectively quantified. The calculation of the dynamic threshold involved the mathematical concepts of gradient and curvature. Field results showed that relative differences in vine vigor can be detected from NIR-filtered images and intensive sampling. Furthermore, individual images were successfully merged into a global vigor map that can be directly employed by end-users. Super-intensive sampling and UV perception were not appropriate for building vigor maps, but could be of interest for other agronomical purposes as the early detection of diseases. Field tests proved the feasibility of building global vigor maps from ground-based imagery, and showed the potential of this technique as a predictive instrument for modest-size producers.

[es] La informaci&oacute;n requerida para implementar aplicaciones de viticultura de precisi&oacute;n en parcelas reales ha desembocado en el uso extensivo de la teledetecci&oacute;n y la detecci&oacute;n a&eacute;rea. Si bien estos m&eacute;todos son ventajosos por cubrir vastas &aacute;reas y proveer diversa informaci&oacute;n radiom&eacute;trica, suelen ser inalcanzables para el productor espa&ntilde;ol medio debido a los gastos ocasionados. Esta investigaci&oacute;n desarrolla una nueva metodolog&iacute;a para generar mapas de vigor con referencias globales basados en im&aacute;genes digitales tomadas con una c&aacute;mara montada sobre un tractor convencional y con capacidad para percibir en el espectro visible, infrarrojo cercano (NIR) y ultravioleta (UV). Para hacer el sistema m&aacute;s vers&aacute;til se analizaron dos niveles de muestreo: intensivo (1 m2 de cobertura vegetal) y super-intensivo (0,1 m2 de cobertura). El n&uacute;cleo de la metodolog&iacute;a propuesta se basa en el algoritmo de segmentaci&oacute;n de im&aacute;genes para cuantificar autom&aacute;ticamente diferencias en vigor vegetativo. El c&aacute;lculo del umbral din&aacute;mico se fundamenta en los conceptos matem&aacute;ticos de gradiente y curvatura. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que es posible cuantificar diferencias en vigor vegetativo de vi&ntilde;as utilizando el rango espectral del NIR con un muestreo intensivo. El muestreo super-intensivo y la banda espectral UV no resultaron adecuados para esta aplicaci&oacute;n, aunque pueden aportar informaci&oacute;n clave en otras aplicaciones agron&oacute;micas. Las pruebas de campo demostraron la viabilidad de generar mapas georreferenciados de vigor desde veh&iacute;culos convencionales, y mostraron el potencial de esta t&eacute;cnica como instrumento predictivo para explotaciones de tama&ntilde;o medio.