BSC-LT/ACAData huggingface dataset:
[en] In this paper, we present a review of the available information about the first agro-pastoral communities which occupied the Central Pyrenees, between the 6th and the 5th millennium cal BC. Our aim is to discuss some aspects related to the paleoeconomical behaviours of such first settlers, with particular attention to two relevant productive activities: hunting and crop-husbandry. Both are frequently claimed to be used in mountainous areas in integration to domestic animal herding. However, to which extent both economic processes were carried out at midand high-altitudes? Do were they intensively or marginally practiced? Which was their role within the overall economic system? In this review, we will take in consideration all the available information in the Pyrenean sites; however, most of them have been only partially or fragmentarily published. Our results suggest that both activities were only marginally practiced in the mountainous areas of the Pyrenees. Despite both hunting and crop-husbandry can be considered everyday activities, commonly represented within the archaeological records of the period, they do not appear to be intensively carried in at higher altitudes. Hunting appears only occasionally practiced as a secondary source of food gathering. Neolithic groups occupying the mid- and high-altitude of the Pyrenees do not seem to rely on hunting more than the communities settled at lower altitude; on the contrary the consumption of wild games appears, generally, lower. For what concern crop-husbandry, on the basis of the available data, we must conclude that there are no clear evidences that cereal cultivation has been carried out at mountain altitude, at least during Early Neolithic. Despite that, the archaeological record testifies the consumption of agricultural provisions -carried into the site from elsewhere and not produced or processed locally- in several cave-sites located at mountain and subalpine altitudes. This pattern suggests that, in the mountainous areas of the Central Pyrenees, crops were mainly exploited as integrative alimentary sources

[eu] Lan honetan, nekazaritako eta artzaintzako taldeek Erdialdeko Pirinioetako erdi mailako mendietan eta goi-mendietan egindako lehen okupazioei buruz eskuragarri dauden ebidentzien inguruko berrikusketa egingo dugu. Zehatzago esanda, bi jarduera ekonomiko esanguratsutan oinarrituko gara: ehiza eta zerealen laborantza. Gure helburua bi jarduera horiek Neolitikoko lehen biztanleen sistema ekonomikoaren baitan izan zuten rola eta sistema baitan nola txertatu ziren ulertzea da. Gure emaitzen arabera, ehiza oso gutxi egin zuten; aldiz, nekazaritzarekin lotuta, zerealen kontsumoaren inguruko ebidentziak bakarrik ditugu, baina oraingoz ez dugu erdi mailako mendiko eta goi-mendiko eremuetan halakoak egin izanaren inguruko zantzurik. Testuinguru hori ikusita, nekazaritza eta artzaintzako komunitate mugigarriak izan zirela esan dezakegu. Nahiko zabala zen lurraldean mugitzen ziren beren jarduera ekonomikoak garatzeko eta baliabide ugariak ustiatzeko
[en] This paper sets out to explore the possibility as well as the impossibility of representing a seemingly untranslatable term: jianghu, which literally means "rivers and lakes" in the Chinese language. The paper discusses how the term evolves almost like an organic entity of its own, stretching from Chinese literature, cinema to the everyday use of the term as slangs and idioms. By looking at how the term is translated from one language to another, from an ancient context to a (post)modern context, and further away from one generation to another, this paper attempts to study the process of adaptation and translation beyond a linguistic scope, but towards a broader field of literary, cultural and film studies. The paper also examines how the process of translating, adapting and imagining jianghu can be deemed a manifestation of the Derridian concept of "supplementarity".

[eu] Artikulu honek itzulezina omen den termino bat adierazteko posibilatea edo ezintasuna ikertzea du helburu, jianghu terminoa alegia, txineraz hitzez hitz "ibaiak eta lakuak" esan nahi duena. Artikuluan zehar terminoa bere baitango entitate organiko bat bailitzan nola eboluzionatu duen aurkezten da. Izan ere, txinatar literatura eta zinematik eguneroko hizkuntzako argot eta esamoldeetara hedatu da. Terminoa hizkuntza batetik bestera, antzinako testuingurutik testuinguru (post)modernora eta, are gehiago, belaunaldi batetik bestera itzultzeko moduari erreparatuta, artikuluak moldaketa eta itzulpen prozesua ikertzen du eremu linguistikoaz haratago, literatura, kultura eta zine ikasketen arloei begira. Horrez gain, jianghu terminoaren itzulpen, moldatze eta iruditze prozesua Derridak aurkeztutako "osagarritasuna" kontzeptuaren adierazpentzat har daitekeela azaltzen da.
[en] This text provides an overview of the new social movements in Europe, emerged in this phase of crisis and transition between two eras. Social movements characterized by new organizational forms, less stable and hierarchical; more transgressive and confrontational; less tied to institutions, parties or unions; more critical of conventional politics and politicians. Movements that inspire mobilizing events and dynamics that cannot be explained without the existence of the Internet and its information and communication derivatives that allow new kinds of connective actions. The rise in Europe and elsewhere of these new processes of social mobilization not only invites us to give new answers to new and old problems, but also forces us to rethink the questions.

[eu] Testuan, krisialdi eta bi aroren arteko trantsizio garai honetan sortutako Europako gizarte mugimendu berrien ikuspegi orokorra ageri da. Antolakuntza forma berriak ezaugarri dituzten gizarte mugimendu batzuk, egonkortasun eta hierarkikotasun txikiagokoak; urratzaileagoak eta borrokatzaileagoak; erakundeei, alderdiei edo sindikatuei ez hain lotuak; politika eta politiko konbentzionalekin kritikoagoak. Internet eta haren informazio nahiz komunikazio eratorriak izango ez balira (mota berri bateko konexio ekintzak ahalbidetzen baitituzte) ezinezkoak liratekeen gertaeren eta mobilizazio dinamiken inspirazio diren mugimendu batzuk. Europan eta munduko beste toki batzuetan gizarte mobilizazioko prozesu berri horiek agertzeak, arazo berri eta zaharretarako erantzun berriak iradoki ez ezik, galderak bestela egitera behartu ere egiten gaituzte.
[en] Traditionally, Gypsies in general have always had to face up situations of discrimination and marginalization, but it is the Gypsy women who have suffered them most, since they have been subject to a threefold exclusion, being disciminated on the basis of gender, ethnic group and education. The difficulties they encounter every day in the labour market, are a clear example. Different Gypsy associations have proposed many options for overcoming those obstacles, which requires the involvement of the Gypsy women. In this context, the dialogical feminism is helping to transform sexual and racial inequalities by including, on an equal basis, the voices of the Gypsy women into the feminist discourse. The changes that those women are making in areas such as education and work so as to fight against male chauvinistic prejudices and male domination, are the advantage of the whole community. And that's why they are considered to be the promoters of the transformation of their people.

[eu] Ijitoen komunitatean ohi bezala diskriminazio- eta bazterketa-egoerei aurre egin izan badie, emakumezko ijitoak, gainera, egoera horiek bereziki jasan ditu bazterketa hirukoitzaren menpe izateagatik: sexuaren, etniaren eta prestakuntzaren ondoriozkoak, alegia. Emakumezko ijitoek egunean-egunean lan-merkatuan sartzeko aurkitzen dituzten eragozpenak aipatutakoaren adibide argia dira. Ijitoen asoziazismoa eman denetik muga horiek gainditzeko aukera ugari proposatzen dihardute, eta, eginkizun horretan, emakumezko ijitoek garrantzi handia dute. Testuinguru horretan, elkarrizketetan oinarri duen feminismoa sexuaren eta etniaren ondoriozko ezberdintasuna eraldatzen laguntzen ari da, emakumezko ijitoen iritziak feminismoaren diskurtsoan berdintasun-mailan sartuta. Izan ere, aurreiritzi matxisten eta gizonezkoek duten menerapenaren aurka, emakumezko ijitoek irakaskuntza nahiz lana bezalako eremuetan burutzen ari diren eraldaketa euren herriaren mesederako da. Horrela da, beraz, emakumezko ijitoa komunitate osoa eraldatzeko eragilean bihurtzeko modua.
[en] This article proposes the idea of the "Pseudofeminisation" of journalism in Spain in opposition to the hypothesis of Feminisation. Feminisation has been a dominant idea in the sociology of news in Spain for explaining the role of women journalists over the last fifteen years. Instead, research carried out by the authors for the Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya demonstrates the weakness of this hipothesis because: a) a lot of women leave journalism before their forties; b) their job in the newsroom generally involves less responsibility than the staff positions; c) there are a lot of women working in communication sectors with lower social influence or that are peripheral; and d) their professional careers lead them to occupy positions that are less visible but much more compatible with their private life.

[eu] Artikulu hau Col·legi de Periodistes de Catalunya delakoarentzat egindako ikerketa baten materialean oinarritzen da.Emakumea Espainiako kazetaritza-ren lanean nola sartzen den aztertu ondoren, lanbidearen feminizazioaren hipotesi nagusiari aurre egiten dio, eta pseudo-feminizazioaz hitz egitea hobe dela defendatzen du. Datu horien arabera a) emakume askok lanbidetik alde egiten dute, b) erantzukizun eskaseko lanpostuak betetzen dituzte, c) perife-rikotzat hartzen diren sektoreetan presentzia handiagoa dute eta d) haien lanbide-ibilbideetan hain ikusgarria ez baina bizitza pribatuarekin bateragarriagoak diren lanbide-esparruetarako aldaketak egiten dituzte.
[en] This work contains a panoramic review of the empirical literature related to the operation of the boards of directors in Spanish companies, with special attention being paid to the establishment of systems of remuneration. The emphasis is centred on the use of such mechanisms as systems to control directors. This panorama is used to locate results obtained in the international context and then, based on such a comparison, suggest new lines of research. This work also concludes with a series of proposals related to the political framework or proposals of general interest. There are also some proposals that refer to the particular action framework in each company.

[eu] Idazlan honek Espainiako enpresen administrazio kontseiluen funtzionamendua landu duen literatura enpirikoaren azterketa panoramikoa egin du, arreta berezia ordaintzeko sistemak ezartzeko moduan jarri delarik. Enfasia mekanismo horiek zuzendariak kontrolatzeko sistema gisa erabiltzean jarri da. Panorama hori lortutako emaitzak nazioarteko testuinguruan kokatzeko erabili da eta, alderaketa horretan oinarrituta, ikerketa bide berriak iradokitzeko. Artikuluaren amaieran, zenbait proposamen eskaini dira politikaren edo interes orokorreko jarduketa markoarekin eta enpresa bakoitzaren berariazko jarduketa markoarekin lotura dutenak.
[en] This essay goes in a critical manner through the different stages of elaborating a theory, a methodology and a canon for what we nowadays call literary studies. In this sense, the first step of this "journey" is a record of the sources of this journey expressed as a symptom of modernity during the first half of the nineteenth century. During the second step, which is the analysis, we show from different points of view the problem-antithesis often seen in the coined categories. The third step, the decisive one, is given by an attempt at critical evaluation of this course and the discovery of some gaps that, in our opinion, contain the lectures of a theoretical reflection that seems to have been in limbo as from the second half of the twentieth century. The title <Counterpoint> tries to illustrate both antithetical and synthetic character of our subject.

[eu] Saiakera honetan ibilbide kritikoa egingo dugu gaur egun ikasketa literarioak deitzen diogunaren teoria, metodologia eta kanona osatzeko etapa desberdinetatik. Zentzu honetan, lehen urratsa modernitate sintoma gisa XIX mendearen lehen erdian azaltzen den bidaia honen iturrien erregistroa egitea izango da. Analisian - bigarren urratsa -, eraikitako kategorien problematika, eta askotan antitesia, aurkeztuko da ikuspegi desberdinetatik. Hirugarren urratsean - urrats erabakigarria-, ildo hauen balorazio kritiko bat egiten saiatuko gara, eta gure iritzian XX mendearen bigarren erdian pausatua geratu den hausnarketa teorikoaren ikasgai magistralen zirrikituak azalduko ditugu. Izenburuak, "Kontrapuntua", gure gaiaren izaera antitetiko eta aldi berean sintetikoa adierazten du
[en] The aim of this paper is to propose some reflections about the recent labour dynamics in the Spanish economy under labour market segmentation theory. From this perspective, the problems and the status in the labour market are due to a combination of factors related to business management practices rather by market dynamics or contractual arrangements. From our point of view it is necessary to overcome the restricted analytical framework of conventional economic approach and introduce other dimensions going further for a better understanding of labour problems. In this sense, we consider key aspects the production structure, business strategies and institutional framework in which the economic activity is taking place.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, Espainiako ekonomiaren azkenaldiko dinamikari buruzko zenbait gogoeta plazaratzen dira, lan-segmentazioari analitikoki begiratuta. Ikuspegi horren arabera, hainbat faktore dago, enpresa-kudeaketaren jarduerarekin zerikusia duena eta lan-merkatuaren egoera eta arazoak azaltzeko balio duena; arazook ez daude hain lotuta, beraz, merkatu barruko lehia mugatzen duen araudira edo kontratu-modalitateetara. Gure ondorioa da, arazo laboralak hobeto ulertuko baditugu, orain arteko betiko ikuspegi ekonomikoa analisi-marko mugatua dela, gainditu beharra dagoela, eta beste dimentsio batzuk kontuan hartu, merkatua baino haratago. Alde horretatik, badira giltzarri batzuk: ekoizpen-egitura, enpresa-estrategiak eta erakundeek eratzen duten esparrua, zeinetan gauzatzen baita jarduera.
[en] To what extent can direct support and tax incentives for business R&D reach the goal of increasing private investment in knowledge? Is reception of each type of support related to the potential market failures that justify their existence? Do the same firms benefit from them over time or is there renewal? We analyze two data sets of Spanish industrial companies and find that there are significant differences between the variables that influence access to tax deductions and to direct support. We also detect a high level of persistence in their use. These findings call into question the effectiveness of these instruments, as designed, in stimulating more innovation, especially in the case of tax incentives, if they are not conducted jointly with other, complementary policies.

[eu] Zer neurriraino bete dezakete zuzeneko laguntzek eta enpresetako I+Grako pizgarri fiskalek jakintzaren arloko inbertsio pribatuaren helburua? Lotuta al dago bi laguntzak jasotzea haiek existitzea justifikatzen duten merkatuaren balizko akatsekin? Enpresa berek baliatzen al dituzte tresna horiek denboran zehar? Espainiako industria-enpresei buruzko bi datu-base erabilita, gure ikerketan aurkitu dugu desberdintasun nabarmenak daudela kenkari fiskaletarako eta zuzeneko laguntzatarako sarbidean eragiten duten aldagaien artean. Horretaz gain, haien erabileran jarraikitasun handia antzeman dugu. Gure emaitzek zalantzan jartzen dute berrikuntza handiagoa sustatzeko tresna horien eraginkortasuna, bereziki pizgarri fiskalena, ez datozenean politika osagarriez lagunduta.
[en] This paper presents the results of the archaeological and palaeoecological research conducted between 2000 and 2014 in the Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park (PNAESM). This included the systematic survey of the most of the National Park territory, included at altitudes between 1500 and 3000 m a.s.l. During the surveys, 350 archaeological sites have been detected and 78 radiocarbon dates have been realized, providing a sequence of human occupation from 10700 cal BP to modern times. In addition, three archaeological sites with stratified deposits have been fully excavated: Cova del Sardo de Boí, Abric de l'Estany de la Coveta I and Dolmen de la Font dels Coms. In parallel, 5 sedimentary cores have been extracted from lakes and one pigbog, from the Natural Park of Alt Pirineu (PNAP) and National Park (PNAESM) areas, providing a full palaeoecological sequence from the last 17.000 years cal BP. This archaeological and palaeoecological dataset (e.g. soil-sites and lake records) allowed advancing new models about the anthropization of the high-altitude areas and the social construction of pastoral landscapes.

[eu] Artikulu honetan, Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici (PNAESM) parke nazionalean eta parkearen eremu periferikoan 2000. urtetik 2014ra eginiko ikerketa arkeologiko eta paleoanbientalen emaitzak aurkeztuko ditugu. Eginiko lanen artean daude lurraldearen zatirik handienaren prospekzio sistematikoa, 1.500-3000 m-ko altitudean egina, eta horri esker, 350 gune arkeologiko dokumentatu eta 78 datazio erradiokarboniko eskuratu ditugu, gunean 10700 urtean izandako okupazioaren sekuentziari lotutakoak. Era berean, hiru aztarnategi arkeologikoren indusketa ere burutu dugu: Cova del Sardo de Boí, Abric de l'Estany de la Coveta I eta Dolmen de la Font dels Coms. Guneen, profilen eta 5 aintzari-erregistroren inguruan egindako azterketa arkeologiko eta paleoanbientalak aukera ematen dute goi mendietako giza jarduera ekonomikoen historia eta lehen artzantza-paisaien eraikitze-prozesua modelizatzeko.
[en] This paper explores the idea of métissage - a kind of intertextuality - as it has been theorized by Françoise Lionnet (1989) through a close reading of Le Cow-boy (1983), an autobiographical novel by Djanet Lachmet about the Algerian Revolution (1954 - 1962). Lionnet (1989) describes métissage as a textual weaving of traditions in order to reintroduce oral Creole customs and to re-evaluate receives Western concepts. The term carefully links issues of race, politics, reading and writing. Described as a "life-story", Lachmet's Le Cow-boy is the story of Lallia, a young girl growing up during the Algerian liberation struggle of the 1950s and 60s. Providing both a critique of métissage and study of its possible manifestation in the novel, I ask wether life-writing is - in this case - a kind of stratagem that opens up ambiguous spaces of possibility where a subject of violent history and an agent of discourse might engage with one another; where new models of interaction between the personal and the political might be meaningfully explored.

[eu] Artikulu honek Françoise Lionnet-en (1989) métissage -intertestualitate modu bat- kontzeptua aztertzea du helburu, eta horretarako Djanet Lachmet-ek Aljeriako Iraultzari (1954-1962) buruz idatzi zuen Le Cow-boy (1983) eleberri autobiografikotik abiatuko naiz. Lionneten (1989) ustez, métissage tradizio-multzo testual baten antzekoa da, ahozko usadio kreolak berriro txertatzeko eta mendebaldeko kontzeptuei buruz beste behin hausnartzeko. Terminoak tentu handiz lotzen ditu arraza, politika, irakurketa eta idazketarekin zerikusia duten kontuak. "Biografia" gisa deskribatu dutela, Lachmeten Le Cow-boy eleberriak Lallia-ren istorioa kontatzen digu, berrogeita hamarreko eta hirurogeiko hamarkadetan Aljeriako askatasun-borroken testuinguruan hazi zen neska gazte batena. Métissage-aren kritika eta hark eleberrian duen zilegizko presentzia aztertzeaz batera, nire buruari galdetzen diot biografiak idaztea ez ote den -kasu honetan- aukerazko espazio anbiguoak ahalbidetzen dituen amarru modukoa, non historia bortitzeko ikergai baten eta elkarrizketa-agente baten arteko elkarreragina gertatzen den, non ezaugarri pertsonal eta politikoen arteko interakzio modu berriak zentzu handiz azter daitezkeen.
[en] On the slate plaquettes of the Magdalenian site of Gönnersdorf (Rhineland, Germany) besides many other representations we find a raven, a frog, and a tortoise. Even though these animals are drawn very infrequently, the figures are lively with many anatomical details. Taking into consideration the fact that the animals did not pose to be drawn, the pictures were mentally stored on the basis of intense observations by artists with eidetic talents.

[eu] Gönnersdorf-eko (Renania, Alemania) Madelein aldiko aztarnategiko arbel-plaketan, besteak beste, oreina, igela eta dordoka baten irudiak aurkitu ditugu. Nahiz eta animalia horiek oso kasu bitxietan irudikatu, honako irudi hauek gainera irudi biziak dira eta xehetasun anatomiko askodunak. Kontuan izanik animaliak ez zirela modelotzat erabiliko marrazten ari ziren bitartean, esan daiteke irudi horiek ikusketa trinko baten ondoren marraztu zituztela eta horiek jenio eidetikoaz hornitutako artistek egin zituztela.
[en] The traceological analysis of the manufacturing macrotraces on ceramics recovered from the Quatre Pilans I site (Lleida) (Middle Neolithic I), compared with ethnoarchaeological and experimental references, has documented two forming sequences in their formation processes, distinguished by the body construction technique: the use of juxtaposed spiral patches in one case and the coiling of fine and alternating coils in another. In addition to identifying the modeling techniques used on the pottery from Quatre Pilans I, these results expand both the temporal and geographical knowledge of the modeling techniques employed during the early phases of the Neolithic in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula and the Ebro Valley.

[eu] Quatre Pilans I-eko (Lleida) (Erdiko Neolitoa) aztarnategian lortutako zeramiken fabrikazioko makrotrazen azterketa trazeologikoari eta ondoren beste erreferentzia etnoarkeologiko eta esperimental batzuekin egindako alderaketari esker, eraketa-prozesuan bi modelaketa-sekuentzia ezberdin erabili zirela egiaztatu ahal izan da. Horien arteko bereizgarri nagusia gorputza eraikitzeko teknika da: kasu batzean, adabakiak espiralean elkarren ondoan erabiltzen dira, eta bestean, aldiz, kolonbino fin eta aldizkakoen irazkitzea. Lortutako emaitzei esker, Quatre Pilans I-eko zeramikak modelatzeko teknikak zehazteaz gain, Neolitoaren lehen faseetan penintsulako ipar-ekialdean eta Ebroko haranean erabilitako modelatze-tekniken denbora eta geografia mailako ezagutza zabaldu ahal izan da.
[en] In recent years, modified Mediterranean marine shells (especially Columbella rustica) have been documented in Mesolithic sites in the Southern Pyrenees and Ebro Basin. Some scholars suggest that the presence of this gastropod allows us to identify a long-distance social network that created a common "cultural landscape". We introduce new data obtained in the South-eastern Pyrenean site of Balma Guilanyà. The chronometric and technical contextualization of this assemblage reveals the transformations that affected the technical, social and cultural spheres of the Postglacial hunter-gatherers from the South Pyrenees and Ebro Valley.

[eu] Azken urteotan, itsas maskorrak dokumentatu dira, Columbella rustica espeziekoak nagusiki, Pirinioen hegoaldeko eta Ebro ibaiaren arroko Mesolitoko aztarnategietan. Ikertzaile batzuen arabera, C. rustica ageri izanak adierazten du urruneko gizarte-sareak identifikatzen direla, eta, horren ondorioz, paisaia kultural bat sortzen dela. Artikulu honetan, Balma Guilanyà aztarnategiari (Pirinioetako HE) buruzko datu berriak jakinarazten ditugu. Aztarnategiaren denbora-testuinguruak eta testuinguru teknikoak adierazten dute transformazioak izan zirela, eta transformazio horiek Glaziar ondoko garaiko Pirinioen hegoaldeko eta Ebro Bailarako ehiztari-biltzaileei eragin ziela ikuspuntu tekniko, sozial eta kulturalari dagokionez.