[en] Abstract: the consequences produced by climate change are becoming more noticeable each year, and science has confirmed the fact that humans are the main cause of this. Moreover, the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, CO2, is the main cause of the global increase in temperatures, where the energy sector is responsible for 78% of the polluting gases sent to the atmosphere in the European Union [1]. For this reason, the research and continuous development of more efficient electrical converters and sources of renewable energy that are less polluting and therefore more favorable for the environment, should be one of the main commitments of the 21st century. One of these sources of energy, and one that this end-of-degree project deals with, is photovoltaic solar energy and its conversion to other forms of electricity through electrical converters. The main objective of this end-of-degree project is to give the reader the necessary knowledge so that he can develop a complete system of photovoltaic solar energy by himself, and any other set of electrical converters. Therefore, this document will begin explaining the concepts about the operation of the photovoltaic panels and how to study their MPPT point. After this, electrical converters will be thoroughly studied, emphasizing the mathematical model of the different types and distributions, transformers will also be included, since all together form the basis for the transformation and transport of electricity. After acquiring this knowledge, a complete process of selection of all the equipment that composes a photovoltaic electric generation system is proposed. Finally, the designs and assemblies of several electrical converters will be explained, among them, a prototype and small-scale model of a photovoltaic solar system with all the electrical converters that are necessary to transform the 12 V DC of the solar panel into 230 V AC. The idea is that from these 230 V AC, be able to transform the energy so that it is variable to use it in different applications. Therefore, two variants have been developed, an adjustable laboratory DC power supply that delivers up to 30 V and 3.5 A, and an AC-AC voltage regulator that is capable of regulating up to a power of 3.6 kW. In this way, from the energy obtained from a 12 V solar panel, after a transformation process, the outputs that are available are adjustable AC and DC outputs.

[eu] Laburpena: gaur egun gero eta nabariagoa da klima aldaketa eta bere ondorioak, gainera zientziak egiaztatu du horren eragile nagusiak gizakiak direla. Alde horretatik, negutegi efektuko gasak dira tenperaturen igoeren errudun nagusienetarikoak eta horien artean aipagarriena karbono dioxidoa, CO2. Hain zuzen, Europar Batasunean energiaren sektorea da atmosferara isuritako gas kutsakorren %78-aren eragilea [1]. Hau kontuan izanik, bai eraginkortasun hobea duten bihurgailuen ikerkuntza eta garapena, zein energia iturri garbiagoen sustapena izan beharko litzateke XXI. Menderako konpromisu nagusienetariko bat. Eguzki energia fotovoltaikoa da horietako bat eta hain zuzen lan honetan landu izan dena. Horrekin batera, lorturiko energiaren eraldaketa lortzeko erabili daitezkeen bihurgailu elektriko ezberdinak ere landu izan dira. Lan honen helburu nagusia, eguzki energia fotovoltaikoko sistema bere osotasunean aztertzea eta azaltzea da. Gainera, edozein bihurgailu elektrikodun multzoak deskribatuz. Gauzak horrela, lehenik panel fotovoltaikoen kontzeptu nagusiak eta hauen potentzia maximoko puntua (MPPT) aztertuko dira. Jarraian, bihurgailu elektrikoak sakonki azalduko dira, batez ere, modelo bakoitzaren eredu matematikoa eta distribuzioa nabarmenduz. Gainera, transformadoreak ere landuko dira, hauekin batera elektrizitate transformazio eta garraioaren oinarriak eratzen baitira. Hau guztia barneratuta, energia fotovoltaikodun sistema oso baten eraketa proposatzen da. Bukatzeko, hainbat bihurgailu elektrikoen diseinuak eta muntaiak azalduko dira, horien artean, eguzki-sistema fotovoltaiko baten prototipo eta eskala eredu bat, eguzki-paneleko 12 V DC 230 V AC-ra eraldatzeko beharrezko bihurgailu guztiekin. Lorturiko 230 V AC horiekin bi irteera garatu dira, lehena, laborategiko elikatze iturria, DC 30 V eta 3,5 A ematen dituena, eta bigarrena, AC-AC tentsio erregulatzailea, 3,6 kW-ko potentzia arte erregulatzeko gai dena. Honela, AC eta DC irteera doigarriak lortzen dira, eguzki-panel batetik lortutako energía transformatuz.