[en] With the economic, political and social changes during the colonial period in New Spain, the indigenous populationwas introduced to a system of slavery, economic and social exploitation by the Spanish, who controlled production based on mercantilism, consumer demand, to the new ideologies introduced and to the control of a new mode of production. At thistime new trades were expanded in New Spain, with this the Indian learned to develop a new production, techniques and different styles, but continued with his ideology in the production of certain objects such as: ceramics, rattle figures, paintings inthe churches, christs of cane, christs of butterfly buds, etc., that reflected these two cultures and the acculturation and Europeanization that was being generated. In pre-Hispanic times the Indians related feathers with their gods, with wars, in commerce and tribute. Feather objects were used by women of a certain social rank in the huipiles, the rulers and the military in their attire and in their parties. The pens were considered for society as a luxury object. The distribution of feathers by the trade ranged from the northern area of Mexico to Tenochtitl?n. For the dominated indigenous society, the use of the pen continued with its cultural significance and became a fundamental part of its communication codes. In this sense the use of the pen in the paintings and clothing became a form of cultural resistance against the social imposition given in the colony. In colonial times there was a change since feather art was elaborated to represent Catholic religious images such as: Christs, the Virgin Mary andthe Saints. It was not the same meaning for these two societies, for the Indians the use of feathers was linked to the gods while the Spaniards related it to the Catholic religion and to their own ideology.

[pt] Com as mudan?as econ?micas, pol?ticas e sociais durante a era colonial na Nova Espanha, ind?gena a um sistema de escravid?o, explora??o econ?mica e social ? introduzido pelos espanh?is, que controlava a produ??o com base no mercantilismo, a demanda do consumidor, ?s novas ideologias introduzidas e ao controle de um novo modo de produ??o. cer?mica, estatuetas sonaja, pinturas nas igrejas: Neste momento novos escrit?rios em Nova Espanha, assim ind?genas aprenderam a desenvolver novas t?cnicas de produ??o e estilos diferentes, mas continuou sua ideologia na produ??o de determinados itens, comoexpandida , cristos cana, cristos de casulos de borboleta, etc., que reflectem estas duas culturas e acculturation e europeiza??o que foi gerado. Nos tempos pr?-hisp?nicos, os ?ndios relacionavam penas com seus deuses, com guerras, com?rcio e tributo.Objetos de penas usado deles mulheres de uma certa posi??o social na huipil, os governantes e os militares em seus trajes e seus partidos. As canetas foram consideradas pela sociedade como um objeto de luxo. A distribui??o de penas pelo com?rcio variou da zona norte do M?xico a Tenochtitl?n.Nos tempos coloniais, houve uma mudan?a, uma vez que a arte das penas foi elaborada para representar imagens religiosas cat?licas como: cristos, a virgem Maria e os santos. N?o era o mesmo significado para estas duas sociedades, para uso ind?gena de penas estava ligada aos deuses enquanto os espanh?is relacionados com a religi?o cat?licae sua pr?pria ideologia. Para a sociedade ind?gena dominada, o uso da caneta continuou com seu significado cultural e tornou-se parte fundamental de seus c?digos de comunica??o. Nesse sentido, o uso da caneta nas pinturas e roupas tornou-se uma forma de resist?ncia cultural contra a imposi??o social dada na col?nia