# Dünya tarihi (alan)
Bir tarihsel çalışma alanı olarak dünya tarihi veya küresel tarih, tarihi küresel bir perspektiften inceler. Yüzyıllar önce ortaya çıkan dünya tarihi çalışma alanının önde gelen isimleri arasında Voltaire (1694-1778), Hegel (1770-1831), Karl Marx (1818-1883), Oswald Spengler (1880-1936) ve Arnold J. Toynbee (1889-1975) gibi düşünür ve tarihçiler bulunmaktadır. Dünya tarihi alanı, 20. yüzyılın sonlarında (üniversite öğretimi, ders kitapları, akademik dergiler ve akademik dernekler açısından) çok daha aktif hâle geldi. Dünya tarihine benzer şekilde birden çok kültür ve ulusun tarihiyle ilgilenen, ancak bunu küresel ölçekte incelemeyen bir çalışma alanı olan karşılaştırmalı tarih ile karıştırılmamalıdır. Dünya tarihi, tüm kültürlerde ortaya çıkan ortak kalıpları araştırır. Dünya tarihçileri, iki ana odak noktasına sahip tematik bir yaklaşım kullanır. Bunlar sırayla entegrasyon (dünya tarihindeki süreçlerin dünyadaki insanları bir araya getirme şekli) ve farklılıktır (dünya tarihindeki kalıpların insan deneyimlerindeki çeşitliliği ortaya koyuşu).


## Bibliyografya.
### Dünya tarihi araştırmaları.
  - Bayly, Christopher Alan. "The birth of the modern world, 1780–1914: global connections and comparisons" (Blackwell, 2004)
  - Bullet, Richard et al., "The Earth and Its Peoples" 6th ed. (2 vol, 2014), university textbook
  - Duiker, William J. Duiker and Jackson J. Spielvogel. "World History" (2 vol 2006), university textbook
  - Dupuy, R. Ernest and Trevor N. Dupuy. "The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present" (1977), 1465 pp  comprehensive discussion focused on wars and battles
  - Gombrich, Ernst. A Little History of the World (1936 & 1995)
  - Grenville, J.A.S. "A History of the World: From the 20th to the 21st Century" (2005)
  - Lee, Wayne E. "Waging War: Conflict, Culture, and Innovation in World History" (2015) excerpt 
  - McKay, John P. and Bennett D. Hill. "A History of World Societies" (2 vol. 2011), university textbook
  - McNeill, William H. "A World History" (1998), University textbook
  - McNeill, William H., Jerry H. Bentley, and David Christian, eds. "Berkshire Encyclopedia Of World History" (5 vol 2005)
  - Osterhammel, Jürgen. "The Transformation of the World: A Global History of the Nineteenth Century" (Princeton University Press, 2014), 1167pp
  - Paine, Lincoln. "The sea and civilization: a maritime history of the world" (Knopf, 2013). Pp. xxxv+ 744. 72 illustrations, 17 maps. excerpt 
  - Roberts, J. M. and O. A. Westad. "The History of the World" (2013)
  - Rosenberg, Emily, et al. eds. "A World Connecting: 1870–1945" (2012)
  - Stearns, Peter N. ed. "Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World: 1750 to the Present" (8 vol. 2008)
  - Stearns, Peter N. "The Industrial Revolution in World History" (1998) online edition 
  - Szulc, Tad. "Then and Now: How the World Has Changed since W.W. II". (1990). 515 p. ISBN   Popular history
  - Tignor, Robert, et al. "Worlds Together, Worlds Apart: A History of the World" (4th ed, 2 vol. 2013), University textbook
  - Watt, D. C., Frank Spencer, Neville Brown. "A History of the World in the Twentieth Century" (1967)


### Ulusötesi tarihçe.
  - Adam, Thomas. "Intercultural Transfers and the Making of the Modern World, 1800–2000: Sources and Contexts" (2011)
  - Boon, Marten. "Business Enterprise and Globalization: Towards a Transnational Business History." "Business History Review" 91.3 (2017): 511–535.
  - Davies, Thomas Richard. "NGOs: A new history of transnational civil society" (2014).
  - Ember, Carol R. Melvin Ember, and Ian A. Skoggard, eds. "Encyclopedia of diasporas: immigrant and refugee cultures around the world" (2004).
  - Iriye, Akira. "Global and Transnational History: The Past, Present, and Future" (2010), 94pp
  - Iriye, Akira and Pierre-Yves Saunier, eds. "The Palgrave Dictionary of Transnational History: From the mid-19th century to the present day" (2009)  1232pp  400 entries by scholars.
  - Osterhammel, Jürgen and Niels P. Petersson. "Globalization: A Short History" (2009)
  - Pieke Frank N., Nyíri Pál, Thunø Mette, and Ceddagno Antonella. "Transnational Chinese: Fujianese migrants in Europe" (2004)
  - Saunier, Pierre-Yves. "Transnational History" (2013)


### Atlaslar.
  - Barraclough, Geoffrey, ed. "The Times Atlas of World History" (1979).
  - Catchpole, Brian. " Map History of the Modern World" (1982)
  - Darby, H. C., and H. Fullard, eds. "The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 14: Atlas" (1970)
  - Haywood, John. "Atlas of world history" (1997) online free
  - Kinder, Hermann and Werner Hilgemann. "Anchor Atlas of World History" (2 vol. 1978)  advanced analytical maps, mostly of Europe
  - O'Brian, Patrick. "Atlas of World History" (2010). excerpt 
  - Rand McNally. "Historical atlas of the world" (1997) 
  - Santon, Kate, and Liz McKay, eds. "Atlas of World History" (2005).


### Tarihyazımı.
 - Adas, Michael. "Essays on Twentieth-Century History" (2010)  historiographic essays on world history conceptualizing the "long" 20th century, from the 1870s to the early 2000s.
  - Allardyce, Gilbert. "Toward world history: American historians and the coming of the world history course." "Journal of World History" 1.1 (1990): 23–76.
  - Bentley, Jerry H., ed. "The Oxford Handbook of World History" (Oxford University Press, 2011)
  - Costello, Paul. "World Historians and Their Goals: Twentieth-Century Answers to Modernism" (1993).
  - Curtin, Philip D. "Depth, Span, and Relevance," "The American Historical Review," Vol. 89, No. 1 (Feb., 1984), pp. 1–9 in JSTOR 
  - Dunn, Ross E., ed. "The New World History: A Teacher's Companion." (2000). 607pp. ISBN  online review 
  - Frye, Northrop. "Spengler Revisited" in "Northrop Frye on modern culture" (2003), pp 297–382, first published 1974  online
  - Hare, J. Laurence, and Jack Wells. "Promising the World: Surveys, Curricula, and the Challenge of Global History," "History Teacher", 48 (Feb. 2015) pp: 371–88. online 
  - Hughes-Warrington, Marnie. "Palgrave Advances in World Histories" (2005), 256pp, articles by scholars
  - Lang, Michael. "Globalization and Global History in Toynbee," "Journal of World History" 22 4 Dec. 2011 pp. 747–783 in project MUSE
  - McInnes, Neil. "The Great Doomsayer: Oswald Spengler Reconsidered." "National Interest" 1997 (48): 65–76.  ISSN 0884-9382 Fulltext: Ebsco
  - McNeill, William H. "The Changing Shape of World History." "History and Theory" 1995 34(2): 8–26.  ISSN 0018-2656 in JSTOR 
  - Manning, Patrick. "Navigating World History: Historians Create a Global Past" (2003), an important guide to the entire field excerpt and text search   online review 
  - Mazlish, Bruce. "Comparing Global History to World History," "Journal of Interdisciplinary History," Vol. 28, No. 3 (Winter, 1998), pp. 385–395 in JSTOR
  - Moore, Robert I. "World history." in Michael Bentley, ed., "Companion to historiography" (1997): 941–59.
  - National Center for History in the Schools at UCLA. "World History: The Big Eras, A Compact History of Humankind" (2009), 96pp
  - Neiberg, Michael S. "Warfare in World History" (2001) online edition 
  - Patel, Klaus Kiran: "Transnational History" , European History Online, Mainz: Institute of European History(2011) retrieved: November 11, 2011.
  - Richards, Michael D. "Revolutions in World History" (2003) online edition 
  - Roupp, Heidi, ed. "Teaching World History: A Resource Book." (1997), 274pp  online edition 
  - Sachsenmaier, Dominic, "Global Perspectives on Global History" (2011), Cambridge UP
  - Smil, Vaclav. "Energy in World History" (1994) online edition 
  - Tellier, Luc-Normand. "Urban World History" (2009), PUQ, 650 pages  online edition
  - Watts, Sheldon. "Disease and Medicine in World History" (2003) online edition