# Etüdler (Chopin)
Etüdler (Études), Frédéric Chopin tarafından piyano için 3 set halinde bestelenen solo çalışmalardır. Toplamda 27 tane olan bestelerin onikişerli iki grubu Opus numarası 10 ve 25 ile sınıflandırılmış, üç tanesi ise opus numarası almamıştır.


## Etüdlerin listesi.
### Études Op. 10.
Etüdlerin ilk seti 1833'te yayınlandı (bazıları 1829 yılında yazılmıştı). Chopin o zaman 23 yaşında olmasına rağmen çoktan Paris salonlarında tanınan ünlü bir besteci idi. Paris'te Franz Liszt ile tanışan Chopin eserlerini o'na adamıştır. - "" (arkadaşıma, Franz Liszt).


### Études Op. 25.
Chopin'in ikinci etüd seti 1837'de yayınlandı.


### 
"Trois nouvelles études", Ignaz Moscheles ve François-Joseph Fétis tarafında yazılan bir piyano öğretim kitabı olan "" için katkı amacıyla yazılmış ve opus numarası verilmemiştir.


## Çalışmalar.
### Tüm Etüdler için.
  - Casella, Alfredo. "F. Chopin. Studi per pianoforte". Milano: Edizioni Curci, 1946.
  - Cortot, Alfred. "Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.10". Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
  - Cortot, Alfred. "Frédéric Chopin. 12 Études, op.25". Édition de travail des oeuvres de Chopin. Paris: Éditions Salabert, 1915.
  - Galston, Gottfried. "Studienbuch" [Study Book]. III. Abend [3rd Recital] (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.


### Bazı Etüdler için.
  - Busoni, Ferruccio. "Klavierübung in zehn Büchern" [Piano Tutorial in Ten Books], zweite umgestaltete und bereicherte Ausgabe. Buch 8 (Variationen und Varianten nach Chopin). Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, 1925.
  - Godowsky, Leopold. "Studien über die Etüden von Chopin" (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
  - Joseffy, Rafael. "Etudes for the Piano". Instructive Edition. New York: G. Schirmer, 1901.


## Yorumlamalar.
  - Godowsky, Leopold. "Studien über die Etüden von Chopin" (Studies on Chopin's Etudes). New York: G. Schirmer Inc., 1899 (Berlin: Schlesinger'sche Buch- und Musikhandlung, 1903).
  - Wührer, Friedrich. "Achtzehn Studien zu Frédéric Chopins Etuden" [sic] [18 Studies on Chopin's Etudes]. In Motu Contrario [In Contrary Motion]. Heidelberg: Willy Müller, Süddeutscher Musikverlag, 1958.


## Konuyla ilgili yayınlar.
  - Bülow, Hans von. "Remarks on the Separate Studies." In "Auserlesene Klavier-Etüden von Fr. Chopin". München: Jos. Aibl, 1880.
  - Collet, Robert. "Studies, Preludes and Impromptus." In "Frédéric Chopin: Profiles of the Man and the Musician". Ed. Alan Walker. London: Barrie & Rockliff, 1966.
  - Czerny, Carl. "School of Practical Composition" London: R. Cocks & Co., [1848]  Reprint, New York: Da Capo Press, 1979.
  - Deschaussées, Monique. "Frédéric Chopin: 24 études - vers une interprétation". Fondettes: Van de Velde, 1995.
  - Eigeldinger, Jean-Jacques. "Chopin: Pianist and Teacher as Seen by his Pupils". Cambridge University Press, 1986
  - Ekier, Jan, ed. (National Edition)."About the Etudes." "Performance Commentary." "Source Commentary." "Chopin Etudes". Warsaw: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1999.
  - Finlow, Simon. "The Twenty-seven Études and Their Antecedents." In Jim Samson (ed.), "The Cambridge Companion to Chopin". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
  - Galston, Gottfried. "Studienbuch". III. Abend (Frédéric Chopin). Berlin: Bruno Cassirer, 1910.
  - Huneker, James. "The Studies—Titanic Experiments." In "Chopin: The Man and His Music". New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1900.
  - Klein, Andreas. "The Chopin "Etudes": An Indispensable Pedagogical Tool for Developing Piano Technique". DMA diss., Rice University, 1989.
  - Kogosowski, Alan. ""Mastering the Chopin Études." A compendium to Chopin: Genius of the Piano". E-Book, 2010.
  - Leichtentritt, Hugo. "Die Etüden." In "Analyse der Chopin’schen Klavierwerke" [Analysis of Chopin's Piano Works]. Band II. Berlin: Max Hesses Verlag, 1922.
  - Lear, Angela "Chopin’s Grande Etudes". February 5, 2007.
  - Leontsky, Jan: "Interpreting Chopin. Etudes op.10 & op.25. Analysis, comments and interpretive choices". Tarnhelm editions.
  - Niecks, Frederick. "Chopin as a Man and Musician". London: Novello, Ewer and Co., 1888.
  - Paderewski, Ignacy Jan, Ludwik Bronarski, Józef Turczynsky, ed. ("Paderewski" Edition). "The Character of the Present Edition." "Commentary." "Chopin Studies (Etudes)". Warsaw: Instytut Fryderyka Chopina, 1949.
  - Samson, Jim. "Baroque reflections." In "The Music of Chopin". London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1985.
  - Schumann, Robert. "Die Pianoforte-Etuden, ihren Zwecken nach geordnet" ["The Pianoforte Études, Categorized According to their Purposes"]. "Neue Zeitschrift für Musik" No. 11, February 6, 1836, p. 45.
  - Zimmermann, Ewald, ed. (Henle Edition). "Kritischer Bericht" (Critical Report). "Chopin Etudes". München: G. Henle Verlag, 1983.