# Peter Frederick Strawson
Peter Frederick Strawson (23 Kasım 1919 – 13 Şubat 2006), Britanyalı filozof, gündelik dil felsefesinin en önemli temsilcilerinden olan çağdaş düşünür. 1968-1987 yılları arasında Oxford Üniversitesi'nde Waynflete metafizik felsefesi profesörü olarak çalıştı.
Mantık Kuramına Giriş adlı eserinde, bazı tümcelerin, anlamlı olsalar bile, bir iddiada bulunmadıkları için, bir doğruluk değerine sahip olmadıklarını öne süren Strawson, gündelik dil ile formel mantık arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmış ve dünya üzerine olan düşüncenin yapısını inceleyerek, buradan hareketle belli bir varlık görünüşüne ulaşmıştır. Yani, kariyerinin ilk döneminde dil felsefesi üzerinde yoğunlaşan ve gündelik dille formel mantık arasındaki ilişkileri araştırmak suretiyle, gündelik dilin mantıksal yönlerini ortaya çıkarmaya çalışan Strawson, ikinci dönemde metafiziğe yönelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, dilimizin nasıl işlediğini gösterip, yalnızca dili betimlemek suretiyle, dilin içerdiği metafizik kabulleri gözler önüne sermeyi amaçlayan Strawson, bu durumun bir ifadesi olarak, temel eseri olan Bireyler'i betimleyici metafizik alanında bir deneme olarak değerlendirmiştir.


## Kitapları.
  - "Introduction to Logical Theory". London: Methuen, 1952.
  - "Individuals: An Essay in Descriptive Metaphysics". London: Methuen, 1959.
   - Chapter 1: Bodies
   - German translation by F. Scholz (Stuttgart: Reclam, 1972)
   - French translation by A. Shalom and P. Ricoeur (Paris: Editions du Seuil, 1973)
   - Italian translation by E. Bencivenga (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1978)
   - Japanese translation by N. Nakamura (Tokyo: Misuzu Shobo, 1978)
   - Polish translation by B. Chwedenczuk (Warsaw: Wydawniczy Pax, 1980)
   - Spanish translation by A. Suarez and L. Villanueva (Madrid: Taurus, 1989)
  - "The Bounds of Sense: An Essay on Kant's Critique of Pure Reason". London: Methuen, 1966.
   - Spanish translation by C. Luis Andre (Madrid: Revista de Occidente, 1975)
   - German translation by E. Lange (Hain, 1981)
   - Italian translation by M. Palumbo (Roma-Baril: Laterza, 1985)
   - Japanese translation, 1987
  - "Logico-Linguistic Papers". London: Methuen, 1971
  - "Freedom and Resentment and other Essays". London: Methuen, 1974
  - "Subject and Predicate in Logic and Grammar". London: Methuen, 1974
  - "Skepticism and Naturalism: Some Varieties". New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.
  - "Analysis and Metaphysics: An Introduction to Philosophy". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
  - "Entity and Identity". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.


## Makaleleri.
  - "Necessary Propositions and Entailment Statements" ("Mind", 1948)
  - "Truth" ("Analysis", 1949)
  - "Ethical Intuitionism ("Philosophy", 1949)
  - "Truth" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society" suppl. vol. xxiv, 1950)
  - "On Referring" ("Mind", 1950)
  - "Particular and General" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society", 1953
  - "Wittgenstein's "Philosophical Investigations" ("Mind", vol. 63, 1954)
  - "A Logician's Landscape" ("Philosophy", Vol. 30, 1955)
  - "Construction and Analysis" in A.J. Ayer et al., "The Revolution in Philosophy". London: Macmillan, 1956
  - "Singular Terms, Ontology and Identity" ("Mind", Vol. 65, 1956)
  - "In Defence of a Dogma" with H. P. Grice ("Philosophical Review", 1956)
  - "Logical Subjects and Physical Objects" ("Philosophy and Phenomenological Research", 1957)
  - "Propositions, Concepts and Logical Truths" ("Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 7, 1957)
  - "Proper Names" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society", Supp. Vol. 31, 1957)
  - "On Justifying Induction" ("Philosophical Studies, 1958)
  - "The Post-Linguistic Thaw" ("Times Literary Supplement, 1960)
  - "Freedom and Resentment " ("Proceedings of the British Academy, Vol. 48, 1960)
  - "Singular Terms and Predication" ("Journal of Philosophy", 1961)
  - "Perception and Identification" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supp. Vol. 35, 1961)
  - "Carnap's Views on Constructed Systems v. Natural Languages in Analytical Philosophy" in "The Philosophy of Rudolf Carnap" ed. P.A. Schlipp (La Salle Ill.: Open Court, 1963)
  - " A Problem about Truth: A reply to Mr. Warnock" in "Truth", ed. G. Pitcher, Englewood Cliffs (N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1964)
  - "Truth: A Reconsideration of Austin's Views" ("Philosophical Quarterly", Vol. 15, 1965)
  - "Self, Mind and Body" ("Common Factor", Vol. 4, 1966)
  - "Is Existence Never A Predicate" ("Critica", Vol.1, 1967)
  - "Bennett on Kant's Analytic" ("Philosophical Review", Vol. 77, 1968)
  - "Meaning and Truth" ("Proceedings of the British Academy", Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969)
  - "Imagination and Perception" in "Experience and Theory", ed. L. Foster and J.W. Swanson (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1970)
  - "Categories" in "Ryle: A Collection of Critical essays", ed. O.P. Wood and G. Pitcher, (New York: Doubleday, 1970)
  - "The Asymmetry of Subjects and Predicates" in "Language, Belief and Metaphysics", ed. H.E. Kiefer and M.K. Munitz (New York: State of University of New York Press, 1970)
  - "Self-Reference, Contradiction and Content-Parasitic Predicates" ("Indian review of Philosophy, 1972)
  - "Different Conceptions of Analytical Philosophy" (Tijdschrift voor Filosofie, 1973)
  - "Austin and 'Locutionary Meaning'" in "Essays on J.L. Austin", ed. I Berlin (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973)
  - "On Understanding the Structure of One's Language" in "Freedom and Resentment and Other Essays"
  - "Positions for Quantifiers" in "semantics and Philosophy", ed. M.K. Munitz and P.K. Unger (New York: New York University Press, 1974)
  - "Does Knowledge Have Foundations?" ("Conocimiento y Creencia", 1974)
  - "Semantics, Logic and Ontology" ("Neue Hafte fur Philosophie, 1975)
  - "Knowledge and Truth" ("Indian Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 3., No. 3, 1976)
  - "Entity and Identity" in "Contemporary British Philosophy Fourth Series", ed. H.D. Lewis (London: Allen and Unwin, 1976)
  - "Scruton and Wright on Anti-Realism" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Vol. 77, 1976)
  - "May Bes and Might Have Beens" in "Meaning and Use", ed. A. Margalit (London: Reidel, 1979)
  - "Perception and its Objects" in "Perception and Identity: Essays Presented to A.J. Ayer", ed. G.F. Macdonald (London: Macmillan, 1979) 
  - "Universals" ("Midwest Studies in Philosophy", 1979)
  - "Belief, Reference and Quantification" ("Monist", 1980)
  - "P.F. Strawson Replies" in "Philosophical Subjects Presented to P.F. Strawson", ed. Zak Van Straaten (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1980)
  - "Comments and Reples" ("Philosophia, Vol. 10, 1981)
  - "Logical Form and Logical Constants" in "Logical Form, Predication and Ontology", ed. P.K. Sen (India: Macmillan, 1982)
  - " Liberty and Necessity" in "Spinoza, His Thought & Work", ed. Nathan Rotenstreich and Norma Schneider (Jerusalem: The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, 1983)
  - "Causation and Explanation" in "Essays on Davidson", ed. Bruce Vermazen and J. Hintikka (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985)
  - "Direct Singular Reference: Intended Reference and Actual Reference" in "Wo steht die Analytische Philosophie Heute?", 1986
  - "Reference and its Roots" in "The Philosophy of W.V.Quine". ed L.E. Hahn and P.A. Schlipp (La Salle Ill.: Open Court, 1986)
  - "Kant's Paralogisms: Self Consciousness and the 'Outside Obsrver'" in "Theorie de Subjektivitat", ed. K. Cramer, F. Fulda, R.-P. Hortsmann, U. Poshast (Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp, 1987)
  - "Concepts and Properties, or Predication and Copulation" ("Philosophical Quarterly, Vol. 37, 1987)
  - "Kant's New Foundations of Metaphysics" in "Metaphysik nach Kant", ed. Dieter Henrich and R.-P. Horstmann (Stuttgart: Klett Cotta, 1988)
  - "Ma Philosophie: son Développement, son Thème Central et sa Nature Générale" ("Revue de Theologie et de Philosophie", Vol. 120, 1988)
  - "Sensibility, Understanding and the Doctrine of Synthesis: Comments on D. Henrich and P. Guyer" in "Kant's Transcendental Deductions", ed. E. Forster (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989)
  - "Two Conceptions of Philosophy" in "Perspectives on Quine", ed. Robert Barrett and Roger Gibson (Oxford: Blackwell: 1990)
  - "The Incoherence of Empiricism" ("Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Supp. Vol. 66, 1992)
  - "Comments on Some Aspects of Peter Unger's "Identity, Consciousness and Value" ("Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, Vol. 42, 1992)
  - "Echoes of Kant" ("Times Literary Supplement, 1992, "The State of Philosophy")
  - "Replies" in "Ensayos sobre Strawson", ed. Carlos E. Carosi (Montevideo: Universidad de la República, 1992)
  - "Knowing From Words" in "Knowing From Words", ed. B.K. Matilal and A. Chakrabati (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1992)
  - "My Philosophy," and "Replies" to critics in "The Philosophy of P.F. Strawson", ed. P.K. Sen and R.K. Verma (New Delhi: Indian Council of Philosophical Research, 1994)
  - "Individuals" in "Philosophical Problems Today", Vol. 1, ed. G. Floistad (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994)
  - "The Problem of Realism and the A Priori" in "Kant and Contemporary Epistemology", ed. Paolo Parrini (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994)
  - "Introduction," "Kant on Substance," and "Meaning and Context in "Entity and Identity" (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)