# Charles Sanders Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce, (/pɜːrs/, 1839-1914) pragmatizm akımının isim babası olmuş, daha sonra da pragmatist yöntemin ana hatlarını çizmiş olan Amerikalı filozoftur. Felsefede bilgi konusuna öncelik vermiş başlamış ve Aristoteles'in düzeni doğada bulan nesnel yaklaşımı ile Kant'ın bilgideki düzenin zihnin eseri olduğunu dile getiren öznel yaklaşımının bir sentezini yapmıştır. Kavram, fikir ve kuramlarımızın doğruluklarını, onların yararlılıklarıyla özdeşleştiren Peirce'e göre, yöntem öncelikle düşüncelerimizi açık ve seçik hale getirmekten oluşur ve bu yöntem sayesinde felsefe bir bilime dönüşecektir.


## Bibliyografya.
 - Bibliyografik Kaynaklar
  - Ketner, K.L., et al. (1986), A Comprehensive Bibliography of the Works of C.S. Peirce, Philosophy Documentation Center, Bowling Green, OH, 1986.
  - Moore, E., and Robin, R.S. (1964), Studies in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, Second Series, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, 1964. Bibliography of secondary literature prior to 1964, pp. 486–514.
  - Robin, Richard S. (1967), Annotated Catalogue of the Papers of Charles S. Peirce, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA, 1967. Eprint
 - Birincil Kaynaklar
 - Standart Baskılar
 - Toplu Yazıları
  - Peirce, C.S., Collected Papers of Charles Sanders Peirce, vols. 1–6, Charles Hartshorne and Paul Weiss (eds.), vols. 7–8, Arthur W. Burks (ed.), Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1931–1935, 1958.
  - Volume 1, Principles of Philosophy, 1932.
  - Volume 2, Elements of Logic, 1932.
  - Volume 3, Exact Logic (Published Papers), 1933.
  - Volume 4, The Simplest Mathematics, 1933.
  - Volume 5, Pragmatism and Pragmaticism, 1934.
  - Volume 6, Scientific Metaphysics, 1935.
  - Volume 7, Science and Philosophy, 1958.
  - Volume 8, Reviews, Correspondence, and Bibliography, 1958.
  - Belnap edition with pairs of volumes bound as one, vols. 1–2 (ISBN 0-674-13800-7), vols. 3–4 (ISBN 0-674-13801-5), vols. 5–6 (ISBN 0-674-13802-3), vols. 7-8 (ISBN 0-674-13803-1).
  - Volume 1. Eprint.
  - Volumes 1-8. CD-ROM.
  - Volumes 1-8. Reprinted, Thoemmes Continuum, 1998.
 - Tarihsel Baskılar
  - Peirce, C.S., Writings of Charles S. Peirce, A Chronological Edition, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianoplis, IN, 1981–.
  - Volume 1 (1857–1866), 1981.
  - Volume 2 (1867–1871), 1984.
  - Volume 3 (1872–1878), 1986.
  - Volume 4 (1879–1884), 1989.
  - Volume 5 (1884–1886), 1993.
  - Volume 6 (1886–1890), 2000.
  - Volumes 1-6. CD-ROM.
 - Matematiğin Yeni Öğeleri
  - Peirce, C.S, The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce, 4 volumes in 5, Carolyn Eisele (ed.), Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands, 1976.  Humanities Press, Atlantic Highlands, NJ, 1976.
  - Volume 1, Arithmetic.
  - Volume 2, Algebra and Geometry.
  - Volume 3.1, Mathematical Miscellanea.
  - Volume 3.2, Mathematical Miscellanea.
  - Volume 4, Mathematical Philosophy.
 - "The Nation'a gönderilenler
  - Peirce, C.S., Contributions to 'The Nation', 4 volumes, Kenneth Laine and James Edward Cook (eds.), Texas Technological University Press, Lubbock, TX, 1975–1987.
  - Part 1 (1869–1893), 1975.
  - Part 2 (1894–1900), 1975.
  - Part 3 (1901–1908), 1979.
  - Part 4 (Index), 1987.
 - Temel Pierce Kaynakları (EP)
  - Peirce, C.S., The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 1 (1867–1893), Nathan Houser and Christian Kloesel (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN, 1992.
  - Peirce, C.S., The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 2 (1893–1913), Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington and Indianapolis, IN, 1998.
 - Seçme Yazıları (SY)
  - Peirce, C.S., Charles S. Peirce: Selected Writings (Values in a Universe of Chance), Philip P. Wiener (ed.), First published, Values in a Universe of Chance,  Doubleday and Company, 1958. Reprinted, Dover Publications, New York, NY, 1966.
 - Bilim Felsefesi Üzerine Denemeleri
  - Peirce, C.S., Essays in the Philosophy of Science, Vincent Tomas (ed.), Bobbs–Merrill, New York, NY, 1957.
Pragmatizm Üzerine Ders Notları
  - Peirce, C.S., "Lectures on Pragmatism", Cambridge, MA, March 26 – May 17, 1903. Reprinted in part, Collected Papers, CP 5.14–212. Reprinted with Introduction and Commentary, Patricia Ann Turisi (ed.), Pragmatism as a Principle and a Method of Right Thinking: The 1903 Harvard "Lectures on Pragmatism", State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1997. Reprinted, pp. 133–241, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), The Essential Peirce, Selected Philosophical Writings, Volume 2 (1893–1913), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1998.
  - Peirce, C.S., Pragmatism as a Principle and a Method of Right Thinking — The 1903 Harvard "Lectures on Pragmatism", Patricia Ann Turisi (ed.), State University of New York Press, Albany, NY, 1997.
 - Makaleler ve Bölümler
  - Peirce, C.S. (1867), "On a New List of Categories", Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 7 (1868), 287–298. Presented, 14 May 1867. Reprinted (CP 1.545–559), (CE 2, 49–59), (EP 1, 1–10). Eprint.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1868), "Some Consequences of Four Incapacities", Journal of Speculative Philosophy 2 (1868), 140–157. Reprinted (CP 5.264–317), (CE 2, 211–242), (EP 1, 28–55). Eprint. NB. Misprints in CP and Eprint copy.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1870), "Description of a Notation for the Logic of Relatives, Resulting from an Amplification of the Conceptions of Boole's Calculus of Logic", Memoirs of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences 9 (1870), 317–378. Reprinted (CP 3.45–149), (CE 2, 359–429).
  - Peirce, C.S. (1877), "The Fixation of Belief", Popular Science Monthly 12 (1877), 1–15. Reprinted (CP 5.358–387), (CE 3, 242–257), (EP 1, 109–123). Eprint.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1878), "How to Make Our Ideas Clear", Popular Science Monthly 12 (1878), 286–302. Reprinted (CP 5.388–410), (CE 3, 257–276)), (EP 1, 124–141). Eprint.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1883), "Note B. The Logic of Relatives", pp, 187–203 in C.S. Peirce (ed.), Studies in Logic by Members of the Johns Hopkins University, Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, MA, 1883. Reprinted (CP 3.328–358), (CE 4, 453–466), (SIL, 187–203).
  - Peirce, C.S. (1885), "On the Algebra of Logic: A Contribution to the Philosophy of Notation", American Journal of Mathematics 7 (1885), 180–202. Presented, National Academy of Sciences, Newport, RI, 14–17 Oct 1884. Reprinted (CP 3.359–403), (CE 5, 162–190), (EP 1, 225–228, in part).
 - Yayınlanmış Taslaklar ve Müsveddeler
  - Peirce, C.S. (1886), "Qualitative Logic", MS 582, pp. 323–371 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 5, 1884–1886, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1993.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1886), "The Logic of Relatives: Qualitative and Quantitative", MS 584, pp. 372–378 in Writings of Charles S. Peirce: A Chronological Edition, Volume 5, 1884–1886, Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1993.
  - Peirce, C.S., "Qualitative Logic" (c. 1886), MS 736, pp. 101–115 in The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce, Volume 4, Mathematical Philosophy, Carolyn Eisele (ed.), Mouton, The Hague, 1976.
  - Peirce, C.S. (c. 1896), "The Logic of Mathematics  An Attempt to Develop My Categories from Within", 1st published as CP 1.417–519 in Collected Papers.
  - Peirce, C.S. (1899), "F.R.L." [First Rule of Logic], unpaginated manuscript, c. 1899. Reprinted, CP 1.135-140. Eprint
  - Peirce, C.S. (1902), "Application of C.S. Peirce to the Executive Committee of the Carnegie Institution" (1902 July 15). Published, "Parts of Carnegie Application" (L75), pp. 13–73 in The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce, Volume 4, Mathematical Philosophy, Carolyn Eisele (ed.), Mouton Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands, 1976. Eprint, Joseph Ransdell (ed.)
  - Peirce, C.S. (1902), "The Simplest Mathematics", MS dated January–February 1902, intended as Chapter 3 of the "Minute Logic", CP 4.227–323 in Collected Papers.
  - Peirce, C.S. (c. 1904), Καινα στοιχεια ("New Elements"), MS 517, pp. 235–263 in Carolyn Eisele (ed.), The New Elements of Mathematics by Charles S. Peirce, Volume 4, Mathematical Philosophy, Mouton, The Hague, 1976. Cf. "New Elements", pp. 300–324 in The Essential Peirce, Volume 2 (1893–1913), Peirce Edition Project (eds.), Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1998.
 - Düzenlediği Kitaplar
  - Peirce, C.S. (1883, ed.), Studies in Logic by Members of the Johns Hopkins University, Little, Brown, and Company, Boston, MA, 1883. Reprinted: Foundations of Semiotics, Volume 1, Achim Eschbach (series ed. & pref.), Max H. Fisch (intro.), Johns Benjamins, Amsterdam, 1983 (ISBN 90-272-3271-7).
 - Ders Serileri
  - Peirce, C.S. (1898), Reasoning and the Logic of Things, The Cambridge Conference Lectures of 1898, Kenneth Laine Ketner (ed., intro.) and Hilary Putnam (intro., comm.), Harvard, 1992. Text of the lectures that William James invited Peirce to give in Cambridge, MA.
 - Antolojiler, Koleksiyonlar, Seçmeler, Yeni Basımlar
  - Eisele, Carolyn (ed.), Historical Perspectives on Peirce's Logic of Science: A History of Science, 2 vols., DeGruyter, Berlin, Germany, 1985.
Hardwick, C.S. (ed.), Semiotic and Significs: The Correspondence between C.S. Peirce and Victoria Lady Welby, Texas Technological University Press, Lubbock, TX, 1977, 2001.
 - İkincil Kaynaklar
  - Anellis, I.H. (1995), "Peirce Rustled, Russell Pierced: How Charles Peirce and Bertrand Russell Viewed Each Other's Work in Logic, and an Assessment of Russell's Accuracy and Role in the Historiography of Logic", Modern Logic, 5, 270–328. Eprint
  - Awbrey, Jon, and Awbrey, Susan (1995), "Interpretation as Action: The Risk of Inquiry", Inquiry: Critical Thinking Across the Disciplines, 15, 40–52. Eprint
  - Brady, Geraldine (2000), From Peirce to Skolem, North Holland.
  - Brent, Joseph (1998), Charles Sanders Peirce: A Life. Revised and enlarged edition, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
  - Brunning, J., and Forster, P. (1997, eds.), The Rule of Reason, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON.
  - Chiasson, Phyllis (2001), Peirce's Pragmatism, The Design for Thinking, Rodopi, Amsterdam, 2001.
  - Debrock, Guy (1992), "Peirce, a Philosopher for the 21st Century. Introduction", Transactions of the C.S. Peirce Society 28, 1–18.
  - Delaney, C.F. (1993), Science, Knowledge, and Mind: A Study in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, University of Notre Dame Press, Notre Dame, IN.
  - Deledalle, Gérard (2000), C.S. Peirce's Philosophy of Signs, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 2000.
  - Dewey, John (1910), How We Think, D.C. Heath, Lexington, MA, 1910. Reprinted, Prometheus Books, Buffalo, NY, 1991.
  - Dewey, John (1938), Logic: The Theory of Inquiry, Henry Holt and Company, New York, NY, 1938. Reprinted, pp. 1–527 in John Dewey, The Later Works, 1925–1953, Volume 12: 1938, Jo Ann Boydston (ed.), Kathleen Poulos (text. ed.), Ernest Nagel (intro.), Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, IL, 1986.
  - Eisele, Carolyn (1979), Studies in the Scientific and Mathematical Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, Richard Milton Martin (ed.), Mouton, The Hague, 1979.
  - Esposito, Joseph (1980), Evolutionary Metaphysics, The Development of Peirce's Theory of Categories, Ohio University Press?, ?, 1980.
  - Fisch, Max (1986), Peirce, Semeiotic, and Pragmatism, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1986.
  - Hintikka, Jakko (1980), "Peirce's First Real Discovery" The Monist, 63, 257-304.
  - Hookway, Christopher (1985), Peirce, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London, UK, 1985.
van Heijenoort, Jean (1967), "Logic as Language and Logic as Calculus", Synthese, 17, 324-30.
  - Houser, Nathan (1989), "The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Peirce Papers", Fourth Congress of the International Association for Semiotic Studies, Perpignan, France, 1989. Published, pp. 1259–1268 in Signs of Humanity, vol. 3, Michel Balat and Janice Deledalle-Rhodes (eds.), Gérard Deledalle (gen. ed.), Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, Germany, 1992. Eprint
  - Houser, N., Roberts, D.D., and Van Evra, J. (eds., 1997), Studies in the Logic of Charles Sanders Peirce, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1997.
  - Kauffman, Louis H. (2001), "The Mathematics of Charles Sanders Peirce", Cybernetics and Human Knowing 8, 79–110. PDF file.
  - Kirkham, Richard (1995), Theories of Truth, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
  - Lane, Robert (2004), "On Peirce's Early Realism", Transactions of the C.S. Peirce Society, 40, 575–605.
  - Liszka, J.J. (1996), A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of C.S. Peirce, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN.
  - Menand, Louis (2001), The Metaphysical Club, A Story of Ideas in America, Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
  - Misak, Cheryl J. (1991), Truth and the End of Inquiry, A Peircean Account of Truth, Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
  - Misak, Cheryl J. (2004, ed.), Cambridge Companion to C.S. Peirce, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.
  - Moore, Edward, and Robin, Richard (1964), Studies in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, Second Series, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA.
  - Murphey, Murray, (1961). The Development of Peirce's Thought. Reprinted, Hackett Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 1993.
  - Parker, Kelly, A. (1998), The Continuity of Peirce's Thought, Vanderbilt University Press.
  - Percy, W. (2000), Signposts in a Strange Land, P. Samway (ed.), Saint Martin's Press, 271–91.
  - Putnam, H. (1982), "Peirce the Logician', Historia Mathematica 9, 290–301. Reprinted, pp. 252–260 in Hilary Putnam, Realism with a Human Face, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982.
  - Roberts, Don D. (1973), The Existential Graphs of Charles S. Peirce, Mouton and Company, The Hague, Netherlands.
  - Robin, Richard S. (1967), Annotated Catalogue of the Papers of Charles S. Peirce, University of Massachusetts Press, Amherst, MA. Eprint
  - Royce, J. and Kernan, W.F. (1916), "Charles Sanders Peirce", Journal of Philosophy, Psychology, and Scientific Method, 13, p. 701-09 (1916).Eprint
  - Skagestad, Peter (1981), The Road of Inquiry, Charles Peirce's Pragmatic Realism, Columbia University Press, New York, NY.
  - Walther, Elizabeth (1989),C.S. Peirce: Leben und Werk. Agis-Verlag, Baden-Baden, Germany.
  - Wiener, Philip, and Young, Frederick (eds., 1952), Studies in the Philosophy of C.S. Peirce, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
  - Wennerberg, Hjalmar (1962), The Pragmatism of C.S. Peirce, An Analytical Study, Gleerup, Lund, Sweden.