# Archaeology And Cultural Heritage: Shire Hill Quarry, Glossop, Derbys.

NGR: SK 0540 9445
MPA: Peak District National Park Authority Planning Ref.: HPK1197168
PCAS Job No.: 808 PCAS Site Code: SHGD11

# Report Prepared For Mineral Surveying Services Limited

On behalf of Marchington Stone Ltd., By, K.D. Francis (BA MIfA)
August-September 2011
Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd
47, Manor Road Saxilby Lincoln LN1 2HX
Tel.  01522 703800
Fax.  01522 703656
Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd

## Contents

List of Figures...........................................................................................................................2
List of Plates.............................................................................................................................3 Non-Technical Summary..........................................................................................................5 1.0
Introduction....................................................................................................................6
2.0
Planning Background and Proposals .............................................................................6
3.0
Methodology..................................................................................................................7
4.0
The Site.........................................................................................................................8
4.1
Site Location..................................................................................................... 8
4.2
Topography and Geology (Plates 1-27)............................................................. 9
4.3 Boreholes and Site Investigations ................................................................... 10
4.4
Site Visit.......................................................................................................... 11
5.0
Archaeological and Historical Background...................................................................12
5.1
Undated Archaeological evidence................................................................... 14
5.2
Prehistoric (c.500, 000 BC - 43 AD) ............................................................... 14
5.3
Roman (43 AD - 409 AD) ............................................................................... 14
5.4
Saxon (410 - 1066 AD)................................................................................... 15
5.5
Medieval (1066 - 1539 AD)............................................................................. 16
5.6
Post-medieval (1540 - 1900) .......................................................................... 16
5.7
Modern (1900 - Present)................................................................................. 20
5.8
Synthesis of Archaeological Potential ............................................................. 21
6.0
Heritage Designations..................................................................................................22
6.1
Hedgerows, Ancient Woodland....................................................................... 22
6.2
Conservation Areas......................................................................................... 23
6.3
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites................................................. 23
6.4 Listed Buildings and their Settings .................................................................. 23 6.5
Historic Parks and Gardens ............................................................................ 23
6.7
Significance of the Heritage Designations....................................................... 24
7.0
Potential Impact on Archaeological Remains & Cultural Heritage ................................24
8.0 
Conclusions and Recommendations............................................................................24
9.0
Acknowledgements......................................................................................................25
10.0
Consultations and Searches, etc. ................................................................................25
11.0
References and Background Sources..........................................................................26
Maps Consulted....................................................................................................... 28 Web-pages.............................................................................................................. 29
12.0 
Appendices: .............................................................................................................30
Appendix 1: Plates................................................................................................... 30 Appendix 2: Site walkover grid co-ordinates ............................................................ 44 Appendix 3: The Buildings at Shire Hill Quarry, Glossop ......................................... 45 Appendix 4: DHER Monument Entries within a 1 km radius of the site (DHER)....... 51
Appendix 5: NMR listings of vertical aerial photographs .......................................... 53
Figures...................................................................................................................................54

## List Of Figures

1. 
Site location. Site ownership in blue; Site extraction boundary in red. Based on the 
1:25,000 OS Explorer map, sheet Ol1.
2.
Detailed site plan showing locations of plates and GPS co-ordinates. Original 
topographic survey by SV Surveying Ltd. 
3.
Peak District Historic Landscape Character Information relating to the site. Courtesy of 
PDNPA. Not to scale.
4.
DHER Monument records within a 1km radius of the site (courtesy of DCC).
5.
Composite aerial view of the site in September 1971 from NMR OS/71463 (frames 62 
& 63), EH permission pending.
6. 
Aerial view of the site in May 1992 from NMR OS/92319 (frame 73), EH permission 
pending.
7.
Shire Hill in 1764 (DRO REF: D3705 18/11). Not to scale.
8. 
The site in 1876. Extract from the First Edition 25" OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9). Not to 
scale.
9. 
The site in 1898. Extract from the Second Edition 25" OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9). Not 
to scale.
10. 
The site in 1914. Extract from the Third Edition 25" OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9). Not to 
scale.
11. 
The site in 1956. Extract from the 1:10,560 OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9). Scale c. 
1:7,500.
12.
Detailed topographic plan of the site showing the extent of previous quarrying from historic OS maps and aerial photographs. Scale 1:1250. After SV Surveying Ltd. 
' Ordnance Survey maps reproduced with the sanction of the Controller of HM Stationery Office (PCAS Licence No. 100049278).

## List Of Plates Open Quarry / Extraction Area

1a. View to the east across the open quarry in the 1980s showing the extent of quarry working
(Courtesy of David Marchington)
1b. Current view to the east across the open quarry 2. View to the southeast across the open quarry 3. The northern edge of the open quarry, looking west
4. View to the southwest across the open quarry
5. View to the northwest across the SW corner of the open quarry
6. View to the northeast along the face of the open quarry 7. View to the northwest inside the centre of the open quarry 8. View to the northeast inside the centre of the open quarry
9. View east across the spoil terrace in the SE corner of the open quarry
10. View west towards the access road along the southern edge of the open quarry

## Eastern Peripheral Zone

11. Dry-stone boundary wall extending into the eastern edge of the site
12. Dry-stone boundary wall covered with quarry spoil on the eastern edge of the site, 
13. Dry-stone Revetment wall supporting quarry spoil at the eastern edge of the site 14. The eastern peripheral zone at the NE corner of the site, looking northeast 15. The eastern peripheral zone, looking northwest

## South-Western Peripheral Zone

16. The south-western peripheral zone, looking southeast
17. The south-western peripheral zone, looking east 18. The south-western peripheral zone, looking west
19. The south-western peripheral zone, looking northwest towards the blast shelter and gunpowder store
20. The remains of the early 20th century 'chute' or 'cutting', looking southeast

## Blue Ownership Area

21. View SSE from the southern extent of the south-western peripheral zone into the blue ownership area

22. View southeast across the blue ownership area
23. View west across the blue ownership area in the SW corner of the site
24. View south across the blue ownership area from the SE spoil terrace
25. View west across the access road to the modern lorry run-off within the blue ownership 
area 
26. South-facing section of colluvial / tip deposits inside the blue zone lorry run-off 27. View east into the overgrown blue ownership area from the settlement ponds

## Non-Technical Summary

Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd (PCAS) was commissioned in July 2011 by Mineral Surveying Services Limited, on behalf of Marchington Stone Ltd., to prepare a revised Archaeology and Cultural Heritage assessment of Shire Hill Quarry, Glossop, Derbyshire (NGR: SK 0540 9445). The assessment, which includes a 1km study radius around the site, has been compiled to inform an Environment Act (1995) Review of Minerals Permissions 
(ROMP) application for the determination of conditions (Application Number: HPK1197168). The site's application area covers a total of 9.24 hectares. A previous assessment conducted on the site in 2008 concluded that the archaeological potential of the site was negligible but failed to adequately evaluate the site. Since the previous assessment and following discussions between Marchington Stone and the Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA), the proposed scope of quarry works has been revised, resulting in an agreement that no future tree-removal or tipping activities will take place on the site within the former blueline 'tipping boundary', other than within a small, designated tipping area already agreed.

This assessment has found that the majority of the redline extraction area (5.235 ha) has been previously disturbed by successive quarrying over the past 200 years. However, the extraction area incorporates two peripheral zones along the eastern (0.322 ha) and south-western (0.625 
ha) edges of the site that are potentially destined for future extraction and appear to be partly undisturbed. A total of 13 Derbyshire Historic Environment Records are listed within the 1km study radius. One of these relates to the post-medieval quarry on Shire Hill, which this assessment has found to have been in operation on the current site, from at least 1811 until the present day. An intact Bronze Age cremation urn and a Roman coin were found c. 200m to the south-west of the site; and a possible Roman road lies to the north of Shire Hill. The remaining HER 
records all relate to site-specific post-medieval structures and buildings that would not be directly impacted by the extraction proposals. Based on the findings of this report and the site walkover, it is concluded that, in accordance with PPS5, some form of archaeological mitigation will probably be required in advance of any future works within the surviving parts of the two peripheral extraction areas. This work could take the form of archaeological monitoring during initial vegetation and soil removal and could be facilitated by means of a planning condition in accordance with the ROMP. This assessment has been undertaken by Karen Francis BA MIFA of Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd., for Mineral Surveying Services Limited, on behalf of Marchington Stone Ltd. 

## 1.0 Introduction

1.1
Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd (PCAS) was commissioned in July 2011 by Mineral Surveying Services Limited, on behalf of Marchington Stone Ltd., to prepare a 
revised Archaeology and Cultural Heritage assessment of Shire Hill Quarry, Glossop, 
Derbyshire (SK 0540 9445) (**Fig. 1**). The assessment has been compiled in response 
to a new brief issued by the Senior Conservation Officer for PDNPA (Sept 2011).
1.2
A previous assessment conducted on the site in 2008 by Pre-Construct Archaeology 
Lincoln (Rowe 2008), concluded that the archaeological potential of the site was 
negligible but failed to adequately evaluate the site's archaeological potential (PDNPA 
2009). 

## 2.0 Planning Background And Proposals

2.1
This revised Archaeology and Cultural Heritage assessment has been compiled to 
inform an Environment Act (1995) Review of Minerals Permissions (ROMP) application 
for the determination of conditions (Application Number: HPK1197168). The report has 
been requested by the PDNPA's Mineral Planning Authority as part of the EIA process for inclusion in an environmental statement, to inform and accompany the ROMP application.
2.2
Glossop's 
Local 
Planning 
Authority 
is 
High 
Peak 
Borough 
Council
(www.highpeak.gov.uk/). However, the Peak District National Park Authority is the 
planning authority for archaeological sites within its boundaries. Rural parts of High Peak Borough *outside* the Peak District National Park are included in High Peak 
Borough Council's Local Development Framework (LDF), which contains an adopted 
Landscape Character Supplementary Planning Document (SPD5, March 2006a).
2.3
Further heritage guidance is provided by PPS5, 'Planning Policy Statement 5: Planning 
and the Historic Environment', which was published by the Government on 23rd March 
2010, replacing PPG16 (Archaeology and planning) 1990 and PPG15 (Planning and 
the historic environment), 1994. The policies in PPS5 are a material consideration that must be taken into account during the planning and development process. Part of Policy HE6.1 of PPS5 states that:
….Where an application site includes, or is considered to have the potential to include, heritage assets with archaeological interest, local planning authorities should require developers to submit an appropriate
desk-based assessment and, where desk-based 
research is insufficient to properly assess the interest, a field evaluation.
2.4
Since the previous archaeological assessment was conducted in 2008, the proposed 
scope of quarry works has been revised, following discussions between Marchington 
Stone and the PDNPA. The original proposed quarry development scheme involved 
working outside the permitted area of the consent and comprised the removal of trees 
from a 'blueline' woodland area along the southern periphery of the site; followed by 
spoil tipping. Following the discussions, it has now been agreed that no such activities 
will take place on the site within the former blueline 'tipping boundary', other than within 
the small designated tipping area already agreed (i.e., on the eastern side of the site's 
blueline ownership area, between the quarry floor and the SE corner of the site, with the southern extent of the designated tipping area indicated by the thin red line shown in **Fig. 2**.).

2.5
The commissioning body has advised that the vast majority of the proposed redline
extraction boundary has been previously disturbed by historic quarrying activities: this 
assessment has focused on establishing the likely extents of all previous quarrying 
works on the site. However, the redline area incorporates two peripheral zones 
potentially destined for future extraction that appear to have been subject to a lesser 
degree of previous disturbance. These zones, located along the south-western and 
eastern edges of the redline extraction area were surveyed in detail as part of this 
assessment. The 9.24 hectare application site includes the following quarry surface areas, as defined by the commissioning body:

Redline extraction boundary: present "open" quarry area: 4.287 ha;

Redline extraction boundary: south-western peripheral zone: 0.6252 ha;

Redline extraction boundary: eastern peripheral zone: 0.3225 ha;

Total Redline extraction boundary = 5.235 ha;

Blueline former southern tipping boundary (no future impact anticipated) = 2.754 ha.

## 3.0 Methodology

3.1
A desk-based assessment of the application site, incorporating a 1km radius around it, 
was undertaken in order to assess the likely existence and importance of any archaeological remains; and the likely impact on any such remains by the extraction proposals. Research for the assessment was conducted during August and September 2011. 
3.2
Desk-based research conducted during this assessment comprised an examination of 
relevant, up-to-date information held by the Derbyshire County Historic Environment Record (DHER), including previously recorded archaeological investigations. In addition, published and unpublished documentary, cartographic bibliographic and photographic sources were examined at the Chesterfield Local Studies Library (CLL). 
Information
pertaining 
to 
Scheduled 
Ancient 
Monuments, 
Listed 
Buildings, 
Conservation Areas; and Registered Parks & Gardens was obtained from English Heritage, DHER and various online resources (see Section 11.0). 
3.3
In addition to the above, the Peak District National Park Authority (PDNPA) were contacted with a  request to access and utilise PDNPA data for the site, including 
Historic Landscape Character analysis and other recently produced survey data. A copy of all available data for the site was forwarded for examination to PCAS Ltd by the Senior Conservation Officer.
3.4
The information obtained from the various sources was analysed and a map regression 
exercise undertaken, in order to assess the likely prehistoric and historic land-use of 
the site. The assessment also incorporated a site visit and detailed walkover survey to 
identify any unrecorded archaeology, to examine the topography and to record previous and current land use.
3.5
The potential of a site to contain archaeological remains is based upon a consideration 
of its topography and the distribution and nature of recorded archaeological finds and 
other sites in the locality. Archaeological potential has been measured as Negligible, Low, Moderate or **High**.

3.6
At the time of writing there is no nationally agreed method of measuring the relative 
significance of archaeological sites and monuments. The relative significance of any 
identified heritage assets have therefore been assessed and described against the 
following terms:

National
Monuments that are scheduled and protected (SAMs) under the Ancient 
Monuments and Archaeological Areas Act (1979), those suitable for 
scheduling, or considered to be of national importance but not covered 
by the Secretary of State's criteria for scheduling. 
Grade I Listed Buildings. Registered Parks & Gardens
Regional
Sites listed in the HER or other sources, which are of a reasonably welldefined extent, nature and date and significant examples in the regional/county context. Grade II* Listed Buildings.
District
Sites listed in the HER or other sources, which are of less well-defined 
extent, nature and date, and significant examples in the district context. 
Grade II Listed Buildings.
Local
Sites listed in the HER or other sources, which are of low potential or 
minor importance.
Negligible
Areas in which investigative techniques have produced negative or 
minimal evidence of antiquity, or where large-scale destruction of 
deposits has taken place, for example by mineral extraction.

3.7
By drawing together all available archaeological, historical, topographic and land-use 
information, this assessment enables relevant parties to assess the potential and 
significance of any heritage assets on, or in the vicinity of, the site and the potential impact of the proposed extraction on those assets.
3.8
This assessment conforms to: 

Planning Policy Statement 5 (PPS5), Planning for the Historic Environment, 
DCLG / English Heritage 2010; 

Code of Conduct, Institute of Field Archaeologists 2010; 

Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk-based Assessment, Institute of 
Field Archaeologists 2008;

The Hedgerow Regulations 1997, DoE 1997.

## 4.0 The Site 4.1 Site Location

4.1.1
The application site on the eastern side of Shire Hill covers a total of 9.24 hectares and
is centred on NGR SK 0540 9445. The site, of irregular shape, is located to the 
northeast of the small town of Glossop, Derbyshire, c. 1.9km from the town's centre 
(see **Fig. 1**). The site lies just inside the Peak District National Park: the western 
boundary of the park passes immediately west of the site, crossing the western slopes 
of Shire Hill to encircle the town of Glossop (http://www.visitpeakdistrict.com/). 
4.1.2
The application site includes a long, surfaced access road that extends northeastwards from the A57 Woodcock Road. To the east of the site, the A57 becomes the 
Snake Road that continues though the Peak National Park towards Sheffield. Both Shire Hill and the quarry are visible from the Snake Road when approaching Glossop 
but the quarry is not visible from the town itself, although Shire Hill is. All of the site's 
boundaries are demarcated by post and wire fences, with the southern boundary 
aligned with the contours of the hill. The site is bordered to the north, south and west by dense, deciduous woodland of varying date. To the east of the site are Mossy Lea 
Farm and its reservoir; and the rolling hills and high peaks of the Peak District National Park, including by the environmentally-sensitive area (SSSI) of the Dark Peak.
4.1.3
The site's 5.235 hectare extraction area, i.e. the 'quarry', incorporates two small 
peripheral zones that could potentially be stripped and quarried in the future: an 
eastern area, located in the northeastern corner of the site; and a south-western, linear 
area, located along the southern limit of the site's extraction area. 
4.2
Topography and Geology (Plates 1-27)
4.2.1
The Peak District National Park has undergone an Historic Landscape Character 
Assessment (http://www.peakdistrict.gov.uk/publications/). The survey places Glossop within the Dark Peak Western Fringe, an area that is more settled and cultivated than the wilder uplands of the Dark Peak itself. The topography of the western fringe is 
strongly influenced by its underlying geology. This comprises a sequence of shales and gritstones belonging to the Millstone Grit series, which have been variously eroded, resulting in the distinctive rolling topography of the area. The gritstone is overlain by 
acidic peat and blanket bog and is primarily used for sheep grazing or grouse rearing: 
the soils on the upper slopes of the gritstone hills are shallow, and in places, impoverished, mineral soils that tend to produce agriculturally poor pasture land. On hill summits the soils often have peaty topsoils, giving rise to patches of enclosed acid 
grassland and moor, frequently used for rough grazing (HPBC 2006a).
4.2.2
The lack of trees in the western fringe results in a very open landscape with expansive 
and long-distance views. The moorland landscape is historically unoccupied, although 
there is some evidence of prehistoric activity. The lowlands of the western fringe have 
been settled for a long time, with land cultivated for mainly pastoral agriculture; and small-scale quarrying and coal mining taking place. Glossop and Shire Hill form part of 
the landscape characterised as 'pastoral valleys with industry'. This is a small-scale 
settled pastoral landscape situated on the lower valley slopes, with stone-built terraces 
associated with historic mills, while dispersed outlying farmsteads and small clusters of dwellings are linked by narrow winding lanes (HPBC 2006a).
4.2.3
Shire Hill's deciduous woodland is recorded as primarily lowland beech and yew 
woodland, with areas of blanket bog on the summit, the eastern peripheral zone and south-eastern fringe (http://natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/). A small area of lowland mixed deciduous woodland on the south-western edge of the hill relates to an 
area of Ancient Replanted Woodland mapped by DEFRA. The majority of Shire Hill is 
also mapped as an area of Ancient and Semi-Natural Woodland, with the exception of 
the site's extraction area and the north-eastern quadrant of the hill, which are 
unclassified (http://magic.defra.gov.uk/). Shire Hill probably formed part of the Royal Hunting Forest during the medieval period could certainly retain areas of ancient 
woodland.
4.2.4
Appendix 7 of the High Peak Local Plan (Adopted 2005), lists Shire Hill as a 
Derbyshire Wildlife Site, under Sites of Natural History Importance.  Shire Hill, 
listed 
as site number HP 050 at SK 048 944, is defined as woodland in Glossop Parish.
4.2.5
The application site, the area of the blueline 'ownership boundary' (**Fig. 2**), is situated 
on the southern summit and slopes of Shire Hill, ranging from c.307m AOD in the north 
to c.230m AOD in the south. The underlying solid geology of the summit and higher 
slopes of Shire Hill, including the area of the site is Kinderscout Grit. This is described as 'medium- to very coarse-grained sandstone with shale pellets, feldspathic, massive or cross-bedded and frequently pebbly sandstone, shales and sandy shales, siltstone and sandstone with shale. This is subdivided into the Lower and Upper Kinderscout 
Grits (BGS 1974; http://www.bgs.ac.uk/).
4.2.6
The underlying solid geology of the lower slopes of Shire Hill, including the area 
between the site boundary and Woodcock Road is the Namurian Age Millstone Grit 
Group comprising Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone.  This group is described as 
'fine- to very coarse-grained feldspathic sandstones, interbedded with grey siltstones 
and mudstones, with subordinate marine shaly mudstone, claystone, coals and seatearths' (BGS 1974; http:// www.bgs.ac.uk/). In 1997 the Building Research Establishment (BRE) recorded Shire Hill sandstone as of Carboniferous Age from the Millstone Grit series (Namurian). It was described as medium-grained, buff to grey in 
colour with some clay holes. The average block size was c. 1500mm x 800mm x 
800mm (http://projects.bre.co.uk/). There are no drift deposits anywhere on Shire Hill. 
In the valley to the north of the hill are undifferentiated superficial deposits of sand and 
gravel, locally with lenses of silt, clay or peat (http://www.bgs.ac.uk/).
4.2.7
The area of Shire Hill and the site have been assessed by the PDNPA in terms of 
their Historic Landscape Character. The associated map (**Fig. 3**) shows the 
following:
Blue-shaded area

Overall character: Enclosure of unknown date - with irregular fields; 

Maps used in assessment: 1st ed. 2", 1840  1st ed. 25" OS map, 1880;

Description:  Land enclosed prior to OS 1st edition 2", although the earliest map to show all enclosure boundaries is the OS 1st edition 25" map of 1880.
Brown shaded area

Overall character: Managed Plantations/Woodland;

Maps used in assessment: 1st ed. 2", 1840 1st ed. 25" OS map, 1880;

Description: This area was already wooded in 1840, when it formed part of
a larger area of woodland covering Shire Hill.
4.3
Boreholes and Site Investigations
4.3.1
At the time of writing, no boreholes or other geotechnical investigations are known to have been undertaken on the site. There are no boreholes shown for Shire Hill on the BGS online Borehole Viewer, although a number of boreholes of varying depth have been excavated in the surrounding area in the past (http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/ GeoIndex/).
4.4
Site Visit 
4.4.1
The previous archaeological site visit in 2008, reported that, apart from the southwestern edge of the site, the original ground surface had been quarried away (Rowe 2008, 5). The south-western edge of the site was under woodland scrub at that time 
and did not appear to have been subject to topsoil stripping. No earthworks or archaeological remains were observed and no archaeological finds were recovered from the site (Rowe 2008). 
4.4.2
A new site inspection was carried out by K. Francis and S. Savage on 22nd September, 
2011. During the site visit, a detailed walkover was made of the whole site, with particular attention paid to the two peripheral areas of potential future extraction 
located along the eastern and south-western edges of the site's redline extraction boundary (see plates 11-20). All observations were recorded and photographs were 
taken of the site and surrounding area. A hand-held Garmin GPS was used to 
accurately map all surface features observed (**Fig. 2,** Appendix 1: plates and Appendix 
2).
4.4.3
The site was accessed via the steep access road leading off the north side of the A57 Woodcock Road. The access road extends in a north-easterly direction from the A57
for approximately 340m, before it reaches the southern extent of the redline extraction 
boundary (the quarry). The access road is surfaced until it reaches the open quarry 
area, where it is formed of heavily-compacted spoil (see plates 9 and 10). 
4.4.4
The site walkover was greatly facilitated by the guidance of Marchington Stone's M.D., who was familiar with the topography and layout of the site, its working history; and its buildings and surface features. The site was visited on a fine autumn day with good visibility and good, dry ground conditions. The quarry face had not been worked for some time and was partially covered with green vegetation and scrub (plates 1-8). 

Elsewhere on the site, particularly along the eastern and southern slopes, vegetation cover was prolific and extensive and comprised tall grasses and scrub; dense, high bracken; heather; young birch-tree strands and mature oak woodland (plates 16, 21, 
25, 28). In addition, many parts of the site contained overgrown spoil tips and large boulders and block of quarried stone (plates 14-15). The north-eastern and southern slopes of the site comprised steep inclines and sometimes near-vertical slopes (plates 14-15, 17-18, 22-3). All of the above factors made the detailed site walkover challenging, laborious and in places, dangerous. Despite this, a real attempt was made to examine all parts of the site in detail and to investigate and record all potential archaeological features. Despite all attempts, one small area of the site (the southeastern boundary within the blue ownership area) was completely inaccessible due to dense scrub, thick woodland and deep, modern machine-cut settlement ponds (plate 
27). This area was photographed from its perimeter (plate 28): the current research found that this area had been quarried in the late 20th century (c. 1970 - 1992), and has since been replanted with woodland (see **Fig. 12**).

4.4.5
The site walkover was undertaken in areas, in order to maximise coverage and to aid 
the identification and recording of any surface features. The site was nominally divided 
into the following areas (see **Fig. 2**):
1. The open quarry forming the majority of the redline extraction area; 
2. The eastern peripheral zone within the redline extraction area;
3. The south-western peripheral zone within the redline extraction area;
4. The former southern tipping zone within the blueline ownership area.
4.4.6
A number of surface and buried features were observed and recorded on the site 
during the site walkover. The first, indicated by the site's owner, were the remains of a 
mountain-biking track that had been illegally constructed along the eastern edge of the site, within the eastern peripheral area (and within the Peak National Park's land to the 
south and east of the site).  The track comprised a well-worn grass track two mudbonded stone walls; and a wooden barrier, all used as bike obstacle jumps (plate 13). 
These features (and all others observed on the site) were located using the hand-held 
GPS (Appendix 2).
4.4.7
The potentially oldest archaeological feature observed during the site visit was a low, 
dry-stone boundary wall (plates 11 and 12). The wall, which was largely overgrown 
with vegetation and moss, extended in a north-westerly direction from an area of 
woodland located to the southeast of the site. It continued into the eastern peripheral zone of the site, where it had been buried beneath modern spoil tips. This wall could 
potentially be of post-medieval date (see Section 5.7.6). No continuation of the wall 
was observed at the north-western corner of the site. 
4.4.8
A number of features of potentially 20th-century date were observed within the southwestern peripheral zone and the blueline ownership area at the southern end of the 
site. They included the remains of a concrete blast shelter and an associated concrete 
gun-powder store (Appendix 3). These structures were recorded at the southern edge 
of the south-western peripheral zone, in the centre of the site.  Another feature 
identified appeared to be the buried remains of a large, linear 'chute' or cutting. This 
feature was located on the steep slope between the existing quarry and the access road. It was aligned northwest/southeast and had a raised bank on its eastern side and 
a 'hollow' centre. Together these were interpreted as a linear tip and the remains of a possible loading chute, by which stone may have been rolled down the hill to the access road, in order to facilitate loading and carting away. This feature does not appear to be recorded on any historic OS maps.
4.4.9
A recent online trail guide document (Glossop Trail No 44), issued by High Peak 
Borough Council describes the remains of quarry railway sidings and loading bays to 
the south of the access road. No such remains were identified during the site visit. 
However, this area (comprising the southern blue ownership area) was completely 
inaccessible due to dense scrub, thick woodland and deep, modern machine-cut 
settlement ponds. It is also possible that the railway sidings were situated within the 
strip of woodland located south of the site and north of Woodcock Road: this land 
belongs to the Peak Park and was not examined during the site walkover. 
4.4.10 No archaeological artefacts were identified or retrieved during the site walkover.

## 5.0 Archaeological And Historical Background

5.0.1
References to archaeological information contained in the Derbyshire Historic 
Environment Record are identified in the following paragraphs as '**DHER**'. A total of 13 
archaeological records have been recorded within the 1km study radius (there were 11 
in 2008) and a summary of this information is shown in Appendix 4. The locations of 
DHER records are shown in **Fig. 4**.  No other heritage assets such as listed buildings 
or Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) are recorded within the 1km study radius 
(see Section 6.0 below). 
5.0.2
The current research has identified a single, previous archaeological intervention in the 
vicinity of Shire Hill. This was an evaluation conducted to the rear of nos. 2 and 4 Pyegrove (c. 200m west of the site's access road) at SK 04890 94240. The evaluation 
was 
negative 
and 
no 
archaeological 
remains 
were 
found 
(UMAU1999; 
http://www.oasis.ac.uk/). 
5.0.3
English Heritage's National Monument Record (NMR) holds 46 vertical aerial 
photographs for the 1km study radius, dating to between 1953 and 1992 (Appendix 5). Six of these photographs, taken in 1971 (sortie nos. OS/71463 (frames 62 & 63); and 1992, OS/92319 (frames 71 - 74), were selected for closer inspection in 2008 as they provided the largest scales and most suitable angles from which to examine the 
site. These six photographs were re-examined in 2011 during the current research. 
When compiled, the 1971 photographs (**Fig 5)** show a large open quarry on the 
eastern side of the site, much larger than appears on the 1956 OS map (see below 
and **Fig. 11**). The quarry and/or area of topsoil strip and tree removal extends almost 
as far as the south-eastern corner of the site. In the eastern peripheral zone, none of 
the land east of grid easting 405450 appears to have been impacted and all of the trees are in place at this time. The south-western peripheral zone within the redline 
extraction boundary also appears to be intact in 1971 (see **Fig. 12**). 
5.0.4
The re-examined 1992 aerial photographs of Shire Hill show extensive enlargement 
of the quarry following the 1971 photograph. By 1992, the quarry had extended much 
further east, impacting almost the whole of the redline extraction area, but with the visible exception of the majority of the south-western peripheral zone (the eastern end 
of this zone is heavily impacted (see **Fig. 12**). Further impact in the form of a lorry 
road is visible in the north-eastern corner of the site, within the eastern peripheral 
zone (**Fig. 6**). 
5.0.5
A digital copy of another of the NMR's vertical photographs, taken in July 1966 (sortie 
no. OS/66172, frame no. unknown) was also forwarded by the PDNPA to PCAS Ltd., 
for examination in 2011. This photograph shows only the northern two-thirds of Shire 
Hill, which appears to be rather sparsely wooded; and the northern half of the site, 
which is quarried to approximately the same extent as the 1956 OS map (see below 
and **Fig. 11**). On the summit of the hill is a white feature or structure that may relate to 
a building in that area first visible on the 1876 edition. The photograph also appears to show the footpaths on the hill and possibly the east/west field boundary crossing 
the site.
5.0.6
Historically, Shire Hill lay within the Hundred of High Peak. In 1866, Glossop became a 
borough but Charlesworth appears to have lain just outside the borough boundary. 
Charlesworth Parish was created in 1894 from the rural part of the parish of Glossop
(Bartholomew 1966; http://ukbmd.org.uk/). Kelly's (1928) records that prior to the Local 
Government Act of 1894, Glossop Parish comprised seven hamlets, including 
Charlesworth. Old Glossop was originally a small agricultural settlement, which 
developed as the medieval market town and administrative centre for *Glossopdale*; a 
dispersed agricultural community based around six hillside communities. 
5.0.7
The current research has found that Shire Hill Quarry has been exploited for gritstone 
since at least 1811 (Farey 1811). Historically, the stone was used to create millstones and pulp-stones, the latter used in the paper-making industry. More recently, 
gritstone from the site has been used for block-stone for building and for paving 
stones and has been exported to Scandinavia and Canada. Marchington Stone 
acquired the site in 1980 (plate 1a). The quarry has been worked intermittently on a small scale over the past few years (D. Marchington *pers. comm*.). 

5.1
Undated Archaeological evidence 
5.1.1
There are no undated monuments recorded on the DHER, either within the proposed extraction site or the 1km study radius. 
5.2
Prehistoric (c.500, 000 BC - 43 AD)
5.2.1
There is one Prehistoric record listed on the HER within the 1km study radius. This is a 
Late Bronze Age cremation contained within a cinerary urn (**DHER 3617**) found in 1958 
at the south-western foot of Shire Hill during construction works for a bungalow at Hurst Croft (Jackson 1968). The urn was recorded at exactly SK 0494 9426, approximately 200m southwest of the site. It was inverted on a layer of charcoal
overlying irregularly-placed stones and there were indications of a shallow grave, three 
feet in diameter and containing brushwood, onto which the urn had been placed 
(Ramm 1958). The urn contained cremated bones and skull fragments. There were no 
grave goods, no indications of a mound over the burial or any evidence of other burials on the sloping surface in the vicinity (Jackson 1968; Marsden 1977). A Roman coin of 
Constantine II (**DHER 6104**) was found in the garden of the same construction site but 
not in direct association with the urn (see 5.3 below). 
5.2.2
During the prehistoric period much of the Peak District was most likely under woodland and scrub (Scott *et. al.* 1973, 9). There is some evidence for some early Prehistoric 
activity in the Glossop area in the form of isolated find-spots of flint tools, including a 
scatter of Mesolithic material found near Cown Rocks to the south-west of Glossop, c. 
4km southwest of the site (Monument no. 306407: http://www.pastscape.org.uk/). Prehistoric activity is also evident from monuments such as burial mounds and stone 
circles. Limited evidence of later prehistoric activity is visible in the form of defended 
settlements such as the hill fort at Mam Tor (Sharpe 2005, 17). The Scheduled Monument of Mouselow Castle (SAM No. 23309: Ringwork in Castle Wood), a 
medieval motte and bailey earthwork, probably occupies the site of an Iron Age hill-fort. During the Iron Age, this site lay within the territory of the Brigantes, the largest tribe in 
Britain (Sharpe 2005). The Scheduled monument at Mouselow is located c. 2.5km 
northwest of the site at SK 0278 9548.
5.3
Roman (43 AD - 409 AD)
5.3.1
There are two Roman records listed on the DHER within the 1km study radius. These 
relate to the discovery of a Roman coin and a possible Roman road:
5.3.2
The closest Roman record to the site relates to the discovery of a 4th century coin of 
Emperor Constantine II (316 - 340), who ruled from 337 to 340 AD (**DHER 6104**). The 
coin was found in 1965 during construction of the bungalow where the Bronze Age urn
was found (**DHER 3617**). The coin, found c. 200m to the southwest of Shire Hill was 
ultimately presented to Buxton Museum (Jackson 1968).
5.3.3  At its closest point, a possible Roman Road known as Doctor Gate (**DHER 3636**) 
passes c. 400m to the northeast of the site. The road, possibly a prehistoric track-way that was improved in Roman times and later as a packhorse trail, passes through Charlesworth parish, between Shelf and Coldharbour Moors (Cockerton 1933; 
Smithard 1911). The route was first recorded in 1627 as '*Docto Talbotes Gate*' and may have been named after Dr John Talbot, who is said to have resurfaced it (Davies 1999).  It formed the Hope to Glossop packhorse route, which was replaced by the Snake Road turnpike in 1821. The road is also reputed to be a Roman road joining the forts at Brough and Glossop, although no secure evidence of a Roman route has been discovered: excavations south of Crookstone found metalling, although it is now known that packhorse routes were often metalled over boggy ground (Dodd 2000, 36-39).

5.3.4
The Doctor Gate road is recorded as Roman road no.711 by Roman road's researcher Ivan Margary (1973, 363). The road left the north-east gate of the Roman fort of Anavio, located on a spur of high ground on the west side of Brough village, where a major route passed between Buxton and Sheffield. The road then continued northeastwards on the northern side of the current Snake Road, which follows the valley of 
the River Ashop. The road then turned sharply westwards at Lady Clough, where a deep cleft containing the Upper North Grain stream runs.  A little further west at 
Doctor's Gate Culvert, the modern road leaves the Roman road and continues on to 
Glossop. The Roman road continued in a west-north-westerly direction and is evident 
as a wide, ragged cutting through the surface peat of the moor (Margery 1973, 363). Excavation of the road showed it to consist of grit-stone slabs with stone kerbs. Just 
west of Shire Hill, the road dropped down steeply into the valley of the Shell Brook (sic) - shown as the Shelf Brook on modern OS maps. After Mossy Lea Farm, at the rear 
(north) side of Shire Hill where the valley widens, the Roman road runs in short straight 
lengths as a terrace 15 feet wide, well away from the stream (Margary 1973, 364).  
5.3.5
After reaching Glossop, the Doctor Gate Roman road followed to hillside to reach the small Roman garrison fort of *Ardotalia*, now a Scheduled Monument (No. 8), known as 
Melandra Castle, following its rediscovery in 1771 (Hamnett 1899). The fort lies on the 
western edge of Glossop at SK 0090 9510, c. 4.2km west-north-west of the site. Melandra was built around 78 AD, using a simple earthen rampart with wooden 
palisade. It was rebuilt in stone during the 2nd century AD but was abandoned a short 
time later; evidence suggests that there was a general withdrawal of garrisons in 
Derbyshire at this time. Rescue excavations in the 1960s and '70s identified a *vicus*, a 
civilian settlement associated with the fort, as well as a bath-house (Sharpe 2005, 21). 
A small number of cremation burials and two possible cremation pyres were also 
identified. A Roman inhumation was identified in 1841 during improvements to a mill pond. The *vicus* identified at Melandra forms part of the limited evidence for Roman 
settlement within the Dark Peak area of Derbyshire, although finds of beehive- and flat 
quern stones indicate that further settlements are likely to exist but are as yet 
unidentified (Hart 1981, 105).
5.4
Saxon (410 - 1066 AD) 
5.4.1
There are no Saxon monuments recorded on the DHER within the 1km study radius. 
The only known evidence for early medieval occupation of the Glossop area is in the 
place-names, which have 7th century origins: all ten townships of Glossop have Anglo-
Saxon names and all but one of these are listed in Domesday (Sharpe 2005, 110; Scott *et al* 1973; Tarbutt 1999; Morris 1977).
5.4.2
In 877 AD the Kingdom of Mercia was dismembered by the Vikings. The East 
Midlands, including the area of Derbyshire came under the hegemony of the Danes of 
York until 917 AD (Roffe 1986, 111-113). Prior to Domesday, Glossop was held by 
Levine.
5.5
Medieval (1066 - 1539 AD)
5.5.1
There are no medieval records listed within the 1km study radius on the DHER (see 
Appendix 4 and **Fig. 4**).
5.5.2
In the Domesday Survey of AD 1086, Glossop belonged to the crown, as part of 
Longdendale, together with several other settlements. In total 12 manors are included 
in this entry, described as worth 40s before the conquest but as '*waste*' with woodland 
only '*suitable for hunting*' at the time of the survey (Page 1905, 333). This group of settlements, on the edge of the forest that filled the valley, later became the Manor of 
Glossop (Scott *et. al.* 1973, 41). Charlesworth also belonged to the Crown at the time 
of Domesday. 
5.5.3
The Domesday Survey documents Glossop as *Glosop*. By 1219 it was recorded as
Glotsop, meaning 'Valley of a man called Glott', from a combination of the OE personal name and hop meaning 'valley' (Mills 1993, 144). There are no interpretations for Shire 
Hill but other place names incorporating '*shire*' are derived from the OE *Scīr*, meaning 
either 'shire/district' or 'bright/clear' (*ibid.*,383). At the time of Domesday, Glossop lay 
within the Wapentake of *Hamenstan* (Roffe 1986, 107).  
5.5.4
By 1087 AD and throughout the medieval period, the Dark Peak area and Glossopdale 
formed part of the Royal Forest of the Peak, with settlements on its margins (Sharpe 
2005; Davies 1999; Burton 1963). Areas designated as Forest were protected from the 
local population, although a part of the Forest Laws allowed people to graze their 
animals at certain times of the year in return for rents. 
5.5.5
In 1157, Glossop was included in a grant to the Abbey of Basingwerke in North Wales. 
At the same time, a charter was granted for a Court, Market and Fair; and the Parish of Glossop was established. In 1308, Robert de Charlesworth gave the abbey 80 acres of 
arable land in Charlesworth Parish. In 1329 the Abbot obtained a Charter for a Wednesday market and July Fair at Charlesworth (Davies 1999; Sharpe 2005).
5.5.6
In the Lay Subsidy account of 1334, the Domesday settlement of Glossop was 
assigned to the Derbyshire Wapentake of High Peak. High Peak, first recorded in 1208 
AD, seems to have been known as Bakewell Wapentake in the 12th century. One part, 
or perhaps the whole was called *Aselakestou* Wapentake: this name is used in 
connection with Glossop from 1179 (Roffe 1986,105). 
5.5.7
In 1433 the Abbot of Basingwerke leased the whole of Glossopdale to John Talbot of 
Hallam. Prior to this there is no record of secular landowners in Glossop. The dale 
remained in the Talbot family until at least the end of the 15th century. It is Doctor John 
Talbot that is said to have partly surfaced the Roman road over the moors- hence the 
name Doctor Gate (Davies 1999). Basingwerke Abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII in 
1536 (Scott *et al* 1973). 
5.6
Post-medieval (1540 - 1900)
5.6.1 There are ten DHER monument records of post-medieval date recorded within the 1km 
study radius (see **Fig. 4**). 
5.6.2
Shire Hill Quarry is recorded on the HER (**DHER 3616**) as a post-medieval quarry 
where extraction was already taking place in the 19th century. This appears to be confirmed by documentary evidence (Farey 1811), which records a quarry on Shire Hill as early as 1811. The HER records that the quarry, centred on SK 052 944, covered 
an area of c.376m by 215m. On maps, the quarry is visible on the 1st edition, 25" OS 
map dating to 1876. A revised search of the 19th and early 20th century trade and business directories for the Glossop and Charlesworth areas records a single slate dealer in the town in 1846 (Bagshaw 1846) but there is no reference to any quarries in Glossop, either in 1846 or 1857 (White 1857). By 1870 there were seven stone masons and a stone merchant recorded in Glossop (White 1870; Harrods 1870). 

Building- and paving-stones were being produced in Glossop in 1922, although Shire Hill is still not named (Kellys 1922).

5.6.3
At Mossy Lea, Charlesworth, stone field drains (**DHER 3614**) were used to drain the 
fields in this area, down to the Yellowslacks Brook (Harris 1971, 198). The drains 
covered an area of c. 358m by 318m and were centred on SK 063 946, c. 700m east of 
the site, east of what is now Mossy Lea Farm. The farm was probably one of the old 
farmstead settlements before Glossop became a mill town. The reservoir was built in 1840 by the Duke of Norfolk. Water fed down the valley of Shelf Brook via a 'goit', 
before passing the rear of the former Tanyard (Sharpe 2005).  
5.6.4
The remains of a likely post-medieval sheep-dip or sheep-wash (**DHER 3615**) have 
also been identified on Shelf Brook, Charlesworth, centred on SK 0616 9438, c. 650m 
east of the site (Harris 1971, 198). The sheepfold is visible on late 19th century OS 
maps and survives as a surface feature on maps of the present day. By the end of the 
16th century the economy of Glossop was primarily based on sheep products (c. 4,000 
sheep were grazed on Glossop lands), as well as cattle breeding and spinning - the 
latter to produce a rough woollen cloth known as '*kersey*'. It was at this time that the 
open fields of Glossop began to be enclosed, in order to maximise the agricultural 
economy of the parish (Scott *et al* 1973).
5.6.5
A three-storey mill building called Meadow Mills (**DHER 6149**) is recorded on the 
DHER at Shepley Street, Old Glossop at SK 044 949, c. 700m northwest of the site. Meadow Mills is the former site of an extremely complex group of six cotton mills and mill-ponds dating from 1784 onwards, on land which had previously been open 
meadow. The surviving buildings are part of what was known as the 'New Mill' in 1852. 
In later years (1891, 1922) they belonged to S. Rowbottom & Co.  The 1881 map (not illustrated) apparently shows Meadow Mills with five mill ponds and names Warth Mill, 
Water Mill and Meadow Mills, all cotton mills. It also shows a gasometer near Warth 
Mill and a rope walk to the south of Meadow Mills. The HER records that Meadow Mills 
is now swamped by the 1980s buildings of Glossop Super Alloys (Fowkes 1984, 21; 
Hanmer and Winterbottom 1991). 
5.6.6
Another cotton mill at Glossop, Hurst Hill Cotton Mill (**DHER 6151**), located at SK 049 
940, c.1km southwest of the site, was a small, two-storey gritstone cotton mill dating to c. 1800-1830. In 1984 the site was occupied by small firms (Fowkes 1984, 21). 
5.6.7
Place-name evidence for a former post-medieval tannery is recorded on the Derbyshire 
HER: the place name 'The Tanyard' (**DHER 6150**) is shown on the first edition OS map 
of c. 1880 and on all succeeding maps until at least 1924. The possible tannery is 
recorded at SK 048 948, c. 400m northwest of the site.
5.6.8
A post-medieval monument record on the DHER relates to a former 19th-century 
tollhouse (**DHER 3639**) located on the A57 Woodcock Road at Shire Hill at SK 0555 
9431, c. 100m southeast of the site. The two-storey building is constructed of stone 
and has a blank area on a projecting bay to house a toll board. The house has been extended on the western side and at the rear.

5.6.9
A series of earthworks have been identified from an aerial photograph and identified as 
ancient field boundaries, although these are recorded as of post-medieval date on the 
HER (**DHER 3646**). The boundaries are described as an area of 'ancient' field 
boundaries underlying walls at Lightside, near Glossop, on the east side of Shittern Clough, c. 700m northeast of the site. It is recorded elsewhere that in 1592, the tenant farmers of Glossop enclosed their own lands with dry-stone walls, thereby abolishing 
the open fields of medieval Glossop (Davies 1999). It was not until the 19th century that 
concerted efforts were made by parliament to enclose common ground, although there was little freehold land within the parish of Glossop to enclose; this suggests that the Lords of the Manor had already been undertaking this process without an act of parliament (Sharpe 2005, 43).                                              
5.6.10 The remains of a stone trough (**DHER 33318**) in the form of a rectangular 'kerb' 
covered with grass, were recorded in 1977 and 1980 in the roadside verge opposite the Royal Oak Public House on Sheffield Road at SK 0492 9417, c. 300m southwest of the site.
5.6.11 A post-medieval boundary stone (**DHER 33319**) inscribed 'Glossop' and 'Whitfield' was 
recorded in 1977 beside the gate at the entrance to the Glossop and District Golf 
Course, along the south side of Hurst Brook at SK 0503 9400, c. 400m southwest of 
the site. The feature was marked as 'Stone' on late 19th-century maps. The stone lay 
fallen in 1977 and it is uncertain whether it still survives.
5.6.12 A series of maps dating to 1764 and showing land enclosure in Charlesworth Parish 
relate to Shire Hill, although it is difficult to relate the maps to the site itself due to a lack 
of features that can be related with any certainty to modern day maps. The maps are 
very difficult to decipher but one of the them (**Fig. 7**) shows the circular 'Top of Shire 
Hill' and, adjacent to it, a strip of irregularly-shaped land parcels named as the following 
(top to bottom): Moorhouse Bank; George Cote Bank; Nar George Cote Bank; New 
Sparse(?) Field; and *The Long Field Head / Parcel (?) Which fires one Tola..?* The map 
states that, 'Shire is a C---- Part of this delivered to ------ a draught of 2 pieces of Whitebottom(?) and a piece of Chew Field and parcels (?) of Clough Side nursery and Long ------. 
5.6.13 The associated 1764 maps appears to confirm the existence of, '2 pieces of land at 
Whitebottom ------- Nursery and from which the Nursery Wood ----- by James Cooper(?). November 24, 1764'. Also that, 'Chew Head or Higher Chew held by 
Thomas Thornelsy(?)'. Two of the maps also show a building called *Pye Greave*, which 
almost certainly relates to the farm called 'Pyegrove', visible to the immediate west of 
Shire Hill on late 19th and early 20th-century maps (see **Figs. 8, 9 & 10**). Despite these 
1764 land parcels being unprovenanced here, the maps do show that Shire Hill was 
under plantation at the end of the 18th century and that in 1764, some areas contained 
evergreen 'firs'; and that areas of young nursery woodland were being curated. This 
correlates with the PDNPA's HLC survey, which has shown that the whole southwestern corner of the site and the eastern peripheral zone were already wooded in 
1840, when they formed part of a larger area of woodland covering Shire Hill (see Fig. 
3). The 1764 maps also show that the hill was under multiple ownership and/or tenancy 
at that time. There is no evidence of stone quarrying visible on the maps. 
5.6.14 After 1780, Glossop experienced a great and sustained burst of building on a scale not 
previously experienced. At this time, the Glossop quarries, which had possibly 
developed following the extensive farmhouse rebuilding of the 17th century, produced 
millstones, freestones and flagstones for paving or roofing. In 1803 there were 
Gritstone quarries in operation at Charlesworth, Hadfield, Simmondley, Whitfield, 
Chunal and Glossop Low (Davies 1999; Scott *et al* 1973). In his 3-volume list of 
Derbyshire quarries published in 1811, John Farey included Charlesworth Quarry in 
Glossop, as one of the Freestone or '*Ashler*' quarries in operation at that time 
containing suitable 3rd Grit deposits (Farey 1811). Farey also makes one mention of 
Shire Hill, half mile SE of Glossop, as an existing quarry containing 1st or lowest 
rectangular grit rock (http://books.google.com/books). This strongly suggests that the quarry was being exploited on a significant scale by 1811. 
5.6.15 Glossopdale' had a rich water supply from the streams flowing off Kinder and Bleaklow, 
including the Shelf Brook; as well as easy access to stone and coal, which all 
contributed to Glossop becoming a mill town by the end of the 18th century (HPBC 
2006b; Smith 1928; Hills 2004; Burgess 1993, 32). In a 75-year period from 1784, the number of textile mills in Glossop rose from 1 to 60 (Christian 1978, 152). To cope with the influx of workers needed, the Duke of Norfolk, as lord of the manor, built a planned settlement to the south of Glossop called Howard Town (Burgess 1993, 32). This 
planned settlement is now called Glossop and the original settlement is called Old 
Glossop. In the 1801 census there were 2,759 people in the townships of Glossopdale, a doubling since 1740. 
5.6.16 The Glossop to Sheffield Snake Road turnpike was granted under an Act of 1818 and 
constructed in 1821 (HPBC 2006b, 7; Hickinson and Brown 2004, 47). Prior to the construction of the turnpike, a road existed along the Woodlands Valley; Lord Telford 
built a new section of road between Glossop and the Doctor Gate Culvert (Sharpe 
2005).
5.6.17 By 1821, the Glossop population had almost doubled again to 5,135. This expansion 
resulted in the extension of local quarries. A map of Glossop dating to 1819 (not 
illustrated) shows Shire Hill, but there is no quarry visible or road beneath it (Scott et al 1973). Locally quarried coursed and squared-pitched faced gritstone was the
predominant walling material used in Glossop for walls, chimneys and boundary walls. Glossop Low Quarry, which was situated c. 1.5km north of Shire Hill, is recorded as 
being worked in 1813. Shelf Quarry and Mouselow Quarry were both operational in 
1840. The decline of stone as a roofing material began in the 1840's when the railway 
to Glossop was opened. After this date Welsh slate (which was lighter than grey slate) was brought in cheaply and the number of local quarries began to decline (HPBC 
2006b, 27; Smith 1928, 37). A slight resurgence in the use of local stone probably occurred in the 1850s, when the turnpike roads were completed and Glossop 
underwent a great building programme. This included two massive projects: the construction of a number of reservoirs along the River Etherow; and the building of the second Woodhead Tunnel for the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway 
(Smith 1928, 37). Evidence of this is suggested by the fact that there were 236 
Stonemasons and four Quarry Masters listed in Glossop on the 1851 census, although all of the latter were living on the Whitfield side of the Dale. The sled roads from Glossop Low Quarry along which horses hauled the stone survive in Glossop to the 
present day (HPBC 2006b, 5, 7).
5.6.18 During the cotton famine of the 1860s, many local roads, reservoirs and land 
reclamation programmes were undertaken in Glossop by the public Works Committee, with added contributions from Lord Howard (Hickinson and Brown 2004, 47). These 
works would have also required large quantities of building stone.
5.6.19 The 1876, First Edition 25" OS map of Shire Hill (**Fig. 8**) shows a small active '*Quarry*' 
operational within the south-eastern quadrant of the site's extraction boundary.
The 
eastern extent of this quarry coincides with part of the eastern peripheral zone (see
Fig. 2.). A very small square structure is visible in association with the quarry and 
another, larger L-shaped building can be seen close to the summit of the hill, coinciding 
with the northern site boundary. The 1876 map also shows the north-easterly continuation of the track or footpath leading from Woodcock Road, extending through the corner of the extraction area. A second, smaller path leads from this road to the 
quarry face.  A third track or footpath leads into the northern edge of the site from the western side of Shire Hill and a fourth leads into the eastern side of the quarry from the eastern edge of the hill. An irregular shaped, east/west field boundary extends across 
the site and appears to turn 90 degrees southeast, south-west of the quarry face. Two 
other field boundaries cross the hill outside the area of the site. With the exception of 
the quarry, the whole site is covered with mixed woodland. At the foot of Shire Hill is a 
'Shooting Cabin' and there are a number of 'targets' to the northeast of the hill, 
suggesting that it may have been used for hunting at this time. 
5.6.20 By 1881 Glossop had survived the cotton famine and had developed into a mature 
cotton town with a population of around 20,000 people. Many local roads, reservoirs and land reclamation programmes were undertaken at this time by the Public Works Committee, with added contributions from Lord Howard (Hickinson and Brown 2004, 
47). 
5.6.21 The 1898 Second Edition 25" OS map was only available to view on film during the 
current research and was very difficult to reproduce (**Fig. 9**.). The reproduction is rather 
unclear but shows a much larger '*Quarry*' on the site that has extended to the 
southwest since 1876 and removed part of a former field boundary (see **figs. 8 & 12**). 
The map shows Shire Hill still under mixed woodland; and the east/west field boundary, footpaths and structures are still in existence. To the north of Shire Hill are the Tanyard and the Meadow Mills mill pond. To the south are Woodcock Road, 
Woodcockroad Farm and the Royal Oak Inn. To the east are the Shooting Cabin and 
the Mossy Lea mill pond reservoir; and to the west of Shire Hill is Pyegrove.
5.7
Modern (1900 - Present)
5.7.1
There are no Modern monuments recorded on the DHER, either within the proposed 
extraction site or the 1km study radius: The post-medieval quarry recorded on the current site, is known to have been in operation from at least 1811 until the present 
day, although successive quarrying appears to have removed all traces of earlier works 
and structures within the extraction area, with the possible exception of any surviving 
features in the south-western or eastern peripheries.
5.7.2
The 1914, third edition 25" OS map (**Fig. 10**) shows a significant extension to the 
quarry since the 1898 edition in the form of a large, complex, two-part quarry face (see 
Fig. 12). The southern-most quarry face is referred to as '*Old Quarry'* but this area has 
been enlarged considerably since 1898. The quarry appears to include a number of 
slopes, tips and at least one structure, although these features have now been subsumed by later quarrying. A linear earthwork extends from the quarry workings 
down to the access road and the whole area between the two appears modified. The 
linear feature does not relate to the channel or chute observed in this area during the 
site visit. The 1914 map shows Shire Hill still under mixed woodland; and the east/west 
field boundary and footpaths still in existence. The 1921 revision of the 25" OS (not illustrated) shows the same detail as the 1914 map.

5.7.3
The 1956, 1:10,560 OS map shows a large number of changes to the site since the 
1914 and 1921 editions. The most significant change is the size of the open quarry, 
which has now increased in size majorly since 1876 (see **figs. 8 & 12**). The working 
quarry of 1956 extends beyond the site boundary to the north; as well as much further 
to the southwest, enlarging and subsuming all previous quarry operations. The track or 
footpath that previously traversed the south-eastern corner of the extraction area has 
been shortened and re-directed to serve four ancillary buildings or structures. These are all rectangular and of various sizes but all are large in comparison with the quarry: 
it is possible that they were used for drying or 'curing' the fresh stone, in order to 
harden it (D. Marchington, *pers. comm*.). There is still a field boundary extending 
east/west across the extraction area at this time; and the northern and eastern 
footpaths are still in operation, allowing access into the quarry. Shire Hill is shown as covered with non-coniferous woodland.
5.8
Synthesis of Archaeological Potential
5.8.1
An examination of data provided by the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record; and 
published and unpublished sources show that 13 archaeological HER records are 
listed within the 1km study radius (Appendix 4 and **Fig. 4**). One of these relates to the 
site itself and records the existence of a stone quarry on the same site, as early as c. 
1811. However, a detailed study of the quarry's development over time, together with 
the site walkover have revealed that the potential for finding in-situ archaeological 
remains and/or undisturbed soils on the site is limited to two specific areas (see Fig. 
12). It should be observed that the steep lower slopes of these areas make them 
unlikely to contain remains associated with human occupation but they could 
conceivably contain landscape or burial features.
5.8.2
One prehistoric DHER record is listed within the 1km study radius. This is a Late 
Bronze Age cremation burial found c. 200m southwest of the site in 1958. Although 
only one such burial has been recorded on the Shire Hill, its distinctive topography 
could have made it a focus for other Prehistoric burials and/or landscape features. On 
this basis, the potential for finding buried prehistoric remains on undisturbed parts of 
the site is deemed to be Moderate.
5.8.3
Two Roman DHER records are listed within the 1km study radius. These include a 
single Roman coin found c. 200m to the southwest of the site, close to where the 
cremation urn was discovered. The other Roman record is the possible Roman road 
known as Doctor's Gate, which passes c. 400m to the northeast of the site. The 
potential for finding buried Roman remains on undisturbed parts of the site is deemed to be Low to Moderate.
5.8.4
No Saxon DHER records are listed within the 1km study radius. The closest known 
Saxon activity to the site is in place-name evidence. The potential for buried Saxon 
remains on the site is therefore considered to be negligible.
5.8.5
No medieval DHER records are listed within the 1km study radius. During the medieval period, the site probably formed part of the Royal Hunting Forest of High Peak and was 
protected by Forest Law. The potential for finding buried medieval remains within 
undisturbed parts of the site is therefore considered to be negligible.
5.8.6
Ten post-medieval DHER records are listed within the 1km study radius. Eight of these 
record site-specific buildings and structures, the closest of which is a former toll house 
to the southeast of the site. None of these structures would be directly impacted by the 
extraction proposals. There are records of tenant farmers in Glossop enclosing their 
lands with dry-stone walls at the end of the 16th century, perhaps suggesting a postmedieval date for the boundary wall located on the eastern edge of the site during the 
walkover survey. There is also late 19th-century cartographic evidence for quarrying on
the site, suggesting that any surviving post-medieval archaeology would almost certainly be associated with Shire Hill Quarry. The potential for post-medieval remains 
to exist within undisturbed parts of the site is therefore considered to be high. 
5.8.7
There are no Modern HER records listed within the site or within the 1km study radius.
However, the site walkover has revealed that there is a high potential for Modern 
remains associated with post-1900 quarrying within undisturbed parts of the site. 

## 6.0 Heritage Designations

6.1
Hedgerows, Ancient Woodland
6.1.1
On the 1st June 1997 the Hedgerows Regulations, 1997 came into force under section 
97 of the Environment Act, 1995. There is a strong presumption that 'important'
hedgerows and other hedgerows, as seen from an archaeological, historical, 
landscape and wildlife perspective, will be protected and wherever possible 
incorporated into open space and landscaping proposals for new development. No 
historic or other hedgerows have been identified on the site: an east/west field 
boundary of unknown character (possibly a dry-stone wall), is visible on late 18th and 
early 19th century maps but was probably quarried out in the 1970s (see **Fig. 12**). 
6.1.2
A single dry-stone boundary wall has been identified encroaching onto the eastern 
edge of the site (see **Fig. 2** and Appendix 2). This feature has not been observed on 
any of the historic maps and unlike hedgerows, there is no general legal protection for 
dry-stone walls, although some walls fall under the jurisdiction of other legislation due 
to their location. The 1997 Hedgerows Regulations may apply to bank walls which 
have a hedgerow on top (http://archive.defra.gov.uk/). The late 16th century record of 
enclosure by dry-stone walls perhaps suggests an approximate date for the boundary wall identified on the site (Davies 1999). 
6.1.3
Ancient woodland is land that has had a continuous woodland cover since at least 
1600 AD and may be ancient semi-natural woodland (ASNW), which retains a native 
tree and shrub cover that has not been planted, although it may have been managed 
by coppicing or felling and allowed to regenerate naturally, or plantation on ancient 
woodland sites (PAWS) where the original tree cover has been felled and replaced by 
planting, 
often 
with 
conifers,
and 
usually 
over 
the 
last 
century 
(http://magic.defra.gov.uk/). It is not automatically the case that any ancient woodland is protected.
6.1.4
DEFRA maps the majority of Shire Hill as an area of Ancient and Semi-Natural 
Woodland; with a small, semi-circular area of Ancient Replanted Woodland on the 
south-western edge of the hill (http://magic.defra.gov.uk/). The latter area coincides 
with an area of lowland mixed deciduous woodland recorded by Natural England
(http://natureonthemap.naturalengland.org.uk/). The majority of the site's extraction area and the north-eastern quadrant of the hill do not contain Ancient Woodland (http://magic.defra.gov.uk/), but are recorded as primarily lowland beech and yew 
woodland, with areas of blanket bog on the summit, the eastern peripheral zone and south-eastern fringe. Shire Hill probably formed part of the Royal Hunting Forest during the medieval period could certainly retain areas of ancient woodland. The HLC conducted by PDNPA has shown that the whole south-western corner of the site and the eastern peripheral zone were already wooded in 1840, when they formed part of a larger area of woodland covering Shire Hill (see **Fig. 3**), although this study has shown that some of this woodland has now been removed by 20th century quarrying (see Fig.12).

6.2
Conservation Areas
6.2.1
The site does not fall within the boundaries of any of Glossop's Conservation Areas
(http://www.highpeak.gov.uk/planning/conservation/ca_list.asp). Glossop town centre is 
covered by four conservation area designations; Norfolk Square, Howard Town Mill, Wren Nest Mill and St James but these are all located some distance from Shire Hill 
and the site (HPBC 2006b).
6.3
Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites
6.3.1
There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs) or Grade I listings within the 1km 
study radius. The closest scheduled monument to the site is Mouselow Castle
(Monument No. 23309: Ringwork in Castle Wood), situated c. 2.5km northwest of the site at SK 0278 9548, between Glossop and Padfield. The second SAM recorded in the Glossop area is the Roman Fort at Melandra Castle (Monument No. 8), located at SK 
0090 9510, c. 4km NNW of the site (http://magic.defra.gov.uk/; http://www.englishheritage. org.uk/).
6.4 
Listed Buildings and their Settings
6.4.1
This study has found no listed buildings recorded on the DHER or otherwise within the 1km study radius. There are over 80 listed buildings outside the study radius in and around Glossop, all of which are Grade II. The closest listings to the site are three 
Grade II buildings located approximately 1km due west of the site on the east side of
Manor Park Road. Mossy Lea Farm, visible from the eastern site boundary, is not a listed building (http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/).
6.5
Historic Parks and Gardens
6.5.1
There are no Historic Parks and Gardens within the 1km study radius. The closest 
registered park and garden to the site is the Grade II* listed Howard Park, located c. 
2km northwest of the site, near Higher Dinting. Architect Henry Ernest Milner (1845- 1906) designed the park, which opened in 1888 (http://www.highpeak.gov.uk/ planning/). 
6.6
Areas of Special Interest
6.6.1
Appendix 7 of the High Peak Local Plan (Adopted 2005), lists Shire Hill as a 
Derbyshire Wildlife Site, under Sites of Natural History Importance.  Shire Hill
(Site 
HP 050 at SK 048 944), is defined as woodland in Glossop Parish.
6.7
Significance of the Heritage Designations
6.7.1
No heritage designations of National significance (SAMs / Grade I listings / Registered 
Parks & Gardens) have been recorded within the 1 km study area.  
6.7.2
Previously undeveloped / un-quarried parts of the site contain mature beech and oak 
trees and other species. These are particularly apparent within the surviving parts of 
the south-western and eastern peripheral zones and may represent surviving pockets 
of Ancient Woodland. 
6.7.3
The remaining heritage designations within the 1km study radius are considered to be 
of likely Local to District significance. 

## 7.0 Potential Impact On Archaeological Remains & Cultural Heritage

7.1
This examination of cartographic and documentary sources has shown that the 
extraction site has been quarried since at least 1811. The site walkover and quarry 
plan overlay (**Fig. 12**) have clearly demonstrated that the majority of the site's 
extraction area has been previously quarried and that only certain parts of the site's original land surface survives. 
7.2
The impact of further mineral extraction on any archaeological remains surviving on 
the site would be absolute. Any archaeological remains identified on the site and 
deemed to be of National significance must be preserved in situ. All other 
archaeological remains of lesser importance could be preserved by record, in accordance with an approved scheme of archaeological mitigation.

## 8.0 Conclusions And Recommendations

8.1
In accordance with PPS5, this assessment has drawn together all available historical, 
archaeological, topographic and land-use information in order to assess the likely 
potential and significance of any heritage assets on, or in the vicinity of, the site and 
the potential impact of the proposed extraction on those assets.
8.2
There is one monument entry in the Historic Environment Record that relates directly to 
historic quarrying within the current extraction area. On the basis of the above findings
and assessment, it is considered that the site has the following potential for 
archaeological remains, within *undisturbed* parts of the site only (as shown on **Fig.12**):

| Period        | Potential      |
|---------------|----------------|
| Prehistoric   | Moderate       |
| Roman         | Low - Moderate |
| Saxon         | Negligible     |
| Medieval      | Negligible     |
| Post Medieval | High           |
| Modern        | High           |

8.3
There are no heritage assets of National Significance within the 1km study radius. The 
remaining assets identified within the study radius are deemed to be of Local to District 
significance and none of these would be directly impacted by future extraction proposals.

8.4
Based on the findings of this report and the site walkover, it is concluded that, in 
accordance with PPS5, some form of archaeological mitigation will probably be 
required in advance of any future works within the undisturbed parts of the two 
peripheral quarry areas identified. This work could take the form of archaeological 
monitoring during initial vegetation and soil removal and could be facilitated by means of a planning condition in accordance with the ROMP.

## 9.0 Acknowledgements

Pre-Construct Archaeological Services Ltd. would like to thank Mineral Surveying Services Limited and Marchington Stone Ltd., for this commission.

## 10.0 Consultations And Searches, Etc.

Chesterfield Local Studies Library Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (DHER)
Derbyshire Record Office, Matlock (DRO) English Heritage, National Mapping Programme Peak District National Park Authority 

## 11.0 References And Background Sources

(References in grey were examined but are not referred to in the text).

Bagshaw. 1846. Gazetteer and Directory of Derbyshire.

Bartholomew, J. & Sons. 1966. *Gazetteer of the British Isles*. Edinburgh. Best, K. and Russell, O.  2007. A Journey through Glossop past and present from Dinting Arches to Derbyshire Level. Glossop & District Heritage Trust, BGS 1974 *British Geological Survey; England and Wales, Solid and Drift: Glossop, Sheet* 86. 

Scale 1: 50,000. Burgess, J. 1993. *A History of Derbyshire*. Carlisle Burton, I.E. 1963. The Royal Forest of the Peak. Christian, R. 1978 *Derbyshire.* Batsford Cockerton, R W. 1933. 'The Doctors Gate', *The Derbyshire Countryside*. Volume 3, pp 19-20, 
39-40. Cox, J C. 1905. VCH Derby., Vol.1, 1905, p.260; 392. 

Davies, P. 1999. *Annals of Glossop: the years 1-2,000 AD*. Glossop Heritage Centre.

Dodd, A., E. & E. M. 2000. *Peakland Roads & Trackways*. 

Farey, J. 1811. *A General View of the Agriculture and Minerals of Derbyshire*, Volume 1. With Introduction by Trevor D. Ford and Hugh S. Torrens. (Peak District Mines Historical Society, 
1989. Reprint of 1811 Edition).

Fowkes, D. 1984. *Derbyshire Industrial Archaeology - A Gazetteer of Sites*. Part I. Borough of High Peak. p 21.

Garney, M. 2002. *Memories of Glossopdale and Longdendale*. Churnet Valley Books.

Hamnett, R. 1899. Melandra Castle, Derbyshire. DA&NHJ: Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Journal: XXI (21),16. Hanmer, J & Winterbottom, D. 1991. *The Book of Glossop*. Barracuda  Books.

Harris, H. 1971. *Industrial Archaeology of the Peak District*. 198 Harrods. 1870. Directory of Derbyshire. Hart, C. R. 1981. *The North Derbyshire Archaeological Survey to AD 1500.* North Derbyshire Archaeological Trust.

Hickinson, S.M. and Brown, M. H. 2004. *Images of England: Glossop, Volume 2*. Tempus.

Hills, R. 2004. *Glossop: the rise and fall of a textile town, 1790-1950*. Manchester Statistical Society, HPBC: High Peak Borough Council. March 2006a. Landscape Character Supplementary Planning Document (SPD5, March 2006). Local Development Framework.

HPBC: High Peak Borough Council. March 2006b. Glossop Conservation Area Character Appraisal Supplementary Planning Document. Local Development Framework 3. Adopted March 2006 Jackson, J.W. 1968. 'A Large Cinerary Urn and Roman Coin found at Glossop'. Derbyshire Archaeological Journal 88: 96-7. Jeayes, I. H. 1906. *Derbyshire Charters*. 

Kellys 1922. *Directory of Derbyshire*.

Kellys 1928. *Directory of Derbyshire*. Kellys 1899. *Directory of Derbyshire*. Kirke, Henry. 1866. The Antiquities of Derbyshire, being a lecture delivered at the Mechanics' 
Institution, Chapel-en-le-Frith. Glossop: D. Woodhead, Lee, A. K., Clarke, R. and McKenna, S. 1991. The Ancient Parish of Glossop Index Probate Documents. Derbyshire Family History Society.

Margary, I.D. 1973. *Roman Roads in Britain* (3rd edn). London: John Baker. Marsden, B. 1977. *The Burial Mounds of Derbyshire*. Mee, A. 1974. The King's England: Derbyshire. Mills, A.D. 1993. *Dictionary of English Place Names* (Oxford University Press).

Morris, J., 1977. *Domesday Book 28: Derbyshire*. Chichester: Phillimore. Page, W. 1905 *Victoria County History of Derbyshire; Volume 1*. Victoria County History Series. PDNPA: Peak District National Park Authority. 2006-2011. Management Plan PDNPA. 30 Nov. 2009. *Schedule to Marchington Stone Ltd*.

PDNPA. (Updated to July 2010). Local Development Framework - Evidence Base. Peak District National Park Core Strategy Submission Version Minerals Background Paper. 2009. Mineral Strategic Action Plan. Preston, F.L. 1957. A Probable Roman Road at Hope, Derbyshire. Hunter Archaeological Society Transactions: 7, 269. 

Ramm, H G. 1958. *East Midland Archaeological Bulletin*, Vol. 1. Roffe, D. 1986. 'The Origins of Derbyshire', *Derbyshire Archaeological Journal* 106, (1986), 
102-22.

Rowe, E. 2008. Shire Hill Quarry, Glossop, Derbyshire: Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment. PCA Job No. 477.

Scott, J., Smith, J. P. and Winterbottom, D. 1973. *Glossop; Dale, Manor and Borough* Glossop and District Historical Society Sharpe, N. T. 2005. *Glossop Remembered.* Landmark Publishing.

Smith, J. H. 1928. The people of Glossop in 1851 and 1881: report of the Glossop Local History Study Group. Glossop: Glossop & District Historical Society, 2001. Smith, J. H. 1980. *I Remember: reminiscences of Glossop before the First World War* Glossop 
& District Historical Society.

Smithard, W. 1911. 'Notes on the Roman roads called Batham Gate and Doctor Gate',  
DA&NHJ: *Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Journal:* Vol. 33, 95-100. Tarbutt, G. 1999. *A History of Derbyshire.* Merton Priory Press.

Town & County Directories. 1930-31. 1857. Derbyshire District and Trade Directory.

UMAU: University of Manchester Archaeological Unit. 1999. Land to the Rear of 2 and 4 
Pyegrove: an archaeological assessment. Unpublished site report. 

Watkin, W. T. 1886. DA&NHJ: Derbyshire Archaeological and Natural History Society Journal: 
8, 212.  
White. 1857. History and Gazetteer of Derbyshire.

White. 1870. History and Gazetteer of Derbyshire.

## Maps Consulted

1876 First Edition 25" OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9). 1881. Ordnance Survey. OS County Series, 1st edition, scale 1:2500 (c. 25" to one mile). 

Sheet II.12. 1898. Ordnance Survey. OS County Series, 2nd edition (1st revision), scale 1:2500 (c. 25" to one mile). Sheets II (12) and III (9).

1914 Third Edition OS. Scale 1:2500 (c. 25" to one mile). Sheets II (12) and III (9).

1956, 1:10,560 OS. Sheets II (12) and III (9)
2002. Ordnance Survey. Scale 1:25,000 Explorer. Sheet OL1: Peak District, Dark Peak area. 

## Web-Pages

http://www.andrewspages.dial.pipex.com/ http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer/ http://www.brockhole.co.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/91219/mineralsstrategy.pdf http://www.derbyshire.net/ http://www.englishheritagearchives.org.uk/
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/professional/protection/process/national-heritage-list-forengland/. http://www.explorebritain.info/ http://www.genuki.org.uk/ http://www.glossopheritage.co.uk/ www.highpeak.gov.uk/ http://magic.defra.gov.uk http://www.oasis.ac.uk/ http://www.peakdistrictinformation.com/ http://www.peaklandheritage.org http://projects.bre.co.uk/ConDiv/stonelist/stonelist.html http://ukbmd.org.uk/ http://www.wirksworth.org.uk/

12. Dry-stone boundary wall covered with quarry spoil on the eastern edge of the site
20. The remains of the early 20th century 'chute' or 'cutting', looking southeast
24. View south across the blue ownership area from the SE spoil terrace

Co-ord No.
Feature description
Easting
Northing
1
Mountain-bike track: centre of wooden jump
05443
94466
2
Mountain-bike track: low revetment wall
05448
94454
3
Mountain-bike track: centre of dry-stone wall jump (N)
05450
94442
4
Mountain-bike track: centre of dry-stone wall jump (S)
05458
94419
5
Mountain-bike track: centre of grass trackway
05447
94435
6
Dry-stone boundary wall: north-western terminus
05453
94434
7
Dry-stone boundary wall: south-eastern terminus
05480
94422
8
Blast shelter: centre
05217
94366
9
Blast shelter: SW corner
05215
94365
10
Blast shelter: SE corner
05216
94363
11
Gun-powder store: centre
05220 
94366
12
Modern wagon run-off cutting: western terminus
05209
94312
13
Modern wagon run-off cutting: eastern terminus
05244
94312
14
Gun-powder store: SW corner
05220
94365
15
Gun-powder store: SE corner
05221
94364
th-century loading channel / cutting: western edge
05253
94370
16
20
17
20
th-century loading channel / cutting: eastern edge 
(north)
05262
94374
18
20
th-century loading channel / cutting: eastern edge 
(centre)
05260
94362
19
20
th-century loading channel / cutting: eastern edge 
(south)
05259
94350

## The Quarry Floor Buildings

The extant buildings on the 
quarry floor comprise a 
modern 
                 flat-roofed 
weighbridge 
                   building 
constructed of breeze block, 
and a recent portal-frame 
structure used as storage.  
These structures are the 
product of the most recent 
quarrying activity on the 
site.  

A 
   small 
          brick-built 
                     store 

building is present to the 
immediate south of the portal-
frame structure, and may 
represent an explosives store 
from the 1940s or 1950s.

These structures are considered to be of negligible archaeological significance. 

A modern diesel tank to the 
west of this group was partially 
constructed 
            on 
                 a 
                     heavily 
weathered concrete block wall 
which had a short return on its 
south side, perhaps representing 
the remains of a larger building, 
the return being the western 
jamb of a large door opening. 

On the southern slope of the site, two small concrete structures have survived, and were interpreted as a blast shelter and black powder store.

The Blast Shelter (NGR SK 05217 94366)
This was of shuttered concrete construction, built into the slope on the north side. The concrete contained rounded gritstone aggregate, 20-50mm in size, probably derived from the quarry, and was generally 0.22m (8 ½") in thickness, but the south wall was heavier (the concrete here being 0.28m 
(11") thick). 

The building was 

rectangular 
               in 
                     plan 
(1.68m E-W (5ft 6ins) 
and 1.64m N-S) with a 
pitched roof (height at 
ridge 6ft) and a recessed 
double door opening on
the south side.

Clear 
        evidence 
                    of 
                        5" 

vertical 
           shuttering 
                          was 
visible in the surface of the 
concrete on the interior of 
the 
       building 
                    and 
                            its 
southern 
              face, 
                        while 
horizontal 6" shuttering 
was employed on the upper 
parts of the east and west
sides. The roof was no 
longer intact.

The door opening was 1.11m (43½") in width and 1.22m (4ft) in height. The doors are likely to have been externally hung and of ledged timber construction as demonstrated by the remains of iron hinges on both sides of the opening along with recesses for the ledges of the doors.

The remains of stone walls approximately 0.25m (10") in thickness were present outside of the concrete structure of the blast shelter on its east and west sides. The original height of these walls (now only surviving to a maximum of 4 courses on the west side) was clear from the remaining concrete structure, as this had utilised them as external shuttering. It is possible that the stone walls represent the presence of an earlier blast shelter here. 

sort of porch structure on the south side of the 

## The Black Powder Store (Ngr Sk 05220 94366) Some 3M To The East Of The Blast Shelter A Further Small Concrete Structure Was Present, Interpreted As A Black Powder Store.

It was open to the south 
side, and could be seen to 
contain a •" iron box 
recessed 4'" into the south 
side; the concrete structure 
cast around it.

This had the appearance of a 
concrete cube partly built into 
the 
         slope 
                    (exterior 
dimensions: 
              0.89m 
                       (35") 
East-West, 
             0.79m 
                       (31")
North-South 
               and 
                      0.76m 
(30")" in height). 

Like the blast shelter, this 
structure was of shuttered 
concrete construction, and 
clearly displayed the imprint 
of the shuttering boards used 
in its construction (6ƒ" - 7" 
vertical 
           shuttering 
                         on 
southern face, 5ƒ" –
                          6" 
horizontal shuttering on east 
and west sides).

A 0.51m (20") wide and 0.16m 
(14") high stone platform was 
present to the south of this structure 
which was of concreted gritstone 
construction. 
             Further 
                     tumbled 
gritstone present to the east and 
west side of the platform  was 
suggestive of original flanking 
walls, but too little survived to be 
confident if this represented part of 
the extant concrete structure or 
evidence of an earlier one.

The accomplished shuttered concrete construction of these structures, coupled with their proximity to a 
quarry access recorded on the 1914 six-inch Ordnance Survey map and seen some 30m to the east, 
suggests that they belong to a phase of quarry activity in the early part of the twentieth century.

## Appendix 4: Dher Monument Entries Within A 1 Km Radius Of The Site (Dher)

| Site Description                 | Period                        | DHER          |
|----------------------------------|-------------------------------|---------------|
| No.                              |                               |               |
| NMR No.                          | NGR                           | Distance      |
| from                             |                               |               |
| Extraction                       |                               |               |
| Area (site)                      |                               |               |
| Prehistoric:                     |                               |               |
| Late Bronze                      |                               |               |
| Age                              |                               |               |
| (2350 BC -                       |                               |               |
| 701 BC)                          |                               |               |
| 3617                             | MDR654                        | SK 0494 9426  |
| (point)                          |                               |               |
| c.                               | 200m                          |               |
| SW                               |                               |               |
| An inverted Late Bronze Age      |                               |               |
| cinerary                         | urn                           | containing    |
| cremated remains was found       |                               |               |
| in 1958 during the building of a |                               |               |
| bungalow at Hurst Croft on the   |                               |               |
| south slopes of Shire Hill       |                               |               |
| Roman (43 AD                     |                               |               |
| - 409 AD)                        |                               |               |
| 3636                             | MDR706                        | SK 076 940    |
| (MBR: 2921m                      |                               |               |
| x 1337m)                         |                               |               |
| c. 400m NE                       | Possible route of Doctor Gate |               |
| (a possible Roman road with      |                               |               |
| prehistoric                      | origins                       | between       |
| Shelf and Coldharbour Moors,     |                               |               |
| through Charlesworth Parish.     |                               |               |
| Roman (43 AD                     |                               |               |
| - 409 AD)                        |                               |               |
| 6104                             | MDR650                        | SK 0494 9425  |
| (point)                          |                               |               |
| c.                               | 200m                          |               |
| SW                               |                               |               |
| A bronze of Constantine II was   |                               |               |
| found in October 1958 during     |                               |               |
| excavations for a bungalow on    |                               |               |
| the south slope of Shire Hill,   |                               |               |
| Glossop, near the site of        |                               |               |
| Bronze Age urn (                 |                               |               |
| DHER 3617                        |                               |               |
| )                                |                               |               |
| but not associated with it.      |                               |               |
| Post-medieval                    |                               |               |
| (1540 AD -                       |                               |               |
| 1900 AD)                         |                               |               |
| c. 700m E                        | Stone field drains that were  |               |
| used to drain the land at        |                               |               |
| Mossylee, Charlesworth.          |                               |               |
| 3614                             | MDR702                        | SK 063 946    |
| (MBR: 358m x                     |                               |               |
| 318m)                            |                               |               |
| Post-medieval                    |                               |               |
| (1540 AD -                       |                               |               |
| 1900 AD)                         |                               |               |
| 3615                             | MDR703                        | SK 0616 9438  |
| at Shelf Brook, marked as        |                               |               |
| 'sheepfold' on late 19           |                               |               |
| th                               |                               |               |
| century                          |                               |               |
| OS maps.                         |                               |               |
| 3616                             | MDR704                        |               |
| SK 052 944                       |                               |               |
| (MBR: 376m x                     |                               |               |
| 215m)                            |                               |               |
| 0m (Site)                        |                               |               |
| Shire Hill Quarry (the current   |                               |               |
| site) has 19                     |                               |               |
| th                               |                               |               |
| century or earlier               |                               |               |
| origins.                         |                               |               |
| Post-medieval                    |                               |               |
| (1540 AD -                       |                               |               |
| 1900 AD)                         |                               |               |
| th                               |                               |               |
| c. 100m SE                       | Former Toll House, a 19       | Post-medieval |
| (1800 AD -                       |                               |               |
| 1899 AD)                         |                               |               |
| 3639                             | MDR700                        | SK 0554 9431  |
| (MBR: 14m x                      |                               |               |
| 10m)                             |                               |               |
| century, 2-storey toll house at  |                               |               |
| Woodcock Road, Shire hill.       |                               |               |
| Post Medieval                    |                               |               |
| (1540 AD? to                     |                               |               |
| 1800 AD?)                        |                               |               |
| 3646                             | MDR634                        | SK 058 954    |
| (MBR: 406m x                     |                               |               |
| 393m)                            |                               |               |
| c. 700m NE                       | Earthworks identified on an   |               |
| aerial                           | photograph                    | and           |
| identified                       | as                            | ancient       |
| boundaries. Consists of an       |                               |               |
| area                             | of                            | ancient       |
| boundaries underlying walls at   |                               |               |
| Lightside, near Glossop, on      |                               |               |
| the                              | east                          | side          |
| Clough.                          |                               |               |
| 6149                             | MDR690                        | SK 044 949    |
| (MBR: 424m x                     |                               |               |
| 278m)                            |                               |               |
| Post-medieval                    |                               |               |
| (1780 AD -                       |                               |               |
| 1900 AD)                         |                               |               |
| c.                               | 700m                          |               |
| NW                               |                               |               |
| Meadow Mills: former 3-storey    |                               |               |
| cotton mill complex of six mills |                               |               |
| dating from 1784 onwards.        |                               |               |
| Now swamped by modern            |                               |               |
| buildings.                       | The                           | surviving     |
| buildings are part of what was   |                               |               |
| known as the 'New Mill' in       |                               |               |
| 1852,                            |                               |               |
| 6150                           | MDR691                          | SK 048 948   |
|--------------------------------|---------------------------------|--------------|
| (MBR: 130m x                   |                                 |              |
| 109m)                          |                                 |              |
| Post-medieval                  |                                 |              |
| (1540 AD -                     |                                 |              |
| 1800 AD)                       |                                 |              |
| c.                             | 400m                            |              |
| NW                             |                                 |              |
| Possible former tannery, as    |                                 |              |
| indicated by the place name    |                                 |              |
| "the Tanyard" on the 1         |                                 |              |
| st                             |                                 |              |
| edition                        |                                 |              |
| 1880 OS map and on all         |                                 |              |
| succeeding maps until at least |                                 |              |
| 1924.                          |                                 |              |
| 6151                           | MDR692                          | SK 049 940   |
| (MBR: 126m x                   |                                 |              |
| 68m)                           |                                 |              |
| 1 km SW                        | Hurst Hill Cotton Mill, a small |              |
| early 19                       |                                 |              |
| th                             |                                 |              |
| century two-storey             |                                 |              |
| gritstone cotton mill.         |                                 |              |
| Post-medieval                  |                                 |              |
| (1800 AD -                     |                                 |              |
| 1830 AD)                       |                                 |              |
| Post Medieval                  |                                 |              |
| - 1800 AD to                   |                                 |              |
| 1900 AD                        |                                 |              |
| 33318                          | MDR12809                        | SK 0492 9417 |
| (point)                        |                                 |              |
| c.                             | 300m                            |              |
| SW                             |                                 |              |
| The remains of a roadside      |                                 |              |
| trough                         | on                              | Sheffield    |
| recorded in 1977 and 1980      |                                 |              |
| Post Medieval                  |                                 |              |
| - 1800 AD to                   |                                 |              |
| 1900 AD                        |                                 |              |
| 33319                          | MDR12810                        | SK 0503 9400 |
| (point)                        |                                 |              |
| c.                             | 400m                            |              |
| SW                             |                                 |              |
| Boundary                       | stone                           | inscribed    |
| 'Glossop'                      | and                             | 'Whitfield'  |
| recorded in 1977 - uncertain   |                                 |              |
| whether it survives            |                                 |              |
National 
Sortie
Start
End
Grid
Reference
Date
Number
Frame
Frame
Start
End
Flown
RAF/58/1094
241
243
SK059941
SK045941
21-Apr-53
MAL/67096
30
32
SK048938
SK043938
07-Dec-67
MAL/67096
44
44
SK047934
SK047934
07-Dec-67
MAL/67096
57
59
SK048943
SK043943
07-Dec-67
OS/66172
169
172
SK042939
SK060940
21-Jul-66
OS/66172
187
189
SK045950
SK057950
21-Jul-66
OS/70379
238
241
SK042949
SK062950
23-Sep-70
OS/71463
27
31
SK058950
SK045950
05-Sep-71
OS/71463
58
61
SK046936
SK058937
05-Sep-71
OS/71463
62
65
SK058943
SK046943
05-Sep-71
OS/92319
71
74
SK043947
SK058946
18-May-92
OS/92319
76
79
SK060940
SK045940
18-May-92
OS/92320
17
20
SK044931
SK060931
18-May-92

## Figures

260.63
260.63