## Transport For London London Travel Report 2005 Introduction

The London Travel Report is an annual compendium of statistics relating to all types of travel in London. The information in this report is a compilation of data that are updated every year to give a picture of variations in travel in London over time, and data that are updated less frequently, but which are useful context for the yearly data. The data are obtained from a wide range of sources. Many are drawn from Transport for London's own continuous programme of research and surveys. Others are provided by the Department for Transport, the Office for National Statistics, the Office of Rail Regulation, the Port of London Authority and the Civil Aviation Authority. The sources used to compile each table and chart are detailed beneath the table. We have included a glossary at the back of the document, which contains an explanation of any acronyms and symbols used, as well as a short description of the surveys. This edition of the report includes a new 'Technical notes' section which provides additional information to assist in the interpretation of specific results. The section (on page 51) is organised by table/chart number and is referenced in the report by 'See technical note' in the commentary beneath the relevant table/chart. We hope you find that this report presents an informative summary of travel in London. However, to keep the report to a manageable size, we have had to be selective in what we have included. In many cases more detailed versions of the tables presented in this report are available online at: www.tfl.gov.uk/londontravelreport For queries relating to the specific data in an individual table or chart, please phone the enquiries number provided next to that table or chart. If you would like a printed copy a limited number are available and can be obtained by calling GTPP Business Support - 020 7126 4289. (A charge may be made to commercial organisations to cover printing costs). For any general queries about this publication please call Henry Burroughs - 020 7126 4608. Transport for London would welcome your comments on the report and any suggestions on how it might be improved in future editions. Please address these to: Henry Burroughs Group Transport Planning and Policy Finance and Planning Transport for London 42-50 Victoria Street London SW1H 0TL (email: henryburroughs@tfl.gov.uk) 

Contents
Page
Key findings
1
1.
Travel patterns in London
2
1.1.
Daily travel
2
1.2.
Travel by area of London
4
1.3.
Within-day variations
7
1.4.
Morning peak travel into central London
7
1.5.
London residents' travel
9
1.6.
Commuting
10
1.7.
Household expenditure on travel and transport
13
2.
Public transport
14
2.1.
Overview
14
2.2.
Fares and prices
15
2.3.
Bus
17
2.4.
Underground
19
2.5.
Rail
22
2.6.
DLR
23
2.7.
Croydon Tramlink
24
2.8.
Taxis
25
2.9.
Coach travel - Victoria Coach Station
26
2.10. River services
26
2.11. Dial-a-Ride
27
2.12. Taxicard
27
3.
Private transport
28
3.1.
Traffic
28
3.2.
Speeds
30
3.3.
Car ownership
32
3.4.
Vehicle registrations
33
3.5.
Cycling
34
3.6.
Walking
35
3.7.
Congestion charging
36
| 4.                                                   | Freight                |   38 |
|------------------------------------------------------|------------------------|------|
| 4.1.                                                 | Road freight           |   38 |
| 4.2.                                                 | Water freight          |   39 |
| 4.3.                                                 | Air freight            |   39 |
| 5.                                                   | Casualties             |   40 |
| 5.1.                                                 | Road casualties        |   40 |
| 5.2.                                                 | Underground casualties |   41 |
| 6.                                                   | Population             |   42 |
| 6.1.                                                 | Resident population    |   42 |
| 6.2.                                                 | Working population     |   43 |
| 6.3.                                                 | Overseas visitors      |   45 |
| 7.                                                   | Environment            |   46 |
| 7.1.                                                 | Emissions              |   46 |
| 8.                                                   | Accessibility          |   47 |
| Glossary                                             | 48                     |      |
| Technical notes                                      | 51                     |      |
| Key facts                                            | 53                     |      |
| London's passenger rail network map - central London | 54                     |      |

## Key Findings

- On an average day in 2004, there were just over 27 million journeys in London, of which 42% were made 
by car, 18% by bus, 10% by Underground, 5% by rail, 2% by cycle and 21% by walking. 
- Public transport accounted for 36% of journeys in 2004. The share of journeys by public transport has
steadily increased from 33% in 2000, reflecting the 15% growth in the number of public transport journeys over the same period.
- The number of journeys by private transport grew at a much slower rate, just over 1% since 2000, less than
the almost 3% growth in population.
- Bus continued to be the fastest growing mode of travel. The year-on-year growth in bus journeys recorded in
2004/05 was 5%, lower than the 11% growth in 2003/04, but higher than levels seen throughout the 1990s.
- Nearly half of all London residents' trips were within outer London and two thirds either started or ended 
in this area.
- Oyster, TfL's smartcard ticketing system, was launched in 2003. In 2004, 27% weekday Underground
journeys were made using an Oyster card, including a fifth of journeys paid for as single fares and almost half of all period tickets. On buses, 18% of weekday journeys were paid for using an Oyster card.
- In Autumn 2004, on an average weekday 1.04 million people entered central London during the morning peak
(7am to 10 am). This was 1% higher than the previous year, but lower than recorded between 1998 and 2002. The proportion of people entering central London by public transport remained unchanged at 88% with some increase in bus and Underground and a slight decrease in rail. 
- Road traffic in London remained almost constant overall since 1999, with a slight reduction in total traffic for
major roads (motorways and principal roads) and an increase on minor roads.
- Car traffic entering the central London Congestion Charging Zone showed no significant change in 2004, after
dropping by around 33% in 2003 after the introduction of the congestion charge in February of that year.
- Road traffic speeds in London have been decreasing since the late 1990s, except in the central area where
they increased following the introduction of congestion charging. 
- The number of casualties on London roads decreased by 10% in 2004, compared with a decrease of 3% in
Great Britain as a whole. The number killed or seriously injured was 4.2 thousand, 20% less than in 2003. Slightly injured casualties amounted to 30.4 thousand, a decrease of 9 per cent.

## 1.1. Daily Travel

Millions
Motor
All
Year
Rail5
Underground
DLR
Bus
Taxi
Car
cycle
Bicycle
Walk
modes
1993
1.4
2.0
–
3.1
0.2
10.5
0.2
0.3
5.2
22.8
1994
1.4
2.1
–
3.1
0.2
10.6
0.2
0.3
5.2
23.2
1995
1.5
2.1
–
3.3
0.2
10.6
0.2
0.3
5.2
23.3
1996
1.5
2.1
–
3.4
0.2
10.7
0.2
0.3
5.3
23.7
1997
1.6
2.2
0.1
3.5
0.2
10.8
0.2
0.3
5.3
24.1
1998
1.7
2.3
0.1
3.5
0.2
10.8
0.2
0.3
5.3
24.5
1999
1.8
2.5
0.1
3.5
0.2
11.1
0.2
0.3
5.4
25.0
2000
1.8
2.6
0.1
3.7
0.2
11.0
0.2
0.3
5.5
25.4
2001
1.8
2.6
0.1
3.9
0.2
11.0
0.2
0.3
5.5
25.8
2002
1.9
2.6
0.1
4.1
0.2
11.1
0.2
0.3
5.6
26.2
2003
1.9
2.6
0.1
4.5
0.2
11.0
0.2
0.3
5.6
26.7
2004
1.9
2.7
0.1
4.8
0.2
11.0
0.2
0.4
5.6
27.1
Source: TfL Service Performance Data, ORR, LATS 2001 Household Survey, 
Enquiries: 020 7126 4608
DfT road traffic statistics 1. A journey is a part of a trip made by a single mode of transport. 2. Bus journeys are counted as starting a new journey each time a new bus is boarded. 3. Underground journeys are counted by station entries and interchanges within stations are ignored. 4. Walks are counted only when they form complete trips (ie walking all the way), not when they are parts of trips using 
other modes of transport.
5. See technical note.

There were 27.1 million journeys per day made in London in 2004. The number of journeys has gradually increased over the previous 10 years from just over 23 million journeys a day in 1994. These estimates have been derived from the annual estimates of travel by each mode of transport that are presented in chapters 2 and 3 of this report. Since they show the level of travel separately for each mode of transport, they may be used to derive percentage mode shares as shown in chart 1.1.1 below. Journeys and trips represent different ways of measuring travel. A trip is a complete one-way movement from origin to destination by one person for a single purpose. A journey (or 'trip-stage') is a part of a trip using a single mode of transport. A trip may be made up of several journeys (see also footnotes to Table 1.1.1). The number of trips in London was over 24 million a day in 2004, increasing from under 21 million a day in 1994.

Millions
Main mode of trip
Underground/
Motor
All
Year
Rail
DLR
Bus
Taxi
Car
cycle
Bicycle
Walk
modes
1993
1.3
1.4
2.1
0.2
10.2
0.2
0.3
5.2
20.7
1994
1.3
1.5
2.1
0.2
10.3
0.2
0.3
5.2
21.0
1995
1.3
1.6
2.2
0.2
10.3
0.2
0.3
5.2
21.2
1996
1.4
1.5
2.3
0.2
10.4
0.2
0.3
5.2
21.4
1997
1.5
1.6
2.4
0.2
10.4
0.2
0.3
5.3
21.7
1998
1.5
1.7
2.4
0.2
10.5
0.2
0.3
5.3
22.0
1999
1.6
1.8
2.4
0.2
10.7
0.2
0.3
5.4
22.4
2000
1.7
2.0
2.5
0.2
10.6
0.2
0.3
5.4
22.7
2001
1.7
2.0
2.6
0.2
10.6
0.2
0.3
5.5
23.0
2002
1.7
1.9
2.9
0.2
10.7
0.2
0.3
5.6
23.3
2003
1.8
1.9
3.2
0.2
10.7
0.2
0.3
5.6
23.7
2004
1.7
2.0
3.4
0.2
10.6
0.2
0.4
5.6
24.1
Source: TfL Service Performance Data, ORR, LATS 2001 Household Survey, 
Enquiries: 020 7126 4608
DfT road traffic statistics 1. Trips are complete one-way movements from one place to another. 2. Trips may include use of several modes of transport and hence be made up of more than one journey. 3. Trips are classified to the main mode, ie the mode that typically is used for the longest distance within the trip. 4. 'Round trips' are counted as two trips, an outward and an inward leg.

For public transport, the percentage share in terms of trips (29.5%) is lower than the share in terms of journeys (34.7%). This is because trips using public transport often include more than one public transport journey, whereas trips by private transport are more often a single journey from door to door. The mode with the greatest difference between the number of trips and journeys is bus, reflecting the important role buses play in providing access to other public transport modes, mainly rail and Underground.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London 1.2. Travel By Area Of London

Source: LATS 2001 Household Survey Enquiries: 020 7126 4608
Nearly half of all London residents' trips were within outer London and two thirds either started or ended in this area. Over a quarter of trips were interregional, travelling from one region of London to another. Public transport has by far the largest share of trips to and from central London. 66% of trips between central and inner London and 79% between central and outer London were by public transport. Private transport was used for over half of all trips between inner and outer London and within outer London. Trips categorised as within an area are naturally shorter than interregional trips leading to a larger share of walk trips, particularly in the relatively small area of central London.

Percentage
| Fare zone     | Zone 1                   | Zone 2   | Zone 3   | Zone 4/5/6   |
|---------------|--------------------------|----------|----------|--------------|
| Zone 1        | 12                       | -        | -        | -            |
| Zone 2        | 11                       | 19       | -        | -            |
| Zone 3        | 2                        | 5        | 15       | -            |
| Zone 4/5/6    | -                        | 1        | 7        | 29           |
| Source: GLBPS | Enquiries: 020 7126 4553 |          |          |              |

As in 2003/04, three quarters of 2004/05 bus journeys were made within a single fare zone, the largest proportion of which was within zones 4/5/6. This reflects the coverage of bus services right across London, and the significance of bus for orbital trips as well as those into and within central London.

Percentage
| Fare zone   | Zone 1                   | Zone 2   | Zone 3   | Zone 4/5/6   |
|-------------|--------------------------|----------|----------|--------------|
| Zone 1      | 33                       | -        | -        | -            |
| Zone 2      | 24                       | 5        | -        | -            |
| Zone 3      | 15                       | 5        | 1        | -            |
| Zone 4/5/6  | 10                       | 3        | 2        | 1            |
| Source: UUS | Enquiries: 020 7918 4599 |          |          |              |

See technical note. In contrast to bus journeys, 82% of Underground journeys start or end in fare zone 1, with a third of journeys made completely within zone 1.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London 1.3. Within-Day Variations

Source: LATS 2001 Household Survey Enquiries: 020 7126 4608
The peak in the volume of trip-stages is more pronounced in the am peak period than in the pm period. There is a significant peak in volume shortly before the pm peak period, mainly attributable to the rise in the number of bus and car trip-stages.

## 1.4. Morning Peak Travel Into Central London

Thousands
Rail with
transfer
LUL
Powered
All
Rail
to
and DLR
Coach/
two-
Year
modes
only
LUL/DLR
All rail
only
Bus
minibus
Car
Taxi
wheeler
Cycle
1991
1042
258
168
426
347
74
20
155
••
12
9
1992
992
245
156
401
337
61
24
150
••
11
9
1993
977
214
168
382
340
64
20
150
••
11
9
1994
989
221
171
392
346
63
23
145
••
11
9
1995
993
221
174
395
348
63
21
145
••
11
10
1996
992
223
176
399
333
68
20
143
9
11
10
1997
1035
240
195
435
341
68
20
142
9
12
10
1998
1063
252
196
448
360
68
17
140
8
13
10
1999
1074
258
202
460
362
68
15
135
8
15
12
2000
1108
269
196
465
383
73
15
137
8
17
12
2001
1093
264
204
468
377
81
10
122
7
16
12
2002
1068
245
206
451
380
88
10
105
7
15
12
2003
1028
265
190
455
339
104
10
86
7
16
12
2004
1039
251
201
452
339
116
9
86
7
16
14
Source: CAPC
Enquiries: 020 7126 4610

See technical note.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London

Source: CAPC Enquiries: 020 7126 4610
1. Includes coach/minibus, taxi, powered two wheeler and cycle.

The total number of people entering central London in the morning peak which had been declining since 2000 increased slightly in 2004. However, the most significant trend has been a reduction in car trips with its share of trips into central London in the morning peak falling from 15% in 1995 down to 8% in 2004. Coach use has also declined, while use of bus, motorcycling and cycling have all increased over the last decade. The relatively low increase in the number of people entering central London by Underground in 2004 is probably due to improvements in the bus network in zone 1 and the increase in Underground fares in zone 1.

| Year         | Bus                      |   Car |
|--------------|--------------------------|-------|
| 1991         | 32.0                     |  1.32 |
| 1992         | 26.9                     |  1.32 |
| 1993         | 27.7                     |  1.32 |
| 1994         | 27.7                     |  1.31 |
| 1995         | 27.8                     |  1.32 |
| 1996         | 29.0                     |  1.31 |
| 1997         | 28.8                     |  1.34 |
| 1998         | 30.3                     |  1.34 |
| 1999         | 30.4                     |  1.36 |
| 2000         | 34.4                     |  1.39 |
| 2001         | 37.5                     |  1.35 |
| 2002         | 37.2                     |  1.36 |
| 2003         | 39.0                     |  1.35 |
| 2004         | 43.7                     |  1.37 |
| Source: CAPC | Enquiries: 020 7126 4610 |       |

Although the volume of cars coming into central London in the peak had been declining, car occupancy rates have increased from 1.32 persons per vehicle in 1991 to 1.37 in 2004. The average occupancy of buses has also risen with the introduction of larger buses and after increasing by 12% between 2003 and 2004, is 58% higher than ten years previously.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London

Source: Isle of Dogs Cordon Survey Enquiries: 020 7126 4306
1. Includes vans, taxis, motorcycles and goods vehicles.

The number of people entering the Isle of Dogs rose by more than 20% between 2003 and 2004. The Jubilee line has the largest share (46%), which continued to grow during 2004.

## 1.5. London Residents' Travel

|                                               |                          | Average length   | Percentage   | Percentage   | Percentage during   |
|-----------------------------------------------|--------------------------|------------------|--------------|--------------|---------------------|
| Mode                                          | Stages (m)               | (km)             | Work         | Education    | peak periods        |
| Bus                                           | 2.8                      | 3.5              | 32           | 19           | 48                  |
| Croydon Tramlink                              | 0.1                      | 3.8              | 40           | 9            | 55                  |
| Underground                                   | 1.6                      | 7.2              | 62           | 10           | 63                  |
| DLR                                           | 0.1                      | 4.0              | 67           | 9            | 58                  |
| National Rail                                 | 0.9                      | 13.5             | 69           | 8            | 69                  |
| Car/van                                       | 8.1                      | 6.8              | 30           | 7            | 46                  |
| Motorcycle                                    | 0.1                      | 8.9              | 68           | 4            | 57                  |
| Taxi                                          | 0.3                      | 7.2              | 30           | 3            | 30                  |
| Walk                                          | 5.5                      | 0.8              | 14           | 16           | 36                  |
| Bicycle                                       | 0.3                      | 3.2              | 48           | 8            | 53                  |
| All modes                                     | 19.7                     | 4.5              | 31           | 12           | 46                  |
| Source: LATS 2001 Household Survey            | Enquiries: 020 7126 4608 |                  |              |              |                     |
| 1. Walk excludes walks to access other modes. |                          |                  |              |              |                     |
| 2. Average length is crow fly distance.       |                          |                  |              |              |                     |

Almost a third of trip-stages made by London residents were to, from, or in the course of work. Just under half of residents' trip-stages were made during peak periods.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London 1.6. Commuting

Percentage
| Area of workplace                | Area of residence        |
|----------------------------------|--------------------------|
| Rest of                          | Rest of                  |
| Central                          | inner                    |
| Main mode                        | London                   |
| Car and van                      | 11                       |
| Motorbike, moped, scooter        | 2                        |
| Bicycle                          | 3                        |
| Bus and coach                    | 13                       |
| National Rail                    | 38                       |
| Underground, tram, light rail    | 28                       |
| Walk                             | 4                        |
| Other modes                      | 1                        |
| All modes                        | 100                      |
| Source: Labour Force Survey, ONS | Enquiries: 020 7944 4955 |

Two thirds of those who work in central London travel there by national rail or Underground, while 11% use a car or van as their main mode of transport. For London as a whole, car or van use rises to 40% compared with 76% for the rest of Great Britain. Among those who live in London, travel patterns to work differ markedly between residents of inner London who are more likely to travel by public transport, and those in outer London the majority of whom drive to work.

Minutes
Area of workplace
Rest of
Rest of
Central
inner
Outer
All
Great
Great
Main mode
London
London
London
London
Britain
Britain
Car and van
53
38
31
35
23
24
Motorbike, moped, scooter
32
30
28
30
19
21
Bicycle
29
26
22
26
16
17
Bus and coach
46
40
37
40
33
35
National Rail
69
72
65
70
58
65
Underground, tram, light rail
50
50
51
50
42
49
Walk
18
14
14
14
12
12
All modes1
55
42
32
42
23
26
Source: Labour Force Survey, ONS
Enquiries: 020 7944 4955 
1. All includes modes not listed (e.g. taxi).

Commuters working in central London take on average 55 minutes to travel to work, compared with 32 minutes for commuters working in outer London and 23 minutes for the rest of Great Britain. Commuters by car to central London spend more than twice the amount of time travelling to work as those in the rest of Great Britain and two thirds more than workers in outer London.

## 1. Travel Patterns In London Chart 1.6.1 Usual Means Of Travel To Work By Ward Of Residence (2001)

See technical note.

13 to 47
6 to 13
Less than 6
27 to 59 11 to 27 Less than 11

## 1. Travel Patterns In London Chart 1.6.1 Usual Means Of Travel To Work By Ward Of Residence (2001) (Continued)

See technical note.

Bus

## 1. Travel Patterns In London 1.7. Household Expenditure On Travel And Transport

Pounds
| Motoring                                                                               | Fares and other travel costs   | Totals    |
|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------------|-----------|
| Cars,                                                                                  | Total                          |           |
| vans and                                                                               | Petrol,                        | transport |
| motor-                                                                                 | Motor                          | diesel    |
| cycles                                                                                 | Spares                         | vehicle   |
| purchase                                                                               | and                            | insurance |
| and                                                                                    | access-                        | and       |
| Year                                                                                   | repairs                        | ories     |
| London                                                                                 |                                |           |
| 2000/01                                                                                | 27.10                          | 1.40      |
| 2001/02                                                                                | 29.40                          | 1.10      |
| 2002/03                                                                                | 31.00                          | 2.50      |
| 2003/04                                                                                | 27.40                          | 1.10      |
| Great                                                                                  |                                |           |
| Britain                                                                                |                                |           |
| 2000/01                                                                                | 28.60                          | 1.90      |
| 2001/02                                                                                | 31.50                          | 1.90      |
| 2002/03                                                                                | 32.80                          | 2.00      |
| 2003/04                                                                                | 33.00                          | 1.90      |
| Source: The Expenditure and Food Survey, ONS                                           | Enquiries: 020 7533 5756       |           |
| © Crown copyright material is reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO |                                |           |
| (and the Queen's Printer for Scotland).                                                |                                |           |

The proportion of income which Londoners spend on transport has remained largely unchanged over the last four years, and is slightly lower than for the rest of the country. 

## 2. Public Transport 2.1. Overview

Passenger kilometres by Underground increased in 2004/05, reversing the trend of the previous three years. Bus passenger kilometres continued the increase shown over the last six years, but at a slower rate.

Bus passenger journeys continued to increase in 2004/05. Underground passenger journeys also showed a slight increase over the previous year but remained at a similar level to 2000/01.

## 2. Public Transport

Source: TfL Service Performance Data Enquiries: 020 7126 4616
The percentage of bus scheduled kilometres operated has remained nearly static, around 98%. Those operated by Underground have increased over the last two years by some 2% per year.

## 2.2. Fares And Prices

Source: TfL Ticket Sales Data Enquiries: 020 7126 4616
2004/05 showed the first bus fare increase in real terms since 1999. This is a result of the increase in fares in January 2004 for the outer London adult cash fare (from 70p to £1), adult one day and season bus pass prices. See technical note.

## 2. Public Transport

Underground fares showed very little change in 2004/05 compared with the previous year. While the price per passenger kilometre for Underground travel has remained virtually static in real terms over the five years since 1999, bus fares per passenger kilometre showed some increase in 2004/05 having fallen each year since 1999.

## 2.3. Bus

Average
fare per
passenger
kilometres
Traffic
Average
Passenger
at 2004/05
revenue at
Bus
number of
Average
kilometres
Passenger
prices
2004/05
kilometres
passengers
journey
Year
(m)
journeys (m)
(pence)
prices (£m)
operated (m)
per bus
length (km)
1990/91
4,141
1,180
13.8
570
280
14.8
3.5
1991/92
3,996
1,149
14.3
569
296
13.5
3.5
1992/93
3,922
1,127
14.5
569
304
12.9
3.5
1993/94
3,819
1,112
15.6
595
304
12.6
3.4
1994/95
3,912
1,159
15.9
624
318
12.3
3.4
1995/96
4,018
1,198
16.0
642
326
12.3
3.4
1996/97
4,159
1,234
16.1
669
328
12.7
3.4
1997/98
4,350
1,277
15.7
685
337
12.9
3.4
1998/99
4,315
1,267
16.0
691
339
12.7
3.4
1999/00
4,429
1,296
16.1
712
348
12.7
3.4
2000/01
4,709
1,354
15.3
720
357
13.2
3.5
2001/02
5,128
1,430
14.3
731
373
13.8
3.6
2002/03
5,734
1,536
12.9
741
398
14.4
3.7
2003/04
6,431
1,702
12.3
792
437
14.7
3.8
2004/05
6,755
1,793
12.9
869
450
15.0
3.8
Source: TfL Service Performance Data, ONS
Enquiries: 020 7126 4616

2004/05 showed again an increase in the number of passenger journeys by bus, although less than in previous years. The average fare per passenger also increased, generating a 10% increase in traffic revenue.

Source: GLBPS, London Buses Enquiries: 020 7126 4553
1. After 1998 using financial year GLBPS data.

Overall bus passenger kilometres and the number of journeys increased in 2004/05, though not at the rapid rate shown in the previous two years. Evening buses continued to see a significant increase in passengers in 2004/05, growing at the fastest rate of all time periods.

Source: TfL Ticket Sales Data, GLBPS
In 2004/05 there was virtually no difference in the types of tickets purchased for bus travel on weekdays and at weekends. Leisure journeys probably account for the slightly larger proportion of one day bus passes and Travelcards used at weekends. Bus travel is at its highest during the weekday pm and am peak periods. At weekends, bus travel is less influenced by standard working hours, with Saturday journeys peaking in the early afternoon, and Sunday journeys showing a much flatter distribution.

Percentage of
scheduled kilometres
High frequency services
Low frequency services
operated (before
Average wait time (minutes)
Percentage of timetabled
Year
traffic congestion)
Actual
Excess1
services on time
1990/91
97.3
6.8
2.2
62.9
1991/92
98.3
6.4
1.8
66.4
1992/93
98.7
6.3
1.7
68.7
1993/94
97.7
6.6
1.9
66.7
1994/95
99.0
6.5
1.8
69.7
1995/96
99.0
6.5
1.7
71.4
1996/97
99.1
6.4
1.8
70.3
1997/98
98.7
6.4
1.8
70.0
1998/99
98.5
6.6
2.0
69.0
1999/00
97.5
6.7
2.1
67.8
2000/01
97.4
6.8
2.2
67.7
2001/02
98.4
6.6
2.0
69.4
2002/03
98.7
6.4
1.8
70.5
2003/04
98.9
5.8
1.4
74.6
2004/05
99.3
5.6
1.1
77.1
Percentage change 1 year
•
-3%
-21%
•
10 years
•
-14%
-39%
•
Source: Transport for London
Enquiries: 020 7126 4616
1. Excess wait time is the difference between the actual wait time and half the service interval.

Bus service reliability for both high and low frequency services continued to improve in 2004/05. The percentage of scheduled kilometres operated (before traffic congestion) was the highest for over 15 years. Excess waiting time on high frequency services improved by more than 20% for the third year running. The percentage of low frequency services running on time increased for the fourth year running, an increase of 14% points between 1994/95 and 2004/05.

## 2.4. Underground

Table 2.4.1 London Underground key trends
Real average
fare per
passenger
Average
kilometres at
Train
journey
Passenger
Passenger
2005 prices
Real traffic
kilometres
length
Year
kilometres (m)
journeys (m)
(pence)
revenue (£m)
operated (m)
(km)
1990/91
6,164 
775
12.6
776 
52.0
8.0
1991/92
5,895 
751
13.2
780 
53.0
7.8
1992/93
5,758 
728
13.8
796 
53.0
7.9
1993/94
5,814 
735
14.6
847 
53.0
7.9
1994/95
6,051 
764
15.4
929 
55.0
7.9
1995/96
6,337 
784
15.1
960 
57.0
8.1
1996/97
6,153 
772
15.9
977 
59.0
8.0
1997/98
6,479 
832
16.5
1,066 
62.0
7.8
1998/99
6,716 
866
16.7
1,123 
61.2
7.8
1999/00
7,171 
927
16.7
1,198 
63.1
7.7
2000/01
7,470 
970
16.6
1,242 
63.8
7.7
2001/02
7,451 
953
16.7
1,247 
65.4
7.8
2002/03
7,367 
942
16.7
1,228 
65.4
7.8
2003/04
7,340 
948
16.2
1,191 
67.7
7.7
2004/05
7,606 
976
16.3
1,241 
69.5
7.8
Source: TfL Service Performance Data
Enquiries: 020 7126 4616

Underground passenger journeys showed a slight increase in 2004/05, as did passenger kilometres. Both were at their highest levels since 1993/94.

Source: LUL Entry Counts Enquiries: 020 7918 4492
Evening journeys continue to show the fastest rate of growth since 1991. Half of all weekday journeys on the Underground in 2004/05 were made with period (i.e. weekly, monthly, yearly) Travelcards, but such card holders only made a third of the journeys undertaken at weekends, when by far the largest proportion of journeys were made with daily Travelcards. This probably reflects the increased proportion of leisure journeys made at weekends.

Source: LUL Entry Counts Enquiries: 020 7918 4492

|                                                                                                     | Percentage of scheduled   | Excess journey times   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|------------------------|
| Year                                                                                                | kilometres operated       | (minutes)              |
| 1                                                                                                   |                           |                        |
| 1990/91                                                                                             | 95.0                      | ••                     |
| 1991/92                                                                                             | 97.2                      | ••                     |
| 1992/93                                                                                             | 97.5                      | ••                     |
| 1993/94                                                                                             | 96.5                      | ••                     |
| 1994/95                                                                                             | 96.8                      | ••                     |
| 1995/96                                                                                             | 96.2                      | ••                     |
| 1996/97                                                                                             | 94.5                      | ••                     |
| 1997/98                                                                                             | 95.5                      | ••                     |
| 1998/99                                                                                             | 93.6                      | 3.15                   |
| 1999/00                                                                                             | 94.3                      | 3.21                   |
| 2000/01                                                                                             | 91.6                      | 3.69                   |
| 2001/02                                                                                             | 92.9                      | 3.44                   |
| 2002/03                                                                                             | 91.1                      | 4.22                   |
| 2003/04                                                                                             | 93.1                      | 3.36                   |
| 2004/05                                                                                             | 95.3                      | 3.23                   |
| Source: Transport for London                                                                        | Enquiries: 020 7126 4616  |                        |
| 1. Excess journey time is the difference between actual journey time and that predicted if services |                           |                        |
| run to time and there are no delays due to congestion. Data not collected prior to 1998/99.         |                           |                        |

The reliability of Underground services improved for the second year running, but remained below the levels achieved in the first half of the 1990's. There was also an improvement in excess journey times compared with the previous four years.

## 2. Public Transport 2.5. Rail

|                                   | All trips                | Within London   | To/from London   | Percentage    |
|-----------------------------------|--------------------------|-----------------|------------------|---------------|
| Year                              | (millions)               | (millions)      | (millions)       | within London |
| 1995/96                           | 379                      | 201             | 178              | 53.0          |
| 1996/97                           | 406                      | 212             | 194              | 52.1          |
| 1997/98                           | 434                      | 223             | 211              | 51.4          |
| 1998/99                           | 458                      | 235             | 223              | 51.4          |
| 1999/00                           | 484                      | 246             | 238              | 50.8          |
| 2000/01                           | 492                      | 248             | 244              | 50.4          |
| 2001/02                           | 493                      | 247             | 246              | 50.1          |
| 2002/03                           | 505                      | 254             | 252              | 50.2          |
| 2003/04                           | 502                      | 244             | 258              | 48.6          |
| Source: Office of Rail Regulation | Enquiries: 020 7282 2192 |                 |                  |               |

The total number of national rail passenger trips in London declined marginally in 2003/04 following eight years of growth. However, within this overall figure longer distance trips to and from London continued to grow, while trips within London experienced a 4% decline and so constituted less than half the total rail trips for the first time since 1995/96. See technical note. Compared with 2002/03, rail trips between Yorkshire & Humberside and London showed the greatest rate of increase, at 8.2%. Trips to/from the North East grew by 6.5% and those to/from the East Midlands by 5.3%

## 2.6. Dlr

Average fare per
passenger
Traffic
kilometres
revenue
at 2004/05
at 2004/05
Passenger
Passenger
prices
prices
Train
Year
kilometres (m)
journeys (m)
(pence)
(£m)
kilometres (m)
1987/88
15.4
3.3
16.4
2.5
0.5
1988/89
32.0
6.6
13.3
4.3
0.8
1989/90
37.8
8.5
13.8
5.2
0.7
1990/91
33.0
8.0
13.5
4.5
0.8
1991/92
32.3
7.9
12.7
4.1
1.0
1992/93
32.5
6.9
15.2
4.9
1.1
1993/94
39.4
8.3
15.3
6.0
1.1
1994/95
55.0
11.5
15.8
8.7
1.5
1995/96
70.0
14.5
16.6
11.6
2.0
1996/97
85.6
16.7
17.0
14.6
2.3
1997/98
109.9
21.4
16.0
17.6
2.4
1998/99
138.7
27.6
16.4
22.7
2.5
1999/00
152.2
30.9
16.2
24.7
2.6
2000/01
195.3
38.4
16.3
31.9
2.9
2001/02
206.9
41.3
17.6
36.3
2.9
2002/03
232.0
45.7
16.9
39.1
3.2
2003/04
235.0
48.5
16.7
39.3
3.4
2004/05
242.8
50.1
17.4
42.8
3.3
Source: DLR
Enquiries: 020 7363 9611
|                                                                                                                 | Percentage of scheduled   | Percentage of trains   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|------------------------|
| Year                                                                                                            | service operated          | on time                |
| 1997/98                                                                                                         | 95.6                      | 89.6                   |
| 1998/99                                                                                                         | 97.5                      | 92.0                   |
| 1999/00                                                                                                         | 97.8                      | 93.7                   |
| 2000/01                                                                                                         | 98.2                      | 96.3                   |
| 2001/02                                                                                                         | 98.3                      | 96.6                   |
| 2002/03                                                                                                         | 98.1                      | 96.3                   |
| 2003/04                                                                                                         | 98.2                      | 96.6                   |
| 2004/05                                                                                                         | 98.5                      | 97.1                   |
| Source: DLR                                                                                                     | Enquiries: 020 7363 9580  |                        |
| Use of the DLR continued to increase, and reliability levels were also at their highest since monitoring began. |                           |                        |

## 2. Public Transport 2.7. Croydon Tramlink

Average
fare per
passenger 
Traffic
Average
kilometre
revenue
Tram
journey
Passenger
Passenger
at 2004/05
at 2004/05
kilometres
length
Year
kilometres (m)
journeys (m)
prices (pence)
prices (£m)
operated (m)
(km)
2001/02
97
18.6
12.8
12.4
2.4
5.2
2002/03
100
19.2
12.9
12.8
2.5
5.2
2003/04
103
19.8
12.8
13.2
2.5
5.2
2004/05
113
21.8
13.9
15.8
2.4
5.2
Source: Tramtrack Croydon Limited
Enquiries: 020 8394 4685

Passenger journeys and passenger kilometres on the Croydon Tramlink showed their biggest increase to date - 10% over 2003/04.

Percentage of
Scheduled kilometres
Operated kilometres 
scheduled service
Year
(thousands)
(thousands)
operated
2001/02
2.44
2.41
99.1
2002/03
2.49
2.46
98.9
2003/04
2.50
2.48
99.0
2004/051
2.49
2.42
97.2
Source: Tramtrack Croydon Limited
Enquiries: 020 8394 4685
1. Operated kilometres exclude replacement bus services operated during periods of track repair works.

The percentage of scheduled services operated on the Croydon Tramlink, at 97.2% was the lowest since the service opened, as a result of extensive engineering works undertaken, which affected all areas of the system. It is expected that services will be affected by similar circumstances in 2005/06.

## 2.8. Taxis

Thousands
Taxi drivers licensed
Year
All London
Suburban
Total
Taxis licensed
1983
16.2 
1.9 
18.1 
13.1 
1984
16.4 
1.9 
18.3 
13.6 
1985
16.6 
1.8 
18.4 
13.8 
1986
17.0 
1.8 
18.8 
14.2 
1987
17.7 
1.7 
19.4 
14.8 
1988
18.1 
1.7 
19.8 
15.2 
1989
18.5 
1.7 
20.1 
15.6 
1990
18.9 
1.7 
20.6 
16.3 
1991
19.3 
2.0 
21.2 
16.6 
1992
18.8 
1.8 
20.5 
17.1 
1993
18.8 
1.8 
20.5 
17.3 
1994
19.6 
1.8 
21.3 
18.3 
1995
20.2 
1.8 
21.9 
18.3 
1996
20.3 
1.8 
22.1 
18.7 
1997
20.3 
2.0 
22.3 
18.9 
1998
20.4 
2.1 
22.5 
19.4 
1999
20.9 
2.5 
23.3 
19.2 
2000
21.0 
2.4 
23.4 
19.4 
2001
21.3 
2.5 
23.9 
20.9 
2002
21.7 
2.7 
24.4 
20.5 
2003
21.8 
2.9 
24.7 
20.9 
2004
21.7 
3.1 
24.9 
20.9 
2005
21.6 
3.1 
24.7 
21.0 
Source: TfL Public Carriage Office, PCO Licensing Book
Enquiries: 020 7126 7865
Thousands
| Year                               | Licensed minicab operators   | Licensed private hire vehicles   |
|------------------------------------|------------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 2001                               | 0.1                          | -                                |
| 2002                               | 1.6                          | -                                |
| 2003                               | 2.2                          | -                                |
| 2004                               | 2.3                          | -                                |
| 2005                               |                              |                                  |
| 1                                  |                              |                                  |
| 2.3                                | 36.9                         |                                  |
| Source: TfL Public Carriage Office | Enquiries: 020 7126 7865     |                                  |
| 1. At June 2005.                   |                              |                                  |

While the number of licensed taxis and drivers remained constant since 2002, the number of licensed drivers reduced somewhat. The number of licensed minicab operators was also stable compared with 2003/04. See technical note.

## 2. Public Transport 2.9. Coach Travel - Victoria Coach Station Table 2.9.1 Coach Travel To And From Victoria Coach Station Thousands

| Year                                                                                                                            | Domestic coach departures   |   International coach departures |
|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------------|
| 1994/95                                                                                                                         | 159                         |                               12 |
| 1995/96                                                                                                                         | 158                         |                               11 |
| 1996/97                                                                                                                         | 174                         |                               12 |
| 1997/98                                                                                                                         | 174                         |                               12 |
| 1998/99                                                                                                                         | 179                         |                               12 |
| 1999/00                                                                                                                         | 171                         |                               13 |
| 2000/01                                                                                                                         | 177                         |                               14 |
| 2001/02                                                                                                                         | 174                         |                               13 |
| 2002/03                                                                                                                         | 176                         |                               13 |
| 2003/04                                                                                                                         | 186                         |                               10 |
| 2004/05                                                                                                                         | 175                         |                               11 |
| Source: Victoria Coach Station departure figures                                                                                | Enquiries: 020 7824 0001    |                                  |
| 1. Up to 2003/04 domestic departures include some relatively high frequency specialist London Bus services no longer operating. |                             |                                  |

See technical note. Total passenger numbers (arrivals and departures) using Victoria Coach Station in 2004/05 are estimated as 9.7 million.

## 2.10. River Services Table 2.10.1 Tickets Sold By Pier Thousands

| Piers Boarded                                                                                                          | 1999/00                  | 2000/01   | 2001/02   | 2002/03   | 2003/04   | 2004/05   |
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|-----------|
| Bankside                                                                                                               | 4                        | 3         | 5         | 45        | 80        | 109       |
| Blackfriars                                                                                                            | 7                        | 25        | 28        | 67        | 13        | 24        |
| Embankment                                                                                                             | 316                      | 357       | 395       | 345       | 310       | 255       |
| Festival                                                                                                               | 11                       | 15        | 18        | 9         | 10        | 9         |
| Greenwich                                                                                                              | 215                      | 177       | 185       | 162       | 197       | 184       |
| Millbank                                                                                                               | -                        | -         | -         | -         | 59        | 83        |
| Tower                                                                                                                  | 274                      | 237       | 224       | 235       | 207       | 289       |
| Waterloo                                                                                                               |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 1                                                                                                                      |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 61                                                                                                                     | 291                      | 178       | 272       | 171       |           |           |
| Westminster                                                                                                            | 725                      | 468       | 706       | 634       | 636       | 745       |
| Thames Clippers                                                                                                        |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 2                                                                                                                      |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| ••                                                                                                                     | ••                       | ••        | ••        | 183       | 367       |           |
| All Piers                                                                                                              | 1613                     | 1574      | 1739      | 1767      | 1844      | 2066      |
| Percentage change                                                                                                      |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 1 year                                                                                                                 | ••                       | -2%       | 11%       | 2%        | 6%        | 11%       |
| Source: TfL London River Services                                                                                      | Enquiries: 020 7941 2405 |           |           |           |           |           |
| 1. Excludes charter ticket sales.                                                                                      |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 2. Waterloo Pier managed by LRS (and therefore data collected) until 31/07/03 only.                                    |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| 3. Thames Clipper services are the only service which runs under contract to LRS. Data collected for these services by |                          |           |           |           |           |           |
| boarding rather than the pier where boarded.                                                                           |                          |           |           |           |           |           |

The number of people using the river services increased significantly in 2004/05, as a result, among other reasons, of buoyant tourist traffic and a significant increase in private charter business. See technical note. Embankment Pier showed a 17.8% reduction in users in 2004/05, due to one operator moving their circular service from Embankment to Westminster. Bankside had a 36% increase in passengers.

## 2.11. Dial-A-Ride

Table 2.11.1 Dial-a-Ride key trends
Average cost per
Number
Registered
journey at
Total grant
of journeys
Number
passengers
2004/05 prices
(2004/05 prices)
Year
(thousands)
of buses
(thousands)
(£)
(£m)
1990/91
676
160
77
16.22
11.9
1991/92
745
175
82
16.19
13.7
1992/93
750
177
39
17.93
14.0
1993/94
746
193
51
18.57
15.7
1994/95
835
215
61
16.14
16.6
1995/96
961
242
66
13.51
14.2
1996/97
993
244
80
12.59
13.9
1997/98
1,084
245
93
11.74
13.4
1998/99
1,142
262
107
11.53
13.6
1999/00
1,178
287
71
11.51
14.5
2000/01
1,222
292
73
11.18
14.1
2001/02
1,260
302
86
12.45
15.7
2002/03
1,269
317
96
13.21
16.8
2003/04
1,325
316
61
13.76
17.2
2004/05
1,261
316
66
17.02
20.6
Source: Transport for London, Dial-a-Ride
Enquiries: 020 7241 7457
1. Re-registration exercises took place in 1992/93, 1999/00 and 2003/04. 2. From 2003/04, cost per passenger journey includes fares paid by passengers.

While total registered users increased by 8% compared with 2003/04, and the number of buses in service remained constant, the number of Dial-a-Ride journeys made in 2004/05 fell by 5%, primarily due to a fall in demand from passengers; possibly linked to the increased accessibility of mainstream transport. See technical note. 

## 2.12. Taxicard

Table 2.12.1 Taxicard key trends
Average
Average cost per
Average cost per
Number 
Number of
number of 
vehicle journey at
journey at
of journeys
members
journeys
2004/05 prices
2004/05 prices3 
Year1
(thousands)
(thousands)
per member
(£)
(£)
1990/91
756
35
22
11.60
••
1991/92
760
37
21
11.20
••
1992/93
765
45
17
11.31
••
1993/94
702
40
18
9.14
••
1994/95
741
45
17
9.64
••
1995/96
751
44
17
9.21
••
1996/97
553
36
15
10.23
••
1997/98
500
43
12
10.56
••
1998/99
533
45
12
10.25
••
1999/00
501
44
11
10.55
••
2000/01
478
41
12
10.95
••
2001/02
523
39
13
11.42
4.56
2002/03
653
44
15
11.50
4.04
2003/04
791
50
16
11.83
3.78
2004/052
948
63
15
11.45
2.54
Source: Taxicard Survey 
Enquiries: 020 7126 4873
1. Up to 20003/04 Excludes Barnet, Greenwich, Redbridge and Westminster, which used to operate their own Taxicard scheme. 2. Excludes Westminster. (Barnet, Greenwich and Redbridge joined the London Taxicard scheme in late 2003/4). 3. Data available since TfL funding began in 2001.

The number of taxicard journeys increased by 20% in 2004/05, despite a slight fall in the number of journeys per member, because of a 26% increase in the number of members. Only the City of Westminster continues to operate its own independent Taxicard scheme. See technical note.

## 3. Private Transport 3.1. Traffic

Billion vehicle-kilometres
Motorways and
Principal
Minor
All roads
All roads
Year
trunk roads
roads
roads
London (DfT)
Great Britain
1993
8.3
11.3
11.1
30.7
412.3
1994
8.5
11.5
11.2
31.1
421.5
1995
8.5
11.5
11.2
31.2
429.7
1996
8.6
11.5
11.3
31.5
441.1
1997
8.7
11.5
11.4
31.7
450.3
1998
8.8
11.5
11.6
31.9
458.5
1999
9.0
11.7
11.9
32.7
467.0
2000
9.1
11.6
11.9
32.6
467.1
20012
2.2
18.5
12.1
32.7
474.4
2002
2.2
18.1
12.5
32.8
486.5
2003
2.1
18.1
12.6
32.8
490.4
2004
2.1
18.0
12.6
32.7
498.6
Source: National Road Traffic survey, DfT 
Enquiries: 020 7027 9343
1. In 2001 trunk roads were reclassified as principal roads.

Traffic on all roads in Great Britain continued to increase in 2004/05, but in London the total volume of traffic remained virtually static, as it has done since 1999.

Annual Average 
Daily Flow Estimates
All Motor Vehicles
40,000+ 30,000 to 40,000 20,000 to 30,000

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

10,000 to 20,000
0 to 10,000
No Data
Million vehicle-kilometres
Cars and
Motorcycles
Buses and
Goods
All motor
Road class
taxis
etc
coaches
Light vans
vehicles
vehicles
Motorways
1,604
19
13
222
223
2,080
Principal roads
14,379
465
389
2,056
671
17,960
All minor roads
10,287
325
198
1,622
207
12,638
All roads
26,269
809
600
3,899
1,101
32,678
Source: National Road Traffic Survey, DfT
Enquiries: 020 7944 3095
Thousand vehicles per day
Pedal
Motor
Cars and
Goods vehicles
Buses and
All motor
Year
cycles
cycles 
taxis
Light
Heavy
coaches
vehicles
1993
0.26
0.58
24.8
3.10
1.30
0.44
30.3
1994
0.27
0.61
25.2
3.24
1.28
0.47
30.8
1995
0.26
0.60
25.1
3.42
1.25
0.50
30.8
1996
0.29
0.62
25.3
3.33
1.33
0.51
31.1
1997
0.28
0.67
25.4
3.36
1.34
0.51
31.3
1998
0.26
0.68
25.4
3.30
1.48
0.50
31.3
1999
0.26
0.74
25.8
3.50
1.40
0.53
31.9
2000
0.25
0.72
25.6
3.52
1.44
0.52
31.8
2001
0.27
0.75
25.5
3.58
1.40
0.52
31.7
2002
0.26
0.71
25.2
3.42
1.35
0.56
31.2
2003
0.33
0.78
24.7
3.70
1.35
0.59
31.1
2004
0.33
0.74
24.5
3.50
1.37
0.62
30.8
Source: National Road Traffic Survey, DfT
Enquiries: 020 7944 3095
1. Major roads include motorways, trunk and principal roads.

While average flows of buses and coaches on major roads in London have been increasing steadily since 2001, car and taxi flows decreased for the third year running. Average cycle flows maintained the high level reached in 2003.

Source: Transport for London Enquiries: 020 7027 9343
Although the number of vehicles crossing the central cordon continued to fall, flows at the boundary cordon remained static, continuing the recent trend.

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

## 3.2. Speeds

Miles per hour
Greater London
Rest of
Year
Central area
inner area
All inner
Outer area
All areas
Morning peak period
1977-1982
12.2
14.1
13.6
19.2
17.2
1983-1990
11.7
12.7
12.4
18.6
16.5
1990-1997
10.6
13.3
12.4
17.2
15.7
1997-2000
10.0
12.0
11.4
18.2
15.9
2000-2002
9.9
11.6
11.1
16.9
15.0
2003-2006
10.6
11.7
11.4
••
••
Daytime off-peak period
1977-1982
12.1
17.3
15.3
25.0
20.8
1983-1990
11.5
15.5
14.1
24.0
19.9
1990-1997
10.7
15.4
13.7
22.7
19.2
1997-2000
10.0
14.8
13.0
21.9
18.5
2000-2002
9.0
13.7
12.0
21.4
17.7
2003-2006
10.5
14.1
12.9
••
••
Evening peak period
1977-1982
12.1
13.8
13.3
20.3
17.6
1983-1990
11.3
12.4
12.1
20.0
16.9
1990-1997
10.6
13.0
12.2
19.3
16.8
1997-2000
10.2
11.4
11.0
19.1
16.2
2000-2002
9.6
11.3
10.8
18.4
15.7
2003-2006
10.6
12.3
11.9
••
••
Source: TfL Traffic Speed Survey
Enquiries: 020 7027 9343

See technical note.

## 3. Private Transport

Chart 3.2.1 London traffic speeds in the morning peak Source: TfL Traffic Speed Survey Enquiries: 020 7027 9343
Traffic speeds have generally followed a downward trend in recent years, although the introduction of congestion charging has resulted in an increase in average speeds in the central area. There has also been a levelling off of average speeds in the rest of the inner area.

Minutes delayed per km
AM Peak
Greater than 1.5 1  
to 1.5
0.5 to 1 0.25 to 0.5 Less than 0.25 No Data

## 3. Private Transport 3.3. Car Ownership

Percentage
Number of people in household
Average
Four or
All
household
Number of cars
One
Two
Three
more
households
size
Greater London
No car
65
34
31
19
40
1.9
One car
33
48
39
42
41
2.5
Two or more cars
1
18
30
39
19
3.4
All households
100
100
100
100
100
2.4
Rest of Great Britain
No car
53
18
15
11
26
1.7
One car
45
50
39
36
44
2.3
Two or more cars
2
31
46
52
29
3.1
All households
100
100
100
100
100
2.4
Great Britain
No car
53
19
15
11
26
1.7
One car
45
50
39
36
44
2.3
Two or more cars
2
31
46
52
29
3.1
All households
100
100
100
100
100
2.4
Source: DfT, National Travel Survey
Enquiries: 020 7944 3097

Source: Transport for London Enquiries: 020 7126 4306
Car ownership in London diminished in 2004 to levels not recorded since 1988. The proportion of households with two or more cars decreased by 1% while the proportion of households without a car increased 3%.

## 3. Private Transport

Chart 3.3.2 Car ownership by ward (2001)
Source: ONS, 2001 Census of Population Enquiries: 020 7126 4608
Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

## 3.4. Vehicle Registrations

Percentage
Year
Greater London
company cars
Inner London
Outer London
1996
2,262
14
679
1,583
1997
2,259
12
688
1,571
1998
2,287
11
697
1,590
1999
2,319
10
707
1,611
2000
2,331
10
709
1,622
2001
2,379
9
721
1,657
2002
2,390
7
717
1,672
2003
2,397
6
714
1,682
2004
2,438
6
718
1,720
Percentage change 1 Year
2%
•
1%
2%
5 Years
5%
•
2%
7%
Source: Department for Transport
Enquiries: 020 7983 4532 
1. Data recorded up to the end of December each year.

See technical note.

Thousands

## 3. Private Transport 3.5. Cycling

Almost three-quarters of cycle trips in London are by males. Trips to usual workplace and for leisure account for nearly two thirds of all cycle trips.

## 3. Private Transport

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)
The level of use of bicycle as a means of travelling to work varies quite substantially from borough to borough, with a general tendency towards greater bicycle use by residents of the centre and west of London compared with the east/outer London.  

## 3.6. Walking 3. Private Transport

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

## 3.7. Congestion Charging

The introduction of the congestion charge resulted in a reduction of 33% of inbound car traffic between 2002 and 2003. With some minor fluctuations, the reduction in traffic has been maintained, at some 125,000 incoming cars per day during congestion charging hours (0700-
1830).

## 3. Private Transport

Since the introduction of the congestion charge, there has been an increase in the number of taxis and cycles entering the charging zone, although both modes have shown a small decline during 2004. The number of buses and coaches entering the charging zone continues to show a consistent increase.

Traffic flows through the 16 high flow gateways during charging hours have been relatively consistent year on year since the introduction of the congestion charge, with seasonal reductions around Christmas and the main August holiday period.

## 4. Freight 4.1. Road Freight

Source: DfT continuing Survey of Road Goods Transport Enquiries: 020 7944 4442
A total of 150 million tones of goods was lifted by road in 2004, made up of 64 million tonnes moved within London, a further 63 million tonnes from outside London to destinations within London, and 37 million tonnes from origins in London to destinations outside London. Figures are not fully comparable with those for previous years, due to changes to the design of DfT's Continuing Survey Road Goods Transport. See technical note.

## 4. Freight 4.2. Water Freight

Source: Port of London Authority Enquiries: 020 7743 7900
Sea-going freight through the Port of London in 2004 was 53.3 thousand tonnes, 4% higher than in 2003. 74% of the total was foreign traffic (59% imports and 15% exports) and the other 26% UK domestic traffic. 38% by weight of cargo was liquid bulk, mainly oil and oil products, 27% was dry bulk, 29% unitised (containers and roll-on/ roll-off vehicles) and 6% general cargo. In addition, 1.6 thousand tonnes of internal inland waterway freight was handled at Thames wharves.

## 4.3. Air Freight

Source: Civil Aviation Authority Enquiries: 020 7453 6258
Airfreight through London's airports increased by 8% in 2004 to its highest level since 2000. Heathrow accounted for 74% (by weight) of freight lifted, with Gatwick and Stansted 12% each.

## 5. Casualties 5.1. Road Casualties

|                                                                                         |                          |     |        |     | Killed   | Seriously Injured   | Slightly Injured   | All casualties   |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|-----|--------|-----|----------|---------------------|--------------------|------------------|
| Year                                                                                    | London                   | GB  | London | GB  | London   | GB                  | London             | GB               |
| 1994-1998 ave                                                                           | 100                      | 100 | 100    | 100 | 100      | 100                 | 100                | 100              |
| 1991                                                                                    | 148                      | 128 | 117    | 117 | 99       | 94                  | 102                | 97               |
| 1992                                                                                    | 126                      | 118 | 108    | 112 | 101      | 94                  | 102                | 97               |
| 1993                                                                                    | 115                      | 107 | 95     | 102 | 101      | 95                  | 101                | 96               |
| 1994                                                                                    | 109                      | 102 | 92     | 106 | 102      | 97                  | 100                | 99               |
| 1995                                                                                    | 87                       | 101 | 98     | 103 | 99       | 96                  | 99                 | 97               |
| 1996                                                                                    | 101                      | 101 | 102    | 101 | 99       | 100                 | 100                | 100              |
| 1997                                                                                    | 111                      | 101 | 105    | 98  | 101      | 103                 | 101                | 102              |
| 1998                                                                                    | 92                       | 96  | 103    | 93  | 99       | 103                 | 100                | 102              |
| 1999                                                                                    | 105                      | 96  | 88     | 89  | 102      | 102                 | 100                | 100              |
| 2000                                                                                    | 114                      | 95  | 91     | 87  | 102      | 102                 | 100                | 100              |
| 2001                                                                                    | 120                      | 96  | 90     | 84  | 98       | 100                 | 97                 | 98               |
| 2002                                                                                    | 112                      | 96  | 83     | 82  | 92       | 97                  | 91                 | 95               |
| 2003                                                                                    | 109                      | 98  | 76     | 76  | 85       | 93                  | 84                 | 91               |
| 2004                                                                                    | 87                       | 90  | 61     | 71  | 78       | 91                  | 76                 | 88               |
| Source: TfL London Road Safety Unit, DfT Transport Statistics Bulletin. Road Casualties | Enquiries: 020 7027 9332 |     |        |     |          |                     |                    |                  |
| in Great Britain Main Results: 2004                                                     | www.dft.gov.uk           |     |        |     |          |                     |                    |                  |
| 1. Index based on 1994-1998 average.                                                    |                          |     |        |     |          |                     |                    |                  |

The number of road casualties in London showed significant improvement in 2004, with fatalities at their lowest since 1995, and serious and slight injuries below any year since 1991. All categories of casualty have recorded a greater level of improvement, compared with the 1994-
1998 average, than for Great Britain as a whole.

The number of injuries show a decline across all categories of severity, with larger decreases in the number of killed and seriously injured. In 2004, the number of people killed in Greater London was 216. The number of people seriously injured and slightly injured in 2004 was 3,953 and 30,386 respectively.

## 5. Casualties

Source: TfL London Road Safety Unit Enquiries: 020 7126 2368
Of the people involved in fatal or serious accidents in London during 2004, the largest proportion were pedestrians or in cars. More than half those who sustained slight injuries were in cars.

## 5.2. Underground Casualties

Source: Transport for London Enquiries: 020 7918 3439
The slight decrease in injuries in 2004/05 is partly because for the first time the figures exclude crime-related fatalities and injuries.

## 6. Population 6.1. Resident Population

Thousands
|                   |                          |       | All London   | All ages   |
|-------------------|--------------------------|-------|--------------|------------|
| 65 and            | All                      | Inner | Outer        | Great      |
| Year              | 0-14                     | 15-64 | over         | ages       |
| Estimates         |                          |       |              |            |
| 1971              | 1,598                    | 4,922 | 1,010        | 7,529      |
| 1981              | 1,245                    | 4,513 | 1,048        | 6,806      |
| 1991              | 1,266                    | 4,600 | 964          | 6,829      |
| 1996              | 1,360                    | 4,686 | 929          | 6,974      |
| 2001              | 1,368                    | 5,058 | 897          | 7,322      |
| 2002              | 1,362                    | 5,114 | 895          | 7,371      |
| 2003              | 1,356                    | 5,140 | 892          | 7,388      |
| 2004              | 1,356                    | 5,185 | 889          | 7,429      |
| Percentage change |                          |       |              |            |
| 1971-1981         | -22%                     | -8%   | 4%           | -10%       |
| 1981-1991         | 2%                       | 2%    | -8%          | -          |
| 1991-2001         | 8%                       | 10%   | -7%          | 7%         |
| 2001-2004         | -1%                      | 3%    | -1%          | 1%         |
| Source: ONS       | Enquiries: 013 2981 3318 |       |              |            |

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

## 6. Population Table 6.1.2 Resident Population Projections Thousands

| Year                                                    | Inner London             | Outer London   | Greater London   |
|---------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|----------------|------------------|
| 2001                                                    | 2,859                    | 4,463          | 7,322            |
| 2006                                                    | 2,992                    | 4,546          | 7,538            |
| 2011                                                    | 3,145                    | 4,671          | 7,816            |
| 2016                                                    | 3,276                    | 4,773          | 8,050            |
| 2021                                                    | 3,354                    | 4,826          | 8,180            |
| 2026                                                    | 3,437                    | 4,891          | 8,328            |
| 2031                                                    | 3,526                    | 4,964          | 8,490            |
| Source: GLA, Data Management and Analysis Group (DMAG). | Enquiries: 020 7983 4347 |                |                  |
| Scenario 8.07 (Reviewed November 2005).                 |                          |                |                  |

## 6.2. Working Population Table 6.2.1 Working Population

Employee jobs 
in Greater London
Percentage
Self-employed 
All jobs 
Year
(thousands)
Females
(thousands)
(thousands)
1992
3,336
48
453
3,789
1993
3,296
49
449
3,746
1994
3,356
49
514
3,870
1995
3,458
49
476
3,934
1996
3,414
48
493
3,907
1997
3,540
48
485
4,025
1998
3,684
48
516
4,201
1999
3,864
47
485
4,349
2000
4,021
48
518
4,539
2001
4,047
47
507
4,555
2002
3,917
47
519
4,435
2003
3,886
48
611
4,497
2004
3,923
47
563
4,487
Percentage change 1 Year
1%
•
-8%
-
10 Years
17%
•
10%
16%
Source: ONS, Annual Business Inquiry
Enquiries: 016 3381 2318
1. September estimates of the workforce in employment. 2. Self-Employed includes those on work-related government supported training schemes without a contract of employment.
Figures are only included from September 1997 onwards.

The total number of jobs in Greater London remained virtually the same in 2004 compared with the previous year, with a modest increase in employee jobs offsetting a reduction in the number of people who were self-employed.

## 6. Population Chart 6.2.1 Employment Density (2001)

Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)

Thousands
| Year                                                                  | To Greater London        |
|-----------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------------------|
| 1                                                                     |                          |
| From Greater London                                                   |                          |
| 2                                                                     |                          |
| 1994                                                                  | 641                      |
| 1995                                                                  | 647                      |
| 1996                                                                  | 629                      |
| 1997                                                                  | 678                      |
| 1998                                                                  | 683                      |
| 1999                                                                  | 720                      |
| 2000                                                                  | 691                      |
| 2001                                                                  | 703                      |
| 2002                                                                  | 698                      |
| 2003                                                                  | 675                      |
| 2004                                                                  | 706                      |
| Source: Labour Force Survey (ONS) - Spring sample                     | Enquiries: 020 7126 4608 |
| 1. Workers in Greater London with residence outside Greater London.   |                          |
| 2. Residents in Greater London with workplace outside Greater London. |                          |

Source: ONS, 2001 Census of Population Enquiries: 020 7126 4608

## 6. Population 6.3. Overseas Visitors

Million visits
| Country                                     | 1999                     |   2000 |   2001 |   2002 |   2003 |   2004 |
|---------------------------------------------|--------------------------|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| USA                                         | 2.7                      |    2.9 |    2.4 |    2.5 |    2.2 |    2.4 |
| France and Monaco                           | 1.3                      |    1.2 |    1.1 |    1.1 |    1.2 |    1.3 |
| Germany                                     | 1.1                      |    1.1 |    0.9 |    0.9 |    0.9 |    1.2 |
| Italy and San Marino                        | 0.6                      |    0.5 |    0.5 |    0.5 |    0.6 |    0.8 |
| Spain and Andorra                           | 0.4                      |    0.4 |    0.4 |    0.4 |    0.5 |    0.7 |
| Eire                                        | 0.6                      |    0.6 |    0.6 |    0.6 |    0.6 |    0.7 |
| Netherlands                                 | 0.6                      |    0.5 |    0.5 |    0.5 |    0.6 |    0.6 |
| Australia                                   | 0.5                      |    0.5 |    0.4 |    0.4 |    0.5 |    0.5 |
| Canada                                      | 0.4                      |    0.4 |    0.3 |    0.4 |    0.3 |    0.4 |
| Belgium                                     | 0.4                      |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.4 |
| Sweden                                      | 0.4                      |    0.4 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |
| Switzerland                                 | 0.3                      |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.3 |
| Poland                                      | 0.2                      |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.1 |    0.2 |    0.3 |
| Japan                                       | 0.4                      |    0.4 |    0.3 |    0.3 |    0.2 |    0.3 |
| Other countries                             | 2.8                      |    2.8 |    2.6 |    2.4 |    2.4 |    2.8 |
| All countries                               | 13.2                     |   13.2 |   11.5 |   11.6 |   11.7 |   13.4 |
| Source: International Passenger Survey, ONS | Enquiries: 020 7533 5085 |        |        |        |        |        |

The number of visits to London by non UK residents declined sharply between 2001 and 2003, but recovered in 2004 to its previous level.

## 7. Environment 7.1. Emissions

The Air Quality Strategy (AQS) has an incident-based objective of 50µgm-3, measured as a daily mean not to be exceeded on more than 35 days per year (EU limit value). Following disappointing results in 2003, the number of days when PM10 levels exceeded 50µgm-3 showed some improvement during 2004. However, measurements for inner London roadside and kerbside sites do continue to exceed the National Air Quality Strategy Objective.

The AQS stipulates as one of the objectives for NO2 an annual mean of 21 ppb (40µgm-3). The annual mean NO2 objective has been exceeded consistently in both inner London background and roadside, while in outer London background the annual mean NO2 objective has been achieved since 1998.

## 8. Accessibility

Source: Transport for London Enquiries: 020 7126 2849
Crown copyright (GLA - 100032379) (2003)
Areas with a high level public transport accessibility (coloured in red) are central London and a significant proportion of inner London. There are also some areas of high accessibility in outer London, many of which coincide with metropolitan and major town centres. In general, the level of public transport accessibility for a particular location decreases the further away it is from central London.

## Glossary Administrative Areas

Greater London: the area administered by the Greater London Authority consisting of the City of London and the 32 London boroughs.

Trips may be further subdivided into trip-stages, the component parts of a trip using a single mode of transport between interchanges. Walking is counted as a separate mode, but walks within single premises or between platforms at interchange stations are not included. (See also section 1.1) The main mode of a trip is the mode of transport used for the longest stage (by distance).

## Time Periods

AM peak - morning peak defined as 0700 to 1000 weekdays except public holidays.

Central London: the Greater London Conurbation Centre or Central Statistical Area - an area roughly rectangular in shape, bounded by Regent's Park to the north, Whitechapel to the East, Elephant & Castle and Vauxhall to the South, and Kensington Gardens to the West. It is a larger area than the central London Congestion Charging Zone, and includes the inner ring road and Paddington, Marylebone, Euston and King's Cross rail stations. 

Inter-peak defined as 1000 to 1600 weekdays except public holidays. PM peak - evening peak defined as 1600 to 1900 weekdays except public holidays. Evening defined as 1900 to 2200 weekdays except public holidays. Night-time defined as 2200 to 0400.

Inner London: City of London, and the London boroughs of Camden, Hackney, Hammersmith & Fulham, Haringey, Islington, Kensington & Chelsea, Lambeth, Lewisham, Newham, Southwark, Tower Hamlets, Wandsworth, Westminster. A distinction is sometimes made between those parts of these boroughs in central London, and the rest of Inner London. 

Early AM defined as 0400 to 0700.

## Work Status

Working full-time: people in paid employment normally working for more than 30 hours a week. 

Outer London: the London boroughs of Barking and Dagenham, Barnet, Bexley, Brent, Bromley, Croydon, Ealing, Enfield, Greenwich, Harrow, Havering, Hillingdon, Hounslow, Kingston upon Thames, Merton, Redbridge, Richmond upon Thames, Sutton, Waltham Forest. 

Working part-time: people in paid employment working for not more than 30 hours a week. 

## Travel

Self-employed: those who in their main employment work on their own account, whether or not they have any employees.

## Ticket Types

The units of travel are described as trips or journeys. Different data sources have different conventions about what constitutes a journey. This publication reserves the word 'journey' for data for individual modes of transport reported by transport operators or derived from counts of passengers or travellers in the course of travel. A journey, therefore, is travel by a single mode, and is essentially the same as a 'trip-stage' defined below. 

Ordinary ticket: valid for one specific trip (a 'single ticket') or for two trips to and from the same place (a 'return'). Includes Carnets, tickets sold in batches in a booklet for subsequent use. 
A trip is defined as a one way movement from one place to another to achieve a single main purpose. Round trips are divided so that the return leg is treated as a separate trip. These definitions apply to data from interview surveys such as the LATS Household Survey. 

Season ticket: a ticket valid for unlimited travel over a specified period of time either within specific fare zones or between specified origin and destination stations. A 'season ticket' can be valid for just bus travel, national rail travel, or a Travelcard which is valid for all modes detailed below. 

## Glossary Prices

Retail price index (RPI): measures the price of a constant basket of goods and services purchased by households in the United Kingdom. The RPI is available from National Statistics website (www.statistics.gov.uk).

Travelcard: a ticket valid for unlimited travel on national rail, buses, DLR, Tramlink and Underground, subject to certain conditions within specific fare zones and for a specified time period. Includes both Travelcard seasons (weekly, monthly or annual tickets) and One Day Travelcards. Underground and national rail services within Greater London are divided into six fare zones; DLR services operate within zones 1, 2 and 3. The cost of a ticket depends on the number of zones it covers. Zone 1 covers central London, approximately the area served by the Circle line and the South Bank. 

Headline Fares Index: measures changes in the Gross Yield i.e. the direct effect of fares revision where passengers would buy their same ticket but at the new fare. This does not allow for switching to other ticket types and is likely to overestimate the increase in average fare actually paid. This increase, deflated by the headline Retail Price Index, is applied to the Headline Fares Index from the previous year.

Bus Pass: a ticket valid for a specified time giving unlimited travel on London bus services. Bus Pass 'seasons' can be weekly, monthly or annual. 

Real London Earnings: the actual Gross Weekly Earnings of adults in full-time employment in London deflated by headline Retail Price Index. Gross weekly earnings are based on New Earnings Survey from 1971 to 1998 and the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings from 1998/99 and are available from ONS. 

Freedom Pass: concessionary pass issued free by local authorities to London-residents aged 60 and over and disabled persons, giving unlimited travel within Greater London by National Rail, DLR, Tramlink, buses and Underground, subject to certain conditions.

Real prices and fares: converts current price levels to a common reference period by adjusting for the effects of inflation as measured by the RPI. 

## Organisations

DfT Department for Transport 

DLR Docklands Light Railway
GLA Greater London Authority 
Oyster: a 'smart card' that can be used as a season ticket, such as bus passes and Travelcards, or to pay for travel on a pay-as-you-go basis using Pre Pay credit held on the card. Travelcards on Oyster are valid on Tube, DLR, trams and national rail services within chosen zones and across the entire London bus network. Pre Pay is an alternative to paying cash for single or return fares and offers cheaper single fares, daily price capping and ticket extensions automatically. In addition to TfL's usual ticket outlets, season tickets can be renewed and Pre Pay credit can be topped-up online or over the telephone.

LBSL London Bus Services Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of TfL LRS London River Services

## Traffic Cordons

LUL London Underground Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of TfL
Locations of traffic counts for monitoring long-run trends in traffic flows are organised to form three cordons (see section 3.1).

ONS Office for National Statistics ORR Office of Rail Regulation Boundary cordon: roughly corresponding to the boundary of Greater London and entirely within the M25 orbital motorway.

TfL Transport for London Inner cordon: enclosing an area similar to the Inner London boroughs excluding most of the boroughs of Greenwich and Lewisham. Central cordon: a cordon, enclosing central London, situated outside the Inner Ring Road and within a radius of 2.5 to 3 kms from Aldwych.

## Glossary Ptal

PTAL is a measure of public transport accessibility reflecting: the access time (by walking) from the point of interest to public transport service access points (SAPs, e.g. bus stops, stations) within a catchment area; the number of different services (e.g. bus routes, train services) operating at the SAPs; and levels of service (i.e. average waiting times, with an adjustment for the relative reliability of different modes). These components are then used to calculate an accessibility index (PTAI) which is allocated to bands corresponding to Public Transport Accessibility Levels (PTALs). The levels 1a and 1b correspond to a 'very poor', 3 corresponds to 'moderate' and 6a and 6b corresponds to an 'excellent' level of public transport accessibility.

## Survey Sources

CAPC Central Area Peak Counts: TfL estimates of people entering central London in the morning peak period, derived from vehicle and passenger counts annually each Autumn. See technical note to table 1.4.1. EFS Expenditure and Food Survey: ONS survey of household expenditure (formerly the Family Expenditure Survey) with a sample of about 7,000 households per annum in the UK. GLBPS Greater London Bus Passenger Survey: quarterly sample survey of bus boarders on a sample of London bus routes, with associated counts for grossing, used principally for apportionment of Travelcard and Concessionary fare revenues. IPS International Passenger Survey: ONS sample survey of arriving and departing passengers at UK ports and airports. Identifies overseas visitors to London. 

LATS London Area Transport Survey 2001: Interviewer administered sample survey of 30,000 London households, carried out for TfL between January 2001 and April 2002. The survey included a one-day travel diary to collect data on Londoners' weekday travel patterns. The data have been expanded to represent the household population of London as measured by the 2001 Census of Population. LFS Labour Force Survey: ONS sample survey of approximately 57,000 households every quarter in GB, the main source of information on the labour market. UUS Underground Users Survey: on-platform interview sample survey for LUL of over 30,000 Underground passengers in each 2-year survey cycle. The survey measures usage of ticket types and collects passenger profiles in terms of socio-demographic, economic and other characteristics.

## Symbols

•• = not available 0 = nil - = not applicable - = negligible (less than half the final digit shown)
Table 2.8.2 Licensing of private hire services dates from January 2001 with the introduction of operator licensing. Private hire operators offer a variety of services including minicabs, limousines and chauffeur driver vehicles. Private hire driver licensing commenced in April 2003 and vehicle licensing in April 2004. 

Table 1.1.1 Daily average number of journeys: 
the series for 'rail' has been revised to be consistent with those for other public transport modes. Thus rail journeys that involve interchanging between different rail services are counted once for each rail service used. In table 1.1.2, rail trips refer to complete trips (ignoring interchanges) and excluding through-London trips with neither end in London (see also table 2.5.1). Table 1.2.2 These data comes from the Underground User Survey (UUS), which is a biennial survey. The most recent available data are for 2002/03. Data for UUS 2004-05 will be available in April 2006.

Table 2.9.1 Victoria Coach Station is the main London terminal for coach services, principally express coach, but also day and holiday tours and shuttle services. Until 2005 there was also a special London Buses' inter-station (i.e. VCS and all London mainline stations) express bus service, which had 4 departures per hour for most of the day. The departures and arrivals figure for 2004/2005 is based on a survey undertaken by Victoria Coach Station with the coach operators.

Table 1.4.1 and Chart 1.4.1 Estimates are derived from counts of vehicle occupants on each road crossing a central London cordon. The cordon is situated outside the Inner Ring Road and encloses an area slightly larger than the Congestion Charging Zone. Rail passengers are counted by observers at their last station stop before the cordon. Inter-City passengers are counted on arrival at the central London rail termini.

Table 2.10.1 2004/05 was the first financial year in which Thames Clippers were under contract to London River Services. For the first time passengers were counted at all piers the whole year and not just those using piers owned by LRS, as in previous years. Additionally, tourist traffic is buoyant generally and there has been a significant increase in private charter business. 

Results for London Underground are derived from exit counts of people leaving stations within the Central area. Since 1996, these have been taken from automatic ticket gate data. Chart 1.6.1 These data are from the 2001 Census of Population by ward of residence. Workers (aged 16 to 74) reported the main mode of transport used for their usual journey to work. Percentages exclude workers usually working at home.

Table 2.11.1 Dial-a-Ride provides a multi-occupancy door-to-door transport service for people who are unable to use conventional public transport due to a permanent or long-term disability or health problem. The service is provided for all journey purposes, typically for shopping, visiting friends, and attending meetings and doctors' or dentists' appointments. Additional costs in 2004/5 relate to one off restructuring costs.

Table 2.5.1 The estimates in this table are derived from ticket data sales and relate to complete rail trips with either origin or destination (or both) within London. Thus, through trips with both origin and destination outside London are not included.

Chart 4.1.1 The high increase in the tonnage of road freight lifted, particularly with traffic originating in London and that moved within London appears to be due, at least partly, to methodological changes made by DfT to the way the survey is carried out in order to improve the accuracy of survey estimates. In particular, the sample strata have been amended to reflect current trends in vehicle type, weight and legislative groups. For practical and administrative reasons, changes have also been made to the sample selection methodology. 

Table 2.12.1 The Taxicard scheme provides subsidised door-to-door transport for people with have serious mobility impairment and find it difficult to use public transport. Taxicard holders are able to make journeys in licensed London taxis, with the subsidy applied directly to each journey. Late in 2003/04, three London Boroughs that had previously operated their own taxi scheme - Barnet, Greenwich and Redbridge - joined the main scheme. Under TfL conditions, boroughs were required to take steps to equalise the conditions of service, so that most boroughs now offer a similar number of trips per year, with no membership fee, no waiting lists to join Taxicard and all boroughs using an agreed set of eligibility criteria. Table 3.2.1 The 2003/06 Outer London Speed Surveys will be completed by May 2006. Results will be reported in the London Travel Report 2006. Table 3.4.1 The series are for vehicles registered with the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency at 31 December of each year, and relate to vehicles with car body-type registered in the Private and Light Goods taxation class. Vehicles are allocated to areas (Inner or Outer London) according to the postcode of the registered keeper. The registered keeper may be either an individual or a company. However, company cars include cars registered in the name of a company but provided for an employee's private use. It is likely that changes in the number of company cars, as a percentage of the total stock of cars, reflect changes in taxation and are not necessarily indicative of changes in car use.

## Key Facts

|                              | Land area       | Square Miles Square Km   |
|------------------------------|-----------------|--------------------------|
| Central London               | 11              | 27                       |
| Rest of inner London         | 114             | 294                      |
| Outer London                 | 486             | 1,259                    |
| All Greater London           | 610             | 1,579                    |
| Road Lengths                 | Miles           | Km                       |
| Motorways                    | 37              | 60                       |
| Trunk and Principal roads    | 1,069           | 1,721                    |
| Minor roads                  | 8,014           | 12,896                   |
| Route length                 |                 |                          |
| Rail networks                | Stations served | Miles                    |
| Rail (within Greater London) | 321             | 490                      |
| London Underground           | 275             | 253                      |
| Docklands Light Railway      | 34              | 18                       |

Group Transport Planning and Policy Finance and Planning Transport for London 42-50 Victoria Streett London SW1H 0TL