# The Economic Impact Of Tourism On Calderdale 2016



Prepared by: 
©  Tourism South East Research Unit 
40 Chamberlayne Road Eastleigh Hampshire SO50 5JH 

1. 
Summary of Results 


1 
1.1 
Volume & Value of Tourism - National and Regional results 


1 
1.2 
Volume & Value of Tourism - Calderdale 


2 2. 
Methodology 


3 3. 
Table of Results  


4 
 
Table 1: Number of staying trips by accommodation     


4
 
Table 2: Number of nights by accommodation        


4 
 
Table 3: Spend by accommodation       


4 
 
Table 4: Tourism day trips and spend    


4 
 
Table 5: Total trips and expenditure    


5 
 
Table 6: Sector breakdown of trip expenditure    


5 
 
Table 7: Businesses in receipt of direct visitor spend following adjustment    
 
5 
 
Table 8: Income for local business generated by trip expenditure    
 
 
6 
 
Table 9: Local employment supported    


6 
 
Table 10: Proportion of total jobs sustained     


6 Glossary of Terms 


7 

## Tourism Economic Impact Estimates

This report contains the findings of a study commissioned by Calderdale Council and undertaken by Tourism South East. The overall aim of the research is to provide indicative estimates of the volume, value and resultant economic impact of tourism on the destination.  

The research involved the application of the Cambridge Tourism Economic Impact Model or 'Cambridge Model'; a computer-based model developed by Geoff Broom Associates and the Regional Tourist Boards of England. 

 
 
The methodology used to collect data for both domestic day visits and overnight stays in 2016 has changed from the methodology used in previous years.  This means that data cannot be directly compared between 2016 and previous years for both number of visits and spend.  Comparisons have been shown throughout this report to provide some broad comparisons, however caution should be used when interpreting any direct year-on-year comparisons.  Direct comparisons can be made in future years using 2016 data as baseline measures.    

 
 
1. 
Summary of results 
 
1.1 
 
National and regional results 
 

Trips by domestic overnight visitors 
Yorkshire and The Humber 
England 
  
2016 
2015 
% change 
2016 
2015 
% change 
Trips 
9,290,000 
11,320,000 
-18% 
99,300,000 
102,730,000 
-3% 
Nights 
27,110,000,000 
30,880,000,000 
-12% 
288,000,000 
299,570,000 
-4% 
Spend 
£1,616m 
£1,922m 
-16% 
£18,500m 
£19,571m 
-6% 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Trips by overseas overnight visitors 
Yorkshire and The Humber 
England 
  
2016 
2015 
% change 
2016 
2015 
% change 
Trips 
1,360,000 
1,290,000 
5% 
32,970,000 
31,820,000 
4% 
Nights 
11,480,000 
10,355,000 
11% 
245,700,000 
241,427,000 
2% 
Spend 
£516m 
£566m 
-9% 
£19,690m 
£19,427m 
1% 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Trips by day visitors 
Yorkshire and The Humber 
England 
  
2016 
2015 
% change 
2016 
2015 
% change 
Trips 
149,000,000 
138,000,000 
8% 
1,557,000,000 
1,493,000,000 
4% 
Spend 
£4,370m 
£4,256m 
3% 
£53,534m 
£53,385m 
0% 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
Total trips 
Yorkshire and The Humber 
England 
  
2015 
2015 
% change 
2016 
2015 
% change 
Trips 
159,650,000 
150,610,000 
6% 
1,689,270,000 
1,627,550,000 
4% 
Spend 
 £ 6,502m  
 £6,744m 
-4% 
91,724,000,000 
92,383,000,000 
-1% 

 
- 
Results from GBTS reveal that 99.3 million domestic overnight trips were taken in England in 2016, a decrease by 3% compared with 2015.  The value of domestic overnight trips decreased by 6%, from £19.6 billion to £18.5 billion in 2016. 

- 
The volume and value of domestic overnight trips in Yorkshire and the Humber fell by 18% from 2015 to 
2016 and expenditure fell by 16%. 
 
- 
According to results from IPS, overseas visitors made a total of 32.97 million overnight trips in England in 
2016, an increase of 4% compared with 2015. Trip expenditure increased by 1% at the national level. 
- 
Overseas visitor trip volume increased by 5% in Yorkshire and the Humber in 2016 and nights increased 
by 11%, however overall spend fell by 9% in 2016.   
 
- 
Figures published in the Great Britain Day Visits Survey (2016) indicate that there were 1.56 billion 
Tourism Day Visits undertaken in England during 2016, up 4% compared to 2015.  Day trip expenditure remained at similar levels to 2015.  
 
- 
Yorkshire and the Humber region outperformed the national average for day trips, with an 8% increase in 
visitor numbers and a 3% increase in spend.   

## 1.2 Volume And Value Of Trips - Calderdale Results

- 
Recent trends for Calderdale show an overall increase in year-on-year tourism spending, driven by an 
increase in day trips and visits by those from overseas. 
- 
Overall, an estimated 333,000 staying trips were spent in the District in 2016. It is estimated that 281,000 
trips were made by domestic visitors and 52,000 were made by overseas visitors.  Staying trips resulted in an estimated 1 million visitor nights spent in the District, 665,000 by domestic visitors and 369,000 by those visiting from overseas.   Overall trip expenditure reached £65 million in 2016. 
- 
Approximately 6.3 million tourism day trips were made to the District (lasting more than 3 hours and taken 
on an irregular basis) in 2016 generating an additional £188 million in trip expenditure. 
- 
Total expenditure by visitors (overnight and day) to Calderdale is estimated to have been in the region of 
£253 million in 2016, up by 9% compared to 2015. 
- 
Once adjustments are made to recognise that some of this expenditure will take place outside the District 
(e.g. it is estimated that around 40% of expenditure on travel such as the purchase of petrol, coach and train fares, will be made at source of origin or on-route), total direct visitor expenditure is reduced to £241 million. 
- 
Additional tourism expenditure is however, generated by other sources, increasing the total amount of 
money spent in Calderdale. It is estimated that expenditure on second homes and on goods and services purchased by friends and relatives visitors were staying with, or visiting, generated a further total £14.7 million expenditure associated with overnights trips in 2016. 
- 
This brings direct expenditure generated by tourism in Calderdale in 2016 to £255 million, an increase of 
11% on 2015.  With multiplier effects, the direct turnover is increased to over £328 million in total turnover as a result of a further £73 million being generated through indirect and induced effects. 
 
- 
This tourism-related expenditure is estimated to have supported 4,633 FTE jobs in Calderdale. Once parttime and seasonal employment is added, the total number of jobs supported increased to 6,371 Actual jobs, up 7% from 2015. 
- 
These jobs are spread across a wide range of service sectors from catering and retail to public service 
jobs such as in local government, and not just tourism. According to the Office of National Statistics, there were 102,700 employee jobs across the District. Based on our estimates, total tourism related expenditure supported 6% of these jobs in the District in 2016.  

## 2. Methodology The Cambridge Model

The Cambridge Model is essentially a computer-based spreadsheet model that produces estimates from existing national and local information (e.g. accommodation stocks, inbound trips) of the level of tourism activity within a given local area. The volume of visits are translated into economic terms by estimating the amount of spending by visitors based on their average spend per trip. In turn, the impact of that spending can be translated to estimate the effects in terms of business turnover and jobs.  

The standard measures generated in this Model are: the total amount spent by visitors, the amount of income for local residents and businesses created by this spending, and the number of jobs supported by visitor spending.  

As the Model utilises a standard methodology capable of application throughout the UK, it offers the potential for direct comparisons with similar destinations throughout the country.   

The basic process of estimation used can be divided into three parts: 

 
visitor trips and visitor spending at a regional/county level derived from national survey sources 
(county/City).  
 
local supply data on accommodation, attractions and other factors specific to the destination. 
 
the use of multipliers derived from business surveys in England to estimate full time equivalent and actual 
jobs generated by visitor spending in the area. 
In its standard form, the Cambridge Model uses a range of local data including details of accommodation stock, local occupancy rates, population, employment and local wage rates. It applies this locally sourced information to regional estimates of tourism volume and expenditure derived from the following national surveys: 

 
Great Britain Tourism Survey  
 
International Passenger Survey  
 
Great Britain Day Visits Survey 
 
Census of Employment  
 
Census of Population 
 
Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 
The sophistication of the economic impact estimates will depend on the availability of detailed reliable local information to supplement national and regional data sources. Where such data is available from local surveys, then local variations can be explicitly included.  

## 3. Tables Of Results

Table 1: Number of staying trips by accommodation stayed at  
 
UK 
% 
Overseas 
% 
Total 
% 
Serviced 
148,000 
53% 
26,800 
51% 
174,800 
52% 
Non-serviced 
11,000 
4% 
5,200 
10% 
16,200 
5% 
Group/campus 
3,000 
1% 
1,100 
2% 
4,100 
1% 
Second homes 
6,000 
2% 
800 
2% 
6,800 
2% 
Boat moorings 
3,000 
1% 
0 
0% 
3,000 
1% 
Other 
4,000 
1% 
1,400 
3% 
5,400 
2% 
Paying guests in private houses 
0 
0% 
100 
0% 
100 
0% 
Staying with friends and relatives 
106,000 
38% 
16,700 
32% 
122,700 
37% 
Total 2016 
281,000 
 
52,100 
 
333,100 
 
Total 2015 
309,000 
  
47,800 
  
356,800 
 
% change  
-9% 
 
9% 
 
-7% 
 
 
Table 2: Number of nights by accommodation stayed at  
 
UK 
% 
Overseas 
% 
Total 
% 
Serviced 
255,000 
38% 
74,000 
20% 
329,000 
32% 
Non-serviced 
70,000 
11% 
67,000 
18% 
137,000 
13% 
Group/campus 
10,000 
2% 
16,000 
4% 
26,000 
3% 
Second homes 
16,000 
2% 
21,000 
6% 
37,000 
4% 
Boat moorings 
13,000 
2% 
0 
0% 
13,000 
1% 
Other 
28,000 
4% 
2,000 
1% 
30,000 
3% 
Paying guests in private houses 
0 
0% 
1,000 
0% 
1,000 
0% 
Staying with friends and relatives 
274,000 
41% 
189,000 
51% 
463,000 
45% 
Total 2016 
665,000 
 
369,000 
 
1,034,000 
 
Total 2015 
702,000 
  
415,000 
  
1,117,000 
 
% change  
-5% 
 
-11% 
 
-7% 


UK 
% 
Overseas 
% 
Total 
% 
Serviced 
£31,040,000 
70% 
£10,284,000 
49% 
£41,324,000 
64% 
Non-serviced 
£1,411,000 
3% 
£4,359,000 
21% 
£5,770,000 
9% 
Group/campus 
£275,000 
1% 
£599,000 
3% 
£874,000 
1% 
Second homes 
£457,000 
1% 
£210,000 
1% 
£667,000 
1% 
Boat moorings 
£590,000 
1% 
£0 
0% 
£590,000 
1% 
Other 
£1,462,000 
3% 
£14,000 
0% 
£1,476,000 
2% 
Paying guests in private houses 
£0 
0% 
£200,000 
1% 
£200,000 
0% 
Staying with friends and relatives 
£8,934,000 
20% 
£5,203,000 
25% 
£14,137,000 
22% 
Total 2016 
£44,170,000 
 
£20,869,000 
 
£65,039,000 
 
Total 2015 
£43,683,000 
 
£18,786,000 
 
£62,469,000 
 
% change  
1% 
 
11% 
 
4% 


Trips 
Spend 
Total 2016 
6,298,000 
£187,699,000 
Total 2015 
5,567,000 
£162,424,000 
% change  
13% 
16% 


Domestic  
 
Overseas 
 
Day  
 
Total 
 
Accommodation 
£14,554,000 
33% 
£6,266,000 
30% 
£0 
0% 
£20,820,000 
8% 
Retail 
£5,370,000 
12% 
£5,790,000 
28% 
£80,972,000 
43% 
£92,132,000 
36% 
Catering 
£10,208,000 
23% 
£4,592,000 
22% 
£70,258,000 
37% 
£85,058,000 
34% 
Attractions 
£3,548,000 
8% 
£2,181,000 
10% 
£18,593,000 
10% 
£24,322,000 
10% 
Travel 
£10,490,000 
24% 
£2,040,000 
10% 
£17,875,000 
10% 
£30,405,000 
12% 
Total 2016 
£44,170,000 
 
£20,869,000 
 
£187,698,000 
 
£252,737,000 
 
Total 2015 
 
£230,835,000 
 
% change  
 
9% 
 
 
|                                    | Staying tourists    |              | Day visitors    |     | Total       |     |
|------------------------------------|---------------------|--------------|-----------------|-----|-------------|-----|
| Accommodation                      | £21,116,000         | 35%          | £1,405,000      | 1%  | £22,521,000 | 9%  |
| Retail                             | £11,049,000         | 18%          | £80,162,000     | 44% | £91,211,000 | 38% |
| Catering                           | £14,356,000         | 24%          | £68,151,000     | 38% | £82,507,000 | 34% |
| Attraction/entertainment           | £5,989,000          | 10%          | £20,106,000     | 11% | £26,095,000 | 11% |
| Transport                          | £7,518,000          | 13%          | £10,725,000     | 6%  | £18,243,000 | 8%  |
| Total                              |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| (1)                                |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    | £60,028,000         | £180,549,000 | £240,577,000    |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| Other non trip related expenditure |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| (2)                                |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    | £14,701,000         |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| Total direct 2016                  | £255,278,000        |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| Total direct 2015                  | £230,835,000        |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |
| % change                           | 11%                 |              |                 |     |             |     |
|                                    |                     |              |                 |     |             |     |

 
 
(1) Adjustments have been made to visitor expenditure by sector to recognise that some spending on retail and food and drink will fall within attractions or accommodation establishments. A small proportion of day trip spend will also fall into 'Accommodation' where day visitors have eaten in restaurants/bars of hotels. Furthermore, it is assumed that 40% of travel expenditure occurs outside the destination 
(2) Apart from the spending associated with the individual trips, additional spending by non-visitors, e.g. friends and relatives with whom the visitor is staying with will also take place. Moreover, owners of second homes/boats will spend some money on maintenance, repair. Data is only available for additional expenditure made related to overnight trips. 

Table 7: Income for local business generated by trip expenditure Direct 
£255,278,000 
Supplier and income induced 
£72,776,000 
Total 2016 
£328,054,000 
Total 2015 
£276,030,000 
% change 
19% 

Table 8: Local employment supported by the visitor economy 
2016 
2015 
% change 
Total FTE Jobs 
4,633 
4,348 
7% 
Total Actual Jobs  
6,371 
5,965 
7% 

Table 9: Proportion of total jobs sustained across all sectors 
Total 
 
Total employed (3) 
102,700 
Tourism employment 
6,371 
Tourism proportion 
6% 

 
(3) Total labour force is based on all employees incl. part-time (excludes government-supported trainees and HM Force and self-employment). The information comes from the Business Register and Employment Survey (BRES) an employer survey conducted by ONS in December of each year. 

## Glossary Of Terms Actual Jobs Many Jobs Are Seasonal Or Part-Time In Their Nature In The Tourism Sector, So An Adjustment Is Made To Calculate The Actual Number Of Jobs From The Number Of Ftes. The Adjustment Made Is Based On The Findings Of Surveys Of Tourism Related Businesses, And National Employment Surveys. Annual Business Inquiry (Abi) This Is The Main Government Survey Of Companies In The Uk. It Is Conducted In Two Parts: One Dealing With Employment, The Other With Financial Information. Annual Survey Of Hours And Earnings The Ahse Survey Provides Information On Wage Levels By Industry Sector And Occupation. The Main Strength Of The Ahse Is Its Large Sample Size. It Is Based On A 1% Sample Of Employees Who Are Members Of Paye. The Coverage Of Full-Time Adult Employees Is Virtually Complete, And Consequently The Survey Is Representative Of Hours Worked For Full-Time Employees On Adult Rates Of Pay (Although The Survey Is Currently Not Weighted). The Coverage Of Part-Time Employees Is Not Comprehensive, As Some Part-Time Workers Will Have Earnings Below The Income Tax Threshold. The Ahse Is The Best Source For Estimating Full Time Earnings. Direct Jobs Jobs Directly Generated In Those Local Businesses In Which Visitors Spend Money, I.E. Hotels, Catering Establishments. Economic Multiplier

Multipliers are used to estimate the economic impact of visitor expenditure. Visitor expenditure produces three effects. Direct effects are changes in the business sector directly receiving visitor expenditure. For instance, visitors staying in a hotel will directly increase revenue and the number of jobs in the hotel sector. Indirect effects are the changes in supplier businesses. For example, these indirect effects would be hotels purchasing more linen from local suppliers as a result of increased business. Induced effects are changes in local economic activity resulting from household spending. For instance, employees of the hotel and linen supplier spend their wages in the local area, resulting in more sales, income and jobs in the area. Full Time Equivalent Jobs (FTE) For the purposes of the Model, a FTE is defined by the average annual salary plus employment costs in the sector concerned. Indirect jobs Jobs created locally due to the purchases of goods and services by businesses benefiting from visitor expenditure, i.e. jobs with local suppliers. Induced jobs 
 
Jobs created throughout the local economy because employees employed due to visitor expenditure spend their wages locally on goods and services such as food, clothing and housing. International Passenger Survey (IPS) The International Passenger Survey is conducted by Office for National Statistics and is based on face-to-face interviews with a sample of passengers travelling via the principal airports, sea routes and the Channel Tunnel, together with visitors crossing the land border into Northern Ireland. Around 210,000 interviews are undertaken each year. IPS provides headline figures, based on the county or unitary authority, for the volume and value of inbound trips to the UK. Labour Force Survey (LFS) 
The LFS is a household panel survey, continuous since 1992, with results produced each quarter. It has a sample of approximately 60,000 households. The LFS is the government's largest continuous household survey and participation in the survey is voluntary. LFS data is weighted to enable the population estimates to be produced. The weighting also attempts to compensate for differential non-response among different subgroups in the population. LFS is designed to provide information on the UK labour market that can be used to develop, manage and evaluate labour market. 'Other-trip' Expenditure Apart from the spending associated with the individual trips, additional spending by non-visitors, e.g. friends and relatives with whom the visitor is visiting and/or staying with will also take place. Moreover, owners of second homes/boats will spend some money on maintenance, repair. Great Britain Tourism Survey (GBTS) The Great Britain Tourism Survey is undertaken for VisitBritain and is based on 1,000,000 telephone interviews per each year. It provides basic headline data on the volume and value of domestic tourism at a national, regional and county level. Staying trips 
 
Staying trips comprise a visit which involves a stay away from home of at least one night. The study measures trips, rather than visitors as one visitor may make multiple trips to an area in a given period. Great Britain Day Visits Survey (GBDVS) Great Britain Day Visits Survey is undertaken for VisitBritain and is based on an annual sample of c. 35,000 adults in Great Britain.  It measures a range of aspects of day-visits made to all areas of Great Britain. Tourism day trips 
 
Day trips are defined as a visit to and from home for leisure purposes, undertaken on an irregular basis and lasting a minimum of three hours. The report excludes trips undertaken for business or study purposes, as these are not covered by the Leisure Day Visits Survey methodology. The definition of day trips adopted by this study is that used by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport. United Kingdom Occupancy Survey (UKOS) 
As part of the EU Directive on Tourism Statistics adopted in 1995, the UK must report regularly on a specified range of statistics to Eurostat, the official statistical office of the European Union. Included in these statistics are monthly occupancy rates for UK serviced accommodation. The responsibility for providing this data lies with the four National Tourist Boards, and across England the survey is undertaken by the Regional Tourist Boards. A sample of establishments is recruited to the survey and asked to complete a data form each month, giving details of their nightly occupancy. The data form is processed and analysed to produce monthly occupancy rates for the whole of the area and for specific categories of type, size, location etc. VFR Trips  
 
VFR trips are defined as a visit where the main purpose is visiting friends and relatives. Whilst many trips to visit friends and relatives will be accommodated in the homes of these friends/ relatives, some will make use of other forms of accommodation. It should be also noted that other forms of trip, for instance for holiday or business purposes may stay with friends and relatives rather than in commercial accommodation.