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The Gunpowder Plot Can you uncover the plans of the plotters?

Initial Detail of James I Coram Rege Rolls 1623 (KB27/1522) The Gunpowder Plot

Around midnight on Monday 4th of November 1605, Sir Thomas Knyvett was ordered to carry out a search of the rooms below the hall in which Parliament, crammed with MPs and Lords, would be opened the following day by King James. There he met a man coming out of a room packed with firewood who gave his name as John Johnson. Knyvett arrested him and searched the wood to find hidden within it 36 barrels of gunpowder, enough to blow up the entire Palace of Westminster and everyone in it. Johnson carried fuses and a timer. He was taken straight to the Tower of London to be questioned.

King James’ men had decided to search the Palace because of a letter that Lord Monteagle had received a few days before. Monteagle took the letter straight to the government.

Look at the letter and other documents below and see if you can unravel this Gunpowder plot.

Contents:

Teacher’s notes: ................................................................. 3 Questions: ........................................................................ 4 Source One: ...................................................................... 5 Source Two: ...................................................................... 6 Source Three: ................................................................. 9 Source Four: ................................................................. 11 Source Five: ................................................................. 13

This resource was produced using documents from the collections of The National Archives. It can be freely modified and reproduced for use in the classroom only. The Gunpowder Plot

Can you uncover the plans of the plotters?

Teacher’s notes

This lesson is suitable for History Key stage 3 unit 1: Section 1: Who is the most important person I know about in history? Or unit 22: units 1-6: The role of the individual for good or ill?

Additional simplified transcripts are provided to support all pupils as the language used within the documents is often challenging. Teachers could adapt this lesson if they wish to carry out a group-based activity. Small groups could work on printed versions of the different sources and present to the rest of class. They could also work in small groups at a whiteboard and present to the class that way. Alternatively, teachers might wish to approach the topic through the last task (5d) alone.

Extension activities

Teachers could use the evidence to construct a role play activity investigating the plot with the key characters: King James, Lord Monteagle, ‘Johnson’, Percy and others.

After the explosion, the plan was that some of the plotters would lead an uprising in the Midlands. They would kidnap Princess Elizabeth, James’ nine year old daughter, from her household at Coombe Abbey, to use as a figurehead through whom they could rule the country and restore the rights of Catholics. However, their explosives expert was disturbed as he arrived to light the fuse...

The trial of the eight surviving conspirators was held in the same room they had tried to blow up: Westminster Hall, within the Parliament building. All eight were found guilty and by the end of January 1606, all eight had been executed. The plotters were hung, drawn and quartered. Their heads were then set upon poles as a warning to others. Teachers might wish to discuss with their pupils what would have happened if the plot had succeeded.

As result of the plot, James I became more popular having survived an attempt on his life. However, it became harder for Catholics to practise their religion or play a part in society. Finally, there is no doubt that Guy Fawkes is remembered incorrectly as the main plotter, a myth perpetuated as generations of children celebrate Bonfire Night.

Background

During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I, followers of the Roman Catholic religion in England had faced serious difficulties including harsh fines and the risk of imprisonment or violence. Catholic priests, vital to the practice of the religion, were banned and government spies tried hard to round up those who were secretly working in the kingdom.

When James I came to the throne Catholics in England thought that things would get better for them, but James kept all of Elizabeth’s tough laws against Catholics. Very early in his reign a group of Catholic noblemen decided that the King would have to be killed for things to change.

On 26th October 1605 Thomas Ward, a servant of the Catholic Lord Monteagle, was given a letter by an ‘unknown man’ to give to his master. When Monteagle read the letter he found it was a warning to stay away from the opening of Parliament, due in a few days. He gave the letter directly to the Privy Council and the King in Whitehall.

Although the conspirators knew the letter had been passed to the government they decided to go ahead as planned, trusting that their explosives expert was unknown to the authorities. The plot did not succeed. Questions

Task One – Source One

This is the letter sent to Lord Monteagle a few days before parliament. What two steps does the writer want Lord Monteagle to take? Why does the writer suggest that Lord Monteagle should follow this advice?

Task Two – Source Two

This is a copy of the examination of John Johnson.

- Who do you think John Johnson might be?
- What did Johnson plan to do to parliament?
- Name one of the other plotters whom Johnson mentions
- Was Johnson worried about any Catholics who might have been there?

Task Three – Source Three

This is a proclamation (royal demand) made after the plot was discovered.

- Why does the government want Thomas Percy to be captured alive?
- Who else has Thomas Percy tried to blow up apart from the King and Parliament?
- Why do you think the plotters might have wanted to kill these other people?
- Read the description of Thomas Percy. Do you think it is enough information for him to be found?

Task Four – Source Four

Soldiers tracked Thomas Percy to Holbeach House in Staffordshire. This is a statement given by Thomas Wintour, another one of the plotters who was there:

- Who were the plotters present at the house?
- What happened when the ‘company beset’ (soldiers attacked) the house?

Task Five – Source Five

Guy Fawkes/John Johnson has been questioned and given more information. Read this extract and answer the following questions:

- What was the plotters’ plan for Princess Elizabeth?
- Does this support the evidence provided in Source 2?
- Why do you think Fawkes seems to have changed his story?
- Finally, look at all of the sources again and write a report on the plot including the following: Who was involved?
- What was the plan?
- Did it have any weaknesses?
- What was the outcome? Transcript

My lord, out of the love I have for some of your friends, I want to make sure you are safe. Because of this I would advise you not to attend this sitting of parliament because God and man have agreed to punish the wickedness of this time. Do not think this is a joke, go to your estate in the country where you will be safe, because although there is no sign of any problem yet, this parliament will receive a terrible blow, but they will not see who it is that hurts them. This advice should not be ignored as it may do you some good, and it can do you no harm because the danger will have passed as soon as you have burned this letter. I hope God grants you the grace to make good use of it, and that he protects you.

Simplified transcript

My lord, out of the love I have for some of your friends, I want to make sure you are safe. Because of this I would advise you not to attend this sitting of parliament because God and man have agreed to punish the wickedness of this time. Do not think this is a joke, go to your estate in the country where you will be safe, because although there is no sign of any problem yet, this parliament will receive a terrible blow, but they will not see who it is that hurts them. This advice should not be ignored as it may do you some good, and it can do you no harm because the danger will have passed as soon as you have burned this letter. I hope God grants you the grace to make good use of it, and that he protects you.

Glossary

Preservacion : safety Concurred : agreed Country : estate Source Two - Extract from the examination of 'John Johnson', 5th November 1605

[Handwritten text from the examination of 'John Johnson', 5th November 1605] Transcript

D. He saith, that he knows not but by generall report and by making ready of the kings barge, that the king was coming thither the first day of this parliament, But confesseth that his purpose was to have blowne upp the upper house whencesoever the king was there.

E. And being demanded if his purpose had taken effect, what would have ben done with the Queenes Majesty and her royall issue, saith that if they hadd ben there he wuld not have helped them,

F. And being demanded if the king and his royall issue had ben all taken away whom would have ben published or elected king, Saith Percie never entered into that consultation.

G. And being demanded when the king, his royal issue, the Nobles, Bishops, Judge, and of the principall of the Comons, were all destroyed what government would have ben, Answereth we were not growne to any determination therein, and beeing but a fewe of them the could not enter into such conforsation, but that the people of themselves would decide a head.

H. He confesseth that he hath knowne Mr Percy two or three years but served him not, but about three moneths before the house was hired as is aforesaid, I. Being demanded what noble men were warned, that they would not be there at that time, Answereth, wuld durst not forewarn them for feare wich should be discovered , And being asked why he would be a partie to any acte that might destroy any that was of his owne relligion, Answereth, we meant principally to have resported [regarded, seen] somme safely, and would have prayed for them. Simplified transcript

D. He said he did not know, except from rumours and from the Kings barge being made ready, that the king was coming here on the first day of this parliament, but he did confess that his job was to blow up the upper house when the King was there.

E. And, being asked what would have happened to the Queen and her children if his plan had been carried out, he said that if they had been there, he would not have helped them.

F. And, being asked who would replace them if the King and all his heirs had been killed, he said Percy never asked that question.

G. And being asked, when the King, his heirs, the Nobles, Bishops, Judge and the leader of the commons were all destroyed, what kind of government would there be, he answered that the people themselves would elect a head.

H. He confessed that he has known Mr Percy two or three years, but hasn’t worked for him, however about three months ago the house was hired as is already mentioned.

I. Being asked what Noble men were advised to stay away from parliament at that time, he answered that he wouldn’t date warn them for fear that they should be discovered. And asked why he would be a part of any act that might kill someone of his own religion [Catholic], he answered that some would have been seen safe and they would have prayed for them. A Proclamation for the search and apprehension of Thomas Percy.

Whereas one Thomas Percy, a Gentleman Pensioner to his Maiestie, is discovered to have been privy to one of the most horrible Treasons that ever was contrived, that is, to have blown by this day, while his Maiestie should have been in the upper House of the Parliament, attended with the Queene, the Prince, all his Nobilitie & the Commons, with Gun-powder (for which purpose a great quantitie of Powder was conveyed into a Vault under the said Chamber, which is this morning there found) the Chamber where they should bee assembled, which Percy is Sithens fled: These are to will and command

mand all our Officers and loving Subjects whatsoever, to doe that which we doubt not but they will willingly performe according to the former experience we have had of their love and zeal toward vs, That is, to make all diligent search for the said Percy, and him to apprehend by all possible meanes, especially to keepe him alive, to the end the rest of the Conspirators may be discovered. The said Percy is a tall man, with a great broad beard, a good face, the colour of his beard and head mingled with white haires, but the head more white then the beard, he stouped somewhat in the shoulders, well coloured in the face, long footed, small legged.

Given at our Palace of Westminister, the fift day of November, in the third yeere of our Reigne of Great Britaine.

Anno Dom. 1605. Transcript

Whereas one Thomas Percy, a Gentleman Pensioner to his Majesty, is discovered to have been privy to one of the most horrible Treasons that ever was contrived, that is, to have blown up this day, while his Majesty should have been in the upper House of the Parliament, attended with the Queen, the Prince, all his nobility and the Commons with Gunpowder (for which purpose a great quantity of Powder was conveyed into a vault under the said Chamber, which is this morning there found) the Chamber where they should be assembled, which Percy is sithens fled: These are to will and command all our Officers and loving Subjects whatsoever, to do that which we doubt not but they will willingly perform according to the former experience we have had of their love and zeal towards us, That is, to make all diligent search for the said Percy, and to apprehend by all possible means, especially to keep him alive, to the end the rest of the Conspirators may be discovered. The said Percy is a tall man, with a great broad beard, a good face, the colour of his beard and head mingled with white hairs, but the head more white than the beard, he stoopeth somewhat in the shoulders, well coloured in the face, long footed, small legged. Given at our Palace of Westminster, the fifth day of November, in the third year of our reign in Great Britain. Anno Domini 1605

Simplified transcript

Whereas one Thomas Percy, a bodyguard to the King is found to have been involved in one of the most horrible acts of Treason ever planned, that is, while the King, Queen, Prince, all the nobility and the commons were in the upper house, it was to be blown up with gunpowder (and for this purpose a great deal of powder was moved into a cellar under the house which was found there this morning), and Percy has now run away. These commands call our Officers and loyal subjects to willingly search for Percy and arrest him using all possible means, but keeping him alive, so we can discover the rest of the plotters. Percy is a tall man with a great broad beard and a good face. His beard and head is sprinkled with white hairs, however his head is whiter than his beard. He stoops slightly and has a good colour in his face as well as big feet and short legs. Given at the Palace of Westminster, the fifth of November 1605.

Glossary

Gentleman Pensioner: Bodyguard Sithens : now Source Four: Thomas Wintour’s Confession, 23rd of November 1605

When I came I found Mr. Catshbye I was unable well, Mr. Percy, Doug, Mr. Wright, Mr. Ruckwood, and Mr. Grant. I asked them what they wished to do. They answered, we meant to die. I say, anyway, I would take a part of the gunpowder, and so I walked with the round shot into the shoulder, and lost me. So I put my arm, the next shot was ye elder Knight. Then I said, after you, ye younger, Mr. Wright, and fourteen Imbroe. Ruckwood, Mr. Page, Mr. Catshbye, and some before, ye three, ye wore a suit, and ye two wore shot (as far as I could see, ye one bullet) and ye gun, ye company entered upon me. Transcript

When I came I found Mr. Catesby reasonably well. Mr. Percy, both the Wrights, Mr. Rokewood and Mr. Grant were also there. I asked them what they planned to do. They answered “We mean to die here”. I said again that I would do the same as them. At about eleven o’clock the house was raided by soldiers and as I walked into the courtyard, I was shot in the shoulder, which lost me the use of my arm. The next shot struck the elder Wright, and after him the younger Mr. Wright, then fourthly Ambrose Rokewood. Mr. Catesby then said to me (standing in front of the door they were about to come through) Stand by Mr Tom, and we will die together.” “Sir,” I said “I have lost the use of my right arm and think that means I will be captured.” So as we stood close together, Mr Catesby and Mr Percy were shot and I was arrested.

Simplified transcript

When I came I found Mr. Catesby reasonably well. Mr. Percy, both the Wrights, Mr. Rokewood and Mr. Grant were also there. I asked them what they planned to do. They answered “We mean to die here”. I said again that I would do the same as them. At about eleven o’clock the house was raided by soldiers and as I walked into the courtyard, I was shot in the shoulder, which lost me the use of my arm. The next shot struck the elder Wright, and after him the younger Mr. Wright, then fourthly Ambrose Rokewood. Mr. Catesby then said to me (standing in front of the door they were about to come through) Stand by Mr Tom, and we will die together.” “Sir,” I said “I have lost the use of my right arm and think that means I will be captured.” So as we stood close together, Mr Catesby and Mr Percy were shot and I was arrested.

Glossary

Quoth : said Beset : attacked Transcript

Forasmuch as they knew not well how they should come by the person of the Duke Charles [the future King Charles I, aged 5], being near London, where they had no forces (if he had not been also blown up) he confesseth that it was resolved among them that, the same day that this detestable act should have been performed, the same day should other of their confederacy have surprised the person of the Lady Elizabeth [the King’s eldest daughter, aged 9] and presently have proclaimed her Queen, to which purpose a proclamation was drawn, as well to avow and justify the action, as to have protested against the Union, and in no sort to have meddled with religion therein, and would have protested against all strangers, and this proclamation should have been made in the name of the Lady Elizabeth. Simplified transcript

They did not know how they would be able to get Duke Charles [son of King James] if he had not also been blown up as they did not have any forces (soldiers) near London. He confessed that it was decided amongst them that, on the same day that this horrible act was carried out, one of their group should kidnap the Lady Elizabeth [eldest daughter of King James] and declare her Queen, and a statement made in her name which justified this step and that it was her wish not to interfere in religion of the country.