Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Ceylon

Following earlier settlements by the Dutch and Portuguese, the British colony of Ceylon was established in 1802 but it was not until the annexation of the Kingdom of Kandy in 1815 that the entire island came under British control.

Ceylon became independent in 1948, and a member of the British Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth remained Head of State until Ceylon became a republic in 1972, under the name of Sri Lanka.

Secret and confidential despatches sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies

FCO 141/2098-2129: the despatches consist of copies of letters and reports from the Governor and the departments of state in Ceylon circular notices on a variety of subjects such as draft bills and statutes sent for approval, the publication of orders in council, the situation in the Maldives, the Ceylon Defence Force, imports and exports, currency regulations, official visits, the political movements of Ceylonese and Indian activists, accounts of conferences, lists of German and Italian refugees interned in Ceylon and accounts of labour unrest. Papers relating to civil servants, including some application forms, lists of officers serving in various branches, conduct reports in cases of maladministration, medical reports, job descriptions, applications for promotion, leave and pensions, requests for transfers, honours and awards and details of retirements. 1931-48

Secret and confidential telegrams received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies

FCO 141/2130-2156: secret telegrams from the Colonial Secretary covering subjects such as orders in council, shipping, trade routes, customs, imports and exports, rice quotas, rubber and tea prices, trading with the enemy, air communications, the Ceylon Defence Force, lists of enemy aliens, German and Japanese reparations, honours and appointments. Files covering the period towards independence cover constitutional reform, the opening of the new Parliament, British nationality, Ceylonese representation in London, Parliamentary elections, Indo-Ceylon negotiations, trade unions and press and publicity. 1914-47

Secret and confidential telegrams sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies

FCO 141/2157-2161, 2164-2171: secret telegrams regarding civil servants, honours and awards, bills, rules and regulations, public relations in the colonies, draft orders in council, press broadcasts, constitutional reforms, costs of living estimates, imports and exports, Indian labour, the Maldives, rice and rubber production. Files covering the Second World War include telegrams regarding aircraft requirements, shipping and supply, rationing, war loans, enemy aliens and the repatriation of German citizens. 1924-47

Independence: secret and personal telegrams received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies

FCO 141/2162: secret and personal telegrams covering ministerial oaths, Ceylon's import and export programme, the opening of the new Parliament, new bills, the drafting of the new constitution and the creation of the post of UK High Commissioner in Ceylon.

The binder also contains messages from the Prime Minister and the Secretary of State for the Colonies to Mr Senanyake on 3 February 1948 upon his becoming Ceylon's first Prime Minister and a message from the British Government to the people of Ceylon. 1947-48

Register of despatches sent to the Secretary of State for the Colonies

FCO 141/2172-2179: register books of despatches to the Colonial Secretary regarding civil servants, ordinances to be confirmed, duty payments, imports and exports, capital punishment, the Maldives, military matters, accounts of the colony, hospitals and asylums and sanitary improvements. The volume for 1897 includes messages regarding Queen Victoria's diamond jubilee and the volume for 1901 contains messages of sympathy regarding her death. 1897-1903, 1906 Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Cyprus

Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Cyprus was handed over to Britain by Turkey for administrative purposes in 1878 though not formally ceded. Responsibility for Cyprus affairs was transferred from the Foreign Office to the Colonial Office on 6 December 1880. Following the outbreak of the First World War, and the decision of the Ottoman Empire to join the war on the side of the Central Powers, Cyprus was annexed to the British crown. The annexation was recognised by both Turkey and Greece under the 1923 Treaty of Lausanne and in 1925 Cyprus became a British Crown Colony. Cyprus became an independent republic on 16 August 1960 and a member of the Commonwealth on 13 March 1961.

The fourth tranche of records relating to the administration of Cyprus covers the years 1940 – 1960. The records are arranged below within subject areas based on the non-standard registration system used within the Administrative Secretary’s Office, the Colonial Secretary’s Office and the Commissioner’s and Governor’s private office.

**Named Individuals**

FCO 141/3254, 3268, 3731-32, 4125-26, 4137: A series of files covering allegations of unprofessional conduct against Zenon Rossides, advocate; the withdrawal of a passport from Spyros Achilles Kyprianou; the suspension of Mr C. E. Liassides following disturbances at Paphos College; death sentence given to Michalakis Karaolis and subsequent appeal; the activities of Andreas I Pappas, Consul General for Greece in Cyprus; and Dr Themistocles Dervis, Mayor of Nicosia. 1950-59.

**Education Policy**

FCO 141/ 3255-58, 3267, 3284, 3286: A series of files covering technical education in Cyprus; the management and control of the English School in Nicosia; secondary education policy; the provision of evening schools for Turkish girls; and rioting at Paphos College during Coronation week. 1952-60

**Earthquake, Paphos District**

FCO 141/3271-74: Three files dealing with the aftermath of the 1953 earthquake including a report of the Reconstruction Committee including photographs; messages of condolence and offers of help; and worries concerning communist infiltration Commissioners Reports

FCO 141/3277-81: a collection of monthly reports from the Commissioners stationed at Paphos, Nicosia and Kyrenia, Limassol, Famagusta, and Larnaca. The issues covered in the reports include agricultural returns, crime figures, ecclesiastical and political affairs, imports and exports and public health. 1953-54

Counter Propaganda

FCO 141/3709-29: a series of twenty files detailing counter propaganda activities and policy. The files include responses to EOKA leaflets threatening death to collaborators; the use of captured documents for propaganda purposes; a dossier on Athens Radio broadcasts; correspondence with the Controller of the Cyprus Broadcasting Service; activities in the United States; the state of Greece-Turkish relations and the use of psychological warfare. 1955-59

Cyprus Constitution

FCO141/4621-29: a run of files concerned with completion of the draft Constitution for the independent Republic of Cyprus. Issues discussed include civil administration within Sovereign Base Areas; the work of the Transitional Committee; relations with ministers; and questions of nationality and citizenship, 1959-60

Executive Council

FCO 141/4776-80: a collection of minute books covering the work of the Executive Council between 1940-60, duplicates material in CO 69. Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Kenya

After the Anglo-German Agreement of 1886, the area which became Kenya was administered by the British East Africa, with the Foreign Office assuming control of the East Africa Protectorate in 1895. In 1920, the territory became the Kenya Colony under the administration of the Colonial Office. An insurgency against colonial rule, which became known as the Mau Mau 'rebellion', began in Kenya in 1952, causing the colonial government to declare a state of emergency which lasted until 1960. Kenya became an independent state within the Commonwealth in 1963 and a republic in 1964.

The majority of the files in this release date from the 1950s and concern aspects of the insurgency and the response of the Kenyan government. Many of them originate in the Kenyan Ministry of African Affairs. These records are in addition to the tranche of Kenya files in FCO 141 which were released in April 2012.

The files supplement others already held by The National Archives, which relate to the Kenya emergency of 1952-60 and are described in our online catalogue, particularly in the following series:

- CO 822: Colonial Office: East Africa: Original Correspondence
- WO 216: War Office: Office of the Chief of the Imperial General Staff: Papers
- WO 276: War Office: East Africa Command: papers
- CO 1066: Colonial Office: Kenya Information Service: Photographs

Council of Ministers

FCO 141/5595-5597, 5609-5610, 5614-5615, 5618-5621, 5626-5627, 5630, 5638-5640: Council of Ministers, agenda and memoranda: papers considered by Council of Ministers on all aspects of administration, many relating to Mau Mau 1954-58

Mau Mau activity and operations

These files include information about operations against Mau Mau on the ground, including screening (process of evaluating commitment of individuals to Mau Mau and of obtaining 'confessions') and denial of resources to Mau Mau, the use of surrendered Mau Mau activists and about official perceptions of Mau Mau organisation and activities. They include minutes of District Emergency Committees, details complaints and allegations against security forces and statistics relating to the state of emergency, including names and numbers of individuals held in different types of camps.

FCO 141/5673-5682: Nairobi Extra-Provincial District Emergency Committee, Rift Valley Province Emergency Committee, Central Provincial Emergency Committee minutes 1952-55 FCO 141/7172: minutes of Provincial/Extra Provincial District Emergency Committee 1954-56

FCO 141/7173-7174, 7176: Mau Mau unrest; minutes of Provincial Emergency Committee 1954-57

FCO 141/6155-6163, 6459, 7202: minutes and complaints Central Province Emergency Committee; minutes of meetings 1954-56

FCO 141/6156: minutes of Central and Southern Province Emergency Committee, Nairobi District Emergency Committee, Mombasa District Emergency Committee meetings 1953-57

FCO 141/7175: application for Governor’s detention orders 1954-56

FCO 141/5683-5685: offer of amnesty and treatment of surrendered terrorists 1952-56

FCO 141/5686-5690: emergency organisation, War Council Instructions and operational directives, statistics 1953-54

FCO 141/5691-5692: capture and interrogation of Kaleba; allegations of brutality against Kenya Regiment and security forces 1953-61

FCO 141/5693-5704: Operation Chui, Operation Anvil and removal of surplus and disloyal Kikuyu, Embu and Meru, phase III operations 1954-56

FCO 141/5875-5888: Mau Mau organisation, its history and activities, links with Dini ya Msambwa, infiltration into neighbouring territories and areas, oathing practices, Sociology Committee report, Mau Mau Association and Kenya students

FCO 141/5894-5898: Mau Mau organisation, Fort Hall, South Nyeri, Naivasha, South Kenya 1952-55

FCO 141/5910-5911: Unrest in Nyanza Province 1949-59

FCO 141/5919-5929: security of Central, Nyanza, Coast, Rift Valley provinces and Northern Frontier Districts, Galubba tribe and Degodia prisoners 1950-61

FCO 141/6124-6142, 6146: emergency, control of movement of Kikuyu, Embu and Meru and others, passbook system, restrictions on trade, relaxation of restrictions, rehabilitation 1953-60

FCO 141/6143-6145, 6147-6153: forfeiture of terrorist property, Governor’s powers, corporal punishment, revocation of emergency measures, rewards for elimination of terrorists, movement of terrorists, Provincial and District Security Committees 1953-1960

FCO 141/6164-6170, 6173-6179, 6251, 6455: screening camps and operations; complaints by Mr J W Stapleton, Mr T J F Wisden, P R Meldon, Major W R Foran, complaints and allegations concerning screening teams and camps, petitions from detainees at Takwa Special Detention Camp, Manda Island, inquiry into camps by Sir Vincent Glenday, screening of Africans Colonial administration records (migrated archives) guidance

under Operation Anvil, Mau Mau Investigation Centre; screening and release of Mau Mau convicts, including Review Committee of Mau Mau Prison Sentences 1953-59

FCO 141/6180-6184: scheme for anti-civil disturbance organisation in Nairobi; Bulldog Operation Instruction No. 4, control of the Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) in Nairobi; security of Nairobi 1954-60

FCO 141/6185-6195: Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) Guards: arms and equipment, prison accommodation, position of Director, YMCA Hostel incident, 3 January 1955, Embu Guard strong points, rewards for Kamba Home Guards, Chuka incident – killing of 22 members of Meru Home Guard by King’s African Rifles, 17-18 June 1953, suspects held, establishment matters 1953-58

FCO 141/6196-6204, 6208: Kikuyu illegally living in Masai District, influence of communism, amnesty of disposal of surrendered terrorists, construction of tactical roads and bridges, denial of food to Mau Mau, compensation in the Kikuyu Native land Unit and arising out of the emergency; killing of five members of Kikuyu Guard on Consolata Mission 1953-57

FCO 141/6205-6207, 6209-6212, 6215-6219, 6507-6511: complaints against Security Forces; Ndithini Camp incident, incidents at Ndoma Market and Ndioni Village, prosecution of Chief Mundia for assault, the death of Kamau son of Gichina and conduct of Mr H W Richmond, District Officer; allegations of brutality in Embu District committed by Special Branch officers; complaint by Mr G C Wiley of Mweiga; complaint by Mr G C Wiley of Mweiga; complaint by Mr Titus Mwangi Ngatia; alleged affences by District Officers (Kikuyu Guard); irregularities in Kenya Prisons 1954-59

FCO 141/6220-6226, 7216: statistics on aspects of the emergency; monthly returns of detainees, statistics 1953-61

FCO 141/6227-6234: psychological warfare; anti-Mau Mau propaganda; administrative action in Central Province; release of convicts; progress reports, detention camps; removal of Kikuyu, concentration in Nakura township; removal of the old African Location at Thika 1954-61

FCO 141/6235-6248, 6252: arrangements for War Council meetings; War Council directives – plans for Central Province, Rift Valley Province, Farm Guards, Nairobi Extra Provincial District, Northern Province; measures against female terrorists and sympathisers and Mau Mau passive wing, social problems arising from Emergency 1953-56

FCO 141/6433: Supreme Court of Kenya at Thika; Regina versus Chief Mundia and others accused of killing Nuhu Hiuhu son of Kabugi 1955

FCO 141/6450: surrender terms for Mau Mau terrorists 1955

FCO 141/6523-6537: Mau Mau in Ukambani, Machakos, Mombasa and Tanganyika, Kitui, Narok, Masai, Kajido and Ngong 1953-54

FCO 141/6545-6547: Mau Mau infiltration into Masai country, Tanganyika Border; Uganda, admission of Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) students to Makerere College 1954-55 FCO 141/6748-6749: memorandum of investigations carried out in the Maji Mazuri area, in connection with unsettled affairs between members of Kikuyu Home Guards and others 1953

FCO 141/6749: correspondence of District Officer, Londiani, Nakuru District 1953

FCO 141/6806: murder of Senior Chief Nderi and two police constables; seizure of cattle from Karagia, Unjiru and Thegenge; attempted murder of senior Chief Kasina Ndoo in Mwigani location, Kitui District on 22 September 1953, 1952-53

FCO 141/7171: requirement and filling of a full time post of Executive Officer in Thika District 1954

FCO 141/7187-7188, 7190-7194: complaints against Kenya Police, Fort Hall District; shooting incident in Naivasha District, two Masai killed by pseudo gang; alleged theft of money by Mr Powell, District Officer at Embu; passive resistance at Mwanza, July 1958; alleged rape; Nakuru, police case file RAA; CID investigation Messrs Bartlett and Potgeiter; manslaughter charges against Embu Guard 1955-59

FCO 141/7201: relocation and enquiries of missing members of family of Gideon Kimanga, Vice-President of Kenya Ports Authority (KPA) 1953

FCO 141/7211-7212: report and note of Mr Justice Holmes and Colonel Young, Commissioner of the Police, Kenya; inquiry into the Bruxner-Randall case; case of Regina versus Njuguna son of Kimani and three others; Regina versus Mwololo son of Ngwili; murder of Mrs Winifred Medcalfe 1954-56

FCO 141/7214: Mau Mau unrest; parliamentary questions 1953-54

FCO 141/7215: casualties to Security Forces 1953-54

Planning and operations

Files relating to higher level policy and planning of operations against Mau Mau, including manpower and civil policy, and some files on Operation Anvil.

FCO 141/6460-64: Deputy Director of Operations’ Committee minutes and miscellaneous papers; Operation Anvil planning and plan to rid Nairobi of surplus and disloyal Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) 1953-54

FCO 141/6473: Psychological Warfare Staff; minutes of meetings 1955-56

FCO 141/6475-77, 6484-6486: War Council; manpower review and planning; Manpower Working Programme; Working Party minutes and papers 1954-58

FCO 141/7203-7204: staff for War Council members; agenda for Emergency Joint Staff meetings 1954-57

FCO 141/7213: visit to UK by Mr M Blundell, European Minister without Portfolio as a Member of Kenya’s War Council 1953-54

FCO 141/6478: Asian manpower call-up to relieve the demand for European 1953-54 FCO 141/6479-6481, 6483: Cabinet Committee on Manpower; draft Sessional Paper; Council of Ministers Manpower Committee, minutes, memoranda, final report on requirements 1955

FCO 141/6482: correspondence with unofficial members of the Legislative Council 1954-55

FCO 141/6487-6488: Special Meetings at Government House, Nairobi; minutes and papers, telegrams to Secretary of State 1953-54

FCO 141/6496-6498: Emergency Council; weekly and fortnightly appreciations, papers circulated, minutes 1953-54

FCO 141/6500: post Emergency planning; Government’s Eighteen Point Statement of Policy for the future; progress reports 1955

FCO 141/6503: possible staff resignations in the event of Jomo Kenyatta’s release from restriction 1961

FCO 141/6505: treatment of Government employees in the Emergency; policy 1954-60

FCO 141/6508: additional demand and recruitment of European manpower 1954-57

FCO 141/6557-6559: campaign to encourage terrorists to surrender; denial of food, compensation to farmers, reduction of loss of firearms by public 1953-54

FCO 141/6560: sabotage and security of the railways 1953-54

FCO 141/6567: charges against members of security forces and civil indemnity; Chief Secretary’s Complaints Co-ordinating Committee 1954-55

FCO 141/6568-6569, 6571-6573: charges against members of security forces and civil indemnity; Chief Secretary’s Complaints Co-ordinating Committee; Phase VII operations; reduction of security forces; implementation of War Council Directive No. 9; Operations Wedgewood and Anvil; surrender offer to Mau Mau 1955-59

FCO 141/6610: minutes of the Deputy Director of Operations’ Committee on food denial measures to terrorist gangs 1955

FCO 141/6611: Report of the Social Security Committee of the Council of Ministers; Capital Cases Committee - procedure 1954-58

FCO 141/6614-6615: Emergency Organisation; procedure on matters requiring action by the Central Government and future 1954-55

FCO 141/6688-6690: staff recruitment and security vetting 1954-60

FCO 141/6750: African Home Guard; screening policy 1953-54

FCO 141/6751, 6757-6758: correspondence of District Officer, Londiani, Nakuru District 1953-54

FCO 141/6791-6792: responsibilities of Special Branch, security liaison officers in East Africa 1955-62

FCO 141/6979-6980: memoranda for the Council of Ministers on the security situation in Kenya; security situation 1960-63

FCO 141/6999: Kenya Information Service; public relations and publicity information services in Kenya 1952-63

FCO 141/7006: Preservation of Public Security Ordinance 1960; abolition of forced labour 1961-62

FCO 141/7148: internal security 1961-63

FCO 141/7200: retention of Red Cross workers in the Central Province 1956

FCO 141/7223: initiatives to assist government in dealing with Mau Mau terrorists; suggestions from the public 1953-54

State of Emergency

FCO 141/6540: review of the Emergency in Kenya 1949-61

FCO 141/6552-6556, 6561-6566: Emergency Committee; Emergency Joint Staff, papers, minute, correspondence 1953-54

FCO 141/6594-6595: declaration of state of emergency, internal security problems; emergency regulations and assises 1952-53

FCO 141/6596-6609: Emergency period; terrorist methods and tactics; passive wing, statistics of murders and casualties; surrenders; murders in the field; spread of Mau Mau in neighbouring territories; firearms; control of labour; rehabilitation camps; activities of secret society called Kiama Kia Muingi; situation report, District Officer (Lokitaung), R D F Ryland’s working file; rehabilitation screening; financial implications 1952-58

FCO 141/6739-6742: review of current Emergency Legislation; Kikuyu, Embu and Meru passbooks and loyalty certificates; confiscation of land in Elburgon of detainee, Paulo Thiongo 1953-61

Collective punishment

A series of files on individual farms, locations, villages and districts, which can be searched by keyword or browsed on the catalogue. The include details of the alleged reasons for the imposition of punishment (alleged support for Mau Mau) and of the nature of the punishment.

FCO 141/5930-6084: Mau Mau unrest; collective punishment under the Emergency Regulations 1952; forfeiture orders/monetary fines 1953-54; files are arranged by named divisions, locations, villages and farms.

FCO 141/6809-6811, 6818: forfeiture of land and property of Mau Mau terrorists; native Land Rights Confiscation orders; The Forfeiture of Lands Ordinance, 1953; Emergency Regulations, 1952; Emergency Regulations 4(a) (b); Collective and Communal Punishment 1953-63

Detainees, camps, ‘rehabilitation’, resettlement and reconstruction

These files include details on detention and works camps, including overall policy on camps and the processes of their establishment. They include investigation reports into incidents in detention camps, including Hola camp, and statements by individuals on their treatment. They include information on the classification of detainees and their suitability for ‘rehabilitation’ and resettlement, and details of plans for the movement of detainees and their Colonial administration records (migrated archives) guidance

FCO 141/6153-6154: Mau Mau unrest; rehabilitation of released detainees; Probation Service 1953-55

FCO 141/5651-5672: conditions and inquest on 11 deaths of detainees at Hola/Galole detention camp 3 March 1959, Aguthi camp and riot at Manyani camp, Athi River camp, camps on Mageta and Siyusi Islands, emergency regulations, conditions in camps more generally 1953-59

FCO 141/6253-6263, 6499, 6570, 7189: Works Camps; rehabilitation of young Kikuyu and women; resettlement of Kikuyu in Coast Province, Nairobi West transit camp, detainees at Makutano and Margate Works Camps, future of Athi River detention camps, policy of rehabilitation, resettlement/reabsorption of detainees, detention of Justin Njuguna son of Kahoro, ex Athi River Detention Camp; irregularities at Athi Camp 1953-57

FCO 141/6264-6268: Council of Ministers and Official Resettlement Committee; memoranda and papers, minutes 1954-58

FCO 141/6269: Youth training; future of Ujana Park, Langata 1954-56

FCO 141/6270: minutes of liaison meetings on co-ordination of rehabilitation - Prisons Department and Special Branch 1955-57

FCO 141/6271-74: illegal movement of Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) by rail, East African Railways; return of women and children to Rift Valley Province; progress reports on rehabilitation 1954-59

FCO 141/6275-6290: exile settlements at Hola/Galole, Garsen, Mkowe and Lodwar; policy; Hola and Turkwell Irrigation Schemes; possible sites; exile settlements; Mageta Island and Saiyusi Island; minutes of Hola Working Party meetings; death of eleven detainees at Hola, 3 March 1959 and report of committee enquiring into conduct of Superintendent M G Sullivan of Kenya Prisons Service 1954-59

FCO 141/6454: Hola Camp incident on 3 March 1959 - death of eleven detainees and allegations of beatings 1959

FCO 141/6298-6307: detainees and detention camps 1954-58

FCO 141/6309-6131, 6313-6314, 6316: release of detainees and convicts; policy, Advisory Committee on Detainees; Appeal Tribunal 1954-58

FCO 141/6308, 6312, 6315, 6317-6326: disposal of self-confessed murderers and alleged murderers in detention; Nyanza detainees, Mau Mau activities; payment of wages and families of detainees, security of camps and prisons; report by G H Heaton, strikes and go-slows, use of detainee labour; detention camp for women and rehabilitation – Kimiti Camp, movement of detainee; intakes of 'Z' category detainees to Mwea camps 1955-58

FCO 141/6327-6329, 7183-7184: movement, release and reabsorption of detainees 1957-59

FCO 141/6330-6331: detainees; proposals for Emergency Probation Orders; juvenile detainee 1954-57

FCO 141/6332-33: death of convict Kibabe Macharia at Gathigiriri Camp after interrogation; allegations by Mr V C Shuter of ill-treatment of detainees 1959-59

FCO 141/6334-6337: complaints and petitions from detainees; complaints (other than land) 1958-59

FCO 141/6338-6340, 6398: Fairn Committee on Emergency Detention Camps, report, implementation of proposals 1957-61

FCO 141/6393: possible criminal charge against Mr R Kenninson of Dagoretti Approved School re: death of Nyaa Kingola Mvaa 1957

FCO 141/6399: case of Kamau Gichina, Kikuyu prisoner who died after ill-treatment received in police custody 1955-56

FCO 141/6424-: Council of Ministers Resettlement Committee and Official Committee on Resettlement; minutes of meetings, papers, agenda 1954-58

FCO 141/6489-6494: Reconstruction Committee; minutes, papers, organisation of government machinery; African Agricultural Development and Reconstruction; projects for the Rift Valley Province; Emergency (Scheduled Areas) (Expatriation) Regulations, 1954; legal powers to control suspects and undesirables of meetings 1953-55

FCO 141/6501-6502, 6504: rehabilitation policy; general; Mau Mau exile settlements in Kenya; post emergency legislation 1955-58

FCO 141/6517: treatment of African civil servants detained under the Emergency Regulations; Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) railway employees 1953

FCO 141/6519-6521: allegations by Mr D G MacPherson, former head of Kenya CID, concerning detention, conditions in detention camps and prevention of CID investigations; detention camps; policy Detention Camps (Amendment) Bill, 1960; screening camps; Mau Mau Investigation Centre, Embakasi 1954-60

FCO 141/6538-6539, 6541-44: re-employment of Kikuyu; reabsorption and repatriation of Kikuyu, Embu and Meru 1953-58

FCO 141/6551: repatriation of Kikuyu from Tanganyika; disposal of displaced Kikuyu 1953-54

FCO 141/6745-6747: procedure for the disposal of Mau Mau convicts due for release; the Detention Camps (Amendments) Bill, 1960; Detention and Restriction Orders Mau Mau convicts due for release 1955-61

FCO 141/6775-6777: enquiry into complaints and allegations of assault by prisoners at Lokitaung Prison, Turkana 1958-59

FCO 141/6835: Land Consolidation; Nyanza Province 1956-60

FCO 141/7198: draft Detained and Restricted Persons Regulations, 1960 Ordinance 1960 FCO 141/7199: Regina versus W D Northcott, District Officer of Mkowe Kikuyu Settlement 1957

**Land/land settlement**

Most of the files relate the post Mau Mau settlement of land.

FCO 141/6913: report of Cabinet Committee on emergency measures to combat landlessness and unemployment, Central Region 1963

FCO 141/6914-6927: Central Land Board; scheduled areas and reports; Land Development and Settlement Board; land tenure and control; non-scheduled areas; revised Land Settlement Scheme 1961-63

FCO 141/6972: land policy 1962-63

**Intelligence**

The files consist largely of material collected by District Officers, but also include some Special Branch and police reports. The focus is on political activity, with accounts of meetings and activities of individuals, but they also include more general observations of economic and social conditions.

**Kenya Intelligence Committee/Director of Intelligence**

FCO 141/5641, 6812-6817, 6819, 6822-6824: Kenya Intelligence Committee; monthly appreciations, reports 1958-63

FCO 141/5737: Director of Intelligence and Security (DIS) internal intelligence summaries 1941-44

FCO 141/5739-5740: Secretariat Circular on collection of intelligence; reports on African affairs 1945-54

FCO 141/6456, 6522: reorganisation of intelligence services in Kenya Colony 1952-58

FCO 141/7002-7003: Joint Intelligence Bureau; reports on Kenya 1958-63

FCO 141/7205: extracts from digest of external intelligence 1959

FCO 141/6295-6297: Kenya connections with anti-colonial organisations in the USA: appreciations by Director of Intelligence and Security 1959-60

FCO 141/6583-6585: reports from Districts on Mau Mau and administration, intelligence organisation during emergency 1948-59

**District intelligence reports:**

FCO 141/5718-5722, 5724, 5726-5727: Nyeri, Nanyuki, Fort Hall, Thika, Nairobi, Kiambu, Kitui, Machakos and Embu districts of Central Province 1945-54

FCO 141/5723, 5725, 5728: Nyanza Province 1945-53

FCO 5729-5731, 5733, 5743: Rift Valley 1945-55

FCO 141/5732: Coast Province 1945-53

FCO 141/5734-5735: Northern Province 1945-55 FCO 141/5744: Northern Frontier District 1940-44

FCO 141/5717, 5745-5747: Turkana 1938-43

FCO 141/7196-7196: Mombasa, Jan-Mar 1952; Masai 1951-53

FCO 141/5736: special intelligence reports on Narok, Kajiado and Masai Districts 1949-53

FCO 141/5738, 5741-5742, 5744-5745: monthly intelligence reports on the Coast Province; Northern Frontier District; Turkana 1939-43

FCO 141/5717-45, 5801, 5807-5808: intelligence reports from Turkana, Central Province, including Nyeri, Nyanyuki, Meru, Fort Hall, Thika, Kiambu, Kitui, Machakos and Embu districts, Nyanza Province, Rift Valley Province, Northern Province, Narok, Kajiado and Masai districts 1945-53.

**District/Province Intelligence Committee summaries**

FCO 141/5746, 5748-49, 5780: Central Province 1953-61

FCO 141/5750-54: Nanyuki 1953-57; FCO 141/5755-60: Nyeri 1954-61

FCO 141/5761-5762: Fort Hall 1953-54; FCO 141/5766-69 Embu 1953-61

FCO 141/5770-73: Meru 1953-61; FCO 141/5774-5778: Kiambu 1953-64

FCO 141/5779, 5781-5782: Thika 1953-61

FCO 141/5783: Southern Province 1954-61

FCO 141/5784-85: Machakos 1953-61

FCO 141/5786-5787: Narok

FCO 141/5788: Kajiado 1953-61

FCO 141/5789-5790: Kitui 1953-61

FCO 141/5792: Masai 1953

FCO 141/5791-5796: Nairobi City 1953-61

FCO 141/5797-5799, 6755: Isiolo, Marsabit, Lokitaung, 1954-61

FCO 141/5800, 5803: Northern Province 1954-61

FCO 141/5802, 5806, 5811-14: Nyanza/North Nyanza 1953-61

FCO 141/5815-16: Kisii and South Nyanza 1953-61

FCO 141/5817-5817: Kericho 1953-61

FCO 141/5819-5821: Kisumu/Central Nyanza 1953-61

FCO 141/5822-5823: Elgon Nyanza 1955-61

FCO 141/5824-5828: Rift Valley Province 1953-1961

FCO 141/5830-33: Laikipia 1953-61

FCO 141/5834-5838: Eldoret/Uasin Gishu 1953-61 FCO 141/5839-5843: Nakuru 1953-61

FCO 141/5844-5845: Trans Nzoia 1953-61

FCO 141/5846-5849: Elgeyo-Marakwet, West Suk, Kapenguria, Nandi, Samburu 1953-61

FCO 141/5850-5853, Naivasha 1953-61

FCO 141/5854-5856: Coast Provincial 1953-61

FCO 141/5857-62: Voi, Lamu, Tana, Malindi, Kilifi, Kwale 1953-61

FCO 141/5863-5866: Mombasa 1958-61

FCO 141/5804: Mandera 1956-61

FCO 141/5805: Wajir 1956-61

FCO 141/5809: Garissa 1958-61

FCO 141/5810: Moyale 1956-60

FCO 141/5829: Baringo 1953-61

African political organisations and activity

FCO 141/5867-5874, 5902-5903: Kikuyu Central Association activities, collecting funds for Jomo (Johnstone) Kenyatta in England, petition to Secretary of State, 'The Kenyatta Cult', research paper, Kikuyu Provincial Association, other associations, societies and unions, African representation in Legislative Council, African religious sects 1934-60

FCO 141/6364: Jomo Kenyatta's press conference at Maralal on 11 April 1961 1961-63

FCO 141/6341-6342: disturbances in Baringo District of Rift Valley Province; fatal clash between Suk tribesmen and police under European command at Kolloa, 24 April 1950 1950-58

FCO 141/6515: Ukamba Members Association and Akamba Union; activities and membership 1939-54

FCO 141/6516: Kenya African Union (KAU); proscription 1950-53

FCO 141/6678-6684: application of the Limukuyu Peoples' Association for registration; formation of the Unity Action Group (UAG); proposed Kenya African Landless Union; composition of Coast People's Party; Nyeri District African Congress (NDAC); Kenya Land Freedom Army (KLFA); principles of the Ginger Action Group 1960-61

FCO 141/6773: All-African Trade Union Federation conference held at Casablanca, 25-31 May 1961 1959-62

FCO 141/6820: relationship between and activities of Kiama Kia Muingi and the African political scene in Nairobi 1958

FCO 141/6840: Northern Province; political developments, future and security 1960-61

FCO 141/6886: Kenya African National Union 1961-63 FCO 141/6889-6896, 6899-6903: Capricorn Africa Society; proposals for the future; Kenya National Party; Afro-Asian Movement, including Afro-Asian Solidarity Conference, Moshi, February 1963; All African Peoples Conferences; Constituency Elected Members Organisation of the Kenya Legislative Council; Pan African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa; political compendium of Kenya; societies and associations; Democratic Parliamentary Group of Kenya African Democratic Union; Northern Province Peoples National Union; Kenya Coalition Party; Congress of Africanists; African Peoples’ Party; Central Council of Kenya Muslims 1955-62

FCO 141/7137-7139: subversive societies and publications; Kikuyu subversion; 1957-62

Files on individuals

Information and intelligence on prominent political figures, with substantial files on, among others, Jomo Kenyatta, Tom Mboya, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga and Peter Mbiyu Koinange.

FCO 141/5892-5893, 5899-5901, 5904: activities of Jomo Kenyatta, Peter Mbiu Koinange, Chief Koinange, Paulo Macharia Ngerange 1947-60

FCO 141/6763-6765, 6774, 6843-6844: Jomo Kenyatta, movement/security to Maralal; standing orders for guarding, revocation of restriction order; petition to the Chief Secretary by the five Lodwar restrictees (including Jomo Kenyatta); restriction and release 1955-63

FCO 141/6785, 6849: Tom Mboya; research paper No. 1, study of T J Mboya as a threat to security 1958-63

FCO 141/6821, 6828-6829, 6904: African leading personalities 1955-63

FCO 141/6845-6868, 6885, 6887-6888: Paul Negi; Bildad Kaggia; Francis Joseph Khamisi; Jaramogi Ajuma Oginga Odinga; Bernard Mate; Daniel Arap Moi; James Nzau Muimi; Henry Pius Masinde Muliro; Ronald Gideon Ngala; Jeremiah J M Nyagah; Justus Kandet Ole Tipis; Taita Arap Towett; Dr Julius Gikonyo Kiano; Fanuel Walter Odede; John Kebaso; Elijah Omalo Agar; David Ituma Kiamba; Peter Mbiu Koinange; Dixon Oruko Makasembo; Joseph Gordon Odero-Jowi; C M G Argwings-Kodhek; James Dennis Akumu; political biography of James Gichuru (research paper no. 4); Oginga Odinga; research paper No. 3; Joseph Murumbi; James Gichuru 1958-63

History and sociology of Mau Mau

F D Corfield was appointed to write an official history of Mau Mau – the files include drafts and papers relating to Corfield’s study.

FCO 141/5887-5889: Historical Survey of the Origins and Growth of Mau Mau (Corfield Report) chapter and appendices; 1950-60

FCO 141/6415-6419, 7217-7219, 6609A: F D Corfield’s enquiry into, Historical Survey of the Origins and Growth of Mau Mau, chapters 1944-60

FCO 141/6574-6565: History of Mau Mau and memoranda from the public submitted to F D Corfield (Government Commissioner); RDF Ryland’s memoranda; appointment of F D Corfield, personal working file, correspondence 1950-60

FCO 141/6575-6578: History of Mau Mau and R D F Ryland’s memoranda 1958-59

FCO 141/6576: appointment of F D Corfield as a Government Commissioner to carry out investigation into origin, methods and growth of Mau Mau movement 1950-60

FCO 141/6579-6582: aims, organisation and plans of Mau Mau; notes on Kenya land questions; political movements and emergence into Mau Mau; notes on sociological causes 1952-59

FCO 141/6586-6593: African press and its reactions to Mau Mau; Kikuyu independent schools, Kenya African schools; evolution of Mau Mau oath, records of trials; internal and external assistance to terrorism; relation between passive wing and terrorist organisation, criminal statistics 1952-58

FCO 141/6744: oathing ceremonies and subversive organisations 1958-61

FCO 141/6752: history of role of Tribal Police, Chiefs and Headmen and Kikuyu Guard in the Emergency Fort Hall District 1952-55

FCO 141/6838: Mau Mau unrest and independent schools 1952-54

**Governance and constitutional**

FCO 141/5912-5918: Commission of Inquiry into the work of African Courts, Rehabilitation Advisory Committee; minutes, African elections, protection of witnesses in Kapenguria case, ex Mau Mau detainee in Kikuyu, Embu and Meru (KEM) body politic 1953-59

FCO 141/6345: proposals for new constitutional arrangements; policy 1957-61

FCO 141/6360: report on the Government’s Eighteen-Point Statement of Policy: achievements and future policy 1952-57

FCO 141/6361: exclusion of a Ghanaian barrister E N P Sowah from Kenya 1935-36

FCO 141/6362: reorganisation of the Central Government 1947-54

FCO 141/6368-76: Legislative Council: proposed amendments to standing orders on introduction of the new Constitution; broadcast reporting of proceedings in Colonial legislatures; African representation; W F Coutts’ report on methods for the selection of African representatives; general elections – policy; proposed Round Table Conference; study of Kenya elections by George Bennett; Legislative Council (Constituency Elected Members) Bill 1959; with report of the Committee on the Extension of the Franchise to Women 1957-63

FCO 141/6394-6395: reorganisation of Provinces and Nairobi Extra-Provincial District; memorandum on the Kenya-Ethiopia boundary 1955-58

FCO 141/6400: general correspondence of the Chief Secretary and Assistant Chief Secretary 1956-59

FCO 141/6401-6403, 6409-6411, 6414: East Africa High Commission: proceedings of East Africa Conference; extension of Central Legislative Assembly; staff recruitment policy and the Salaries Commission; appointments and nominations 1956-60

FCO 141/6432: appointment of Public Executioner 1920-26

FCO 141/6451: minutes and papers of the Reconstruction Committee 1953-54

FCO 141/6457: security of firearms owned by members of the public 1952-54

FCO 141/6685-6687: Organisation of Government Committee, minutes, papers; Governor’s Security Committee meeting on 14 April 1960 1960-61

FCO 141/6695: relations between the Executive and the Council of State 1958-59

FCO 141/6754, 6756, 6759-6762: Deportation (Immigrant British Subjects) Ordinance/Detained and Restricted Person Regulations 1949 1949-60

FCO 141/6805: policy of developing African District Councils/Locational Councils; appointment of African Chairmen and officials 1959-62

FCO 141/6807: formation and minutes of Provincial Advisory Council; minutes Central Province Advisory Council 1953-62

FCO 141/6825, 6827: Constitutional reform; distribution of portfolios; future of the Northern Frontier District 1960-61

FCO 141/6839, 6970-6971, 6974-6975, 6998: preservation of records and archives; protection and disposal of official classified and accountable documents; down-grading and destruction of classified documents; preservation of documents; disposal, security and preservation of classified documents 1959-63

FCO 141/6967: reorganisation of the Governor’s office; communication with Colonial Office and other departments 1959-63

FCO 141/6969: Government of Kenya security instructions 1957-62

FCO 141/6973: briefs on the work of various ministries for Malcolm MacDonald on his appointment as Governor 1962-63

FCO 141/6976-6978, 7154: Regional Boundaries Commission; constitutional petitions; talks on independence constitution 1962-63 FCO 141/6981: promotion and appointments of Permanent Secretaries in Kenya Government 1962-63

FCO 141/6992: Kenya citizenship 1961-63

FCO 141/6994-6995: compensation to government officers thought to be in danger because of service during Mau Mau Emergency; victimisation and threats against Mr J Crampton, 1961-63

FCO 141/7088: Government of Kenya; implementation of the Constitution; petitions 1962-63

FCO 141/7149: Civil Service; report of working party on pensions and overseas aid 1963

FCO 141/7152-7153: appointment of first British High Commissioner in Kenya, Sir Geoffrey de Freitas 1963-64

FCO 141/7153: future British High Commission; offices and residential accommodation 1961-63

FCO 141/7224: Constitution, Colony of Kenya; originals of various Royal Instructions 1906-52

FCO 141/7210: despatches on the Royal Commission Report, 1953-1955, 1957

FCO 141/7156: future of European prisoners in Kenya 1963

**Economic and social**

FCO 141/6249: labour unrest; trade boycotts and strikes 1958-61

FCO 141/6250: unrest in Sudan; mutiny by Southern Sudanese troops and police; Sudan/Turkana boundary disturbances 1955-60

FCO 141/6363: mineral rights in the Kenya Protectorate 1955-56

FCO 141/6396: report of the 1956 Game Policy Committee and anti-poaching operations in Kenya 1956-59

FCO 141/6404: newspaper ‘Taifa Uganda’; Aga Khan’s newspapers 1959-60

FCO 141/6421-6422: report on Asian and European education in Kenya; Kenya African students in the UK 1958 1957-60

FCO 141/6431, 6435: German film expedition to Ethiopia, Kenya and Tanganyika, headed by Paul Hartlmaier; German films 1934-39

FCO 141/6436: Native Welfare in Kenya by A M Champion, late Provincial Commissioner, September 1944

FCO 141/6452: ‘Abyssinian refugees in Kenya 1937; medical aspect of their collection and evacuation’ by Captain R P Cormack, Senior Medical Officer 1937

FCO 141/6465, 6471-6472: Committee on African Advancement; circulated memoranda, minutes, wages policy, assistance to traders; the urban African’ land control in African areas 1952-54

FCO 141/6474: African religious sects in Kenya 1948-50

FCO 141/6613, 6616-6619, 6677: minutes and correspondence of the Sub- Committee of the Council of Ministers on economic conditions of urban Africans; Family Budgets Working Party; Housing Working Party; land consolidation and other schemes for Samia location, Central Nyanza Province 1956-60

FCO 141/6826, 6832; 6836-6837: memorandum on Africans on Arab lands; Coastal Strip; Darods/Isaaks sects’ dispute concerning the death of Mohamed Sheik Ali; The Kenya Coastal Strip; report of the Commissioner, Sir James W Robertson; Kenyan Arab and Muslim affairs; education 1956-61

FCO 141/6841-6842, 7070: Governor’s personal adviser on Arab affairs; future of the Coastal Strip (Kenya Protectorate) 1953-61

FCO 141/6833-6834: tribal disturbances and unrest in the Northern Province; Turkana/Merille relations 1957-62

FCO 141/6898: Fiscal Commission Report on Kenya population census, 1962 1962-32

FCO 141/6906-6908: Rural Wages Committee report; survey of unemployment by A G Dalgleish; report of Fiscal Commission 1956-60

FCO 141/6910-6012: report of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development Mission to Kenya [dummy only]; application in respect of Loan 303-KE; million acre land settlement scheme; Nyeri Electricity Undertaking; report and valuation 1959-63

FCO 141/6985: indigent Europeans; weekly reports on repatriation; lists for compassionate purchase 1962-63

FCO 141/6989-6991: civil aviation, including correspondence with East African Airways 1955-63

FCO 141/7033: Nile waters; Kenya’s water requirements from Lake Victoria drainage area 1959-63

FCO 141/7048: Government Finance Corporation; loans 1949

FCO 141/7150-7151, 7158-7160: Commission for Technical Co-operation in Africa South of the Sahara (CCTA); United Nations and British technical assistance; Colonial Development Corporation; Kenya Land Development and Settlement Scheme; Commonwealth Advisory Group for East Africa; Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO) regional office; 1958-63

FCO 141/7145, 7155: bulk electricity supply from Uganda; Seven Forks and Bujagali Hydroelectric Schemes; generating and distribution of electricity; Electric Power Ordinance 1956-60

FCO 141/7162: pyrethrum industry; amendments to the Pyrethrum Ordinance 1956, 1959-63

External affairs/regional

FCO 141/6346-47: intelligence reports on war between Italy and Ethiopia 1935-38 FCO 141/6420: Afro-Asian Convention on Tibet, New Delhi, April 1960

FCO 141/6423: seminar on East Africa for Foreign Service of the USA at Makerere College, Uganda, June-July 1958 1954-58

FCO 141/6437: visit of members of German and Austrian Alpine Society; Ruwenzori Expedition to Mount Kenya 1937-38

FCO 141/6438: memorandum on Turkana Frontier affairs 1943-44

FCO 141/6458: British Joint Communications Committee (East Africa); minutes of meetings 1953

FCO 141/6691-6696: postal and telegraphic privileges for Consular Corps; British Embassy, Washington DC; Colonial Attaché, periodic report; appointment of Awes Seek Mohammed as first Somali Consul-General in Nairobi; Indian Information Service; Pan African Youth Training Conference, Tunis, 1960 1952-60

FCO 141/6909: visit of Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations, Duncan Sandys, February-March 1963 meetings 1963

FCO 141/6966: correspondence with Secretaries of State, Iain Macleod, Reginald Maudling and Duncan Sandys about visits 1959-63

FCO 141/6983: boycott of South African goods as a means of demonstrating opposition to apartheid 1959-61

FCO 141/6984: immigration, visas and passport services 1962-63

FCO 141/6993: Commonwealth immigration into Britain 1961-63

FCO 141/7000-7001: establishment, organisation, functions and staffing of the External Affairs Branch; intelligence briefings 1960-63

FCO 141/7004-7005: intelligence coverage, Middle East, North, Central Africa; operation of wireless station by foreign consuls 1958-63

FCO 141/7009-7018, 7019-7020: consular representation of France; Germany; India; Israel; Pakistan; Portugal; South Africa; USA; Korea, United Arab Republic, Yugoslavia 1961-63

FCO 141/7066-7069: relations with Uganda; Uganda fortnightly summaries; Uganda independence celebrations; Zanzibar Emergency, security situation, independence celebrations; relations with Burundi 1960-1963

FCO 141/7044-7047: United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA); association with the European Economic Community (EEC); external aid and loans 1957-63

FCO 141/7063, 7065: Imperial Defence College, visits; St John Ambulance 1956-63

FCO 141/7064: All African Peoples Conferences (AAPC) 1958-63

FCO 141/7140-7141: communism; communist offensive against Kenya; World Congress for General Disarmament and Peace, Moscow, July; Kenya students in communist countries 1960-63

FCO 141/7146-7147: consular and diplomatic representation of other countries 1950-63 FCO 141/7170: report of the International Conference on the Administrative Aspects of Public Order, Nairobi 3-12 June 1959

FCO 141/7161: Central Legislative Assembly of the East African Common Services Organisation; election of representatives 1962-63

FCO 141/7180: position arising from French surrender; and Djibouti surrender, evaluation of Somaliland 1940-42

FCO 141/7182: East African Territories relations with the Government of Belgium and the Belgian Congo 1959

FCO 141/7206: Afro-Asian Economic, Writers' Conference; Youth and Womens' Conference, Cairo and Tashkent, 1958-1960

FCO 141/7185-7186: the African National Congress problem in Nyasaland; Uganda national movement 1957-60

FCO 141/7197: visit of Michael Kykkotis, Archbishop Makarios III of Greece, Kyprianos Themis, Bishop of Kyrenia, Polycarpos Stylianou Ioannides of Kyrenia and Papastravos Papa, Agathangelou of Nicosia to Nairobi, 11-16 April 1957

Military and defence

FCO 141/6786, 7085: review of Key Points Index of the Kenya Defence Scheme; appendix XV; draft Kenya Defence Scheme (1959); Key Points Index 1958-62

FCO 141/6787-6790: future RAF facilities in East Africa 1953-63

FCO 141/6982, 7023, 7179: the King's African Rifles; examination and transmission of officers' promotion to UK 1935 & 1959-63

FCO 141/6996-6997, 7007: overflying and clearance of military aircrafts; Kenya Auxiliary Air Unit 1960-63

FCO 141/7021-7022; 7028; 7024, 7034-7043: role and administration of East African Land Forces; East Africa Defence Committee (EADC); defence agreement between Kenya and Ethiopia; defence arrangements after independence; East African defence; Cabinet Committee on Future Kenya Army; East Africa Defence Committee meeting, Nairobi, 18 May and September 1962, 9 May 1962, East Africa Regional Defence Scheme, East Africa Defence Sub-Committee; nuclear bombsites and tests 1958-63

FCO 141/7163: future security and defence requirements 1962

FCO 141/7178: visit of German Warship 'Emden' to East African waters 1935

FCO 141/7177: enquiry generated by Abdulhusein Allidina Dhalla to The Secretary of State for War to re-open his father Mr Allidina Dhalla's case, regarding the circumstances of his father's execution at Mombasa on 6 November 1915, for espionage during the war 1932 Other

FCO 141/6434: stranding of hired transport SS Burma south of Mombasa, 27 December 1943; report 1944

FCO 141/6439: Naval Intelligence returns; British East Africa coast; Ports of Lake Victoria Nyanza 1918-20

FCO 141/6506: allegation against Mr G Fenzi, a Divisional District Officer, improperly selling government barbed wire

FCO 141/6512: European staff for Jewish Detention Camp at Gilgil 1946-47

FCO 141/6513: security vetting of government officers 1956-61

FCO 141/6514: Mr P G Pinto; suspension of detention order and employment as clerk under restriction 1957-58

FCO 141/6550: census of Kikuyu in East Africa 1954

FCO 141/6784: forged document; letter on British policy in Africa 1961

FCO 141/6897: table of precedence 1959-63

FCO 141/6905: Emergency Pensions Ordinance No. 45 of 1955; security of pensions 1963

FCO 141/7008: Kenya Radiation Bill, 1962 1962-63

FCO 141/7086: establishment of a UK Information Office in East Africa 1955-60

FCO 141/7220: films; production and display of subversive propaganda 1933-36