Physical Activity Joint Strategic Needs Assessment

# Table of Contents

| Section | Page | |----------------------------------------------|------| | Introduction | 3 | | **Local context** | | | Southend's residents | 4 | | Projected population profile | 5 | | Projected population growth | 6 | | Population density | 7 | | Related conditions | 8 | | National Child Measurement Programme | 9 | | **Active travel** | 12 | | Air quality | 15 | | Road traffic collisions | 19 | | **Activity guidelines** | 21 | | Pregnant women | 22 | | Early childhood | 23 | | Children | 24 | | Adults, and older people | 25 | | Disabled adults | 26 | | **Activity** | 27 | | Southend's residents | 28 | | National – Inequalities | 32 | | National – Adults | 33 | | National - Children | 39 | | **Barriers and motivators** | 43 | | Southend's research report | 44 | | National - Social and behavioural | 50 | | National - Health and disability | 51 | | **Sports facility provision** | 52 | | Summary | 54 | | Maps showing sports facilities | 55 | | Accessibility | 62 | | Cycling | 68 | | Beaches | 69 | | Green space | 70 | | Woodland areas | 71 | | **Appendix A: Spine charts** | 72 | | **Appendix B: References** | 81 | Introduction

The Physical Activity Joint Strategic Needs Assessment (JSNA) for Southend-on-Sea describes how active our residents are, how their activity impacts on their health, and the factors which affect how likely they are to remain active throughout their lives.

- **Local Context** describes our residents, both who they are and the prevalence of conditions relating to physical activity, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease etc.
- **Active Travel** looks at the additional benefits of people walking or cycling rather than driving, i.e. the potential to improve air quality, and reduce traffic collisions.
- **Activity Guidelines** shows the amount of physical activity recommended by the NHS.
- **Activity** presents the available data on how active people are, including information on inequalities by Sex, Gender, Age, Ethnicity etc.
- **Barriers and Motivators** presents the results of a survey carried out by Southend Borough Council which asked residents what stops them from reaching the recommended levels of activity, and what could be done to make it easier to be more active.
- **Sports Facility Provision** describes the provision of sports facilities around the borough, including information on how accessible they are to people with disabilities, and how close they are to where people live. The Local Context

Key information about Southend and our residents. The local context Southend’s residents

Demographics

Total population: 181,808 Male: 49% Female: 51%

Southend’s residents by life stage Source: ONS mid year population estimate 2017

- Later retirement years (80+)
  - 10,145 (6%)
- Early retirement years (65-79)
  - 24,653 (14%)
- Working age (16-64)
  - 111,887 (62%)
- Children (5-15)
  - 23,784 (13%)
- Early years (0-4)
  - 11,329 (6%)

Source: ONS Population estimates: Persons by single year of age and sex for local authorities in the UK, mid-2017 (App B: 1-2)

Economic activity

- 12% of Southend’s Males are economically Inactive
- 28% of Southend’s Females are economically Inactive

Source: Annual population Survey 2018, via PHE Fingertips (App B: 1-1)

Average Weekly Earnings

- Male: £546
- Female: £312

Source: Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings 2018, via PHE Fingertips (App B: 1-1) Similar to England as a whole, Southend’s population is becoming increasingly elderly. Projections suggest that in 2019, 19.6% of our residents will be aged 65+, this is expected to grow to 25.7% by 2039. In the same period the proportion who are of working age (16-64) is expected to decrease from 61% to 56.9%. The local context Projected population growth, by life stage

The proportion of Southend’s residents who are aged 65+ will increase over the next 20 years Source: ONS 2016 based population projection

Projected count of Southend’s residents at each life stage

| Life stage | 2019 | 2024 (+5 years) | 2039 (+20 years) | Change from 2019 to 2039 | |-----------------------------------|-------|-----------------|------------------|--------------------------| | Later retirement years (80+) | 10,537| 11,646 | 17,998 | +7,461 | | Early retirement years (65-79) | 25,569| 27,499 | 35,587 | +10,019 | | Working age (16-64) | 112,494| 115,341 | 118,749 | +6,255 | | Children (5-15) | 24,657| 25,542 | 25,019 | +362 | | Early years (0-4) | 11,158| 11,060 | 11,349 | +191 | | Total | 184,415| 191,089 | 208,702 | +24,288 |

Projected proportion of Southend’s residents in each life stage

| Life stage | 2019 | 2024 (+5 years) | 2039 (+20 years) | Change from 2019 to 2039 | |-----------------------------------|------|-----------------|------------------|--------------------------| | Later retirement years (80+) | 5.7% | 6.1% | 8.6% | +2.9 percent points | | Early retirement years (65-79) | 13.9%| 14.4% | 17.1% | +3.2 percent points | | Working age (16-64) | 61.0%| 60.4% | 56.9% | -4.1 percent points | | Children (5-15) | 13.4%| 13.4% | 12.0% | -1.4 percent points | | Early years (0-4) | 6.1% | 5.8% | 5.4% | -0.6 percent points |

Source: ONS 2016-based subnational population projections for local authorities and higher administrative areas in England (App B: 1-3) Southend-on-Sea Population Density by Lower Super Output Area

Legend Population density per 100 m

- 0.06 - 0.25
- 0.25 - 0.48
- 0.48 - 0.70
- 0.70 - 1.00
- 1.00 - 1.41

A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards Southend Ward Boundaries: High Water Mark

Description: The population density of Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA) across Southend-on-Sea.

Source: This data came from the Office for National Statistics (ONS) Mid-Year Population Estimates 2016. These have been cross-referenced with each LSOA's area from the Standard Area Measurements (2011) collection published by the Office for National Statistics in 2011 to calculate a population density per 10 by 10 metre squares. The local context Related conditions

**Adults**

- Injuries due to falls, aged 65+ (2017/18)
  - 2301 per 100,000, similar to England (2170)
- Excess weight in adults (2016/17)
  - 58.5%, similar to England (61.3%)
- Coronary Heart Disease (2017/18)
  - 3.18%, similar to England average (3.1%)
- Diabetes –recorded (2017/18)
  - 6.7%, similar to England (6.8%)
- Diabetes- Estimated (diagnosed & undiagnosed) (2015)
  - 8.8%
- Under 75 mortality from colorectal cancer (2015/17)
  - 10 per 100,000, similar to England (12%)
- Hypertension (2017/18)
  - 15.2%, higher than England (13.9%)

**Children**

- Reception (Age 4-5) (2017/18)
  - 22.7%, similar to England (22.4%)
- Year 6 (Age 10-11) (2017/18)
  - 32.5%, similar to England (34.3%)
- Reception (Age 4-5) (2017/18)
  - 8.6% similar to England (9.5%)
- Year 6 (Age 10-11) (2017/18)
  - 18.6%, similar to England (20.1%)

**Prevalence of Overweight (including obesity)**

- Age 0-9 (2015/16)
  - 31.0 per 100,000, similar to England (29.8)
- Age 10-18 (2015/16)
  - 77.9 per 100,000, similar to England (87)
- Age 0-18 (2016/17)
  - 56.3 per 100,000, similar to England (55.1)

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 1-1) (See the spine charts in the Appendix for full detail) Southend-on-Sea Reception Children 2015 to 2017 - Excess weight

Description: The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) measures the height and weight of over one million children each year in Reception (age 4-5 years) in state maintained primary schools in England. This map provides estimated prevalence of excess weight (including obesity) for Southend’s Reception year children in the period 2015-17 split by ward.

Source: National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) Southend-on-Sea Year 6 Children 2015 to 2017 - Excess weight

Description: The National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) measures the height and weight of over one million children each year in Year 6 (age 10-11 years) in state maintained primary schools in England. This map provides estimated prevalence of excess weight (including obese) for Southend’s Year 6 children in the period 2015-17 split by ward.

Source: National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) Active travel

The benefits of encouraging people to walk and cycle. Active travel

“Motorised road transport provides many benefits to society. It offers comfort and convenience to those who use it and has become safer over the years. Britain’s roads are generally less dangerous than those in most other countries and efforts are being made to improve this further.

However, the cost to society of road transport is still high, contributing to immediate and longer-term health hazards and health inequalities. These include:

• increased disease burden due to reduced levels of physical activity • road traffic collisions and injuries • air pollution • noise • reduced social cohesion and increased social isolation for many”

Source: Working Together to Promote Active Travel: A briefing for local authorities (App B: 2-1) Active travel

“For most people, the easiest and most acceptable forms of physical activity are those that can be built into everyday life. Examples include walking or cycling instead of travelling by car, and using stairs instead of lifts. ‘Active travel’ (or active transportation or mobility) means walking or cycling as an alternative to motorised transport (notably cars, motorbikes/mopeds etc.) for the purpose of making everyday journeys.

Transport systems and the wider built environment play a crucial role by either promoting or hindering physical activity. Recent analysis of data from the Active People Survey has shown that people who cycle for travel purposes (i.e. rather than simply for recreation) are four times as likely to meet physical activity guidelines as those who do not”

Source: Working Together to Promote Active Travel: A briefing for local authorities (App B: 2-1)

The 2016/17 Sports England Active Lives survey found that 3% of adults in Southend cycle for travel on at least three days a week. This is similar to the England average.

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 2-2)

The same Sports England survey found that 23.6% of adults in Southend walk for travel on at least three days a week, down from 28.7% in the previous year. This is similar to the England average.

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 2-2) “Policy interventions to reduce a specific source of emissions often generate additional impacts beyond their primary target. For example, traffic calming measures have the potential to generate ‘co-benefits’ in the form of an increase in physical activity.”

Source: Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer 2017, Health Impacts of All Pollution – what do we know? (App B: 2-3)

“Coarse Particle Matter (PM10) increases level of post-neonatal mortality, prevalence of bronchitis and asthma. Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) increases cardiovascular and respiratory hospital admissions and mortality.”

Source: World Health Organisation “Health Risks of Air Pollution In Europe” report (2013) (App B: 2-4) Southend-on-Sea Average estimated levels of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)

Description: Average levels of estimated Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂) recorded within Southend's Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA's).

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) used their Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index and acquired pollution variables using open data from DEFRA's modelled air quality estimates.

Legend:

- Locality Boundaries
- A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

National Deciles (1st is best: 10th is worst)

- 1st Decile
- 2nd
- 3rd
- 4th
- 5th
- 6th
- 7th
- 8th
- 9th
- 10th Decile

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre's (CDRC) Access Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index (App B: 2-5) Southend-on-Sea Average estimated levels of Particle Matter (PM$\_{10}$)

Description: Average levels of estimated Particle Matter (PM$\_{10}$) recorded within Southend's Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA's)

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) used their Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index and acquired pollution variables using open data from DEFRA's modelled air quality estimates.

Legend:

- Locality Boundaries
- A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre's (CDRC) Access Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index (App B: 2-5) Southend-on-Sea Average estimated levels of Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂)

Description: Average levels of estimated Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂) recorded within Southend's Lower Super Output Areas (LSOA's).

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) used their Access to Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index and acquired pollution variables using open data from DEFRA's modelled air quality estimates.

Legend:

- Locality Boundaries
- A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

National Deciles (1st is best: 10th is worst)

- 1st Decile
- 2nd
- 3rd
- 4th
- 5th
- 6th
- 7th
- 8th
- 9th
- 10th Decile

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre's (CDRC) Access Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index (App B: 2-5) Active travel Road Traffic Collisions

The number of reported collisions that occur at different times of day vary dependent on the day of the week (1), (2), (3).

Sunday’s observe a higher number of road traffic collisions during the ‘Early Morning’ hours and Fridays see a higher number of accidents during the ‘Evening’ hours.

Over the past 6 calendar years, the number of road traffic collisions has fallen. There are generally fewer collisions across the January/February and May/June months.

(1) 2018 data was incomplete at the time of production. (2) In November 2015 Essex Police began using the new National CRASH (Collision Reporting And Sharing) system for recording road accidents. A trend in decreasing slight accidents was noted across all Local Authorities. (3) Source: CRASH (Collision Reporting And Sharing) system used (App B: 2-6) Southend-on-Sea Traffic collisions, 2017\*

Legend Severity of collision

- Slight
- Serious
- Fatal

Locality boundaries Ward boundaries A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

Measure: Location of collisions involving injury reported to Essex Police.\*

Time period: 2017

- - In November 2015, Essex Police began using the new National CRASH (Collision Reporting And SHaring) system for recording road accidents. A trend in decreasing slight accidents was noted across all Local Authorities.

Source: CRASH (Collision Reporting And Sharing) system used by Essex Police (App B: 2-6) Activity guidelines

NHS activity guidelines. Activity guidelines Pregnant women

Source: Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity (App B: 3-1) Activity guidelines Early childhood (under 5 years old)

Physical activity for early years (birth – 5 years) Active children are healthy, happy, school ready and sleep better

Every movement counts Aim for at least 3 Hours across everyday

Move more. Sit less. Play together

Source: Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity (App B: 3-1) Activity guidelines Children (5 - 18 years old)

Physical activity for children and young people (5–18 Years)

Be physically active

Aim for at least 60 minutes everyday

Spread activity throughout the day

All activities should make you breathe faster & feel warmer

Include muscle and bone strengthening activities 3 TIMES PER WEEK

Find ways to help all children and young people accumulate at least 60 minutes of physical activity everyday

Source: Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity (App B: 3-1) Activity guidelines Adults and older people

Physical activity benefits for adults and older adults

- **Benefits Health**
- **Improves Sleep**
- **Maintains Healthy Weight**
- **Manages Stress**
- **Improves Quality of Life**

**Type 2 Diabetes** - 40% **Cardiovascular Disease** - 35% **Falls, Depression and Dementia** - 30% **Joint and Back Pain** - 25% **Cancer (Colon and Breast)** - 20%

**What should you do?**

- **Be Active**

  - Vigorous: Run, Walk, Sport
  - Moderate: Cycle, Swim

- **Sit Less**

  - TV, Computer

- **Build Strength**

  - Dumbbells, Yoga

- **Improve Balance**

  - Tai Chi, Bones

**Minutes per Week**

- 75 or 150 minutes of moderate intensity
- A combination of both

**Break up Sitting Time**

- 2 days per week

**Something is better than nothing.** Start small and build up gradually: just 10 minutes at a time provides benefit.

**Make a Start Today:** It’s never too late!

Source: Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity (App B: 3-1) Activity guidelines Disabled adults

Source: Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity (App B: 3-1) Activity

What we know about current exercise levels and participation in sports and physical activities. Activity Southend’s residents

**Adults**

24% of Southend’s adults are **inactive**, with less than 30 minutes moderate intensity activity per week, which is **similar** to the England average. Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 4-1)

78% of Southend’s adults **walk at least once a week**. 11% cycle at least once per month Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 4-1)

63% of Southend’s adults **do meet the Chief Medical Officers recommendations** for physical activity (150+ minutes moderate intensity activity per week), which is **similar** to the England average. Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 4-1)

**Children**

74% of Southend’s 15 year olds had a mean daily **sedentary time in the last week of over 7 hours per day**, which was **worse** than the England average. Source: What about YOUth survey 2014/15, via PHE Fingertips (App B: 4-2)

18% of Southend’s 15 year olds were physically **active for at least one hour per day, seven days per week**, which was **better** than the England average. Source: What about YOUth survey 2014/15, via PHE Fingertips (App B: 4-2) Southend-on-Sea Sport England Active Lives Survey - Estimated Active Twice Per Month

NOTES

Measure: Modelled estimate of Activity rate i.e. percentage of the population participating in sport and physical activity at least twice in the last month.

Source: Sport England Active Lives survey, Nov 2016 - 2017.

Sport England apply statistical modelling techniques to estimate the rate of participation in physical activity within small areas, based on responses to the Active Lives survey. Southend-on-Sea Sport England Active Lives Survey - Estimated Activity

NOTES

Measure: Modelled estimate of Activity rate i.e. percentage of the population doing at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week, excluding gardening.

Source: Sport England Active Lives survey, Nov 2016 - 2017.

Sport England apply statistical modelling techniques to estimate the rate of participation in physical activity within small areas, based on responses to the Active Lives survey. Southend-on-Sea Sport England Active Lives Survey - Estimated Inactivity

NOTES

Measure: Modelled estimate of inactivity rate i.e. percentage of the population doing less than 30 minutes of physical activity a week, excluding gardening.

Source: Sport England Active Lives survey, Nov 2016 - 2017.

Sport England apply statistical modelling techniques to estimate the rate of participation in physical activity within small areas, based on responses to the Active Lives survey.

### Adults - Active for 150+ mins a week

| MOST ACTIVE | LEAST ACTIVE | |-------------|--------------| | **Age** | | | 76% 16-24 years old | 18% 85+ | | **Gender** | | | 65% Male | 60% Female | | **Ethnic group** | 55% South Asian | | 71% Mixed | | | **Health** | | | 67% No disability | 37% 3 or more long term conditions | | **Socio Economic** | 49% Long term unemployed | | 71% Managerial, administrative, professional | | | **Employment status** | 35% Not working, long term sick, or disabled |

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4)

### Children - Active for 60+ mins every day

| MOST ACTIVE | LEAST ACTIVE | |-------------|--------------| | **School Year** | | | 22% Year 5-6 | 14% Year 9-11 | | **Gender** | | | 20% Male | 14% Female | | **Ethnic group** | 27% White Other | | 22% White Other | 14% Black | | **Family Affluence** | 22% High family affluence | | 15% Low family affluence | |

Source: Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-5) Activity National – Adults, by Age

Adult activity levels decline with increasing age

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Activity National – Adults, by Gender

Males are more active than Females

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Activity National – Adults, by Social Economic Classification

Adults 16+ from higher social groups are more active than adults from lower social groups with the exception of Students

| NS SEC 1-2: Managerial, administrative and professional occupations | NS SEC 3: Intermediate occupations | NS SEC 4: Self employed and small employers | NS SEC 5: Lower supervisory and technical occupations | NS SEC 6-7: Semi-routine and routine occupations | NS SEC 8: Long term unemployed or never worked | NS SEC 9: Students and other | |---|---|---|---|---|---|---| | Active (150+ mins a week) | 16% | 22% | 25% | 27% | 31% | 38% | | Fairly Active (30-149 mins a week) | 71% | 63% | 62% | 61% | 56% | 49% | | Inactive (\<30 mins a week) | 12% | 15% | 13% | 12% | 13% | 13% | | 9% | 70% | 21% |

National Statistics Socio Economic Classifications (NS-SEC)

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Activity National – Adults, by Working Status

50% or less of retired, long term sick or disabled adults are active for more than 150 minutes a week

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Activity National – Adults, by Ethnicity

Adult activity levels are highest for mixed and white backgrounds

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Inactivity is twice as common for those with a disability or health condition than those without.

Inactivity levels increase as the number of impairments an individual has increases.

This page refers to: England

Source: Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-4) Children’s daily activity levels above 60 minutes decline between school years 7-8 to 9-11

| School Years | Active (60+ mins every day) | Fairly Active (30-59 mins average a day) | Less Active (Less than average 30 mins a day) | |--------------|-----------------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------| | Year 1-2 (parent) | 17% | 22% | 31% | | Year 3-4 | 17% | 21% | 40% | | Year 5-6 | 22% | 23% | 34% | | Year 7-8 | 20% | 28% | 30% | | Year 9-11 | 14% | 25% | 37% |

Source: Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-5) Activity National – Children, by Gender

Boys daily activity levels above 60 minutes are greater than Girls

Source: Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-5) The family affluence scale provides an indication of the socio-economic profile of children and young people’s families. The scale is derived from a series of questions about their home and family such as car ownership, computers, and foreign holidays.

Source: Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-5) Children’s activity levels are higher amongst mixed and white backgrounds.

| Ethnic Group | Less Active | Fairly Active | Active | Active (60+ mins every day) | |--------------------|-------------|---------------|--------|-----------------------------| | Mixed | 19% | 26% | 32% | 14% | | White Other | 19% | 27% | 31% | 19% | | White British | 18% | 27% | 31% | 19% | | Other | 15% | 20% | 43% | 15% | | Asian | 15% | 23% | 37% | 14% | | Black | 14% | 21% | 41% | 14% |

Source: Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities (App B: 4-5) Barriers and Motivators

What do we know about the reasons that people don’t meet recommended activity levels, and how can that be improved? Respondents who did less than the recommended 150 minutes of moderate activity a week were asked what were the main barriers preventing them from exercising, and what would motivate them to be more active. In each case, they chose up to three options from a list.

The top rated answer in both categories concerns time constraints. 42% of respondents said that lack of time was one of the main barriers, 39% said that they would do more exercise if they had more free time.

**Top Barriers**

- Lack of time: 42%
- Do not have the motivation to take part: 22%
- Health issues / disability: 21%
- Family commitments: 20%
- Do not have enough money: 17%
- Lack of confidence: 13%
- Lack of local facilities: 13%
- Lack of childcare: 13%
- Don't feel I'm fit enough to be physically active: 12%
- No-one to exercise with: 12%

**Top Motivators**

- Having more free time: 39%
- Cheaper opportunities to do sport / physical activity: 32%
- Having someone to do it with: 17%
- Sessions / classes at suitable time: 14%
- Sessions / activities available in the local community: 14%
- Beginner only classes / sessions: 14%
- Being less stressed: 14%
- Informal taster sessions of sports and activities: 12%
- Having fun and socialising with others: 12%
- Tuition from coach or instructor to improve: 10%
- Availability of family based sports and activities: 10%

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators

Time pressures

Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018)

Many people feel they don’t have enough time to exercise, or can’t find activities at suitable times

Almost 1 in 2 people (42%) said that not having time was the reason for not doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“I know quite a lot of people who don’t do 30 minutes and I suppose for them they have other commitments. I’ve got quite a few friends who have young families. They don’t have enough time to do it. They spend time with their other halves, their kids.”

Interview participant, Male, Under 35 no children

“Time. My daughter is a practice nurse. They have taken on 2,800 patients from another clinic. She doesn’t get out of there until 7 o’clock at night. She’s got to come home, cook. My son in law works 18 hours a day. He does nights, he’s a printer. They don’t have the opportunity. There’s a lot of people like that. They have just got to earn money. Most families need two incomes coming in.”

Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

“Sometimes you see something and think ‘I wouldn’t mind doing that’ but it’s not at the time when you can do it. Some people can’t do activities until the evening if they’re working.”

Focus group participant, Female, Empty Nester

People would exercise more if they could find activities at suitable times

1 in 7 people (14%) said that if sessions and classes were at suitable times then it would be easier for them to do the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“Have more classes at different times of the day. I find that the majority for mums are through the week, there’s nothing at the weekends or evenings. I think you need to have a better balance.”

Focus group participant, Female, Parent

“I would probably run more free clubs in the school holidays. Once we see our children doing it, we are more likely to join in. We’ve got to think about the next generation. Children need to know that exercise needs to be part of their routine.”

Interview participant, Female, Parent

Classes. We have so many halls around and it would be lovely if we had a few classes in the evenings, in selected locations. I think that would really encourage women with children to get away from their husbands for an hour in the evening.

Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators Motivation and Confidence

Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018)

Some people lack the confidence or motivation to start exercising, or feel daunted by gyms

1 in 5 people (22%) said that no motivation to take part was the reason for not doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week.

Going to a gym for most people is quite a daunting experience. Focus group participant, Female, Parent

Being bullied through school, it was traumatising. You don’t want to be put through that again in adult life if you hated P.E. at school. Focus group participant, Female, Parent

I find it difficult joining anything on my own, I’m not very forward at going to places. Focus group participant, Female, Empty Nester

A lot of the gyms, like the ones my grandsons go to, I wouldn’t dream of going to because it’s a young crowd and it’s embarrassing if you are a big person like me. Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

When some people have had their confidence knocked, they find it difficult to find the confidence to go out and find a new group and start afresh with something. Professional interview

There are steps that could be taken to make activities more accessible, and boost peoples confidence

1 in 6 people (17%) said that if they had someone to go with then it would be easier for them do the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week.

People need an incentive. Not cash, but maybe if you go to five gym classes you’ll get a discount or vouchers for gym wear. I know I’d do that. Focus group participant, Female, Under 35 no children

Maybe introduce more male and female only swims. I know a lot of women aren’t very confident. Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

There should be free taster sessions in the local gyms, which as far as I know they don’t do at the moment. People might go, find out they enjoy it and carry on with it. I don’t think they do anything like that at the moment. Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

I like the idea of beginner sessions. I think everything should be for beginners because that’s what makes it accessible. Professional interview

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators Health and disability

Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018)

Health issues and/or disabilities can prevent people from taking exercise

1 in 5 people (21%) said that health issues and/or a disability not having time was the reason for not doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“I don’t mind saying I’ve got a few health conditions and I used to be quite physically active when I was at Uni, but lately with my health I haven’t been able to.” Focus group participant, Male, Under 35 no children

I don’t do a lot of exercise because I’ve got a lot of back problems, arthritis and diabetes. I’ve been told I need to lose about two stone because of liver disease, so I need it [physical activity]. Focus group participant, Male, Empty Nester

“People with disabilities say they have this issue or that issue and that they can’t exercise. You then wish that you had a physio on site to show them what they can do.” Professional interview

“We do always come up against people who assume they can’t do anything for one reason or another, usually because they have something wrong with them like sore knees or arthritis in their joints. There’s usually something they can be doing if we think outside of the box.” Professional interview

Health issues can sometimes motivate people to Become more active

1 in 7 people (14%) said that if they were less stressed then it would be easier for them to do the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“The biggest motivator seems to be for people who have just come from the doctor having had a diagnosis of diabetes or something like that or they need an operation and they have been given a deadline to lose some weight. Then suddenly we might see a surge of motivation.” Professional interview

“There’s people lately I know that have had a heart problem and they hadn’t thought that it would happen to them. Then they’ve made real radical changes. If that had been done before and if they were a bit more aware of the damage that was being done, different decisions would have been made earlier on.” Professional interview

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators Economic

Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018)

High costs are deterring people from taking part in physical activity

1 in 6 people (17%) said that not having enough money was the reason for not doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week.

“I would like to go to the gym and do classes, but I don’t want to have to have the gym membership. I would go if I didn’t have to commit to a year or six months because of the travel for me.” Interview participant, Female, Under 35 with no children

“I work in quite a deprived area where parents just can’t afford to take their kids swimming.” Focus group participant, Female, Parent

“It’s no wonder that people don’t do it if they’ve got a couple of kids – to take a family swimming it can cost over £20 just for an hour.” Focus group participant, Female, Parent

“Even places that do a concession for over 60’s, it’s still expensive.” Focus group participant, Male, Empty Nester

“For people on low incomes it is very difficult for people to find money to do things like keeping fit.” Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

“I’m on a pension, so the cost of places like gyms and that to me are too much.” Focus group participant, Female, Empty Nester

Cheaper, or subsidised, activities would enable more people to take part

1 in 3 people (32%) said that if there were more cheaper opportunities to do sport / physical activity then it would be easier for them to do the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week.

“Making things so they are not subscription only and are more pay as you go.” Interview participant, Male, Under 35 with no children

“There are a couple of cheap and subsidised running clubs. I think they’re a good idea but there’s not enough of them.” Focus group participant, Female, Under 35 no children

“Active Women is good because they’re cheap or subsidised. They run classes in sports halls.” Focus group participant, Female, Under 35 no children

“Cost could be a problem for some people. Some of the big gyms are very expensive to be a member. Maybe there could be some sort of concessions for people who can’t afford much money each month?” Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

“Couldn’t there be a tie with the schools and the Council to allow their gyms and facilities to be used? They’re sitting there at night doing nothing.” Focus group participant, Male, Empty Nester

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators Local facilities

Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018)

Some people can’t find facilities local to them, or aren’t aware of what’s available

1 in 8 people (13%) said that the lack of facilities near where they live was the reason for not doing the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“Accessibility is an issue. I have a car now, but when I didn’t drive it would take me two separate buses to get to Garon’s. It’s a shame that the central pool has gone. It’s really awkward to get to for people.” Focus group participant, Female, Parent

“I don’t have a car, which is why it’s important to have certain types of things in different areas so you can actually do it. The transport system in Southend is pretty bad, though.” Focus group participant, Male, Empty Nester

“I’m 71 and apart from what the Doctor is telling me, I’d like to know what else there is for me to do that can go with what’s wrong with me.” Focus group participant, Male, Empty Nester

“There’s not a lot of activities widely advertised here. It’s things you really have to look into yourself. If you are not computer savvy, it’s more difficult to find things to do. There’s a lack of advertising of opportunities in Southend.” Interview participant, Female, Empty Nester

Steps could be taken to improve awareness of local Facilities and activities

1 in 7 people (14%) said that if there were sessions or activities in their local community then it would be easier for them to do the recommended 150 minutes of moderate intensity Physical Activity in a typical week

“There needs to be a directory with every activity and class in Southend and their contact details, so you can find something that you like, almost like looking for a job.” Focus group participant, Male, Under 35 no children

“You’ll know if there’s a car crash down the road because it will be on [Facebook] pages like ‘Your Southend’, but you don’t often see them advertising exercise. I think you’d reach quite a lot of people that way.” Focus group participant, Female, Under 35 no children

“Make sure it is very accessible, like local. We’ve got a couple of hotspots in Southend, what we call our ‘deprived wards’. They need things near, in their community. It needs to be accessible and visible so people try it.” Professional interview

“We have something called SHIP, which is the Southend Help and Information Portal. It doesn’t always do a fantastic job, but it exists. It’s one of those things that I’m really keen for people to invest in. We can make it better.” Professional interview

Source: Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) (App B: 5-7) Barriers and motivators Social and Behavioural - National

More than 40% of women and 35% of men spend more than six hours a day desk-bound or sitting still (1)

According to Ofcom the average UK adult spends 1,779 minutes – almost 30 hours – a week watching TV. This is equivalent to 64 days a year (2)

39% of trips to school in England by young people aged 11-16 are made on foot or bicycle (4)

Initially rising steadily across all age groups, a steep increase occurs between ages 11-12 and 13-15 for both boys and girls.

Boys are more sedentary than girls up to ages 11-12. Between age 13-15 the trend reverses considerably (3)

Moving house was cited as the biggest life event which had negatively impacted sport participation between two annual survey interviews (5)

(1) Source: Everybody active every day – an evidence based approach; Public Health England (Oct 2014) (App B: 5-1) (2) Source: Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour 2017; British Heart Foundation (Mar 2017) (App B: 5-2) (3) Source: Health Survey for England 2015, NHS Digital (Dec 2016) (App B: 5-3) (4) Source: Key Data on Young People 2017, Association for Young Peoples Health(2017) (App B: 5-4) (5) Source: “Taking Part, Focus on Understanding Changes in Sport Participation 2014/15”; Sport England (Nov 2015) (App B: 5-5) Barriers and motivators Health and Disability - National

For those whose illness or health condition limits them a lot, cost and transport issues are the main factors cited for affecting participation or attendance of culture or sporting activities.

- Too expensive: 25.7%
- Transport issues/lack of disabled parking: 23.8%
- Lack of disability awareness/not feeling welcome: 14.0%
- Lack of support or companionship: 13.2%
- Lack of facilities at events: 12.9%
- Timing of events (e.g. late night events): 12.5%
- Lack of information about facilities: 10.6%
- Lack of adequate equipment for disabled people: 9.8%
- Lack of information in accessible format: 6.3%
- None of these: 32.7%

Source: “Taking Part, Focus on Barriers to Participation - Disability”; Department for Culture Media & Sport (Nov 2015) (App B: 5-6) Sports Facility Provision

Information concerning the sports facilities in Southend. This section shows the sports facilities listed in the Sport England Active Places report, which we have grouped into seven categories:

- Swimming pools
- Athletics tracks
- Courts for racquet sports, which includes tennis, squash, and badminton
- Courts for non-racquet sports, which includes basketball, volleyball, and netball
- Pitches, which includes 5 a side, grass pitches, cricket nets
- Golf courses and driving ranges
- Gyms, fitness suites and studios

**School Facilities** Some schools in our borough offer limited public access to their sports facilities, e.g. access to a swimming pool outside of school hours. Schools which offer some public access are shown on the following maps in blue.

**Free vs. Pay Facilities** The Sport England report lists very little in the way of free access to sports facilities, but this needs some context – e.g. many pitches are available for free use at certain times, whilst being booked out for a fee to clubs at other times. Provision Summary of facilities in Southend

Sports facilities open to the public, and those schools offering some public access

14 Gyms, studios and fitness suites. 91% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

8 swimming pools 66% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

2 athletics tracks 28% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

36 pitches All of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

3 Golf courses or driving ranges 40% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

12 sites offering courts for non-racquet sports (e.g. volleyball, netball) 80% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

12 sites offering courts for racquet sports (e.g. tennis) 99% of our residents live within 1 mile of one of these facilities

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1) 66% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a swimming pool ... if we include those schools which offer limited public access 40% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a golf course or driving range. 28% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of an athletics track... if we include those schools which offer limited public access. 91% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a gym or fitness suite ... if we include those schools which offer limited public access 100% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a sports pitch ... if we include those schools which offer limited public access 80% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a volleyball, basketball or netball court... if we include those schools which offer limited public access. 99% of our residents live within 1 mile (approx. 20 minutes walk) of a tennis, squash, or badminton court... if we include those schools which offer limited public access.

## Provision

### Sports facility accessibility – Summary

| Area type | Area name | Athletics tracks | Golf | Gyms | Courts: non-racquet sports | Pitches | Courts: racquet sports | Swimming pools | |-----------|-----------------|------------------|------|------|-----------------------------|---------|------------------------|----------------| | Borough | Southend-on-Sea | 28% | 40% | 91% | 80% | 100% | 99% | 66% |

- Less than 50%
- Between 50% and 75%
- Greater than 75%

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1)

## Provision

### Sports facility accessibility – by Locality

| Area type | Area name | Athletics tracks | Golf | Gyms | Courts: non-racquet sports | Pitches | Courts: racquet sports | Swimming pools | |-----------|---------------|------------------|------|------|----------------------------|---------|------------------------|---------------| | Locality | East | 18% | 59% | 97% | 97% | 100% | 97% | 92% | | Locality | East Central | 47% | 47% | 100% | 63% | 100% | 100% | 70% | | Locality | West | 32% | 65% | 64% | 90% | 100% | 100% | 84% | | Locality | West Central | 23% | 10% | 98% | 74% | 100% | 100% | 36% |

Less than 50% Between 50% and 75% Greater than 75%

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1)

## Provision

### Sports facility accessibility – by Ward

Percentage of the residents of the stated area who are within 1 mile of each type of facility

| Area type | Area name | Athletics tracks | Golf | Gyms | Courts: non-racquet sports | Pitches | Courts: racquet sports | Swimming pools | |-----------|-----------------|------------------|------|------|----------------------------|---------|------------------------|---------------| | Ward | Belfairs | 65% | 100% | 72% | 90% | 100% | 100% | 87% | | Ward | Blenheim Park | 66% | 56% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 97% | | Ward | Chalkwell | 0% | 0% | 92% | 76% | 100% | 100% | 3% | | Ward | Eastwood Park | 68% | 43% | 65% | 68% | 100% | 100% | 68% | | Ward | Kursaal | 29% | 29% | 100% | 64% | 100% | 100% | 80% | | Ward | Leigh | 0% | 27% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 82% | | Ward | Milton | 0% | 0% | 100% | 6% | 100% | 100% | 0% | | Ward | Prittlewell | 35% | 0% | 100% | 92% | 100% | 100% | 38% | | Ward | Shoeburyness | 0% | 0% | 90% | 90% | 100% | 90% | 90% | | Ward | Southchurch | 69% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | | Ward | St Laurence | 38% | 3% | 93% | 72% | 100% | 100% | 81% | | Ward | St. Luke's | 94% | 94% | 100% | 94% | 100% | 100% | 94% | | Ward | Thorpe | 4% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 77% | | Ward | Victoria | 19% | 19% | 100% | 33% | 100% | 100% | 35% | | Ward | West Leigh | 0% | 93% | 14% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | | Ward | West Shoebury | 0% | 52% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | | Ward | Westborough | 0% | 0% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 100% | 3% |

Less than 50% Between 50% and 75% Greater than 75%

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1)

### Provision

**Sports facility accessibility – for ABSS wards**

| Area type | Area name | Athletics tracks | Golf | Gyms | Courts: non-racquet sports | Pitches | Courts: racquet sports | Swimming pools | |-----------|-----------------|------------------|------|------|-----------------------------|---------|------------------------|----------------| | ABSS | ABSS wards | 8% | 16% | 98% | 65% | 100% | 98% | 51% | | ABSS | Non-ABSS wards | 41% | 55% | 86% | 90% | 100% | 100% | 75% |

Less than 50% Between 50% and 75% Greater than 75%

A Better Start Southend (ABSS) is part of the National Lottery funded A Better Start programme, which aims to improve the life chances of babies and very young children by delivering a significant increase in the use of preventative approaches in pregnancy and the first three years of life.

ABSS is operating in the following wards: Kursaal, Milton, Shoeburyness, Victoria, West Shoebury, and Westborough.

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1)

## Provision

### Sports facility accessibility – by Deprivation

| Area type | Area name | Athletics tracks | Golf | Gyms | Courts: non-racquet sports | Pitches | Courts: racquet sports | Swimming pools | |--------------------|----------------------------------|------------------|------|------|----------------------------|---------|------------------------|---------------| | Deprivation_Category | IMD Deprivation decile 1 to 3 | 30% | 32% | 99% | 64% | 100% | 100% | 59% | | Deprivation_Category | IMD Deprivation decile 4 plus | 28% | 46% | 86% | 91% | 100% | 99% | 70% |

Less than 50% Between 50% and 75% Greater than 75%

Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), from the English Indices of Deprivation 2015. IMD decile 1 is the most deprived 10% of small areas in England.

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1) The table below shows a breakdown of the number of different disability access features for all of the boroughs Sports facilities. Comparisons can be made with the total number of facilities for each Sport type.

| Sports Facility Type | Total | Disabled Parking | Disabled Find Reach Entrance | Disabled Reception | Disabled Doorways | Disabled Changing | Disabled Activity Areas | Disabled Toilets | Disabled Social Areas | Disabled Spectator Areas | Disabled Emergency Exits | |-------------------------------|-------|------------------|-------------------------------|-------------------|------------------|-------------------|------------------------|----------------|----------------------|------------------------|------------------------| | Swimming Pools | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 3 | 4 | 8 | 8 | | Courts Racquet Sports | 26 | 20 | 22 | 17 | 22 | 14 | 26 | 20 | 9 | 5 | 22 | | Courts Non Racquet Sports | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 11 | 12 | 12 | 5 | 3 | 12 | 12 | | Pitches | 36 | 27 | 33 | 21 | 33 | 16 | 36 | 24 | 14 | 10 | 34 | | Athletic Tracks | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | | Gyms, Studios and Suites | 14 | 11 | 14 | 14 | 13 | 14 | 14 | 9 | 7 | 14 | 14 | | Golf Course and Driving Ranges| 3 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 |

Source: Sport England Active Places facility data, 10th January 2019 (App B: 6-1) Provision Cycling

Cycle Southend Cycle Southend’s vision is for the bike to become part of everyone’s daily routine, with more and more people choosing to cycle both recreationally and as a preferable mode of travel, with more parents allowing their children to cycle to and from school and transforming Southend into a place where pedestrians, vehicles and bikes can happily co-exist in a ‘shared-space’.1 Source: Cycle Southend (App B: 6-2)

Cycle Southend’s website also offers activities, maps and help to bike users that visit Southend and their most recent leaflet (that shows the above) is located here: cycle-southend-map

Bikeability Southend Borough Council runs a local cycling initiative called “Bikeability”, which is made up of several modules that are targeted at different age groups. These are: • Balance: Aimed at Pre-school children, these sessions support children’s basic balance and co-ordination skills. • Learn to Ride: For Reception/Year one children, these sessions support children that are unable to ride a bike. • Fix: These sessions for year 5/6 children teach basic maintenance and how to tell if a bike is roadworthy. • Transition: Aimed at children moving between primary and secondary school, this session teaches route planning skills and how to make their cycle ride to school safer. • Ride: Aimed at year 6 and above, these sessions help children discover their local area using low traffic/traffic free routes. • Level 1: Teaches new learners to control their bikes in a space away from traffic and skills including safe starts, safe stops and signalling are learnt. • Level 2: Takes place in local streets and teaches students how to deal with traffic on short journeys. • Level 3: Equips trainees with the ability to navigate more challenging roads and situations such as busier streets, queueing traffic and complex junctions/roundabouts.

Level 2 Bikeability training has been the most popular cycling scheme for the past 3 years

| Year | Level 1 (3337) | Level 2 (4443) | Level 3 (189) | |------------|----------------|----------------|---------------| | 2014-15 | 50 | 10 | 3 | | 2015-16 | 333 | 391 | 194 | | 2016-17 | 194 | 75 | 3 | | 2017-18 | 812 | 812 | 631 | | 2018-19\* | 1340 | 981 | 1309 |

- 2018-19 data was last updated in January 2019 Provision Beaches - The Seaside Awards and Blue Flag Status

The Seaside Award

The Seaside Award is presented around England to beaches that “ensures visitors are guaranteed to find a clean, safe, attractive and well-managed coastal stretch”. Source: The Seaside Awards (App B: 6-3)

There are 7 beaches that have been presented with the Seaside Award in Southend:

- Bell Wharf Beach
- Three Shells Beach
- Thorpe Bay
- East Beach, Shoeburyness

All 7 beaches have the following amenities:

- Toilets
- Disabled access to the sand/sea and disabled parking
- Transport routes including nearby train stations, free parking, bus or cycle routes
- Bicycle racks
- Activities including Café/Restaurants, deckchair hire, Sailing and Dog exercising areas
- Are Family Friendly and offer Dog restricted areas and have Lost Child Centres located on site

5 out of the 7 Seaside Awarded beaches have First Aid located on site.

Blue Flag Beaches

A Beach is awarded a Blue Flag when “a series of stringent environmental, educational, safety and accessibility criteria must be met and maintained”. Source: Blue Flag Awards (App B: 6-4)

There are 3 beaches in Southend that have been awarded the Blue Flag Beach status:

- Thorpe Bay
- Shoebury Common Beach
- East Beach, Shoeburyness

All 3 beaches are listed as having Kiosks and as being “Disabled friendly”.

The Seaside Award and Blue Flag Award Logos have been taken from their websites Southend-on-Sea Access to green space

Legend Function of green space

- Play Space (46)
- Public Park Or Garden (14)
- Playing Field (13)
- Tennis Court (20)
- Golf Course (5)
- Bowling Green (13)
- Other Sports Facility (24)
- Allotments Or Community Growing Spaces (16)
- Religious Grounds (31)
- Cemetery (4)
- Locality boundaries
- Ward boundaries
- A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

Description: Regions of green space and the primary function of the area. Source: CDRC 2017 OS Open Greenspace Geodata Pack by the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre; Contains OS data

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre’s (CDRC) 2017 Open Greenspace Geodata Pack by the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre (App B: 6-5) Southend-on-Sea Access to Woodland areas

Legend

- Woodland
- Locality boundaries
- Ward boundaries
- A Better Start Southend (ABSS) Wards

Description: Map of designated woodland

Source: CDRC 2015 OS Geodata Pack by the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre; Contains Ordnance Survey data

Source: Consumer Data Research Centre’s (CDRC) 2017 Open Greenspace Geodata Pack by the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre (App B: 6-5) Appendix A

Spine charts with supporting information How to interpret Spine Charts

- The range of values is represented by the outer edges of the light grey areas. The smallest or worst value is the furthest left, and the largest or best value is the furthest right.

- The interquartile range is represented by the dark grey area. The left edge of it is the 25th percentile, where 25% of local values are worse/lower than this value. The right edge is the 75th percentile, where 25% of local values are better/higher than this value.

- The polarity of the indicator can determine whether the left hand side is the lowest or highest value. It is common to present a set of indicators so that worse values are on the left of the benchmark, and better values are on the right regardless of the value itself (for example, a high mortality rate is bad so can be presented on the left hand side). When high/low values are neither good or bad, the high value is displayed to the right of the comparator.

- The significance of the area specific value compared to the benchmark can be represented by the colour of the circle displaying the value for the area. These colours can indicate whether the value is significantly better, worse, higher, lower or not significantly different from the benchmark.

| Indicator | Sex | Age | Period | SouthendonSea | Neighbour Average | National Context | |-----------|-----|-----|--------|---------------|------------------|-----------------| | Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise health reasons | Persons | 16+ yrs | May 2015 - Feb 2016 | 15 | Cannot be calculated | 19 | 18 | 5 | 37 | | Percentage with long-term illness, disability or medical condition diagnosed by a doctor | Persons | 15 yrs | 2014/15 | 12 | Cannot be calculated | 15 | 14 | 10 | 9 | | Percentage with 3 or more risky behaviours | Persons | 15 yrs | 2014/15 | 20 | Cannot be calculated | 18 | 16 | 24 | 3 | | Percentage of population aged 65+ | Persons | 65+ yrs | 2017 | 19 | Cannot be calculated | 19 | 18 | 29 | 29 | | Percentage ethnic minorities | Female | 16+ yrs | 2016 | 8 | Cannot be calculated | 7 | 14 | 66 | 66 | | Access to woodland | Persons | All ages | 2015 | 6 | Cannot be calculated | 23 | 17 | 0 | 62 |

- Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise health reasons by people aged 16+ is statistically similar to the England value (the circle is amber).

- The percentage of 15 year olds with long-term illness, disability or medical condition diagnosed by a doctor is significantly better than the England average (the circle is green).

- The percentage of 15 year olds with 3 or more risky behaviours is significantly worse than the England value (the circle is red).

- The percentage of the population aged 65+ is significantly higher than the England value (the circle is light blue).

- The percentage of ethnic minority females aged 16+ is significantly lower than the England value (the circle is dark blue).

- Access to woodland by people of all ages is not compared to England (the circle is white). | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|--------------|-----------|--------------------|--------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | 1. Percentage of physically active adults - historical method | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2015 | - | 56 | Cannot be calculated | | 2. Percentage of physically inactive adults - historical method | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2015 | - | 29 | Cannot be calculated | | 3. Percentage of 15 year olds with a mean daily sedentary time in the last week over 7 hours per day | Persons | 15 yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 74 | Cannot be calculated | | 4. Percentage of 15 year olds physically active for at least one hour per day seven days a week | Persons | 15 yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 18 | Cannot be calculated | | 5. Percentage of adults doing 30-149 minutes physical activity per week - historical method | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2015 | - | 14 | Cannot be calculated | | 6. Percentage of adults who do any walking, at least once per week | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 78 | Cannot be calculated | | 7. Percentage of adults who do any walking, at least five times per week | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 49 | Cannot be calculated | | 8. Percentage of adults who do any cycling, at least three times per week | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 4 | Cannot be calculated | | 9. Percentage of adults who do any cycling, at least once per month | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2014/15| - | 11 | Cannot be calculated | | 10. Sports club membership: % of population aged 16+ | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2015/16| - | 22 | Cannot be calculated | | 11. Percentage of physically active adults - current method | Persons | 19+ yrs | % | 2016/17| - | 63 | Cannot be calculated | | 12. Percentage of physically inactive adults - current method | Persons | 19+ yrs | % | 2016/17| - | 24 | Cannot be calculated | | 13. Percentage of adults walking for travel at least three days per week | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2016/17| - | 24 | Cannot be calculated | | 14. Percentage of adults cycling for travel at least three days per week | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2016/17| - | 3 | Cannot be calculated |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|--------------------|----------------------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | 1. Utilisation of outdoor space for exercise/health reasons | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | Mar 2015 - Feb 2016 | Cannot be calculated | 19 | 18 | 5 | 37 | | 2. Supporting information - Deprivation score (IMD 2015) | Persons | All ages | 0.0 | 2015 | Cannot be calculated | 24 | 22 | 42 | 6 | | 3. Access to woodland | Persons | All ages | % | 2015 | Cannot be calculated | 23 | 17 | 0 | 62 | | 4. Air pollution: fine particulate matter | Not applicable | Not applicable | µg/m3 | 2016 | Cannot be calculated | 9 | 9 | 12 | 6 | | 5. Access to Healthy Assets & Hazards Index | Persons | All ages | % | 2016 | Cannot be calculated | 12 | 21 | 100 | 0 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |-----------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------|--------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | 1 Percentage of population under 18 | Female | \<18 yrs | % | 2017 | 19159 | Cannot be calculated | 20 21 29 | | 2 Percentage of population under 18 | Male | \<18 yrs | % | 2017 | 19956 | Cannot be calculated | 22 22 31 | | 3 Percentage of population under 18 | Persons | \<18 yrs | % | 2017 | 39115 | Cannot be calculated | 21 21 30 | | 4 Percentage of population aged 65+ | Female | 65+ yrs | % | 2017 | 19272 | Cannot be calculated | 21 19 30 | | 5 Percentage of population aged 65+ | Male | 65+ yrs | % | 2017 | 15526 | Cannot be calculated | 18 17 27 | | 6 Percentage of population aged 65+ | Persons | 65+ yrs | % | 2017 | 34798 | Cannot be calculated | 19 18 29 | | 7 Percentage ethnic minorities | Female | 16+ yrs | % | 2016 | 6200 | Cannot be calculated | 7 14 66 | | 8 Percentage ethnic minorities | Male | 16+ yrs | % | 2016 | 4500 | Cannot be calculated | 7 13 63 | | 9 Percentage ethnic minorities | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2016 | 10700 | Cannot be calculated | 7 14 64 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |-----------|-----|-----|-------------------|--------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | | | | | | Count | Value | Trend | Value | Value | Worst/lowest | Range | Best/highest | | 1 Economic inactivity rate | Female | 16-64 yrs | % | 2016/17 | 15600 | 28 | Cannot be calculated | 27 | 27 | 41 | 12 | 12 | | 2 Economic inactivity rate | Male | 16-64 yrs | % | 2016/17 | 6500 | 12 | Cannot be calculated | 17 | 16 | 31 | 8 | 8 | | 3 Economic inactivity rate | Persons | 16-64 yrs | % | 2016/17 | 22100 | 20 | Decreasing and getting better | 22 | 22 | 34 | 13 | 13 | | 4 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Female | 16-64 yrs | % | 2018 | 3060 | 5 | Decreasing and getting better | 7 | 5 | 11 | 1 | 1 | | 5 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Male | 16-64 yrs | % | 2018 | 3300 | 6 | Decreasing and getting better | 7 | 6 | 13 | 2 | 2 | | 6 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 16-64 yrs | % | 2018 | 6370 | 6 | Decreasing and getting better | 7 | 5 | 12 | 1 | 1 | | 7 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 18-24 yrs | % | 2018 | 350 | 3 | Decreasing and getting better | 4 | 3 | 6 | 1 | 1 | | 8 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 25-34 yrs | % | 2018 | 910 | 4 | Decreasing and getting better | 5 | 4 | 9 | 1 | 1 | | 9 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 35-44 yrs | % | 2018 | 1140 | 5 | Decreasing and getting better | 6 | 5 | 12 | 2 | 2 | | 10 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 45-49 yrs | % | 2018 | 890 | 7 | Decreasing and getting better | 8 | 6 | 15 | 2 | 2 | | 11 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 50-54 yrs | % | 2018 | 1050 | 8 | Decreasing and getting better | 9 | 8 | 17 | 2 | 2 | | 12 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 55-59 yrs | % | 2018 | 1050 | 9 | Decreasing and getting better | 10 | 9 | 21 | 3 | 3 | | 13 Employment and Support Allowance claimants | Persons | 60-64 yrs | % | 2018 | 980 | 10 | Increasing and getting worse | 12 | 10 | 23 | 4 | 4 | | 14 Average weekly earnings | Female | 16+ yrs | £ | 2017 | - | 312 | Cannot be calculated | 343 | 352 | 279 | 663 | 663 | | 15 Average weekly earnings | Male | 16+ yrs | £ | 2017 | - | 546 | Cannot be calculated | 498 | 523 | 382 | 883 | 883 | | 16 Average weekly earnings | Persons | 16+ yrs | £ | 2017 | - | 436 | Cannot be calculated | 422 | 440 | 332 | 751 | 751 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------|---------|--------------------|------------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | 1 Healthy life expectancy at birth | Female | All ages| Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 62 | | | | | | | 63 | 64 | 53 | | 2 Healthy life expectancy at birth | Male | All ages| Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 61 | | | | | | | 61 | 63 | 55 | | 3 Life expectancy at birth | Female | All ages| Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 82 | | | | | | | 82 | 83 | 80 | | 4 Life expectancy at birth | Male | All ages| Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 79 | | | | | | | 79 | 80 | 74 | | 5 Life expectancy at 65 | Female | 65 | Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 21 | | | | | | | 21 | 21 | 19 | | 6 Life expectancy at 65 | Male | 65 | Years | 2015 - 17 | - | Cannot be calculated | 18 | | | | | | | 18 | 19 | 16 | | 7 Percentage with a long-term illness, disability or medical condition diagnosed by a doctor | Persons | 15 yrs | % | 2014/15 | - | Cannot be calculated | 15 | | | | | | | 15 | 14 | 19 | | 8 Percentage with 3 or more risky behaviours | Persons | 15 yrs | % | 2014/15 | - | Cannot be calculated | 18 | | | | | | | 18 | 16 | 24 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|--------------|-------------------|----------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | Stroke: QOF prevalence (all ages) | Persons | All ages | % | 2017/18 | 3349 | 2 | 2 | | Hypertension: QOF prevalence (all ages) | Persons | All ages | % | 2017/18 | 28688 | 15 | 14 | | Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over | Female | 65+ yrs | per 100,000 | 2017/18 | 599 | 2555 | 2453 | | Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over | Male | 65+ yrs | per 100,000 | 2017/18 | 285 | 1948 | 1775 | | Injuries due to falls in people aged 65 and over | Persons | 65+ yrs | per 100,000 | 2017/18 | 884 | 2301 | 2170 | | Diabetes: QOF prevalence (17+) | Persons | 17+ yrs | % | 2015/16 | 9659 | 6 | 7 | | CHD: QOF prevalence (all ages) | Persons | All ages | % | 2017/18 | 5987 | 3 | 4 | | Depression: Recorded prevalence (aged 18+) | Persons | 18+ yrs | % | 2017/18 | 15085 | 10 | 11 | | Under 75 mortality from colorectal cancer | Female | \<75 yrs | per 100,000 | 2015 - 17| 26 | 11 | 10 | | Under 75 mortality from colorectal cancer | Male | \<75 yrs | per 100,000 | 2015 - 17| 23 | 10 | 15 | | Under 75 mortality from colorectal cancer | Persons | \<75 yrs | per 100,000 | 2015 - 17| 49 | 10 | 12 | | Estimated prevalence of diabetes (undiagnosed and diagnosed) | Persons | 16+ yrs | % | 2015 | 12808 | 9 | 8 | | Excess Weight in Adults | Persons | 18+ yrs | % | 2016/17 | - | 59 | 63 | | Estimated diabetes diagnosis rate | Persons | 17+ yrs | % | 2018 | - | 75 | 79 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) | Indicator | Sex | Age | Unit type of Value | Period | Southend-on-Sea | Neighbour Average | National context | |--------------------------------------------------------------------------|-----------|-----------|--------------------|----------|-----------------|-------------------|------------------| | 1 Reception: Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) | Persons | 4-5 yrs | % | 2017/18 | 460 23 | 23 22 30 | 14 | | 2 Year 6: Prevalence of overweight (including obesity) | Persons | 10-11 yrs | % | 2017/18 | 604 32 | 34 34 45 | 22 | | 3 Obese children (4-5 years) | Persons | 4-5 yrs | % | 2017/18 | 175 9 | 9 10 14 | 5 | | 4 Obese children (10-11 years) | Persons | 10-11 yrs | % | 2017/18 | 346 19 | 20 20 30 | 11 | | 5 Admissions for diabetes for children aged 0 to 9 | Persons | 0-9 yrs | per 100,000 | 2015/16 | 7 31 | Not given 38 30 80 | 10 | | 6 Admissions for diabetes for children and young people aged under 19 | Persons | 0-18 yrs | per 100,000 | 2016/17 | 23 56 | Decreasing and getting better 65 55 122 | 27 | | 7 Admissions for diabetes for young people aged 10 to 18 | Persons | 10-18 yrs | per 100,000 | 2015/16 | 14 78 | Not given 111 87 209 | 35 |

Source: PHE Fingertips (App B: 7-1) Appendix B

References

## The Local Context

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 1-1 | Public Health England\
https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/ | | 1-2 | ONS Population estimates: Persons by single year of age and sex for local authorities in the UK, mid-2017\
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/latest | | 1-3 | ONS 2016-based subnational population projections for local authorities and higher administrative areas in England\
https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/bulletins/annualmidyearpopulationestimates/mid2016 | | 1-4 | ONS Standard Area Measurements 2011\
https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/geography/geographicalproducts/otherproducts/ukstandardareameasurementssam |

## References (2 of 6)

### Active Travel

| Source ID | Reference | |-----------|-----------| | 2-1 | Working Together to Promote Active Travel: A briefing for local authorities [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523460/Working_Together_to_Promote_Active_Travel_A_briefing_for_local_authorities.pdf](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/523460/Working_Together_to_Promote_Active_Travel_A_briefing_for_local_authorities.pdf) | | 2-2 | PHE Fingertips [https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/](https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/) | | 2-3 | Annual Report of the Chief Medical Officer 2017, Health Impacts of All Pollution – what do we know? [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/690846/CMO_Annual_Report_2017_Health_Impacts_of_All_Pollution_what_do_we_know.pdf](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/690846/CMO_Annual_Report_2017_Health_Impacts_of_All_Pollution_what_do_we_know.pdf) | | 2-4 | World Health Organisation “Health Risks of Air Pollution In Europe” report (2013) [http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/2013/health-risks-of-air-pollution-in-europe-hrapie-project-recommendations-for-concentrationresponse-functions-for-costbenefit-analysis-of-particulate-matter,-ozone-and-nitrogen-dioxide](http://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/air-quality/publications/2013/health-risks-of-air-pollution-in-europe-hrapie-project-recommendations-for-concentrationresponse-functions-for-costbenefit-analysis-of-particulate-matter,-ozone-and-nitrogen-dioxide) | | 2-5 | Consumer Data Research Centre's (CDRC) Access Healthy Assets and Hazards (AHAH) Index [https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/cdrc-2016-ahah-index-local-authority-district-geodata-pack-southend-on-sea-e06000033](https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/cdrc-2016-ahah-index-local-authority-district-geodata-pack-southend-on-sea-e06000033) | | 2-6 | CRASH (Collision Reporting And Sharing) system used by Essex Police Information supplied by Traffic and Highways Network Team – Southend Borough Council |

## Activity Guidelines

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 3-1 | Start active, stay active: infographics on physical activity [https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/start-active-stay-active-infographics-on-physical-activity](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/start-active-stay-active-infographics-on-physical-activity) |

## Take Up, Participation and Activity

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 4-1 | PHE Fingertips\
[https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/](https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/) | | 4-2 | What about YOuth survey 2014/15, via PHE Fingertips\
[https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/](https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/) | | 4-3 | Sport England Active Lives Survey Nov 2016-2017\
[https://activelives.sportengland.org/](https://activelives.sportengland.org/) | | 4-4 | Sport England Active Lives Adult Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities\
[https://www.sportengland.org/media/13563/active-lives-adult-may-17-18-report.pdf](https://www.sportengland.org/media/13563/active-lives-adult-may-17-18-report.pdf) | | 4-5 | Sport England Active Lives Children and Young People Survey 2017/2018: Average for all English Local Authorities\
[https://www.sportengland.org/media/13851/active-lives-children-survey-2017-18-attitudes-report.pdf](https://www.sportengland.org/media/13851/active-lives-children-survey-2017-18-attitudes-report.pdf) |

## References (5 of 6)

### Barrier and Motivators

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 5-1 | Everybody active every day – an evidence based approach; Public Health England (Oct 2014) [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/374914/Framework_13.pdf](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/374914/Framework_13.pdf) | | 5-2 | Physical Inactivity and Sedentary Behaviour 2017; British Heart Foundation (Mar 2017) [https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/publications/statistics/physical-inactivity-report-2017](https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/publications/statistics/physical-inactivity-report-2017) | | 5-3 | Health Survey for England 2015, NHS Digital (Dec 2016) [https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/health-survey-for-england-2015](https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/health-survey-for-england-2015) | | 5-4 | Key Data on Young People 2017, Association for Young Peoples Health(2017) [http://www.ayph.org.uk/keydata2017/FullVersion2017](http://www.ayph.org.uk/keydata2017/FullVersion2017) | | 5-5 | “Taking Part, Focus on Understanding Changes in Sport Participation 2014/15”; Sport England (Nov 2015) [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/476078/Taking_Part_201415_Focus_on_Sport.pdf](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/476078/Taking_Part_201415_Focus_on_Sport.pdf) | | 5-6 | “Taking Part, Focus on Barriers to Participation - Disability”; Department for Culture Media & Sport (Nov 2015) [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/476097/Taking_Part_201415_Focus_on_Barrers_to_participation_disability.pdf](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/476097/Taking_Part_201415_Focus_on_Barrers_to_participation_disability.pdf) | | 5-7 | Physical Activity Research Report: Southend Borough Council (May 2018) |

## References (6 of 6)

### Sports Facility Provision

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 6-1 | Sport England Active Places Facility Data, 10th January 2019 [https://www.activeplacespower.com/opendata](https://www.activeplacespower.com/opendata) | | 6-2 | Cycle Southend [http://www.cyclesouthend.co.uk/](http://www.cyclesouthend.co.uk/) | | 6-3 | The Seaside Awards [http://www.theseasideawards.org/home/1778](http://www.theseasideawards.org/home/1778) | | 6-4 | Blue Flag Awards [http://www.blueflag.global/](http://www.blueflag.global/) | | 6-5 | Consumer Data Research Centre's (CDRC) 2017 Open Greenspace Geodata Pack by the ESRC Consumer Data Research Centre [https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/cdrc-2017-os-open-greenspace-geodata-pack-southend-on-sea-e06000033](https://data.cdrc.ac.uk/dataset/cdrc-2017-os-open-greenspace-geodata-pack-southend-on-sea-e06000033) |

### Appendix A

| Source ID | Source Reference | |-----------|------------------| | 7-1 | PHE Fingertips [https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/](https://fingertips.phe.org.uk/) |