Memorandum of Understanding between the Information Commissioner and the Chief Executive of The National Archives / Keeper of Public Records

1 Introduction

1.1 This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) establishes a framework for co-operation between the Information Commissioner’s Office (ICO) and The National Archives (TNA). It sets out the role of each organisation and explains how they will work together to achieve their separate and common goals.

1.2 Its aims are to:

- Facilitate contact and discussion on matters of common interest, particularly by sharing knowledge, information, expertise and best practice
- Ensure appropriate consultation in areas of policy and guidance development of mutual interest
- Provide a framework for co-ordination of audit and assessment work

1.3 The MoU is published on both organisations’ websites. It will be reviewed at least every two years and more frequently if required by developments in the statutory and policy environment.

1.5 The MoU is not intended to be legally binding.

2 Overview of the ICO’s role and responsibilities

2.1 The ICO is responsible for regulating compliance by public authorities with the rights of access provided by the Freedom of Information Act 2000 (FOIA), the Environmental Information Regulations 2004 (EIR) and the INSPIRE Regulations 2009. The ICO also regulates compliance with the Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2015 (PSI), Data Protection Act 1998 (DPA) and the Privacy and Electronic Communications (EC Directive) Regulations 2003 (PECR). Its FOIA, EIR and INSPIRE roles relate to England, Wales and Northern Ireland and UK-wide public authorities. Its data protection, PECR and PSI roles relate to the entire UK.

2.2 The ICO’s regulatory duties include considering complaints under the legislation. Its powers include the issuing of various notices in relation to FOIA, PSI and EIR complaints. These include decision notices, which give the

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1 This overview focuses on the ICO’s role and responsibilities as they bear on the MoU. It will be amended if statutory responsibilities are changed by future legislation. Technically the responsibilities fall on the Information Commissioner but for convenience they are associated with his office, i.e. the ICO, in this MoU. outcome of a complaint and specify the steps that must be taken in relation to the case, and recommendations in the case of PSI complaints involving charging exceptions; information notices, which specify information to be provided by the public authority; and enforcement notices, which specify action to be taken by the public authority to achieve compliance with the FOIA, EIR and PSI. The powers of the ICO under the DPA include issuing enforcement notices and imposing Civil Monetary Penalties.

2.3 The ICO is responsible also for promoting good practice with this legislation. In particular, the ICO promotes observance of the codes of practice under sections 45 and 46 of the FOIA and may, with the consent of an authority, assess whether good practice is being followed. The ICO can issue an information notice to obtain information relating to conformity and a practice recommendation specifying remedial steps that should be taken. A practice recommendation cannot be enforced. The DPA gives the ICO the power to issue assessment notices and to conduct compulsory audits of data protection practices in government departments as well as consensual audits of other bodies.

2.4 The Commissioner is required to consult the Chief Executive of TNA in his capacity of Keeper of Public Records about the promotion of observance of the records management code of practice by bodies subject to the Public Records Act 1958. He is also required to consult him before issuing a practice recommendation to one of those bodies.

2.5 The ICO is responsible for regulating certain aspects of the INSPIRE Regulations. This role is intended to mirror certain aspects of its regulatory responsibilities under FOIA and the EIR.

3 Overview of TNA’s role and responsibilities

3.1 TNA comprises and carries out the functions of four bodies:

- The Public Record Office
- The Historical Manuscripts Commission
- The Office of Public Sector Information
- Her Majesty’s Stationery Office

3.2 TNA is the official archive and publisher of the UK government and for England and Wales and in that capacity is responsible for safeguarding and

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2 FOIA s 47(1) 3 FOIA s 47(3) 4 FOIA s 51(1)(b)(ii) 5 FOIA s 48(1) 6 This is the code of practice issued under FOIA s 46 7 These consultation requirements are at FOIA s 47(5)(a) and s 48(3) 8 This overview focuses on The National Archives’ role and responsibilities as they bear on the MoU. It will be amended if statutory responsibilities are changed by legislation not yet enacted and/or commenced. Technically some responsibilities fall on office holders within The National Archives but for convenience they are associated with The National Archives in this MoU preserving public records(^9) in the care of the Keeper of Public Records and for doing what is necessary or expedient for maintaining the utility of the Public Record Office.(^{10}) This includes providing public access and related services to records that are available for public access in accordance with the FOI Act.

3.3 TNA oversees the preservation of public records in ‘places of deposit’, i.e. other archives services appointed under the Public Records Act 1958 to hold public records.(^{11}) This includes promoting good practice in preservation and access services to ensure they are comparable to those of TNA, and providing advice on a range of archives issues.

3.4 TNA provides guidance, co-ordination and supervision to government departments and other bodies subject to the PRA on their management of their records(^{12}) and assesses their capability in this regard through its Information Management Assessment programme.

3.5 TNA is responsible, through the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament under Letters Patent, for the management and licensing of Crown copyright and Crown database right. In addition, through the Controller and Queen’s Printer of Acts of Parliament, TNA has responsibility for the publication of UK legislation and other official publishing records. These responsibilities are UK wide.

3.6 TNA has the public policy role within UK Government for the re-use of public sector information. It has policy responsibility for the legal framework comprising the Re-use of Public Sector Information Regulations 2015, which set out various requirements as to how public sector bodies must permit the re-use of their public task information,(^{13}) including the issuing of guidance.

3.7 TNA through the Office of Public Sector Information also supports implementation and good practice in re-use through the Information Fair Trader Scheme (IFTS), the UK Government Licensing Framework and policy on official publishing.

3.8 TNA has the archive sector leadership responsibility within government in England and is involved in the making and the promulgation of policy. It engages with practitioners, managers and funders across the sector to promote service development, improvement and sustainability, promoting the archival health of the nation.

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(^9) Public records are the records of UK government departments and associated bodies, of the courts, the armed services and the NHS.

(^{10}) Public Records Act 1958 s 2(4)

(^{11}) PRA s 4

(^{12}) PRA s 3(2)

(^{13}) Re-use Regulations, Regulations 8-15 4 General co-operation

4.1 The ICO and TNA recognise that they have complementary expertise and overlapping interests. They will endeavour to co-operate and work together insofar as their respective roles permit. They will share knowledge, expertise, best practice and intelligence in relation to matters of mutual interest and, if there is overlap or a mutual interest in a policy area, they will consult as appropriate.

4.2 The organisations are committed to the principle of good communication with each other, especially when one organisation’s work may have some bearing on the responsibilities of the other organisation. The organisations will seek to alert each other as soon as practicable to relevant developments and issues within their area of responsibility, subject to complying with any relevant legal requirements applying to the disclosure of information.

4.3 This MoU is without prejudice to any legal or administrative arrangements in place for co-operation of either organisation with other parties in the exercise of their duties. These include, but are not limited to, the Ministry of Justice, the Scottish Information Commissioner, the First Tier Tribunal – Information Rights and the Cabinet Office.

4.4 The Information Commissioner and the Chief Executive of TNA will meet at least once a year, and more frequently if required, to discuss matters of mutual interest and the operation of this MoU. These meetings will be underpinned by regular liaison between their officials including meetings as and when required.

4.5 The organisations will ensure that there is clarity as to the appropriate contact point for particular matters and that contact details are kept up to date.

5 Promotion of good practice

5.1 The ICO and TNA both provide web-based guidance to help public authorities understand and meet their statutory obligations. Both organisations agree to provide links to relevant guidance produced by the other organisation, and to encourage public authorities to use guidance produced by the other organisation where appropriate.

5.2 The organisations agree that when producing guidance that is relevant to the responsibilities of the other organisation they will consult the other organisation.

5.3 The organisations agree that when they receive a request for policy advice that raises issues relevant to the responsibilities of the other organisation they will consult the other organisation. 5.4 When improvements in practice are required to conform to the codes of practice under sections 45 and 46 of the FOIA, the ICO may issue a Practice Recommendation to the public authority. When the required improvements relate to records management, archives services or the re-use of public sector information, the ICO will consult TNA. The final decision as to whether a Practice Recommendation should be issued and on its contents will be taken by the ICO.

5.5 When the ICO considers a more appropriate course of action would be for the public authority to sign an Undertaking in relation to the good practice referred to paragraph 5.4, the ICO will consult TNA. The final decision as to whether an Undertaking should be sought and on its contents will be taken by the ICO.

6 Assessment of good practice

6.1 TNA and the ICO carry out a number of assessment and audit programmes which assess compliance with relevant statutory obligations, policies, standards and guidance and also highlight good practice. TNA and the ICO will co-ordinate this work as far as possible in order to avoid duplication, present a joined-up approach to government departments and other public authorities and share good practice.

6.2 TNA will share its assessments of the current levels of conformity with the records management code of practice. The ICO may refer to these assessments in the Information Commissioner’s annual report to Parliament.

6.3 The principal means of monitoring conformance with the records management code of practice will be self-assessment by public authorities, using tools provided by TNA. TNA will provide support for self-assessment if the particular circumstances of the case make this appropriate, subject to the necessary resources being available.

6.4 The Information Commissioner may ask TNA to undertake on his behalf an assessment of a public authority’s practice with regard to records management. As a general rule, a request for assessment will relate to areas of particular concern within that public authority. TNA will consider all such requests. The scope and type of assessment, the level of commitment involved and the timing will be agreed in relation to each request.

6.5 If, having conducted an assessment, TNA considers that a Practice Recommendation or an Undertaking is required (see paragraphs 5.4 and 5.5), the report to the ICO will include a recommendation to this effect with suggestions as to content.

6.6 If the ICO proposes to issue an Information Notice to a public authority in order to obtain more information concerning its current practice than the public authority has provided, and the information is connected to either records management or to the re-use of public sector information, the ICO will consult TNA.

6.7 If an assessment of the practice of archives services in relation to the code of practice under section 45 of the FOIA appears to the ICO to raise general issues concerning archives policy and professional practice, the ICO will consult TNA. The final decision on the appropriate course of action will be taken by the ICO.

Information Commissioner

Chief Executive of The National Archives and Keeper of Public Records

Christopher Graham

Jeff James

Date: Date: