----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Aune, K.E. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Impacts of winter recreationists on wildlife in portions of 
              Yellowstone National Park, WY.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman. 110 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Barmore, W.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Population characteristics, distribution and habitat 
              relationships of six ungulate species in Yellowstone National 
              Park.

SOURCE:       3 vol. 677pp. Yellowstone Nat. Park Libr. Mammoth, WY.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Beidelman, R.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1955

TITLE:        An altitudinal record for bison in northern Colorado.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 36:470-471.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Belovsky, G.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Optimal foraging and community structure: implications for a 
              guild of generalist grassland herbivores.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 70:35-52.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Belovsky, G.E. and J.B. Slade.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Time budgets of grassland herbivores: body size similarities.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 70:53-62.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bennet, J.P. and R.B. Dahlgren.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Seasonal food habits of bison on mixed grass prairie.

SOURCE:       pp. 143-146.  IN: Proc., A Natl. Conf. Grazing Mgt. Tech. 
              (D.D. Briske and M.M. Kothman, eds.). Texas A&M Univ.,
              College Station, TX

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Berger, J. and C. Cunningham. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Size-related effects on search times in North American 
              grassland female ungulates.

SOURCE:       Ecology 69:177-183.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Borowski, S. and S. Kossak. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The natural food preferences of the European bison in seasons 
              free of snow cover.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 17:151-169.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Bowser, G. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Winter foraging behavior in bison (Bison bison) in Yellowstone 
              National Park, Wyoming.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 28:156.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cairns, A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Distribution and food habits of moose, wapiti, deer, bison, 
              and snowshoe hare in Elk Island National Park, Alberta.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. of Calgary, Calgary. 171 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cairns, A. and E.S. Telfer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Habitat use by four sympatric ungulates in boreal mixedwood 
              forest.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 44:849-857.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Calef, G.W. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Population growth in an introduced herd of wood bison (Bison 
              bison athabascae).

SOURCE:       pp. 183-200. IN: Northern Ecology and Resource Management. 
              (R. Olsen, et al., eds.). Univ. Alberta Press. Edmonton, 
              Alberta. 438 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Calef, G.W. and J. Van Camp. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Seasonal distribution, group size and structure, and movements 
              of bison herds.

SOURCE:       pp. 15-20. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Capp, J.C. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1964

TITLE:        Ecology of the bison of Colorado National Monument.

SOURCE:       U.S.D.I., N.P.S., Gov. Printing
              Office. Wash., D.C., 30 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Campbell, B.H. and M. Hinkes.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Winter diets and habitat use of Alaskan bison after wildfire.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 11:16-21

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cid, M.S. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Prairie dog and bison grazing effects on maintenance of 
              attributes of a prairie dog colony.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              97 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cid, M.S., J.K. Detling, A.D. Whicker, and M.A. Brizuela.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Vegetational responses of a mixed-grass prairie site following 
              exclusion of prairie dogs and bison.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 44:100-105.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Cole, R.S. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        Elk and bison management on the Oglala Sioux game range.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 27:484-485.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collins, S.L. and G.E. Uno. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The effects of early spring burning on vegetation in buffalo 
              wallows.

SOURCE:       Bull. Torrey Bot. Club. 110:474-481.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collins, S.L. and S.C. Barber.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Effects of disturbance on diversity in mixed-grass prairie.

SOURCE:       Vegetatio 64:87-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Collingwood, L.

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Seasonal bison distributions correlated to habitat types in 
              Wood Buffalo National Park, 1976-1977.

SOURCE:       IN: Wood Buffalo National Park bison research, 1977 annual 
              report. (J.G. Stelfox, compiler). Canadian Wildlife Service, 
              Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison-prairie dog-plant interactions in a northern mixed-grass 
              prairie.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 61:113. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, J.L Dodd, and M.I. Dyer.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Bison prairie dog-plant interactions in Wind Cave National Park, 
              South Dakota.

SOURCE:       Proc. Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 12:184.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Interactions among bison, prairie dogs and vegetation in Wind 
              Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Final Report to National Park Service, Wind Cave 
              National Park, South Dakota. 195 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L., J.E. Ellis, J.K. Detling, and M.I. Dyer.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Plant-herbivore interactions in a North American mixed-grass 
              prairie. II. Responses of bison to modification of vegetation 
              by prairie dogs.

SOURCE:       Oecologia 56:10-15. 

CATEGORY:    Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Coppock, D.L. and J.K. Detling.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Alteration of bison and black-tailed prairie dog grazing 
              interaction by prescribed burning.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 50:452-455.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Modification of individual plant and community water and 
              nitrogen relations by grassland herbivores.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 
              CO. 134 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Grassland patch dynamics and herbivore grazing preference 
              following urine deposition.

SOURCE:       Ecology 71:180-188.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Day, T.A. and J.K. Detling.

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Changes in grass leaf water relations following bison urine 
              deposition.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 123:171-178.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dearden, B.L., R.E. Pegau, and R.M. Hansen.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Precision of microhistological estimates of ruminant 
              food habits.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 39:402-407.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Despain, D., D. Houston, M.M. Meagher, and P. Schullery. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Wildlife in transition.

SOURCE:       Roberts Rinehart, Inc. Boulder, CO. 142 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Trophic interactions among above ground and belowground 
              herbivores and plants in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Grasslands and savannas: regulation of energy flow and 
              nutrient cycling by herbivores.

SOURCE:       Ecol. Stud. Anal. Synth. 67:131-148.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K., M.I. Dyer, C. Procter-Gregg, and D.T. Winn. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Plant-herbivore interactions: examination of potential 
              effects of bison saliva on regrowth of Bouteloua gracilis 
              (H.B.K.)

SOURCE:       Oecologia 45:26-31.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Detling, J.K., C.W. Ross, M.H. Walmsley, D.W. Hilbert, C.A. 
              Bonilla, and M.I. Dyer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Examination of North American bison saliva for potential 
              plant growth regulators.

SOURCE:       J. Chemical Ecol. 7:239-246.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Dziuk, H.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Eructation, regurgitation, and reticuloruminal contraction 
              in the American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. J. Physiol. 208:343-346.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Edwards, T.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Buffalo and prairie ecology.

SOURCE:       pp. 110-112. IN: Proceedings of 5th Midwest Prairie Conf.
              (D.C. Glenn-Lewin and R.Q. Landers, eds.). Iowa State 
              Univ., Ames, Iowa.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       England, R.E. and A. DeVos. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1969

TITLE:        Influence of animals on pristine conditions on the Canadian 
              grasslands.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 22:87-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fowler, C.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Density dependence as related to life history strategy.

SOURCE:       Ecology 62:602-610.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1961

TITLE:        The ecology and management of the American bison.

SOURCE:       Terre et Vie 108:286-304.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Fuller, W.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        The biology and management of the bison of Wood Buffalo 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Serv. Wildl. Manage. Bull. Ser. 1, No. 16.52 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Free-roaming bison in northern Canada.

SOURCE:       Alta Nat. 15:86-87.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gainer, R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Further notes on bison in northern Alberta.

SOURCE:       Alberta Nat. 16:96-97.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Habitat and diet selection of Wood bison in the Mackenzie 
              Sanctuary, Northwest Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       Trans. Congr. Int. Union Game Biol. 18:65-66.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gates, C.C. and N.C. Larter. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Growth and dispersal of an erupting large herbivore 
              population in northern Canada: the MacKenzie wood bison 
              (Bison bison athabascae).

SOURCE:       Arctic 43:231-238. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gebczynska, Z. and M. Krasinska.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Food preference and requirements of the European bison.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 17:105-117.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gebczynska, Z., J. Kowalczk, M. Krasinska, and A. Ziolecka. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        A comparison of the digestibility of nutrients by European 
              bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 9:283-289.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gibson, D.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Effects of animal disturbance on tallgrass prairie vegetation.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 121:144-154.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Gipson, P.S. and J.D. McKendrick.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Bison depradation on grain fields in interior Alaska.

SOURCE:       Proc. Great Plains Wildl. Damage Control Workshop. 5:116-121.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Grimm, R.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1939

TITLE:        Northern Yellowstone winter range studies.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 3:295-306.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Halloran, A.F. and B.P. Glass.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1959

TITLE:        The carnivores and ungulates of the Wichita Mountains Wildlife
              Refuge, Oklahoma.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 40:360-370.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Comparison of forage utilization and blood composition of 
              bison and Hereford cattle.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. 246 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        The effect of bag location along a suspension line on nylon 
              bag digestibility estimates in bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       J. Range Mange. 34:265-266.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and E.O. Keith.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Nylon bag digestibilities of five native plants in bison 
              and cattle.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 57:825.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, and W.R. Stricklin.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Bison and Hereford steer digestion of sedge hay.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Anim. Sci. 61:165-174.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L., D.G. Peden, H.W. Reynolds, and W.R. Stricklin. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Bison and cattle digestion of forages from the Slave River 
              lowlands, Northwest Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 34:126-130.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hawley, A.W.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison and cattle use of forages.

SOURCE:       pp. 49-52. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Holsworth, W.N. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        Interactions between moose, elk, and buffalo in Elk Island 
              National Park, Alberta.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Holsworth, W.N.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1960

TITLE:        Buffalo range and food habits of buffalo in Wood Buffalo Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. report, Canadian Wildlife Service, Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Houston, D.B. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Ecosystems of national parks.

SOURCE:       Science 172:245 262.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and C.B. Blyth. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Mixed grazing systems of the aspen boreal forest.

SOURCE:       pp. 381-383. IN: Rangelands, a resource under siege. 
              Proceedings of the 2nd Rangeland Congress. Canberra, 
              Australia.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Hudson, R.J. and S. Frank.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Foraging ecology of bison in aspen boreal habitats.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 40:71-75.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kautz, J.E. and G.M. Van Dyne. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Comparitive analyses of diets of bison, cattle, sheep, and 
              pronghorn antelope on shortgrass prairie in northeastern
              Colorado, USA.

SOURCE:       pp. 438-442. IN: Proc. 1st Intl. Rangel. Congr. (D.N. 
              Hyder, ed.). Soc. for Range Manage., Denver, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P. and E.S. Telfer. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Studies of the physiological adaptation of big game for snow.

SOURCE:       pp. 134. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and
              Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kelsall, J.P., E.S. Telfer, and T.S. Wright. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        The effects of fire on the ecology of the boreal forest,
              with particular reference to the Canadian north: a review 
              and selected bibliography.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Report, No. 32.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kerley, L.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Microhabitat choice and biting flies in American bison (Bison 
              bison): a test of multiple hypotheses.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. Nev. Reno. 41 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kerley, L. and J. Berger.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        What influences microhabitat choice in large ungulates?: A 
              test of multiple hypotheses using American bison.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 28:156.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinski, Z.A. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Dynamics and structure of the European bison population in 
              the Bialoweiza primeval forest.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 23:3-48.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krasinska, M., K. Cabon-Raczynska, and Z.A. Krasinski.
        
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Strategy of habitat utilization by European bison in the 
              Bialoweiza forest.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 32:147-202.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Kreuger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        An experimental analysis of interspecific feeding relationships 
              among bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 65:267.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs 
              at Wind Cave National Park: Implications for managers.

SOURCE:       pp. 203-208. IN: Proc. National Wilderness Res. Conf., Colorado 
              State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Bison, pronghorn, and prairie dogs in Wind Cave: recent results 
              and their uses.

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:86.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Feeding relationships among bison, pronghorn, and prairie 
              dogs: an experimental analysis.

SOURCE:       Ecology 67:760-770.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Krueger, K. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Interactions and activity patterns of bison and prairie dogs 
              at Wind Cave National Park: implications for managers.

SOURCE:       U.S.F.S. Gen. Tech. Rep., INT-212. pp. 203-238.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Larter, N.C. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Diet and habitat selection of an erupting wood bison 
              population.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Univ. British Columbia, Vancouver. 
              109 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Larter, N.C. and C.C. Gates. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Home ranges of wood bison in an expanding population.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 71:604-607.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Lott, D.F. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Home ranges of American bison cows on Santa Catalina Island, 
              California.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 64:161-162.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       McCullough, Y.B. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1980

TITLE:        Niche separation of seven North American ungulates on the 
              National Bison Range, Montana.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor. 226 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Mahan, B.R.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Harrasment of an elk calf by bison.

SOURCE:       Can. Field Nat. 91:418-419.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Martinka, C.J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Ungulate populations in relation to wilderness in Glacier 
              National Park, Montana.

SOURCE:       Trans. North Am. Wildl. and Nat. Res. Conf. 43:351-357.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        The bison of Yellowstone National Park: past and present.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis., Univ. California, Berkley. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Snow as a factor influencing bison distribution and numbers 
              in Pelican Valley, Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 63-67. IN: Proc. Snow and Ice in Relation to Wildl. and 
              Recr. Symp. (A.0. Haugan, ed.). Iowa State Univ., Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1973

TITLE:        The bison of Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       N.P.S. Sci. Mono. Ser. #1. 161 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Winter weather as a population-regulating influence on 
              free-ranging bison in Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       pp. 29-38. IN: Research in the parks, Transactions of the 
              National Park Centennial Symposium., Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci. 
              Dec. 28-29,1971. Ser. No. 1. U.S. Gov. Printing Office,
              Wash. D.C.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Bison.

SOURCE:       p. 123-133. IN: Big game of North America: ecology and 
              management. (J.L. Scmidt and D.L. Gilbert, eds.). Stackpole 
          Books, Harrisburg PA. 494 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989a

TITLE:        Evaluation of boundary control for bison of Yellowstone 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 17:15-19.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1989b

TITLE:        Range expansion by bison of Yellowstone National Park.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 70:670-675. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Meagher, M.M. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Changes in bison ecological carrying capacity because of 
              human activities.

SOURCE:       Paper presented at meeting of the George Wright Soc., El
              Paso, Texas. Nov. 14, 1990. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Nelson, K.L. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1965

TITLE:        Status and habits of the American
              buffalo (Bison bison)in the Henry Mountain area of
              Utah.

SOURCE:       Utah Dept. Fish and Game Pub. No. 65-2.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Habitat use and distribution of bison in Theodore Roosevelt 
              National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J. and C.B. Marlow. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Bison use of harwood draws in the Theodore Roosevelt National 
              Park. IN: Symposium on wooded draws: Characteristics and
              values for the northern Great Plains.

SOURCE:       U.S.D.A. For. Serv. Rocky Mtn. For. and Range Exp. Sta., Fort
              Collins, CO. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J., L.R. Irby, and C.B. Marlow. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Determination of optimum bison stocking rate in Theodore
              Roosevelt National Park, North Dakota.

SOURCE:       J. Environ. Manage. 21:225-239.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Norland, J. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Forage allocation model for competing species of ungulates.

SOURCE:       pp. 34. IN: Proc. of North America Bison Workshop. (J. Malcom, 
              ed.) U.S. Fish and Wildl. Ser. and Glacier Nat. Hist. Assoc.,
              Glacier National Park, MT. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Pearson, H.A.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1967

TITLE:        Rumen microorganisms in buffalo from southern Utah.

SOURCE:       Appl. Microbiol. 15:1450-1451. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Preliminary activities and results in bison research on the 
              Pawnee Site, U.S.

SOURCE:       IBP Grassland Biome Study Technical Report 87. Colorado
              State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 63 p. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        The trophic relations of Bison bison to the shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       Ph.D. Diss., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Botanical composition of bison diets on shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       Am. Midl. Nat. 96:225-229.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peden, D.G., G.M. Van Dyne, R.W. Rice, and R.M. Hansen.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974

TITLE:        The trophic ecology of Bison bison L. on shortgrass plains.

SOURCE:       J. Appl. Ecology. 11:489-498

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peek, J.M., D.G. Miquelle, and R.G. Wright. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Are bison exotic in the Wrangell-St. Elias National Park
              and Preserve?

SOURCE:       Environ. Manage. 11:149-153.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1958

TITLE:        A feedlot study of bison and cattle and Hereford calves.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Ani. Sci. 38:87-90.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Peters, H.F. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1966

TITLE:        Range calf production of cattle, bison, cattalo, and Hereford 
              cows.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Ani. Sci. 46:157-164.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Plumb, G.E.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1991

TITLE:        Foraging ecology of bison and cattle on a northern mixed 
              prairie.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Plumb, G.E. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1992

TITLE:        Analysis of linear programming models of ungulate foraging.

SOURCE:       pp. 183-184. IN: Ongules/Ungulates 91Proceedings. (F. Spitz, 
              G. Janeau, G. Gonzalez, and S. Auangnier, eds.) S.F.E.P.M.-
              I.R.G.M. Paris Toulouse, France.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Polley, H.W. and S.L. Collins. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Relationships of vegetation and environment in buffalo 
          wallows.

SOURCE:       Amer. Midl. Nat. 112:178 186.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Popp, J.K.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Range ecology of bison on mixed grass prairie at Wind 
              Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Iowa State Univ. Ames, Iowa. 59 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Ravendal, D.V. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation: Do bison benefit from 
              feeding on prairie dog towns?

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins. 
              44 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Bison diets of Slave River Lowlands, Canada.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 
              CO. 66pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.M. Hansen, and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Diets of the Slave River Lowland bison herd, Northwest 
          Territories, Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 42:581-590.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W. and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Vegetation, bison diets, and snow cover.

SOURCE:       pp. 39-44. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl.
              Ser. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Reynolds, H.W., R.D. Glaholt, and A.W.L. Hawley. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Bison ecology in relation to agricultural development in the 
              Slave River Lowlands.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Ser. Occasional Paper. No. 63. 74 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974a

TITLE:        Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake.

SOURCE:       Proc., West. Sect., Am. Soc. of Ani. Sci. 25:194-197.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., R.E. Dean and J.E. Ellis. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1974b

TITLE:        Bison, cattle, and sheep dietary quality and food intake.

SOURCE:       J. Ani. Sci. 38:1332.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rice, R.W., J.G. Nagy, and D.G. Peden. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1971

TITLE:        Functional interaction of large herbivores on grasslands.

SOURCE:       pp. 241-265. IN: Analysis of Structure and Function of
              Grasslands: A Preliminary Report. (N.R. Frency, ed.). Range 
          Sci. Dept. Sci. Ser. No. 10. Colorado State Univ., Fort 
              Collins.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson.
      
PUBL. YEAR:   1977a

TITLE:        Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American 
              bison, yak, and cattle.

SOURCE:       55th Annual Feeder's Day Rep. Univ. Alberta, Edmonton. 55:
              49-50.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Richmond, R.J., R.J. Hudson, and R.J. Christopherson.
       
PUBL. YEAR:   1977b

TITLE:        Comparison of forage intake and digestibility by American 
          bison, yak, and cattle.

SOURCE:       Acta Theriol. 22:225-230.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Roe, F.G.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1970

TITLE:        The North American buffalo: A critical study of the species 
          in its wild state.

SOURCE:       2nd ed. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario. 957 pp. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rupp, G.P. and E.O. Keith.  
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1976

TITLE:        Rumen fistulae in bison.

SOURCE:       IN: "Today's Research-Tommorow's Colorado." Proc. 89th Ann. 
          Res. Conf. Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Rutberg, A.T. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        The impact of aggression on feeding efficiency during grazing.

SOURCE:       Am. Zool. 23:935.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schaefer, A.L., B.A. Young, and A.M. Chimwano. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1978

TITLE:        Ration digestion and retention times of digesta in domestic 
              cattle (Bos taurus), American bison (Bison bison), and 
              Tibetian yak (Bos grunniens).

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 56:2355-2358.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schwartz, C.C., J.G. Nagy, and R.W. Rice. 
    
PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Pronghorn dietary quality relative to forage availability and 
              other ruminants in Colorado.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 41:161-168.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Schwartz, C.C. and J.E. Ellis.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1981

TITLE:        Feeding ecology and niche separation in some native and 
              domestic ungulates on shortgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       J. Appl. Ecol. 18:343-353.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, G.G. and H.W. Reynolds. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Selenium concentrations in forages of a northern herbivore.

SOURCE:       Arctic 38:61-64.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shaw, J.H. and T.S. Carter. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Bison movements in relation to fire and seasonality.

SOURCE:       Wildl. Soc. Bull. 18:426-430.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Shull, A.M. and A.R. Tipton. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Effective population size of bison on the Wichita Mountains 
              Wildlife Refuge.

SOURCE:       Cons. Biol. 1:35-41

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Solowski, A.W.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Restoring the bison's habitat in Bialoweiza.

SOURCE:       Ambio 12:197-202.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Soper, J.D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1941

TITLE:        History, range, and home life of the northern bison.

SOURCE:       Ecol. Mon. 11:347-412.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Sparks, K.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1972

TITLE:        Grazing behavior of bison and cattle on a shortgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       U.S. Inter. Biol. Pro., Grassland Biome, Tech. Rep. #149., 
              Nat. Res. Ecol. Lab., Colo. State Univ., Fort Collins, CO.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Steuter, A.A. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Restoring a mixed prairie process: the fire-bison grazing 
              interaction.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 69:308.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Stueter, A.A., C.E. Grygeil, and M.E. Biondini. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        A synthesis approach to research and management planning: The 
          conceptual development and implementation.

SOURCE:       Nat. Areas J. 10:61-68.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and G.W. Scotter. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Potential for game ranching in boreal aspen forests of western 
              Canada.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 27:427-432.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Bison-wapiti interrelationships in Elk Island National Park, 
              Alberta.

SOURCE:       pp. 114-121. IN: North American Elk: Ecology, Behavior, and 
              Management. (M.S. Boyce and L.D. Hayden-Wing, eds.) Univ. Wyo. 
              Laramie, WY.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Studies of morphological parameters affecting ungulate 
              location in snow.

SOURCE:       Can. J. Zool. 57:2153-2159.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and J.P. Kelsall. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Adaptation of some large North American mammals for survival 
              in snow.

SOURCE:       Ecology 65:1828-1834.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Telfer, E.S. and A. Cairns. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:         Resource use by moose versus sympatric deer, wapiti, 
               and bison.

SOURCE:       Alces 22:114-137.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial comparison 
              between bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Kansas State Univ. 136 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, R.C. Cochran, D.L. Harmon, C.E. 
              Owensby, and D.W. Kaufman.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Comparison of ruminal fermentation characteristics and
              microbial population in bison and cattle.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2510-2514.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., T.G. Nagaraja, and K.K. Kemp. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ruminal ciliated protozoa in bison.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:2733-2736.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G., Nagaraja, T.G., and R.C. Cochran. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Ruminal microbial populations and fermentation characteristics 
              in bison and cattle fed high- and low-quality forage.

SOURCE:       Microb. Ecol. 17:311-316. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja.

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Occurrence and diurnal population fluctuations of the ruminal
              protozoan Microcetus lappus.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:91-94.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Towne, G. and T.G. Nagaraja. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1990

TITLE:        Omasal ciliated protozoa in cattle, bison, and sheep.

SOURCE:       Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 56:409-412.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Turner, M.G., W.R. Romme, and L.L. Wallace. 

PUBL. YEAR:   ----

TITLE:        Simulation of winter foraging by large ungulates in a
              heterogeneous landscape.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 71:349-350.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Urness, P.J. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Why did bison fail west of the Rockies?

SOURCE:       Utah Sci. 50:174-179.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Camp, J.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1975

TITLE:        Snow conditions and the winter feeding behavior of Bison bison 
              in Elk Island National Park.

SOURCE:       Can. Wildl. Serv. Unpubl. Rep. No. CWS(WR)-55-75. 91 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Camp, J. and G.W. Calef.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Population dynamics of bison. 

SOURCE:       pp. 21-24. IN: Bison ecology in relation to agricultural 
              development in the Slave River Lowlands, N.W.T. (H. Reynolds 
              and A. Hawley, eds.). Occasional Paper, No. 63. Can. Wildl. 
              Ser. 74 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Ecology and behavior of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Oregon State Univ., Corvallis.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1982

TITLE:        Comparitive ecology of bison and cattle in the Henry Mountains, 
          Utah.

SOURCE:       pp. 449-457. IN: Proceedings of the wildlife-livestock 
              relationships symposium. April 20-22,1981. (L. Nelson and
              J.M. Peek, eds.) For., Wildl. & Range Exp. Sta., Univ. Idaho. 
              Coeur d'Alene, ID. 

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Group dynamics and summer home range of bison in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 64:329-339.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1984

TITLE:        Summer diets of bison and cattle in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 37:260-261

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1983

TITLE:        Diets of bison and cattle on a seeded range in southern Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Range Manage. 36:499-500.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Van Vuren, D. and M.P. Bray. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Population dynamics of bison in the Henry Mountains, Utah.

SOURCE:       J. Mammal. 67:503-511.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vanderhye, A.V.R. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation: do bison benefit from 
              feeding on prarie dogtowns?

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              44 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vanderhye, A.V.R., D.M. Swift, and J.K Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Interspecific nutritional facilitation at Wind Cave National 
              Park: do bison benefit from feeding on prairie dog colonies?

SOURCE:       Conf. Sci. Natl. Parks. 4:88.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Varel, V.H. and B.A. Dehority. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Ruminal cellulytic bacteria and protozoa from bison, cattle-
              bison hybrids, and cattle fed three alfalfa-corn diets.

SOURCE:       Appl. Env. Microbiol. 55:148-153.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Vinton, M.A. and D.C. Hartnett. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1989

TITLE:        Grazed patch and wallow formation by bison and initial plant 
              responses on tallgrass prairie.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 70:287.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Waggoner, V. and M. Hinkes. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1986

TITLE:        Summer and fall browse utilization by an Alaskan bison herd.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 50:322-324.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wallace, L.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Grazing and nutrient movement by bison in a mixed grass 
              prairie ecosystem.

SOURCE:       Bull. Ecol. Soc. Am. 66:289.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wallace, L.L.  

PUBL. YEAR:   1987

TITLE:        Mycorrhizas in grasslands: interactions of ungulates, fungi, 
              and drought.

SOURCE:       New Phytologist. 105:619-632.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Modification of vegetation structure and ecosystem processes 
          by North American grassland mammals.

SOURCE:       pp. 301-316. IN: Plant form and vegetation structure. 
              (M.J.A. Werger, P.J.M. van der Aart, H.J. During, and J.T.A.
              Verhoeven, eds.). SPB Academic Publ. The Hague, Netherlands.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Whicker, A.D. and J.K. Detling. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1988

TITLE:        Ecological consequences of prairie dog disturbances.

SOURCE:       Bioscience 38:778-785.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Williams, G.L. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Simulation modeling of big game at Wichita Mountains Wildlife 
              Refuge.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. Ph.D. Thesis. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO. 
              242 pp.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wydeven, A.P. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1979

TITLE:        Food habits and ecological relationships of elk to other 
              herbivores in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       Unpubl. M.S. Thesis., Iowa State Univ. Ames.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Wydeven, A.P. and R.B. Dahlgren. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1985

TITLE:        Ungulate habitat relationships in Wind Cave National Park.

SOURCE:       J. Wildl. Manage. 49:805-813.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
AUTHOR:       Young, B.A., A. Schaefer, and A. Chimwano. 

PUBL. YEAR:   1977

TITLE:        Digestive capacities of cattle, bison, and yak.

SOURCE:       pp. 31-34. IN: 56th Ann. Feeders' Day Rep., Univ. Alberta,
              Edmonton.

CATEGORY:     Foraging and Habitat Ecology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------