From MAILER-DAEMON Wed Jan  6 10:24:09 1999
Date: Wed, 6 Jan 1999 10:24:09 -0500 (EST)
From: Mail System Internal Data <MAILER-DAEMON@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: DON'T DELETE THIS MESSAGE -- FOLDER INTERNAL DATA
X-IMAP: 0912697139 0000000737
Status: RO
This text is part of the internal format of your mail folder, and is not
a real message.  It is created automatically by the mail system software.
If deleted, important folder data will be lost, and it will be re-created
with the data reset to initial values.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan  4 20:14:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA05131; Sun, 4 Jan 1998 20:14:51 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA14476; Sun, 4 Jan 1998 20:16:19 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014470; Sun, 4 Jan 98 20:15:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA09261; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 00:59:07 GMT
From: coral@aoml.noaa.gov (NOAA's CHAMP)
Message-Id: <199801050059.AAA09261@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 1
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Sat, 03 Jan 1998 11:03:27 -0500
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge@ocean.nova.edu>
To: NOAA's CHAMP <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS
Sender: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
**********************************************************
SPECIAL GEOLOGY ISSUE OF CORAL REEFS
HOLOCENE AND PLEISTOCENE REEF GEOLOGY
CALL FOR PAPERS:
Volume 17 of Coral Reefs will include a Special Issue, entitled "Holocene
and Pleistocene Reef Geology".  As the title suggests, the purpose of the
issue is to provide an overview of current research in this broad area.
Manuscripts may be empirical or theoretical, long or short.  Reviews and
Reef Sites on a geological theme are also welcome. The issue (approximately
100 pages) will be published as soon as 12 papers have been accepted.
Prospective authors may first contact the Geological Editor, Richard E.
Dodge by fax or email (Fax 954-921-7764, email dodge@ocean.nova.edu).
To ensure a speedy publication, manuscripts should be submitted as soon as
possible (NO LATER THAN FEBRUARY 1, 1998).
GUEST EDITORS TO WHOM MANUSCRIPS MAY ALSO BE SUBMITTED ARE:
Dr. R.E. Dodge, Geological Editor, Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center, 8000 N. Ocean Drive, Dania, FL 33004, USA.
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas,
1930 Constant Ave., Lawrence, KS 66047, email: buddrw@KGS.UKANS.EDU
Dr. Richard W. Grigg, Dept. of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, Univ. of
Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA, email rgrigg@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
Dr. David Hopley, Coastal & Marine Consultancies, 3 Wingadee, Annadale,
Townsville, QLD 4814 Australia, email: david.hopley@ultra.net.au
Dr Ian McIntyre, Dept. of Paleobiology,National Museum of Natural History,
Smithsonian Institution,Washington, DC 20560
email MACINTYRE.IAN@NMNH.SI.EDU
Dr. Peter Swart, Division of Marine Geology & Geophysics, University of
Miami/ RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, email:
Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu
Dr. Terry Scoffin, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom email: Terry.Scoffin@ed.ac.uk
Dr. A.W. Tudhope, Grant Institute of Geology, Univ. Edinburgh, West mains
Road, Edinburch EH9 3JW United Kingdom, email: sandy.Tudhope@ed.ac.uk
Thank you.
Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Associate Dean, Professor
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan  5 07:35:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA06424; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 07:34:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA20207; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 07:36:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020201; Mon, 5 Jan 98 07:35:36 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA10323; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 12:31:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199801051231.MAA10323@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 3 Jan 1998 08:00:52 -0500
From: Robert Murray <rmurray@infochan.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Robert Murray <rmurray@infochan.com>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 2
On behalf of the Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory (Jamaica)
I would like to invite you to view our new web site at the
following address;
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_Laboratory/
DBML is a non-profit institution (a subsidiary of the
University of the West Indies) committed to coral reef
research and conservation. We would be most grateful if you
could help us by linking to our web site on your "links"
page (and any other page that might be appropriate).
Please let us know if this is possible.
Many thanks.
Robert Murray.
================================
ROBERT MURRAY  B.Sc. (Hons.), FGA,
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory,
PO Box 35, Discovery Bay,
Jamaica, West Indies.
rmurray@infochan.com
rmurray@uwimona.edu.jm
RobertMurray@compuserve.com
T. (876) 973 2946 / 2947
F. (876) 973 3091
================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan  5 21:11:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA16224; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22059; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022051; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02257; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:04:54 GMT
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:04:54 GMT
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Message-Id: <199801060204.CAA02257@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 3
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 06 Jan 1998 04:28:09 -0800
From: Peter Swart <PSwart@rsmas.miami.edu>
To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Sclerosponges
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Peter Swart <PSwart@rsmas.miami.edu>
To those interested in the use of sclerosponges for paleoclimatic purposes,
a workshop is being organized scheduled to take place in Miami Florida over
the weekend of March 21 to 23rd.  Those intersted in contributing and
participating should contact me ASAP.  Limited travel funds are available.
Further information can be obtained from the sclerosponge web site listed
below.
-----------------------------------------
Peter K. Swart
Professor and Chairman MGG
RSMAS
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,
Miami FL 33149
305 361 4103 (office)
305 361 4912 (lab)
305 361 4632
Home Page
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/pswart.htm
Stable Isotope Laboratory
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/index.htm
Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/csl/index.htm
Division Home Page
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mgg.html
Sclerosponge Web page
http://mgg.rsmas.miami.edu/mgg.htg/groups/sil/workshop.htm
-----------------------------------------
swart@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
-----------------------------------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan  5 21:11:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA16222; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:58 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22062; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022049; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02228; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:01:41 GMT
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:01:41 GMT
Message-Id: <199801060201.CAA02228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Eric Eisenhardt on leave 97/98 <erice@pangea.stanford.edu>
To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
cc: pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Galapagos - Bleaching?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Eric Eisenhardt on leave 97/98 <erice@pangea.stanford.edu>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 4
On Tue, 18 Nov 1997, Prof Alan E Strong wrote:
> SST have reached new highs around Galapagos -- nearly 28 deg C.  Our
> HotSpot charts [see bottom for URL] show potential now exists for high
> temp induced bleaching, associated with present El Nino.  This is the 1st
> time SSTs have been this high a several years.
>
As of Dec. 18-30 bleaching was observed first hand in Galapagos. Roughly
20% of polyps of roughly 80% of the coral I saw was bleached near the top
(mostly a brown lumpy coral, I don't know the name, anyone?) although I
was only able to visit Santa Cruz, Bartolome, Santa Fe, and Espanola; NOT
the islands typically known for large coral assembleges (Devil's Crown,
Isabella). Hope this helps.
-Eric
erice@pangea.stanford.edu
> Elsewhere around the globe potential areas for bleaching appear to be less
> than past years...as the Red Sea HotSpot has almost completely
> disappeared. [Have gotten no confirmation of bleaching in Cape Verdes, as
> conditions are now a bit less harsh.]
>
> Appreciate any feedback.
>
> Cheers,
> Al
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> 				Alan E. Strong
> Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			  Adj Assoc Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711H		    Oceanography Department
>  -- US Postal Service --  -- UPS/FedEx --           Annapolis, MD 21402
>  4700 Silver Hill Road    5200 Auth Road              410-293-6566[V-mail]
>  Stop 9910		  Camp Springs, MD 20746      410-293-2137 [FAX]
>  Washington, DC 20233-9910			     strong@nadn.navy.mil
> 		Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov		   ---UNTIL: 31 Dec 1997--
>     301-763-8102 x170	FAX: 301-763-8108
>         http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan  5 21:14:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA16223; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:10:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA22060; Mon, 5 Jan 1998 21:12:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022050; Mon, 5 Jan 98 21:11:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02242; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:03:28 GMT
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 02:03:28 GMT
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Message-Id: <199801060203.CAA02242@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 5
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 5 Jan 1998 19:22:25 -0400
From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <KBB@ibl.bm>
To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bahamas Pot Fishing
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <KBB@ibl.bm>
Dear Coral Listers,
At a recent conference of the Center for Marine Conservation, I learned of
the Bahamas National Trust's fight against pot fishing within coastal
waters.  This method of fishing involves throwing a non-bouyed fish pot off
a boat and GPS marking the spot.  Upon return to the GPS site, a hook type
device is used to rake the ocean floor for pots causing untold reef damage.
The BNT is fighting powerful off-shore money as non-Bahamians can come in
and start fishing businesses with little local ownership.  I was asked to
send a letter to the local Bahamian newspapers highlighting some of the
dangers, which I gladly did.
As many of you are aware, Bermuda banned pot fishing 8 years ago.
Initially there was tremedous controversy, but the results have been well
worth the fight.  Our fish stocks are definately on the mend and public
awareness has increased tremendously.
If anyone would like to support this initiative, can relay more details, or
cares to correct me, kindly do so directly at kbb@ibl.bm.
Sincerely,
Vanese Flood
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan  6 11:31:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA19693; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 11:01:17 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA07843; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 11:02:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007770; Tue, 6 Jan 98 11:01:44 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01106; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 15:57:37 GMT
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 15:57:37 GMT
Message-Id: <199801061557.PAA01106@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Subject lines
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 6
I apologize for the lack of proper "Subject" headings on some of the
coral-list messages going out under the new configuration.  I appreciate
your patience and hope to have it fixed soon.
	Cheers,
	JCH
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan  6 12:19:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA21593; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 12:19:10 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA13757; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 12:20:39 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013743; Tue, 6 Jan 98 12:20:10 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA01535; Tue, 6 Jan 1998 17:16:36 GMT
Message-Id: <199801061716.RAA01535@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Nick Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 6 Jan 1998 16:57:29 +0000
Subject: Two posts: UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: "Nick Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 7
UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE, NE1 7RU, UK
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management
Applications are invited for two posts available on NERC funded
projects.
Project 1 - Alternative states in species diverse marine benthic
communities
A Post-doc (PDRA) is required to work on a study of effects of fishery
exploitation in traditional Fijian fishing-grounds on coral-reef
community structure with Dr Nicholas Polunin (PI), Dr Richard Warwick
(Plymouth Marine Laboratory) and Prof. Robin South (Univ. of the South
Pacific). The PDRA will need appropriate tropical research experience,
advanced SCUBA certification and demonstrated statistical skills. The
post is funded for 21/2 years from 1 April 1998, and approximately 18
months will be spent doing field work in Fiji.
Project 2 - Patterns of recovery of coral reefs
A Research Associate (PGRA) position is available for research into
the temporal and spatial patterns of recovery of coral reefs from
physical damage. The project will be supervised by Drs Susan Clark,
Alasdair Edwards and Martin Le Tissier and is funded under the NERC
Connect B scheme in collaboration with the international maritime
insurance industry. Applicants should have a good bachelor's or
master's degree in a relevant subject, preferably with field
experience of coral reef research, advanced SCUBA certification and
good communication and practical skills. The successful candidate will
be expected to spend extensive periods working in Egypt. The post is
funded for 3 years from 1 April 1998.
The salary for both posts will be at the appropriate point according
to qualifications and experience on the Grade 1A scale (PDRA)
stlg15,159-27,785 and the Grade 1B scale (PGRA) stlg15,159-stlg16,927.
Applications including a full CV and names and addresses of three
referees should be sent to the Department of Marine Sciences and
Coastal Management, Ridley Building, University of Newcastle,
Newcastle upon Tyne, NE17RU by not later than 31 January 1998.
Enquiries and further particulars:
Project 1 - Dr NVC Polunin Tel (0191) 2226675, Fax (0191) 2227891,
e-mail n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk
Project 2 - Dr AJ Edwards Tel (0191) 2226663, Fax (0191) 2227891,
e-mail a.j.edwards@ncl.ac.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan  7 07:55:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA29093; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 07:55:31 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10252; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 07:56:59 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010234; Wed, 7 Jan 98 07:56:19 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA03834; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:46:24 GMT
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:46:24 GMT
Message-Id: <199801071246.MAA03834@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Moderated coral-list
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 8
Dear Esteemed Coral-Listers,
	Sorry for the extra bandwidth, but I think it is necessary at this
juncture to remind but a few of the subscribers to coral-list of
appropriate subjects for posting.  This list is primarily for coral reef
researchers and others engaged in furthering the knowledge and protection
of coral reef ecosystems.  It is NOT meant to be a vehicle for personal or
commercial advertisements or aggrandizement, and you can no longer post to
this list if you are not a member.  (Membership is now a little more
restricted, too, since spammers seem to have been attacking the list of
late.)
	Moderating the list is a double-edged sword.  I don't want to
stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I
think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes
I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at
least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if
you feel it is improper.  If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't
come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try
to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is
appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light.
	Although there are additional suitable subjects of discussion,
here are the more common ones:
	o  bleaching or spawning events
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases
	o  high predation on coral reefs
	o  environmental monitoring sites
	o  shipwrecks on reefs
	o  international meetings and symposia
	o  funding opportunities
	o  marine sanctuary news
	o  new coral-related publications or abstracts from them
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
	o  coral health initiatives
	o  new and historical data availability
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology
	o  recent reports on coral research
	I'm open to suggestions and differing viewpoints, so let me have
them if you feel so inclined.
	Take care,
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan  7 10:12:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA01161; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 10:12:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA16062; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 10:13:52 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016058; Wed, 7 Jan 98 10:13:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA04228; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 15:02:29 GMT
Message-Id: <199801071502.PAA04228@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 16:47:16 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Required: water chemistry info....
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 9
Dear fellow Coral-Listers,
First off, allow me to wish you all the best for 1998 - may it be a
good year for us, and particularly the reefs.....
I am looking to do some water chemistry measurements, but
to be honest, haven't a clue where to start......
Can some kind soul out there give me some references that
would guide me about that taking of nitrates, phosphates,
bicarbonates..... and all the rest of it......and inform me a bit
about the methods?
Sorry for the rather broad request, but like I said, I am
clueless about this one.......
Regards,
Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan  7 12:58:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA03093; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:58:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21230; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 12:59:54 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021221; Wed, 7 Jan 98 12:59:51 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA04826; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 17:47:21 GMT
Message-Id: <199801071747.RAA04826@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 11:14:37 -0800
From: Pascal Collotte <pascal.collotte@yale.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 10
Reply to: pascal.collotte@yale.edu
Sender: coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Pascal Collotte <pascal.collotte@yale.edu>
I fully agree with moderating the list and would like to add some subjects
which I feel are of prime interest. I give you the following examples as
food for thoughts.
1- Job openings in the field of reef protection or sustainable use,
2- I have not seen any posting from industrial users of the corals i.e.
from medical sphere using corals as a replacement for bones or
pharmaceutical companies in search for remedies.
I belive it would be healthy to hear from such parties.
[Moderator's note: Archived coral-list messages, which have some
 discussions of these topics, can be found at:
 http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov (see "List-Server for Coral Reef
    Researchers")]
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan  7 19:44:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA10422; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:44:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA03907; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:46:04 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003901; Wed, 7 Jan 98 19:45:59 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA06082; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 00:38:12 GMT
Message-Id: <199801080038.AAA06082@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 14:00:57 -0500 (EST)
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleaching/Galapagos SST: In-situ vs AVHRR (fwd)
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 11
To Whom it may concern --
The Information hiway works!!
Jerry Wellington has just confirmed our AVHRR SSTs as bleaching has
apparently begun in the Galapagos over Christmas....so that's why they
call it El Nino!  Seems like AVHRR is right on the money...see below.
Cheers,
Al
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 07 Jan 1998 12:11:29 -0600
From: Jerry Wellington <wellington@UH.EDU>
To: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil>
Subject: Re: Galapagos
Just got the SST data for Academy Bay in Galapagos for the month of
December;  On Dec 18 it was 27.3, then on 19th 28.1, by 23rd it was 28.5,
on the 31st  28.3.  Sounds like the satellite data and local therometer
data agree well.
Cheers,  Jerry
At 11:48 AM 1/7/98 -0500, you wrote:
>I have just been checking the satellite SST coutour analysis for the
>eastern tropical Pacific.  It appears that SSTs around the Galapagos went
>from just shy of 28C for the interval Dec 13-16 to....nearly 28.5C during
>the interval Dec 20-23!  This impressive jump at the critical threshold
>temp of approx 28C may have been what gave Eric his 'first hand' glimpse
>of bleaching from this El Nino.  Now: Jan 3-6 is up at the NESDIS WebSite
>and temps are almost up to 29C! -- ouch!  I also see that down the
>coastline off Peru temps have risen nearly 1 deg C since Dec 13-16...
>
>http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/contour.html
>
>Al
>
>**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
>Alan E. Strong
>  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer			 Adj Assoc Res Professor
>  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3			   US Naval Academy
>  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W	     	   Oceanography Department
>   5200 Auth Road 				   Annapolis, MD 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746				410-293-6550
>Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170	FAX: 301-763-8108
>http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan  7 19:44:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA10421; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:44:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA03910; Wed, 7 Jan 1998 19:46:04 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003902; Wed, 7 Jan 98 19:45:59 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA06045; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 00:34:59 GMT
Message-Id: <199801080034.AAA06045@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 16:56:19 -0400
From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <kbb@ibl.bm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bahamas Fishpot Ban
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <kbb@ibl.bm>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 12
>Hi Coral Listers,
>Regarding my prior message re the above.  I have been corrected!  The
>Bahamas National Trust is not involved in the movement to ban pot fishing.
>I am awaiting further information and will update you as soon as possible.
>Kind regards,
>Vanese Flood
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan  8 08:33:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA14353; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 08:33:50 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA13205; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 08:35:21 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013196; Thu, 8 Jan 98 08:35:16 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07169; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 13:26:19 GMT
Message-Id: <199801081326.NAA07169@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@dds.nl>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:47:52 +0100
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@dds.nl>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 13
Hi everyone,
A wonderful 1998 to all of you!
> 	Moderating the list is a double-edged sword.  I don't want to
> stifle freedom of speech, but I don't want to burden others with what I
> think most of us consider as subjects unsuitable for this list. Sometimes
> I may goof and post something which might be considered improper or at
> least in the gray area, and I hope you'll bear with me, but let me know if
> you feel it is improper.  If you attempt to post a message, but it doesn't
> come through in a day or two (it may not make it out right away if you try
> to post it on a weekend), and you feel it is definitely something that is
> appropriate, please let me know and I may see the light.
>
I respect Jim's worries about our burdens and the measures he
has taken to reduce them, but I do have severe reservations against
moderating the list. I agree that spam is irritating, that it is an
increasing problem and that action should be taken. However, I don't
like the idea that one person selects what is appropriate or not.
(Jim, no personal offence meant: I am sure you are doing a
considerate and honest job!) The essence of the internet is that it
is free and fast.  I feel it should stay that way. Selecting messages
and a few days interval don't agree with this principle. (Aside from
the practical objections: this is a lot of work for Jim and what
happens when he gets ill?) The problems can be split in 2 categories.
1. Spam or random advertisements. Basically the same thing as
billboards that appear nowadays along almost every road outside
Antartica. The majordomo program allows the option that only members
of the coral-list can post messages on the list. I agree with Jim's
decision to moderate the membership of the list (previously everyone
could automatically become a member, now Jim personally acknowledges
every request to become a member). He can filter possible spammers
from honest coral researchers. I think that should be sufficient. As
long as spammers can't become a member, they can't post anything on
the list. If anyone slips through, Jim can remove the person and put
the sender's address on a black list, never to be allowed on again.
Moderating membership is a lot less work than moderating every
message.
2. Unnecessary broad messages. For example those constantly appearing
"unsubscribe" messages. I don't experience this too much as a
problem. Unlike billboards it is little effort to click delete and
it's gone. There are more serious messages on this list that
simply don't interest me as they are out of my field of research than
really unfit posts. Sometimes my attention is drawn to
things I hadn't heard/read of. That is the strength of having a list
like this. We are all in this together and we can control ourselves
and each other. I don't believe we need a "policeman" to select what
is useful or not. In a meeting, do we first ask permission from the
president to say what we want to say? Generally there is no need to
for such control, I think. The freedom of speech and speed of the
list are more important to me.
Just my two cents....
Good luck, GJ.
===============================================
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@dds.nl>
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research
Department of Marine Ecology
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands.
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674.
NIOZ home pages: http://www.NIOZ.nl
PLEASE CHANGE MY ADDRESS TO gjgast@DDS.NL in your
addresslist. The address gjgast@nioz.nl will terminate
some time in the future. gjgast@hotmail is a second
back up address, but I don't look there often.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan  8 11:59:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA17293; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:59:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA23515; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:00:49 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023507; Thu, 8 Jan 98 12:00:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07983; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:48:07 GMT
Message-Id: <199801081648.QAA07983@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 7 Jan 1998 01:11:24 -0500 (EST)
From: Ben Richards <blrF94@hamp.hampshire.edu>
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        caribb_study@admin1.bc.edu
Subject: Graduating senior looking for research position.
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Ben Richards <blrF94@hamp.hampshire.edu>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 14
My apologies for any and all cross postings...
To whom it may concern -
	Let me introduce myself.  My name is Benjamin Richards.  I will
be graduating from Hampshire College, Amherst, Massachusetts, in May of
1998.  At Hampshire I have been studying Marine Ecology and have taken
many classes in the subject at Hampshire, Smith College, Mt. Holyoke
College, The University of Massachusetts, and Duke University.  I have
also taken part in several research projects working through Hampshire
College, Duke University, and the University of Washington.
	I have been a member of the "Marbio," "Coral," and "Caribbean"
listserves for about three years, and have done my best to read
everything that has streamed into my mailbox.  Many of these messages
have introduced me to new marine laboratories and the scientists working
at them.  Two of my most interesting and educational summer positions
have come directly from contacts made through the "Marbio" listserve.
	With my graduation imminent, I am looking to make contact with
many of those scientists I have talked with in the past, and many with
whom I have not yet spoken, to inquire about current job openings in the
field of Marine Ecology.  I am looking for a  research positio lasting at
least a year, and am especialy interested in one which would allow me to
continue working while pursuing a graduate education (which I have
tentative plans to begin around the fall of 1998).
	I am most interested in positions concerning fish population
ecology, especially in coral reef ecosystems, but welcome information on
other positions as well.  As for practical experience in the field, the
two summer research seasons, which I mention above, took place at the
Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory (University of Washington) where I spent
one summer assisiting a postdoctoral researcher, studying the effects of
current regime and habitat structure on juvenile rockfish.  The second
summer I assisted another postdoctoral researcher studying the effects of
Marine Protected Areas on older rockfish populations as well as their
effects on red abalone populations on the northern California coast.  I
have also spent a semester at the Bermuda Biological Station studying
coral reef fish populations.  These experiences have convinced me that
Marine Ecology, and especially coral reef fish ecology, is the field I
would like to pursue.
	I thank in advance all that respond to this message.  I am happy
to provide a copy of my CV to all who are interested.  I look forward to
talking with you in the future and hope that the holiday season finds you
well.
				Sincerely,
				Ben Richards
				Hampshire College #928
				Amherst, MA  01002-5001
				(413) 549-4600
				brichards@hampshire.edu
				http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/index.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan  8 11:59:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA17301; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 11:59:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA23522; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 12:00:50 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023506; Thu, 8 Jan 98 12:00:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07976; Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:46:43 GMT
Date: Thu, 8 Jan 1998 16:46:43 GMT
Message-Id: <199801081646.QAA07976@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Moderated List: Good News, Bad News
Sender: coral@aoml.noaa.gov
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 15
The Good News
-------------
(1)  I have discovered how most spammers have been getting through,
	and have corrected the situation (I hope).
(2)  Subscribing and unsubscribing requests no longer have to be
	approved, because of item (1) above.
(3)  Since the whole reason behind moderating the list was to
	stop or reduce spamming, I can re-open the list to
	unrestriced postings by members of coral-list.
(4)  We will again see great news concerning coral reef research
	in a timely (almost immediate) fashion
(5)  My choice of what is "appropriate" won't suppress freedom
	of speech.
The Bad News
------------
(1)  Because the list will no longer be moderated, you will continue
	to see occasional irksome messages posted directly to
	coral-list:
	a)  "Please (un)subscribe me to coral-list..."
		[Send to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov instead]
	b)  "Hi, my name is Zeke, and I need a job/degreee/loan..."
		[Sometimes coral-list is a proper forum, but not
		usually.  Please consider your messages carefully.]
	c)  "Could everybody please research the literature
		on coral X for me, then send me everything ever
		written on the subject?  Oh, and make it snappy,
		will ya'?"
		[These messages might be appropriate for folks
		who are far removed from good library sources,
		so we should bear with them.]
(2)  Spammers can subscribe, post their junk, then unsubscribe, but
	at least under the new configuration I'll be able to
	see who they are (usually), and I can alert their Systems
	Administrator.  This usually means they'll be kicked off
	their system, as well as coral-list.
(3)  Under the new configuration, if messages to you bounce, you
	may be put on a "bounces" mailing list.  Messages will
	be sent to you from this list, until they get through.
	At that time, you will have to unsubscribe from bounces
	and resubscribe to coral-list.  Because of this,
	**PLEASE** try to remember to unsubscribe from the list
	under your old email address, then resubscribe under
	the new email address.  Also, if you anticipate a
	reconfiguration of your domain name (e.g., smart.univ.edu
	vs. really.smart.univ.edu), you may want to let me
	know.
-----------------
I hope this will be acceptable to everybody.  I will now post
some messages that were formerly in the queue for "acceptance"
by the moderator.
	Cheers,
	jch
	coral-list administrator
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"You can't please everyone, so you've got to please yourself..."
              -- From a classic American song by Ricky Nelsen --
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:19:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05286; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:40 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06059; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006020; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:50 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00998; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:38 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA00993; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:34 -0500
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:34 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Tropical Field Stations (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100526.925D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 16
To: coral-list
From: Vicki.Hall@jcu.edu.au
Subject: Tropical Field Stations
Dear Coral List Members,
I have recently compiled a list of Tropical Marine Field Stations from
around the world.  I have also included organisations that have provided
logistical support in areas without research stations.  Please note that
this assistance is usually provided only through collaboration with existing
scientific staff or managers.
Many members on the coral-list have provided me with information about the
location of field stations and to each and everyone of you I would like to
extend a huge thank-you. Additional information was obtained from the
reference: Eldredge, L.G.  1989 Coral Reef Research Facilities of the World.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, and by
scanning recent publications and the web. For anyone who may be interested I
have
attached the list to this message (Resstat1.doc).  This list is by no means
complete and may contain errors so I welcome any comments and corrections.
Again, please address these to me personally: Vicki.Hall@jcu.edu.au
Best Wishes
Vicki Hall
Department of Marine Biology
James Cook University
Townsville  Qld 4811
Australia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:19:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05285; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:41 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06049; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:13 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006021; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:51 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00990; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:26 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA00985; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:22 -0500
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:22 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100511.925C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 17
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 09 Jan 1998 09:18:44 -0400
From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri <avk.uneprcuja@toj.com>
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list
Dear coral-list administrator and subscribers:
I would like to suggest that  "Coral reef protection/conservation
programmes" be also included as a suitable subject of discussion in the list.
The organization which I represent has been promoting coral reef
conservation for nearly two decades and its currently involved in
supporting coral reef monitoring and outreach activities in the Wider
Caribbean. We work through governmental and non-governmental institutions
(including scientific and research institutions). I believe it will be
useful for the list to include information on ongoing programmes relevant
to coral reef conservation. I hope you all agree.
Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri
Caribbean Environment Programme
United Nations Environment Programme
14-20 Port Royal Street
Kingston, Jamaica
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 10:23:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05288; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:19:42 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06056; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:20:15 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006018; Tue, 13 Jan 98 10:19:50 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00983; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 15:05:13 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA00975; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:05 -0500
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 10:05:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Moderated list (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100455.925B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 18
[ Sorry this didn't go out earlier.  We've had some problems with
  the mail system. ]
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Ben Richards <blrF94@hamp.hampshire.edu>
To: coral-list
Subject: Re: Moderated coral-list
Dear coral-listers,
	I would like to second Gert Jan Gast's message concerning the
moderation of our list.  Spamming is certianly annoying and I think we
would all like to see it go the way of the dinosaurs.  As for the broad
and sometimes uninteresting messages, I think the few that turn out to be
interesting, yet out of my field, outway the many I have to delete.
Let's try to keep the spamming out while keeping the list broad, fun, and
interesting.  As a note: Jim, you're doing a great job.  Thanks a million.
Ben Richards
Marine Ecology Student
Hampshire College
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 13 13:25:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA08173; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:25:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA15406; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:26:37 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015391; Tue, 13 Jan 98 13:26:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA01573; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 18:22:34 GMT
Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA01568; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:22:29 -0500
Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost)
	by winnie.fit.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id NAA09774
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:18:04 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 13:18:03 -0500 (EST)
From: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Summer course announcement
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100511.925C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980113131133.8400B-100000@winnie.fit.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 19
	Dr. Mark Bush and I are offering a 6-week summer course in marine
and terrestrial biology of Australian ecosystems.  The course, designed
primarily for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, will
include extensive field investigations of coral reefs, marine temperate
environments, tropical rainforests and other Australian habitats.  Please
contact me directly if you'd like more information about the course.
	Jon Shenker
	Department of Biological Sciences
	Florida Institute of Technology
	150 West University Boulevard
	Melbourne, FL 32901  USA
	407-768-8000 ext. 8145
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 00:24:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA11952; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:24:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA29875; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:25:39 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029867; Wed, 14 Jan 98 00:25:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA02926; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 05:22:53 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA02921; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 00:22:48 -0500
Received: (qmail 11781 invoked by uid 0); 14 Jan 1998 05:20:32 -0000
Message-ID: <19980114052032.11780.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 206.101.197.230 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:20:31 PST
X-Originating-IP: [206.101.197.230]
From: "michelle reyes" <mzreyes@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: sediment from road construction on a Philippine reef
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Tue, 13 Jan 1998 21:20:31 PST
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 20
A few months ago , sand and soil from a road construction site in the
Southern Philippines was dumped directly off the mountainside into  the
sea below . Now 3-4 km of coral reefs are in danger from the resulting
sediment overload and the corals right at the "dumpsite" are  starting
to die off. Any suggestions on damage control  measures that can be
applied immediately or any advice on minimizing further damage to the
reef / controlling the sediment at the source would be most welcome.
Thanks!
                                 Michelle Reyes
                                e-mail : mzreyes@hotmail.com
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 13:10:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA18389; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 13:10:36 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA17576; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 13:12:06 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017549; Wed, 14 Jan 98 13:11:25 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA04230; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 17:58:37 GMT
Received: from calafia.uabcs.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA04225; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 12:58:12 -0500
Received: by calafia.uabcs.mx (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA11335; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:56:59 -0600
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 10:56:59 -0600 (CST)
From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
To: Lista de arrecifes de coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral mortality
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.980114105305.12743C-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 21
	Dear coraleros:
	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
	Hector Reyes
	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 15:16:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA20031; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:15:46 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA24898; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:17:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024875; Wed, 14 Jan 98 15:16:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA04518; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:10:35 GMT
Received: from mail.whoi.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04513; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:10:25 -0500
Received: from orangppp ([128.128.25.35]) by mail.whoi.edu
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with SMTP id AAA5B54;
          Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:07:54 -0500
Message-ID: <34BD465F.56B@whoi.edu>
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 15:12:31 -0800
From: "Anne Cohen" <acohen@whoi.edu>
Reply-To: acohen@whoi.edu
Organization: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win16; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
CC: Lista de arrecifes de coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral mortality
References: <Pine.A32.3.91.980114105305.12743C-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 22
Hector Reyes Bonilla wrote:
>
>         Dear coraleros:
>         I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
> bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
> or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
> several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
> of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
> of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>         Hector Reyes
>         UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>         La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
Dear Hector,
Your deduction is an interesting one. During your observations, were you
able to tell whether the colonies had been killed by bleaching and were
subsequently overgrown by algae, or whether they had bleached, weakened
and then been killed by algal overgrowth ?  In my experience, many
bleached colonies maintain live polyps throughout the bleaching event.
These colonies generally recover, probably because they are able to
prevent algae from colonising/settling on the surface of the coral.
Bleached colonies which lose their polyps as a consequence of bleaching
are overgrown by algae in a matter of days or weeks.
I posted this reply list-wide because I would be interested to hear
others' comments on this subject
Regards,
Anne Cohen.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 16:14:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA20743; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:14:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27590; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:15:36 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027530; Wed, 14 Jan 98 16:15:04 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA04606; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 21:09:50 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA04601; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:09:46 -0500
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.19]) by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.5/8.6.9) with SMTP id QAA15486 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:07:27 -0500
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:07:27 -0500
Message-Id: <199801142107.QAA15486@umigw.miami.edu>
X-Sender: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Coral mortality
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 23
>Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14
>To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
>From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
>Subject: Re: Coral mortality
>
>Dear Hector:
>
>The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality
in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges.  In mid-colonies, tissues
start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the
semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc.  Given the simple
tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on
the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really
constitute a defense of the skeleton.  Not sure if you see my point, but
something to think about.
>
>Alina Szmant
>
>
>At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote:
>>	Dear coraleros:
>>	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
>>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
>>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
>>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
>>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
>>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>>	Hector Reyes
>>	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>>	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
>>
>>
>>
>
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 16:37:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA20940; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:37:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA28817; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:38:45 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028811; Wed, 14 Jan 98 16:38:22 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA04646; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 21:34:00 GMT
Received: from dub-img-5.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA04641; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:33:55 -0500
Received: (from mailgate@localhost)
	by dub-img-5.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id QAA28262
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:31:36 -0500 (EST)
Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 16:30:57 -0500
From: Douglas Fenner <DFenner@compuserve.com>
Subject: coralist: Ship grounding in Mexico
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199801141631_MC2-2F4E-D231@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA20940
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 24
Coralisters;
On December 17th the cruise ship  "Leeward" of the Norwegian Cruise Line
 from Miami hit the reef called "Cuevones" located on Mujeres Bay, right
across from Cancun in Quintana Roo, Mexico, damaging the reef along a strip
75 meters long and 6.30 meters wide, according to Mexican Environmental
authorities.
 We are wondering what's going to happen now, are the authorities going to
 fine the cruise line?  What is a reef's value?  I remember some time ago
 a ship damaged a reef in Florida and the US government some how estimated
the
 cost of the damage done.  Have you any information on this or similar ship
damage and legal actions?  If you have it can you send it to me?  Thank you
very much for this. Best wishes for next year and good health, Jose
M.Castello
Please reply directly to Jose M. Castello at  picoczml@www.cozumel.com.mx
   (instead of using the reply button-thanks!)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 14 20:31:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA22026; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:31:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA03603; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:32:52 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003596; Wed, 14 Jan 98 20:32:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA05079; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 01:29:40 GMT
Received: from cc.nsysu.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA05074; Wed, 14 Jan 1998 20:29:34 -0500
Received: from [140.117.93.120] ([140.117.93.120])
	by cc.nsysu.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id JAA23112
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:25:33 +0800 (CST)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:25:33 +0800 (CST)
Message-Id: <v01550102b0e38280f2de@[140.117.93.120]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K. Soong)
Subject: Coral mortality
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 25
Dear Hector,  Alina and Coral listers:
I observed, in Panama, that bleached Porites have thinner tissues than
unbleached Porites, after decalcification of skeleton.  Whether this will
result in weaker defence of corals against algae is beyond me.
In Taiwan, bleaching event occurred REGULARLY near the outlet of a power
plant in summer.  So, bleaching does not kill the corals.  But if bleaching
extended for several months, then a lot of corals die.  It seems to me that
the duration of bleaching is critical in causing coral mortality.
Keryea Soong
 >>Date: Wed, 14 Jan 1998 14:37:14
>>To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
>>From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
>>Subject: Re: Coral mortality
>>
>>Dear Hector:
>>
>>The problem with that hypothesis is that it won't explain coral mortality
>in the middles of colonies as opposed to edges.  In mid-colonies, tissues
>start to thin because of decreased food supply etc., and then the
>semi-exposed skeletons become colonized by algae etc.  Given the simple
>tissue structure of corals, there may be some "live tissue" still left on
>the skeleton at the time the colonization begins, but not enough to really
>constitute a defense of the skeleton.  Not sure if you see my point, but
>something to think about.
>>
>>Alina Szmant
>>
>>
>>At 10:56 AM 1/14/98 -0600, you wrote:
>>>	Dear coraleros:
>>>	I have been looking for data on why corals die after they were
>>>bleached. In the beginning, I thought that it was a physiological problem
>>>or so, but after following bleached corals in the Gulf of California for
>>>several months, I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
>>>of other species (mostly algae), and not by "natural causes". Do you know
>>>of any paper doing explicit reference of this? Thanks.
>>>	Hector Reyes
>>>	UABCS, Depto. Biologia Marina
>>>	La Paz, BCS, MEXICO
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>
>**********************************************
>Dr. Alina M. Szmant
>Coral Reef Research Group
>RSMAS-MBF
>University of Miami
>4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
>Miami FL 33149
>
>TEL: (305)361-4609
>FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
>E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
>**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 02:35:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA23051; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:35:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA07473; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:36:51 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007469; Thu, 15 Jan 98 02:35:53 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA05458; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:26:13 GMT
Received: from unpsun1.cc.unp.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA05453; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 02:25:52 -0500
Received: from smtp.unp.ac.za (smtp.unp.ac.za [143.128.32.2]) by unpsun1.cc.unp.ac.za (8.6.12/8.6.9) with SMTP id JAA12964 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:27:12 +0200
Received: from UNP-Message_Server by smtp.unp.ac.za
	with Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:14:32 +0200
Message-Id: <s4bdd378.049@smtp.unp.ac.za>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:23:57 +0200
From: Jan Korrubel <korrubelj@math.unp.ac.za>
To: hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral mortality by algae -Reply
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 26
Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>asked:
...I observed that most of them die because of overgrowing
of other species (mostly algae).....Do you know of any paper
doing explicit reference of this?
>> I have the following reference:
KEATS, D.W.; CHAMBERLAIN, Y.M. & BABA, M.  1997.
Pneophyllum conicum (Dawson) comb. Nov. (Rhodophyta,
Corallinaceae), a widespread Indo-Pacific non-geniculate alga
that overgrows and kills live coral.  Botanica Marina 40(4):
263-279.
>> Hopes it's of some use.
Regards,
Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 07:43:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA23880; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:43:11 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10286; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:44:43 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010253; Thu, 15 Jan 98 07:43:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA05922; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:37:39 GMT
Received: from denmark.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA05917; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 07:37:34 -0500
Received: from [38.26.12.50] (ip50.an1-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.12.50])
	by denmark.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA15417
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 04:35:09 -0800 (PST)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 04:35:09 -0800 (PST)
X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <l03130300b0e36ce92a6c@[38.26.16.6]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA23880
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 27
Response to Hector Reyes' Posting:
Reefs in the past probably bounced back after bleaching events that were
due to increased sea-surface temperatures. This stress induced the
expulsion of symbiotic macroalgae (zooxanthellae). Observations of photos
and field studies from Papua New Guinea (Pacific) show signs of
recolonization one year after a 1994-95 bleaching event. This could be due
to low incidence of stressors outside the increased temperature realm.
Kimbe Bay, in New Britain (Papua New Guinea),  has a low population of
divers, and development. Macroalgae overgrowth was minimal after the '95
bleaching event.
Degrees of bleaching, within and among coral colonies and across reef
communities, are highly variable and difficult to quantify (Glynn P. Global
Change Biology, 1996).  Some species are more susceptible to temperature
stress (bleaching) than others, I have seen bleached colonies of M.
cavernosa & franksi directly next to unbleached Diploria and Siderastrea
colonies.
Questions: 1) are these observations localized or are they observations of
the whole region? 2) Supporting Ann Cohen's question, "Are you sure these
corals were killed by bleaching?," were they stressed/bleached for a few
months and then killed by macroalgal overgrowth"? Localized bleaching might
be due to anthropogenic stressors such as pollution, sewage runoff,
agricultural runoff, storm damage, and sedimentation.
Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale
bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar
irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93,  Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau &
Hayes, '94, Ambio).
NOAA satellite-derived sea-surface temperature records at seven Atlantic
reef locations show that mass bleaching events took place following the
warmest periods recorded. Hot spot data can provide scientists with
information to predict future global bleaching events (Goreau, Hayes, '94,
Ambio).
After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the corals'
metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That
leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped
(growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue
necrosis. A decrease in growth rate could reduce the capacity of corals to
compete favorably for space with algal turf, coralline algae, unfavorable
macrophytic algae, sponges and tunicates. After temperature stress, we now
have a stressed coral with no ability to compete with unfavorable
microphytic algae, that will soon colonize the coral. In the Journal of
Coral Reefs (1997 16:168) "Reef SitesTitled Epizoic red alga alleopathic(?)
to a Caribbean coral," shows Dasyopsis colonizing and killing M. decactis
off Caicos Island. The microphyte had recruited and colonized on the tops
of the coral in an outward direction growing directly on the living coral
tissue, which later died. According to Mark Littler and Diane Littler; the
cause of coral death, hypothetically, appeared to be an allelochemical
interaction. According to the published literature, the only other source
of epizootic alga deadly to reef building corals is black band disease
(BBD, also known as Phormidium corallyctium) (Ruetzler & Santavy 83;
Richardson, L. AMLC Symposium 97). Coral reefs subject to adverse
environmental conditions, BBD may play an important role in restructuring
the community and may be contributing to the demise of reefs observed in
Jamaica (Bruckner A. & Bruckner R. 1997). Coastal waters around Jamaica are
highly eutrophic and under siege from a wide variety of anthropogenic
stresses that recruitment/recolonization is minimal. Cyanobacterial
invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and zooxanthellae,
increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the
surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to
the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting
a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate
reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84).
According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s, I
have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from
eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess
nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!)
Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic?
The role of nutrient enrichment as a concomitant factor enhancing the
growth rate and carrying capacity of the macroalgal overgrowth on corals
needs to be investigated following bleaching events. Coral reefs are
susceptible to nutrient enrichment due to the low thresholds for dissolved
inorganic nitrogen (DIN;1.0M) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP; 0.1M)
Bell, 1992.) Corals compete for space with macroalgae and turf algae and
the competitive results are influenced by growth rates and nutrient
availability. Eutrophication increases the biomass of macroalgae, however,
also reduces the reproductive rates of hermatypic reef corals (Tomascik,
1991), and inhabits coral larval settlement and survival (LaPointe et al.
95).
In Conclusion: And in aggreeance with Dr. LaPointe; "coastal eutropication
needs to be vigorously confronted by scientists and resource managers"
Bleaching events have been more frequent in the past 20 years, monitoring
the effects of eutropication, and coral reef diseases after such events is
the key factor in understanding the dynamics of coral reefs of the next
century. This being the International Year of The Ocean should be the year
to also support the goals established from the Year of The Reef!
Comments are welcome! James M. Cervino
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 09:53:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA25005; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:53:54 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA14261; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:55:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014232; Thu, 15 Jan 98 09:54:44 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA06206; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:51:03 GMT
Received: from toj.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA06200; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:50:51 -0500
Received: from internet.compaq by toj.com (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id JAA18176; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:47:22 -0500
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980115095107.006c93ec@mail.toj.com>
X-Sender: avk.uneprcuja@mail.toj.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 09:51:07 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri <avk.uneprcuja@toj.com>
Subject: Symposium announcement
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 28
Dear coral-list subscribers:
This announcement/reminder is about the forthcoming International Tropical
Marine Ecosystmes Management Symposium (ITMEMS) to be held in Townsville,
Australia, 23-26 November 1998. The Symposium is coordinated by the
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) and  its Secretariat currently
hosted in Australia at the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority.
ITMEMs will serve as a major forum for discussion of management covering
social, administrative, legal, economic and community information issues,
as well as research and monitoring for management. It will have a key role
in the ICRI review and prioirty identification process that emphasises
continuous improvement in management.
UNEP's Regional Coordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme,
as contact point for ICRI in the region is helping with the coordinating of
participation from the Wider Caribbean at the Symposium. We would like to
have a good and active representation from the Wider Caribbean (this
includes relevant countries in Latin America). Let us know if you are
interested in attenting, about papers you would like to present and isssues
you would like to see addressed. Participants are responsible for their own
expenses but with enough time we could help you look for funding. For Wider
Caribbean coordination contact me at above address.
For further info on the Symposium, contact the ICRI Secretariat directly at:
john_baldwin@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au
Best regards,
Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri
UNEP, CAR/RCU
Kingston, Jamaica
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 10:51:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA25796; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:51:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA17195; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:52:46 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xmaa17190; Thu, 15 Jan 98 10:52:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA06352; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 15:40:30 GMT
Received: from santamarta.cetcol.net.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA06347; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:40:15 -0500
Received: from localhost (caricomp@localhost)
	by santamarta.cetcol.net.co (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id KAA16781
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:36:07 +0500 (GMT)
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 10:36:07 +0500 (GMT)
From: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Underwater paper
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980115102916.16431A-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 29
Dear listers,
There were a discussion about underwater paper some months ago in this
list.  Unfortunately I lost the address of the people that sell this
paper. Does anybody have it?  Please answer only to my E-mail
Thanking you in advance,
Diego Luis Gil A.
INVEMAR
caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 15 14:43:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA28191; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:43:42 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA29095; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:45:13 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029084; Thu, 15 Jan 98 14:44:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07176; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 19:23:03 GMT
Received: from calafia.uabcs.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA07171; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 14:22:55 -0500
Received: by calafia.uabcs.mx (AIX 3.2/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA08495; Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:21:43 -0600
Date: Thu, 15 Jan 1998 12:21:43 -0600 (CST)
From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
To: Lista de arrecifes de coral <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral mortality II
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.980115121132.13482G-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: coral-list-request@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 30
	Dear coraleros:
	Thank you very much for the numerous responses, to my address and
to the coral list; I hope that this mess would be useful for someone
else.
	As I noticed that the interest is wide (I never suspected), I
would like to detail a little bit our observations in Mexico. In June we
find the first bleached corals. Their number increased a lot in the
following two months, but it was in August and September when we look at
the first dead colonies. Since June, we marked about 50 bleached colonies in
several localities, to see what happende to them. The mortality was
strongly size- dependent: small corals (about 15 x 15 cm) died in less
than a month, and larger ones survived even to this day (yesterday we
went to look at them). The original question as if corals died by
themselves or were killed. Well, in a number of cases they were actually
killed. We saw colonies covered, for example, by Caulerpa, which had
living polyps still. Few days later, the coral was dead and the algae was
entangled around. Polyps most surely died by lack of food (no light
needed) or chemical poisoning (or something like that). The same occurred
when sponges covered them, and if filamentous algae attack them. It is
interesting that, as Dr. Szamant mentioned, the center of the colony was
more affected in this case, but when Caulerpa or sponges attacked, they
started in the edges of the coral. I hope that this info would be useful.
Thanks for your interest. Ah! By the way, I only heard of one reference
about algae killing corals (although not related to ENSO; thanks Jan
Korrubel). Saludos!
	Hector Reyes
	Depto. Biologia Marina. UABCS
	La Paz, MEXICO.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 16 11:48:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA05114; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:48:50 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA05063; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:50:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005054; Fri, 16 Jan 98 11:49:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA09512; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 16:44:46 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	 id LAA09507; Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:44:41 -0500
Date: Fri, 16 Jan 1998 11:44:41 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral mortality II
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980116113544.9493A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 31
Dear Hector,
	As most coral-listers are aware, there are many viewpoints and
many literature sources on the phenomenon of coral bleaching.  A quick
look at the Literature Abstracts section of the CHAMP Home Page
(http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov) will gain you some familiarity with the
subject.  Below are some titles from the "Bleaching" section, but a
further perusal of that page will reveal other related topics (e.g.,
"Climate and Weather Changes Affecting Coral Reefs," and "El Nino Related
Damage").  Incidentally, our esteemed Librarian, Linda Pikula, will soon
be updating the Liberature Abstracts page with a fairly comprehensive
survey of the literature for 1996 and 1997.
------------
         Bacterial infection and coral bleaching. [1996]
         Bacterial Ecology of Selected Corals Following the 1994 South
Central Pacific Bleaching Event. [1995]
         Bacteria Associated with Bleached and Nonbleached areas of
Monastrea annularis. [1993]
         Applying MCSST to coral reef bleaching
	Coral Bleaching Threatens Ocean, Life
	Lingering Effects of the 1987 Mass Bleaching of Puerto Rican
Coral Reefs in Mid to Late 1988. [1991]
         Elevated Temperatures and Bleaching on a High Latitude Coral
Reef: The 1988 Bermuda Event. [1990]
         The 1982-1983 El Nino: Impact of Eastern Pacific Reef Carbonate
Budgets and Implications for Severe Bleaching Disturbances--published. [1992]
         Recovery of the Coral Montastrea Annularis in the Florida Keys
after the 1987 Caribbean "Bleaching Event". [1993]
         Seawater Temperature and Sublethal Coral Bleaching in Jamaica.[1990]
         Coral Reef Bleaching: Ecological Perspectives. [1993]
         Coral reef bleaching in the 1980s and possible connections with
global warming. [1991]
         Reduced Growth Rate of Montastrea Annularis Following the
1987-1988 Coral-Bleaching Event. [1990]
         Remote Detection of Coral "Bleaching" Using Pulsed-Laser
Fluorescence Spectroscopy. [1992]
         Changes in Pigmentation Associated with the Bleaching of Stony
Corals. [1989]
         Bleaching in Reef Corals: Physiological and Stable Isotopic
Responses. [1989]
         Naturally Occurring and Laboratory Induced Bleaching in Two
Caribbean Coral Species. [1991]
         The Effects of Prolonged "Bleaching" on the Tissue Biomass and
Reproduction of the Reef Coral Montastrea Annularis. [1990]
         Response of Sponges with Autotrophic Endosymbionts During the
Coral-Bleaching Episode in Puerto Rico. [1990]
         Mechanisms of Bleaching of Zooxanthellate Symbioses. [1991]
         Bleaching of Caribbean Coral Reef Symbionts in
1987-1988--published. [1988]
         The World-Wide Coral Reef Bleaching Cycle and Related Sources of
Coral Mortality. [1990]
         Bleaching of Reef Organisms in the Santa Marta Region, Colombia:
1987 Caribbean-Wide Event. [1987]
---
	Hope this helps.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 18 17:04:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA16017; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:04:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA15243; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:05:51 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015222; Sun, 18 Jan 98 17:05:04 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA13702; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 22:01:10 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA13697; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 17:01:06 -0500
Received: from uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu ([128.171.44.55]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <587104(5)>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:15 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <188962(8)>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:11 -1000
Date: 	Sun, 18 Jan 1998 11:58:09 -1000
From: Dave Alan Gulko <gulko@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: gulko@uhunix5
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Chlorine Use on Coral Reefs (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980118115725.3140C-100000@uhunix5>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 32
Does anyone know of any recent references on
	- the use of chlorine products to capture reef fish?
	- the effects of chlorine products on the physiology of reef
		organisms?
	Please direct responses directly to Dave Gulko at gulko@hawaii.edu
	Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.
		Sincerely,
			Dave Gulko
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 18 20:14:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA16352; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:14:50 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA17435; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:16:21 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017423; Sun, 18 Jan 98 20:15:46 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA14129; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 01:10:41 GMT
Received: from camel14.mindspring.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA14124; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:10:38 -0500
Received: from 207.69.254.236 (user-37kbvnc.dialup.mindspring.com [207.69.254.236])
	by camel14.mindspring.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id UAA19710
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:57 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <34C260EA.EC408B89@mindspring.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:20 +0000
From: Sander <skean1@mindspring.com>
Reply-To: skean1@mindspring.com
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral info <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: weed lines
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 33
I have heard recently of a company(based, I believe, in So. Carolina)
that is harvesting sargassum on the open sea for fertilizers, among
other things. I am looking for information on the harvesting of the
weedlines for an investigative report pointing out the tragedy of
destroying these important eco systems. Any information can be emailed
directly to me at <skean1@mindspring.com>. Thanks, peace
Sander
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 20 23:33:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA04757; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:33:08 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA17095; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:34:42 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017089; Tue, 20 Jan 98 23:33:49 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA20789; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 04:24:47 GMT
Received: from arl-img-6.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA20784; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:24:41 -0500
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by arl-img-6.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id XAA10911
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:21:48 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 20 Jan 1998 23:20:53 -0500
From: "Julian F. Sprung" <JSprung@compuserve.com>
Subject: Message from Internet
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199801202321_MC2-300E-D482@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id XAA04757
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 34
Hello Everyone,
I wanted to comment on some of the statements in James Cervino's posted
message from January 15. Haven't had time to reply until now. Before I do,
I wanted to explain that my experience with corals is based on observations
in the wild (Caribbean mostly, but also Western Pacific, a little Eastern
Pacific and Red Sea), and also with growing corals in closed system
aquariums. My reason for writing this reply is that my experience
contradicts some of what Mr. Cervino wrote. For example:
>"Localized bleaching might be due to anthropogenic stressors such as
pollution, sewage >runoff, agricultural runoff, storm damage, and
sedimentation."
While sudden salinity drops from storm runoff can cause a bleaching event,
in general corals exposed to sewage runoff DARKEN as the zooxanthelae
either develop more pigment or increase in population in response to the
nutrients. When there are sufficient herbivores present, sewage runoff
should encourage the corals to grow more rapidly, unless they are in a
severely enclosed embayment with little tidal flushing.
>"Global Bleaching Events: Present evidence suggests that global scale
>bleaching events are due to elevated sea temperatures and high solar
>irradiance (UV wavelengths) (Glynn, '93,  Coral Reefs 12:1-17; Goreau &
>Hayes, '94, Ambio)."
This statement corresponds with what I've seen too, and not surprisingly we
(aquarists) see exactly the same thing in aquaria. When new lighting
systems are installed that produce high intensities of UV wavelengths, the
corals bleach and produce bright pigments. When organic rich yellow
aquarium water is filtered through activated carbon to remove the tint, the
sudden increase in UV penetration makes the corals bleach. Part of the
cause is apparently superoxide radicals (active oxygen) stimulated by
photosynthesis under UV light. High temperatures also cause bleaching
events in aquaria. High temperature also seems to increase the incidence of
what we call RTN in aquaria, short for rapid tissue necrosis, in Acroporid
and Pocilloporid corals. This rapid loss of tissue is often confused with
bleaching by aquarists, and I wonder if some of the "bleaching" events
reported in nature weren't sudden death due to such coral diseases. Two
types of RTN are common in aquaria. One is caused by bacteria (possibly
Vibrio spp.) and the other is caused by protozoans (possibly Helicostoma
sp.). There is some literature about this in aquarium journals and books.
>"After the expulsion of zooxanthellae (corals photosynthesizes), the
corals'
>metabolic activity is weakened, and the coral is basically starving. That
>leads to: a decline in its calcium laying ability, which has stopped
>growth and calcification); impairment of reproduction; and, tissue
>necrosis."
I believe that tissue necrosis is a secondary event, an infection of some
origin. I agree that after expulsion of the zoox's the coral is in a
starvation mode... but notice the contradiction here: in aquaria a speedy
recovery can be achieved by feeding the corals...by INCREASING the nutrient
availability in the water. This helps the zoox's repopulate the coral
tissue. A bleached coral living in nutrient poor water is on a downward
spiral of health if the temperature does not cool down or the water become
turbid, which would relieve the stress from the light. A cool, turbid,
nutrient rich upwelling is what bleached corals need.
>"Cyanobacterial invasion will disrupt the symbiosis between host and
zooxanthellae,"
>increase mucus-secretory production causing a wider surface area on the
>surface of the coral, and cell erosion. Bacterial populations will lead to
>the development of anoxic conditions on the surface of the coral, inviting
>a community of heterotrophic sulfide oxidizing bacteria, and sulfate
>reducers. This will lead to the corals demise (Peters, E. 84)."
I presume the cyanobacteria you refer to is Phormidium/black band and that
you are describing the process occuring at the bands. This relates to the
statement below...
>"According to personal observations since 1980, and photos from the '70s,
I
>have seen higher indices of coral reef diseases at reefs suffering from
>eutrophication, compared to reefs with less stresses due to excess
>nutrients. (PERSONAL OBSERVATIONS AND COMMUNICATIONS!)"
That statement is the one I disagree with most. Everywhere I have observed
coral reefs (Caribbean, Australia, Fiji, Solomons, Red Sea) I seem to find
bleaching and coral diseases in the most nutrient poor water and healthy
corals in the most nutrient rich water. (the only exception being extreme
temperature exposure causing bleaching in shallow inshore nutrient rich
areas). It is true that there is more algae on the nutrient rich reefs, but
the corals are generally healthier there. Incidentally black band disease
occurs in aquariums too...only under the most nutrient poor conditions.
Apparently Phormidium does not tolerate high nutrients. I should clarify
here that high nutrients in closed system aquaria are orders of magnitude
higher than anything ever seen in the wild.
I don't know if Marlin Atkinson is a subscriber to this list, but he has
been doing some interesting work with measurements in the aquaria at the
Waikiki Aquarium. A report by him and Bruce Carlson appeared in Coral Reefs
a while back, describing the nitrogen rich CO2 rich seawater used at the
Waikiki aquarium, which seems to produce rapid growth in reef building
corals.
So, to answer this statement-
>"Nutrients and Corals: Are Reefs Oligotrophic? The role of nutrient
enrichment as a >concomitant factor enhancing the growth rate and carrying
capacity of the macroalgal >overgrowth on corals needs to be investigated
following bleaching events."
I agree this must be investigated! The most nutrient poor ocean water will
still support lush algal growth on a highly illuminated suface (i.e. a
bared coral skeleton). Perhaps a little extra nutrient availability would
give a bleached coral strength to fight off the growth of algae (via it's
own mucus and antibiotic substances). Given too much nutrients the algae
certainly win, but strong herbivory can give the corals a damn good
fighting chance in the most nutrient rich circumstances. There are multiple
tests to be done!
Well that's my two cents worth. I may be wrong...but not entirely, based on
what I've seen.
Julian Sprung
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 21 12:32:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09611; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:32:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA02775; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:33:35 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002753; Wed, 21 Jan 98 12:33:01 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA22174; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:18:43 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA22169; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:18:40 -0500
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 12:18:40 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in Galapagos
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980121121552.22152A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA09611
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 35
FYI, a NOAA Press Release:
CONTACT:        Joyce Gross  202/482-8360 email: Joyce.W.Gross@noaa.gov
EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING IN GALAPAGOS, NOAA ANNOUNCES
        El Nio's extremely warm waters in the Pacific Ocean have caused
coral bleaching in the waters around the Galapagos Islands, the Commerce
Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced
today.
        Warm waters that are two to three degrees Celsius above the
maximum temperatures that are typically expected to develop during the
entire year, are continuing to develop down the coast of South America.
These Galapagos "hot spots," with temperatures well above last year's
levels, have been identified by NOAA satellite data.
        "The Galapagos, on the Equator off the coast of Ecuador, lie in
some of the warmest waters of this El NiZo," said NOAA oceanographer Al
Strong."Sea surface temperatures in the area are currently about 29
degrees Celsius, nearly a whole degree and a half warmer than what is
critical for bleaching at that site."  Strong reports that the satellite
data for the area have been confirmed by data from NOAA's data buoys.
        Corals at the Galapagos thrive as long as temperatures remain at
or below 27 degrees Celsius -- the normal maximum sea surface temperature
at this site.  An increase of one or two degrees above the usual maximum
temperatures can be deadly to these animals.  The temperature range for
corals to thrive varies from site to site by only a few degrees.
        Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a
variety of sea life and provide resources of significant economic
importance such as fishing and recreation.  Coral bleaching, induced by
high water temperatures, has raised concerns about these fragile
ecosystems.  Coral bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae,
a type of algae that resides in the structure of the coral, and is
essential to the coral's survival.  Corals normally recover, unless high
ocean temperatures persist for too long a period or become too warm.
        During the 1997-98 El NiZo, NOAA has also confirmed coral
bleaching in the Western Hemisphere at sites in the Florida Keys, Baja
California, Pacific Coast of Panama, the Yucatan coast, Caymans, and the
Netherland Antilles.
        "With 1998 named the Year of the Ocean, it is appropriate that we
focus our attention on these extremely important ecosystems," Strong said.
	Video animations of coral reef Hot Spots and sea surface
temperatures are available on the World Wide Web at:
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
NOTE:  All NOAA press releases, and links to other NOAA material, can be
found on the Internet at http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs.  Constituents
who wish to be added to our press release distribution list, or who wish
to switch from fax to e-mail delivery, can send an e-mail to the
individual listed above or fax to (202) 501-2953.  Do not use the reply
function of your e-mail program because your message does not go to the
contact person.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 21 18:58:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA14235; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:58:17 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA21622; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:59:51 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021614; Wed, 21 Jan 98 18:59:33 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA23293; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 23:52:11 GMT
Received: from tlali.iztacala.unam.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA23288; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 18:52:05 -0500
Received: from localhost (tvjred@localhost)
	by tlali.iztacala.unam.mx (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA30798
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:44:59 -0600
Date: Wed, 21 Jan 1998 17:44:58 -0600 (CST)
From: Tovar Juarez Edgar <tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Biogeochemical cycles
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980121173718.30512A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 36
   Does anyone know of any recent references on:
    Biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals in coral-reef ecosystems
    Heavy Metals in Thalassia testudinium & Ulva lactuca
    Please direct responses directly to Edgar Tovar at
    tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx
    Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.
     Sincerely:
                  Edgar Tovar.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 09:43:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA18665; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:43:50 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02291; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:45:21 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002269; Thu, 22 Jan 98 09:44:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA24972; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:39:09 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA24967; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:39:05 -0500
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:39:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Symposium Report: Coral Reefs and Global Change
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980122093201.24944A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 37
We are pleased to present a document received today from Bob Buddemeier,
Co-Organizer of the symposium, "Coral Reefs and Global Change:
Adaptation, Acclimation or Extinction?," held January 3-11, 1998 in
Boston, Massachusetts.  The location of the document on the Web is:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html
Following is the text of the Executive Summary:
-------------------------------------
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were developed
by an international working group of scientific experts that met in
conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, the
International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological Society of
America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the scientific basis for
growing concerns about the survival of coral reef ecosystems facing global
change and local stresses. The group, sponsored by the Scientific
Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the Land-Ocean Interactions in
the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support of the NOAA
Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary synthesis with
important implications for research, assessment, and management. Key
conclusions were:
+ The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal
communities depends on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface
seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon
dioxide. This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to the
functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more immediate
anthropogenic local stresses.
+ Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over a
wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally
different controls operating at different scales. While short-term
responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and biotic
responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system depends on the
recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of populations at
larger scales.
+ Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous mechanisms
for acclimatization and adaptation - diverse reproductive strategies,
flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological acclimatization, habitat
tolerance, and a range of community interactions. However, current
understanding of these mechanisms, as well as of the critically important
calcification mechanisms, is inadequate to explain the past success of
corals and reefs or to ensure their conservation for the future.
Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be
directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore,
conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating only
local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses are
likely to be inadequate. Corals and reefs are potentially robust and
resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of new
approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied research,
conservation, and management.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 09:54:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA18866; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:53:55 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02717; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:55:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002671; Thu, 22 Jan 98 09:54:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA25061; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:52:28 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	 id JAA25056; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:52:24 -0500
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 09:52:23 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: martinpecheux@minitel.net
Subject: Pecheux's CO2 Program
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980122094932.25046A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 38
Martin Pecheux's CO2 Program, "co2chimie," which is a Macintosh executable
he used for CO2 work in corals, may be found, along with documentation and
source code, at:
	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/software/pecheux/
Please direct any enquiries concerning the software to him at:
	martinpecheux@minitel.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 10:48:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA19758; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:48:26 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA05140; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:49:54 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005097; Thu, 22 Jan 98 10:49:04 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA25301; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:30:28 GMT
Received: from netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA25296; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:30:21 -0500
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10]) by netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov with SMTP (8.7.6/8.7.3) id KAA13461; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 10:24:23 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <n1326657270.72398@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 22 Jan 1998 10:32:20 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Kidney Hoax
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, swireml@hkucc.hku.hk
Cc: "Multiple recipients of list" <mollusca@ucmp1.berkeley.edu>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA19758
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 39
        Reply to:   Kidney Hoax
Aren't these scams wonderful.  First it was "Good Times" and its related e-mail virus hoaxes.  Then it was the hoax about the American Cancer Society and little Jessica Mydek.  Now it is hoaxes about kidney thieves run amok.  This one isn't even new!
Let's not turn our e-mail capabilities into an uninvited copy of the National Enquirer.  Please, think before you press that send or forward button.  If you do not know something is fact, don't send it on.  Most importantly, let's keep the messages appropriate to the forum.  I do not subscribe to coral-list to receive hoxes about kidney thieves.
If you don't believe me that it's a hoax, try the following sources:
http://urbanlegends.miningco.com/library/blkidney.htm
      - 11/20/97, even cites the disclaimer by the Daily Texan
   http://www.urbanlegends.com/medical/organ.theft/new_orleans_debunk.html
http://www.unos.org/Newsroom/archive_statement_022197.htm
Cheers,
Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 22 15:58:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA23961; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:58:45 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA18899; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 16:00:18 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018889; Thu, 22 Jan 98 16:00:08 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA26212; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 20:41:53 GMT
Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA26207; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 15:41:48 -0500
Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow9.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.136])
	by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA04892
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:40:50 -0600 (CST)
Message-Id: <199801222040.OAA04892@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net>
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Graduate fellowship available
Date: Thu, 22 Jan 1998 14:35:50 -0600
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 40
The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate
program in Marine Sciences.  Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are
available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1,
1998.   The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science,
biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, zooplankton
ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate reproduction,
invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology, biogeochemistry,
nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of coral
reefs.
	The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin Island
Sea Lab.
The primary research faculty are:
Dr. Richard Aronson
Dr. Jim Cowan
Dr. Monty Graham
Dr. Ken Heck
Dr. Ron Kiene
Dr. Jon Pennock
Dr. Robert Shipp
Dr. Judy Stout
Dr. Florence Thomas
Dr. John Valentine
For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at
	http://sites.gulf.net/sealab
For a information about application procedure contact Amada Gonzales
(agonzle@jaguar1.usouthal.edu)  334- 460-7136 or Dr. Florence Thomas
(jaguar1.usouthal.edu).
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 23 18:41:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA10249; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:41:53 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA04215; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:43:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004209; Fri, 23 Jan 98 18:42:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA29644; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 23:34:36 GMT
Received: from kuhub.cc.ukans.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA29639; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 18:34:31 -0500
Received: from pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu by KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU
 (PMDF V5.1-10 #24910) with SMTP id <01ISQ3A2H6CW00GI8J@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU> for
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:31:23 CST (UTC -06:00)
Received: from kgs.ukans.edu by pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
 id RAA21521; Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:31:20 -0600
Received: from KGS-Message_Server by kgs.ukans.edu with Novell_GroupWise; Fri,
 23 Jan 1998 17:34:59 -0600
Date: Fri, 23 Jan 1998 17:34:47 -0600
From: Bob Buddemeier <buddrw@pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu>
Subject: Meeting report
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-id: <s4c8d4c3.034@kgs.ukans.edu>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 41
Dear Coral-Listers,
Jim Hendee has kindly posted the initial report the Boston Symposium and
working group meeting at
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/coral_cg.html.  For the benefit of
those who don't have good www access or who haven't had time to get
there yet, I am attaching the executive summary below.  A Proceedings
volume of American Zoologist is in preparation.
I want to acknowledge the participation and contributions of those who
presented contributed papers at the meeting, and the audience at the
symposium sessions.  It was an unusually interactive and productive
experience.  In particular, I need to point out that the contributed
paper* presented by Chris Langdon (langdon@ldeo.columbia.edu) and
colleagues was a particularly important contribution to the recognition
of the importance of saturation state controls on calcification, which
effectively complemented the symposium presentations of Gattuso,
Kleypas, and Opdyke.
*Effect of carbonate saturation state on the rate of calcification of an
experimental coral reef.  C. Langdon, T, Takahashi, T. McConnaughey, H.
Anderson and H. West.  Abstract published on p 72A, American Zoologist
vol 37 no. 5, 1997.
A couple of personal comments (not, repeat not, pretending to speak for
the rest of the group):
     One of the lessons that I thought I already knew, but that got
strongly reinforced, is that coral reef science is not
*interdisciplinary* by virtue of the fact that different specialists
publish mutually incomprehensible (or ignored) papers in the same
journal.  It gets really interdisciplinary when people put their minds
and efforts into understanding a very different viewpoint and unfamiliar
data sets, often presented in words that sound familiar but are defined
differently.  When that happens, the conceptual models and questions
change rapidly.
     My view of how this all fits into the past, present and future
focus on reef-related issues is that our results (1) add an additional
sense of urgency (in case we needed any), (2) complicate further the
development of conservation and management strategies by pointing out
the importance of factors operating at uncomfortably large time and
space scales (nobody will think we needed any more complication, I'm
sure), and (3) simplify or clarify research strategies by offering some
directions to head that will yield a better formulation of the problems
-- which is usually a prerequisite for their solution (not just *more
research/monitoring is needed,* but what it is that we need to
understand and measure).
Hermatypically yours,
Bob Buddemeier
________________________________________________________________
CORAL REEFS AND GLOBAL  CHANGE:  ADAPTATION, ACCLIMATION OR EXTINCTION?
-- INITIAL REPORT OF A SYMPOSIUM AND WORKSHOP
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
 Major revisions of concepts about corals and reef systems were
developed by an international working group of scientific experts that
met in conjunction with the Society for Integrative and Comparative
Biology, the International Society for Reef Studies, and the Ecological
Society of America (Boston, January 3-11, 1998) to evaluate the
scientific basis for growing concerns about the survival of coral reef
ecosystems facing global change and local stresses.  The group,
sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and the
Land-Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) core project of the
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP), and with the support
of the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, produced an interdisciplinary
synthesis with important implications for research, assessment, and
management.  Key conclusions were:
*  The calcification rates of corals, coralline algae, and coral-algal
communities depend on the calcium carbonate saturation state of surface
seawater, and are expected to be reduced by rising atmospheric carbon
dioxide.  This represents a global, systemic, climate-related threat to
the functioning of reef ecosystems that will interact with the more
immediate anthropogenic local stresses.
*  Coral reefs and communities are products of processes operating over
a wide range of interacting time and space scales, with fundamentally
different controls operating at different scales.  While short-term
responses will be controlled by local environmental conditions and
biotic responses, the longer-term sustainability of a reef system
depends on the recruitment, dispersal, persistence, and interactions of
populations at larger scales.
*  Corals, and to some extent reef communities, possess numerous
mechanisms for acclimatization and adaptation -- diverse reproductive
strategies, flexible symbiotic relationships, physiological
acclimatization, habitat tolerance, and a range of community
interactions.  However, current understanding of these mechanisms, as
well as of the critically important calcification mechanisms, is
inadequate to explain the past success of corals and reefs or to ensure
their conservation for the future.
 Unlike many terrestrial ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems appear to be
directly threatened by globally increasing atmospheric CO2. Therefore,
conservation or management strategies aimed at removing or mitigating
only local, human-derived, or recently applied environmental stresses
are likely to be inadequate.  Corals and reefs are potentially robust
and resilient, but realizing that potential requires the development of
new approaches and greater integration of fundamental and applied
research, conservation, and management.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jan 24 12:32:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA13811; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:30:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA17176; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:32:11 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017172; Sat, 24 Jan 98 12:31:56 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA01085; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 17:27:43 GMT
Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA01080; Sat, 24 Jan 1998 12:27:37 -0500
Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow33.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.160])
	by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id LAA02141;
	Sat, 24 Jan 1998 11:24:56 -0600 (CST)
Message-ID: <34CA23D5.BE3@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Date: Sat, 24 Jan 1998 11:24:37 -0600
From: Flo Thomas <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Organization: Dauphin Island Sea Lab
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.01 (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Leonie Haimson <leonie@worldnet.att.net>
CC: newsdesk@envirolink.org, climate-l@mbnet.mb.ca,
        infoterra@pan.cedar.univie.ac.at, edf-letter@www.edf.org,
        globalwarming@buster.law.pace.edu, oppt-newsbreak@valley.rtpnc.epa.gov,
        ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu, CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com,
        environment-L@cornell.edu, ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu, ens@envirolink.org,
        coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, envconfs-l@husc.harvard.edu,
        eon@world.std.com, Land-and-Water@FAO.ORG, gaia-l@listserv.aol.com,
        IAIA_ECOLOGY@listserv.csu.edu.au, aeroso-l@nic.surfnet.nl,
        amphibiandecline@ucdavis.edu, bene@straylight.tamu.edu,
        BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, john.arnfield@osu.edu,
        NATODATA@cc1.kuleuven.ac.be, ecology@bluemarble.net,
        sf.moderator@sfsierra.sierraclub.org, owner-wer-reh@who.ch,
        water-net@igc.org, chadc@iisd.org, news@enn.com, nick@a2s2.com,
        info@policy.com
Subject: Graduate fellowships available
References: <3496DD4C.3FF8@worldnet.att.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 42
The University of South Alabama invites applications for their graduate
program in Marine Sciences.  Several Masters and Ph.D fellowships are
available that include a stipend and tuition. The deadline is April 1,
1998.   The research areas of the faculty include, fisheries science,
biomechanics, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography,
zooplankton
ecology, coral reef ecology, seagrass ecology, invertebrate
reproduction,
invertebrate biology, trophic ecology, wetlands ecology,
biogeochemistry,
nutrient dynamics of estuarine systems, evolution and paleoecology of
coral
reefs.
        The student will spend the majority of their time at the Dauphin
Island
Sea Lab.
The primary research faculty are:
Dr. Richard Aronson
Dr. Jim Cowan
Dr. Monty Graham
Dr. Ken Heck
Dr. Ron Kiene
Dr. Jon Pennock
Dr. Robert Shipp
Dr. Judy Stout
Dr. Florence Thomas
Dr. John Valentine
For further information on the faculty and facilities please see the
Dauphin Island Sea Lab Web Page at
        http://sites.gulf.net/sealab
For a information about application procedure contact the deartment
through Amada Gonzales
(agonzale@jaguar1.usouthal.edu)  334- 460-7136 or the faculty through
Dr. Florence Thomas 334-861-7544
(jaguar1.usouthal.edu).
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 25 18:42:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA20340; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:42:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA04235; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:44:21 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004229; Sun, 25 Jan 98 18:43:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA04559; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 23:25:56 GMT
Received: from mail.bogo.co.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA04554; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 18:25:50 -0500
Received: from kenn.bogo.co.uk (kenn.bogo.co.uk [193.192.194.110])
	by mail.bogo.co.uk (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id AAA00558
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 00:24:12 GMT
Message-Id: <3.0.5.16.19980125220429.2defedbc@mail.bogo.co.uk>
X-Sender: kenn@mail.bogo.co.uk
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (16)
Date: Sun, 25 Jan 1998 22:04:29 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "K.H. von Kaufmann" <kenn@mail.bogo.co.uk>
Subject: E. Africa floods effect on reefs?
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 43
Dear Coral-list,
Firstly I have just joined the list so apologies if you have covered this
recently:
Over the past few months there have been exceptional rains in East Africa,
in particular Northern Kenya and Southern Somalia.  There is much land
clearance and soil erosion upcountry, and even normally the rivers such as
the Tana and Juba are now thick with silt.  I am sure this must be having
an effect on the reefs of the entire coast, from Tanzania to Somalia. I am
sure the sea must be visibly brown from space. Does anybody know of anyone
monitoring this (I will post this to the UNEP Infoterra list as well)?
Anywhere I might find examples of this in the past and other regions?  I
will pass on what I find to those who are interested.
Thanks,
Kenn.
K.H. von Kaufmann,
2 Hamilton House,
High Park Road,
Kew, Richmond,
Surrey,
TW9 4BJ
UK
Tel:(0181) 878 2055.
kenn@bogo.co.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jan 25 20:05:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA20701; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 20:05:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA06002; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 20:06:38 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005988; Sun, 25 Jan 98 20:06:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA04643; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 00:47:01 GMT
Received: from dante.iol.it by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA04638; Sun, 25 Jan 1998 19:46:55 -0500
Received: from [195.210.91.100] by dante.iol.it
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.0)  with SMTP id AAA7867
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Mon, 26 Jan 1998 01:43:29 +0100
Received: from dante.iol.it ([195.210.91.2]) by capri.iol.it
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with ESMTP id AAA4E91
          for <f.marubini@ischia.iol.it>; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 03:36:38 +0100
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov ([192.111.123.248]) by dante.iol.it
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.0)  with SMTP id AAA2944
          for <f.marubini@iol.it>; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 03:36:33 +0100
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA14129; Mon, 19 Jan 1998 01:10:41 GMT
Received: from camel14.mindspring.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA14124; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:10:38 -0500
Received: from 207.69.254.236 (user-37kbvnc.dialup.mindspring.com [207.69.254.236])
	by camel14.mindspring.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id UAA19710
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:57 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <34C260EA.EC408B89@mindspring.com>
Date: Sun, 18 Jan 1998 20:07:20 +0000
From: Sander <skean1@mindspring.com>
Reply-To: skean1@mindspring.com
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral info <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: weed lines
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 44
I have heard recently of a company(based, I believe, in So. Carolina)
that is harvesting sargassum on the open sea for fertilizers, among
other things. I am looking for information on the harvesting of the
weedlines for an investigative report pointing out the tragedy of
destroying these important eco systems. Any information can be emailed
directly to me at <skean1@mindspring.com>. Thanks, peace
Sander
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 26 08:27:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA23702; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 08:27:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA14206; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 08:29:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014181; Mon, 26 Jan 98 08:28:34 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA05685; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 13:25:45 GMT
Received: from arbois.cerege.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA05680; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 08:25:34 -0500
Received: from [193.49.98.91] (stone.cerege.fr [193.49.98.91])
          by arbois.cerege.fr (8.6.10/jtpda-5.2) with ESMTP id OAA05834
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:20:56 GMT
X-Sender: heiss@arbois.cerege.fr
Message-Id: <v03110703b0f23d048284@[193.49.98.91]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:24:12 +0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Georg Heiss <heiss@cerege.fr>
Subject: Q: Coral spawning in the Seychelles?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id IAA23702
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 45
Dear list members,
Does anyone know something about the time of coral spawning in the Seychelles?
Thank you for your time.  Could you please reply to me directly.
Georg
___________________
Dr. Georg A. Heiss
Centre des Faibles Radioactivits
Laboratoire Mixte CNRS-CEA
Domaine du CNRS
91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE
Georg.Heiss@cfr.cnrs-gif.fr
CEREGE
BP 80
F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4
heiss@cerege.fr
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 26 15:01:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA03879; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 15:01:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA06073; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 15:02:46 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006060; Mon, 26 Jan 98 15:02:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07208; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 19:45:16 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA07203; Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:45:10 -0500
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 1998 14:45:09 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Forwarded mail....
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980126144426.7194A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id PAA03879
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 46
Date: Mon, 26 Jan 98 13:51:27 -0500
Subject: Re: Bleaching? and Coral spawning in the Seychelles?
To: Georg Heiss <heiss@cerege.fr>, coral-list
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Georg -- We have been noting SSTs close to what are critial levels [30C]
for bleaching near the Seychelles for a couple months now....has anyone
heard of/seen notes of recent bleaching from this location?  We had heard
that some bleaching was observed last April [1997].
Thanks,
Al Strong
On Mon, 26 Jan 1998, Georg Heiss <heiss@cerege.fr> wrote:
>Dear list members,
>
>Does anyone know something about the time of coral spawning in the Seychelles?
>
>Thank you for your time.  Could you please reply to me directly.
>
>Georg
>
>___________________
>Dr. Georg A. Heiss
>Centre des Faibles Radioactivits
>Laboratoire Mixte CNRS-CEA
>Domaine du CNRS
>91198 Gif sur Yvette Cedex FRANCE
>Georg.Heiss@cfr.cnrs-gif.fr
>
>CEREGE
>BP 80
>F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4
>heiss@cerege.fr
>
>
>
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                Adj Assoc Res Professor
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3            US Naval Academy
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                Oceanography Department
      5200 Auth Road                              Annapolis, MD 21402
      Camp Springs, MD 20746                      410-293-6550
Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
     301-763-8102 x170   FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 27 09:16:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA11190; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 09:16:55 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA29761; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 09:18:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029757; Tue, 27 Jan 98 09:17:53 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA09498; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 14:10:50 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA09493; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 09:10:46 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from 140.90.197.248 by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	 id JAA07253; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 09:07:07 -0500
Message-Id: <199801271407.JAA07253@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 98 10:14:25 -0500
Subject: Tahiti Bleaching
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@earthlink.net
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980126144426.7194A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.00.06.17
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 47
We just received this query about possible bleaching near Tahiti:
....our response follows [posted at the HotSpot WebSite]...
Dear Alan,
 We have reports that SST  around Tahiti and Moorea has raised to 30 C,
but we do not have any information on the conditions under which such
values are recorded (e.g. lagoon waters, open ocean ...) If such values are
representative of the true situation, then conditions for a bleaching event
could me met.  From your satellite data, could you confirm that something
is brewing?
 Many thanks and kind regards
Michel [Pichon]
(http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html)
NOTES:    January 27, 1998 -- HotSpots
SSTs have inched a bit higher in the vicinity of the
Galapagos, approaching 29C within the El Nino
"HotSpot," showing values nearly 3 deg C above
the warmest climatological SST for the ENTIRE year;
30C SSTs can be seen to the NE off the coast of
Central America.  The HotSpot envelope has pressed
southward toward Tahiti during the past few weeks
and there is some concern that the 30C [plus] SSTs
near 150W/15S may expand toward Tahiti and
French Polynesia.
In the Indian Ocean, the large HotSpot that has been
elongated NW-SE shows signs of weakening.  Concern
has been expressed that these extreme SSTs may have
caused some bleaching near the Seychelles.
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer               Adj Assoc Res Professor
    NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3            US Naval Academy
    NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W           Oceanography Department
      5200 Auth Road                              Annapolis, MD 21402
      Camp Springs, MD 20746                      410-293-6550
               Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
               301-763-8102 x170   FAX: 301-763-8108
                         http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jan 27 15:01:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA17244; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 15:01:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA15892; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 15:02:47 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015886; Tue, 27 Jan 98 15:02:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA10314; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 19:44:44 GMT
Received: from fknms.nos.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA10309; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 14:44:38 -0500
Received: from [192.111.123.202] by fknms.nos.noaa.gov (AppleShare IP Mail Server 5.0.1) id 827 via TCP with SMTP; Tue, 27 Jan 1998 15:44:16 -0400
Date: Tue, 27 Jan 1998 15:44:16 -0400
Message-Id: <v03007802b0f3a2ffd40b@[192.111.123.202]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Haskell, Ben" <bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bonaire Marine Park
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 48
Dear Coraleros:
Does anyone have a phone and fax number for the Bonaire Marine Park? Thank
you. Please reply to bhaskell@fknms.nos.noaa.gov
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jan 29 12:44:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09701; Thu, 29 Jan 1998 12:44:23 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21344; Thu, 29 Jan 1998 12:45:55 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021329; Thu, 29 Jan 98 12:45:25 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA15921; Thu, 29 Jan 1998 17:27:08 GMT
Received: from post.mail.demon.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA15916; Thu, 29 Jan 1998 12:26:59 -0500
From: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
Received: from coralcay.demon.co.uk ([158.152.27.181]) by post.mail.demon.net
           id ab2023850; 29 Jan 98 17:01 GMT
Received: from ws8.coralcay.demon.co.uk (ws8.coralcay.demon.co.uk [192.168.70.17])
	by coralcay.demon.co.uk (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA28720;
	Thu, 29 Jan 1998 17:00:44 GMT
Message-Id: <199801291700.RAA28720@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <ccc@server.coralcay.demon.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 1998 17:11:43 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Bleaching in Borneo
CC: PotroS@kpc.co.id
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v2.53/R1)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 49
Coral Cay Conservation is currently initiating a major series
of baseline surveys in East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Initial
observations have reported significant coral bleaching, reaching
60-70% at some depths. Interestingly the water is much colder than
normal (approximately 23 degrees) and there are also extensive
plankton blooms. If anyone else has similar observations from this
area I would be keen to hear about them. I would also appreciate
comments on whether these oceanographic conditions are typical for
the area at this time of year or perhaps linked to El Nino.
I hope to post more detailed data on the extent of coral
bleaching over the next few months.
Many thanks,
Alastair Harborne
Science Co-ordinator.
--
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.  154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)171 498 6248         Fax: +44 (0)171 498 8447 / 622 6126
E-Mail: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk | "Providing resources for the protection and
WWW:    http://www.coralcay.org/ |  sustainable use of coastal environments."
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 30 00:13:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA15176; Fri, 30 Jan 1998 00:12:57 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA08690; Fri, 30 Jan 1998 00:14:31 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008673; Fri, 30 Jan 98 00:13:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA17479; Fri, 30 Jan 1998 05:06:29 GMT
Received: from wolfenet.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA17474; Fri, 30 Jan 1998 00:06:24 -0500
Received: from sea-ts1-p36.wolfenet.com (sea-ts1-p36.wolfenet.com [204.157.98.90])
	by wolfenet.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id VAA19307
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 29 Jan 1998 21:02:44 -0800 (PST)
Date: Thu, 29 Jan 1998 21:02:44 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <199801300502.VAA19307@wolfenet.com>
X-Sender: alti@popserv.wolfenet.com
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 1.4.3
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: bhatton@alphalogic.com (Barry Hatton)
Subject: 1998 Western Marine Conference
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 50
The 1998 Western Marine Conference, hosted by the Puget Sound Aquarium
Society, will be held on April 3-5, 1998 in Seattle, WA.
Speakers include :
Craig Bingman - Chemistry in the Reef Aquarium
Bruce Carlson - Why Some Animals are "Impossible" and Will That Always Be True?
Charles Delbeek - Keeping Non-Photosynthetic Corals Such as Gorgonians and
Dendronepthea
Paul Hough - Captive Breeding of Great Barrier Reef Corals
Scott Michael - Invertebrate-Friendly Fish
Martin Moe - Breakthroughs in Rearing Tropical Marine Fish
Alf Nilsen - Reef Hobby Overview - History and Status
Dana Riddle - Coral Pigmentation
Ron Shimek - The Message of Morphology - The Reef Aquarium as an Ecosystem
Julian Sprung - Mangroves
Visit the conference website at http://www.pnweb.com/psas/wmc98 for
information on schedule, speakers, venue, and more. Online registration is
available for attendees and vendors.
Information can also available be obtained by calling (888)751-WMC1 or by
sending email to wmc98@pnweb.com.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  3 12:08:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA03268; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 12:08:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA15683; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 12:09:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015640; Tue, 3 Feb 98 12:09:07 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA01899; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 16:02:25 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA01894; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 11:02:21 -0500
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 1998 11:02:21 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: FKNMS Final Regulations
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980203105304.1863B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 51
For those of you who have a need, you may find a copy of the Final
Regulations for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, as published
in the Federal Register, January 30, 1997 at the following URL:
	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/fknms/fknms_regs.pdf
Please note that this is an Adobe document requiring Adobe Acrobat to
read.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  3 13:16:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA04230; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 13:15:58 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA18472; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 13:17:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018417; Tue, 3 Feb 98 13:16:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA02344; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 17:37:44 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA02339; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 12:37:39 -0500
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 1998 12:37:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Puerto Rico & Virgin Islands
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980203123450.2337A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 52
Note deadline for comments is Feb 6, 1998.
-------------
[Federal Register: January 7, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 4)]
[Notices]
[Page 827-828]
>From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr07ja98-45]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
[I.D. 122297C]
Corals and Reef Associated Plants and Invertebrates of Puerto
Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands
AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce.
ACTION: Notice of intent to prepare a draft supplemental environmental
impact statement (DSEIS); request for comments.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
SUMMARY: NMFS announces the intent of the Caribbean Fishery Management
Council (Council) to prepare a DSEIS on Amendment 1 to the Fishery
Management Plan for Corals and Reef Associated Plants and Invertebrates
of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands (FMP). Amendment 1 would
establish a Marine Conservation District (MCD), approximately 20 square
nautical miles in area, in Federal waters south of St. John, U.S.
Virgin Islands (USVI). The purpose of this notice is to solicit public
comments on the scope of the issues to be addressed in the DSEIS.
DATES: Written comments on the scope of the DSEIS must be received on
or before February 6, 1998.
ADDRESSES: Comments on the scope of the DSEIS and requests for
additional information on Amendment 1 should be sent to Miguel A.
Rolon, Executive Director, Caribbean Fishery Management Council, 268
Munoz Rivera Avenue, Suite 1108, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918-2577.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Graciela Garcia-Moliner, 787-766-5926,
or Georgia Cranmore, 813-570-5305.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: In 1993, the Council's Marine Reserve Zoning
Committee recommended the establishment of the first MCD in the U.S.
Caribbean, in Federal waters south of St. John, USVI, seaward of the
Virgin Islands National Park. A MCD is an area designed to protect
coral reef resources, reef fish stocks, and their habitats. Fishing
would be prohibited within the MCD, and the Council is considering a
ban on the anchoring of fishing vessels
[[Page 828]]
in the MCD. Expected benefits include: (1) Establishment of a refuge
and resource replenishment area to increase abundance and diversity of
reef resources; (2) protection of critical spawning stock and recruits
from overfishing, thus helping to ensure continued abundance of fishery
resources; (3) physical protection of the coral reef structures; and
(4) improvement of opportunities for eco-tourism that does not damage
coral. Disadvantages include displacement of fishing effort to other
areas and possible short-term loss of revenues for commercial
fishermen, especially reef fish trap fishermen.
Scoping Process
    Public hearings were held on these issues during March 1996 and
October 1997 in the USVI. No additional scoping meetings are scheduled.
The Council is requesting written comments on the scope of the issues
to be addressed in the DSEIS.
Timetable for DSEIS Preparation and Decisionmaking Schedule
    The Council intends to accept public comments on the completed
DSEIS, prepare a final supplemental environmental impact statement
(FSEIS), and submit the FSEIS to NMFS when it submits Amendment 1 for
NMFS' review, approval, and implementation.
    Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.
    Dated: December 31, 1997.
Gary C. Matlock,
Director, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries
Service.
[FR Doc. 98-288 Filed 1-6-98; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-22-F
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  3 17:30:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA07618; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 17:30:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA28544; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 17:32:24 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028474; Tue, 3 Feb 98 17:31:34 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA03068; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 22:01:04 GMT
Received: from cbu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA03063; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 17:01:00 -0500
Received: from [205.129.120.8] ([205.129.120.8])
	by cbu.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id PAA14943;
	Tue, 3 Feb 1998 15:56:37 -0600 (CST)
X-Sender: r-roper@mail.cbu.edu
Message-Id: <v04003a2db0fd1fb9a96c@[205.129.120.8]>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980113100455.925B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 3 Feb 1998 15:55:32 -0500
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>,
        Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Roy Roper (CIO)" <r-roper@cbu.edu>
Subject: Cozumel/Mexico
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 53
Question to the group.
For Cozumel, is there any university based (Mexico) reef research going on
that divers can become involved in?  I know about "REEF" - but rather than
the annual big push, is there some local structure that interested parties
might be able to hook into for a few weeks?
Thanks in advance.
Roy
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  3 18:49:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA08293; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 18:49:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA00117; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 18:50:48 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000110; Tue, 3 Feb 98 18:50:19 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA03192; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 23:17:46 GMT
Received: from barra.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA03186; Tue, 3 Feb 1998 18:17:39 -0500
Received: from mb4823a ([137.219.41.140])
	by barra.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA26242
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 4 Feb 1998 09:13:33 +1000 (EST)
Message-Id: <3.0.1.16.19980204101128.2d2f6600@pop.jcu.edu.au>
X-Sender: sci-ahb@pop.jcu.edu.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.1 (16)
Date: Wed, 04 Feb 1998 10:11:28
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Andrew Baird <andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au>
Subject: searching for CitaDel
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 54
Dear coral-listers
Can anyone tell me the fate of the CitaDel Database, maintained by Stanford
University which contained a series of subject specific database including
a Marine Biology with Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (from 1983
to the present). This is the only comprehensive Marine Biology database I
have come across. Is it still up and running, who can I contact to
subscribe. My previous attempts to contact anyone relevant at Stanford have
failed.
Andrew Baird		work:	61 77 814802
Dept. Marine Biology		home:	61 77 712379
James Cook University	fax: 	61 77 251570
Townsville Q. 4811		email:	andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
Australia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  5 08:37:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA27310; Thu, 5 Feb 1998 08:36:58 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA19193; Thu, 5 Feb 1998 08:38:36 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019181; Thu, 5 Feb 98 08:37:39 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07335; Thu, 5 Feb 1998 13:23:56 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA07330; Thu, 5 Feb 1998 08:23:53 -0500
Date: Thu, 5 Feb 1998 08:23:53 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Biodiversity Year
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980205082034.7305B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 55
Forwarded message of relevance to coral research:
---------------------------------------
Date:    Tue, 3 Feb 1998 22:51:42 EST
From:    C <THCLAX00@UKCC.UKY.EDU>
Subject: Scientists call for biodiversity year
URL: http://
www-leland.stanford.edu/dept/news/release/980130iboyadvan.html
TOP SCIENTISTS CHALLENGE COLLEAGUES TO JOIN BIODIVERSITY YEAR
(1/98)
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
          1/30/98
          CONTACT: Janet Basu, Stanford News Service
                                  650) 723-7582;
                    e-mail basu@stanford.edu
                    Colleen S. Adam, DIVERSITAS, Paris:
                    33-1-45684054
                    e-mail diversitas@unesco.org
SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENT REPORTERS: Preview of symposium slated for
9 a.m. Friday, Feb 13, at AAAS annual meeting in Philadelphia
Human activities now dominate the natural systems of the planet,
according to Stanford ecologist Harold Mooney. "In a very real
sense, we cannot escape responsibility for managing our impact on
those systems. It's time for scientists to take stock of what we
know, and what we need to learn, so society can act on that
responsibility."
That is why Mooney and four other internationally prominent
scientists are calling on their colleagues worldwide to join forces
in a one- to two-year assessment of the state of biodiversity on
Earth. On Friday, Feb. 13, at the annual meeting of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science in Philadelphia, the
five  including two past presidents of AAAS  will introduce plans
for the International Biodiversity Observation Year, to begin in
2001.
"We're asking the world's best scientists to take a year or two to
put their minds to this problem: How can biodiversity science be
elevated to the forefront of the scientific agenda?" said Mooney,
who is professor of biological sciences at Stanford and
secretary-general of the International Council of Scientific
Unions.
Mooney is co-organizer of the AAAS symposium with population
ecologist Jos Sarukhn, professor and former rector of UNAM, the
National Autonomous University of Mexico. Sarukhn, currently a
visiting professor at the Center for Conservation Biology and the
Center for Latin American Studies at Stanford, is the chair of a
committee of scientists who have volunteered to organize the
International Biodiversity Observation Year  dubbed IBOY.
He and Mooney will be joined in the symposium by three other
prominent scientists. Microbiologist Rita Colwell is past president
of AAAS and current president of the Biotechnology Institute at the
University of Maryland; President Clinton recently announced his
intention to nominate her as deputy director of the National
Science Foundation. AAAS past president Jane Lubchenco, a marine
ecologist at Oregon State University, is a member of the National
Science Board. Evolutionary biologist Michael J. Donoghue is
director of the Harvard University Herbaria.
The five are calling on their fellow scientists to join them at
AAAS to discuss the program in its planning stages. They will
discuss the urgent need to fill in the gaps of information about
biodiversity at every level, from the genetic variability of
individual species to the workings of ecosystems  and to add that
to data about how human societies interact with and depend on
natural systems. They'll suggest some short-term, intensive
international projects that could achieve concrete results during
IBOY.
Among the projects already proposed for IBOY is a global census of
deep-sea organisms, drawn from scientific collections around the
world, to make photos and data about sea creatures available to all
via the World Wide Web. Another project will launch a world-wide
system to watch out for the health of coral reefs: scientists
experienced in evaluating coral ecosystems will train scientists
in tropical nations to monitor their own local reefs.
The project is to be coordinated by DIVERSITAS , a scientific
program under the auspices of UNESCO, the International Council of
Scientific Unions and other scientific societies. Its mission is
to promote research on fundamental aspects of biodiversity, and to
relate the results to policies on conservation and sustainable
management.
"Most nations in world except the U.S. have ratified the 1992
Convention on Biodiversity," Sarukhn said. "The benefit of IBOY to
these nations, and to the international organizations working with
them on sustainability issues, will be scientific information to
help fulfill the provisions of that convention."
Sarukhn said that IBOY is inspired by the International Geophysical
Year in 1957, when scientists worked together across national and
academic boundaries to advance knowledge about the earth, oceans
and atmosphere. "Like the IGY, this process will focus on projects
amenable to international cooperation in data collection, with room
for scientists from developing nations to participate, however
modestly. We expect to integrate what is already known and to add
new data to advance the state of knowledge about biodiversity and
earth's living systems."
  -30-
Reporters' Note: Background information will be available early
in February at
http://www-leland.stanford.edu/dept/news/release/980204iboybkgrd.html .
DIVERSITAS is an international program headquartered in Paris. It
was created in 1991 to stimulate Biodiversity Sciences, under the
auspices of The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU),
the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO), the Scientific Committee on Problems of the
Environment (SCOPE), the International Union of Biological Sciences
(IUBS), the International Union of Microbiological Societies (IUMS)
and the International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP).
DIVERSITAS will maintain a web page to chronicle the progress of
the International Biodiversity Observation Year, at
http://www.lmcp.jussieu.fr/icsu/DIVERSITAS/ .
For more details about the AAAS annual meeting in Philadelphia, see
www.aaas.org/.
This article is available electronically at
http://www.stanford.edu/news/ It also is available electronically
on the national Eurekalert! web site  http://www.eurekalert.org .
By Janet Basu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  6 12:02:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA08850; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 12:02:47 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA02260; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 12:04:26 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002174; Fri, 6 Feb 98 12:03:51 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA11470; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 16:27:28 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA11465; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 11:27:23 -0500
Received: (qmail 3458 invoked by uid 0); 6 Feb 1998 16:23:05 -0000
Message-ID: <19980206162305.3457.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 205.214.205.32 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Fri, 06 Feb 1998 08:23:05 PST
X-Originating-IP: [205.214.205.32]
From: "jean-michel hurtel" <kyrimb@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Fieldwork
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Fri, 06 Feb 1998 08:23:05 PST
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 56
"Kyrimba", schooner 63 feet, 7 berths, cargo hold , 150 hp, long range.
We can take on board scientists, students or anyone needing a boat for
fieldwork or lodging in islands or remote areas.
We are now in the Caribbean region and plan to go to the south Pacific.
Regards   J.M.Hurtel  M.D. PhD. kyrimb@hotmail.com
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  6 13:56:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA22279; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 13:56:41 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA06738; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 13:58:20 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006734; Fri, 6 Feb 98 13:58:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA11905; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 18:32:40 GMT
Received: from iztacala.unam.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA11900; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 13:32:19 -0500
Received: from localhost (tvjred@localhost)
	by iztacala.unam.mx (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA03964
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 12:21:42 -0600
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 1998 12:21:41 -0600 (CST)
From: Tovar Juarez Edgar <tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Diseases in corals
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980121173718.30512A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980206121311.3682A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 57
    Does anyone know E-mail of James Servino or some photogrphs of all
    diseases in hermatypics corals of the Caribbean sea and Atlantic
    Ocean.
     Please direct responses directly to Edgar Tovar at
     tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx
     Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.
      Sincerely:
                   Edgar Tovar.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  6 15:43:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA23947; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:43:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA10868; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:45:05 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010855; Fri, 6 Feb 98 15:44:22 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA12278; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 20:30:41 GMT
Received: from hil-img-6.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA12273; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:30:36 -0500
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by hil-img-6.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id PAA27941
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:32:15 -0500 (EST)
Date: Fri, 6 Feb 1998 15:31:31 -0500
From: Thomas Peschak <106064.775@compuserve.com>
Subject: South African Coral Reefs
To: "(unknown)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199802061532_MC2-323D-EC7B@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id PAA23947
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 58
Dear Coral List Subscribers
I was wondering weather you would be so kind as to help me with the
following query.
I am trying to get in touch with Scientists and Researchers who have worked
or are currently working on the Coral Reefs off Maputaland, Natal, South
Africa. If anyone knows the  E-mail adresses of such people, I would be
most greatfull if you could send them to me at : 106064.775@compuserve.com.
I require this information concerning a Research proposal. Very little can
be found in readily available literature and I need to know what work has
been carried out and what the future agenda is for that region, so as to
avoid duplication of earlier or proposed research. .
Thanks for any information in advance
Cheers
Thomas P. Peschak
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  6 19:28:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA26347; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 19:28:04 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA17708; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 19:29:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017702; Fri, 6 Feb 98 19:29:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA01204; Sat, 7 Feb 1998 00:17:54 GMT
Received: from mail.bogo.co.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA01199; Fri, 6 Feb 1998 19:17:48 -0500
Received: from kenn.bogo.co.uk (kenn.bogo.co.uk [193.192.194.110])
	by mail.bogo.co.uk (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id AAA12318
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 7 Feb 1998 00:06:14 GMT
Message-Id: <3.0.5.16.19980206201537.37ff73ca@mail.bogo.co.uk>
X-Sender: kenn@mail.bogo.co.uk
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (16)
Date: Fri, 06 Feb 1998 20:15:37 +0000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "K.H. von Kaufmann" <kenn@mail.bogo.co.uk>
Subject: E.Africa floods reef effects: summary of replies so far.
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 59
Dear Coral-listers,
Here is the information I have received so far on the effects of the floods
in East Africa on local reefs.  Several people asked for information and I
hope it may also be of interest to other list subscribers. Nothing specific
on the current floods effects, but am still looking and will get round to
reading some of the publications listed at the end.
-----------
If you have internet www access, you may want to check the ocean colour
page at seawifs.gsfc.nasa.gov. There is access to the NASA DAAC center
which distributes seawifs data, and you may browse images online for the
area of concern.
[have looked at this site. V good for ocean imagery, such as phytoplankton
seasonal changes.  Nothing so far on the EA floods]
-------------
I was struck by how silted up the northern reefs are, major influences
being the Tana River and the generally north-bound currents. The
latter are however reversed during the ?NE monsoon period. There has
certainly been argument about the role of silt-laden seasonally south-bound
currents onthe Watamu reefs, but I have not seen mention of impacts
other than local ones (e.g. Kilifi?) further south than that.
--------------
The East African Wildlife Society often has articles on the reefs in their
magazine "Swara."
The East African Wild Life Society,
P.O. Box 20110,
Nairobi, KENYA
Phone: +254 2748170
Fax: +254 2746868
E-Mail: Eawls@elci.gn.apc.org
-------------
I'm a coral biologist working in Mombasa trying to monitor the effects of
various stressors on coral reefs.  I have recorded a local mortality event at
the mouth of a temporary river/stream caused by flooding over a shallow
back reef lagoon, and imagine it's a fairly common phenomenon at odd
points along the coast.  However I haven't seen any large scale impacts, and
none where water depths are greater than 30 cm. or so.
------------
Dr. Tim McClanahan responds:
.... We have a number of study sites for studying coral, fish, algae,
sponges, snails and a few
other things in or just outside of the Malindi Marine park as well as many
other
study sites that might be affected by runoff. So, yes we have a
reasonable amount of information on the status of reefs in Kenya and
will hopefully be able to determine the effect of these changes on them.
I will attach a list of publications of which a few will interest you.
Our most recent publication is the one in the Journal of Experimental
Marine Biology and Ecology on sediments which summarizes a long-term
study.
Coral Reef Conservation Project Publications:
McClanahan, T.R., Glaesel, H. Rubens, J. & Kiambo, R. 1997. The effects of
traditional fisheries management on fisheries yields and the coral-reef
ecosystems of southern Kenya.  Environmental Conservation 24(2): 105-120
McClanahan, T.R. & Obura, D. 1997. Sedimentation effects on shallow coral
communities in Kenya. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology.
209: 103-122
McClanahan, T.R. 1988. Seasonality in East Africa's coastal waters. Marine
Ecology Progress Series. 44: 191-199.
McClanahan, T.R. & Muthiga, N.A. 1988. Changes in Kenyan coral reef
community structure and function due to exploitation. Hydrobiologia 66:
269-276.
POPULAR AND SEMI-POPULAR ARTICLES
McClanahan, T.R. 1997. Empty Ark? Swara 20(2): 7.
McClanahan, T.R. 1997. Letter from Under the Sea. Wildlife Conservation.
100 (2): 6-7
McClanahan, T.R. 1997. Fish Critical to Coral Reefs. Wildlife Conservation
100 (1): 8
McClanahan, T.R. 1995. The Shell Game. Wildlife Conservation
McClanahan, T.R. 1995. Pale Corals. Wildlife Conservation 98(1):10.
McClanahan, T.R. 1995. Creation of a Marine Park. Swara 17(6): 18-20.
McClanahan, T.R. 1994. Snails' Pace. Sea Frontiers 40(4):46-49.
McClanahan, T.R. 1992. Triggerfish: Coral reef keystone predators. Swara
15: 15:16
McClanahan, T.R. 1991. Conservation of Tropical Marine Molluscs. Reef
Encounter 9: 12-13.
McClanahan, T.R. 1990. Are Conservationists fish bigots? Bioscience
(Viewpoint): 40: 2.
McClanahan, T.R. 1990. Shell collecting and coral reefs. Swara 13(2):8-9.
McClanahan, T.R. & Muthiga, N.A. 1988. Kenya's coastal fisheries. Swara
11(1): 8-9.
McClanahan, T.R. 1987. Overfishing and coral reef degradation: a
preliminary report from East Africa. Conservation Biology 1(2): 97-99.
Technical Reports
Obura, D. & McClanahan, T.R. (1994). Status of Malindi Marine Park: Study
of the 1991 and 1992 Sabaki River Sediment Discharge on the Park's Coral
Community.  Coral Reef Conservation Project Report
----------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  9 12:31:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09436; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 12:31:25 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA06185; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 12:33:05 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006165; Mon, 9 Feb 98 12:32:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA07820; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:09:01 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA07815; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 12:08:35 -0500
Received: from biolpc212.york.ac.uk (biolpc212.york.ac.uk [144.32.10.24])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA22549;
	Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:09:41 GMT
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:09:41 -0800 (PST)
From: Nicola Marchesi <nvm100@york.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc: nvm100@york.ac.uk
Subject: MPAs Management
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.96.980209165341.6623A-100000@biolpc212.york.ac.uk>
X-X-Sender: nvm100@imap.york.ac.uk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 60
Dear All,
I'm currently conducting a comparative study of management
strategies applied in MPAs. In order to collect fresh and reliable
information I prepared a Survey Questionaire for MPA Managers.
My intention is to send the Questionaire via E-mail so that respondents
can reply to my message, fill it in (takes 20 min) and send it back
with no hassle.
I thought that posting it here on the list was not appropriate so, if
you are involved in marine parks management and you think you have valuable
information, please reply to me personally and I'll send you a copy of the
Questionaire. Thank you for your help and time !
My E-mail address : nvm100@york.ac.uk
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Mr. Nicola Marchesi                  B11 Ingram court
M.Res. Marine & Coastal Ecology      Garrowby way, Heslington
& Environmental Management           York YO1 5DL
University of York                   Mobile tel 0335 6633182
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  9 17:40:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA13637; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:40:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA18912; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:42:15 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018899; Mon, 9 Feb 98 17:41:58 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA08776; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 22:34:46 GMT
Received: from URIACC.URI.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@CORAL.AOML.NOAA.GOV> id RAA08771; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:34:37 -0500
Received:  by URIACC.URI.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R3a) via spool with SMTP id 4312 ; Mon, 09 Feb 1998 17:34:52 EST
Received: from URIACC.URI.EDU (NJE origin JLAN7796@URIACC) by URIACC.URI.EDU (LMail V1.2c/1.8c) with BSMTP id 2298; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:34:52 -0500
Date:         Mon, 09 Feb 98 17:31:41 EST
From: jenn <JLAN7796@uriacc.uri.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer:     MailBook 95.01.263
Message-Id:   <980209.173451.EST.JLAN7796@URIACC.URI.EDU>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 61
Hello Everyone!
     I am doing a presentation on the destruction of coral reefs by cyanide in
the Philippines and the Maldives Islands.  If anyone knows where I could find
some information to get started, I would appreciate that very much.  Please
email me at: jlan7796@uriacc.uri.edu with any information that you might have.
                             Thank you,
                             Jennifer Langheld
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  9 18:01:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA13824; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 18:01:46 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA19343; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 18:03:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019335; Mon, 9 Feb 98 18:02:54 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA08810; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 22:57:40 GMT
Received: from iztacala.unam.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA08805; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 17:57:33 -0500
Received: from localhost (epcoria@localhost)
	by iztacala.unam.mx (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id QAA16838
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.>; Mon, 9 Feb 1998 16:54:04 -0600
Date: Mon, 9 Feb 1998 16:54:03 -0600 (CST)
From: "Palacios Coria Eduardo (st)" <epcoria@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Use of stony corals
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980209164712.16734B-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 62
	Dear coral-listers
	Does anyone know of any references (photos, papers, books, videos,
etc.)on the use of stony corals for building purposes in ancient and
recent constructions.
	Please direct responses directly to Eduardo Palacios Coria at
epcoria@tlali.iztacala.unam-mx. Thanks you for any asistance you may be
able to provide
				Sincerely
				Eduardo Palacios Coria
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 10 10:46:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA21469; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 10:46:34 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA08649; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 10:48:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008578; Tue, 10 Feb 98 10:47:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA10354; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 15:35:19 GMT
Received: from taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA10349; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 10:34:32 -0500
Received: from kat1003 (helo=localhost)
	by taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk with smtp (Exim 1.854 #1)
	id 0y2Him-0007Sf-00; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 15:35:40 +0000
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 1998 15:35:40 +0000 (GMT)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Seeking Expedition Member
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980210152529.19520B-100000@taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA21469
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 63
The Southern Seychelles Atoll Research Programme will undertake a multi -
and inter - disciplinary research programme to study the shallow marine
and terrestrial environments and environmental history of 4 remote islands
in the Southern Seychelles, Indian Ocean, incorporating studies of i)
island stratigraphy and topography; ii) shallow marine hydrodynamics and
sedimentation; iii) coral reef structure and ecosystem functioning;  iv)
population dynamics of reef-dwelling fish and turtles; and v) reef
invertebrates and bioerosion. The Programme includes training components
for local scientists and is focused towards the preparation of
scientifically-informed management plans.
Our prime focus will be the sea-level platform reef complex of Providence
- Cerf and the raised reef island of St. Pierre, with visits to Alphonse
Atoll, Southern Amirantes on the outward leg, and Aldabra Atoll on the
return leg.  If time allows, we may also visit the islands of Farquhar
and/or Cosmoledo. These are sites where all team members have a scientific
interest and opportunities for inter-disciplinary collaboration; and where
the Research Programme can make a significant contribution to scientific
knowledge of this region.
The following are the primary areas of interest of the scientific
programme:
1.  Physical geography and island geology
2.  Benthic community structure and coral species inventory
3.  Coral reef fish community structure and species inventory
4.  Reef invertebrates and bioerosion
5.  Marine turtles
The expedition is due to leave from Mahe Seychelles on 18 MARCH 1998 and
return 8 MAY 1998.
We currently have 7 members of the scientific team and are seeking ONE
MORE MEMBER.
This member MUST have extensive field experience and have the scientific
background to compliment the physical geography and island geology portion
of the programme.  As each member is making a financial contribution to
the funding of the expedition the member being sought will be required to
contribute 2000 ($3300 USD).  This will cover the costs on board the ship
BUT does NOT include airfare to the Seychelles, local costs in Mahe and
personal equipment.
CLOSING DATE:  1200 GMT Friday 20 FEB 1998
All interested persons should please send  (email/fax preferred) a one
page letter of application and a brief CV (3 page MAX) to:
Dr Tom Spencer
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place
Cambridge  CB3 2EN
Tel. +44 (0) 1223 333350
Fax  +44 (0) 1223 355674
email:  ts111@hermes.cam.ac.uk
_______________________________________________________________
Kristian A. Teleki		Tel   +44 1223 333399 (General)
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit       +44 1223 339775 (Direct)
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge		Fax   +44 1223 355674
Downing Place
Cambridge  CB2 3EN		Email: kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
United Kingdom
_______________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 10 16:48:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA04266; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:48:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA25357; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:50:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025353; Tue, 10 Feb 98 16:50:13 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11125; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 21:38:41 GMT
Received: from mailsys.senate.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA11120; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:38:30 -0500
Received: from mailexc2.senate.gov by mailsys.senate.gov; (8.8.5/SCO5) id QAA15720; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:40:08 -0500 (EST)
Received: from ccMail by mailexc2.senate.gov
  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.11 Enterprise) id 003CCFC2; Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:40:07 -0500
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Tue, 10 Feb 1998 16:03:24 -0500
Message-ID: <003CCFC2.1947@commerce.senate.gov>
From: Stephanie_Bailenson@commerce.senate.gov (Stephanie Bailenson)
Subject: Coral conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 64
     Greetings.  I am a Sea Grant Fellow working in the office of the
     Senate Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries.  We are currently
     reviewing a bill that passed through the House that targets coral reef
     conservation.  I am writing to invite you to submit to me your
     questions, comments, or concerns to assist us as we go through the
     markup and amendment process.  Let me know what is good, bad, or
     missing.  You can access the text  of the bill (H.R. 2233) directly at
     http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d105:18:./temp/~bds81k::|bss/d
     105query.html|
     I know it is long but it will take you directly to the bill.  You can
     also access legislative history via www.congress.gov and inputting
     HR2233 in the quick search box.
     I am particularly interested in comments regarding the definition of a
     coral reef in Section 3, part 2.
     You can reply directly to me at
     <stephanie_bailenson@commerce.senate.gov>
     Thank you,
     Stephanie Bailenson
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 11 11:11:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA11272; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 11:11:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA14949; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 11:12:56 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014932; Wed, 11 Feb 98 11:12:39 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA12867; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 15:00:31 GMT
Received: from arl-img-1.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA12861; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 10:00:25 -0500
Received: (from mailgate@localhost)
	by arl-img-1.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id KAA09755
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 10:01:37 -0500 (EST)
Date: Wed, 11 Feb 1998 10:00:58 -0500
From: "Julian F. Sprung" <JSprung@compuserve.com>
Subject: Message from Internet
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199802111001_MC2-32E6-F850@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA11272
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 65
Jennifer Langheld wrote:
Hello Everyone!
     I am doing a presentation on the destruction of coral reefs by cyanide
in
the Philippines and the Maldives Islands.  If anyone knows where I could
find
some information to get started, I would appreciate that very much.  Please
email me at: jlan7796@uriacc.uri.edu with any information that you might
have.
                             Thank you,
                             Jennifer Langheld
Dear Jennifer,
Are there reports of Cyanide fishing in the Maldives??? I had not heard
about it. The Philippines and Indonesia are the main regions where this
practice has spread.
I am interested in the subject, not just because I think it is a serious
problem, which it certainly is, but also because there is an unproved
assumption in your inquiry, and in the anecdotal reports of others, that
cyanide kills corals. I have a hunch that it does not. However, its
widespread use as a fishing method would certainly be harmful to reefs
because of the massive fish mortalities cyanide fishing causes, and the
ease with which it is used to remove the big fish (and the demand for these
fish, live, at insane value to wealthy Asians). The problem is compounded
by dynamite fishing and other physically destructive methods employed in
the same regions.
I recall an article by Dr. Shinn in which he described how Acropora
cervicornis inserted into crude oil for extended periods of time was
unharmed (though oil with dispersants killed it). The corals were protected
by their mucus. I suspect that with cyanide sprayed on them the corals'
mucus would provide protection until tidal flushing washed away the poison,
which would happen quite rapidly. I have not personally tested this, so my
"observations" are from the armchair. However, I received an interesting
e-mail message-- posted to this list last June- that seems to confirm my
suspicions. I reproduce it for you here:
"As you may know, the Asian Development Bank, World Bank, GEF, AusAID,
     JICA and the Government of Indonesia are formulating a major Coral
     Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project in Indonesia and we seekthe
cooperation of Coral-List members in providing the technical
     backstopping for this ambitious undertaking.
     One of the unresolved areas debated in Indonesia and the Philippines
is the extent to which coral reefs can recover from cyanide poisoning
associated with illegal fishing for the live fish trade.  In a 1986 paper,
Peter Rubec noted that researchers in the Philippines were divided on the
question of whether squirting sodium cyanide at coral reefs caused their
death.  "Scleratinian corals reacted by retracting their polyps and exuding
a mucoid substance.  In a matter of minutes,
     the polyps came out again positioned in the usual way."  "A second
     dose was given four months after the first. A day after the second
     application, all corals appeared to have recovered.  But when the
     stations were revisited three months later, all corals in the test
     quadrats were dead."  The results may have been confounded by an
     outbreak of COTS (Acanthaster sp.).
     Can anyone explain a mechanism that would allow the corals to survive
for four months after the first dose, apparently recover after the second
dose, and then appear to have died 3 months later?  What have other field
or laboratory tests shown in relation to recovery rates following cyanide
poisoning?"
     Peter King
     Asian Development Bank
     Manila, Philippines
From: Peter N. King <peking@mail.asiandevbank.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: riskmj@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA, sbettencourt@worldbank.org
Subject: Recovery from cyanide poisoning
Considering Mr. King's question, it should be obvious that the coral
mortality was from an unrelated causes (perhaps just Acanthaster, but also
possibly high water temp, or disease). It is easy to jump to conclusions,
i.e. cyanide is a poison, therefore it must kill corals. It may very well
do so, but without proper, controlled experiments, it is irresposible to
claim that it does. That it is harmful to reefs by virtue of fish removal
is something easier to demonstrate.
Perhaps you can find the reference info you are looking for by contacting
Mr. King. Good luck with your work and beware the temptation to claim you
know why corals die!
Sincerely,
Julian Sprung
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 11 13:07:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA13293; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 13:07:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA21085; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 13:08:50 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021061; Wed, 11 Feb 98 13:08:08 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA01274; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 17:17:04 GMT
Received: from mailsys.senate.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA01269; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 12:17:00 -0500
Received: from mailexc2.senate.gov by mailsys.senate.gov; (8.8.5/SCO5) id MAA10313; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 12:18:32 -0500 (EST)
Received: from ccMail by mailexc2.senate.gov
  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.11 Enterprise) id 003D1C01; Wed, 11 Feb 1998 12:20:32 -0500
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Wed, 11 Feb 1998 12:17:45 -0500
Message-ID: <003D1C01.1947@commerce.senate.gov>
From: Stephanie_Bailenson@commerce.senate.gov (Stephanie Bailenson)
Subject: Coral conservation, part 2
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 66
Some members have told me that they have been unable to access HR 2233 via the
long string I sent in my original message.  I'd suggest going to
http://www.congress.gov
and entering HR 2233 in the Quick Search box.  This will bring you to the
options for this Bill.  You can access the text version that was referred to the
Senate as well as earlier drafts, amendments, and the House Committee Report.
I look forward to hearing from you,
Stephanie Bailenson
______________________________ Forward Header __________________________________
Subject: Coral conservation
Author:  Stephanie Bailenson at Commerce-DC
Date:    2/10/98 4:03 PM
     Greetings.  I am a Sea Grant Fellow working in the office of the
     Senate Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries.  We are currently
     reviewing a bill that passed through the House that targets coral reef
     conservation.  I am writing to invite you to submit to me your
     questions, comments, or concerns to assist us as we go through the
     markup and amendment process.  Let me know what is good, bad, or
     missing.  You can access the text  of the bill (H.R. 2233) directly at
     http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/D?d105:18:./temp/~bds81k::|bss/d
     105query.html|
     I know it is long but it will take you directly to the bill.  You can
     also access legislative history via www.congress.gov and inputting
     HR2233 in the quick search box.
     I am particularly interested in comments regarding the definition of a
     coral reef in Section 3, part 2.
     You can reply directly to me at
     <stephanie_bailenson@commerce.senate.gov>
     Thank you,
     Stephanie Bailenson
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 12 11:15:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA23011; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 11:15:13 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA04787; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 11:16:55 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004777; Thu, 12 Feb 98 11:16:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA04176; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 15:03:43 GMT
Received: from crs.loc.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA04171; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 10:03:17 -0500
Received: from CRSMAIL-Message_Server by crs.loc.gov
	with Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 10:02:22 -0500
Message-Id: <s4e2c8ae.089@crs.loc.gov>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 1998 10:01:18 -0500
From: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral info for Congress
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 67
Coral group:
      I'm seeking contacts/articles that might give me a current perspective on
several issues where I'm receiving queries from U.S. congressional staff.  Any
suggestions of who to chat with or what recent articles to track down would be
extremely helpful.  I'm looking more for "overview" information rather than
in-depth coverage at this point, although I may need to go further as this issue
evolves.
       Specific issues where I could use some assistance include:
       a)  a current update on Florida Bay restoration activities;
       b)  global perspective on the changing views of coral disease in recent
years -- what are the thoughts/understandings on what may be/is happening;
and
        c)  anyone with the perspective that would allow comments on the
comparison and contrast of coral and reef conservation-related activities in
Florida and Hawaii.
       Thanks in advance for whatever might be provided.
                                        Gene Buck, Senior Analyst
                                        Congressional Research Service
                                        Washington, DC
           gbuck@crs.loc.gov           fax:  (202) 707-7289
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 12 16:28:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA28465; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 16:28:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA23271; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 16:29:46 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023237; Thu, 12 Feb 98 16:29:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA04879; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 20:46:50 GMT
Received: from italy.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04874; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 15:46:46 -0500
Received: from 38.30.52.56 (ip173.miami5.fl.pub-ip.psi.net [38.30.51.173])
	by italy.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA12620
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 12 Feb 1998 12:47:47 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <34E319A0.2B@earthlink.net>
Date: Thu, 12 Feb 1998 15:47:44 +0000
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Macintosh; U; 68K)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coastal development impacts on reefs
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 68
Dear coral listers:
I am looking for information or references on recent (1990-) incidents
of direct coastal development impacts on coral reefs (i.e.,
sedimentation burial, dredging damage, degradation due to chronic
siltation, etc).  I am also looking for sources of photos that show
such impacts.
The information and photos will be used in the preparation of a policy
paper for distribution to coastal zone management decisionmakers.
Any help, no matter how small it may seem, will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!
Alexander Stone
ReefKeeper International
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 13 00:50:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA01082; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 00:50:18 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA29841; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 00:52:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029837; Fri, 13 Feb 98 00:51:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA05930; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 05:17:32 GMT
Received: from UPIMSRGSMTP10 by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA05925; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 00:17:28 -0500
Received: from upmajb02.msn.com - 204.95.110.74 by msn.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC;
	 Thu, 12 Feb 1998 21:18:33 -0800
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 98 08:15:27 UT
From: "BRAD KAFFENBERGER" <KAFF4042@classic.msn.com>
Message-Id: <UPMAIL05.199802130517460597@classic.msn.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: spiny lobster
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 69
	I am looking for any information on the conservation of the spiny lobster
populations of the caribbean.  I am going to be putting on a presentation
about the Turks and Caicos Island, in about a month or so, and my main focus
will be on their declining lobster populations.  Any recent attemps to sustain
this problem, or any news on the issu what so ever will be great.
Sincerely Yours,
Brad Kaffenberger
kaff4042@msn.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 13 13:17:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA09145; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 13:17:56 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA17421; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 13:19:39 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017399; Fri, 13 Feb 98 13:19:30 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA07014; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 17:06:18 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA07009; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 12:06:14 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA03290; Fri, 13 Feb 1998 12:07:19 -0500
Date: Fri, 13 Feb 1998 12:07:19 -0500
Message-Id: <199802131707.MAA03290@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Possible Bleaching -- Great Barrier Reef
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 70
The following note is being posted at our Hotspot Website at NOAA/NESDIS:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
Any information/confirmation would be apprecieated...
Al Strong
NOTES:    February 10, 1998
SSTs have warmed considerably off the eastern coast of Australia during the past
few weeks.  Our "HotSpot" chart indicates bleaching may have begun in the
southernmost region of the Great Barrier Reef.  To my knowledge, our SSTs from
1984 have not seen anything quite this warm.  Please provide us with information
from the field on this unprecedented event.
AES
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 14 10:53:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA15599; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:53:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA14472; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:55:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014468; Sat, 14 Feb 98 10:55:06 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA10003; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 15:02:08 GMT
Received: from mailhost.IntNet.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA09998; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:02:04 -0500
Received: from daffodil.InfoChan.COM by mailhost.IntNet.net (8.8.5/INTNET/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA08596; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:03:44 -0500 (EST)
X-Auth: [208.135.98.66]
Received: from ntsa14.infochan.com by daffodil.InfoChan.COM (5.x/SMI-SVR4)
	id AD02573; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 09:55:48 -0500
Message-Id: <00c301bd3959$a5b950e0$4e6587d0@MyPC.infochan.com>
From: "Robert Murray" <rmurray@infochan.com>
To: "CORAL-LIST" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: FAO: Coral Reef Researchers & Students / Academic Programme Coordinaters
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 1998 09:45:13 -0500
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_00A3_01BD392D.3F1E3DE0"
X-Priority: 3
X-Msmail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-Mimeole: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 71
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_00A3_01BD392D.3F1E3DE0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
=20
ANY PERSONS INTERESTED IN CONDUCTING TROPICAL MARINE RESEARCH OR =
PARTICIPATING IN TROPICAL MARINE FIELD COURSES, PLEASE READ ON
=20
=20
New research and study opportunities are now available at the Discovery =
Bay Marine Laboratory (University of the West Indies).
=20
Researchers, university field-course & marine programme co-ordinators, =
and students of marine biology (undergraduate and postgraduate) are =
invited to contact us directly to discuss their research interests. =
Students wishing to add a season/year of fieldwork to their university =
degree programmes are considered eligible for subsidy.
=20
DBML is located on the north coast of Jamaica, immediately adjacent to a =
classically defined fringing reef to which travel takes less than 10 =
minutes by boat. This long-established marine research/field station has =
a large wet laboratory with running seawater, several 'dry' =
laboratories, a library, a darkroom, workshops, accommodation and =
catering facilities for up to 60 people, full diving facilities =
(including mixed gas diving), 8 boats, and a recompression chamber. =
Research and teaching at DBML, are focused primarily on coral reefs (but =
also include work on inshore oceanography, fisheries, and terrestrial =
ecology)..........
=20
For much more information about DBML, its research, facilities, rates, =
and all contact details, view our website:
=20
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_Laboratory/=
=20
or contact;
=20
Laboratory Director - Dr. Michael Haley
Principal Scientific Officer - Mr. Peter Gayle
Administration - Mrs. June Lawrence
=20
Tel. (876) 973 2241
Fax. (876) 973 3091
e-mail: dbml@infochan.com=20
=20
------=_NextPart_000_00A3_01BD392D.3F1E3DE0
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 =
HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML =
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 =
HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML =
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.2106.6"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#00ffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><STRONG><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></STRONG></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT =
face=3DArial>ANY=20
PERSONS<STRONG> </STRONG>INTERESTED IN CONDUCTING <STRONG>TROPICAL =
MARINE=20
RESEARCH </STRONG>OR PARTICIPATING IN <STRONG>TROPICAL MARINE FIELD =
COURSES,=20
</STRONG>PLEASE READ ON</FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2><STRONG></STRONG></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT face=3DArial>New =
research and study=20
opportunities are now available at the <A=20
href=3D"file:///C:/CServe/HPWIZ/PROJECT/DBML Web/Facilits.htm#marine =
laboratory">Discovery=20
Bay Marine Laboratory</A> (University of the West=20
Indies).</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><STRONG><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Researchers, university =
field-course &amp;=20
marine programme co-ordinators, and students of marine biology =
(undergraduate=20
and postgraduate) are invited to contact us directly to discuss their =
research=20
interests. </STRONG>Students wishing to add a season/year of fieldwork =
to their=20
university degree programmes are considered eligible for =
subsidy.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>DBML is located on the north coast of =
Jamaica,=20
immediately adjacent to a classically defined fringing reef to which =
travel=20
takes less than 10 minutes by boat. This long-established marine =
research/field=20
station has a large wet laboratory with running seawater, several 'dry'=20
laboratories, a library, a darkroom, workshops, accommodation and =
catering=20
facilities for up to 60 people, full diving facilities (including mixed =
gas=20
diving), 8 boats, and a recompression chamber. Research and teaching at =
DBML,=20
are focused primarily on coral reefs (but also include work on inshore=20
oceanography, fisheries, and terrestrial ecology)..........</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>For much more information about DBML, =
its research,=20
facilities, rates, and all contact details, view our =
website:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><A=20
href=3D"http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_Lab=
oratory/"><FONT=20
face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Discovery_Bay_Marine_La=
boratory/</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT face=3DArial>or=20
contact;</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Laboratory Director - Dr. Michael=20
Haley</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><FONT color=3D#000000>Principal =
Scientific Officer -=20
Mr. Peter Gayle</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2>Administration -=20
Mrs. June Lawrence</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT face=3DArial>Tel. (876) =
973=20
2241</FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT =
size=3D2></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT size=3D2>Fax. =
(876) 973=20
3091</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>e-mail: <A=20
href=3D"mailto:dbml@infochan.com">dbml@infochan.com</A> </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000><FONT size=3D2><FONT=20
face=3DArial></FONT></FONT></FONT><FONT face=3DArial><FONT=20
size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_00A3_01BD392D.3F1E3DE0--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 14 14:54:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA15950; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 14:54:07 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA16046; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 14:55:50 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016042; Sat, 14 Feb 98 14:55:32 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA10319; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 18:54:11 GMT
Received: from norway.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA10314; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 13:54:07 -0500
Received: from [38.26.12.83] (ip83.an1-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.12.83])
	by norway.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA13285
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:55:01 -0800 (PST)
Date: Sat, 14 Feb 1998 10:55:01 -0800 (PST)
X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <l03130301b1099e7a9fa2@[38.26.12.230]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 72
In response to J. Sprung Statement
SPRUNG WROTE:I am interested in the subject, not just because I think it is
a serious
problem, which it certainly is, but also because there is an unproved
assumption in your inquiry, and in the anecdotal reports of others, that
cyanide kills corals. I have a hunch that it does not.
CERVINO: (#1)There is evidence that cyanide does infact kill corals. The
GCRA was
on assignment in the Philippines, and have documentation of coral heads
completely
killed by cyanide. We have photos of corals completely killed after
exposure to
cyanide. The sites were pointed out by EX cyanide fisherman of colonies of
Acropora sp.
These corals were absent of tissue after the squirting was completed. These
colonies
had been vacant of tissue and overgrown with algae for 2 years. Reefs off
Malaysia
(Borneo) were also affected by cyanide back in late 1980s These particular
coral colonies
have never regained their zooxanthallae after repeated squirts of cyanide
within the Acroporid
colony, complete tissue degradation and slight dissolving of the Ca
skeleton was evident.
(#2) Dr. Robert Richmond of the University of Guam  should be contacted
for video and data showing the impact of cyanide on corals at much lower
concentrations
than fishermen use.
SPRUNG: However, its widespread use as a fishing method would certainly be
harmful to
reefs because of the massive fish mortalities cyanide fishing causes, and the
ease with which it is used to remove the big fish (and the demand for these
fish, live,
at insane value to wealthy Asians).
CERVINO:  What is being overlooked here, is that the damage is not just
being suffered by the fish, which are indeed suffering high mortalities due
to cyanide. The cyanide is clearly taking a toll on the corals as well.
Though the  mucus cover can protect corals from certain invasive stressors,
it is not protective enough to withstand the poisoning effect of cyanide,
as we have seen to be dramatically demonstrated by the reefs in islands of
the Philippines.
We must also identify with the massive destruction of reefs for the
importation
of corals for the aquarium trade. The GCRA is calling for a complete ban on
any importation
of corals to the US, due to the threat  reefs are under from natural and
anthropogenic disturbances.
This immoral practice must be stopped and should have been called for
during the International
Year of The Reef.
SPRUNG: One of the unresolved areas debated in Indonesia and the Philippines
is the extent to which coral reefs can recover from cyanide poisoning
associated with illegal fishing for the live fish trade.  In a 1986 paper,
Peter Rubec noted that researchers in the Philippines were divided on the
question of whether squirting sodium cyanide at coral reefs caused their
death.  "Scleratinian corals reacted by retracting their polyps and exuding
a mucoid substance.  In a matter of minutes, the polyps came out again
positioned in the usual way."  "A second dose was given four months after
the first. A day after the second application, all corals appeared to have
recovered.
CERVINO: WHO WERE THE RESEARCHERS INVOLVED? WERE THEY SCIENTISTS or
LAB TECHS?WORKING FOR AQUARIUM TRADE OR DEVELOPERS?
Yes, we agree that corals expend energy pumping their epidermal
muco-ciliary system when
they are removing sediments, or exposed to increased temperatures and
pollution. This process
is used by the coral to protect itself from natural disturbances. When
cyanide is used for the
aquarium trade to capture fish, this compounds the negative affects that
are happening to
 the coral, which can lead to coral diseases, or immediate death from the
exposure to the cyanide.
In response to the stress of cyanide, the coral produces mucus as a defense.
This mucus creates a wider surface area on the tops of coral heads. This
additional mucus will
attract naturally occurring bacteria, which  will utilize the coral mucus
as an energy source.
Those bacteria can cause coral mortalities by producing toxins, eventually
leading to anoxia
(Mitchell & Chet, 1975, Peters 78 Rublee et al. 80).  We also noticed white
band disease,
red band disease, black band disease, and a new fungal disease affecting
the Porites sp.
in the Batangas region of the Philippines.  Also most of the corals have
cyanobacteria
colonizing over the coral colonies.
SPRUNG: I recall an article by Dr. Shinn in which he described how Acropora
cervicornis inserted into crude oil for extended periods of time was
unharmed (though oil with dispersants killed it). The corals were protected
by their mucus. I suspect that with cyanide sprayed on them the corals'
mucus would provide protection until tidal flushing washed away the poison,
which would happen quite rapidly.
CERVINO:According to J.B.C. Jackson et. al. 1-6-89, Science vol. 243:
Subtidal Reefs:
"Populations of subtitle sessile organisms were surveyed on six fringing
reefs between
Isla Margarita and Isla Grande within 1 year before and 4 months after the
oil spill.
Abundance of most common scleractinian coral genera in depths <3m decreased
by 76%;
even at 9 to 12 m the drop was 45%. Reductions were less at Isla Margarita
and generally
absent on the unoiled reefs, except at one site northeast of Portabelo for
no apparent reason.
This relation between amount of oiling on the six reefs and decrease in
coral cover
was significant for 0 to 3m. Sublethal effects were also substantial,
bleaching, swelling
of tissues, mucus production, recently dead corals with loss of tissue, and
globs of oil
were evident on the surviving corals. In some cases, bleached or dead areas
were
surrounded by a black halo characteristic of bacterial infection. Both the
frequency and
size of recently dead lesions on the commonest massive corals increased
markedly
with the amount of oil at each reef and decreased with water depth. These
effects
were also species specific.  In the case of S. siderea, which suffered
most, new partial
mortality was still disproportionately common on heavily oiled reefs 1 year
after the spill,
not to mention the other marine organisms".
CLOSING THOUGHTS ON CYANIDE FISHING:
According to International Marine Life Alliance, since 1960, more than a
million
kilograms sodium cyanide-has been used on the reefs in the Philippines to
stun and
capture ornamental aquarium fish, and now this practice has spread to
Indonesia and
Papua New Guinea. The IMA have been implementing safe capture methods
(using nets)
for obtaining these fish, due to the negative affects it is  having on the
coral reefs. An IMA
paperback is available with photos from regarding the efforts and
strategies for safe capture
of these fish for the aquarium and restaurant trade in Asia. If we cannot
ban the capture of fish
from for the aquarium trade, the safe methods of capture must be mandatory.
Scientists and
local governments must come together to ban the importation of corals for
the aquarium trade.
Hopefully this can be one of the goals for the International Year of the Ocean!
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 14 19:23:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA16562; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 19:22:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA18528; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 19:24:43 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018521; Sat, 14 Feb 98 19:24:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA10606; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 23:36:54 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA10601; Sat, 14 Feb 1998 18:36:50 -0500
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.14.183]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 581-43702U150000L150000S0) with SMTP id AAA23135
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Sun, 15 Feb 1998 07:37:39 +0800
Message-ID: <34E60D8A.D69@tm.net.my>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 1998 05:32:58 +0800
From: DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0GoldC-NSCP  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Anti-Fouling & Reef Ecology
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 73
Hi Coral-L,
Can someone summarize the chemical reaction that makes anti-fouling
paints effective in detering marine life from attaching to boat hulls -
from a small row boat to a super tanker?  What types of anti-fouling
paints are commonly used?  Are there any systems that utilize an
electrical discharge field rather than paints?
I am also curious as to how this may affect the marine ecology -
especially coral reefs.  Can marinas & coral reefs "live" together or
will the anti-fouling [and ,of course, other waste loads associated] be
a toxic problem?  I have heard of marinas virtually destroying nearby
ecosystems in Europe based on anti-fouling residues.  Is this true?
If a small boat's anti fouling paint has a toxic effect to its
surroundings...then can we imagine the effect that a large cargo ship
has?  ...Or, an entire harbor full of large ships?
Anyone have opinions & data on this syndrome?
Don Baker
THE REEF PROJECT
Borneo
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 15 01:34:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA16965; Sun, 15 Feb 1998 01:34:56 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA22552; Sun, 15 Feb 1998 01:36:37 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022546; Sun, 15 Feb 98 01:36:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA11021; Sun, 15 Feb 1998 06:00:37 GMT
Received: from camel14.mindspring.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA11016; Sun, 15 Feb 1998 01:00:31 -0500
Received: from 209.86.10.61 (user-38lc2ht.dialup.mindspring.com [209.86.10.61])
	by camel14.mindspring.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id BAA05945
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 15 Feb 1998 01:01:27 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <34E63E2E.834B518@mindspring.com>
Date: Sun, 15 Feb 1998 01:00:46 +0000
From: Sander <skean1@mindspring.com>
Reply-To: skean1@mindspring.com
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral info <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: whale watch
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; x-mac-type="54455854"; x-mac-creator="4D4F5353"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 74
Sorry for cluttering up the system a bit but I thought someone here
might be able to advise. I'm looking for a whale watching trip around
the 18th Feb in the Bahamas or Carib. A gift for my very significant
other. Anyone have any ideas on location? Dom Rep? Dominica? Grenadines?
Dive ops a plus. If I'm out of line with this request please let me
know. I'm new at this and still don't know all of the protocols. Thanks,
peace,
Sander
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 16 08:41:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA19872; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 08:41:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA05976; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 08:43:20 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005967; Mon, 16 Feb 98 08:43:13 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA13410; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 12:37:01 GMT
Received: from isurus.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA13405; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 07:36:56 -0500
Received: from ppp5.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us by isurus.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us  with smtp
	(Linux Smail3.2.0.92 #2) id m0y4Pnr-0011W4C; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 07:37:43 -0500 (EST)
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 1998 07:31:55 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>,
        FISH-SCI list <FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se>
Subject: Pigeon Key courses
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.980216072933.15807B-100000@ppp5.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
X-X-Sender: emueller@isurus.mote.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 75
Apologies for any cross-postings.
Second Circular - Note March 20 application deadline.
1998 Advanced Courses in Tropical Marines Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center
16-23 August, 1998
The following courses are offered for advanced undergraduates and graduate
students. Working professionals desiring to gain current information in
these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The courses take a
hands-on approach and address current issues in the respective fields.
Each course will be limited to 12 students.
****************************************************************************
Reproduction and Recruitment in Tropical Marine Fishes
Jonathan M. Shenker, Ph.D., Florida Institute of Technology
Description: This course will address topics ranging from reproductive
behavior and physiology to a "larva-eye" view of the pelagic environment
to broad ocean-wide processes that affect recruitment. There will be focus
on characterizing various processes as possible "bottlenecks" in the
population dynamics of fish species, and the implication of these
bottlenecks for fisheries management. Both general principles as
well as details specific to the Florida Keys will be discussed. Larval and
juvenile fishes will be sampled from pelagic habitats for taxonomic
analysis,  behavior observations and measurements of growth rates,
including age/growth estimation through otolith analysis. Fish behavior in
the field will also be observed.  Experiments will be conducted to
quantify nightly recruitment levels at artificial reefs deployed near
Pigeon Key. Student teams will coordinate collection of different data
sets for presentation at end of class.
Prerequisites: College level biology courses are required. Courses in
vertebrate zoology, fisheries biology, developmental biology, ecology,
physical oceanography and general marine sciences will be helpful. SCUBA
optional. Course cost: $750.00
***************************************************************************
Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.
Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef
organisms.Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field
monitoring data and physiological, histological and microbiological
techniques. The course will provide students with a state-of-the-art
overview of reef pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an
understanding of the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.
Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Courses in invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ecology,
chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, histology or marine sciences will be
helpful. Course cost: $800.00.
**************************************************************************
Credit
The PKMRC is not offering credit through any institution. However, the
PKMRC and instructors will work with the students' institutions to provide
credit if possible (through directed studies, research courses, etc.). The
student, or institutional representative, should then let the instructor
know what requirements are necessary. For example, credit-seeking students
may have to write a paper or take an exam. This approach allows us to keep
our costs down and eliminate any potential dificulties with transfer of
credit.
Costs
The course fee includes all course materials, accommodations (in the
newly-restored, historic dormitory), all meals (dinner, 8/16 through
breakfast on 8/23), SCUBA costs and weights. Participants should provide
mask, fins and snorkel and, if diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight
belt.  Use of SCUBA equipment requires completion of additional forms,
medical clearance and acceptance by the Mote Marine Laboratory Diving
Safety Officer.
Key  Dates
        20 March, 1998 - Application receipt deadline.
        3 April, 1998 - Acceptance packets mailed out.
        1 May, 1998 - Deposits due.
        12 June, 1998 - Last day to request refunds.
        31 July, 1998 - Balance and dive forms due.
        16 August, 1998 - Courses start.
For more information and application materials, contact:
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center   Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL   33050
Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
           http://www.mote.org
Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 16 18:28:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA23604; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 18:28:10 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA16120; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 18:29:53 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016115; Mon, 16 Feb 98 18:29:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA14534; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 22:40:44 GMT
Received: from sand.global.net.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA14529; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 17:40:40 -0500
Received: from client14e0.globalnet.co.uk (client14e0.globalnet.co.uk [195.147.14.224])
	by sand.global.net.uk (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id WAA09909
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.>; Mon, 16 Feb 1998 22:41:21 GMT
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 1998 22:41:21 GMT
Message-Id: <199802162241.WAA09909@sand.global.net.uk>
X-Sender: ewood@mail.globalnet.co.uk
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Dr Elizabeth Wood <ewood@globalnet.co.uk>
Subject: Marine aquarium fisheries
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 76
Dear coral listers,
I am in the process of finalising a report on the Marine Aquarium Industry
for a Global Overview of the Status of Coral Reef Fishes being prepared by
the IUCN SSC Coral Reef Specialist Group. I would like to quote as many
up-to-date sources of information as possible, and at this stage am
particularly seeking unpublised reports and on-going research dealing with
management and monitoring. It would also be particulary useful to hear about
aquarium fisheries that have opened up - or closed down - in the last year
or so.
If you have any information that you consider would be relevant for this
report please get in touch with me directly.
Thanks,
Liz Wood
Dr Elizabeth Wood,
Marine Conservation Society,
Hollybush,
Chequers Lane,
Eversely, Hook,
Hants RG27 ONY, UK
Fax  + 44 (0)1189 731832
Tel  + 44 (0)1189 734127
E-mail: ewood@globalnet.co.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 17 05:45:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA25655; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 05:45:19 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA20806; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 05:47:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020802; Tue, 17 Feb 98 05:46:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA15326; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 09:45:54 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA15321; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 04:45:50 -0500
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 1998 04:45:50 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: your mail
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980217043317.15296C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980217043339.15296D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 77
In response to recent enquiries, please see below from the Coral-List
Welcome Message, and following further reminder.
> ...Appropriate subjects for discussion might
> include:
>
> 	o  coral bleaching events
> 	o  outbreaks of coral diseases
> 	o  high predation on coral reefs
> 	o  environmental monitoring sites
> 	o  incidences of coral spawnings
> 	o  shipwrecks on reefs
> 	o  international meetings and symposia
> 	o  funding opportunities
> 	o  marine sanctuary news
> 	o  new coral-related publications
> 	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
> 	o  coral health initiatives
> 	o  new and historical data availability
> 	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology
> 	o  recent reports on coral research
...or anything else related to preserving coral reef ecosystems, including
new coral-related Web Page announcements.  The marbio, and other
listservers, may be more appropriate for other topics.
Please make comments as succinct as possible, post your messages in plain
ASCII (not attached word processing documents, not HTML code), no
advertisements for commercial (or personal) purposes, and be nice!
Thank you for your continued support of coral-list.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 17 08:10:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA26532; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 08:10:00 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA23926; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 08:11:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023918; Tue, 17 Feb 98 08:11:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA15928; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 12:22:51 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA15923; Tue, 17 Feb 1998 07:22:48 -0500
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 1998 07:22:48 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral reef rehabilitation
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980217072107.15860B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 78
Forwarded message:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From: reefprj@tm.net.my
Date: Mon, 16 Feb 1998 17:00:22 -0800
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
Subject: Coral reef rehabilitation
Hello everyone,
My name is Wilson Alex and I am currently doing my research degree here in
Malaysia.  My research encompassing coral reef rehabilitation that focus
on the zooxanthellae that live in corals and the giant clams.  Many
(researcher) believed that the presence of giant clam in reef area
enhanced the vitality of coral larvae.  These, I suppose is true as giant
clam is a "true farmers" of the symbiotic algae and release excess of it
to the water surrounding.  Maruyama (1997) studied the number of
zooxanthellae in the feces of giant clam which he assessed contained free
living zooxanthellae.
The source of the zooxanthellae in the water surrounding may as well comes
from other cnidarians.  But I believe that this is true on pristine reef
condition.  How about degraded reef area where all supply of zooxanthellae
to the water column is cut off if you will.  So, by stocking this bivalves
in the reef area, the clam may supply these algae to that area...and who
knows, that event may bring back coral population to the degraded reef; a
new vistas in coral reef rehabilitation. Is anybody out there been doing
this research or similar to it?
I received "green light" from the University Malaysia Sabah to do this
research.  I am now attached to "The Reef Project" a center for coral reef
and giant clam rehabilitation in Sabah Malaysia.  I welcome any
comment...Thank you
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 18 11:57:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06450; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:57:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24189; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:58:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024181; Wed, 18 Feb 98 11:58:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA19009; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 15:56:09 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA19004; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:56:05 -0500
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:56:05 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Postdoc Position - Marine Reserve Theory
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980218105418.18833K-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 79
Please respond to granthab@bcc.orst.edu:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: Brian Grantham <granthab@ava.bcc.orst.edu>, on 2/17/1998 1:51 PM:
To: <cmpan@ucdavis.edu>
 POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT
Post-Doctoral Position
National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
University of California at Santa Barbara
The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
(NCEAS) invites applications for a postdoctoral position
for the project entitled "Developing the Theory of Marine
Reserves." Under the leadership of Jane Lubchenco, Steve
Palumbi, and Steve Gaines, this project will focus on
developing the theoretical basis for the design and
implementation of marine reserves. The postdoctoral
researcher's activities will include collecting and
summarizing existing data on marine reserves, providing
support for the working group, and participating in the
development of theory, models, and experimental design
protocols for marine reserves. A considerable amount
of demographic and/or genetic modeling and computer
programming is anticipated. The successful applicant
will reside at NCEAS for 18 months as a member of this
working group. The estimated start date for this
position is April 1, 1998. Review of applications will
begin March 1, 1998.
Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in ecology or a closely-
related field and have a strong background in ecological
or genetic modeling. The position is open to persons
with experience in any ecological system (terrestrial,
freshwater, etc.), but experience in marine ecology and
oceanography would be an asset. Prospective applicants
should obtain a copy of the project proposal from the
NCEAS Web site at http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/fmt/doc?/
nceas-web/projects/97LUBCH1.
Applicants will send a letter of application which
explains his/her interest in the project, a CV, and
the names (with email addresses) of three referees.
Applications should have Marine Reserves as the subject
field and should be directed to postapp@nceas.ucsb.edu
or by mail to:
     Frank Davis, Deputy Director
     National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis
     735 State Street, Suite 300
     Santa Barbara, CA 93101-3351
The University of California is an Equal
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
_______________________________________________________
Forwarded by:
Brian Grantham
Department of Zoology
Cordley 3029
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331
Email: granthab@bcc.orst.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 18 11:58:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06496; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:58:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24244; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:59:58 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024200; Wed, 18 Feb 98 11:59:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA18965; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 15:52:46 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA18960; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:52:43 -0500
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:52:43 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral reef rehabilitation (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980218105215.18833H-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 80
Forwarded message:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 17 Feb 1998 16:53:20 -0500
From: Harry McCarty <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral reef rehabilitation
Dear Wilson,
The first thing you need to be aware of is that all "zooxanthellae" are not
the same!  Has anyone found that the ones that inhabit clam tissues can
also infect coral gastrodermal cells?  Also, note that symbiotic algae from
one species of coral might not be able to infect another coral species.
Robert Trench and Robert Rowan have written some recent papers on this
topic.  I hope you will carefully check out the literature first.
Symbiotic algae from clam feces might serve as nutrient sources for other
organisms, that could be important on reefs.  One thing the clams might do
is, by filtering the water, reduce turbidity and increase light
penetration, making the area more hospitable to coral larvae that settle on
the reef and thus have a far better chance of surviving and growing (this
has been found with oysters in the Chesapeake Bay and zebra mussels in the
Great Lakes of the United States).  I'm not sure what you meant by
"degraded reef area where all supply of zooxanthellae to the water column
is cut off if you will" - do you mean that there will be fewer corals in
the area that might release symbiotic algae?  Good luck in your studies!
Esther Peters
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 18 11:58:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06520; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:58:17 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA24256; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 12:00:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024239; Wed, 18 Feb 98 11:59:50 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA18975; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 15:54:00 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA18970; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:53:57 -0500
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:53:57 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral reef rehabilitation (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980218105330.18833J-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 81
Forwarded message...please respond to list or to A. Baird:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 09:30:31
From: Andrew Baird <andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au>
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coral reef rehabilitation
Dear Wilson
regarding the central hypothesis of your work, ie that coral larval
vitality is improved by the presence of clams by increased availability of
zoox in the water column..
It is generally accepted that non-zooxznthellate coral larvae do not pick
up zoox. until after settlement. There is only one non-zooxznthellate
species, Fungia scutaria,  which has been demonstrated to collect larvae
while in the plankton ( Krupp 1983 Coral Reefs 2:159-164), though this is
an obvious area for future research. Nonetheless, the increased
availability of zoox may increase the survivorship of coral recruits. Again
this might be an interesting area for you to examine..
>Forwarded message:
>
>
>~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>
>From: reefprj@tm.net.my
>Date: Mon, 16 Feb 1998 17:00:22 -0800
>Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
>Subject: Coral reef rehabilitation
>
>Hello everyone,
>
>My name is Wilson Alex and I am currently doing my research degree here in
>Malaysia.  My research encompassing coral reef rehabilitation that focus
>on the zooxanthellae that live in corals and the giant clams.  Many
>(researcher) believed that the presence of giant clam in reef area
>enhanced the vitality of coral larvae.  These, I suppose is true as giant
>clam is a "true farmers" of the symbiotic algae and release excess of it
>to the water surrounding.  Maruyama (1997) studied the number of
>zooxanthellae in the feces of giant clam which he assessed contained free
>living zooxanthellae.
>
>The source of the zooxanthellae in the water surrounding may as well comes
>from other cnidarians.  But I believe that this is true on pristine reef
>condition.  How about degraded reef area where all supply of zooxanthellae
>to the water column is cut off if you will.  So, by stocking this bivalves
>in the reef area, the clam may supply these algae to that area...and who
>knows, that event may bring back coral population to the degraded reef; a
>new vistas in coral reef rehabilitation. Is anybody out there been doing
>this research or similar to it?
>
>I received "green light" from the University Malaysia Sabah to do this
>research.  I am now attached to "The Reef Project" a center for coral reef
>and giant clam rehabilitation in Sabah Malaysia.  I welcome any
>comment...Thank you
>
>
>
Andrew Baird		work:	61 77 814802
Dept. Marine Biology		home:	61 77 712379
James Cook University	fax: 	61 77 251570
Townsville Q. 4811		email:	andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
Australia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 18 11:58:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06522; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 11:58:18 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA24251; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 12:00:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024215; Wed, 18 Feb 98 11:59:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA18933; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 15:47:46 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA18928; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:47:42 -0500
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:47:42 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Other listservers
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980218104421.18833B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 82
Although it hasn't been updated in quite awhile, there is a list of other
listservers at:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/many_lists.html
This includes listservers for general marine biology, marine mammals,
fish, seagrasses, sharks, etc.  An internet search from your Web browser
might show more recent additions to the master lists, above.  (If you find
any new ones, let me know, and I'll update the master list.)
Hope this helps...
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 18 12:00:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA06610; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 12:00:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA24435; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 12:02:04 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024392; Wed, 18 Feb 98 12:01:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA19023; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 15:58:39 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA19018; Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:58:35 -0500
Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 10:58:35 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Expedition Science Staff Opportunities
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980218105622.18833L-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA06610
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 83
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: CCC Science Coordinator <ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
Expedition Science Staff Opportunities
Coral Cay Conservation (CCC) is seeking volunteer expedition science staff to
manage tropical coastal marine survey programmes in Belize, the Philippines
and Indonesia. CCC recruits teams of self-financing, international volunteers
to assist with surveys of tropical marine ecosystems, utilising validated
methods designed by CCC for data acquisition, assimilation and synthesis in
support of coastal resource management.
	Science Officer
The primary responsibilities of the Science Officer (SO)  are to train CCC
Volunteers and local counterparts in marine life identification, survey
techniques and other supporting skills, and to coordinate and report upon
all field survey programmes. The SO is fully briefed and trained by a more
experienced member of staff and has regular contact with CCC's UK-based
Science Coordinator. The SO position offers a unique opportunity to gain
practical experience teaching plus the organisation and management of
varied research projects.
The position of SO is a voluntary, non-salaried post and candidates are
required to spend a minimum of three months working on a CCC expedition.
Food, accommodation and basic maintenance costs are covered by CCC but SO's
are usually required to cover thei r own flight and insurance costs. SO's who
are able to commit for longer than four months will be considered for the
position of Project Scientist. The Project Scientist position is contracted
for six months and involves the same duties as an SO but addi tionally
incorporates data entry and analysis. The Project Scientist may be given the
opportunity to spent time away from the expedition base, becoming further
involved in data analysis and report writing. All Project Scientists will be
considered for fin ancial assistance for flight costs.
Minimum qualifications:
	Post-graduate degree in marine of biological sciences.
	Candidates must have proven experience in coral reef research.
	PADI Advanced Open Water Diver qualification (or equivalent).
	Preference will be given to candidates with:
	teaching experience;
	certification in power boat operation;
	good organisational and liaison skills.
	Assistant Science Officer
CCC also has opportunities for Assistant Science Officers (ASO's) on all
expeditions. The ASO position is open to those applicants with a relevant
BSc. degree and some fieldwork experience. The ASO is under the direct
supervision of the SO or Project Scie ntist and involves some teaching,
survey planning and data entry. The ASO may also be asked to coordinate the
survey work on satellite expedition bases. ASO's must cover the costs of
their own flights and insurance.
Vacancies: SO and ASO positions are available in Belize and the Indo-Pacific
throughout 1998 and beyond.
Applications: Please send a full CV (including the names and addresses of at
least two referees) and covering letter to:
Alastair Harborne
CCC Science Coordinator
154 Clapham Park Road
London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel:   44-(0)171-498-6248
Fax:   44-(0)171-498-8447
email: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 19 13:31:49 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA05062; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:31:46 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA04423; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:33:28 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004402; Thu, 19 Feb 98 13:33:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA22146; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 17:35:11 GMT
Received: from haleakala.aloha.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA22141; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 12:35:07 -0500
Received: from [204.94.118.93] (maui-36.u.aloha.net [204.94.118.93]) by haleakala.aloha.net (8.8.5/8.6.9) with ESMTP id HAA08661 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 07:35:38 -1000 (HST)
Message-Id: <v03010d00b1121f403fd2@[204.94.118.93]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 07:44:44 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net>
Subject: Save Our Seas
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA05062
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 84
Please send this notice of our upcoming celebration to your friends and
other interested parties:
We would like you to consider working with Save Our Seas.  We are planning
a celebration of the United Nations sponsored International Year of the
Ocean in June of 1998.  The Mission of the conference is:  To create a
model educational forum for the open exchange of ideas, to promote
conservation of our oceans through community and corporate partnership, and
to increase awareness through active participation in preserving our
world's greatest resource - the ocean.  We are already well into the
planning stage of our 1998 Oceans Conference which will take place on the
Island of Maui June 11-14, 1998, to coincide with Oceans Day and the global
celebration of the International Year of the Ocean.  At this time we do
need financial and volunteer support for the event.  The areas that we need
help are in promotion, administration, fund raising, video equipment
acquisition, facilities coordination, film selection, graphic arts design
and public relations.  If you are not able to help with our celebration,
consider organizing something for the International Year of the Ocean in
your own area.  It is time to start giving back to the ocean and practicing
stewardship.  Please check the website
http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/coc98_article.html for more information about
this upcoming event.
The other programs we promote are the creation of underwater marine parks,
the "Ocean Pulse" coral reef monitoring project for young adults (middle
and high school students), and community education through workshops and
videos for community access TV stations.   Please let us know if you are
interested in any of these projects.  More information can be obtained
about our organization at the website http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/.
The main theme for 1998 is to create underwater marine parks, and to tie
these into Hawaiian Ahupua'as.  Over 100 years ago, John Muir, the Father
of the American National Parks and founder of the Sierra Club, sought and
found in wilderness the source of humanity's spiritual health and
wholeness. From this source came his vision for
the establishment of a national park system which would promote
environmental education and protect our natural resources for future
generations.
Today, John Muir's legacy is a priceless and irreplaceable series of
national parks which include Yosemite, Mt. Ranier, The Petrified Forest,
and the Grand Canyon National Parks. Without Muir's vision, we would be a
country devoid of the natural wonders that sustain our spirit, nurture our
connection to the planet, and inspire our reverence for creation.
But what about the last wilderness, our Living Oceans? What have we done to
create a similar park system for the seas that sustain all life on our
planet? According to Dr. Sylvia Earle, author of SEA OF CHANGE, the United
States has only set aside ten (10) national marine parks.  Even in Hawaii,
the Ocean State, with the recent approval of the Hawaiian Islands Humpback
Whale National Marine Sanctuary, the grand total is now a pitiful eleven
(11)!   Maybe a marine, wetland, or water park would be a great addition to
your community.
The "Ocean Pulse" project has been on going since 1995, and is an
experiential education program that introduces young students to science.
The "Ocean Pulse" coral reef project educates the public about coral reef
ecology, promotes community involvement in and awareness of the protection
and health of nearby reefs, introduces students to science education
through the living laboratory surrounding their own island, and promotes
island stewardship and husbandry.  By making this on-going interactive
study available we educate people about coral reef monitoring procedures.
Our goal is to establish a global network of informed and empowered
"reefkeepers" to insure the well-being of coral reefs worldwide for future
generations, while empowering the local communities to continue their own
coral reef monitoring.  Check with your local schools and see if they would
like to have more experiential education in their science classes.
Community education is key to working to protect our oceans and the future
of our natural resources.  Our organization has committed itself to
producing educational videos that will bridge the gap between the
scientific community and the community at large.  The decisions are being
made at the community level, and the people making policy  need to be
informed about global as well as local issues.  Save Our Seas has been
making education videos for television since 1996, and feels that it is an
excellent way to reach people who would otherwise never have the
opportunity to learn some of these facts and concepts.  You can help by
getting these educational videos on the community access TV station in your
area.
Save Our Seas is continuing to plan a summit in celebration of the
International Year of the Ocean, 1998.  It seems that Hawaii is the perfect
place in the United States for such and event, since it is the Ocean State.
A number of government agencies and NGO's are co-sponsoring or
participating in the conference.  We invited Vice President Gore to attend
and have received a positive (though tentative) response from him.
Logistically, the Conference is well on its way, but we do need help,
especially with funding.   We are open to input about this ocean
celebration concept, as we are looking for a proactive way to introduce
ocean husbandry ideas to the general public.
Please contact us by mail at P.O. Box 1437, Paia, HI 96779, by telephone at
(808) 579-6282, by fax at (808) 579-6283, or by email at sos@aloha.net and
let us know if you are interested in working with any of these programs.
Thank you, and remember that you can do some of this same work in your own
community.
Have a great 1998, the International Year of the Ocean -
Carl  :)
 		      http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/
 	 	   Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director
	       "Save Our Seas"  P.O. Box 1437, Paia, HI 96779 USA
		       808-579-6282, fax 579-6283
 "Most people do not listen with the intent to understand, they listen with
the intent to reply.  They're either speaking or preparing to speak.'"
				Stephen R. Covey
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 19 14:23:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA05661; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 14:23:08 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA07156; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 14:24:53 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007150; Thu, 19 Feb 98 14:24:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA22305; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 18:43:24 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA22300; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:43:20 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	 id NAA25634; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:43:52 -0500
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 13:43:52 -0500
Message-Id: <199802191843.NAA25634@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Re: Galapagos -- Bleaching
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@bestweb.net
In-Reply-To: <v03010d00b1121f403fd2@[204.94.118.93]>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 85
SSTs [satellite] show 30 deg C water around Galapagos in our latest chart!!
This is nearly 2 degrees warmer than the waters that promoted the initial
bleaching reports there in mid-December.
AE Strong
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 19 15:50:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA07433; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 15:50:41 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA10878; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 15:52:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010868; Thu, 19 Feb 98 15:52:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA22571; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 20:04:37 GMT
Received: from norway.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA22566; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 15:04:33 -0500
Received: from 38.30.52.185 (ip69.miami9.fl.pub-ip.psi.net [38.30.71.69])
	by norway.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA02956
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 19 Feb 1998 12:05:02 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <34EC49FE.6A4B@earthlink.net>
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 15:04:30 +0000
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Macintosh; U; 68K)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: looking for Dr. Norman J. Quinn
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 86
Dear Coral Listers:
Can anyone give me contact info for Dr. Norman J. Quinn, late of the
University of the Virgin Islands?
Please respond to reefkeeper@earthlink.net.
Thanks!
Alexander Stone
ReefKeeper International
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 20 10:56:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA14820; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:56:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA13565; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:57:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013527; Fri, 20 Feb 98 10:57:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA24504; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 14:56:42 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA24499; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 09:56:39 -0500
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 1998 09:56:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Fungia scutaria is not azooxanthellate (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980220095616.24495A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 87
Forwarded message:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 19 Feb 1998 11:17:48 +0800
From: BWH <Bugwotro@202.159.93.195>
Reply-To: Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
Subject: Fungia scutaria is not azooxanthellate
Regarding message of A. Baird:
Dear Andrew,
Fungia scutaria, although free-living, is a zooxanthellate coral.
Specimens of this species are commonly found on shallow reef flats
and upper reef slopes, where they are usually exposed to much turbulence
and
light (Veron 1986, Hoeksema 1989, 1990).
References:
Hoeksema, B.W., 1989. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of
mushroom corals (Scleractinia: Fungiidae). - Zool. Verh. Leiden
254: 1-295.
Hoeksema, B.W., 1990. Systematics and ecology of mushroom corals
(Scleractinia: Fungiidae). PhD-thesis University of Leiden,
pp 1-471.
Veron, J.E.N., 1986. Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific.
Angus & Robertson Publishers, North Ryde, NSW, Australia, pp
i-xii, 1-644.
Bert Hoeksema
Program Buginesia WOTRO-UNHAS
PO Box 1624
Ujung Pandang 90016
Indonesia
Tel/fax: +62.411.442123
E-mail: Bugwotro@
Coral Health and Monitoring Program wrote:
>
> Forwarded message...please respond to list or to A. Baird:
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> Date: Wed, 18 Feb 1998 09:30:31
> From: Andrew Baird <andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au>
> To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
> Subject: Re: Coral reef rehabilitation
>
> Dear Wilson
>
> regarding the central hypothesis of your work, ie that coral larval
> vitality is improved by the presence of clams by increased availability of
> zoox in the water column..
>
> It is generally accepted that non-zooxznthellate coral larvae do not pick
> up zoox. until after settlement. There is only one non-zooxznthellate
> species, Fungia scutaria,  which has been demonstrated to collect larvae
> while in the plankton ( Krupp 1983 Coral Reefs 2:159-164), though this is
> an obvious area for future research. Nonetheless, the increased
> availability of zoox may increase the survivorship of coral recruits. Again
> this might be an interesting area for you to examine..
>
> Andrew Baird            work:   61 77 814802
> Dept. Marine Biology            home:   61 77 712379
> James Cook University   fax:    61 77 251570
> Townsville Q. 4811              email:  andrew.baird@jcu.edu.au
> Australia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 20 10:56:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA14819; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:56:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA13567; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:57:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013526; Fri, 20 Feb 98 10:57:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA24540; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 15:05:48 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA24535; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:05:45 -0500
Date: Fri, 20 Feb 1998 10:05:45 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Symposium
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980220100427.24495D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 88
Forwarded message:
To: coral-list
From: Gilbert Camoin <gcamoin@cerege.fr>
Subject: SYMPOSIUM 1999
Dear collegaues,
	These few words to inform you about the organization of an
international Symposium in Aix-en-Provence, France, in september 1999
and entitled "Paleoceanology of Reefs and Carbonate Platforms:=20
Miocene to Modern" (PRCP '99).=20
Informations and registration form available at http://www.cerege.fr
email address : prcp@cerege.fr=20
		camoin@cerege.fr
		dullo@geomar.de
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
International Symposium on
Paleoceanology of Reefs and Carbonate Platforms:=20
Miocene to Modern (PRCP '99)
Sponsored by the International Association of Sedimentologists and the
International Society for Reef Studies
27-30 September 1999=20
Aix-en-Provence, France
<underline>Convenors</underline> :
G.F. CAMOIN, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France
W.-Chr. DULLO, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany.
<underline>Scientific committee</underline> :
G.F. CAMOIN, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France.
A. DROXLER, Rice University, USA<italic>.</italic>
W.-Chr. DULLO, GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany.
P. FLOOD, University of New England, Australia.
W. HANTORO, RDCG, Indonesia.
M. PICHON, EPHE - Perpignan, France.
A. STRASSER, Universit=E9 de Fribourg, Switzerland
Location of the Symposium :
The Symposium will be held in Aix-en-Provence which has a long
university tradition and which now hosts the CEREGE, the new Centre
Europ=E9en de Recherche et d'Enseignement de G=E9osciences de
l'Environnement (Universit=E9 Aix-Marseille III, CNRS, ORSTOM).
Scientific themes :
* EFFECTS OF PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC AND CLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE EVOLUTION OF
REEF AND CARBONATE PLATFORM BIOTA
* PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS OF REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORM
=46ORMATION : TROPICAL VS COOL WATER CARBONATE SYSTEMS
* CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF RAPID SEA LEVEL CHANGES ON REEFS AND CARBONATE
PLATFORMS
* PALEOCLIMATIC AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHIC SIGNALS IN REEF ORGANISMS
* CYCLICITY AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY IN CARBONATE SYSTEMS AND
QUANTITATIVE MODELING
* IMPACT OF RECENT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON REEFS
* THE CARBON BUDGET IN REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS: SINKS AND
SOURCES.
* HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL OF CENOZOIC REEFS AND CARBONATE PLATFORMS
Informations and registration form available at: http://www.cerege.fr
email address : prcp@cerege.fr or camoin@cerege.fr
-------------------------------------------------------------------
</bigger></bigger></fontfamily>
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Dr Gilbert F. CAMOIN
=46R 6094-UMR 6536 du CNRS
CEREGE, Europole de l'Arbois,
BP 80 F-13545 Aix-en-Provence cedex 4
tel: + 33-4-42-97-15-14
fax:  + 33-4-42-97-15-49
         + 33-4-42-97-15-40
email: camoin@cerege.fr
web/ http://www.cerege.fr
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 20 15:08:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA19006; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 15:08:51 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA25504; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 15:10:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025470; Fri, 20 Feb 98 15:09:59 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA25311; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 19:17:24 GMT
Received: from URIACC.URI.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@CORAL.AOML.NOAA.GOV> id OAA25304; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 14:16:40 -0500
Received:  by URIACC.URI.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R3a) via spool with SMTP id 4989 ; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 14:15:25 EST
Received: from URIACC.URI.EDU (NJE origin SVIL1826@URIACC) by URIACC.URI.EDU (LMail V1.2c/1.8c) with BSMTP id 4054; Fri, 20 Feb 1998 14:15:25 -0500
Date:         Fri, 20 Feb 98 14:12:04 EST
From: Stephen Vilnit <SVIL1826@uriacc.uri.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer:     MailBook 95.01.263
Message-Id:   <980220.141524.EST.SVIL1826@URIACC.URI.EDU>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 89
Stephen Vilnit
University of Rhode Island
svil1826@uriacc.uri.edu
I'm currently working on a project involving the use of Marine Sanctuaries
in the preservation of a coral ecosystem.  I've gotten a fair amount of data
from Montego Bay, however, I was wondering if any of you might know of any
other successful/unsuccessful marine parks.  If you know of any could you
please e-mail me, I would appreciate it greatly.  Thank you
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 23 09:39:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA00607; Mon, 23 Feb 1998 09:39:29 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA06485; Mon, 23 Feb 1998 09:41:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006463; Mon, 23 Feb 98 09:40:51 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA00381; Mon, 23 Feb 1998 13:24:54 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA00665; Mon, 23 Feb 1998 08:11:33 -0500
Received: from osha.inav.net (dip293.inav.net [205.160.208.163]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.5/8.6.12) with SMTP id HAA27231; Mon, 23 Feb 1998 07:11:44 -0600
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19980223131423.00676710@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 23 Feb 1998 07:14:23 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, marbio@mote.org
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Bolca fishes and coral spawning
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 90
Apologies for cross-listings:
I've read a few theories about what killed the "Bolca fishes," the
wonderfully preserved Eocene fossils near Bolca, Italy. The generally
accepted theory seems to be that a massive algae bloom did them in (though
it's just one theory). With recent knowledge of mass coral spawning, and the
possibility that giant gamete slicks can, under certain conditions, result
in the death of life below, has anyone looked into the possibility that THIS
is what killed the Bolca fishes? If this were the case, would there be
evidence in the fossil record? I'd like to hear from anyone with thoughts
(or better still, research) on this.
Thanks,
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 S. Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240
USA
+++++++++++
PH: (319) 338-4778
FAX: (319) 338-8606
e-mail: osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, International Programs, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 24 01:01:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA04577; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 01:01:02 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA09931; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 01:02:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009920; Tue, 24 Feb 98 01:02:17 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA03318; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 05:02:25 GMT
Received: from dub-img-7.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA03313; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 00:02:20 -0500
Received: (from mailgate@localhost)
	by dub-img-7.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id AAA29476
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 00:02:29 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 1998 00:01:42 -0500
From: "Julian F. Sprung" <JSprung@compuserve.com>
Subject: Bolca fishes and coral spawning
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199802240002_MC2-3478-13A0@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id BAA04577
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 91
Hmmm,
If the fish were killed by an event that suffocated them it seems they
would have rotted and therefore not been preserved.
Doesn't it seem more likely that a major seismic tragedy simply drained the
water away suddenly, leaving them in mud which rapidly dried and thus
preserved them?
I saw the fascinating article in Coral Reefs. I know little about the Bolca
fishes other than that they were so well preserved that even skin patterns
are visible. This makes me feel certain that they were dried. Leave a dead
fish in water and you have mush and bones in a few days unless the water is
sterilized. I don't suppose that there was a Clorox or formalin reserve in
the vicinity of this region.
Julian Sprung
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 24 11:34:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA08978; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 11:34:43 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24158; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 11:36:28 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024147; Tue, 24 Feb 98 11:35:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA04364; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 15:27:36 GMT
Received: from pohl.acpub.duke.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA04359; Tue, 24 Feb 1998 10:27:31 -0500
Received: from godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu (godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu [152.3.233.45])
	by pohl.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.5.3) with ESMTP id KAA18043;
	Tue, 24 Feb 1998 10:21:31 -0500 (EST)
Received: (from mbm4@localhost)
	by godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.4) id KAA23702;
	Tue, 24 Feb 1998 10:21:31 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 1998 10:21:29 -0500 (EST)
From: Mike Mascia <mbm4@mail.duke.edu>
X-Sender: mbm4@godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Duke Marine Conservation Program
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.980224101940.20987E-100000@godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 92
	Duke University Integrated Marine Conservation Program
	The Nicholas School of the Environment Marine Laboratory at Duke
University is offering an unparalleled educational opportunity from July
13 to August 14, 1998.  Duke's Integrated Marine Conservation Program
teaches the principles necessary for the conservation and preservation of
the coastal and oceanic environment.  The focus is on interdisciplinary
problem solving--using natural and social science theory to resolve real
world environmental problems.
	The Duke summer faculty will be joined by distinguished scholars
from around the country for this intensive five week program.  Visiting
faculty include: Tundi Agardy, Conservation International; Jim Carlton,
Williams College; Paul Dayton, Scripps Institute of Oceanography; and
Elliott Norse, Marine Conservation Biology Institute.
	Participants in the Integrated Marine Conservation Program usually
enroll in the program's 'core' course (Conservation Biology and Policy)
and one of five elective courses offered concurrently.  Enrollment in any
one course is also possible.
	Scholarships are available, including several earmarked for
international students.  In order to receive full consideration,
applications for general scholarships must be received by March 1.
Applications for international student scholarships must be received by
April 1.  Applications for the Integrated Marine Conservation Program will
be accepted until the program is full.
	For further information, see our web site at
http://www.env.duke.edu/marinelab/mlterm2.html or contact Ms Helen Nearing
at hnearing@mail.duke.edu, (919) 504-7502.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 06:23:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA18935; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 06:22:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA17636; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 06:24:35 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017630; Wed, 25 Feb 98 06:23:58 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA06894; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 10:43:23 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA06889; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 05:43:10 -0500
Received: from tower.york.ac.uk (dm16@tower.york.ac.uk [144.32.128.6])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id KAA27212;
	Wed, 25 Feb 1998 10:41:33 GMT
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 10:41:32 +0000 (GMT)
From: D Medio <dm16@york.ac.uk>
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov,
        jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, rhayes@fac.howard.edu,
        goreau@bestweb.net
Subject: Re: Galapagos -- Bleaching
In-Reply-To: <199802191843.NAA25634@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.95L.980225103834.7749A-100000@tower.york.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 93
Just a quick note on coral bleaching. Apart from a few sporadic events in
the northern Red Sea in 1995, 1996 and 1997, I have recently witnessed
some severe mortality, possibly due to bleaching, in the southern Red Sea
along the Yemen coast.
During the months of March, April and May temperature readings taken
showed some consistently warmer values than typically expected. Any real
satellite data anyone.
(Dr) David Medio
Tropical Marine Research Unit
University of York
York YO1 5DD
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 07:56:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA19665; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 07:56:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA19685; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 07:58:05 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019667; Wed, 25 Feb 98 07:57:41 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA07096; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 12:26:23 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA07091; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 07:26:19 -0500
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.106.165]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 581-43702U150000L150000S0) with SMTP id AAA7139
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Wed, 25 Feb 1998 20:26:18 +0800
Message-ID: <34F3EFBB.4933@tm.net.my>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 18:17:32 +0800
From: DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0GoldC-NSCP  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Many Thanks for All the Replies
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 94
Hello Coral-L'ers,
Just a Warm "Many Thanks" for all your replies with regards to the
Anti-Fouling Paint issue.
Just a side note........  I have been wondering Why my giant clam
induced spawning efforts show Very Little egg spawn and Much sperm
spawn...?   Efforts in the Marshall Is. showed an equal share of both
with Tridacn maxima & T. giags & T. squamosa.  Of course Wau Is. in Mili
Atoll poses as a Most pristine setting.  My facility in Sabah is
situated on Gaya Is. off the city of Kota Kinabalu and near the main
harbor/port.....  Interesting if we could use giant clam seed shell in
tox-studies for coral reef eco-management - for such paints?
Many thanks to all.
Don Baker
THE REEF PROJECT
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 08:51:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA20895; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 08:51:36 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA21533; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 08:53:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021508; Wed, 25 Feb 98 08:52:41 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA07197; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 12:57:47 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA07190; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 07:57:44 -0500
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 07:57:44 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: zooxanthellae (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980225075710.7183B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 95
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: reefprj@tm.net.my
Date: Tue, 24 Feb 1998 15:39:42 -0800
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
To: coral-list
Subject: zooxanthellae
Hello coral -listings,
I came across information regarding hermatypic corals that need to be
"innoculated" with zooxanthellae.  I do know that coral get infected with
zooxanthellae in may ways.  One is that it is passed from its parent; in
the larva or in the eggs.  At the same time, some adult corals release
their egss and larva without the presence of the algae, thus need to be
infected from the water column.  Finally some coral larvae will be
infected after the settlemnet process.  Another , book the I read
mentioned that basically, coral with large polyp, produced eggs which
zooxanthellae was evidently absence.  My problem is that the information
did not went further to list out the species of coral larvae/eggs which
zooxanthellae is absence.  Is anybody out there have this particular
information to be shared to me.
Wilson
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 10:41:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA23328; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 10:41:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA26721; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 10:43:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026695; Wed, 25 Feb 98 10:42:57 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA07415; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 14:48:14 GMT
Received: from MAILSENT.senate.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA07410; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 09:48:10 -0500
Received: from mailexc2.senate.gov by MAILSENT.senate.gov; (8.8.2/SCO5) id JAA01322; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 09:48:23 -0500 (EST)
Received: from ccMail by mailexc2.senate.gov
  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.11 Enterprise) id 00408BF8; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 09:38:09 -0500
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 09:22:44 -0500
Message-ID: <00408BF8.1947@commerce.senate.gov>
From: Stephanie_Bailenson@commerce.senate.gov (Stephanie Bailenson)
Subject: many thanks
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 96
     I wanted to thank the many people who have provided comments on H.R.
     2233, the Coral Reef Conservation Act.  Your insights have been quite
     valuable as we continue to work towards the passage of this
     legislation.  I will keep the list updated as the bill moves through
     the legislative process.
     Thanks again,
     Stephanie Bailenson
     U.S. Senate Subcommittee on Oceans and Fisheries
     stephanie_bailenson@commerce.senate.gov
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 12:01:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA24725; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 12:01:22 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA01157; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 12:03:07 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001142; Wed, 25 Feb 98 12:02:24 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07678; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 16:14:17 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA07673; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 11:13:53 -0500
Received: from biolpc136.york.ac.uk (biolpc136.york.ac.uk [144.32.182.12])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id QAA14293
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 16:13:25 GMT
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 16:13:24 -0800 (PST)
From: Hsieh Chia-i <ch141@york.ac.uk>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: bleaching witness request!!!
In-Reply-To: <00408BF8.1947@commerce.senate.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.96.980225160950.6711A-100000@biolpc136.york.ac.uk>
X-X-Sender: ch141@imap.york.ac.uk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 97
Dear coral-health friends,
Last summer we received several reports from amatuer dive groups etc. of what
sound like extensive coral bleaching events in different parts of the wider Indian
Ocean Region including the Red Sea.   These were areas from which so far as we
know bleaching had not previously been reported.  As a result I am planning to
circulate dive schools, cruise boats, etc. in the region with a request to report any
incidents of possible / probable bleaching that they observe.  With the request I
hope to provide advice on how to distinguish coral bleaching from other forms of
coral mortality.
I would very much welcome hearing details from anyone who has witnessed
temperature related bleaching within the region in say the last 10 years?  (P.S. We
have already liased with Alan Strong at NOAA regarding their data).
I would also appreciate any comments on what those who have witnessed such
bleaching would regard as diagnostic features, distinguishing bleaching from other
forms of coral mortality.  One difficulty might I think be in distinguishing
mortality caused by say  6 month-old bleaching from 6 month-old
mortality due to Crown-of-thorns attack?  Our thought is to mention the following:
a) affects very large areas - scale of kms to 10s of kms
b) usually affects the top metre to several metres of the reef
c)  when new looks blotchy often with variable degree of blanching but tissue still
present
d) surface of coral skeleton remains intact (i.e. not eroded or broken)
e) often affects all the individuals of particular species in a depth zone, but not
other species
f) small branching coral species such as  Acropora, Pocillopora most susceptible
g) massive corals principally affected on upper surface(s)
h) if bleaching leads to mortality corals subsequently become patchily or
extensively overgrown by algal turf / filamentous algae
i) no large numbers of Crown-of-thorns observed anywhere even though very large
areas of dead coral present
j) patches of fresh bleaching not sharp-edged or with other characteristic features of
Crown-of-thorns scars
to save disturbing others you may please respond to me directly at
ch141@york.ac.uk
with grateful thanks for your time,
Sincerely,
Joyce Chia-I Hsieh
Tropical Marine Research Unit,
Biology Department,
University of York,
YORK YO1 5DD
e-mail ch141@york.ac.uk
fax 00-44-1904-432860
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 25 18:21:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA29479; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 18:21:01 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA14061; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 18:22:47 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014057; Wed, 25 Feb 98 18:22:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA08485; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 22:36:38 GMT
Received: from ren.globecomm.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA08480; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 17:36:34 -0500
Received: from default (hd53-135.hil.compuserve.com [199.174.233.135]) by ren.globecomm.net (8.8.8/8.8.0) with SMTP id RAA22864 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 25 Feb 1998 17:36:31 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <34F49C32.4C2F@mail.org>
Date: Wed, 25 Feb 1998 17:33:22 -0500
From: Mike Nolan <rainforest@mail.org>
Reply-To: rainforest@mail.org
Organization: Rainforest Conservation Fund, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: OUTSTANDING/INEXPENSIVE RAINFOREST/MARINE BIOLOGY WORKSHOPS
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by ren.globecomm.net id RAA22864
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA29479
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 98
OUTSTANDING/INEXPENSIVE RAINFOREST/MARINE BIOLOGY WORKSHOPS
                          -COSTA RICA/BELIZE/ECUADOR-
                         *EXPERT BIOLOGISTS and GUIDES*
                            *TWO WEEKS IN LENGTH*
                        *HIGH IN QUALITY/LOW IN COST*
            *SUPPORT A VARIETY OF TROPICAL CONSERVATION PROJECTS*
            RAINFOREST AND MARINE BIOLOGY WORKSHOPS SUMMER 1998
The Rainforest Conservation Fund, Inc. (non-profit) has organized high
quality/low cost Rainforest and Marine Biology Workshops in Belize,
Costa Rica and Ecuador. Each is approximately two weeks in length and
hosted by highly respected non-profit organizations in each country.
During our Workshops you will spend most of your time in the field with
local guides and biologists studying rainforest ecology, wildlife,
biodiversity, medicinal uses of native plants, natural history,
rainforest conservation, land management, local cultures, archaeology,
geology and much more. One week of our Belize Workshop is devoted to
Marine Biology and Reef Ecology. Accommodations range from comfortable
dormitories to simple cabins. During our Belize and Costa Rica Workshops
groups will camp for short periods. Food is plentiful and typical of
those found in Latin America, including chicken, rice, beans, soups,
fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, eggs and bread. Meatless
alternatives are offered to vegetarians. Individual meals will be
provided on all field excursions. Your participation in these valuable
experiences helps support a variety of rainforest conservation projects
in Latin America. We suggest that schools add our Workshops to their
summer curriculum offerings, so that students get credit for attending.
Graduate credits in education are available to teachers for attending.
Our Workshops have been designed to create a better understanding of the
many complex issues surrounding the conservation of precious tropical
resources. You will return home enlightened and hopefully even more
committed to conservation, not only in the tropics, but in your part of
the world as well. In the following you will find brief descriptions of
our Rainforest and Marine Biology Workshops in Belize, Costa Rica and
Ecuador:
BELIZE: RAINFOREST ECOLOGY/MARINE BIOLOGY/MAYAN ARCHAEOLOGY
LENGTH: 14 days/13 nights                                  COST: $865.00
Our Belize Workshop is hosted by Possum Point Biological Station and
their experienced staff of biologists and guides. Located in a beautiful
jungle setting along the Sittee River, near the coast of central Belize,
the Biological Station consists of comfortable cottage-style housing, a
large dining hall and classroom. Possum Point offers easy access to
lowland tropical forests, a variety of rainforest communities, vast
coastal mangrove and lagoon environments. The area is teeming with
wildlife including parrots, toucans, howler monkeys, coatimundis,
anteaters, peccaries, jungle cats, numerous amphibian and reptile
species. Workshop participants arrive at Belize City's International
airport, followed by a short charter flight south to Dangriga, where
Possum Point staff will meet and transfer your group to the Biological
Station. Activities during the first week include guided trips to a
variety of riverine ecosystems in hopes of spotting iguanas, crocodiles
and boa constrictors; visits to local Creole and Garifuna communities,
where participants can interact with residents and learn about their
unique cultures, medicinal uses of  local plants and sample some of
their ethnic food; travel to nearby Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary
and the world's only Jaguar Preserve, where the group will study
rainforest ecology and camp. Other planned activities include night
hikes to observe nocturnal animals; evening insect observation studies
using blacklights and guest speakers that will discuss a variety of
topics including Mayan archaeology, Belizean history, conservation vs.
economics in a developing country and conflicts between ecology and
Belize's citrus industry. During the second week, the focus will change
to Marine Biology as the group travels by skiff to Wee Wee Caye (WWC), a
small mangrove island located ten miles off the coast of Belize. WWC has
a Marine Lab equipped with running seawater tables used to study
collected specimens and accommodations similar to those at Possum Point.
The pristine waters around the island support a variety of marine
ecosystems-tide pools, turtlegrass beds, patch reefs, mangroves and
sand-cones fringed with huge sponges and gorgonians. Participants will
be taught how to snorkel and have daily opportunities to explore these
various habitats. The Barrier Reef, largest in the Western Hemisphere,
lies a short distance to the east and will also be investigated. The
variety of marine life found here is incredible-colorful sponges,
countless species of coral, tunicates, anemones, starfish, spectacular
fish and dolphins. On the last day of the Workshop your group will
return to Sittee River and travel, by bus, along the beautiful
Hummingbird Highway to Belize City. The trip back includes stops at
Inland Blue Hole National Park and the very unique Belize Zoo.
COSTA RICA: RAINFOREST ECOLOGY/GEOLOGY/CONSERVATION
LENGTH: 12 days/11 nights                                 COST:  $845.00
Our Costa Rica Workshop begins with your arrival in San Jos and
transfer, by bus, to Las Juntas de Abangares. Here, your group will be
welcomed by the mayor of Abangares as Distinguished Guests of Costa
Rica. Workshop participants will study rainforest ecology, conservation,
land management and geology. Accommodations will be dormitory-style at
Las Juntas. Your group will visit the Quaker community of Monteverde and
surrounding Cloud Forest Reserve. Characterized by cool climate and lush
vegetation, Monteverde is home to three species of monkeys, sloths,
coatimundis, kinkajous, the spectacular resplendent quetzal, red-eyed
tree frogs, and blue morpho butterflies. Included in your visit to
Monteverde will be a tour of the Butterfly Garden, a local butterfly
breeding project, the Hummingbird Gallery and a presentation about the
adjacent International Children's Rainforest Reserve. There will be
numerous guided hikes in both Reserves. The group will also visit the
nearby village of Santa Elena to discuss conservation and reforestation
projects with members of the community. While in Costa Rica, the group
will travel to Arenal Volcano, the most active in the Western
Hemisphere. Here, you will be led on a special evening hike to observe
the volcano, where on clear nights, red-hot molten lava can be seen as
it shoots hundreds of feet into the sky. This will be followed by
camping near Lake Arenal. The group will then travel to Palo Verde
National Park, located along the Tempisque River. Palo Verde is made up
of a variety of wetland habitats and tropical dry forest. It is known
for having one of the largest concentrations of waterfowl and shorebirds
in Central America, including the jabiru stork. Your visit to Palo Verde
will include a boat trip down the Tempisque to observe crocodiles, large
iguanas, howler monkeys and a wide variety of birds. This will be
followed by travel to Santa Rosa National Park, located in northwestern
Costa Rica. Santa Rosa protects the largest remaining stand of tropical
dry forest in Central America and coastal nesting sites of the
endangered Pacific olive Ridley's sea turtle. Other planned activities
during the Workshop include a guided tour of a coffee plantation; travel
to a nearby cattle and dairy ranch, followed by an afternoon of
horseback riding; a tour of the Abangares Gold Mines, where
"coligalleros" extract gold for making jewelry; mist netting of bats; a
guided night hike in the rainforest and evening presentations on a
variety of topics including the medicinal uses of rainforest plants;
sustainable uses of rainforests; reforestation projects and Costa
Rican/Central American history.
ECUADOR: RAINFOREST ECOLOGY/QUICHUA INDIAN VILLAGE
LENGTH: 14 days/13 nights       COST: option 1-$750.00/option 2-$800.00*
Our Ecuador Workshop takes place at Jatun Sacha Biological Station,
which is located along the Napo River. The first two days will be spent
in Quito visiting the National Herbarium and Vivarium, where rainforest
plants are identified and stored. Here, talks will be given on the
history and geology of Ecuador and the Jatun Sacha Foundation's
conservation efforts. This will be followed with a spectacular eight
hour bus ride to the Biological Station. Your route will take you up and
across the continental divide of the Andes, at an elevation of 13,000
feet, and then down into the upper Amazon basin. Several stops will be
made along the way to experience and discuss the numerous life zones,
including alpine and cloud forest ecosystems. At Jatun Sacha
participants will study insects, amphibians, reptiles and birds, along
with many plant species, including epiphytes, bromeliads and orchids.
The region in and around Jatun Sacha is considered by many as the most
biologically diverse in the world as 520 bird species, 750 different
kinds of butterflies and more than 100 species of orchids have been
observed. Your group will also learn about rainforest ecology; take part
in a reforestation project; have a "solo" experience in the rainforest
and learn about the medicinal uses of rainforest plants from a local
Shaman. The latter will include a visit to the Shaman's home and
nursery, where many of these herbal remedies are grown. A highlight in
Ecuador will be your hike to the local Quichua Indian Village of
Capirona. Here, participants will live for two days and observe how the
Quichua live in harmony with the rainforest. Indian guides, using
interpreters, will explain how they hunt, fish and garden. Your stay
will include evening story telling, listening to Indian music made with
primitive instruments and sampling local food. There will also be an
opportunity to make pottery and take part in a blow-gun demonstration.
Participants will return to Jatun Sacha by dugout canoe. At the end of
the Workshop your group will return to Quito along a different route,
farther to the south, and travel through the famous "avenue of the
volcanoes". Here spectacular canyon scenery, waterfalls and rivers will
be seen, along with stops at several villages to acquaint participants
with Indian life in the highlands of Ecuador.
*Both Workshops are the same in content. Groups choosing Option 1 will
stay at Jatun Sacha Biological Station, where accommodations consist of
rustic cabins, new cafeteria/classroom and a small library. Option 2
participants will stay at Cabaas Aliaui, located a short distance from
the Biological Station,  where accommodations include cabins, each with
a private bath. Meals are served in a small dining room, with the entire
Aliaui complex situated on a bluff overlooking the Ro Napo.
TEACHERS BRINGING A GROUP TRAVEL FREE
GRADUATE CREDITS IN EDUCATION ARE AVAILABLE TO TEACHERS FOR ATTENDING
Number Workshops by order of preference with #1 being your first choice.
Spaces are filled on a first-come first-serve basis. Please be aware
that Workshops are popular and may fill quickly. It is recommended that
you register as early as possible.
BELIZE: 14 D/13 N       JUN 15-28_____   JUL 10-23**_____  AUG 1-14_____
COSTA RICA: 12 D/11 N   JUN 17-28_____  JUL 15-26**_____   AUG 3-14_____
ECUADOR-1: 14 D/13 N    JUN 15-28_____   JUL 15-28**_____  AUG 2-15_____
ECUADOR-2: 14 D/13N     JUN 15-28_____   JUL 15-28**_____  AUG 2-15_____
NOTE:
 Workshop costs INCLUDE all food, lodging, transportation within host
country, guides and instruction.
 Workshop costs DO NOT INCLUDE international airfare. The Rainforest
Conservation Fund has worked closely with the airlines to offer airfares
at discounted rates. Costs will vary depending on your point of origin.
 It is highly recommended that each participant be covered by
COMPREHENSIVE TRAVEL INSURANCE, which covers not only medical conditions
that may arise, but also trip cancellation, delay, damage, loss or theft
of baggage, etc. Insurance can be purchased at a very reasonable rates
through the Rainforest Conservation Fund.
 All groups must be accompanied by a responsible adult at least 21
years of age.
 COMPLETED REGISTRATION FORM and $100.00 DEPOSIT due: April 1, 1998
(checks should made out to the Rainforest Conservation Fund, Inc.)
 REMAINING BALANCE due: June 15, 1998
PLEASE CONTACT US FOR DETAILED WORKSHOP ITINERARIES OR ANY QUESTIONS YOU
MAY HAVE.
****************************************************************
Rainforest Conservation Fund, Inc. 501 (c)(3) non-profit
29 Prospect NE Suite #8
Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 USA
Phone: (616) 776-5928/Fax: (616) 776-5931
E-mail: rainforest@mail.org
****************************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 26 13:04:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA06927; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 13:04:44 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA07529; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 13:06:31 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007518; Thu, 26 Feb 98 13:05:36 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA10654; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 17:08:10 GMT
Received: from smtp1.erols.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA10649; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 12:08:06 -0500
Received: from plauger.smcm.edu (207-172-147-94.s31.as2.lxp.erols.com [207.172.147.94])
	by smtp1.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id MAA06809
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 12:07:33 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <34F5A1EF.907EAF7@erols.com>
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 1998 12:10:07 -0500
From: Paul Auger <pauger@erols.com>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Announcement
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-Corel-MessageType: EMail
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 99
Hello,
My name is Paul Auger, and I am student at St. Mary's College of Md.  I
am currently involved in research dealing with marine aquaculture
filtration systems.  I would like to announce my homepage to anyone who
might be interested.  The address is:
http://www.smcm.edu/users/plauger
Thank You,
Paul Auger
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 26 17:05:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA10452; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 17:05:44 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA16813; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 17:07:30 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016801; Thu, 26 Feb 98 17:06:57 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11452; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 21:21:02 GMT
Received: from uclink4.berkeley.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA11447; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 16:20:58 -0500
Received: from churcher.HIP.Berkeley.EDU (churcher.HIP.Berkeley.EDU [136.152.29.141])
	by uclink4.berkeley.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id NAA01013
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 26 Feb 1998 13:20:51 -0800 (PST)
Date: Thu, 26 Feb 1998 13:20:51 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <199802262120.NAA01013@uclink4.berkeley.edu>
X-Sender: tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Tegan Churcher <tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Coral diseases
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 100
Hi Coral Listers,
        I am a Ph.D student at U.C. Berkeley's Dept. of Geography currently
putting together a dissertation proposal on the biogeography of coral reef
diseases.  I was wondering if anyone has come across documentation or
evidence in the historic record of coral diseases prior to the industrial
revolution?  If you have any information on this topic please contact me.
Thanks for your time.
Cheers,
Ms. Tegan Churcher
Dept. of Geography
501 McCone Hall
U.C. Berkeley, Ca 94720
tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 27 17:24:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA23027; Fri, 27 Feb 1998 17:24:23 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA19822; Fri, 27 Feb 1998 17:26:08 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019807; Fri, 27 Feb 98 17:25:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA15688; Fri, 27 Feb 1998 21:16:55 GMT
Received: from wgs1.btl.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA15683; Fri, 27 Feb 1998 16:16:40 -0500
Received: from btl.net (port58134.btl.net [206.153.58.134]) by wgs1.btl.net
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.0) with ESMTP id AAA15950;
          Fri, 27 Feb 1998 15:14:30 -0500
Message-ID: <34F7296E.FB7E8F87@btl.net>
Date: Fri, 27 Feb 1998 15:00:30 -0600
From: "James A. Powell" <jpowell@btl.net>
Reply-To: jpowell@btl.net
Organization: Wildlife Conservation Society
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, marbio@mote.org
Subject: Contact Dr. Bright
References: <2.2.32.19980223131423.00676710@soli.inav.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 101
We are trying to contact Dr. Tom Bright. If anyone knows his whereabouts
or how to contact him I would be very grateful for that information. I
apologize for the posted message but it is rather important.
Thank you,
James Powell
--
James A. Powell
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
Wildlife Conservation Society
P.O. Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
Tel./Fax 501-233855
Middle Cay tel: 501-522153
E-mail: jpowell@btl.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  2 18:52:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA07991; Mon, 2 Mar 1998 18:52:53 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA22201; Mon, 2 Mar 1998 18:54:39 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022191; Mon, 2 Mar 98 18:54:21 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA01271; Mon, 2 Mar 1998 22:20:24 GMT
Received: from biologia.univalle.edu.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA01257; Mon, 2 Mar 1998 17:18:12 -0500
Received: from biologia.univalle.edu.co ([192.168.20.3])
	by biologia.univalle.edu.co (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id QAA11131
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 2 Mar 1998 16:59:51 +0500 (GMT)
Message-ID: <34FB2FD1.B841857C@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
Date: Mon, 02 Mar 1998 17:16:50 -0500
From: "Fernando A. Zapata R" <fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [es] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Fish bite marks
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------B994939869AD7FE4996779D3"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 102
Este es un mensaje multipartes en formato MIME.
--------------B994939869AD7FE4996779D3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear Coral-list members:
    Massive corals (mostly Pavona sp.) from Gorgona Island, off the
Pacific coast of Colombia, frequently have many markings that we believe
have been caused by fish. The marks are more or less rectangular, about
1.0 - 1.5 x 3.0 - 4.0 cm, are devoid of live coral tissue, and are
therefore white, contrasting with the adjacent live, healthy tissue. We
have tried to establish the identity of the fish(es) responsible for
making these marks, but after several hours of observation of colonies
we have been unable to watch any fish actually biting the colonies. We
suspect that either scarids, balistids or tetraodontids are making these
marks. We have made observations of feeding behavior by a scarid (Scarus
ghobban, n = 67 periods of  ten min each) and two balistids (Sufflamen
verres and Pseudobalistes naufragium, n = 21) but have never seen a fish
biting the colonies and leaving a mark as described.
    We are wondering if other people in the tropical eastern Pacific (or
elsewhere) are familiar with these bite marks. If they are, would they
know what species is making the marks? Finally, would anyone be
interested in taking a look at a couple of pictures and trying to help
us? If so, please reply to this message and we will send the pictures as
an attachment to an e-mail.
Thanks,
Juan Manuel Jimenez
Valeria Francisco
Fernando A. Zapata
--------------B994939869AD7FE4996779D3
Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; name="vcard.vcf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: Tarjeta de Fernando A.  Zapata
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="vcard.vcf"
begin:          vcard
fn:             Fernando A.  Zapata
n:              Zapata;Fernando A.
org:            Dpto. de Biologia, Universidad del Valle
adr:            Apartado Aereo 25360;;;Cali;;;Colombia
email;internet: fazr@biologia.univalle.edu.co
tel;work:       (+57-2) 339-3243/321-2171
tel;fax:        (+57-2) 339-2440
x-mozilla-cpt:  ;0
x-mozilla-html: FALSE
version:        2.1
end:            vcard
--------------B994939869AD7FE4996779D3--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  4 12:51:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA26516; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 12:50:31 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA19271; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 12:52:18 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019250; Wed, 4 Mar 98 12:51:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07023; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 16:34:10 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA07016; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 11:34:06 -0500
Received: from uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu ([128.171.44.55]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148526(3)>; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 06:33:28 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <188965(4)>; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 06:33:19 -1000
Date: 	Wed, 4 Mar 1998 06:33:11 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix5
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Gidday Mate ! (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980304063149.9628D-100000@uhunix5>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 103
This message is from a friend of mine who lives in Bundaberg, Australia. I
thought the rest of the list might be interested in it.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 3 Mar 1998 20:46:37 -1000
From: Jack Hayes <Tootsian@b130.aone.net.au>
To: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
Subject: Gidday Mate !
> The coral reef here is a bloody disaster.  What isn't dead is bleached
so white from loss of algae that I think much of it will starve before it
comes good.  The sea temp reached 33 c at 15 meters depth at four mile
reef last month. We are getting South easters now bringing in cooler water
but it is still very hot. This is unprecedented. No one can remember
anything like this happening before. Dead and rooting sarcophytons litter
the spaces between the hard coral beds. The Dendro's in the river mouth
have survived but the inshore reef ones have all disappeared. There is a
great increase in coral trout numbers for some reason but they have
decimated the juvenile fish population.  The spear fishermen are the only
ones to benefit. I expect that it will be well into winter before the
coral is back to anything like it was. The bleaching is all over the
barrier reef I believe.
My tank did get a bit hot causing the death of a leathery sarco and all
bar one of my Dendros has died of starvation. However it still looks a
picture and its fundamental biology seems to be working very well. I
have a pure white very short polyp goniopora in there now and its
beautiful. It looks like a miniature snow covered mountain range.
All for now.
Talk to u in a few weeks
Regards
John
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  4 14:15:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA27384; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 14:15:10 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA23183; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 14:16:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023177; Wed, 4 Mar 98 14:16:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA07287; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 18:02:29 GMT
Received: from haleakala.aloha.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA07282; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 13:02:24 -0500
Received: from [204.94.118.97] (maui-40.u.aloha.net [204.94.118.97]) by haleakala.aloha.net (8.8.5/8.6.9) with ESMTP id HAA20715; Wed, 4 Mar 1998 07:39:54 -1000 (HST)
Message-Id: <v03010d03b1233e71f9af@[204.94.118.97]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Wed, 4 Mar 1998 07:49:39 -1000
To: sos@haleakala.aloha.net
From: Carl Stepath <sos@aloha.net>
Subject: Save Our Seas
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id OAA27384
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 104
Some contact information that you may be interested in.  Sorry if this
email is an inconvenience.  I recieved this information and wanted to pass
it on for those who may be concerned.  Have a great day, and best wishes to
you and your family.
A Conscious Choice:
Please circulate this email to everyone you know this week. It concerns the
lively hood of the Humpback whales that are being killed by the US Navy in
the waters of Hawai'i. It concerns the lively hood of our oceans, the
mammals and fish that inhabit them and ultimately our planet.
Please send protests to the media, your local politicians and congressmen.
Some suggested email addresses are included below.
LFA questions should be directed to John Yoshishige of the Navy at-471-3769
Please read the following and visit the site at
http://www.dreamweaving.com/lfas.htm for current updates.
If you have an email distribution list and would like to be put on our
email list mailto:lfas@dreamweaving.com and put "add" in subject header.
Other wise visit the site for updates.
If you would like to be removed from our email list
mailto:lfas@dreamweaving.com and put "remove" in subject header. My
apologies.
Background:
Since the thirties sound has been used to map geophysical and underwater
data. In the second world war sonar was used to detect submarines. Over the
years the detection sensitivity got better and the resolution increased.
And so did the technologies. All of this added to the noise pollution to
the waters of our planet.
In the past several years the US Navy has been testing high intensity sound
to increase the range and resolution. These programs were called ATOC,
which met public opposition, then LAS and more recently renamed LFAS for
Low Frequency Acoustic Sound. And over the years the sound levels increased
>from the ping we heard in old submarine movies to blasts of sound at around
200dB. 10,000 times the loudness of a 747 at take off. Many thousands times
louder than is needed to do permanent damage to living tissue resulting in
internal bleeding, disorientation, ruptured ear drums and other sometimes
fatal effects. A deaf whale is a dead whale. If you were a tourist swimming
in the waters off the west coast of the Big Island it could be you.
Many whales have already been killed. In 1995/6 off the coast of
California, and later in the year in the beautiful Hawaiian waters off
Maui, Oahu and the Big Island. And now the Navy has calibrated its
equipment to start the third phase of testing the LFAS in the humpback
whales birthing waters off the big island of Hawai'i on Monday, March 2nd
1998.
Your appeal to stop this is needed today. Please circulate this message to
everyone who is environmentally conscious about our endangered species. By
emailing, faxing and calling the media, our environmentalists and the
politicians we can bring this to the attention of the world and halt this
slaughter and disruption of our planet's natural cycles.
Your action is needed NOW!
Why LFAS?
This is a classified subject so not much is known. However, it is also
obvious. The LFAS is under the command of the SpaWars program out of San
Diego, CA. An offshoot of StarWars program the SpaWars is the result of the
Space/Navy merger last October. The LFAS permits the Navy to take a snap
shot of the ocean and so monitor the movement of both man made submarines
and according to some sources extraterrestrial craft. The incredibly loud
pressure wave of the LFAS broadcast travels for many many miles. Possibly
hundreds and maybe thousands. The military is not telling, nor are they
telling us the specific frequencies they are using.
Why the testing?
In order to satisfy the Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered
Species Acts of Cetaceans the Navy is obliged to show that the sound levels
will not harm the whales. This has then in a rather tricky situation, on
the one hand to make it appear that they are not harming the mammals and on
the other hand maintaining the secrecy around work. An Environmental
Assessment was completed and scientists and medical experts were hired to
monitor the tests. Looks good on the surface, but as we all know those
scientist also by the nature of the study are bound by the Official Secrets
Act. So, just how accurate can they be in their diagnostics and evaluation?
In the past the Navy has had a lousy track record by not keeping to the
outline agreed upon in the Environmental Assessment. It sounds good on
paper, but in reality the Navy goes and does what it wants no matter what
the expense may be.
Further more the second and third phases of the testing have began before
first and second phases have been evaluated by any legitimate independant
scientific body. Surprise, Surprise!!
In November last year for instance a whale was found a week after the
testing in the waters near the test area. But, due to the nature of the way
that the sound effects body tissue it is hard to pin point exactly the
cause of death without a neocropsy. And even then it would be very easy to
sway the opinion because of the official secrets act. See report at
Cetacean Society International http://elfi.com/csiupdat.html#atoc This is
not an isolated case others have been reported and over the weekend of
March 1st, 1998 a dead calf whale showed up off Oahu right after the Navy
had completed calibration there.
This testing, killing, maiming and harassment has been ongoing for years.
It is time for the peoples of the planet to unite. It is time to bring this
to the attention of all our brothers and sisters. It is time to put a stop
to these senseless war games and fear mongering by our establishments.
Email, fax and phone your protests to the media, your local
environmentalists and politicians NOW!
By way of completion:
Last Saturday as part of the trip the captain asked me if the group would
be OK with trying to find the Navy vessels so we could swim in the waters
and possibly halt the testing. I knew that would be OK with me and possibly
with the others.
But nature and the whales had another vision on store for us. Instead we
were shown the richnss of the whales in their natural habitat. In fact
their demonstration of life was unbelievably incredible. We left Kona and
headed north and as soon as we exited the harbor we saw a whale breach. As
we headed north we came across and mother and a calf breaching. It was as
though she was teaching her new one the joy of rising out of the water and
taking a look around. After watching them play for an hour or more we saw
two whales on the horizon breachig time after time.
We headed off towards them and their behaviour changed to one of courtship
and mating with their long fins slapping time and time again into the
water. By this time we realized the water was full of whales that day! We
lowered a hydrophone into the water listened to their sounds and possibly
for the LFAS sound. But we only heard the whales whelping and hooting. I
had decided to go for a swim with a couple of my friends and we slipped
into the water knowing that there might be a whale close by.
The previous week we had gone out and hardly saw any whales. At one point
we lowered the hydrophone into the water and there were two males singing
the most beautiful song. We recorded their song while we took a swim and I
was playing diving down deep and floating to the top with my arms
outstretched and my heart open. It was beautiful and the photographs came
out perfect!
Any way as we slipped into the water we swam in formation with our hearts
open and full. We were about 25 feet away from the boat when suddenly a
whale breached and arched her back with her fins wide open her heart
towards us and the boat behind. We, however, did not see anything as she
came up once and then came up again as if to say your heart is open I can
feel you, my heart is open I acknowledge you. Our friends on the boat were
besides themselves, not with fear but with happiness and joy. We had been
preparing in meditation and healing sessions for this encounter, and we
were rewarded. We have yet to see if the photos came out!
Later in the day we saw two males doing their territorial thing and as it
were wrestling with the other. They breached out of the water and back in
again jostling the other of their kingdom. I learnt or relearnt something
very important. I had become burnt out from working the web site for the
LFAS and trying to stay abreast of all that was going on. I was reminded
that there is a peaceful way of changing our world.
The Bottom Line, we need resources:
A network of people to watch out for the Navy Vessels About $2000 to
purchase of a small boat. Living Expenses for the Marine Mammal Institiute
Swimmers willing to be put out in the water Swimmers willing to go out
>from the shore Walkie talkies and marine radios for communication Any one
with good reportage skills who can keep preparing news reports from the
local papers and the TV so we can post it on the internet site and keep the
world informed Pilot that can go aloft and give us information
What can you do?
The time is NOW. Send this email to everyone you know.
And send protests to the media, your local politicians and enviromentalists
gropups.
In the header of your email or fax put "Whales: Dead or Alive" And words to
the effect:
Please stop to the killing of the whales by the US Navy in Hawaii Signed:
Your name
Send to:
President Bill Clinton president@whitehouse.com
Vice-President Al Gore vicepresident@whitehouse.com
Govenor of Hawaii: Ben Cayetano gov@aloha.net phone 808.586.0034 fax
808.586.0006
State Senator: David Tarnass reptarnas@capitol.hawaii.gov phone
808.586.8510 fax 808.587.0390
Dept Land and Natural Resources State of Hawaii Chairman Mike Wilson
mwilson@pixi.com phone 808.587.0400 fax 808.587.0390
Joseph Johnson Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command (703) 919-8959
Email:Jsquared@nosc.mil Also:"Williamson, Richard"
<williamr@spawar.navy.mil>
Senators: Danial Inouye senator@inouye.senate.gov DC fax 202.224.6747
Honolulu fax 808.541.2549
Danial Akaka DC fax 202.224.2126 Honolulu fax 808. 545.4683
Congressmen: Neil Abcercrombie neil@abcercrombie.house.gov DC fax
202.225.4580 Honolulu phone 808.541.2570 Hono fax 808.533.0133
Patsy Mink DC fax 202.225.4987 Hono phone 808.541.1986 Hono fax 808.
538.0233
White House Office of Enviromental Quality Kate McGinty White House 1600
Pennsylvania Ave NW Washington DC 20006 phone 202.456.6224 fax 202.456.2710
National Marine Fisheries Services Office of protected species Ann Terbush
1335 East West Highway Silver Springs, MD 20910 fax 301.713.0376
------------------------------------------------------------------------
This site was prepared by Benedick Howard and is hosted by DreamWeaving
International
a site about sound, sacred geometry and stress management
Have a great 1998, the International Year of the Ocean -
Carl  :)	 http://planet-hawaii.com/sos/
"Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful citizens can change the
world.  Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has."
				Margaret Mead
 	 	   Carl M. Stepath, Executive Director
	       "Save Our Seas"  P.O. Box 1437, Paia, HI 96779 USA
		       808-579-6282, fax 579-6283
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  5 10:37:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05985; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 10:37:54 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18996; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 10:39:42 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018977; Thu, 5 Mar 98 10:38:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA09951; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 14:46:11 GMT
Received: from icess.ucsb.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA09946; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 09:46:08 -0500
From: robbie@bbsr.edu
Received: from sargasso by  icess.ucsb.edu (8.8.4/SMI-8.7-Icess)
	id GAA25314; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 06:45:25 -0800 (PST)
Received: from [198.116.28.99] by sargasso (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA18705; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 10:45:25 -0400
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 1998 10:45:25 -0400
Message-Id: <199803051445.KAA18705@sargasso>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Funding for graduate research in Bermuda
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 105
Munson Coral Reef Fellowship at BBSR.
Due to the generosity of the Munson Foundation, the Bermuda Biological
Station for Research, Inc. (BBSR) is expanding its research support for
graduate students involved in all aspects of coral reef research in
Bermuda. Students
with funded research projects who could benefit from working in Bermuda's
marine environment and with BBSR's scientific staff are encouraged to apply
for admission to BBSR's Graduate Intern Program. Information on the Munson
awards, BBSR
Graduate Intern Program and BBBSR faculty interests are found at the BBSR
Web page at www.bbsr.edu/Education/#internships.
If accepted into the program, extramural support
brought by students to BBSR will be supplemented by funds from the
Munson Foundation. These supplemental funds will go towards the cost of
research supplies and equipment needed by the student, as well as towards
the individual's living costs. The number of students who can be accepted
and supported is limited, so prompt inquiries and early applications are
encouraged. Applications should be submitted by 1 April 1998 for
research projects commencing no later than August 1998.
Please direct further inquiries to:
BBSR Graduate Intern Coordinator, Dr. Kathy Coates (kcoates@bbsr.edu)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
Struan Robertson Smith, Ph.D.
Assistant Research Scientist
Bermuda Biological Station for Research, Inc.
Ferry Reach GE01 Bermuda
Tel: 441 297 1880 ext. 240
Fax: 441 297 8143
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  5 18:21:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA13241; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 18:21:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA11475; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 18:23:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011451; Thu, 5 Mar 98 18:22:33 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA11525; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 22:14:55 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11520; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 17:14:51 -0500
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.19])
	by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id RAA01572
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 5 Mar 1998 17:14:03 -0500
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 1998 17:14:03 -0500
Message-Id: <199803052214.RAA01572@umigw.miami.edu>
X-Sender: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Rosenstiel Postdoc position at the Univ of Miami
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 106
ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL POSTDOCTORAL POSITION
The Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine
and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, announces a competitive
ROSENSTIEL POSTDOCTORAL AWARD.  This two year award is an on-site research
collaboration with a member of the Marine Biology and Fisheries faculty in
one of the following areas: Marine Biomedical Sciences, Biological
Oceanography, Fisheries, or Coastal Ecology.  Applicants should include a
c.v., a one page research interest statement related to one of the thematic
areas, up to three reprints or in press manuscripts, and the names and
contacts for three references.  Further details about our program and
faculty can be found at www.rsmas.miami.edu/divs/mbf.html.  Closing date is
15 April 1998 for a start date near Sept. 1998.  Applications to: RPD Search
committee,University of Miami RSMAS, MBF, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy,
Miami FL 33149.
The University of Miami is an Affirmative Action/Equal Opportunity Employer.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  6 14:10:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA21500; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 14:09:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA14429; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 14:11:37 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014406; Fri, 6 Mar 98 14:10:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA13933; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 18:17:25 GMT
Received: from mailhub.cns.ksu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA13928; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 13:17:17 -0500
Received: from cbs (johng@cbs.ksu.ksu.edu [129.130.12.4])
	by mailhub.cns.ksu.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8/mailhub+antispam+tar) with SMTP id MAA13779
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 12:16:24 -0600 (CST)
Received: from localhost by cbs (SMI-8.6/1.34)
	id MAA01303; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 12:16:18 -0600
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 1998 12:16:18 -0600 (CST)
From: John Guinotte <johng@ksu.edu>
X-Sender: johng@cbs.ksu.ksu.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Mexico Bathymetry
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96L.980306121119.29727B-100000@cbs.ksu.ksu.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 107
To all Coral-listers:
Your help would be greatly appreciated in the following matter:
For my masters thesis,I am creating a coastal GIS to predict Mexican Coral
Reef distribution from basic environmental data (SST, Salinity,
Bathymetry, Nutrients,etc.). This is a continuation of the work by:
Kleypas, J. A.  1997.  Modeled estimates of global reef habitat and
carbonate production since the last glacial maximum.
Paleoceanography 12(4): 533-545.
In order to improve the model, I need to acquire a higher resolution
bathymetry/water depth layer (that has a spatial resolution greater than
(5 minutes x 5 minutes) for the waters off Mexico's coasts.
If anyone has this type of data or knows how/where to acquire it, please
email me.
Thank You-
John Guinotte
_______________________________________________________________________________
John Guinotte
GIS Research Assistant
National Institute for Land Management and Training
Kansas State University
26 Seaton Hall
Manhattan, KS 66506-2907
(785) 532-2106 (Office)
(785) 532-2110 (Fax)
johng@ksu.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  6 14:27:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA21745; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 14:26:57 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA15124; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 14:28:45 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015111; Fri, 6 Mar 98 14:28:10 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14058; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 18:50:41 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA14053; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 13:50:37 -0500
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 1998 13:50:37 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching at Palolo Deep
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980306135013.14051A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 108
Please respond to Mike King (mking@samoa.net) or to coral-list:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 1998 13:20:18 -1100
From: Mike King <mking@samoa.net>
Subject: Coral Bleaching
A survey at Palolo Deep (a National Marine Park near Apia, Western Samoa)
on 28 February revealed severe coral bleaching. Between 60 to 70% of all
staghorn Acopora on the reef top was bleached. This has occurred with
amazing rapidity (over a period of 5-6 days). In deeper water, all seemed
well.
Do you have any information on the El Nino driven plug of warm water
extending over the Pacific?
Best wishes,  Mike King.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  6 15:15:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA23918; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 15:15:16 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA17867; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 15:17:03 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017823; Fri, 6 Mar 98 15:16:16 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA14151; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 19:27:28 GMT
Received: from csumb.monterey.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA14146; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 14:27:24 -0500
Received: from ntsvr1 by csumb.monterey.edu via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA03400; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 11:20:26 -0800
From: Daniel_Shapiro@monterey.edu (Daniel Shapiro)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 1998 11:13:17 -0800
Subject: Coral Reef Ecology Course: Akumal, Mexico
Message-ID: <msg289295.thr-54d894.f7aeb@monterey.edu>
Organization: CSU Monterey Bay
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Content-ID: <msg289295.thr-54d894.f7aeb.part0@monterey.edu>
X-Gateway: NASTA Gate 1.18 for FirstClass(R)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 109
COURSE ANNOUNCEMENT: TROPICAL MARINE SCIENCE (Cornell University and
Shoals Marine Laboratory)
This summer we will take 12 students to Akumal, a small resort town
located on the Caribbean coast of Mexico's Yucatn Peninsula.  Students
will study basic coral reef ecology and conservation, learn to identify
local hard and soft coral species, collect data for the Akumal Coral
Reef Monitoring Project, and design and implement independent research
projects.  The course is designed for self-motivated undergraduate
students interested in learning about basic coral reef ecology,
conservation and research.
Dates: June 6th - August 2nd.
Credits: 12 Semester Credits (Cornell University)
Prerequisites: Recognized SCUBA certification, a medical examination,
one full year of college level biology, permission of instructor (Dr.
Dan Shapiro).
Deadline:  All applications received by March 27th will be considered.
After that, applications will be considered on a first-come,
first-serve basis until the course is filled.
For more information, see our web page at:
http://www.sml.cornell.edu/Shoals/courses/akumal.html
or contact either:
Shoals Marine Laboratory
Cornell University
G-14Y Stimson Hall
Ithaca, NY  14853-7101
email: shoals-lab@cornell.edu
phone: 607-255-3717
Web Site: http://www.sml.cornell.edu
or
Dr. Dan Shapiro (course instructor)
Institute for Earth Systems Science and Policy
California State University Monterey Bay
100 Campus Center
Seaside, CA  93955-8001
email: daniel_shapiro@monterey.edu
phone: 408-582-3090
fax: 408-582-3057
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  6 16:24:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA24561; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 16:23:53 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA20488; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 16:25:41 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020446; Fri, 6 Mar 98 16:25:07 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA14382; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 20:32:02 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA14377; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 15:31:59 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA10251; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 15:31:52 -0500
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 1998 15:31:52 -0500
Message-Id: <199803062031.PAA10251@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: HotSpots -- Tahiti area
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980306135013.14051A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 110
NOTES:   HotSpots   Bleaching -- 3 Mar 98
As the El Nino "warm pool" in eastern tropical
Pacific finally appears to be beginning to show
signs of weakening, HotSpots now appear to be
on the increase in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Areas seen as prime suspects for initial stages of
bleaching include the southern coasts of Indonesia
and Papua New Guinea.  Also, more extensive
HotSpots are continuing in the vicinity of the
Seychelles.
The high surface temperatures appear to have
lessened a bit over the northern and central GBR.
SSTs continue to increase near Tahiti and once
again along the Pacific coasts of Panama and
Costa Rica above the Gulf of Panama   has
anyone seen evidence of bleaching at any of
these new locations?
Posted on 3/3/98 at:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  6 19:42:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA26133; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 19:41:57 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA23314; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 19:43:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023310; Fri, 6 Mar 98 19:43:36 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA14681; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 23:43:43 GMT
Received: from arl-img-4.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA14676; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 18:43:38 -0500
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by arl-img-4.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id SAA05997
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Fri, 6 Mar 1998 18:42:51 -0500 (EST)
Date: Fri, 6 Mar 1998 18:42:28 -0500
From: Harry McCarty <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
Subject: The Coral Disease Page
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199803061842_MC2-35D6-106A@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA26133
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 111
Harry McCarty and Esther Peters are pleased to announce the birth
of a new web page!
The Coral Disease Page can be found at:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mccarty_and_peters/coraldis.htm
(Yes, its a long URL, but that can't be avoided.  You might try
copying it to the clipboard and pasting it into your browser.)
After a two-year gestation and a somewhat difficult birth,
parents and web page are doing fine!
This site is designed to promote the exchange of information
about diseases of hard or stony corals and other reef organisms.
It consists of a brief introduction to diseases of coral reef
ecosystems and a series of pages that discuss various diseases of
hard corals, sea fans, and coralline algae that have been
recognized on reefs thus far.  In addition to information on
specific diseases, you can use a key that allows you to identify
a potential disease based on some characteristic visual signs of
each disease (abnormalities in appearance, behavior, or
morphology).  We have also included a list of links to related
sites and some ideas for what you can do to help.
This site is intended to be a living document.  At present, we
have posted information on over a dozen known diseases.  We plan
to add more information as it becomes available.  We will be
happy to collaborate on postings of other diseases and to add
links to other web sites containing related information.
Fair Warning:  Because detailed images are necessary to
illustrate clearly the characteristics of these diseases, some of
the graphics on the subsequent pages may take some time to load.
We have tried hard to balance the need for detail and the size of
the files.
We appreciate your comments, but suggest that you send them to us
directly, rather than through the coral list server.  If there is
sufficient interest, we will post information about updates to
the site as they occur.
Thanks for your time.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar  7 20:55:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA29083; Sat, 7 Mar 1998 20:55:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA04543; Sat, 7 Mar 1998 20:57:04 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004537; Sat, 7 Mar 98 20:56:22 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA16512; Sun, 8 Mar 1998 01:14:15 GMT
Received: from mail.samoa.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA16497; Sat, 7 Mar 1998 20:14:06 -0500
Received: from mikeking.samoa.net ([203.35.212.148]) by mail.samoa.net
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c)
          ID# 0-45225U2500L250S0) with SMTP id AAA235
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Sat, 7 Mar 1998 14:13:36 -1100
Received: by mikeking.samoa.net with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BD49D3.8B1E7C80@mikeking.samoa.net>; Sat, 7 Mar 1998 14:15:55 -1100
Message-ID: <01BD49D3.8B1E7C80@mikeking.samoa.net>
From: mking@samoa.net (Mike King)
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: book on tropical fisheries
Date: Sat, 7 Mar 1998 13:07:46 -1100
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id UAA29083
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 112
Fisheries Biology,
Assessment and Management
176 illustrations, 320 pages, 1995. ISBN 0 85238 223 5
Price 25.99
Author: Michael King
"I am frequently asked to recommend a textbook which will provide
 fisheries science students with a firm grounding in fish biology,
the collection and analysis of data and its application to fisheries management.
This will be it from now on!... I recommend this both as a course text
to students and a technical manual to more experienced
practitioners."  Journal of Fish Biology
"We have here a fine textbook indeed, especially useful to students
in marine and fisheries biology."  World Fishing
"Comprehensive as well as interesting to read."  Seafood International
As the over-exploitation of fish stocks continues on a global scale, the need
to develop and enhance skills in fisheries assessment and management
becomes ever-more urgent if we are to ensure that fish remain
a renewable resource providing employment and food.
Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management is a new, core text which
provides essential information and expert guidance on modern methods
of resources management for both temperate and tropical fisheries and is directed
to students of marine science and biology and fisheries researchers,
scientists, and managers.
Modern catching methods are reviewed in full, analyses of fisheries
resource species are provided, from invertebrates (such as sea cucumbers)
to migratory fish species (such as Tuna) and, unlike other available texts,
Fisheries Biology, Assessment and Management contains a large number
of worked examples and numerous graphs, charts, diagrams and line drawings.
This new work is destined to become the foundation text and leading
reference in this vital area of fisheries science, and is one of several titles
available on inspection for lecturers and course tutors wishing
to evaluate textbooks for potential class use.
 Blackwell Science Ltd
Order from
Fishing News Books (Blackwell Scientific Publications)
Oxford, UK
Fax from overseas 44  865  721205
Phone 44  865  240201 (extension 2304 or 2242)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar  8 22:52:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA02057; Sun, 8 Mar 1998 22:52:36 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA22282; Sun, 8 Mar 1998 22:54:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022273; Sun, 8 Mar 98 22:54:02 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA18885; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 02:53:46 GMT
Received: from names.si.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA18880; Sun, 8 Mar 1998 21:53:38 -0500
Received: from ic.si.edu (ic.si.edu [160.111.2.92]) by names.si.edu with SMTP (8.7.1/8.7.1) id VAA13161 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 8 Mar 1998 21:56:41 -0500 (EST)
Received: from SIWP01-Message_Server by ic.si.edu
	with Novell_GroupWise; Sun, 08 Mar 1998 21:49:35 -0500
Message-Id: <s503126f.080@ic.si.edu>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Sun, 08 Mar 1998 21:52:01 -0500
From: Brice Quenoville <quenovib@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Damselfishes of the world
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 113
Hi,
I would like to buy a copy of Gerald Allen's 1991 book "Damselfishes
of the world" (the one I have belongs to the library and has been
longely overdue). I have tried to find references using the internet
web pages of the publisher and the distributer but it looks like it
is not anymore available (it is not even mentioned). I have also
contacted Gerry Allen himself but he hasn't any copy left. Would
anyone have an idea?
Thanks a lot and sorry for using the list in such a way, but my study
is focused on these fishes and I would prefer to have them in colour
than in black and white...
Brice
Brice Quenouille
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
Naos laboratory, Unit 0948
APO AA 34002-0948
USA
Fax: (507) 228 0516
Tel: (507) 228 4022 or 228 4150, extension 3366 or 3365
email: quenovib@naos.si.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  9 08:48:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA04261; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 08:48:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA01392; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 08:50:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001369; Mon, 9 Mar 98 08:49:17 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA19651; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 13:00:42 GMT
Received: from italy.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA19646; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 08:00:37 -0500
Received: from [38.26.14.103] (ip103.an3-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.14.103])
	by italy.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA15392
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 04:59:29 -0800 (PST)
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 1998 04:59:29 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <l03130303b1295282c8f7@[38.26.14.103]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Cyanide Fishing
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 114
Dear Listers,
The Global Coral Reef Alliance and the New York Zoological Society (NY
Aquarium) are engaged in lab & field experiments involving the affects of
cyanide on corals (host & zoox.).
We are trying to reach Bob Richmond of the University of Guam for
collaboration. We have very high quality slides of acroporids severly
damaged and killed by cyanide use, If anyone has pictures of corals KILLED
by cyanide please contact me directly. I will be glad to pay any costs
involved.
This practice is still being used throughout the Pacific for the aquarium,
and resturant trade. We have seen reefs damaged within a short time due to
this immoral method of capture.
Thank you, James M. Cervino
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  9 14:48:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA10976; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 14:48:22 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA21270; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 14:50:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021258; Mon, 9 Mar 98 14:49:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA01558; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 18:13:19 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA01553; Mon, 9 Mar 1998 13:13:15 -0500
Date: Mon, 9 Mar 1998 13:13:15 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Marbio Info
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980309131236.1534A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 115
Please excuse this message if you already have this information.
For those of you who have an occasional need to post information not
directly related to coral research, but of interest to marine biology
generally, you may gain information on subscribing to the marbio (i.e.,
marine biology) listserver by sending the following command to
marbio@mote.org:
	info marbio
Hope this helps.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 10 09:53:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA18457; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 09:53:25 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA28098; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 09:55:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028069; Tue, 10 Mar 98 09:54:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA03692; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 13:57:03 GMT
Received: from hpl.hpl.umces.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA03686; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 08:56:58 -0500
Received: from localhost (karla@localhost)
	by hpl.hpl.umces.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA26963;
	Tue, 10 Mar 1998 08:55:46 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 10 Mar 1998 08:55:45 -0500 (EST)
From: Karla Heidelberg <karla@hpl.hpl.umces.edu>
Reply-To: Karla Heidelberg <karla@hpl.hpl.umces.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, cnidaria@uci.edu,
        mees-students <mees-students@umail.umd.edu>, grad-env@glue.umd.edu
cc: Susan Weiler <weilercs@whitman.edu>
Subject: URGENT! ASLO Congressional Fellow (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.96.980310084857.26413C-100000@hpl.hpl.umces.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 116
Am. Society of Limnology and Oceanography/AIBS Congressional Science
Fellowship, 1998-1999
As part of its commitment to facilitate responsible, informed, and
scientifically sound consideration of public policy issues, ASLO and the
American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) are working with AAAS to
sponsor a Congressional Science Fellow.  This program is designed to
provide the Fellow with a unique opportunity to make practical
contributions to the more effective use of aquatic science knowledge in the
U.S. government, and to demonstrate the value of the aquatic sciences to
society's decision-making and problem-solving.
The Fellow will spend 12 months on Capitol Hill working with Members of
Congress or Congressional committees as a special assistant in legislative
and policy areas requiring scientific expertise.  The Fellow will
participate in a comprehensive orientation session in Washington in
September, 1998, on the relevant congressional and executive branch
operations plus a year-long seminar series on issues involving science,
technology, and public policy.  The Fellowship may begin immediately
following the fall orientation, or it may be postponed to a January 1999
start.  Reports to ASLO and AIBS during the year are expected.  The annual
stipend is $35,000.
APPLICATION CRITERIA:  Applicants must be U.S. citizens and members of ASLO
in good standing with an earned doctorate or equivalent doctoral-level
degree
at the time of application.  Application materials for the fellowship and
membership information for ASLO are available from
ASLO
Attn. Dr. Susan Weiler
Tel: 509-527-5948
weiler@whitman.edu.
Completed applications must be sent directly to
AIBS/ASLO CONGRESSIONAL FELLOWSHIP
AIBS HQ
Attn. Jodi Kolber
1444 Eye St. NW
Washington, DC 20005
(jkolber@aibs.org; 202-628-1500 x253)
Applications must be received by AIBS HQ absolutely no later than April 3,
1998
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 10 22:59:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA09802; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 22:59:44 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA26033; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 23:01:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026028; Tue, 10 Mar 98 23:00:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA06295; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 03:06:30 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA06290; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 22:06:26 -0500
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id WAA19177
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 10 Mar 1998 22:02:08 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <n1322554975.95352@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 10 Mar 1998 22:06:48 -0500
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Sanctuary Manager
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-MS 3.0.2
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 117
There are two separate job announcements open for the position of Manager of
the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary, in the northwest Gulf of
Mexico.  The site, which consists of two submerged banks containing coral
reefs and other tropical habitats, and a third bank containing a low diversity
but highly productive coral and sponge community, is one twelve protected
areas administered by NOAA's National Marine Sanctuary Program.  The Flower
Gardens Sanctuary Manager oversees the administrative, resource protection,
education, research, and enforcement programs of the sanctuary.
One of the position announcements is for non-federal employees who wish to
apply (non-status), the other is for applicants who are currently federal
employees (status).
To apply through the non-status announcement, either call USAJOBS in San
Antonio, Texas at 210-805-2402 to request a copy, or use email at
www.usajobs.opm.gov.  Refer to vacancy announcement # DS-8-06-0354-BM.  Note
that applications for the non-status vacancy announcement should be received
by OPM in San Antonio by March 27, 1998.  Applications merely postmarked by
3/27/98 will not necessarily be considered.
To apply through the status announcement, you can go
"http://www.rdc.noaa.gov", and look under job announcements in the 300
series.  Find vacancy # H/NOS/98067.LPL.  The contact is Lisa Love at
301-713-0506 x194, if you have questions or need asistance.  Applications must
be postmarked by March 25, 1998, and received within three work days.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 11 09:17:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA12989; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:17:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA08277; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:19:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008249; Wed, 11 Mar 98 09:18:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07378; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 13:33:35 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA07373; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:33:32 -0500
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:33:31 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Coral Bleaching at Palolo Deep (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980311083302.7368B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA12989
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 118
Forwarded message:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: 9 Mar 1998 17:27:54 -0500
From: "Daschbach, N." <ndaschbach@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Coral Bleaching at Palolo Deep
We've also seen the same phenomenon here in American Samoa.  We had a week
of very low tides at midday, with long exposure to the air/sun, and air
temps have been in the mid 90s F, which is very hot for Samoa (we have had
record highs in the 95-96range).  Water temps are in the 30C range and
that increase (from the high 20s) has happened fairly recently.
Try the NOAA El Nino site for SSTs.
Nancy Daschbach
Fagatele Bay National Marine Sanctuary
________________________________________________________
Please respond to Mike King (mking@samoa.net) or to coral-list:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Thu, 5 Mar 1998 13:20:18 -1100
From: Mike King <mking@samoa.net>
Subject: Coral Bleaching
A survey at Palolo Deep (a National Marine Park near Apia, Western Samoa)
on 28 February revealed severe coral bleaching. Between 60 to 70% of all
staghorn Acopora on the reef top was bleached. This has occurred with
amazing rapidity (over a period of 5-6 days). In deeper water, all seemed
well.
Do you have any information on the El Nino driven plug of warm water
extending over the Pacific?
Best wishes,  Mike King.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 11 09:38:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA13399; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:38:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA09394; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:40:13 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009387; Wed, 11 Mar 98 09:39:57 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07387; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 13:35:34 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA07382; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:35:30 -0500
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:35:30 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Positions open in ECOSUR (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980311083429.7368C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 119
---------- Forwarded message ----------
From: salazar@nicte-ha.ecosur-qroo.mx (Sergio Salazar Vallejo)
Subject: Positions open in ECOSUR
        pfarias@ecosur-qroo.mx
Dear colleagues,
ECOSUR is El Colegio de la Frontera Sur: it's a Federal Mexican Government
research center. It has campuses in several cities in Southern Mexico like
Villahermosa, Campeche, San Cristobal, Tapachula, and Chetumal. The
Chetumal Unit is mainly focused to coastal ecology issues, it has some 30
full-time researchers being the second one largest in ECOSUR. Most
researchers are Mexican though there are two German, one French, and one
Dutch colleagues in this Unit.
ECOSUR has a Graduate Program in Natural Resources Management and since
last few months, it's responsible for planning a research project on the
Northwestern Caribbean reefs. This is expected to be an international
initiative including Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras. It's aims are
to have a better integral management and to avoid some tourism-related
damages in the reefal ecosystem. We hope to be able to share our
experiences through workshops, intensive training and coordinated research
projects.
We realize we need more colleagues to cooperate in this effort. Thus, we
are glad to announce we have several positions open in:
        Integrated Coastal Zone Management
        Taxonomy and Ecology of Non-commercial Benthic Crustaceans
        Taxonomy and Ecology of Macroalgae
        Taxonomy and Ecology of Coral Reefs
        Taxonomy and Ecology of Sponges
        Taxonomy and Ecology of Molluscs
Interested colleagues should be fluent in Spanish and willing to succeed
in a different cultural and working environment which includes pressures
to publish in international journals, get extra-mural funding, and for
teaching at the Graduate level.
Please send me a letter of research interests including availability,
e-mail codes of three recomendants, an abridged Curriculum vitae, and
photocopies of:
        1) Ph.D. Diploma.
        2) Recent publications.
        3) Documents of teaching experience.
        4) Cover of thesis of your students (directed by yourself).         =
This call will be closed only when positions become occupated.
				* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
				* Sergio I. Salazar-Vallejo *
				* Depto. Ecolog=EDa Acu=E1tica  *
				* ECOSUR, Apdo. Postal 424  *
				* Chetumal QR 77000 MEXICO  *
				*			    *
				* Tel. (983) 21666, 20115   *
				* Fax  (983) 20447	    *
				* http://www.ecosur.mx      *
				* * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 11 09:49:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA13553; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:49:31 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA09659; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:51:19 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009620; Wed, 11 Mar 98 09:50:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07394; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 13:36:07 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA07389; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:36:03 -0500
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 1998 08:36:03 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: octocoral sclerites (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980311083536.7368D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 120
---------- Forwarded message ----------
To: Coral-List <coral-list>
From: Kiho Kim <kim@neb.com>
Subject: octocoral sclerites
Hi All,
I am hoping that someone can help me track something down.  I was told (or
read somewhere) that in some areas, about 70% of the sediment is made up
of octocoral sclerites.  Does anyone know where this may have come from?
Please respond to me in directly if you can help. Thanks.
Kiho Kim
Ecology & Systematics
Cornell University
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 11 10:11:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA14131; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 10:11:47 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA11027; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 10:13:36 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010972; Wed, 11 Mar 98 10:12:35 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA07656; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 14:25:12 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA07651; Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:25:08 -0500
Date: Wed, 11 Mar 1998 09:25:08 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching & Spawning Archives; Referencing
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980311090329.7571A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 121
Bleaching
---------
Sorry for the delay, but the archive of all incidences of coral bleaching
which have been reported through announcements to coral-list has been
updated.
The data files represent individual reported instances of coral bleaching,
or related information.  The format of the data files represent the
approximate date of bleaching or of a report.  For example b951006.dat
would represent an incidence of bleaching on or about October 6, 1995.
No claim is made as to the accuracy of these reports.  For more
information, contact the author of the report.
Spawning
--------
Unfortunately, incidences of spawning have not been reported through
coral-list quite so much as for bleaching; however, those incidences have
been updated in the spawning archives.  I, for one, would very much like
to see any posting of coral spawning which includes species, time, and any
meteorological and/or oceanographic information which you can include,
e.g., sea temp, salinity, phase of the tide, moon phase, etc.
The same "disclaimer" as above applies for the spawning archives.
Accessibility
-------------
Both bleaching and spawning archives are accessible from the CHAMP Home
Page at:  http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov under Bulletins.
Referencing
-----------
If you care to reference these messages in a publication, following are
some links which discuss the protocols for doing this (i.e., referencing
Web documents):
http://www.sccu.edu/faculty/R_Harris/evalu8it.htm
http://cs.art.rmit.edu.au/projects/media/hypertext/citation/web_citation.html
http://www.coastal.edu/services/lib/citing.htm
http://english.ttu.edu/acw/ http://ernie.bgsu.edu/~skrause/Lists.html
http://falcon.eku.edu/honors/beyond-mla/
http://kalama.doe.hawaii.edu/hern95/pt035/
http://ublib.buffalo.edu/libraries/units/sel/general/cite.htm
http://www.beadsland.com/weapas/
http://www.cas.usf.edu/english/walker/mla.html
http://www.cc.emory.edu/WHSCL/citation.formats.html
http://www.daemen.edu/services/wspace/default.html
http://www.hamline.edu/library/
http://www.lafayette.edu/library/homepage.html
http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Internet/MLAStyleSheet.html
http://www.lib.uconn.edu/English/
http://www.muhlenberg.edu/library/ref/ref_sty.html
http://www.uvm.edu/~xli/reference/apa.html
http://www.uvm.edu/~xli/reference/mla.html
http://www.valpo.edu/eis/Writing_Center.html
I hope this helps you in your work.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	NOAA's Coral Health and Monitoring Program
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 12 07:21:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA22689; Thu, 12 Mar 1998 07:21:49 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA11025; Thu, 12 Mar 1998 07:23:38 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011007; Thu, 12 Mar 98 07:23:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA11314; Thu, 12 Mar 1998 11:53:21 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA11309; Thu, 12 Mar 1998 06:53:18 -0500
Date: Thu, 12 Mar 1998 06:53:17 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ** Announcing Weekly Coral-List-Digest! **
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980312063535.11211A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 122
For those of you who would prefer to get a weekly digest of coral-list
messages, rather than each coral-list message as it is sent, I am happy to
announce that Louis Florit, our Systems Engineer who originally set up and
configured coral-list, has now implemented coral-list-digest for us.
If you'd like to get off the regular coral-list and on to
coral-list-digest, send the following text in the body of a message to
majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov:
	unsubscribe coral-list
	subscribe coral-list-digest
You should receive something like the following message:
	>>>> unsubscribe coral-list
	Succeeded.
	>>>> subscribe coral-list-digest
	Succeeded.
	>>>>
	>>>>
in addition to the new Welcome Message for Coral-List-Digest.  Of course,
you can remain on both lists, if you wish.  Or, stay on coral-list until
you're sure the digest is working for you, then unsubscribe from the
regular (coral-list) list.
The digest messages will be sent Fridays at midnight (EST/USA), unless
there are over 55 KB worth of messages, in which event a digest will be
created early, and an additional one will be sent on Friday at midnight,
as well.
Please note that if you are subscribed to coral-list-digest, you must
either reply directly to the person who posted a message, or to
coral-list, NOT to coral-list-digest (this won't work for you).
There may be some difficulties at first, so we appreciate your patience in
such an event.
If you have any comments or questions, please do not hesitate to drop a
line.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 13 03:57:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA04660; Fri, 13 Mar 1998 03:57:13 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA15105; Fri, 13 Mar 1998 03:59:03 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015095; Fri, 13 Mar 98 03:58:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA15367; Fri, 13 Mar 1998 08:52:35 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA15362; Fri, 13 Mar 1998 03:52:28 -0500
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id SAA03448; Fri, 13 Mar 1998 18:53:47 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980313183508.0069572c@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Fri, 13 Mar 1998 18:35:08 +1000
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Coralist: fdamselfish book
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 123
Gerald Allen's 1991 book "Damselfishes of the world" is available at the
address below (along with many other coral reef titles; they will have a
new catalog out later this month):
Sea Challengers Natural History Books
35 Versailles Court
Danville, CA 94506 USA
Phone 925 327-7750
Fax   925 736-8982
e-mail: seachalleng@earthlink.net
web site up in several weeks: http://www.seachallengers.com
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
PMB 3,
Townsville MC, Qld 4810,
Australia
phone 61 (07) 4753 4241
email d.fenner@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 16 12:26:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA25523; Mon, 16 Mar 1998 12:26:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA07457; Mon, 16 Mar 1998 12:28:24 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007440; Mon, 16 Mar 98 12:28:13 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA02200; Mon, 16 Mar 1998 17:07:52 GMT
Received: from iztacala.unam.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA02195; Mon, 16 Mar 1998 12:07:42 -0500
Received: from localhost (tvjred@localhost)
	by iztacala.unam.mx (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id LAA14138
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 16 Mar 1998 11:02:24 -0600
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 1998 11:02:24 -0600 (CST)
From: Tovar Juarez Edgar <tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:  Biogeochemical cycles
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980121173718.30512A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980316105959.14038B-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 124
>    Does anyone know of any recent references on:
>
>     Biogeochemical cycles of heavy metals in coral-reef ecosystems
>     or Heavy Metals in Thalassia testudinium, Ulva lactuca and Aplysia
      dactilomela
>
>     Please direct responses directly to Edgar Tovar at
>     tvjred@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx
>
>     Thank you for any assistance you may be able to provide.
>
>      Sincerely:
>
>                   Edgar Tovar.
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 17 03:56:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA03980; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 03:56:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA03116; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 03:58:19 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003112; Tue, 17 Mar 98 03:57:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA05842; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 08:47:40 GMT
Received: from mbox.wins.uva.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA05837; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 03:47:33 -0500
Received: from domeweb.wins.uva.nl
          by mbox.wins.uva.nl with ESMTP (sendmail 8.8.7/config 8.5).
          id JAA00478; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 09:48:27 +0100 (MET)
Received: from localhost
          by domeweb.wins.uva.nl (sendmail 8.8.7/config 8.5).
          id JAA09620; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 09:48:22 +0100 (MET)
Message-Id: <199803170848.JAA09620@domeweb.wins.uva.nl>
From: jaapk@wins.uva.nl (Jaap Kaandorp)
X-Organisation: Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics & Astronomy
                University of Amsterdam
                Kruislaan 403
                NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam
                The Netherlands
X-Phone:        +31 20 525 7463
X-Fax:          +31 20 525 7490
Subject: PhD position at the Computational Science Centre Amsterdam
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 1998 09:48:22 +0100 (MET)
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL25]
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 125
PhD POSITIONS AT THE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE CENTRE AMSTERDAM (CSA)
The Computational Science Centre Amsterdam (CSA) is a joint initiative of
research groups from Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Computer Science of
the University of Amsterdam.
Within the Computational Science Centre research is being done on complex
systems and processes stemming from physics, biology, chemistry,
environmental - and geosciences as well as anthropogenic disciplines
(engineering, finance, economics) using simulation and computational
techniques.
An important element within this multi-disciplinary research is the
development of new computational methods and techniques which are
required to make processes computable. The common characteristics of
systems from various disciplines (physics, biology, chemistry etc.)
contribute to a better knowledge and guarantee an optimal use of existing
expertise about complex systems.
At the University of Amsterdam Computational Science is a focus of new
research.  This joint initiative is being supported by the ``beta-cluster''
(physics, mathematics, computer science, chemistry, physical geography,
and biology). The centre of activities of this interdisciplinary
collaboration within computational science is at the Science-Park
Watergraafsmeer in Amsterdam, where also the Academic Computing Services
Amsterdam (facilities for High Performance Computing and Virtual Reality),
and the NWO institutes Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics,
the National Institute for Nuclear Physics and High Eenergy Physics, and
the  Centre for Mathematics and Computer Science are located.
Within the CSA there are currently a number of vacancies (see for more
vacancies and details http://www.beta.uva.nl/institutes/csa/):
Ph.D STUDENT MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BIOLOGICAL GROWTH PROCESSES
One of the most important recent discoveries in biology are the hox
genes which regulate embryonal development within the animal kingdom.
In this regulation, gradients formed by diffusion of morphogens play a
fundamental role. A suitable case study for the development of a simulation
model of morphogenesis are metazoans with a relatively simple bodyplan, as
for example sponges and stony-corals. The morphogenesis of these organisms is
partly controlled by the internal genetic regulation and partly by the
influence of the physical environment (for example hydrodynamics and light).
The aim of this project is to develop a model of the internal genetic
regulation of morphogenesis and to add this, ultimately, to an existing model
of the influence of the physical environment on the morphogenesis of
organisms as for example sponges and stony-corals. In these simulation
models large-scale computing techniques and particle -based methods, as
for example the lattice Boltzmann models to simulate diffusion and flow
processes will be used. We are seeking a (mathematical / physical) biologist
with experience in computer science, or computer scientists or physicists
with a strong interest in biology.  In this project we will cooperate with
biologists from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands Institute of
Sea Research, and the  National Institute of Water and Atmospheric
Research in New Zealand.
Purpose of appointment: PhD degree. Appointment is for a maximum of four
years. The salary ranges from Dfl.2,151 in the first year to Dfl.3,841 in
the fourth year. Employment is full-time (38 hours/week) unless otherwise
stated. Part-time employment (with a minimum of 32 hours/week) is possible
if supervisor agrees. A training and supervision plan will be drawn up with
the PhD student, stipulating the aims and content of the proposed research
project and the teaching obligations involved.
There is no closing date for applications yet.  Please send a letter of
application, a full CV, and the names and addresses of at least two referees
to the address below.  For more information, please contact:
Prof. dr. P.M.A. Sloot (telephone +31 20 525 7463, email: peterslo@wins.uva.nl)
and/or  Dr. J.A. Kaandorp (telephone +31 20 525 7539, email: jaapk@wins.uva.nl).
The Computational Science Centre Amsterdam
Kruislaan 403
1098 SJ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
telephone +31 20 525 7537
fax       +31 20 525 7490
email csa@beta.uva.nl
World Wide Web: http://www.beta.uva.nl/institutes/csa/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 17 07:47:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA04924; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 07:47:25 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA06222; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 07:49:15 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006170; Tue, 17 Mar 98 07:48:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA06500; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 12:32:32 GMT
Received: from isurus.mote.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA06495; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 07:32:28 -0500
Received: from isurus by isurus.mote.org  with smtp
	(Linux Smail3.2.0.92 #2) id m0yEvYY-0011WdC; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 07:33:22 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 1998 07:37:50 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>, Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        FISH-SCI list <FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se>
Subject: Pigeon Key Courses
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.980317073621.13118A-100000@isurus>
X-X-Sender: emueller@isurus.mote.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 126
Apologies for any cross-postings.
Final Circular - Requests for application packets must be received by
March 20.
1998 Advanced Courses in Tropical Marines Sciences
Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center
16-23 August, 1998
The following courses are offered for advanced undergraduates and graduate
students. Working professionals desiring to gain current information in
these topic areas are also encouraged to apply. The courses take a
hands-on approach and address current issues in the respective fields.
Each course will be limited to 12 students.
****************************************************************************
Reproduction and Recruitment in Tropical Marine Fishes
Jonathan M. Shenker, Ph.D., Florida Institute of Technology
Description: This course will address topics ranging from reproductive
behavior and physiology to a "larva-eye" view of the pelagic environment
to broad ocean-wide processes that affect recruitment. There will be a
focus
on characterizing various processes as possible "bottlenecks" in the
population dynamics of fish species, and the implication of these
bottlenecks for fisheries management. Both general principles as
well as details specific to the Florida Keys will be discussed. Larval and
juvenile fishes will be sampled from pelagic habitats for taxonomic
analysis,  behavior observations and measurements of growth rates,
including age/growth estimation through otolith analysis. Fish behavior in
the field will also be observed.  Experiments will be conducted to
quantify nightly recruitment levels at artificial reefs deployed near
Pigeon Key. Student teams will coordinate collection of different data
sets for presentation at end of class.
Prerequisites: College level biology courses are required. Courses in
vertebrate zoology, fisheries biology, developmental biology, ecology,
physical oceanography and general marine sciences will be helpful. SCUBA
optional. Course cost: $750.00
***************************************************************************
Diseases of Corals and Other Reef Organisms
Esther C. Peters, Ph.D., Tetra Tech, Inc.
Description: During the last two decades, the potential for severe impacts
to coral reef populations and communities from the effects of various
diseases has been recognized. Diseases have been described affecting
corals, fish, coralline algae, and sea urchins, sometimes with
wide-ranging effects. This course will introduce students to the field of
pathobiology of marine organisms. The focus of lectures, dives and
laboratory sessions will be on diseases affecting hard corals, but
information will also be presented on diseases of other reef
organisms.Methods of studying diseases will include collection of field
monitoring data and physiological, histological and microbiological
techniques. The course will provide students with a state-of-the-art
overview of reef pathobiology, experience with relevant techniques, and an
understanding of the need for a multidisciplinary approach to its study.
Prerequisites: College level biology courses and SCUBA certification are
required. Courses in invertebrate zoology, microbiology, ecology,
chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, histology or marine sciences will be
helpful. Course cost: $800.00.
**************************************************************************
Credit
The PKMRC is not offering credit through any institution. However, the
PKMRC and instructors will work with the students' institutions to provide
credit if possible (through directed studies, research courses, etc.). The
student, or institutional representative, should then let the instructor
know what requirements are necessary. For example, credit-seeking students
may have to write a paper or take an exam. This approach allows us to keep
our costs down and eliminate any potential dificulties with transfer of
credit.
Costs
The course fee includes all course materials, accommodations (in the
newly-restored, historic dormitory), all meals (dinner, 8/16 through
breakfast on 8/23), SCUBA costs and weights. Participants should provide
mask, fins and snorkel and, if diving, their own regulator, BCD and weight
belt.  Use of SCUBA equipment requires completion of additional forms,
medical clearance and acceptance by the Mote Marine Laboratory Diving
Safety Officer.
Key  Dates
        20 March, 1998 - Application receipt deadline.
        3 April, 1998 - Acceptance packets mailed out.
        1 May, 1998 - Deposits due.
        12 June, 1998 - Last day to request refunds.
        31 July, 1998 - Balance and dive forms due.
        16 August, 1998 - Courses start.
For more information and application materials, contact:
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center   Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL   33050
Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
           http://www.mote.org
Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 17 08:30:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA05327; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 08:30:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA07883; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 08:32:28 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007870; Tue, 17 Mar 98 08:31:41 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA06640; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 13:15:42 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA06635; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 08:15:39 -0500
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 1998 08:15:39 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Satellite Imagery Advisory (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980317074752.6548B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 127
Forwarded message.  This might be of use in local studies of coral reefs
threatened by other environmental events:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
3/12/98
CONTACT:	Patricia Viets, NOAA
		(301) 457-5005
MEDIA ADVISORY
NOAA PLACES IMAGERY OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS ON LINE
	The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has placed
satellite imagery of significant environmental events from around the
world on line. The imagery is suitable for illustrating news and feature
stories.  Captions and explanations are included. The events that are
monitored regularly are:  fires, volcanoes, tropical storms, floods, oil
spills, and snow and ice.
	The following report is an example of the imagery that is
available each day:
Significant events identified by Satellite Analysis Branch meteorologists
and reviewed by the Operational Significant Event Imagery team on
Thursday, March 12, 1998, are as follows:
Fires - The smoky conditions in Borneo appear to be improving in this GMS
image.  The smoke, which was very dense this time yesterday, is much
lighter now.  A smoky haze is still visible extending from eastern Borneo
southeastward into the Java Sea and more can be seen moving northeast from
the same position.
The second image in this series is significant because of what it doesn't
show.  AVHRR Channel 3, which generally detects hot spots on the surface
quite well, seems to indicate the absence of any concentrated heat sources
in eastern Borneo.  There are a few scattered spots in the region and a
few more somewhat concentrated spots in Malaysia, but nothing compared to
the past weeks.  Multichannel color and single channel imagery was
processed and posted to:
http://duc9.wwb.noaa.gov/SPECIAL/FIRES/FSMind071.gif
http://duc9.wwb.noaa.gov/SPECIAL/FIRES/FSHind071.gif
Fires in Venezuela, Colombia and Brazil show up well as hot spots in this
AVHRR Channel 3 image.  There is a concentrated area of fires in western
Venezuela and scattered ones throughout northeast Columbia.  Single
channel imagery was processed and posted to:
http://duc9.wwb.noaa.gov/SPECIAL/FIRES/FHSbrz071.gif
Something of a mystery in these AVHRR and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping
Spectrometer) images.  A large cloud can be seen extending from Southeast
Asia well into the South China Sea. After some analysis we suggest that it
is probably smoke from fires in Vietnam and Laos.  The phenomenon shows up
extremely well on the TOMS imagery which measures the concentration of
particles in the air.  Corresponding hot spots were seen in Laos and
Vietnam indicating fires on the surface.  This feature has been persisting
for a few days.  Multichannel color imagery was processed and posted to:
http://duc9.wwb.noaa.gov/SPECIAL/FIRES/FSMseasia071.gif
Snow and Ice - California braces for yet another powerful storm in this
GOES-9 image.  The spiral of low pressure is off the Oregon coast but
heavy clouds are already moving in to California.  More rain is certainly
not welcome as the ground is still saturated from past storms.
Multichannel color imagery was processed and posted to:
http:/duc9.wwb.noaa.gov/SPECIAL/SNOW/STMwest071.gif
Editors:  If you wish to receive a daily summary of these events by
e-mail, please notify: pviets@nesdis.noaa.gov
###
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 17 15:06:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA13046; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 15:06:22 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA01495; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 15:08:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001390; Tue, 17 Mar 98 15:07:33 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07967; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 19:46:57 GMT
Received: from solar.acast.nova.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA07962; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 14:46:53 -0500
Received: from ncs3p111.ncs.nova.edu by solar.acast.nova.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id OAA23948; Tue, 17 Mar 1998 14:49:22 -0500
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980317145125.00effe08@pop.nova.edu>
X-Sender: joshua@pop.nova.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 17 Mar 1998 14:51:25 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Joshua Feingold <joshua@polaris.acast.nova.edu>
Subject: Caribbean Reef Fish Images
In-Reply-To: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980316105959.14038B-100000@tlali.iztacala.un
 am.mx>
References: <Pine.LNX.3.95.980121173718.30512A-100000@tlali.iztacala.unam.mx>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 128
Hello,
Our department is putting together a web page and I would like to include
an image of an attractive Caribbean reef fish. We can even get fancy and
include a brief video segment of a fish swimming across the page. In
particular we would like to have an image or sequence of the fish in
profile. Parrotfish, damsels, angels would all be likely candidates.
If you can be of assitance, please contact me directly.
Thanks!
Joshua Feingold
Department of Math, Science and Technology / Oceanographic Center
Nova Southeastern University
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
(954) 262-8307
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 18 22:11:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA28797; Wed, 18 Mar 1998 22:11:30 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA00951; Wed, 18 Mar 1998 22:13:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000942; Wed, 18 Mar 98 22:12:58 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA14914; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 03:02:07 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA14909; Wed, 18 Mar 1998 22:01:58 -0500
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id NAA01872; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 13:02:43 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980319130228.006a2c20@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 1998 13:02:28 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: coralist: black band
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 129
During a Conservation International rapid assessment survey in the north
Palawan area of the Philippines in February 1998, black band disease was
observed on 4 species of corals at 4 sites as follows:
All sites are in the Calamaian Group of islands north of Palawan Is.:
1 colony of Pachyseris gemmae at the West side of Gutob Penninsula
    12 deg 11.74' N, 119 deg 51.59' E
1 colony of Turbinaria mesenterina on the SE tip of Galoc Is.
    11 deg 56.62' N, 119 deg 49.20' E
2 colonies of Montipora florida at south arm, Halsey Harbor
    11 deg 44.07' N, 119 deg 57.03' E
Montipora aequituburculata at Twin Peak islands, W. Coron Is.
    11 deg 57.40' N, 120 deg 12.57' E
black band had been observed previously near the first site listed.
Douglas Fenner, Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
PMB 3,
Townsville MC, Qld 4810,
Australia
phone 61 (07) 4753 4241
email d.fenner@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 19 03:40:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA29765; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 03:40:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA05087; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 03:42:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005075; Thu, 19 Mar 98 03:41:39 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA15776; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 08:36:26 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA15770; Thu, 19 Mar 1998 03:36:18 -0500
Received: from PBARU.WASANTARA.NET.ID (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id PAA04412;
	Thu, 19 Mar 1998 15:35:18 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by PBARU.WASANTARA.NET.ID (Mercury 1.21);
    19 Mar 98 15:37:31 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.21); 19 Mar 98 15:36:50 +0700
Received: from pcdx4 by PBARU.WASANTARA.NET.ID (Mercury 1.21) with ESMTP;
    19 Mar 98 15:36:44 +0700
From: "Training Centre" <rutc@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <JMCousteau@aol.com>,
        <tusa@internetnorth.com.au>, <asiadive@singnet.com.sg>,
        <dm16@york.ac.uk>, <astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
        <Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov>, <jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
        <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>, <rhayes@fac.howard.edu>, <goreau@bestweb.net>,
        <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>, <reefprj@tm.net.my>
Cc: "Abdallah" <abdallah@chimie.u-strasbg.fr>
Subject: Underwater Exhibition
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 1998 15:05:04 +0700
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1161
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <66A901D57DF@PBARU.WASANTARA.NET.ID>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 130
Dear Coral Netters
	In order to comemorate and celebrate the International Year of Ocean 1998
and The National Environment Day 1998, we are The Coral Reef Rehabilitation
and Management Project Team (COREMAP) First Level Regional Development and
Planning Board of Riau Province Indoensia will conduct the underwater
Panorama Exhibition wiyh sympatic themes " Monetary Crisis is Not Reason To
Forget Nature Conservation" , in Pekanbaru, next June 1998.
	The exhibition will present the underwater living such as coral reef,
seagrass, fish etc So we will invite the dive shop and diving service to
support the activities.
	In ordr to riches the materials that will be presented to the community,
we nee help to send your literature, or others such as Photos,  Posters,
Compact Disc and Video about underwater living. And another sources that be
able to provide material we need as well.
	Hope you read this message, and dicide something to help us.
Thank's for your attention
Your sincerely
WIJAYANTO
Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project (COREMAP)
First Level Regional Development and Planning Board of Riau Province
Jln Cut Nya' Dhien Pekanbaru - Riau
Sumatera - Indonesia
Phone ; 62-761-36031
Fax    ; 62-761 36035
e-mail : crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
            rutc@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 20 07:35:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA11912; Fri, 20 Mar 1998 07:35:08 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA19265; Fri, 20 Mar 1998 07:37:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019257; Fri, 20 Mar 98 07:36:01 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA20574; Fri, 20 Mar 1998 12:18:54 GMT
Received: from atlas.coqui.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA20569; Fri, 20 Mar 1998 07:18:49 -0500
Received: from coqui.net (mayaguez-ppp147.coqui.net [206.99.219.147])
	by atlas.coqui.net (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id IAA27978
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 20 Mar 1998 08:25:59 -0400 (AST)
Message-ID: <35125E69.30FB50C0@coqui.net>
Date: Fri, 20 Mar 1998 08:17:45 -0400
From: jack morelock <morelock@coqui.net>
Reply-To: morelock@coqui.net
Organization: marine research associates
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: message coral-list noaa <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: uw housing for digital camera
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 131
I want to use the Olympus D 600L digital camera for coral studies. I am
looking for an underwater housing for this camera; does anyone know a
manufacturer or dealer that would have a suitable housing. depths of use
will be up to 150 feet. reply to morelock@coqui.net
jack morelock
univ. puerto rico
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 23 09:37:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA01081; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 09:37:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA04755; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 09:38:58 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004708; Mon, 23 Mar 98 09:38:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA10063; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 14:07:40 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA10058; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 09:07:36 -0500
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 1998 09:07:36 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Welcome Message repeated
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980323090357.10047A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 132
For those of you who have deleted the original Welcome Message, it is
repeated here for your benefit, in case you need to refer to it.  Please
note the sections on subscribing, unsubscribing and the new
coral-list-digest, which is sent once a week (usually) and contains all
the previous week's messages.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Welcome to the Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server!
	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements among coral
health researchers pertaining to coral reef health and monitoring
throughout the world.  The list is primarily for use by coral health
researchers and scientists.  Currently, about 800 researchers are
subscribed to the list.  Appropriate subjects for discussion might
include:
	o  bleaching events
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases
	o  high predation on coral reefs
	o  environmental monitoring sites
	o  incidences of coral spawnings
	o  shipwrecks on reefs
	o  international meetings and symposia
	o  funding opportunities
	o  marine sanctuary news
	o  new coral-related publications
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
	o  coral health initiatives
	o  new and historical data availability
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology
	o  recent reports on coral research
-- To Subscribe to the List --
	Since you just got this message, you are already subscribed to the
list!  However, if you wish to instruct others how to subscribe to the
list, have them send e-mail to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, with the
following message (only!) in the body of the text:
	subscribe coral-list
-- To Un-Subscribe from the List --
	To un-subscribe from the list, send e-mail to
majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in the
body of the text:
	unsubscribe coral-list "Your Name" <your_address@your.domain>
-- To Post a Comment or Announcement --
	To post a message to the list, simply address your comments or
announcements to coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.  The message will be
circulated to all members of the list.  The members may respond to you
directly, or post their comments to the list for all to read.
-- Coral-List Digest --
	If you prefer not to receive coral-list messages as they are
sent, but would rather receive a weekly digest of messages, please
send your messages for subscribing and unsubscribing to
majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, as above, only use coral-list-digest as
the list you'd like to subscribe to.  For instance, if you wanted to get
off the regular list, and on to the digest list, you'd send the following
message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov:
	unsubscribe coral-list
	subscribe coral-list-digest
	Digest messages will be sent once a week, unless the number of
messages is over 55 KB in content, in which case a new digest will be
generated.
-- Help --
	To see a list of the functions and services available from the
list-server, send an e-mail message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, with
the following message (only!) in the body of the text:
	help
-- Other Coral Health Related Information --
        The Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) has a World-Wide
Web Home Page at the following URL:
        http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov
-- Add your name to the Coral Researchers Directory! --
	After you read this message, you may wish to add your name to the
Coral Researchers Directory.  To do so, send the following information to
lagoon@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, with your name (Last Name, First Name) in the
Subject: line of your message:
Name:		(How you'd like it to appear.)
Title:
Institution:	(or N/A)
Address Line 1:
Address Line 2:
Address Line 3:
City:
State or Province:
Country:
Business Phone:
Business Fax:
E-mail:
Other info:	(Add up to, say, 20 lines, if you'd like.)
-- Etiquette --
1)  When responding to a posting to the list, do not respond
	*back* to the entire list unless you feel it is an
	answer everyone can benefit from.  I think this is
	usually the case, but responses such as, "Yeah, tell
	me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular
	in a hurry.  Double-check your "To: " line before
	sending.
2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list.  If
	you feel compelled to chastise someone, please send them
	mail directly and flame away.
3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic
	as possible before posting a query to the list. (In
	other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your
	research for you.) Please consider:
	o  Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource)
	o  The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web:
	o  The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory
		(i.e., search for your topic, ask the
		experts directly)
	o  The CHAMP (and other) Web sites' links page(s)
  But please *do* avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted
	other sources.
4)  Please carefully consider the purpose of the coral-list
	before posting a message.  This is a forum comprised
	primarily of researchers who devote major portions
	of their work time to the study of corals or
	coral-related issues.
5)  Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all.
-- Problems --
	If you have any problems concerning the list, please feel free to
drop a line to:  hendee@aoml.noaa.gov.
	We hope you enjoy the list!
	Sincerely yours,
	Jim Hendee
	Louis Florit
	Philippe Dubosq
        Ocean Chemistry Division
        Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
        4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
        Miami, FL  33149-1026
        USA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 23 13:27:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA05533; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 13:27:07 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA17092; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 13:29:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017061; Mon, 23 Mar 98 13:28:35 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA11100; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 18:21:40 GMT
Received: from imo26.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA11095; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 13:21:37 -0500
Received: from MERPM@aol.com
	by imo26.mx.aol.com (IMOv13.ems) id 6UHEa20453
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 23 Mar 1998 13:21:58 -0500 (EST)
From: MERPM <MERPM@aol.com>
Message-ID: <483eee48.3516a847@aol.com>
Date: Mon, 23 Mar 1998 13:21:58 EST
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Information about marbio (the marine biology list)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Windows 95 sub 62
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 133
To all:
Someone announced, through coral-l, that it is possible to get information
about marbio by sending the message "info marbio" to marbio@mote.org.
The message to send was correct as given but the address was wrong.  If you
are interested in marbio please send the message "info marbio" (without
quotes) to <majordomo@mote.org>.
If you send it to the wrong address it just ends up in my bounced mail file.
Marbio is an unmoderated list but we do have filters in place to cut down on
spamming, etc.
Thanks,
Mike Marshall
marbio list owner
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 25 08:03:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA29016; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 08:03:30 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA25579; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 08:05:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025560; Wed, 25 Mar 98 08:04:59 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA18087; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 12:27:21 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA18082; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 07:27:17 -0500
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 1998 07:27:16 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980325072424.18072A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 134
Forwarded message:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 24 Mar 1998 15:03:55 -0500
From: Harilaos Lessios <lessiosh@naos.si.edu>
To: coral-list
Subject: Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium
Allen Press, which mailed the Proceedings of the 8th International Coral
Reef Symposium last November, has had some packages returned because
people were no longer at the addresses they had back in 1996.  The list of
the returned packages is at the end of this message.  If you are one of
these people, or if you have an address for them, please let me know.
Thanks
**************************************
H.A. Lessios Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute Unit
0948 APO AA 34002-0948
Tel: +507/228-4022 x 3308
Fax: +507/228-0672
***************************************
Returned packages:
S. L. Anthony
Department of Zoology
University of Texas
Austin TX 78712
USA
Marianne Corless
Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University
Holetown St. James
BARBADOS
Leanne Fernandes
Program on Environment
East West Center
1777 East West Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96848
USA
Beatriz Fleury Grosso
Central Queensland University
Rockhampton QLD 4702
AUSTRALIA
Diana Sofia Herazo Cardenas
INPA
Centro Comercial Getsemani
Calle 30 N #8b-74, Local 1A 41-44
Cartagena Bolivar Zona 1-104
COLOMBIA
David Kline
Carleton College
300 North College St
Northfield, MN  55057
USA
Martin Kuhrau
Zoologisches Institut
Universitat Koln
Weyertal 119
Koln N   D-50923
GERMANY
Supin Pfautsch
East-West Center
EWC Box 1142
1777 East-West Rd.
Honolulu, HI  96848
USA
Brice Semmens
Texas A&M University
1001 Harvey #68
College Station, TX 77840
USA
Sascha Steiner
The School for Field Studies
Center for Marine Resource Studies
P.O. Box 22750
Ft. Lauderdale FL 3335
USA
Florence Thomas
University of Hawaii
1325 Wilder Ave.
19 Makai
Honolulu HI  96822
USA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 25 15:04:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA05805; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 15:03:45 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA13114; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 15:05:38 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013098; Wed, 25 Mar 98 15:05:21 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA19547; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 19:46:42 GMT
Received: from usgcrp.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA19541; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 14:46:36 -0500
Received: from [131.182.242.89] by usgcrp.gov (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA24466; Wed, 25 Mar 98 14:48:35 EST
X-Sender: tsocci@earth.usgcrp.gov
Message-Id: <v02140b05b13f0f185066@[131.182.242.89]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 1998 14:46:55 -0500
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: March 30th U.S. Global Change Seminar: "Origin, Incidence, and Implications of
      	 Amazon Fires"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 135
                       U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series
                       Origin, Incidence, and Implications of Amazon Fires
What are the past, present, and projected rates of Amazonian deforestation?
What are the principal forces driving deforestation?  What role do fires
play in the deforestation of the Amazon?  Which parts of the Amazon are
experiencing arid conditions leading to fires?  What are the ecological and
social risks of deforestation, now and in the future?  How do management
practices affect the health of the Amazon?  What role do climate variations
(i.e., El Nino cycles) play in maintaining the health of the Amazon?
                                                    Public Invited
                               Monday, March 30, 1998, 3:15-4:45 PM
            New Location: Dirksen Senate Office Bldg., Room 562, Washington, DC
                                                 Reception Following
INTRODUCTION
Dr. William T. Sommers, Director of Vegetation Management and Protection
Research, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Forest Service, Washington,
DC
SPEAKERS
Dr. Daniel Nepstad, Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, MA
Dr. Compton J. Tucker, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Laboratory for
Terrestrial Physics, Greenbelt, MD
                                               OVERVIEW
More than 12% of the 2-million square miles of Brazilian Amazonian forest
has been deforested, and converted to crop- and pastureland.  In 1995
alone, an area of forest the size of Maryland was cleared and burned.  In
addition to this most extreme form of forest alteration, large areas of
Amazonian forest have been selectively logged or burned beneath the canopy,
beyond the view of deforestation mapping exercises.  Both deforestation and
forest impoverishment through logging and ground fire greatly increase the
incidence of fire in Amazonia, because these land-use activities replace
the tall, dense, naturally-resistant virgin forests with agricultural lands
and degraded forests that are highly flammable.  During the seasonal
drought that affects half of Amazonia, many of these flammable ecosystems
burn.  When seasonal drought is very severe, such as during the El Nino
event of 1997/98, even virgin forests become more vulnerable to the ravages
of fire.  Hence, a significant portion of the northern Amazonian state of
Roraima has burned in the 97/98 dry season, and continues to burn now, in
March.  On a broader scale, the NOAA satellite detected 50% more Amazonian
fires in 1997 than in 1996.
Tropical forests also store large amounts of CO-2, and therefore, play a key
role in regulating the world's climate.  Mostly as a result of
deforestation, Brazil now accounts for nearly 10% of the world's greenhouse
gases being emitted into the atmosphere, an amount comparable to many
developed countries.  Burning half the Amazon, for example, would release
roughly 35 billion tons of CO-2 into the atmosphere, the equivalent of
approximately 6 years' worth of greenhouse gas emissions for the entire
world.  Unfortunately, as a result of land-use influences and practices,
much of the Amazon is also losing its natural capacity to protect itself
from fires, as well as losing its capacity to store carbon and, therefore,
limit future climate warming.
               Has the Rate of Deforestation in the Amazon Increased?
Yes.  The deforestation rates for the Brazilian Amazon that were recently
released by the Brazilian Space Research Institute (Instituto Brasileiro de
Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE) show that the area of forest cut and burned
nearly doubled from 1994 (15,000 square km) to 1995 (29,000 square km).
In 1996, the rate declined again, to 18,000 square km, and early analysis
indicates that 1997 rates of deforestation were comparable to 1994 rates.
These deforestation rates are much higher however, than the rates reported
in 1992, when only 11,000 square km of forest were cleared each year.
Do These Deforestation Rates Provide an Accurate Description of Human
                         Impacts on Amazonian Forests?
The INPE deforestation monitoring program provides the most reliable
estimate of the areal extent of forest conversion to agriculture and
ranchland in the Brazilian Amazon, which is the most extreme form of forest
conversion.  However, these estimates do not include alterations of the
forest through selective timber harvest and forest groundfire.  These
land-use activities impoverish the forest by killing trees and animals, by
releasing carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and by rendering the forest
more vulnerable to fire.  Studies conducted in the field indicate that the
area of forest altered by timber harvest and ground fire may be similar in
size to the area that is deforested during some years.
                    What is Burning in Amazonia in Addition to Forests?
The Amazon Institute of Environmental Research (Instituto de Pesquisas
Ambientais da Amazonia - IPAM) and the Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC)
conducted a field survey in 1996 of five regions in the Brazilian Amazon
where intensive deforestation and logging have taken place.  This study
provides the first detailed analysis of types of burning that are taking
place in the region.
This study indicates that the area of an average property burned each year
ranged from 5% (properties less than 5000 hectares) to 19% (properties
greater than 100 hectares) in 1994 and 1995.  Deforestation - the outright
cutting and burning of mature forest - was responsible, on average, for
only 16% of the total burned area, while 73% percent of the burning is on
land that is already deforested and supports pastures, secondary fallow
forests, and other types of non-forest vegetation.  Eleven percent of the
burning is beneath the canopy of standing forests.  This last type of
burning, which is called forest ground fire, is difficult to monitor using
satellites.  During years of intense drought the areal extent of forest
ground fire generally increases dramatically.
What are the Major Ecological Risks Associated with the Burning and
                          Deforestation of the Amazon?
The virgin forests of Amazonia currently act as giant firebreaks through
the landscape, preventing the spread of fires ignited in pastures and
agricultural clearings.  If virgin forests lose this fire break function,
then large Amazonian landscapes will burn periodically, killing
fire-sensitive plants and  animals, reducing the amount of biomass stored
in these forests by 10% to 80%, and reducing the amount of water pumped
into the atmosphere - moisture that is necessary to maintain the water and
rainfall cycles.  In addition to losing forest cover, fire also destroys
timber and other "useful" plants such as vines (for construction),
medicinal plants, and fruit trees.  Each time a forest burns, it becomes
more susceptible to future burning because trees are killed and fuel is
introduced to the forest floor.  The major risk from fire is therefore the
conversion of large areas of dense Amazonian forest into savanna-like scrub
forest.
       What are the Causes of Forest Ground Fires within the Amazon?
Both logging and drought are increasing the flammability of Amazonian
forests.  Each year, an area of Amazonian forest is logged that is similar
in size to the area that is deforested (Source:  IMAZON).  Logging
increases the flammability of these forests by opening up the leaf canopy,
allowing sunlight to penetrate to the fuel layer on the ground, and by
increasing the fuel load through the production of woody debris.
Even virgin forests become flammable when drought is severe.  Most forests
in eastern and southern Amazonia (half of the 2 million square miles of
closed canopy forest in Brazilian Amazonia) are subject to severe dry
seasons each year, but grow on deep clay soils that store water which trees
can tap during dry seasons to avoid drought-induced leaf shedding.  These
forests are at the "edge" of the rainfall regime that is necessary for them
to be forests, and to resist fire, and are very sensitive to slight
reductions in rainfall.  Droughts in Amazonia are most severe during El
Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events, and El Nino's appear to be
increasing in frequency and intensity.  The most intense El Nino in
recorded history is taking place right now.
                                Are There Ways to Reduce the Risk of Fires?
One of the most promising approaches to reducing fires is to prevent or
drastically reduce the number of accidental fires.  Half of the area burned
in 1994 and 1995 resulted from accidental fires.  Accidental fires resulted
in very large financial losses and extensive environmental damage.  For
example, in well-managed cattle pastures, cattle cannot be grazed on burned
pastures until 2 or 3 months into the rainy season.  Fires have damaged
fences, killed livestock, burned fruit trees, and threatened human health.
The owners of large ranches (greater than 1000 hectares) in Amazonia invest
an average of more than $2000/year in bulldozing fire breaks to prevent
their pastures and forests from catching fire.  Accidental fires cost these
ranchers more than $5000/year in lost grazing and damaged fences.  The
owners of small properties (less than 100 hectares) incur proportionate
costs associated with accidental fire.
The 9000-hectare Del Rei community, in eastern Amazonia, has come up with a
very promising local approach to the prevention of accidental fire.  This
farm community has implemented its own fire ordinance, which requires
community members to: (1) use fire breaks before they burn in preparation
for agriculture, (2) tell neighbors when they are burning their
agricultural plots, and (3) compensate those neighbors who suffer losses
because of their fires.  Reductions in the occurrence of accidental fires
can be achieved through good communication between neighboring landholders
and through local forms of governance.
                                                           Biographies
Dr. Daniel Nepstad is a tropical forest ecologist specializing in the
effects of drought on Amazon forests, and in forest recovery following land
abandonment .  He has been a scientist at the Woods Hole Research Center
since 1990.  In 1995, he co-founded the Amazon Institute of Environmental
Studies (Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais da Amazonia) based in Belem,
Brazil, which is now the largest non-governmental research institution in
Amazonia.  Dr. Nepstad has also been conducting field research in Amazonia
since 1984, and during that time, has documented the precarious water
balance of vast areas of Amazonian forest. His current research efforts are
focused on the prediction of fire risk in Amazonia, including the rainfall
regime at which Amazon forests become vulnerable to fire, and the land-use
patterns that are most likely to ignite fire-prone forests.
Dr. Nepstad and his colleagues are also engaged in identifying possible
solutions to the problem of Amazon burning, through research with farm
communities and ranchers, and through dialogue with government
policy-makers in Brazil.  In recognition and support of this application of
science to public affairs in Brazil, Dr. Nepstad was awarded a Pew
Fellowship in Conservation and the Environment in 1994.  Dr. Nepstad has a
Ph.D. degree from Yale University, CT, an M.S. degree from Michigan State
University, MI, and a B.A. degree from Kalamazoo College, MI.
Dr. Compton Tucker first came to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center in
1975 as a National Academy of Sciences post-doctoral fellow, and later
joined NASA as a scientist in 1977.  From 1975-1980 he concentrated on data
collection and analyses using spectrometer data and hand-held radiometers.
Since 1980, Dr. Tucker has used NOAA and Landsat satellite data for
studying vegetation dynamics including deforestation, desert boundary
determination, and terrestrial primary production   He is presently working
on describing African and Asian arid and semi-arid vegetation dynamics
using daily satellite data from 1981-1998; continuing work on deforestation
and habitat fragmentation in the Amazon; studying the relationship between
precipitation and grassland production in the Sahelian Zone of Africa; and
studying higher northern latitude photosynthetic increases from 1981-1998.
Dr. Tucker received his B.S. degree in biological science in 1969 from
Colorado State University in Ft. Collins, CO.  He later received an M.S.
Degree (1973) and a Ph.D. degree (1975) from the Colorado State
University's College of Forestry.
The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, April 20, 1998
Tentative Topic: Recent Developments in Modeling the Impacts of
                                           Aerosols on Climate
For more information please contact:
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  A complete archive of seminar summaries is also
maintained at this site.  Normally these seminars are held on the second
Monday of each month.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 25 22:00:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA08986; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 22:00:05 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA25132; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 22:02:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025126; Wed, 25 Mar 98 22:01:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA02112; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 02:54:51 GMT
Received: from venus.impsat.net.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA02107; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:54:46 -0500
Received: from a0-76.impsat.com.co (a0-76.impsat.com.co [200.31.13.76])
          by venus.impsat.net.co (8.8.5/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA06113 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:52:51 +0500 (GMT)
Received: by a0-76.impsat.com.co with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BD5838.1D33F880@a0-76.impsat.com.co>; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:51:06 -0500
Message-ID: <01BD5838.1D33F880@a0-76.impsat.com.co>
From: Claudia Pamela Osorio Dussan <cleoduss@impsat.net.co>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: artificial reef
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 1998 21:51:00 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 136
Dear coral-list
I would like to know some experience, beneficit, impacts about artificial reefs coral.
It will be made with six  old airplane made in aluminium, iron and fiver glass.
Thanks for your comments
please replay  cleoduss@impsat.net.co
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 25 22:37:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA09142; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 22:37:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA25585; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 22:39:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025576; Wed, 25 Mar 98 22:38:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA02234; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 03:34:51 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA02229; Wed, 25 Mar 1998 22:34:47 -0500
Received: from localhost (carlson@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA08962;
	Wed, 25 Mar 1998 17:34:44 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs
Date: Wed, 25 Mar 1998 17:34:44 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: carlson@iniki
To: Claudia Pamela Osorio Dussan <cleoduss@impsat.net.co>
cc: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: artificial reef
In-Reply-To: <01BD5838.1D33F880@a0-76.impsat.com.co>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980325172612.1334S-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 137
Claudia,
We had some real problems with airplanes used as artificial reefs here in
Hawaii.
A major storm rolled through here a few years ago and ripped the planes to
shreds scattering pieces of metal over a wide area of reef.  The planes
were in fairly deep water (70' - 100' as I recall).
I would NOT recommend sinking planes as artificial reefs.
Bruce Carlson
Waikiki Aquarium
********************************
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998, Claudia Pamela Osorio Dussan wrote:
> Dear coral-list
> I would like to know some experience, beneficit, impacts about artificial reefs coral.
> It will be made with six  old airplane made in aluminium, iron and fiver glass.
>
> Thanks for your comments
> please replay  cleoduss@impsat.net.co
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 26 16:06:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA19595; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 16:06:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA25934; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 16:08:18 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025894; Thu, 26 Mar 98 16:07:22 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA06031; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 20:39:33 GMT
Received: from ns1.fisheries.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA06025; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 15:39:26 -0500
Received: from host.fisheries.org by ns1.fisheries.org (NTMail 3.02.04) id ba013105; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 20:41:38 +0000
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19980326204047.0067d18c@mail.fisheries.org>
X-Sender: fisheries@mail.fisheries.org
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 1998 15:40:47 -0500
To: FISH-SCI-REQUEST@segate.sunet.se, FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se, ACN-L@acn.ca,
        coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        marmam@uvvm.uvic.ca, FWIM-L@listserv.vt.edu, ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu
From: American Fisheries Society <fisheries@fisheries.org>
Subject: American Fisheries Society Meeting
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 138
For more information contact: Betsy Fritz, AFS  301/897-8616, ext. 212;
bfritz@fisheries.org
or visit http://www.esd.ornl.gov/societies/AFS/annual98/index.html.
AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY MEETING WILL EXAMINE THE FUTURE OF FISHERIES SCIENCE
	More than 1,200 fisheries professionals from around the world are expected
to attend the American Fisheries Society (AFS) annual meeting 23-27 August
1998 at the Hartford Civic Center and Sheraton Hotel in Hartford,
Connecticut. Scientific presentations and plenary speakers will explore the
theme, "Challenges for the New Millennium: Shaping the Future of Fisheries
Science and the Fisheries Profession."
The meeting organizers--the CT Dept of Environmental Protection, Northeast
Utilities , AFS Southern New england chapter, Riverfront Recapture, CT Sea
Grant, and the Greater Hartford Convention and Visitors Bureau --invite you
to Hartford for a great meeting.  The technical program includes:
        the biology and management of American eel
        the history of the fish and fisheries of the CT River
        the implications of the Essential Fish Habitat clause of the
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery conservation and                 Management Act
        the use of watershed analysis in fisheries management
        new outreach tools for the fishery scientist
        the role of stock identification in stock assessment and management.
Investigate the sustainability of                 salmon fisheries
        the biology and conservation of sturgeon
        law enforcement in fisheries management
        the role of wetlands in fisheries management
        new quantitative methods for fisheries stock assessment
        the biological integrity of fish habitat
        climate change and freshwater fish habitat
        new technologies for fisheries assessments
        cooperative angler tagging programs
Two technical tours will highlight innovative fisheries research in the
local area.
        Examine the CT River fish passage facilities and the Conte
Anadromous Fish Lab
        Interact with scientists developing aquaculture methods and
conducting habitat related research at the              NMFS Milford Lab
For regular updates on the meeting, please access the AFS World Wide Web
site:  http://www.esd.ornl.gov/societies/AFS/annual98/index.html.
	###
Based in Bethesda, Maryland, the AFS is an international society of
fisheries professionals interesting in conserving and managing fisheries
resources in North America and throughout the world.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 26 22:20:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA21509; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 22:20:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA03351; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 22:22:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003336; Thu, 26 Mar 98 22:21:08 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA07573; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 03:09:05 GMT
Received: from netcom4.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA07568; Thu, 26 Mar 1998 22:09:01 -0500
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom4.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id TAA15019;
	Thu, 26 Mar 1998 19:09:04 -0800 (PST)
Date: Thu, 26 Mar 1998 19:09:03 -0800 (PST)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Reply-To: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: artificial reef
To: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
cc: Claudia Pamela Osorio Dussan <cleoduss@impsat.net.co>,
        "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980325172612.1334S-100000@iniki>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9803261905.A13704-0100000@netcom4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 139
On Wed, 25 Mar 1998, Bruce Carlson wrote:
> We had some real problems with airplanes used as artificial reefs here in
> Hawaii.
>
> A major storm rolled through here a few years ago and ripped the planes to
> shreds scattering pieces of metal over a wide area of reef.  The planes
> were in fairly deep water (70' - 100' as I recall).
>
> I would NOT recommend sinking planes as artificial reefs.
Planes are primarily composed of aluminum alloys.  They are not stable
against long-term immersion in salt water.  For that matter, aerospace
alumminum alloys are not stable to the amount of salt spray that KSC gets
from the ocean.  The only rockets that survive there without frequent
painting and care are the Atlas boosters, which are made of stainless steel.
Even without a storm, the planes will eventually disintegrate.  The only
part that has a chance of long-term survival in a submerged marine
environment is the fiberglass.  The aluminum and the iron are toast.
Craig
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 27 09:21:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA25491; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 09:21:30 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA12572; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 09:23:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012561; Fri, 27 Mar 98 09:22:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA09785; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 14:16:41 GMT
Received: from mtigwc04.worldnet.att.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA09780; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 09:16:37 -0500
Received: from yamukah ([12.70.64.24]) by mtigwc04.worldnet.att.net
          (post.office MTA v2.0 0613 ) with ESMTP id AAA9476;
          Fri, 27 Mar 1998 14:16:41 +0000
Message-ID: <351BB2AF.43220A54@worldnet.att.net>
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 09:07:44 -0500
From: Steve Gordon <steve-lintech@worldnet.att.net>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
CC: Claudia Pamela Osorio Dussan <cleoduss@impsat.net.co>,
        "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: artificial reef
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980325172612.1334S-100000@iniki>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 140
Bruce Carlson wrote:
> Claudia,
>
also check with the south florida artificial reef program
The sank a large boeing plane inside of Biscayne bay and I believe
also had problems with this structure moving durring storm periods
                                         Steve Gordon
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 27 12:57:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA28859; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:57:16 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA20113; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:59:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020098; Fri, 27 Mar 98 12:58:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA10479; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 17:52:13 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA10474; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:52:08 -0500
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:52:08 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: artificial reef - Reply (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980327125125.10471A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 141
>From Walt Jaap:
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:07:19 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us>
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: artificial reef - Reply
I agree that aircraft are not a good material for artificial reefs;
however, the truth is the intersection of independent lies  (Bradbury,
1977).   If you have the oppotunity to visit Truck Lagoon, be sure to
dive on the several Japanese aircraft that are found in 30 ft depths
around the lagoon.  I was rather amazed that they were intact and
looking good considering the time that has past since they ended up
in the sea (1944).    There was not much sign of corrosion on the
metal.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 27 22:09:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA02658; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 22:08:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA09321; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 22:10:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009312; Fri, 27 Mar 98 22:10:15 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA12168; Sat, 28 Mar 1998 02:59:53 GMT
Received: from netcom5.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA12163; Fri, 27 Mar 1998 21:59:42 -0500
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom5.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id SAA27993;
	Fri, 27 Mar 1998 18:59:40 -0800 (PST)
Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 18:59:40 -0800 (PST)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: artificial reef - Reply (fwd)
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980327125125.10471A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9803271821.A27533-0100000@netcom5>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 142
On Fri, 27 Mar 1998, Coral Health and Monitoring Program wrote:
You proceed from false assumptions.
The materials and alloys used in present aircraft construction have
little to do with those used circa 1940.
Craig
>
> >From Walt Jaap:
>
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> Date: Fri, 27 Mar 1998 12:07:19 -0400 (EDT)
> From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us>
> To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Re: artificial reef - Reply
>
>
> I agree that aircraft are not a good material for artificial reefs;
> however, the truth is the intersection of independent lies  (Bradbury,
> 1977).   If you have the oppotunity to visit Truck Lagoon, be sure to
> dive on the several Japanese aircraft that are found in 30 ft depths
> around the lagoon.  I was rather amazed that they were intact and
> looking good considering the time that has past since they ended up
> in the sea (1944).    There was not much sign of corrosion on the
> metal.
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 28 23:23:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA05335; Sat, 28 Mar 1998 23:23:04 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA20467; Sat, 28 Mar 1998 23:24:59 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020459; Sat, 28 Mar 98 23:24:06 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA15483; Sun, 29 Mar 1998 04:08:10 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA15473; Sat, 28 Mar 1998 23:07:55 -0500
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id OAA15470; Sun, 29 Mar 1998 14:07:50 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980329140715.006a7f08@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Sun, 29 Mar 1998 14:07:15 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: coralist: bleaching on GBR
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 143
Coralist members,
    There is a major bleaching event currently on the Great Barrier Reef.
For more information, check the Australian Institute of Marine Science web
site at  http://www.aims.gov.au   Click on "News", then find the releases
for 27 Feb and 12 March.  If you have any questions or comments, please
contact those who are listed there or Terry Done at t.done@aims.gov.au   Do
not reply to this message, as I have no further information.  -Doug
Douglas Fenner, Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
PMB 3,
Townsville MC, Qld 4810,
Australia
phone 61 (07) 4753 4241
email d.fenner@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 29 19:14:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA08029; Sun, 29 Mar 1998 19:14:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA02413; Sun, 29 Mar 1998 19:16:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002378; Sun, 29 Mar 98 19:15:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA18176; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 00:09:52 GMT
Received: from axis.scu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA18171; Sun, 29 Mar 1998 19:09:33 -0500
Received: from alsvid.scu.edu.au (root@alsvid.scu.edu.au [203.2.33.1])
	by axis.scu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA28374
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 10:08:33 +1000 (EST)
Received: from [203.2.41.5] (S-L2-Staff-5.scu.edu.au [203.2.41.5])
	by alsvid.scu.edu.au (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id KAA25433
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 10:12:40 +1000
X-Sender: dbucher@pophost.scu.edu.au
Message-Id: <v01540b01b14496fe3968@[203.2.41.5]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 1998 11:28:40 +1100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: dbucher@scu.edu.au (Daniel Bucher)
Subject: Re: bleaching on GBR (and beyond)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA08029
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 144
Dear coral listers,
Further to Doug Fenner's notice of bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef,  I
would like to add that the present bleaching event extends well south of
the GBR into coral communities in Northern New South Wales (at least to
Byron Bay, Lat.2837'S), affecting mostly Pocillopora damicornis in waters
to 15m deep. Water temperatures were recorded around 28C and unconfirmed
reports from commercial fishermen suggest temperatures over 30C further
offshore (temperatures in the low to mid twenties are the norm at this time
of year).
Regards, Danny
>Coralist members,
>    There is a major bleaching event currently on the Great Barrier Reef.
>For more information, check the Australian Institute of Marine Science web
>site at  http://www.aims.gov.au   Click on "News", then find the releases
>for 27 Feb and 12 March.  If you have any questions or comments, please
>contact those who are listed there or Terry Done at t.done@aims.gov.au   Do
>not reply to this message, as I have no further information.  -Doug
>Douglas Fenner, Coral Taxonomist
>Australian Institute of Marine Science,
>PMB 3,
>Townsville MC, Qld 4810,
>Australia
>phone 61 (07) 4753 4241
>email d.fenner@aims.gov.au
      -----------------------------------------------
                                          *
                                       *    *
                                           +
                    DANIEL BUCHER         *
   Associate Lecturer in Biology/Ecology/Marine Biology
             Centre for Coastal Management
               SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY
      P.O. Box 157, Lismore, N.S.W. Australia, 2480
        Phone: +61 +2 6620 3665   Fax: +61 +2 6621 2669
               E-mail: dbucher@scu.edu.au
                        web page at:
   http://www.scu.edu.au/schools/rsm/staff_pages/dbucher
     -------------------------------------------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 30 07:05:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA09960; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 07:05:29 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA08994; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 07:07:24 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008990; Mon, 30 Mar 98 07:07:23 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA19910; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 11:56:26 GMT
Received: from polaris.acast.nova.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA19905; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 06:56:15 -0500
Received: from localhost by polaris.acast.nova.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id GAA01056; Mon, 30 Mar 1998 06:57:49 -0500
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 1998 06:57:49 -0500 (EST)
From: JOSHUA Feingold <joshua@polaris.acast.nova.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc: Joshua Feingold <joshua@polaris.acast.nova.edu>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in the Galapagos Islands
In-Reply-To: <3.0.1.32.19980329140715.006a7f08@email.aims.gov.au>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.980330063837.874B-100000@polaris.acast.nova.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 145
Dear List Members,
Here's an update to Dr. Wellington's report from December. On a recent
trip to the Galapagos archipelago Andrew Baker and I observed extensive
coral bleaching. One benefit was that it was extremely easy to see
scattered colonies on the dark basalt backgrounds, making swimming surveys
as comprehensive as I have ever experienced. Nearly all corals were
bleached to some extent. The most strongly affected species was Porites
lobata followed by Pavona clavus, Pavona gigantea and Pavona varians.
Other affected species included Psammocora stellata, Diaseris distorta and
Cycloseris curvata. Interestingly, the genus most impacted during the
1982-83 ENSO, Pocillopora, seems to be faring quite well. Many
Pocillopora colonies exhibited normal pigmentation, while others showed
variable amounts of pigmentation loss. In other genera, many colonies
exhibited pigment loss on their tops with some pigmented tissues still
present along their flanks and in shaded portions. Psammocora exhibited a
range of pigment loss, and was one of the few genera to show distinctive
paling. Some Diaseris individuals (at 15m depth) were completely bleached,
but many still had pigment remnants in tissues btween septae. Most
Cycloseris individuals had relatively normal looking tissues on
their flanks. Bleached corals were observed in water depths ranging from
the surface to 30m. However, bleaching was more extensive in corals
shallower than 10-15m depth. A follow-up trip is planned for May.
Sincerely,
Joshua Feingold
Department of Math, Science and Technology / Oceanographic Center
Nova Southeastern University
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
joshua@polaris.acast.nova.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 31 13:48:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA26762; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 13:48:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA10941; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 13:49:58 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010927; Tue, 31 Mar 98 13:49:30 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA25947; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 18:30:48 GMT
Received: from igcb.igc.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA25941; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 13:30:28 -0500
From: reefnet@cerf.net
Received: from igc9.igc.apc.org (ns98b.igc.org [192.82.108.50])
	by igcb.igc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA05147
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 10:28:01 -0800 (PST)
Received: from [198.94.3.44] (wholland@ppp6-44.igc.org)
	by igc9.igc.apc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA13042
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 10:27:41 -0800 (PST)
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 1998 10:27:41 -0800 (PST)
X-Sender: reefnet@cerf.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <v01530500b147b9580d0d@[198.94.3.18]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Jim Hendee's 50th
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 146
 Dear Coral List, please send this message or your own on to our friend Jim at:
               hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
                Happy Birthday Jim!
                Sorry we missed it by one day.
                Thanks for all your good work.
                Grateful Coral-Listers
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 31 15:03:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA29138; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 15:02:44 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA14793; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 15:04:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014773; Tue, 31 Mar 98 15:04:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA26404; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 19:53:04 GMT
Received: from media1.caribsurf.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA26398; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 14:52:42 -0500
Received: from default ([205.214.206.80]) by media1.caribsurf.com
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with ESMTP id 301
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 31 Mar 1998 15:50:25 -0400
From: "ICLARM CEPO" <iclarm@caribsurf.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter - call for contributions
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 1998 14:28:33 -0400
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1161
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <19980331195024234.AAA56.301@default>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 147
REEF ENCOUNTER No. 23
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Dear all,
We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef
Encounter. We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to
a couple of pages on any aspect of reef studies, including news,
comments, short reviews (but not original scientific data) and
especially
illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline is 1st May and text sent by
email is strongly preferred. You can also send illustrations (and
text
if desired) to the address at the end of this message.
Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson,   iclarm@caribsurf.com
David Obura,    dobura@africaonline.co.ke
If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef
Studies and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts,
cr10@york.ac.uk
Thanks,
Maggie, David and Kristian
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3323, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-284-494 5681(office hours) or 1-284-496 6055 (mobile - any
time)
Fax: 1-284-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 31 17:35:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA02396; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 17:34:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA21922; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 17:36:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021897; Tue, 31 Mar 98 17:35:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA26953; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 22:16:12 GMT
Received: from wpmail.gbr.epa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA26947; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 17:15:59 -0500
Received: from gbdomain-Message_Server by wpmail.gbr.epa.gov
	with Novell_GroupWise; Tue, 31 Mar 1998 16:13:19 -0600
Message-Id: <s521161f.001@wpmail.gbr.epa.gov>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Tue, 31 Mar 1998 16:12:22 -0600
From: DEBBIE SANTAVY <SANTAVY.DEBBIE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: EPA Post Doctoral Position at Gulf Breeze
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 148
                           NHEERL POST DOCTORAL POSITIONS
                                       Ecology Research:  Position No: GED-3
  This position is located in Gulf Breeze, FL., for more information see:
http://www.epa.gov/nheerl/nh-post
Description of Position: Coral community Ecologist/Ecosystem
Assessment
The Gulf Ecology Division (GED) is seeking a post-doctoral candidate to
conduct research related to developing indicators of coral condition,
determining the histopathological processes involved in disease
development and spread, and defining the interactions of environmental
contaminants. Extension of this research to determine the effects of
anthropogenic stress on coral community structure and function, with a
focus on the coral communities of the Caribbean, is anticipated.
Responsibilities of this position include: (1) interacting with Division
scientists conducting coral research to ensure that research is
commensurate with assessing/predicting ecosystem-level effects, (2)
development of specific research projects and models to assess/predict
the effects of anthropogenic stress on coral ecosystems, (3) conduct
specific research to understand, assess, and/or predict the condition of
coral reefs as affected by man's activities, and (4) communicate the
results of research through symposia, workshops, and the
peer-reviewed literature.
Training and experience are required in the study of coral ecosystems
as they are affected by changing environmental conditions. Experience
in research related to the effects of anthropogenic stressors such as
toxic chemicals, nutrients, or pesticides on the structure/function of coral
ecosystems is desired. The ability to design and conduct independent or
collaborative research, analyze and interpret data, and prepare
reports/manuscripts is essential.
The preferred candidate will possess a Ph.D. in Aquatic Ecology, or
closely related field, and knowledge/experience in effects of
anthropogenic stressors on the structure/ function of coral ecosystems.
This is a three-year excepted service appointment with a salary range of
$31,897-$60,135, commensurate with qualifications. The selected
candidate will be eligible for a full benefits package, including relocation
expenses, health insurance, life insurance, retirement, vacation and sick
leave.
To be considered for this position, please send your curriculum vitae
(CV), letter of recommendation from your senior research advisor or
other comparable official, a letter indicating your research interest, and
the geographical location(s) that you prefer to: Ms. Karen Dean, ATTN:
Post-doc Recruitment, US EPA, NHEERL (MD-85), RTP, NC 27711. This
information should be received no later than April 30, 1998. EPA is an
Equal Opportunity Employer.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 09:41:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA07348; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 09:40:16 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA11939; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 09:42:11 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011920; Wed, 1 Apr 98 09:41:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA29664; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 14:04:22 GMT
Date: Wed, 1 Apr 1998 14:04:22 GMT
Message-Id: <199804011404.OAA29664@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: anya@emu.usyd.edu.au (Anya Salih)
Subject: re: bleaching on GBR
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 149
Re: More on bleaching on Great Barrier Reef
Between 1-14 March, I was able to join one of the GBRMPA crown-of-thorn
starfish survey cruises to GBR mid-shelf reefs, between Cairns and
Innisfail. At each visited reef I made video and coral spp
cover/bleaching-condition transects, which I'm now analysing. Briefly, the
coral bleaching situation on these reefs was as follows:
- Seawater temperatures (taken in 7-15 m of water at backreef moorings) was
27C to 30C, and mostly 30C throughout the day.
- A variable degree of bleaching was recorded on all reefs; was most
pronounced in shallower water, on reef flats and reef tops (1-3m depth);
and extended to 15m and possibly deeper. The degree of bleaching (complete
vs partial) and the numbers of spp affected, sharply declined with depth.
At shallow depths almost all corals had some degree of bleaching and many
were completely bleached. Deeper (below 2m depth), bleaching was more
pronounced on unshaded coral surfaces while undersides of branches and
other shaded colony parts were still pigmented. This indicates that solar
radiation such as high PAR (and possibly PAR+UV or UV) played a role in
this mass bleaching episode.
- Bleaching was generally less severe in front-reef rather than back-reef
zones.
- The degree of bleaching on the 5 surveyed reefs (in a line approx 100 km)
was variable:
1.The northern-most reef surveyed, Elford Reef (at approx. 35km from
shore), was moderately bleached, with most corals showing partial rather
than full bleaching;
2.Coates Reef,in the middle of that line of reefs (and about 43 km from
Mulgrave and Russel Rivers) was the most affected, with approximately 90%
bleaching on reef tops and reef edges; and 60-70% on upper slope in
backreef areas and approx. 70% bleaching of reef top corals in reef-front
areas.
 3. Hedley Reef, close to Coates reef (and approx 50km from mainland), less
than 60% bleaching.
4. About 30 km south and approx. 42km from the mainland, Cayley Reef was
severely bleached on reef tops to 3m depth (approx. 80% of corals partially
or fully bleached) and less severely bleached on slopes, with many
Pocillopora damicornis and Porites bommies remaining unbleached.
5. Feather Reef, (about 33 km from Johnstone River) - mostly only partial
bleaching of corals in shallower depths and only a few spp with complete
bleaching (P. damicornis and S. hystrix); and relatively little bleaching
on slopes.
- Some rough estimates of bleaching susceptibilities of some spp:
P. damicornis, S. hystrix and S. pistillata were the mOst affected species,
(70-100% fully bleached); less so, but also strongly bleached (60-90%) were
tabular (A. hyacinthus group) and digital (A. humulis group) acroporiids;
faviids were 50-90% bleached in shallow reef areas and less than 40% on
slopes; massive Porites were only partially bleached, with many unbleached,
while approx. 70% of encrusting poritiids (P.lichen, P. annae) were fully
bleached; very fleshy corals were least affected, e.g. Symphyllia spp less
than 5% bleached.
- Bleaching appeared to be induced by combined effects of elevated
temperature and solar radiation. Low salinity, caused by heavy rainfalls a
few weeks prior to the onset of bleaching, may have contributed to stress,
particularly on inner-shore reefs, but seems unlikely to be the main cause
of bleaching on mid-shelf reefs.
regards
Anya
PLEASE NOTE MY SLIGHT CHANGE IN EMAIL ADDRESS - NOW  anya@emu.usyd.edu.au
Anya Salih                      Internet:  anya@emu.usyd.edu.au
Marine Physiology Lab           Telephone:02-93513006 (Zool)
Zoology AO8                               02-93517540 (EMU)
School of Biological Sciences   Facsimile:02-93517682
The University of Sydney
Sydney, 2006, AUSTRALIA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 10:23:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA08169; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 10:22:40 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA14541; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 10:24:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014516; Wed, 1 Apr 98 10:23:44 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA29888; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 14:47:40 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA29881; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 09:47:29 -0500
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA18118;
	Wed, 1 Apr 1998 09:46:30 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <n1320697769.39715@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 1 Apr 1998 09:55:49 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in Panama
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "David Duffy" <afdcd1@uaa.alaska.edu>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA08169
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 150
                           Subject:                         Time:   6:09 AM
                           Coral Bleaching in Panama        Date:   4/1/98
El Nino Related Coral Bleaching in Panama
On a recent research cruise in Panama, a group of scientists from the University of Miami's Marine Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration observed coral bleaching in the waters off the Pacific coast of Panama. El Nino related temperature anomalies greater than one degree C are continuing along the Panama coast. In Panama's Gulf of Chiriqui region, bleaching was seen in almost all species of corals present. At six sites, including reefs at Uva Island and the Secas Islands that have been part of long term studies, 50% to almost 90% of corals had experienced at least partial bleaching.  Most species were partially bleached with most bleaching on the upper surfaces of colonies. This was the second wave of bleaching, following earlier bleaching seen in the Fall of 1997.  However, bleaching is not as severe as it was observed in 1983.
Sea surface temperatures in the area are currently 29 to 31 degrees C, nearly a degree and a half warmer than normal. Data from temperature monitors on the reefs indicate that elevated temperatures have existed periodically since mid-summer 1997. These agree with observations from NOAA satellite and blended sea surface temperature data. Corals from this area begin to bleach when temperatures are maintained above 29 degrees C.
While we suspect that the bleaching extends north into areas off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, we know of no one that has made observations to test this.
Images of weekly and monthly sea surface temperatures in the area from Costa Rica to the Galapagos can be found at:
     http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/oisst/
Cheers,
Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov
Check out the El Nino at http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 10:51:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA08511; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 10:51:00 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA16387; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 10:52:55 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016373; Wed, 1 Apr 98 10:52:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA00065; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:33:55 GMT
Message-Id: <199804011533.PAA00065@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 30 Mar 1998 16:15:03 +0100
From: "Dr. G=F6tz B. Reinicke" <g.reinicke@uni-essen.de>
Organization: Institute for Ecology, University of Essen
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleaching in Alcyonaceans ?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 151
Dear list members and bleaching observers,
Has anyone of you observed Bleaching in Alcyonacean (soft and gorgonian
corals) during the various recent events reported ? I haven't noticed
any mention in the reports on the list during last 2 years. The only
note in my hand is P. Glynn's (1993) report in Coral Reefs 12: 1-18,
showing a photograph of bleached Erythropodium caribaeorum from Florida.
However, many of the reef dwelling alcyonacean species are in fact
zooxanthellate, many soft corals in particular.
No Bleaching observed or reported to date from the Indo-Pacific ? Does
it mean that it doesn't occur ? Or does it reflect limited attention
payed to this group ?
Goetz Reinicke
--
Dr. Goetz B. Reinicke
University of Essen
Institute for Ecology - Hydrobiology
D - 45117 ESSEN, GERMANY
e-mail: g.reinicke@uni-essen.de
Phone: ++49 +201 183 3084
Fax: ++49 +201 183 2529
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 15:21:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA13178; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:20:17 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA00402; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:22:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000373; Wed, 1 Apr 98 15:22:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA01265; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 20:12:28 GMT
Received: from proxy4.ba.best.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA01260; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:12:16 -0500
Received: from carterg.vip.best.com (dynamic0.pm01.san-mateo.best.com [205.149.174.0]) by proxy4.ba.best.com (8.8.8/8.8.BEST) with ESMTP id MAA06165 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 12:10:53 -0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <3522A072.BC34A4BA@orf.org>
Date: Wed, 01 Apr 1998 12:15:46 -0800
From: Greg Carter <gcarter@orf.org>
Organization: Oceanic Resource Foundation
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Cabo Pulmo
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-Corel-MessageType: EMail
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 152
Greetings,
1) Does anyone have any information about coral spawning at the Cabo
Pulmo reef in the Sea of Cortez (Baja California peninsula)? Past
events, frequency, time of year, etc.
2) Would anyone be interested in posting a short current article
(previously published or otherwise) with photos on coral research to the
tecnical page of the Oceanic Resource Foundation website? Bleaching,
disease, spawning, etc.
Cheers,
Greg
--
Greg L. Carter                        Oceanic Resource Foundation
gcarter@orf.org               Celebrate the Year of the Ocean 1998
http://www.orf.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 16:02:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA13592; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:01:26 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA02145; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:03:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002141; Wed, 1 Apr 98 16:03:08 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA01356; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 20:57:57 GMT
Received: from radagast.wizard.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA01351; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:57:46 -0500
Received: from wash1.flipper (tc2-s30.wizard.net [206.161.15.106])
	by radagast.wizard.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA24529
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.>; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:57:25 -0500
Message-Id: <199804012057.PAA24529@radagast.wizard.net>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <aocjd#mail.wizard.net@flipper>
From: "Jennifer Dianto" <aocjd@mail.wizard.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:00:27 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Info request
Reply-to: aocjd@wizard.net
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 153
Attention Coral-List members:
The American Oceans Campaign is requesting your assistance to
contribute any reports, resources, brochures, curricula, posters,
etc. regarding fish habitat conservation.
AOC, a national environmental organization
dedicated to the protection of the marine environment, is launching an
extensive public education campaign to enhance fish conservation
efforts.
The outreach program will work to coordinate the efforts of
conservation groups, government agencies, marine educators, and other
interested parties to develop an educational resource warehouse to
enable increased public awareness regarding the following major
themes:
  Fish habitats are in danger
  Habitats are vital links to a healthy marine ecosystem
  Our actions impact these delicate habitats
  We can take action to protect and restore fish habitat
AOC's Fisheries Outreach Program aims to compile materials relative to
these themes into a vast database to create a Fish Habitat Web Site
that will serve as a clearinghouse of materials and information for
public accessibility.
Please contact us for more information:
Jennifer Dianto, Fisheries Outreach Coordinator
  American Oceans Campaign
  201 Massachusetts Ave., NE, Suite C-3
  Washington, D.C. 20002
  Email: aocjd@wizard.net
  Phone: (202) 544-3526
  Fax:    (202) 544-5625
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  1 16:31:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA13855; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:28:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA03587; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:30:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003557; Wed, 1 Apr 98 16:30:10 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA01402; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 21:10:48 GMT
Received: from biologia.univalle.edu.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA01393; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 16:09:27 -0500
Received: from localhost (edlocruz@localhost)
	by biologia.univalle.edu.co (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id PAA06996
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:49:54 +0500 (GMT)
Date: Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:49:54 +0500 (GMT)
From: "Edgardo L. Cruz" <edlocruz@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Scleroseptum
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980401104558.4310A-100000@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980401154822.6930A-100000@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 154
On Wed, 1 Apr 1998, Edgardo L. Cruz wrote:
Dear All
Does anybody know which part of the polip secrete the scleroseptum? and
How many years can a single polip live?.
Thanks everyone.
******************************************
Edgardo Londono Cruz
Biologo (Biologia Marina)
Maestria Ciencias Biologicas
Universidad del Valle
Cali. Colombia
e-mail: edlocruz@biomarina.univalle.edu.co
Interest: Coral Reefs and Rocky Shores Ecology
	  Mollusks.
******************************************
BBB  I   OO   L     OO    GGG   I   SSS  TTTTT
B  B I  O  O  L	   O  O  G      I  S       T
BBB  I  O  O  L    O  O  G  GG  I   SSS    T
B  B I  O  O  L    O  O  G   G  I      S   T
BBB  I	 OO   LLLL  OO    GGG   I   SSS    T
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr  2 06:47:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA16961; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 06:46:45 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA16635; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 06:48:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016622; Thu, 2 Apr 98 06:48:24 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA03014; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 11:42:16 GMT
Message-Id: <199804021142.LAA03014@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 02 Apr 1998 11:09:00 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: KATHARINA FABRICIUS <K.FABRICIUS@email.aims.gov.au>
Subject: extensive bleaching of soft corals on near-shore reefs of the
  GBR
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 155
Dear coral listers,
In response to Goetz Reinicke's question: Soft corals have experienced
extensive bleaching on the near-shore reefs of the central Great Barrier
Reef. Affected are almost all zooxanthellate orders and families (Briareum
is one exception), but the taxa show varying degree of susceptibility. Many
near-shore areas are 100% bleached within the upper 5 m, and ~ 20% bleaching
is still observed at 8 - 12 m depth. The rate of mortality is high even
among otherwise very persistant alcyonacean taxa (such as Sinularia). We are
about to conduct a 2-weeks AIMS survey to determine the extent of bleaching
on the central GBR, as well as species-specific and habitat-specific
susceptibility in soft corals to bleaching. Results should be available in a
month time.
Regards,
Katharina Fabricius
--------------------------------
Goetz Reinicke wrote:
Dear list members and bleaching observers,
Has anyone of you observed Bleaching in Alcyonacean (soft and gorgonian
corals) during the various recent events reported ? I haven't noticed
any mention in the reports on the list during last 2 years. The only
note in my hand is P. Glynn's (1993) report in Coral Reefs 12: 1-18,
showing a photograph of bleached Erythropodium caribaeorum from Florida.
However, many of the reef dwelling alcyonacean species are in fact
zooxanthellate, many soft corals in particular.
No Bleaching observed or reported to date from the Indo-Pacific ? Does
it mean that it doesn't occur ? Or does it reflect limited attention
payed to this group ?
Goetz Reinicke
______________________________________________________________________
Dr. Katharina Fabricius
Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS),
CRC for the Ecologically Sustainable Development of the Great Barrier Reef
Postal address: AIMS, PMB No 3, Townsville MC Qld 4810, Australia
Fax: (+ 61) 7 47725852, Phone: (+61) 7 47534412
Email: k.fabricius@email.aims.gov.au
Web: http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/~crcreef/4news/Exploring/feat18.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr  2 13:27:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA23136; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 13:24:38 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA03045; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 13:26:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003017; Thu, 2 Apr 98 13:26:00 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA03974; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 18:18:37 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA03969; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 13:18:28 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	 id NAA15196; Thu, 2 Apr 1998 13:15:35 -0500
Date: Thu, 2 Apr 1998 13:15:35 -0500
Message-Id: <199804021815.NAA15196@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Re: Kenya Coast Bleaching
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@bestweb.net
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 156
Do not believe this info has yet been posted here:
AES
<---- Begin Forwarded Message ---->
Date: Mon, 27 Aug 1956 20:49:11 +0000
From: David Obura <dobura@africaonline.co.ke>
Reply-To: dobura@africaonline.co.ke
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: HotSpots -- Tahiti area
Following my message of a few weeks saying there was as yet no coral
bleaching in Kenya, it has now started!
I'll send slightly more comprehensive description shortly, but the two
areas so far seen show the following conditions, with water temperatures
over 32 C, probably for at least 2 weeks.  The northern area apparently
has greater bleaching, perhaps due to its normally cooler waters under the
influence of the Somali system upwelling.
Mombasa area - bleaching of individual colonies (Porites, Acropora,
Pocillopora, Stylophora, Goniopora) and some patchy mortality in Porites
nigrescens, but all in shallow (0-2 m) lagoon patch reefs, ie. where
water is stable and well-heated for 3-4 hours a day.  A quick survey in
deeper water apparently showed no bleaching.
Lamu-Kiunga area (at the Somali border, approx. 80 km of coastline) -
extensive bleaching of large stands of Acropora and Porites in shallow
water, with bleaching of Pocillopora, Stylophora, Echinopora, Millepora,
Montipora, faviids ... you name it.  In some shallow patch reefs over half
the coral colonies are bleached, and individual colony bleaching was
common to 15 m on outer reef ledges, in particular Montipora and
Pocillopora.  However, litle mortality evident, only a few sheltered corals,
again, Porites nigrescens.
--
David Obura
Coral Reef Conservation Project
P.O.BOX 99470, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel: (0254-11) 485570, Fax: 487525
Email: dobura@africaonline.co.ke
<----  End Forwarded Message  ---->
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr  3 11:04:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA08198; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 11:03:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA09732; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 11:05:32 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009712; Fri, 3 Apr 98 11:05:14 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA06803; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 15:52:43 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA06798; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 10:52:28 -0500
Received: from mermaid.blur (mermaid [172.16.105.1])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA07984 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 10:49:51 -0500 (EST)
Received: by mermaid.blur (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA02402; Fri, 3 Apr 1998 10:50:05 -0500
Date: Fri, 3 Apr 1998 10:50:05 -0500 (EST)
From: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Sender: hendee@mermaid
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:  Program Coordinator position opening
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980403104802.2284I-100000@mermaid>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 157
My apologies for cross posting.
This message regards a position announcement for a Program Coordinator for
the Florida Bay Interagency Program Management Committee.  For those of
you who are interested, please see http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/flbay/.
Click on the button located on the lower right corner of the page to read
the announcement.
Please respond to Dr. Tom Armentano (Tom_Armentano@nps.gov; phone 305
242-7801), not to me, since I have no further information.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
  ----------------------------------------------------
  James C. Hendee
  Ocean Chemistry Division
  Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  U.S. Department of Commerce
  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway
  Miami, FL  33149-1026
  Voice:  (305) 361-4396
  Fax:    (305) 361-4392
  Email:  hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
  Web:    http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr  4 11:26:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA08971; Sat, 4 Apr 1998 11:25:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA13940; Sat, 4 Apr 1998 11:27:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013934; Sat, 4 Apr 98 11:27:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA09319; Sat, 4 Apr 1998 16:07:10 GMT
Received: from ns1.africaonline.co.ke by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA09314; Sat, 4 Apr 1998 11:06:54 -0500
Received: from 199.103.176.134 (ppp4.mombasa.africaonline.co.ke [199.103.176.134])
	by ns1.africaonline.co.ke (8.8.6/8.8.6) with SMTP id TAA14114
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 4 Apr 1998 19:10:06 +0300 (GMT)
Message-ID: <3525F6B3.634C@africaonline.co.ke>
Date: Sat, 04 Apr 1998 09:00:35 +0000
From: David Obura <dobura@africaonline.co.ke>
Reply-To: dobura@africaonline.co.ke
Organization: Coral Reef Conservation Project
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Macintosh; I; PPC)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching of non-hard corals
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 158
Extensive bleaching is also underway among alcyonaceans and anemones on
Kenyan reefs that are showing hard coral bleaching.  Genera in the former
group include Sinularia and Alcyonium, and in fact I tend to see more
sporadic and patchy bleaching, and mucus sheaths w. trapped sediment, in
these than in hard corals.  Anemones bleach less frequently, though
extensive stands of Heteractis (large anemone w. anemone-fish) can be
found v. bleached.
These notes from Mombasa and Lamu-Kiunga area, bleaching in the last 2
weeks.
--
David Obura
Coral Reef Conservation Project
P.O.BOX 99470, Mombasa, Kenya
Tel: (0254-11) 485570, Fax: 487525
Email: dobura@africaonline.co.ke
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr  5 10:15:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA10891; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 10:15:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA23904; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 10:17:30 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023878; Sun, 5 Apr 98 10:16:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11465; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 14:12:18 GMT
Received: from cimrs1.mnhn.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA11460; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 10:12:07 -0400
Received: from [192.134.153.100] (bimguillaum.mnhn.fr [192.134.153.100])
          by cimrs1.mnhn.fr (8.8.5/mnhn-5.2.9.2) with SMTP id QAA08942
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 16:01:55 +0100
X-Sender: guillaum@cimrs1.mnhn.fr
Message-Id: <v01520d02b14d4fc7f7b2@[192.134.153.100]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.2
Date: Sun, 5 Apr 1998 17:17:40 +0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: guillaum@cimrs1.mnhn.fr (Mireille Guillaume)
Subject: Soft coral bleaching
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by cimrs1.mnhn.fr id QAA08942
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA10891
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 159
Dear coral listers,
In response to Goetz Reinicke's question concerning bleaching in
Alcyonacean : During a short survey in 1993, we observed a limited
bleaching event concerning mainly stony corals but also some soft corals
only belonging to the genus Sinularia, on shallow fringing reefs located to
the North of Great Hanish Island (Southern Red Sea).
Regards
Mireille Guillaume
Dr. Mireille GUILLAUME
Curator of the Stony Coral Collection
Musum National d'Histoire Naturelle
Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertbrs marins et Malacologie
55 rue Buffon
75005 Paris FRANCE
Until April, 9th :
        Tel : 00 33 (0)1 40 79 30 90
        Fax : 00 33 (0)1 40 79 30 89
        E-mail : <guillaum@mnhn.fr>
>From April, 10th to May, 31st :
        Tel/Fax only : 00 291 1 12 23 57
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr  5 20:30:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA11757; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 20:30:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA01512; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 20:32:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001505; Sun, 5 Apr 98 20:31:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA12445; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 00:21:58 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA12439; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 20:21:42 -0400
Received: from cwhome.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA17306; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 10:20:43 +1000
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19980406000635.00702c48@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: cwilkins@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 06 Apr 1998 10:06:35 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Law, Economics, Politics and Reef Conservation
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 160
Calling on Lawyers, Economists, Policy Makers, Politicians, Social Scientists
A major theme of the World Bank coral reef meeting last October was the need
to involve other disciplines in reef conservation. Dr Ismail Serageldin, a
Bank Vice President, stressed this and I asked for lawyers, economists,
policy makers etc. to join an informal grouping of such professionals. Some
in the audience volunteered immediately.
This is a call to people from those disciplines to join an e-mail list,
probably attached to coral-list, to provide advice for coral reef managers
and scientists on conservation measures.
Advice required will vary from a response to a basic question of law,
economics or politics, to becoming involved in project teams to advise
governments or  plan MPAs, possibly requiring time in the field.  I cannot
say until we have tested the waters.
This will be a people resource listing and should be self regulating, with
those on the list determining the nature of appropriate enquiries, the limit
of personal involvement etc.  How it is managed should be decided by those
subscribing.
Please pass this to those not on coral-list who may be interested.
Reply to my address <C.Wilkinson@aims.gov.au> and I will compile the answers
for a later list posting. Please indicate whether you are willing to assist
in list coordination.
Thank you
~~><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ~~~ <>< <>< <>< <>< <><~~
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE
QLD 4810
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 7 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4772 2808 or 4772 5852
~~<>< <>< <>< <>< <><~~~~~><> ><> ><> ><> ><>~~
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr  5 22:36:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA12038; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 22:35:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA02907; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 22:37:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002903; Sun, 5 Apr 98 22:37:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA12787; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 02:24:51 GMT
Received: from solwarra.gbrmpa.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA12780; Sun, 5 Apr 1998 22:24:39 -0400
Received: from mon_proj_off.gbrmpa.gov.au (dhcp-193.gbrmpa.gov.au [146.116.1.193])
	by solwarra.gbrmpa.gov.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id MAA29804;
	Mon, 6 Apr 1998 12:19:27 +1000 (EST)
Message-ID: <35283CAF.6A200DEF@gbrmpa.gov.au>
Date: Mon, 06 Apr 1998 12:23:43 +1000
From: David Wachenfeld <davidwa@gbrmpa.gov.au>
Organization: GBRMPA
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "Dr. G=F6tz B. Reinicke" <g.reinicke@uni-essen.de>,
        Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Bleaching in Alcyonaceans ?
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <199804011533.PAA00065@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 161
Hi Goetz
Yes. There is a great deal of soft coral bleaching and associated
mortality here in the GBR. Notably, Sarcophyton, Sinularia and
Lobophytum. There are biologists from James Cook University and
Australian Institute of Marine Science currently surveying the extent of
soft coral bleaching. If you email me privately, I will give you their
email addresses so you can get more detailed information if you would
like.
Cheers,
David
--
Dr David Wachenfeld
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority
PO Box 1379
Townsville
Qld 4810
Australia
Tel +61 7 4750 0896
Fax +61 7 4772 6093
d.wachenfeld@gbrmpa.gov.au
http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  6 12:15:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA16851; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 12:15:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA22706; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 12:17:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022681; Mon, 6 Apr 98 12:16:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA14925; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 16:10:41 GMT
Received: from santamarta.cetcol.net.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA14918; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 12:10:23 -0400
Received: from localhost (caricomp@localhost)
	by santamarta.cetcol.net.co (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA26687
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 6 Apr 1998 11:06:17 +0500 (GMT)
Date: Mon, 6 Apr 1998 11:06:17 +0500 (GMT)
From: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
Reply-To: Caricomp - Invemar Colombia <caricomp@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: An address
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980406110419.26564A-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 162
I'm looking for the E-mail address of Dr. Raymond L. Hayes.  Does anybody
can help me with this?
Thanks a lot.
Diego L. Gil
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr  7 10:04:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA26925; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 10:03:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA28303; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 10:05:02 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028253; Tue, 7 Apr 98 10:04:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA18152; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 13:49:09 GMT
Message-Id: <199804071349.NAA18152@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: saiuj@ncll.com
Date: Wed, 1 Apr 1998 14:57:09 -0600
Subject: marine conservation
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 163
>
>I would like to let you know that I am working for the marine conservation
>specially for marine turtles and the corals around the offshore island St.
>Martin's of Bangladesh. It is a very small island in the Bay of Bengal. You
>can the map in big size just at the southern tip of teknaf peninsula. Very
>rich in coral and other related flora and fauna. But mostly overexploited
>due to illiterate people along with the turtles eggs. We started the program
>in 1996. But severe difficulties due to shortage of fundings. I am doing the
>job without salary for several months. Just for the interest of nature
>saving tasks I am doing so.
>Besides, due to lack of educational materials and other documentary
>materials it going to extreme difficulties day by day, as people do not
>understand what really nature is and what it shold be as. We have no scuba
>diving equipment. I was enthusiastic initially for the job but If due to
>lack of materials what could I do in the best. So if you can help me please
>inform me what sort of cooperation.
>I prefer #you manage educational materials of marine resources (I will
>translate them into Bangla for the local people); # send some video
>documentary of underwater world for peoples understanding; # It will be more
>helpful for me if you provide me an opportunity to get in some sort of
>training in marine conservation any where you like that I can apply my
>experience here in our country resources conservation. I hope you will
>decide in the best way to help me and the environment.
>Looking forward to hearing from you.
>
>Sincerely yours
>Mohammad Zahirul Islam
>Marine Conservation Program
>House no 15/22, Munshi bari
>South Sortha, Comilla 3500
>BANGLADESH.
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr  7 15:24:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA02393; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 15:24:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA19366; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 15:26:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019339; Tue, 7 Apr 98 15:25:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA19049; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 18:48:44 GMT
Message-Id: <199804071848.SAA19049@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 7 Apr 1998 13:13:34 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral pathogen
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 164
Check Dr. Laurie Richardson (Florida International University) et al.'s
letter ("Florida's mystery coral-killer identified") in this week's Nature
on identification of a coral pathogen and proving Koch's Postulates.
Bravo!  This is one of only a very few times that this sort of thing has
been done, but it is the path that we must take if we are ever to
understand coral diseases.
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/553-1109
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr  7 19:28:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA05832; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 19:28:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA01185; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 19:30:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001131; Tue, 7 Apr 98 19:29:39 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA20108; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 23:23:12 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA20103; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 19:23:00 -0400
Received: from tissot.marinescience ([128.171.115.75]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <149039(3)>; Tue, 7 Apr 1998 13:21:48 -1000
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980407132502.00a89a60@128.171.3.53>
X-Sender: tissot@128.171.3.53
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: 	Tue, 7 Apr 1998 13:25:02 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us
From: "Brian N. Tissot" <tissot@hawaii.edu>
Subject: RFP Hawai`i Coral Reef Initiative Research Program
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 165
I apologize for any cross-postings.
Please contact Dr. Michael Hamnett, (808) 956-2884 or hamnett@hawaii.edu if
you have questions.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hawai`i  Coral Reef Initiative Research Program
Request for Pre-Proposals
Congress has appropriated $500,000 for the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
Research Program through NOAAs National Ocean Service. NOS and Senator
Inouyes office have asked the Office of the Senior Vice President for
Research of the University of Hawaii to develop an integrated program that
includes projects or program elements focusing on:
1.  Monitoring and assessment of coral reefs in the Hawaiian Islands to
improve (coral reef ecosystem) management capabilities; and/or
2.  Scientific studies of the health and stability of coral reef ecosystems
to improve such capabilities.
Pre-proposals are being solicited from university faculty and  private
sector and non-profit organizations for projects to be considered for
funding through this program. Pre-proposals must be submitted by April 19,
1998.  Pre-proposals will be reviewed by an advisory committee to the CRI
Research Program being convened by the UH Office of the Senior Vice
President for Research.   Individuals and organizations submitting
pre-proposals that are favorably reviewed will be asked to submit full
proposals by May 13, 1998.  In some cases, individuals and organizations
that submit favorably-reviewed pre-proposals may be asked to jointly submit
full proposals with other organizations and individuals.  Full proposals
will be peer reviewed prior to submissions of a funding request to the
National Ocean Service on June 1, 1998.
It is anticipated that three to five program elements or projects will be
funded under this program by September 30, 1998.  Priority will be given to
integrated, interdisciplinary monitoring, assessment, and research
activities or activities that make the results of previous work useful and
available to researchers and resource managers.  Priority will also be
given to projects or program elements that can be completed in twelve to
eighteen months and contain a significant amount of cost-sharing.
Additional projects and program activities will be supported under this
program in the future if funds are appropriated by the Congress.  However,
projects or program elements proposed in response to this request must be
completed with funds granted during this funding cycle. Projects and
program elements funded through future appropriations may include follow-on
activities and monitoring activities recommended by the coral reef
ecosystem monitoring workshop being co-sponsored by the Department of Land
and Natural Resources and the East-West Center, June 9-11, 1998.
Suggestions for activities to be considered for funding under this program
are contained in the  record of a meeting held on April 1, 1998 in Senator
Inouyes office.  However, no funding priorities within the general
parameters of the program have been determined and those who wish to
propose projects or program elements not raised at that meeting are
encouraged to do so.
Pre-proposals should  be submitted to Dr. Michael Hamnett, Director, Social
Science Research Institute, Porteus Hall, Room 704, University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, Hawaii  96822.  Pre-proposals can be faxed to (808) 956-2884 or
sent by e-mail to hamnett@hawaii.edu.
Pre-proposals must include a narrative and curriculum vita(e) of the
principal investigator(s).  Pre-proposal narratives of three pages or less
must include the following elements:  (1) a brief description of the
problem to be addressed by the project, (2) purpose or objectives of the
project, (3) approach and methods to be used, (4) anticipated outcomes or
results, (5) how the outcomes or results will contribute to improvements in
coral reef ecosystem management capability, and (6) a budget that includes
cost to be funded from the program and cost-sharing.  Curriculum vitae must
be two pages or less.
Pre-proposals must be received by April 19, 1998.
==================================================
     BRIAN TISSOT
     Associate Professor of Marine Biology
     Director, Kalakaua Marine Education Center
     Chair, Marine Science Department
     University of Hawaii at Hilo
     200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091
     Ph: 808-974-7383; FAX: 808-974-7693
     E-mail: Tissot@Hawaii.edu
     Web: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tissot/
	  http://www.coralreefs.hawaii.edu
==================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  8 11:28:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA04214; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:27:46 -0400 (EDT)
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24056; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:29:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024043; Wed, 8 Apr 98 11:29:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA22117; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 15:21:00 GMT
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1998 15:21:00 GMT
Message-Id: <199804081521.PAA22117@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 166
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1998 07:18:40 +0800 (SGT)
From: Harinder Rai singh <harinder@ppp.itm.my>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: corals and impacts
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Dear Sir/Madam/Dr.,
I am looking for information on the impacts of coastal power plants on
corals, fisheries, benthos and plankton.
I will appreciate any form of help from your organization in the form of
reprints, reports, lit. citation, further contacts.
Thank you.
sincerely
Harinder Rai Singh
ADP-PPP, ITM
Section 17
40200 Shah Alam
Malaysia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  8 11:28:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA04215; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:27:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24059; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:29:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024044; Wed, 8 Apr 98 11:29:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA22086; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 15:18:13 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA22081; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:18:03 -0400
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1998 11:18:03 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: BBC Natural History Unit RADIO (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980408111143.22063A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 167
Dear Coral-Listers,
	I received the following message, which some of you may be able to
answer by responding directly to Sandra (sandra.sykes@bbc.co.uk).  The
message concerns the effects of El Nino on coral reefs.  I have already
given her some input, as regards who to contact in NOAA, but defer to your
decision as to whether or not you want to contact her.
	Please respond directly to Sandra at sandra.sykes@bbc.co.uk, not
to coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Wed, 8 Apr 1998 14:11:57 +0000
From: sandra.sykes@bbc.co.uk
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: BBC Natural History Unit RADIO
Dear Jim Hendee,
I have been given your name by Alastair Harborne of the Coral Cay
Foundation.
I hope you don't mind me contacting you like this but we are currently
 working on a radio special about  the effects of  EL NINO on wildlife
 to go on air in the sumer.
Our presenter, Julian Pettifer has travelled to Peru, Panama ( end of
 1997) and Zimbabwe (February 1998) and has brought back first hand
 reports from these areas.
I am wondering if you have  up to date information about the effects
 of El Nino on coral reef health -  and in particular who in various
 parts of the world would be best to contact.
I have looked at several of your web pages but it is not obvious who
 are the key people to get in touch with.
In addition to effects on coral we are also  keen to get up to date
 information from around the globe about the effects of El Nino on
 wildlife generally. .  We are keen to know about specefic animals,
 either land or marine that have been affected and to speak to someone
 who could give us up to date and accurate information as to what has
 happened to numbers this year and what they're predicting for next.
eg The National Marine Mammal Laboratory are certainly doing work on
 effects of El Nino on fur seals and sea lions
However I wondered if you knew of other key centres of study and do you
 any suggestions of who to contact?
I am sorry to add more to your  busy schedule, but I would very much
 appreciate your thoughts and very much  look forward to hearing from you.
It may be I should be  contacting a press officer for  the infromation
 that is not related to coral reefs. If so who is that person?
With every good wish,
Sandra Sykes
Producer
BBC NaturalHistory Unit Radio
Broadcasting House,
Bristol, England, UK
Tel 00 44 117 974 6678
Fax 00 44 117 923 8174
e-mail : sandra.sykes @ bbc .co.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  8 16:36:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA09204; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 16:36:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA12956; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 16:38:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012941; Wed, 8 Apr 98 16:38:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA22964; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 20:28:05 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA22959; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 16:27:54 -0400
Received: from osha.inav.net (dip288.inav.net [205.160.208.158]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.5/8.6.12) with SMTP id PAA19386 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 8 Apr 1998 15:26:55 -0500
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980408152656.006d7314@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Wed, 08 Apr 1998 15:26:56 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Bolca fishes
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 168
With the usual apologies for cross-listings:
I'm interested in contacting researchers who are currently using, or have
recently used, specimens from the Bolca fish fossils in their work. (Or if
you know of someone working with them, please either let ME know or let
THEM know I'm interested and they can contact me by E-Mail.)
Thanks in advance for the help,
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 South Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Ph: 319-338-4778
Fax: 319-338-8606
osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr  9 16:14:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA06311; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 16:14:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA24787; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 16:16:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024776; Thu, 9 Apr 98 16:15:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA25852; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 20:04:48 GMT
Received: from igc7.igc.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA25846; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 16:04:36 -0400
From: reefnet@cerf.net
Received: from igc9.igc.apc.org (ns1.igc.org [192.82.108.38])
	by igc7.igc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA02002
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 13:02:25 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [198.94.3.118] (wholland@ppp4-3.igc.org)
	by igc9.igc.apc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id MAA24358
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Apr 1998 12:55:45 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 9 Apr 1998 12:55:45 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <v01530501b153a5952e74@[198.94.3.118]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: new issue of Reefnet
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 169
Announcing the 6th issue of Reefnet: http://www.reefnet.org
REEF RESEARCH
Anticancer Activity in Marine Organisms
Dr. Valerie Paul Discovers the Virtues
of Blue Green Algae on Guam's Reefs
NGO NEWS
The Nature Conservancy at Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea
Shannon Seeto Reports on the Mahonia Na Dari
Research and Conservation Center
CONSERVATION STRATEGIES
South of the Philippines, East of Kalimantan and West of the Malukus
Brian Crawford Reports from Manado
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 10 08:30:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA10648; Fri, 10 Apr 1998 08:30:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA13154; Fri, 10 Apr 1998 08:32:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013123; Fri, 10 Apr 98 08:32:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA27405; Fri, 10 Apr 1998 12:16:35 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA27400; Fri, 10 Apr 1998 08:16:25 -0400
Date: Fri, 10 Apr 1998 08:16:25 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Biological Invasions Journal
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980410081420.27392B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 170
This message, forwarded from the marbio listserver, may be of interest to
some of you.  Sorry if you got this already.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Date: Thu, 09 Apr 1998 06:39:20 -0400
From: "James T. Carlton" <James.T.Carlton@williams.edu>
Subject: marbio: Biological Invasions (a new journal): Call For Papers
Apologies for cross-postings, but a great many folks are on only one of
these lists.
Papers are now being accepted for the new journal BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS, to
be published by Kluwer Academic Publishers (Netherlands).
The Editorial Board includes James Carlton (Editor), Ted Case, Mick Clout,
Bruce Coblentz, James Drake, Henri Dumont, Bella Galil, Francesca Gherardi,
Peter Kareiva, Mark Lonsdale,  Richard Mack, Harold Mooney, Peter Moyle,
Petr Pysek, Maria Ribera, David Richardson, Daniel Simberloff, Ronald
Thresher, Jeff Waage and Mark Williamson.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS seeks to publish research papers from many
disciplines, and we hope to achieve a broad representation from work done
in freshwater, marine, and terrestrial systems.   Research papers are
welcome on the patterns and processes of biological invasions (including
both human-mediated introductions and natural range expansions), the
ecological consequences of invasions in terms of both interspecific
interactions as well as alterations to community and ecosystem structure
(such as energy flow modifications, biodiversity, and invasion-mediated
extinction), the factors that influence inoculation, establishment, and
persistence of invasions and the mechanisms that control the abundance and
distribution of invasions.  Papers are further encouraged on biogeography,
invasion genetics, dispersal vectors, the evolutionary consequences of
invasions, and analytical syntheses and overviews of invasive biotas.
Also of interest are papers on the  theoretical bases of biocontrol, and
the release of genetically modified organisms, as these disciplines
illuminate the science of biological invasions.  Scholarly papers on
management and policy issues as they relate to conservation programs and
the global prevention or control of invasions are invited as well.  Please
note that, relative to biocontrol, a new journal (BIOCONTROL) is also being
established by Kluwer, under the editorship of Jeff Waage.
The Editor and the members of the Editorial Board will also consider
proposals for devoting special issues, or a special section of an issue,
to papers resulting from conferences or workshops on invasions.  We also
intend to have a section on "Research Notes", facilitating rapid
publication of short papers on topics such as new techniques, the recording
of remarkable new invasions, and so forth.
The cover of the journal, which will begin as a quarterly, will have with
each issue a new photograph (black-and-white, at the moment, unless funds
are available for color production from the authors or their institutions)
and thus provide an opportunity for workers to submit cover photos for each
issues.  There are no page charges, and the first 75 reprints are free.
For Instructions to Authors, further technical information about the
journal, and a free sample copy (available by December 1998 -- January
1999) please contact:
	Dr. Rene Mijs
	Kluwer Academic Publishers
	Dordrecht, The Netherlands
	email:		rene.mijs@wkap.nl
Please submit manuscripts to:
	Journal Editorial Office: Biological Invasions
	Kluwer Academic Publishers
	P. O. Box 990
	3300 AZ  Dordrecht
	The Netherlands
For information about the scope of the journal and the suitability and
types of papers being sought please contact me (address below).
We are looking forward to a successful and we think very  timely journal!
Thank you, and my apologies again for multiple postings.
	James T. Carlton
	Editor-in-Chief, Biological Invasions
	Williams College -- Mystic Seaport
	P. O. Box 6000, 75 Greenmanville Avenue
	Mystic, Connecticut 06355 U.S.A.
	email:		jcarlton@williams.edu
	telephone:	860 572 5359
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 13 07:19:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07132; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 07:19:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA05982; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 07:21:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005895; Mon, 13 Apr 98 07:20:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA11780; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 10:25:44 GMT
Received: from hil-img-1.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA11775; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 06:25:39 -0400
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by hil-img-1.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id GAA00606
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 06:24:16 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1998 06:23:47 -0400
From: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
Subject: Diaseris fragilis
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199804130624_MC2-39B7-17C1@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA07132
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 171
Dear Coral-listers
In Oman there are plans to build a large fertiliser manufacturing plant on the coast.
 During the baseline survey, a Fungiid coral, identified by a leading coral taxonomist
as Diaseris fragilis, was found.  This appears to be the first record of this species in
the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman or the Arabian Gulf.
The coral was found in depths of between 16 and 20m on a drowned fossil reef.
The substrate was a rock platform with a veneer of coarse sand and rubble.  The
benthos also supported a wide range of sponge species, algae, and hydroids, as
well as a sparse coral community including Turbinaria mesenterina, Pavona explanulata,
Coscinaria monile, Stylocoeniella guntheri amongst others.
The issue:  This appears to be a regionally rare coral species, and special measures
may be necessary to mitigate against the impacts of construction including extensive
dredging.  The issue is how rare is this species on a regional scale and what would
be the appropriate measures to reduce the mortality to this population.  Translocation
may be possible in small areas where the coral is densest.
Questions:
Is anyone aware of other records of Diaseris fragilis in the Arabian region other than in
the Red Sea ?
Is anyone aware of a case of translocating rare corals (or other species) to sites remote
from pending construction activity ?
Can someone pass on the e-mail addresses of D.A. Fisk and Bert W Hoeksema ?
With thanks and regards
Simon Wilson
OMAN
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 13 11:29:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA10578; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 11:28:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA16292; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 11:30:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016286; Mon, 13 Apr 98 11:30:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA13095; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 15:15:27 GMT
Received: from u3.farm.idt.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA13090; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 11:15:23 -0400
Received: from default (ppp-61.ts-13.nyc.idt.net [169.132.100.133])
	by u3.farm.idt.net (8.8.8/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA25745
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 11:13:58 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35322E80.2934@idt.net>
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1998 11:25:52 -0400
From: Sam Jones <samjones@idt.net>
Reply-To: samjones@idt.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-IDT-v5  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: iodine/dide test
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 172
Dear Coral-listers,
Does anyone know of a reliable, accurate Iodine/dide test?  Results from
commercial kits have been unsatisfactory.  Does anyone have information
on the DPD method?
Please resond directly to my e-mail address: samjones@idt.net
Thank you in advance!,
Sam Jones,
Research Assistant, WCS
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 13 15:51:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA16198; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 15:50:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA29966; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 15:52:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029909; Mon, 13 Apr 98 15:52:06 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA14332; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 18:49:03 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA14327; Mon, 13 Apr 1998 14:48:58 -0400
Received: from localhost (carlson@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id IAA27187;
	Mon, 13 Apr 1998 08:47:19 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs
Date: Mon, 13 Apr 1998 08:47:19 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: carlson@iniki
To: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
cc: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Diaseris fragilis
In-Reply-To: <199804130624_MC2-39B7-17C1@compuserve.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980413084456.26697D-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 173
Simon,
I'm sure there are others more knoweldgeable than I about this species,
but I know that in Fiji, Diaseris fragilis is locally very abundant.  This
species ranges here to Hawaii too but I have not encountered it here.
Bruce Carlson
Waikiki Aquarium
********************************
On Mon, 13 Apr 1998, Simon Wilson wrote:
> Dear Coral-listers
>
> In Oman there are plans to build a large fertiliser manufacturing plant on the coast.
>  During the baseline survey, a Fungiid coral, identified by a leading coral taxonomist
> as Diaseris fragilis, was found.  This appears to be the first record of this species in
> the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman or the Arabian Gulf.
>
> The coral was found in depths of between 16 and 20m on a drowned fossil reef.
> The substrate was a rock platform with a veneer of coarse sand and rubble.  The
> benthos also supported a wide range of sponge species, algae, and hydroids, as
> well as a sparse coral community including Turbinaria mesenterina, Pavona explanulata,
> Coscinaria monile, Stylocoeniella guntheri amongst others.
>
> The issue:  This appears to be a regionally rare coral species, and special measures
> may be necessary to mitigate against the impacts of construction including extensive
> dredging.  The issue is how rare is this species on a regional scale and what would
> be the appropriate measures to reduce the mortality to this population.  Translocation
> may be possible in small areas where the coral is densest.
>
> Questions:
> Is anyone aware of other records of Diaseris fragilis in the Arabian region other than in
> the Red Sea ?
> Is anyone aware of a case of translocating rare corals (or other species) to sites remote
> from pending construction activity ?
> Can someone pass on the e-mail addresses of D.A. Fisk and Bert W Hoeksema ?
>
> With thanks and regards
>
> Simon Wilson
>
> OMAN
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 14 11:50:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA25260; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 11:50:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA26544; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 11:52:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026521; Tue, 14 Apr 98 11:51:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA19394; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 15:24:10 GMT
Received: from ha1.rdc1.nj.home.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA19389; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 11:24:02 -0400
Received: from home.com ([24.3.161.190]) by ha1.rdc1.nj.home.com
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with ESMTP id AAA9635
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 14 Apr 1998 08:22:33 -0700
Message-ID: <35337F74.FA1957FA@home.com>
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 1998 11:23:32 -0400
From: Doug McDonough <dougmcd@home.com>
Organization: @Home Network
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-AtHome0402  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Importing of Cyanide caught fish
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 174
I am assisting in the real world implementation of a project aimed at
reducing the profitability of catching fish using cyanide and increasing
the profitability of catching fish via nets.  I am looking for
information on companies that import aquarium fish into the United
States from the Philipines. I am trying to reach these companies and ask
them about possibiliy importing net-caught fish for us, and also general
information about the importation process. Lastly, I apologize for any
cross-posting you might encounter with this message.
Very truly yours,
Douglas McDonough
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 14 13:13:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA26492; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 13:12:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA29897; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 13:14:30 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029890; Tue, 14 Apr 98 13:14:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA20091; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 17:04:40 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA20086; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 13:04:36 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	 id NAA16125; Tue, 14 Apr 1998 13:02:52 -0400
Date: Tue, 14 Apr 1998 13:02:52 -0400
Message-Id: <199804141702.NAA16125@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching SSTs at Maldives/Sri Lanka/Chagos
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, J.McManus@cognet.com
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        Charles.Wooldridge@noaa.gov, jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@bestweb.net
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 175
We are beginning to see exceptionally high temperature surface waters develop
over the Maldives and Sri Lanka [14 Apr 98] in our satellite data.  An area of
high SST that has covered much of the tropical Southern Indian Ocean for the
past few months, is showing signs of progressing northward [with the sun], from
the Seychelles over Chagos Archipelago into the Maldives.  This northward trend
is also continuing up the African coastline from Kenya to Somalia.  For more
information see:
	http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
or:	http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad/sub/noaarsrc.html
Confirmations of any bleaching observations are sought.
Cheers,
Al
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 15 06:24:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA02906; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 06:24:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA22597; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 06:26:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022587; Wed, 15 Apr 98 06:25:27 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA24639; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 10:22:19 GMT
Message-Id: <199804151022.KAA24639@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 	Wed, 15 Apr 1998 12:39:11 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Check Update April 1998
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 176
Hello Coral Listers:
While 300+ surveys was a remarkable achievement in 97, it is a small
sample of the world's reefs. An improved and expanded Reef Check 98
kicked off on 1 April 1998. We have been fairly quiet at Reef Check HQ
while we have been completing our "left-over" tasks from 1997 while
quietly making plans for 1998. Here is the situation:
1) 97 Left-overs: Like any program, we have suffered some ups and downs.
After successful completion of Reef Check 97, we suffered a temporary
loss of funding and staff. This delayed finalization of the global
dataset, analysis and the writing of the global analysis paper. This
manuscript is now complete and has been submitted for publication. The
presubmission reviews of the manuscript have been encouraging and we
thank Clive Wilkinson, Bob Kinzie, Chuck Birkeland and Bill Hamner
for their help.
We are also working on publication of a more detailed analysis than can
be carried out for a journal article as a technical report. We do not want
to jeopardize publication by sending either manuscript out to the public,
however, if you have a keen need to cite the results of Reef Check 97
now, please let Suzie know and she can send you a copy.
We are also encouraging national and regional coordinators to prepare
papers for presentation at upcoming meetings. In particular, there will
be special Reef Check sessions at the coral reef meetings in Perpignan,
France in September 1-4 (Contact: Michel Pichon) and in Townsville in
November 23-27 (Contact: Clive Wilkinson) 1998. As in 1997, a major Reef
Check 98 activity will be the Save Our Seas Clean Oceans event in Maui
in June 9-13 (Contact: Carl Stepath). Please contact the organisers and
us if you would like to make a presentation at these events.
2) 98 Funding: Thanks to Institute for Environment and Sustainable
Development Director, Professor Gary Heinke (ex-Dean of Engineering, U
Toronto), who stuck his neck WAY out for us in 1997 against some very serious
opposition, we have a pledge from the Institute to cover partial costs of Reef
Check HQ operations in 1998. In addition to Suzie, we have two new RAs, Keith
Kei and Terence Fong to assist with data management etc.
On the bad news side, we submitted a proposal to the US NSF's NCEAS in
Santa Barbara for US$30,000 to cover the costs of a workshop to review
Reef Check methods with respect to scientific goals as well as
operational management (including financing). This center was set up
among other things to produce guidance for managers and policy makers.
Our application was rejected because the review comittee felt that our
proposal was "premature." I wonder if the fish currently targeted by
cyanide fishermen in PNG share this feeling and are willing to wait for
five more years of data before we provide guidance to policy-makers?
Reef Check still has bugs. We need to fix them before we collect five
years of data. We have not given up and are still looking for funds to
do this.
On the good news side, we have had a positive response from private US
funders for modest funding of Reef Check 1998. This should allow us to
provide small grants to selected teams in developing countries by
mid-summer here. We may also have funds to produce training materials
and to send a few trainers out for regional training sessions.
3) Documentary: In 1997, we managed to get excellent media coverage just
about everywhere and in many languages, however, we failed to get a
documentary film made, with two production companies dropping the ball
in succession. We now have a HK-based ex-BBC producer/director, Libby
Halliday, on the job and some local investors lined up. The plan is to film a
series of up to six segments, each showing various coral reef problems
and solutions. If this team has more luck than the last two, we will be
looking for sites with special "problems" and "solutions" to film
beginning this summer. Send a note to us if you have a site of interest.
This is one good way to pay back sponsors e.g. resorts who offer
accomodation.
4) Cooperation: Reef Check policy is to promote collaboration and
cooperation in coral reef monitoring and management on a global scale.
One reason that collaboration is helpful is that funding agencies have
often responded negatively to what they see as too many different groups
claiming their method is the ONLY way to survey reefs. We don't claim
that Reef Check is the best, but it does provide sufficient scientific
information to detect human impacts of various types. By joining forces,
we can improve all groups' chances of gaining funding.
Collaboration gives reef conservationists a bigger voice. Since Reef
Check is not an NGO, we can channel funds directly to field teams with
no overhead. And of course, all Reef Check teams are free to publish
their own papers using their data.
In 1997, Reef Check and GCRMN (the government led effort) worked in
parallel to promote each other. In 1998, GCRMN under the leadership
of Dr. Clive Wilkinson, has made a decision to adopt the Reef Check
program as its official community-based monitoring program. While the
exact details of this arrangement are still being worked out, this
closer relationship will allow GCRMN to make use of the global Reef
Check methods and teams, and in turn, if GCRMN obtains funding from
UN or government sources, some funds may be shared with Reef Check
teams. We are also working on the design of a non-scuba Reef Check to
be tested this year and launched in 1999.
As in 1997, we have received pledges of cooperation from many individual
groups already engaged in reef monitoring that they will use Reef Check
methods in 1998. If you are aware of a reef monitoring group (NGO etc)
which is not using Reef Check, we would be grateful if you would suggest
to them that they join with us. No one needs abandon their prized methods;
most groups find that it is easy to adopt Reef Check methods without a lot
of extra work, thus building up a larger database of comparable data.
5) New and Improved Methods: For 1998, we have responded to suggestions
for improving Reef Check methods. To participate in Reef Check 98, please
download a new set of 1998 instructions from our website posted after
April 1, 1998. In brief, we have removed a few organisms that were problematic
due to distributions, identification or other reasons. We have added a few
organisms as regional and worldwide indicators. In particular, the
Caribbean inverts have been improved. We have also extended the sampling
period to 1 April -- 30 September to try to help our friends in the
southern hemisphere. We have expanded the depth contours to (shallow 2-6
m) and mid-depth (>6-12 m) to allow more selection for areas of higher
coral cover to acheive our goal of including the "best" reefs in the
survey. Later this month, we plan to add an option "back-reef/seagrass"
habitat in the Caribbean to capture info on many inverts that are
harvested there.
6) New countries: Many new countries have already pledged to join Reef
Check 98. If your country was not involved last year -- sign up. For only
a couple of days of your time, you can join the biggest (and we hope one
of the more useful) coral reef surveys in the world.
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Reef Check Coordinator
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Applied Technology Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reef Check 1998 Registration Form
 Team Leader
 Name:
 Address:
 Tel/Fax:
 E-mail:
 Dive Club or other organization name :
 Number of other team members excluding scientist:
 Team Scientist
 Name:
 Highest academic degree, year and university:
 (e.g. Ph.D. 1985 UCLA)
 Institutional Affiliation:
 Tel/Fax:
 E-mail:
 Site(s):
 Country, State/Province, Nearest town, Reef name, Planned survey date:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
By submitting this registration form, our team gives HKUST, IESD,
permission to use any data submitted for public relations and in
summary form for a published global summary report.
Note: When submitting a hard copy of this form, please include
a signature.
Please e-mail to: reefchck@ust.hk
and airmail a signed original copy to:
Reef Check Coordinator
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for the Environment and Sustainable Development
Applied Technology Centre, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 15 09:50:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05187; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:49:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA01825; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:51:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001804; Wed, 15 Apr 98 09:50:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA25594; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 13:49:05 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA25589; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:49:00 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA01958; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:47:27 -0400
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:47:27 -0400
Message-Id: <199804151347.JAA01958@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Re: Bleaching SSTs at Maldives/Sri Lanka/Chagos
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 177
From: oneocean@comcen.com.au
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 10:12:03 +1000
Subject: Re: Bleaching SSTs at Maldives/Sri Lanka/Chagos
Just returned from the Maldives - personally sighted the damage - lots of green
algae coverage. Water temperature average 30C and in lagoon area up to 35C.
Like taking a warm bath on each dive.
Michael Aw
	PO Box 2138, Carlingford Court Post Office
	Carlingford, NSW 2118, Australia
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 15 09:51:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05192; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:49:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA01822; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:51:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001805; Wed, 15 Apr 98 09:50:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA25580; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 13:46:24 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA25575; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:46:20 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA01947; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:44:46 -0400
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 09:44:46 -0400
Message-Id: <199804151344.JAA01947@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching -- Reunion & Mauritius
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 178
From: Michel PICHON <pichon@univ-perp.fr>
Subject: Bleaching
Just read your message re high temperature in the Maldive area.
I can report that , during the last 2 weeks of March, I observed
significant bleaching on the reef flats at La Reunion, Mascarene islands.
Genera most affected were Acropora, Galaxea and Pocillopora. According to
information obtained locally, bleaching is also evident on the reef slopes.
I do not have temperature reading, but obviously the SST were high. Also,
very heavy rainfall did occur in La Runion for most of February.
Michel  PICHON
	Laboratoire de Biologie Marine et Malacologie
	E.P.H.E., Universit de Perpignan 66860  PERPIGNAN Cedex. FRANCE
	Ph: 33 4 68 66 20 55   Fax: 33 4 68 50 36 86
	Email :  pichon@univ-perp.fr
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 15 10:40:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05998; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 10:40:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA04213; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 10:42:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004196; Wed, 15 Apr 98 10:41:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA25878; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 14:38:47 GMT
Received: from sme.com.univ-mrs.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA25873; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 10:38:41 -0400
Received: from [139.124.16.46] (smemac16.com.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.com.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP
	(1.37.109.16/16.2) id AA185421016; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 16:36:56 +0200
X-Sender: thomassi@sme.com.univ-mrs.fr
Message-Id: <v01510102b15a73814fee@[139.124.16.46]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.1
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 16:39:29 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN)
Subject: Bleaching in SW Indian Ocean
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 179
Dears,
Contrarily to the nice girls who tan with the sun, after the Kenya and La Runion I. (Michel Pichon's record), the hard corals began to bleach at Mayotte I., Comoro Archipelago, north middle of the Mozambique Channel (13 S), as we expected few days ago.
The bleaching started by the southern area of the island (the side exposed to the tradewinds, but also the part of the lagoon the more enclosed), when the north (more opened to the oceanic waters, with waters a little bit cooler) is not yet affected. One of our guy is on the field to observe the phenomenon and made seawater analysis, help by the scuba diver clubs and the Fisheries and Marine Environmental Office we created there in 1988. The survey will be pursued until June, to have a general idea of the impact and recovering.
For those who want to have general informations of these coral reefs and their conservation, a paper just issued (in French !, sorry) in the scuba divers journal "La plonge - Ocans", n 242, Mars-Avril 1998, n ISSN 0475 171X.
All informations coming from Aldabra group (Southern Seychelles), Comoro Islands and Mozambique coast (Delagoa Cap) will be wellcomed. Thanks for your cooperation.
"Amicalement vtre"
Bernard A. Thomassin
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 15 17:15:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA11285; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 17:14:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA20119; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 17:16:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020113; Wed, 15 Apr 98 17:16:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA27760; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 21:11:30 GMT
Received: from canudos.ufba.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA27754; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 17:10:57 -0400
Received: from localhost (kikuchi@localhost)
	by canudos.ufba.br (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id TAA30320
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 15 Apr 1998 19:10:30 -0200
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 19:10:29 -0200 (GRNLNDDT)
From: Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi <kikuchi@ufba.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: bleaching in Brazil
Message-ID: <Pine.A41.3.96.980415184438.20670A-100000@canudos.ufba.br>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 180
Dear coral-listers,
Following the communications on bleaching around the world, here goes
another one. On April 14th 1998 (yesterday), I witnessed a mass bleaching
on patch reefs at the northern coast of Bahia State (around
12deg30secS/38degW). These reefs are at a depth of 9-12m, and bottom
temperature was 29,5 deg C. This is the highest temperature measured in
the area in the last three years.
More than 90% of Mussismilia hispida (endemic coral) colonies were white to
gold yellow. About 80% of Agaricia agaricites was in the same situation.
Siderastrea stellata (endemic) was a little less bleached than the former
(around 70%). Favia gravida (endemic) seemed to me less affected but I did
not see enough colonies of this species to say something with confidence.
After that, I'd like to know if anybody has any information on hotspots in
this area of the Atlantic.
Cheers,
Ruy Kenji
****************************************
Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi
Curso de Pos-Graduacao em Geologia
Laboratorio de Estudos Costeiros
Instituto de Geociencias
Universidade Federal da Bahia
R Caetano Moura, 123   Federacao
CEP 40.100-010   Salvador  Bahia
BRASIL
e-mail: kikuchi@ufba.br
****************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 16 08:04:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA14872; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 08:04:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA01086; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 08:06:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001067; Thu, 16 Apr 98 08:06:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01345; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 12:02:21 GMT
Message-Id: <199804161202.MAA01345@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 14:29:44 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Pdipal <dipal@ibw.com.ni>
Subject: Cayos Perlas, Nicaragua
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 181
I am working on the Atlantic coast of Nicaragua. About 20 km offshore are
a group of islands with fringing reefs on the south east side (the Cayos
perlas). There is a tremendous amount of sediments on the reefs (viz. is
about 3 meters). It seems likely that the amount of sediment is having an
adverse effect on the reefs (coral cover is approx 5% and corals
frequently appear to be smothered by algae/sediment). Some people believe
that this amount of sediment is a recent phenomenon (perhaps due to land
use practices in the watershed). Can anyone advise me on how I could (1)
trace the source of the sediment, and (2) determine whether this amount of
sediment really has only started in the recent past. We are have a fair
amount of time, but not a vast amount of money, so very hugh-tech methods
are probably not going to be suitable.
For background...
The islands lie on the big continental plateau stretching from the border
with Costa Rica to Honduras with an average depth of 30 meteres. North of
the islands there is a big rivermouth carrying tons of sediments. The
prevailing currents tend to keep the main sediment plume close to shore,
but during the rainy season the sediment travels further offshore. During
calm days you can clearly see the border between the murky coastal water
and the blue seawater. However, visibility around the islands is very low,
3 to 5 meters and during the rainy season even worse. Judging from the
'graveyards' of Acropora palmata and the number of large boulders that
appear once to have been coral but are now overgrown by algae, it seems
that there had once been more healthy reefs. We don't know if white-band
disease has been a factor, but certainly the last major hurricane (1989)
has done a lot of damage to the reefs.
I would like to find out the origin of the sediments and whether or not it
got/is getting worse due to land activities upstreams. Is the plateau a
sort of 'sink', acumulating sediments and do they get stirred up and
transported to the islands and back again?
TO find a solution I was thinking of the possibility of (1) taking
coralcores to compare annual growth rings (what drills would one need?),
and (2) possibly coring sediment from the coastal shelf between the river
and the offshore islands to see if the type of sediment has changed over
the years.
Once again, equipment is hard to get but time is plenty (2 years). Do you
have any suggestions??
Thanks very much,
Mariska Weijerman
DIPAL (collaborative project between Holland and Nicaragua to help the
artisanal fisherman in the region)
RAAS, Nicaragua
tel/fax: +822 1777
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 16 14:55:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA19304; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 14:55:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA20534; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 14:57:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020519; Thu, 16 Apr 98 14:56:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA03222; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 18:40:02 GMT
Message-Id: <199804161840.SAA03222@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1998 00:59:05 +0800
From: Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: "Diaseris fragilis" in the Gulf Area and at Hawaii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 182
Hello Bruce and other coral-listers,
If the specimen of "Diaseris fragilis" recorded by Simon Wilson would
belong to Fungia (Cycloseris) fragilis, then this would indeed be a first
record for the Gulf area. There is probably no earlier record of any
auto-fragmenting mushroom coral species from that area. The only Fungia
(Cycloseris) species that I know of from that area, is F. (C.) curvata,
which is rarely found in fragmenting stage (only known from Galapagos).
According to me, the only two fungiid species showing fragmentation at
Hawaii are Fungia (Cycloseris) vaughani and F. (C.) distorta. Corals
dredged at Hawaii have remained very small, either in complete or
fragmented shape.  These diminutive specimens are in coral collections at
the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution),
Washington DC and probably also at the B.P. Bishop Museum at Hawaii. The
type locality of F. (C.)  vaughani is Hilo, Hawaii. The lectotype is a
relatively large specimen (5 cm in length). Specimens of Fungia (C.)
cyclolites have also been collected from Hawaii, but so far not in the
fragmenting "Diaseris"  shape.
Bert W. Hoeksema
Buginesia Program WOTRO-UNHAS
PO Box 1624
Ujung Pandang 90016
Indonesia
Bugwotro@Upandang.wasantara.net.id
starting July 1998 I can be reached at:
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
PO Box 9517
Leiden, The Netherlands
Hoeksema@Naturalis.nnm.nl
Bruce Carlson wrote:
>
> Simon,
>
> I'm sure there are others more knoweldgeable than I about this species,
> but I know that in Fiji, Diaseris fragilis is locally very abundant.  This
> species ranges here to Hawaii too but I have not encountered it here.
>
> Bruce Carlson
> Waikiki Aquarium
> ********************************
>
Bruce Carlson wrote:
>
> Simon,
>
> I'm sure there are others more knoweldgeable than I about this species,
> but I know that in Fiji, Diaseris fragilis is locally very abundant.  This
> species ranges here to Hawaii too but I have not encountered it here.
>
> Bruce Carlson
> Waikiki Aquarium
> ********************************
>
> On Mon, 13 Apr 1998, Simon Wilson wrote:
>
> > Dear Coral-listers
> >
> > In Oman there are plans to build a large fertiliser manufacturing plant on the coast.
> >  During the baseline survey, a Fungiid coral, identified by a leading coral taxonomist
> > as Diaseris fragilis, was found.  This appears to be the first record of this species in
> > the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Oman or the Arabian Gulf.
> >
> > The coral was found in depths of between 16 and 20m on a drowned fossil reef.
> > The substrate was a rock platform with a veneer of coarse sand and rubble.  The
> > benthos also supported a wide range of sponge species, algae, and hydroids, as
> > well as a sparse coral community including Turbinaria mesenterina, Pavona explanulata,
> > Coscinaria monile, Stylocoeniella guntheri amongst others.
> >
> > The issue:  This appears to be a regionally rare coral species, and special measures
> > may be necessary to mitigate against the impacts of construction including extensive
> > dredging.  The issue is how rare is this species on a regional scale and what would
> > be the appropriate measures to reduce the mortality to this population.  Translocation
> > may be possible in small areas where the coral is densest.
> >
> > Questions:
> > Is anyone aware of other records of Diaseris fragilis in the Arabian region other than in
> > the Red Sea ?
> > Is anyone aware of a case of translocating rare corals (or other species) to sites remote
> > from pending construction activity ?
> > Can someone pass on the e-mail addresses of D.A. Fisk and Bert W Hoeksema ?
> >
> > With thanks and regards
> >
> > Simon Wilson
> >
> > OMAN
> >
> >
> >
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 16 23:35:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA24386; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 23:35:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA07381; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 23:37:45 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007375; Thu, 16 Apr 98 23:37:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA05947; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 03:34:24 GMT
Received: from taga.saipan.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA05942; Thu, 16 Apr 1998 23:34:20 -0400
Received: from [202.167.0.190] by taga.saipan.com (NTMail 3.03.0014/7.aaz5) with ESMTP id ma679886 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 13:27:38 +1000
X-Sender: spn0914@mail.saipan.com
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Version 1.4.4
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: susan.burr@saipan.com (Susan Burr)
Subject: dredging & coral spawning
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1998 13:27:38 +1000
X-Info: Saipan Datacom, The First and the Best...
Message-Id: <03273862516290@saipan.com>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 183
The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Island's (CNMI- Saipan) Coastal
Resources Management office has a permit condition that requires all
dredging operations to cease during and five days after the yearly hard
coral spawning event.  They have recently been asked by a permittee to
provide scientific justification for this permit condition.  The dredging
operation in question is an archaeological excavation that will be using a
suction dredger to remove sand and a clamshell dredger to remove boulders.
The immediate site has approximately ten percent coral cover and the
adjacent reef has 10-60 percent coral cover.  The site has a relatively
strong longshore current and wave action is high.
Does anyone know of any citations to justify or refute this permit
condition?  Is the CNMI's condition more or less stringent than other
jurisdictions?  Should dredging operations be required to cease during the
soft coral spawning as well?
Thanks for everyone's help.  You can reply directly to me at
susan.burr@saipan.com.
                    \\ \\\ |///  //
                     \\ \\\|/// //
                      \\  ~ ~  //
                       (  @ @  )
---------------------oOOo-(_)-oOOo----------------
|       Susan Burr                                                 |
|       CNMI Division of Environmental Quality |
|        PPP 171  Box 10000                               |
|        Saipan, MP  96950-9504   USA            |
|                                                                            |
|        Phone:  670.234.1011                            |
|        Fax:  670.234.1003                                  |
|        E-mail:  susan.burr@saipan.com       |
|                                                                           |
|                                                         Oooo        |
 --------------------------oooO-----------(  )-------
                                         (  )             ( /
                                        (  )           (_/
                                       \_)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 17 00:48:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA24680; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 00:47:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA08328; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 00:49:57 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008322; Fri, 17 Apr 98 00:49:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA06308; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 04:46:34 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA06303; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 00:46:28 -0400
Received: from uststf4.ust.hk ([143.89.14.18]:2526 "HELO uststf4.ust.hk" ident: "reefchck") by uxmail.ust.hk with SMTP id <626481-15552>; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 12:44:16 +0800
Received: from localhost by uststf4.ust.hk
        (4.1//ident-1.0) id AA25776; Fri, 17 Apr 98 12:44:16 HKT
Date: 	Fri, 17 Apr 1998 12:44:16 +0800 (HKT)
From: HODGSON GREGOR <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reef Check Update April 1998
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980415063834.10022A-100000@nuwave>
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95L.980417124233.25444A-100000@uststf4.ust.hk>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 184
Dear all,
The Reef Check web site is located at:
http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
Suzie Geermans
Assistant Reef Check Coordinator
E-mail: reefchck@ust.hk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 17 03:33:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA25043; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 03:32:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA09717; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 03:34:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009713; Fri, 17 Apr 98 03:33:52 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA07056; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 07:30:22 GMT
Received: from pojmail01.poj.usace.army.mil by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA07050; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 03:30:13 -0400
Received: by pojmail01.poj.usace.army.mil with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <JBXGBFXN>; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 16:28:15 +0900
Message-ID: <34395B1239B6D111A49900A0246D38AA06FAB7@pojmail02.poj.usace.army.mil>
From: "Noah, Michael POJ" <Michael.Noah@poj.usace.army.mil>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: dredging & coral spawning
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1998 16:28:10 +0900
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 185
Susan,
I'd check with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Waterways Experiment
Station (WES) in Vicksburg, Mississippi (USA).  I don't have those
particular references with me here in Japan, but whatever I'd have would
have probably come out of WES anyway.
The Manager of the Environmental Effects of Dredging Program is:
Dr. Robert M. Engler
		U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station
		ATTN: CEWES-EP-D
		3909 Halls Ferry Road
		Vicksburg, MS  39180-6199
His e-mail address is: englerr@ex1.wes.army.mil
<mailto:englerr@ex1.wes.army.mil> , or you can call him in the U.S. at
(601) 634-3624.
Mata ne,
Michael
 <<...>>
US Army Corps
of Engineers
Japan District
Michael D. Noah, Ecologist	DSN 263-5065	COMM
011-81-311-763-5065
Box 81  (CEPOJ-PP-E)		DSN 263-8869	COMM
011-81-311-763-8869 FAX
APO AP   96338-5010
Michael.Noah@poj.usace.army.mil <mailto:Michael.Noah@poj.usace.army.mil>
		-----Original Message-----
		From:	susan.burr@saipan.com
[mailto:susan.burr@saipan.com]
		Sent:	Friday, April 17, 1998 12:28 PM
		To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
		Subject:	dredging & coral spawning
		The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Island's (CNMI-
Saipan) Coastal
		Resources Management office has a permit condition that
requires all
		dredging operations to cease during and five days after
the yearly hard
		coral spawning event.  They have recently been asked by
a permittee to
		provide scientific justification for this permit
condition.  The dredging
		operation in question is an archaeological excavation
that will be using a
		suction dredger to remove sand and a clamshell dredger
to remove boulders.
		The immediate site has approximately ten percent coral
cover and the
		adjacent reef has 10-60 percent coral cover.  The site
has a relatively
		strong longshore current and wave action is high.
		Does anyone know of any citations to justify or refute
this permit
		condition?  Is the CNMI's condition more or less
stringent than other
		jurisdictions?  Should dredging operations be required
to cease during the
		soft coral spawning as well?
		Thanks for everyone's help.  You can reply directly to
me at
		susan.burr@saipan.com.
		                    \\ \\\ |///  //
		                     \\ \\\|/// //
		                      \\  ~ ~  //
		                       (  @ @  )
		---------------------oOOo-(_)-oOOo----------------
		|       Susan Burr
|
		|       CNMI Division of Environmental Quality |
		|        PPP 171  Box 10000
|
		|        Saipan, MP  96950-9504   USA            |
		|
|
		|        Phone:  670.234.1011
|
		|        Fax:  670.234.1003
|
		|        E-mail:  susan.burr@saipan.com       |
		|
|
		|
Oooo        |
		 --------------------------oooO-----------(  )-------
		                                         (  )
( /
		                                        (  )
(_/
		                                       \_)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 17 09:23:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA26526; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 09:23:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA17749; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 09:25:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017737; Fri, 17 Apr 98 09:24:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA08255; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 13:17:27 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA08250; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 09:17:23 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA04391;
	Fri, 17 Apr 1998 09:14:39 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1319317860.57705@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 17 Apr 1998 09:15:17 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING IN PANAMA
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        "Peter Glynn" <pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu>,
        "Juan Mate-STRI" <stri01.naos.matej@ic.si.edu>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA26526
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 186
                           Subject:                         Time:   9:11 AM
                           EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING* Date:   4/17/98
NOAA 98-022
CONTACT:  Patricia Viets, NOAA         FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
                                       April 14, 1998
                      EL NINO CAUSING CORAL BLEACHING IN PANAMA
El Nino's warm waters in the Pacific Ocean have caused coral bleaching in the waters off the Pacific coast of
Panama, according to a team of scientists from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the
Marine Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami. Panama is the tenth site
reported to experience coral bleaching related to El Nino.
Warmer than normal sea surface temperatures are continuing along the Panama coast. El Nino forecasts from
NOAA's National Center for Environmental Prediction call for the warmer tan normal temperatures to continue
into the summer.
Scientists on a recent research cruise to islands in Panama's Gulf of Chiriqui region observed bleaching in almost all
species of corals present. In observations at six sites, 50% to almost 90% of corals had experienced at least partial
bleaching. This indicates that a second wave of bleaching has followed earlier bleaching seen to begin in September
of 1997. Fortunately for the corals, bleaching in Panama has been much less intense than was seen in 1983.
Sea surface temperatures in the area are currently 29 to 31 degrees Celsius, nearly a degree and a half warmer than
what is normally observed at that site. Data from temperature monitors on the reefs indicate that elevated
temperatures have existed periodically since mid-summer 1997. These agree with observations from NOAA satellite
and blended sea surface temperature data and predictions of bleaching released in June 1997. The recent observations
and temperature monitoring have been supported by awards from the National Science Foundation and conducted in
cooperation with the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.
Corals from the Pacific coast of Panama thrive as long as temperatures remain at or below 29 degrees Celsius -- the
normal maximum sea surface temperature at this site. An increase of one or two degrees above the usual maximum
temperatures can be deadly to these animals. The temperature range for corals to thrive varies from site to site by
only a few degrees. Corals from the nearby Gulf of Panama showed much less evidence of bleaching.
Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a variety of sea life and provide resources of significant
economic importance such as fishing and recreation. Coral bleaching, induced by high water temperatures, has
raised concerns about these fragile ecosystems. Coral bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae, algae that
reside within the coral, and are essential to the coral's survival. Corals normally recover, unless high ocean
temperatures persist for too long a period or become too warm.
During the 1997-98 El Nino, NOAA has also received reports of coral bleaching at sites in the Great Barrier Reef,
French Polynesia, Kenya, Galapagos Islands, Florida Keys, Baja California, the Yucatan coast, Cayman Islands, and
the Netherland Antilles.
Video animations of coral reef Hot Spots and sea surface temperatures are available on the World Wide Web at:
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
Images of sea surface temperatures and anomalies for this region can be found at:
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/oisst/
Predictions of bleaching in response to this El Nino were raised as early as last summer. See 1997 EL NINO A
POTENTIAL THREAT TO CORAL REEFS at
http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/iyorwk26.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 17 16:35:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA01913; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 16:35:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA04999; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 16:37:16 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004990; Fri, 17 Apr 98 16:37:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA10782; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 20:26:34 GMT
Received: from honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA10777; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 16:26:24 -0400
Received: (from jnaughto@localhost) by honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI) id KAA15321; Fri, 17 Apr 1998 10:24:41 -1000
Date: Fri, 17 Apr 1998 10:24:41 -1000 (HST)
From: John Naughton <jnaughto@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu>
To: Susan Burr <susan.burr@saipan.com>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: dredging & coral spawning
In-Reply-To: <03273862516290@saipan.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.91.980417101429.15213A-100000@honlab.nmfs.hawaii.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 187
Susan:
As you know I've been in the middle of this whole dredge/coral spawn
issue, in particular for the IOTA salvage project in Rota, CNMI.  The
condition was based on information from Bob Richmond at U of Guam, Marine
Lab.  He feels strongly that this is an important condition. As I recall,
his justification is that high turbidity/suspended sediment in the water
column will have an adverse impact on the ability of hard corals to spawn
successfully.
I also would be very interested if anyone out there has a position on
this subject.
John Naughton
NMFS, Honolulu
Phone:  808/973-2940
FAX:    808/973-2941
On Fri, 17 Apr 1998, Susan Burr wrote:
> The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Island's (CNMI- Saipan) Coastal
> Resources Management office has a permit condition that requires all
> dredging operations to cease during and five days after the yearly hard
> coral spawning event.  They have recently been asked by a permittee to
> provide scientific justification for this permit condition.  The dredging
> operation in question is an archaeological excavation that will be using a
> suction dredger to remove sand and a clamshell dredger to remove boulders.
> The immediate site has approximately ten percent coral cover and the
> adjacent reef has 10-60 percent coral cover.  The site has a relatively
> strong longshore current and wave action is high.
>
> Does anyone know of any citations to justify or refute this permit
> condition?  Is the CNMI's condition more or less stringent than other
> jurisdictions?  Should dredging operations be required to cease during the
> soft coral spawning as well?
>
> Thanks for everyone's help.  You can reply directly to me at
> susan.burr@saipan.com.
>                     \\ \\\ |///  //
>                      \\ \\\|/// //
>                       \\  ~ ~  //
>                        (  @ @  )
> ---------------------oOOo-(_)-oOOo----------------
> |       Susan Burr                                                 |
> |       CNMI Division of Environmental Quality |
> |        PPP 171  Box 10000                               |
> |        Saipan, MP  96950-9504   USA            |
> |                                                                            |
> |        Phone:  670.234.1011                            |
> |        Fax:  670.234.1003                                  |
> |        E-mail:  susan.burr@saipan.com       |
> |                                                                           |
> |                                                         Oooo        |
>  --------------------------oooO-----------(  )-------
>                                          (  )             ( /
>                                         (  )           (_/
>                                        \_)
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 20 08:40:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA10273; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 08:39:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA08122; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 08:41:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008110; Mon, 20 Apr 98 08:41:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA13850; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 12:19:05 GMT
Received: from master.interplanet.com.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA13845; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 08:19:00 -0400
Received: from fatima (digital223.allways.com.br [200.223.41.223])
	by master.interplanet.com.br (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id JAA12785
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 09:23:30 -0300
Message-ID: <353B9F17.3A99@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 09:16:39 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Fwd: Brazilian Corals Monitoring]
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------5E7855EE34E7"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 188
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear all
This is my first message. I would be grateful if anyone could provide
some info on the attached topic.
Sincerely
Pablo Cotsifis
Bma LTDA -  BRAZIL
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline
Message-ID: <3535008D.7554@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 08:46:37 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: hendee@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Brazilian Corals Monitoring
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear Dr. Hendee
I am a Brazilian marine biologist who is currently involved in a coral
reef monitoring exercise in Brazil. We have been monitoring the effect
of a dredging operation on a reef. We have data on TSS, Turbidity,
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other physico-chemical
parameters, and we are also monitoring individual coral heads on a
monthly basis to spot bleaching.
Using the data obtained before the dredging started, we attempted to
establish "safe" turbidity and TSS levels, that should not be surpassed.
We also designed a protection plan destined to avoid major damage to the
reef. The measures involved:
a) establishing "dredging exclusion zones" around the reef;
b) establishing maximum acceptable levels for both TSS and turbidity;
c) establishing tolerance levels for "natural" (ie, El Nino derived) and
"anthropogenic" bleaching (a difficult task).
My question refers to whehter there are any data concering the
environmental levels of both TSS and turbidity thay may be correlated to
bleaching episodes (or on the other hand, "safe" levels). If you are
aware of any source that I may have access, could you please let me
know.
In addition, if you have any interest on my data I would be pleased to
share them with you.
Sincerely
Pablo Alejandro Cotsifis
Salvador - Bahia / Brazil.
--------------5E7855EE34E7--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 20 18:33:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA20694; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 18:33:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA04978; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 18:35:02 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004973; Mon, 20 Apr 98 18:34:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA00902; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 22:31:10 GMT
Received: from mailserver.idola.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA00889; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 18:29:49 -0400
Received: from kmail.idola.net.id (root@gelatik.idola.net.id [202.152.0.224])
	by mailserver.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id DAA01503
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 03:05:10 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by kmail.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) id KAA01033;
	Tue, 21 Apr 1998 10:06:06 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov (coral.aoml.noaa.gov [192.111.123.248])
	by mailserver.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id EAA02106
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 04:47:30 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA13850; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 12:19:05 GMT
Received: from master.interplanet.com.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA13845; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 08:19:00 -0400
Received: from fatima (digital223.allways.com.br [200.223.41.223])
	by master.interplanet.com.br (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id JAA12785
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 09:23:30 -0300
Message-ID: <353B9F17.3A99@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 09:16:39 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Fwd: Brazilian Corals Monitoring]
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------5E7855EE34E7"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 189
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear all
This is my first message. I would be grateful if anyone could provide
some info on the attached topic.
Sincerely
Pablo Cotsifis
Bma LTDA -  BRAZIL
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline
Message-ID: <3535008D.7554@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 08:46:37 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: hendee@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Brazilian Corals Monitoring
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear Dr. Hendee
I am a Brazilian marine biologist who is currently involved in a coral
reef monitoring exercise in Brazil. We have been monitoring the effect
of a dredging operation on a reef. We have data on TSS, Turbidity,
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other physico-chemical
parameters, and we are also monitoring individual coral heads on a
monthly basis to spot bleaching.
Using the data obtained before the dredging started, we attempted to
establish "safe" turbidity and TSS levels, that should not be surpassed.
We also designed a protection plan destined to avoid major damage to the
reef. The measures involved:
a) establishing "dredging exclusion zones" around the reef;
b) establishing maximum acceptable levels for both TSS and turbidity;
c) establishing tolerance levels for "natural" (ie, El Nino derived) and
"anthropogenic" bleaching (a difficult task).
My question refers to whehter there are any data concering the
environmental levels of both TSS and turbidity thay may be correlated to
bleaching episodes (or on the other hand, "safe" levels). If you are
aware of any source that I may have access, could you please let me
know.
In addition, if you have any interest on my data I would be pleased to
share them with you.
Sincerely
Pablo Alejandro Cotsifis
Salvador - Bahia / Brazil.
--------------5E7855EE34E7--
>From edingeen@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA Tue Apr 21 05:19:24 1998
Received: from mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (edingeen@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA [130.113.20.6])
	by mailserver.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id FAA03872
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 05:19:07 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from localhost (edingeen@localhost)
	by mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA09003
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 11:16:19 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 11:16:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: "E.N. Edinger" <edingeen@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
To: gilly llewellyn <mcmast@idola.net.id>
Subject: [Fwd: Brazilian Corals Monitoring] (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420111545.5103B-110000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: MULTIPART/MIXED; BOUNDARY=------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420111545.5103C@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text,
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=us-ascii
Content-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420111545.5103D@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
possibly useful for monitoring the Menyawakan dreding operations?
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 09:16:39 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Fwd: Brazilian Corals Monitoring]
Dear all
This is my first message. I would be grateful if anyone could provide
some info on the attached topic.
Sincerely
Pablo Cotsifis
Bma LTDA -  BRAZIL
--------------5E7855EE34E7
Content-Type: MESSAGE/RFC822
Content-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420111545.5103E@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Content-Description:
Message-ID: <3535008D.7554@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Wed, 15 Apr 1998 08:46:37 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: hendee@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Brazilian Corals Monitoring
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Dear Dr. Hendee
I am a Brazilian marine biologist who is currently involved in a coral
reef monitoring exercise in Brazil. We have been monitoring the effect
of a dredging operation on a reef. We have data on TSS, Turbidity,
temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen and other physico-chemical
parameters, and we are also monitoring individual coral heads on a
monthly basis to spot bleaching.
Using the data obtained before the dredging started, we attempted to
establish "safe" turbidity and TSS levels, that should not be surpassed.
We also designed a protection plan destined to avoid major damage to the
reef. The measures involved:
a) establishing "dredging exclusion zones" around the reef;
b) establishing maximum acceptable levels for both TSS and turbidity;
c) establishing tolerance levels for "natural" (ie, El Nino derived) and
"anthropogenic" bleaching (a difficult task).
My question refers to whehter there are any data concering the
environmental levels of both TSS and turbidity thay may be correlated to
bleaching episodes (or on the other hand, "safe" levels). If you are
aware of any source that I may have access, could you please let me
know.
In addition, if you have any interest on my data I would be pleased to
share them with you.
Sincerely
Pablo Alejandro Cotsifis
Salvador - Bahia / Brazil.
--------------5E7855EE34E7--
>From browndr@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA Tue Apr 21 06:54:39 1998
Received: from mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (root@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA [130.113.20.6])
	by mailserver.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id GAA11061
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 06:54:32 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from localhost (browndr@localhost)
	by mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA24140
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 11:54:17 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 11:54:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: "D.R. Browne" <browndr@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
To: Indonesia Project <mcmast@idola.net.id>
Subject: foram fotos
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420113426.16677A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi Gilly,
Mike just phoned and asked Lynn to scan and email a bunch of foram fotos
to you.  The scans will not be very high quality.  Do you still want them
or should we courier the original images.  If this is for publication the
scans will not be very clear and probably not publishable.
Got the fax.  Thanks.  Looks like there is nothing around there but the
power plant.  Everything else makes clothes or wood.
What is the name of the Office where the list of industries came from?  I
want to reference it.
Re you're reply,
Evan and I now remember the Sept 96 document.  I guess we both feel that
the issue here is that the students are able to complete their research
properly.  The Ph.D.'s are the core of the project so Evan and I felt that
rather than divert money from the Ph.D. budget to the student project
budget why not help the students finish their research.  Both Tonny and
Amin have a lot of very expensive analyses to do.  If there is extra money
from the exchange rate on the Ph.D. student section of the budget why not
pay out the basic amount tied to inflation as agreed and then offer all
four students the chance to submit a propsal for the remaining money.
This could require a budget and the return of receipts to the PSL if they
want them.  From talking to Tonny it sounds like imported chemicals have
increased by 200 to 400% so this extra research money could be like an
emergency thing to help those students who rely on imported goods for
their research.
Bugis guy:  I have never met this guy but he sounds great.  I guess
it's up to you to figure out how not to step on toes.  I agree the
community guy is probably way more genuine than the PHPA gang.  Again
though, watch out for Amir.  He's a slick businessman but if you can keep
him under control he is an excellent diver and worker.  Just watch your
back.
I've almost got the rest of the papers you requested so there should be
another package on its way by the end of the week.
Cheers,
Dave.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
David R. Browne				tel. 905-525-9140 x24513
School of Geography and Geology		fax  905-522-3141
McMaster University 			email: browndr@mcmaster.ca
Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
>From falkiner@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA Tue Apr 21 06:57:29 1998
Received: from mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (falkiner@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA [130.113.20.6])
	by mailserver.idola.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id GAA11183
	for <mcmast@idola.net.id>; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 06:57:27 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from localhost (falkiner@localhost)
	by mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA14327;
	Mon, 20 Apr 1998 12:54:43 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 12:54:42 -0400 (EDT)
From: M Lynn Falkiner <falkiner@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
To: McMaster-UNDIP project <mcmast@idola.net.id>
cc: petersma@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA, riskmj@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA
Subject: Re: Tax question
In-Reply-To: <3.0.3.32.19980419182122.006a3510@mail.idola.net.id>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980420124459.8506A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Hi Gilly, apparently your US earnings actually have to be put under line
104 (other employment income) if you received a W2 slip from the US. The
amount has to be converted to Canadian dollars and the conversion rate as
of December 31 1997 was 1.3844.  If you did not receive a W2 slip then it
depends on what type of slip you received from the US as to where it goes
on the form.  I am faxing pages detailing line 104 and line 130 to you.
If you do not have a W2 slip let me know what you do have and I'll
try to find out what line you complete.   Let me know if you need anything
else. You also have to file a US tax form.      Lynn
Lynn Falkiner
School of Geography & Geology
ABB 121   Ext 24197
On Sun, 19 Apr 1998, McMaster-UNDIP project wrote:
>
> Hi,
>
> I'm doing my Canadian Taxes except I don't have a copy of the Tax Guide.
>
> As I became a Canadian Resident when I entered the country in September, I
> am unclear if I have to declare my earnings in the US during the 1997
> (before becoming a Canadian Resident). This is releveant to box 130 Other
> Income in the form T1 General.
>
> Can someone read the section "line 130" in the Tax Guide, or consult a tax
> person on my behalf to find out what proceedure I should follow. Preferably
> this should be done this week so that I can get my return in on time.
>
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 20 19:08:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA20838; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 19:08:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA05823; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 19:10:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005818; Mon, 20 Apr 98 19:09:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA01040; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 23:07:56 GMT
Received: from germany.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA01035; Mon, 20 Apr 1998 19:07:53 -0400
Received: from 38.30.52.160 (ip160.miami6.fl.pub-ip.psi.net [38.30.52.160])
	by germany.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id NAA25043;
	Mon, 20 Apr 1998 13:28:20 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <353B68C6.3A6@earthlink.net>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 15:24:52 +0000
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Macintosh; I; 68K)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: aoc-fishlink@igc.org, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us
Subject: Tortugas 2000
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 190
Dear friend of coral reefs and reef fisheries:
A Tortugas 2000 two-year process to design and establish a no-take
reserve west of the Dry Tortugas has just been initiated under the
auspices of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.
If you're concerned about coral reef biocommunities or sustainable reef
fisheries, ReefKeeper International would like to send you periodic
e-mail updates on how Tortugas 2000 is progressing.  These updates will
also inform you of opportunities that may arise for your input,
contribution or support.
To be placed on our Tortugas 2000 e-mail update list, just send the
message "subscribe Tortugas 2000-list" to reefkeeper@reefkeeper.org.
Thanks  so much,
Alexander Stone
ReefKeeper International
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 21 11:07:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA26731; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 11:07:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA23436; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 11:09:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023415; Tue, 21 Apr 98 11:08:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA00790; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 14:16:50 GMT
Message-Id: <199804211416.OAA00790@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 20 Apr 1998 10:23:12 -0700
From: "Gardiner, William W" <william.gardiner@exchange.pnl.gov>
Subject: Tropical Marine Ecotoxicology at 1998 SETAC Meeting
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 191
Fellow Coral-ers,
At this years Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry annual meeting,
there is a proposed session on Tropical Marine Ecotoxicology.  The abstract for
this session is presented below.  We are hoping bring some focus within SETAC
regarding anthropogenic effects on tropical mairne ecosystems.  If you would
like to present a paper at the 1998 Meeting in North Carolina this fall
(November 15-19), I would encourage you to submit an abstract.  Abstract forms
can be found at http://www.setac.org/call4pap.html.
Please note that the abstracts are due to SETAC on May 1, 1998.
I hope to see you at the meeting.
Bill Gardiner
This proposed session would highlight research conducted in Tropical Marine
Ecotoxicology.  Coral reefs, mangrove swamps, and seagrass beds are among the
most diverse and productive ecosystems worldwide, hosting a myriad of vertebrate
and invertebrate species.  Recent research indicates that coastal development
and resource extraction are now threatening these ecosystems, with new
discoveries of seagrass die-off, coral diseases, and mangrove abnormalities.
Physical and chemical factors are being attributed to the degradation and loss
of tropical marine habitat; however, there is still a scientific "black-hole"
regarding toxicology in the tropics.  It is urgent that SETAC address this
information gap.  Tropical Marine Ecotoxicology is an area of rapidly growing
research and an area of growing SETAC participation; however, previous
presentations have been fragmented into incongruous sessions.  The goals of this
session would be: 1) provide a focal point for those working in tropical marine
ecosystems, 2) review the current state of tropical marine ecosystems, 3)
present recent ecotoxicological developments, and 4) determine areas of future
research. This session would be of interest to members working in
tropical-subtropical marine science, would mesh with the "contaminant-disease
interaction" session, and would encompass the disciplines of toxicology,
chemistry, ecology, histopathology, fisheries, risk assessment and climate
change.
William W. Gardiner
Research Scientist
Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory
1529 West Sequim Bay Road
Sequim, WA  98382
ww_gardiner@pnl.gov
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 21 11:09:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA26775; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 11:09:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA23548; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 11:11:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023500; Tue, 21 Apr 98 11:10:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA00388; Tue, 21 Apr 1998 14:14:05 GMT
Message-Id: <199804211414.OAA00388@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 	Tue, 21 Apr 1998 11:08:34 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@uxmail.ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Dredging Conditions and Corals
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 192
The effects of dredging on corals depends on many factors e.g. type of
dredge, duration of dredging, depth of dredging, size distribution of
dredged material, typical water currents, typical background sediment
load, wave action, species and growth forms of corals etc so it is best
to set limits on dredging activities that match the specific conditions
at the site.
When faced with this situation in HK we have found that an exclusion
zone of 500 m, when carefully enforced, has prevented visually
observable damage to corals even with high volume discharges of very
fine materials. This can be carried out very safely if the dredging
contract limits dredging to periods when currents are moving away from
sensitive areas (if the configuration permits). The HK government has
often used a limit of 100 mg/l to control sediment load in plumes
impinging on sensitive areas and this seems to have worked well.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG
e-mail: rcgregor@ust.hk
tel: (852) 2358-8568      fax: (852) 2358-1582
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 22 16:15:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA13322; Wed, 22 Apr 1998 16:15:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA16987; Wed, 22 Apr 1998 16:17:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016983; Wed, 22 Apr 98 16:17:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA08675; Wed, 22 Apr 1998 19:16:51 GMT
Received: from proxy4.ba.best.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA08670; Wed, 22 Apr 1998 15:16:47 -0400
Received: from carterg.vip.best.com (dynamic24.pm04.san-mateo.best.com [205.149.174.216] (may be forged)) by proxy4.ba.best.com (8.8.8/8.8.BEST) with ESMTP id MAA13382 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 22 Apr 1998 12:13:02 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <353E4284.408DE45D@orf.org>
Date: Wed, 22 Apr 1998 12:18:29 -0700
From: Greg Carter <gcarter@orf.org>
Organization: Oceanic Resource Foundation
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: (no subject)
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-Corel-MessageType: EMail
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 193
I am trying to locate Tracy Baynes, last email address I have is
tracy-baynes@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov. Tracy, if you are out there, please
contact me. Thanks!
--
Greg L. Carter                        Oceanic Resource Foundation
gcarter@orf.org               Celebrate the Year of the Ocean 1998
http://www.orf.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 25 12:03:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA13622; Sat, 25 Apr 1998 12:03:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21102; Sat, 25 Apr 1998 12:05:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021098; Sat, 25 Apr 98 12:05:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA25270; Sat, 25 Apr 1998 15:17:37 GMT
Received: from italy.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA25265; Sat, 25 Apr 1998 11:17:32 -0400
Received: from [38.26.12.136] (ip136.an1-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.12.136])
	by italy.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id IAA11130
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 25 Apr 1998 08:15:04 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Sat, 25 Apr 1998 08:15:04 -0700 (PDT)
X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <l03130303b1676b8ba55a@[38.26.12.157]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 194
Dear Coral Listers,
Two weeks ago the Discovery News channel ran a segment that focused on the
Parrot fish and Rapid Wasting Syndrome.
ABC News produced this for the Discovery channel, and interviewed myself
along with all the other scientists involved on location in Bonaire. They
made some grave errors, and took what I said out of context. ABC was
contacted immediately, and to  correct their error, they conducted another
interview. The corrected verion aired last night  (Friday (EST) 9pm on the
Discovery Channel).
The new segment, airing now, CLEARLY explains what is going on reguarding
this issue. They stopped airing the old segment, and are showing the
correct version on Discovery News all week (check your local listing
times). They will be mentioning a corresponding letter on the issue, that
is published in the Journal of Science. This letter, which explores the
relationship between the parrotfish and fungus, has been co-written by 9
coral reef scientists who have been working very hard to understand this
complex syndrome.
More work is needed to understand this syndrome, along with all the other
coral diseases that exist in the field today. I thank Esther Peters and
Harry McCarty for all of her help through this, along with Gerard Geertjes
of University of Groningen and Kalli DeMeyer (and staff) of the Bonaire
Marine Park for all of their help in the field.
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 27 08:56:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA19294; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 08:55:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA18664; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 08:57:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018638; Mon, 27 Apr 98 08:56:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA04692; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 12:11:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199804271211.MAA04692@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Dave Ward" <davward@gate.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: St. Croix field station??
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 1998 13:56:35 -0400
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 195
Seaward Research Inc. has provided logistical and technical support to the
science community in the Florida Keys since 1995. We are considering
returning to St. Croix, USVI and opening a field research station. The
proposed facility would be located next to the ocean on the West End of the
island.
We propose to have:
Dormitory style accommodations
Covered space to work
A modest running seawater system
Dive tanks and weights
Air compressor
Small boats for rent
A 35' vessel for island wide work
At this time we are trying to determine if the interest within the science
community is strong enough to support a small facility on St. Croix.
We would appreciate a response to the following Questions:
1.	How strongly would you consider working in St. Croix if a field station
were available?
2.	Would you be interested in working on St. Croix in 1999?
3.	Would you consider a trip to the island for an underwater tour?
 If you have other questions or comments please contact Dave or Sue Ward.
Seaward Research Inc.
P.O. Box 2766
Key Largo, Florida 33037
305-451-9822
E-mail
sueward@gate.net
davward@gate.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 27 23:23:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA00490; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 23:23:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA27095; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 23:25:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027084; Mon, 27 Apr 98 23:24:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA08573; Tue, 28 Apr 1998 02:35:03 GMT
Received: from arl-img-5.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA08568; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 22:34:58 -0400
Received: (from mailgate@localhost)
	by arl-img-5.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.10) id WAA10896
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Mon, 27 Apr 1998 22:32:20 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 27 Apr 1998 22:31:47 -0400
From: Harry McCarty <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
Subject: Offline Version of The Coral Disease Page
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199804272232_MC2-3B32-845F@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id XAA00490
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 196
Thanks to our many visitors, the Coral Disease Page has been a great
success.
One visitor asked if a stand-alone version was available for use in the
field.  We are pleased to say that such a version is now available.  All of
the links to the web have been disabled or eliminated, so that the system
will run on any PC with a browser, but without the need to connect to the
web itself.
If you are interested, please feel free to download the Offline Version of
the Coral Disease Page through a link at:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mccarty_and_peters/coraldis.htm
It is a 630 kb file, and it took about 10 minutes to upload on a 28.8 baud
modem.
If you find this version useful, especially in the field, please drop us  a
note.
The only condition we have is that you not use the text or photos for any
other purpose.  In other words, don't take this apart, add to it, or
redistribute it.  As appropriate, please cite the source (us) in any
publications that result from its use.
We are working on updates to the main page online, using materials
suggested or contributed by many of the visitors.  We will post information
about updates here, as they occur.
Thanks again for your interest.
Chip McCarty
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 29 03:45:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA14795; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 03:45:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA15018; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 03:47:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015013; Wed, 29 Apr 98 03:47:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA15209; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 06:37:55 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA15203; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 02:37:50 -0400
Received: from localhost (carlson@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id UAA02065
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 28 Apr 1998 20:35:03 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs
Date: Tue, 28 Apr 1998 20:35:03 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: carlson@iniki
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral sex change?
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980428202324.15806f-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 197
In 1982 I collected a Sandalolitha robusta coral in Palau.  In 1992 we
noticed it spawning.  It may have spawned in previous years and went
unnoticed, but since 1992 we have checked for spawning every year.
Spawning usually occurs a few days before the new moon in April at 7:00
am. This is in an indoor aquarium on display to the public.  There are
skylights overhead which is probably how it remains cued in to the phase
of the moon even indoors.
Last year we obtained fertile eggs which developed into planula (there is
a second smaller colony nearby which has always produced sperm). This year
we anxiously awaited the spawning event, cameras in hand and egg collectors
ready.  But instead of eggs, this year it produced sperm!  It spawned 3
days in a row and only produced sperm.  The other male colony did not
spawn this year.
Not sure what to make of this but we will check again in May because
occasionally it spawns over two months.
I haven't checked the literature on sex reversal in fungiid corals, or
corals in general, but would appreciate if others have encountered this
phenomenon in corals.  We definitely have never observed this coral
producing sperm in any of the previous years, and it definitely produced
no eggs this year at all.
Bruce
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 29 08:27:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA16207; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 08:27:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA19147; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 08:29:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019119; Wed, 29 Apr 98 08:28:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA16197; Wed, 29 Apr 1998 11:24:31 GMT
Message-Id: <199804291124.LAA16197@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 1998 14:59:15 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Hugh Sweatman <h.sweatman@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Great Barrier Reef monitoring report
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 198
The Australian Institute of Marine Science=92s Long-Term Monitoring of the
Great Barrier Reef - Status Report Number 2 is now available in PDF format
on the AIMS home page:
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/reflib/mon-lt/pages/mon-ltm2-00.html
The core of the program involves monitoring reef fishes (visual census) and
sessile benthic organisms (video transects) at fixed sites on approximately
50 reefs.  These are located in three positions across the continental
shelf at six latitudes spanning most of the GBR province.  The perimeters
of sample reefs are surveyed for crown-of-thorns starfish and coral cover
(manta tow).  Water samples are taken nearby.  About an equal number of
additional reefs are surveyed only for crown-of-thorns starfish.
The report deals with results of the first three annual surveys (to 1995)
and primarily concerns spatial patterns of distribution.
Hugh Sweatman
Long Term Monitoring Program,
Australian Institute of Marine Science,
PMB3 Townsville MC, Qld 4810
Australia
ph: (07) 4753 4470 / +61 7 4753 4470 [GMT +10]
faxes: (07) 4753 4288 / 4772 5852
h.sweatman@aims.gov.au   web: http//www.aims.gov.au/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 30 16:20:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA02414; Thu, 30 Apr 1998 16:20:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA24569; Thu, 30 Apr 1998 16:22:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024541; Thu, 30 Apr 98 16:21:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA24877; Thu, 30 Apr 1998 19:25:26 GMT
Received: from mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA24870; Thu, 30 Apr 1998 15:25:11 -0400
Received: from localhost (edingeen@localhost)
	by mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA22931;
	Thu, 30 Apr 1998 15:22:13 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 30 Apr 1998 15:22:13 -0400 (EDT)
From: "E.N. Edinger" <edingeen@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: "P.A. Beddows" <beddowpa@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
Subject: Yucatan Caribbean sustainabilityRe: Re: (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980430151652.20611B-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 199
Forwarded message re: coastal zone environmental monitoring for the
Carbbean side of the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico.
_________________________
Al and Don (Dive Shop Owner) approached me yesterday about studies
performed along this coastline regarding sustainable development.  They are
concerned about the carrying capacity of coastal beaches, such as Akumal.
Do you know where I could find information regarding the sustainable
development of coastal beaches?
 ___________________________
If you have information or suggestions, please respond directly to
Patricia (Trish) Beddows at beddowpa@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca
Thanks,
Evan Edinger
=======================================================================
Evan Edinger
School of Geography and Geology		tel. (905) 525-9140 ext. 24513.
McMaster University			fax. (905) 522-3141
Hamilton, Ontario			email: edinger@mcmaster.ca
L8S 4M1 CANADA				home phone: (905) 527-8775
=======================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue May  2 13:38:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA16687; Sat, 2 May 1998 13:38:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA19061; Sat, 2 May 1998 13:40:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019054; Sat, 2 May 98 13:39:18 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA05434; Sat, 2 May 1998 16:51:54 GMT
Received: from pp2.shef.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA05427; Sat, 2 May 1998 12:51:41 -0400
Received: from ashopton.shef.ac.uk [143.167.27.253]
	by pp2.shef.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.73 #1)
	id 0yVfSn-0004kt-00; Sat, 2 May 1998 17:48:37 +0100
Received: from ASHOPTON/SpoolDir by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40);
    2 May 98 17:48:37 +0100
Received: from SpoolDir by ASHOPTON (Mercury 1.40); 2 May 98 17:48:29 +0100
Received: from Pete.shef.ac.uk (143.167.199.56) by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40) with ESMTP;
    2 May 98 17:48:19 +0100
From: "Peter J Mumby" <p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: foraging of herbivorous fish
Date: Sat, 2 May 1998 17:46:42 +0100
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <18781825714@ashopton.shef.ac.uk>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 200
Dear Coral-listers,
Does anyone know of any literature on the influence of food patchiness on
the grazing efficiency (rate) of herbivorous fish? For example, how does
algal patch size and distribution affect the likelihood of a patch being
grazed by parrotfish?
I've made a fairly thorough search of the literature but haven't found
anything explicitly on this spatial issue. Any feedback would be gratefully
received.
Best wishes,
Pete
Dr Peter J. Mumby
Research Fellow
Department of Geography
University of Sheffield
Winter Street
Sheffield
S10 2TN
E-mail: p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk
Tel: + 44 (0)114 222 7970
Fax: + 44 (0)114 279 7912
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed May  3 10:26:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA18660; Sun, 3 May 1998 10:26:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA01569; Sun, 3 May 1998 10:28:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001565; Sun, 3 May 98 10:28:18 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA09451; Sun, 3 May 1998 13:42:38 GMT
Message-Id: <199805031342.NAA09451@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sun, 3 May 1998 15:15:53 +1000
To: susan.burr@saipan.com (Susan Burr), coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: pharriso@scu.edu.au (Peter Harrison)
Subject: Re: dredging & coral spawning
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 201
Dear Susan,
I strongly agree with the recommendation to cease dredging during the coral
spawning and post-spawning period/s and recommend that it be extended to
include the soft coral spawning periods as well.  We know that a whole
range of pollutants including oil hydrocarbons, trace metals and nutrients
that are likely to be associated with fine particulates and resuspended by
dredging adversely affect or inhibit fertilization precesses in corals, and
also larval settlement (increased sediment also reduces settlement rates).
Bob Richmond has some data in his 1993 review paper, the nutrient info can
be found in Ward and Harrison Panama conf. paper, and the trace metal work
and oil hydrocarbon data are currently in ms in review or about to be
submitted.  I can provide further details if needed.
Hope this helps
Peter
Dr Peter Harrison
Senior Lecturer in Ecology
Centre for Coastal Management
Southern Cross University
PO Box 157, Lismore, 2480.
Australia
International Phone 61 266 203774
International Fax  61 266 212669
pharriso@scu.edu.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May  4 13:44:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA28715; Mon, 4 May 1998 13:44:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA01946; Mon, 4 May 1998 13:46:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001893; Mon, 4 May 98 13:45:21 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA16205; Mon, 4 May 1998 16:33:59 GMT
Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA16193; Mon, 4 May 1998 12:33:54 -0400
Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost)
	by winnie.fit.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id MAA29682
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 4 May 1998 12:26:47 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 4 May 1998 12:26:46 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
Reply-To: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: looking for a book
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980503092919.4869P-100000@winnie.fit.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 202
I'm trying to buy a copy of "Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific" by
J.E.N. Veron.  I'd appreciate any suggestions about where I can obtain the
book.
Thanks.
Jon Shenker
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May  4 18:19:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA03534; Mon, 4 May 1998 18:19:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA15054; Mon, 4 May 1998 18:21:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015047; Mon, 4 May 98 18:21:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA17760; Mon, 4 May 1998 21:24:52 GMT
Received: from kuhub.cc.ukans.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA17753; Mon, 4 May 1998 17:24:34 -0400
Received: from KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU by KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU (PMDF V5.1-10 #24910)
 id <01IWN49NAK3400IMY0@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU> for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov;
 Mon, 4 May 1998 16:20:59 CDT (UTC -05:00)
Date: Mon, 04 May 1998 16:20:59 -0500 (UTC -05:00)
From: "DAPHNE G. FAUTIN" <fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu>
Subject: Re: looking for a book
In-reply-to: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980503092919.4869P-100000@winnie.fit.edu>
To: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
Cc: FAUTIN@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-id: <Pine.PMDF.3.95.980504162023.869544A-100000@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 203
The University of Hawaii Press (Honolulu) and Sea Challengers (Monterey,
California) both sell it.
On Mon, 4 May 1998, Jonathan M Shenker wrote:
> I'm trying to buy a copy of "Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific" by
> J.E.N. Veron.  I'd appreciate any suggestions about where I can obtain the
> book.
> Thanks.
>
> Jon Shenker
>
>
>
Daphne G. Fautin
Division of Biological Sciences
Haworth Hall
University of Kansas
Lawrence, KS 66045  USA
1-785-864-3062
Catalogue of sea anemones of the world (Actiniaria, Corallimorpharia, and
Ptychodactiaria) -- listing 1358 species, the reference in which each was
     described, and existing type specimens of more than 500 of them
	         www.nhm.ukans.edu/~inverts/anemones.cgi
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May  4 18:45:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA03789; Mon, 4 May 1998 18:45:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA15739; Mon, 4 May 1998 18:47:42 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015728; Mon, 4 May 98 18:46:52 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA17932; Mon, 4 May 1998 22:06:28 GMT
Received: from accessone.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA17927; Mon, 4 May 1998 18:06:24 -0400
Received: from atinker.accessone.com (kirk04-25.accessone.com [209.43.128.169])
	by accessone.com (8.8.5/8.8.5/PIH) with SMTP id PAA20227
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 4 May 1998 15:03:08 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980504150537.006d7744@accessone.com>
X-Sender: atinker@accessone.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Mon, 04 May 1998 15:05:37 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Aaron Tinker <atinker@accessone.com>
Subject: Glacier Bay Needs Your Help
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA03789
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 204
Dear Friends and Colleagues:
	Please accept my apology for any cross-postings.
	On January 6 at The Capitol in Washington DC, Marine Conservation Biology
Institute released Troubled Waters: A Call for Action, a statement by 1,605
conservation biologists and marine scientists highlighting the major
threats to marine biodiversity and what must be done to protect it.
Troubled Waters was covered by major electronic and print media in North
America and many other countries, disseminating an essential message
worldwide at the beginning of the International Year of the Ocean.
	The Troubled Waters signers called for a dramatic increase in marine
protected areas, but some people in the USAincluding US Senator Frank
Murkowski (R-AK)do not seem to have gotten the message.  Although Alaska
has more than 75 thousand kilometers of coastline (more than Australia, New
Zealand, Brazil, Mexico, South Africa and Norway combined), it has lagged
other places in embracing marine protected areas as a way of conserving its
wealth of marine life.  Alaska hosts no National Marine Sanctuaries, and
its premier marine protected areaGlacier Bay National Parkhas allowed
commercial fishing for salmon, halibut and crabs to continue, despite the
clear mandate against commercial take in National Parks.  The National Park
Service is now proposing to phase out commercial fishing in Glacier Bay
National Park.  Strong support from marine scientists and conservation
biologists is essential to make this happen, especially because Senator
Murkowski has introduced a bill, S. 1064, to prevent the National Park
Service from stopping commercial fishing in the Park.  Therefore, we are
asking US senior scientists and graduate students in relevant natural and
social marine sciences to join us in supporting the principle that we need
marine protected areas that are true refuges from extractive uses, by
signing Protecting Marine Life in Glacier Bay National Park (following).
If you agree, please e-mail MCBI's Caroline Chisholm (caroline@mcbi.org)
with your full name, highest degree, title (e.g. Assistant Professor,
Independent Consultant), institution, city, state, phone, fax and e-mail
address by May 10.  MCBI will present the statement and its signers at a
National Park Service hearing in Seattle on May 14.  For more information,
please consult our worldwide web site: www.mcbi.org
Sincerely,
Elliott Norse, Ph.D., President
Marine Conservation Biology Institute
Protecting Marine Life in Glacier Bay National Park
	As conservation biologists and marine scientists, we believe that
maintaining and restoring biological diversity is a crucial conservation
goal for the United States, in the sea no less than on land and in fresh
waters.  As it is in nonmarine realms, biological diversity is increasingly
threatened in the sea, and marine species and ecosystems deserve no less
protection than nonmarine ones.  But US policy on marine protected areas
does not reflect scientists' concerns: Less than 0.1% of US marine waters
are permanently protected from commercial fishing.
	Scientists are increasingly recognizing that marine protected areas are an
essential tool for studying how relatively undisturbed ecosystems function
and for conserving marine species and maintaining the integrity of marine
ecosystems.  There is growing evidence that such "no-take" reserves benefit
fisheries by increasing populations outside reserves.  But the USA has few
marine protected areas and nearly all of them provide insufficient
protection from the threats to marine biodiversity, particularly fishing.
	Among the various kinds of protected areas on land, National Parks serve
as refuges crucial to nonmarine species that have been depleted or
eliminated elsewhere in the USA.  There is no scientific justification for
giving marine portions of National Parks any less protection than their
terrestrial portions.  Just as the USA does not allow extractive uses such
as logging in Olympic National Park or buffalo hunting in Yellowstone
National Park, our nation must not allow commercial fishing in Glacier Bay
National Park or other National Parks.  As scientists who understand the
importance of true protected areas for maintaining biological diversity, we
call upon the Interior Department's National Park Service and the US
Congress to stop all commercial fishing in Glacier Bay National Park.
**** <>< <>< ******* <>< *<>< <>< **** <>< ****<>< * <>< ******* <>< *
Aaron Tinker                            *   MCBI is a nonprofit, tax-exempt
Program Assistant                       *   organization dedicated to
Marine Conservation Biology Institute   *   advancing the science of marine
15806 NE 47th Court                     *   conservation biology. To learn
Redmond, WA 98052-5208 USA              *   more, please visit our World
1 (425) 883-8914 (office) 883-3017 (fax)*   Wide Web site at:
atinker@u.washington.edu                *   http://www.mcbi.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May  5 07:25:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA06357; Tue, 5 May 1998 07:25:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA23262; Tue, 5 May 1998 07:27:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023239; Tue, 5 May 98 07:26:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA20930; Tue, 5 May 1998 10:48:24 GMT
Message-Id: <199805051048.KAA20930@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 4 May 1998 09:13:43 -0400
From: "Julian F. Sprung" <JSprung@compuserve.com>
To: Coral.List@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: photosaturation
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 205
Dear List,
I have a friend who asked me for references about photosaturation levels
for some algae and corals. He is looking for PAR intensity levels if
possible.
Any suggestions?
Julian Sprung
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May  5 11:20:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA10208; Tue, 5 May 1998 11:20:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA03548; Tue, 5 May 1998 11:22:42 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003515; Tue, 5 May 98 11:21:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA22154; Tue, 5 May 1998 14:14:35 GMT
Received: from winnie.fit.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA22148; Tue, 5 May 1998 10:14:31 -0400
Received: from localhost (shenker@localhost)
	by winnie.fit.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id KAA03162
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 5 May 1998 10:07:19 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Tue, 5 May 1998 10:07:19 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
Reply-To: Jonathan M Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Found the book
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980503092919.4869P-100000@winnie.fit.edu>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980504162237.20863C-100000@winnie.fit.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 206
Thanks, folks, for the messages suggesting where I could purchase a copy
of Veron's book on corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific.  Amazon.com
had been unable to locate this out-of-print book, hence my plea to the
coral-list.  For those of you who asked me where you could purchase your
own copy, respondants to my message suggested Univeristy of Hawaii Press,
Australia Institute of Marine Science, Sea Challengers, and Waikiki
Aquarium.  Let me know if you need more details.
Jon Shenker
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May  5 18:05:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA16261; Tue, 5 May 1998 18:05:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA25463; Tue, 5 May 1998 18:07:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025448; Tue, 5 May 98 18:07:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA24590; Tue, 5 May 1998 21:27:18 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA24584; Tue, 5 May 1998 17:27:14 -0400
Received: from tissot.marinescience ([128.171.115.75]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148921(2)>; Tue, 5 May 1998 11:20:38 -1000
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980505112751.00a56270@128.171.3.53>
X-Sender: tissot@128.171.3.53
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: 	Tue, 5 May 1998 11:27:51 -1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us
From: "Brian N. Tissot" <tissot@hawaii.edu>
Subject: Temporary Position Announcement
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA16261
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 207
Temporary Position Announcement:
Visiting Professor of Marine Science at the University of Hawaii at Hilo
We are looking for a faculty member from another institution that is
interested in teaching three courses per semester for the 1998-99 academic
year (starting mid-August, 1998, ending mid-May 1999). We need someone who
can teach most (but not necessarily all) of the following courses:
Marine Biology
Oceanography
Biology of Invertebrates
Marine Ecology
Requirements: Ph.D. in Biology, Oceanography or a related field; permanent
employment at another institution; quality teaching experience.
Salary will depend on qualifications and experience.
If you are interested contact me as soon as possible or send an
introductory letter and curriculum vita to the address below. Aloha  Brian
Tissot
==================================================
     BRIAN TISSOT
     Associate Professor of Marine Biology
     Director, Kalakaua Marine Education Center
     Chair, Marine Science Department
     University of Hawaii at Hilo
     200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720-4091
     Ph: 808-974-7383; FAX: 808-974-7693
     E-mail: Tissot@Hawaii.edu
     Web: http://www2.hawaii.edu/~tissot/
	  http://www.coralreefs.hawaii.edu
==================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May  7 05:27:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA00618; Thu, 7 May 1998 05:27:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA27063; Wed, 6 May 1998 14:35:53 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027026; Wed, 6 May 98 14:34:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA29581; Wed, 6 May 1998 17:16:58 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA29576; Wed, 6 May 1998 13:16:53 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA27655; Wed, 6 May 1998 13:13:30 -0400
Date: Wed, 6 May 1998 13:13:30 -0400
Message-Id: <199805061713.NAA27655@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Coral Bleaching -- INDONESIA
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 208
Passing this recent information from Lombok Island in Indonesia on to others who
may have an interest or may wish to share further observations.
Al Strong
<---- Begin Forwarded Message ---->
From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" <yajari@hotmail.com>
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Bleaching
Date: Tue, 05 May 1998 21:00:53 PDT
First of all, let me introduce ourselves. We are a Marine Foundation,
named Yayasan JARI. We're based in Mataram, Lombok Island, West Nusa
Tenggara Province - Indonesia.
During this last four months, the coral reef around Lombok Island is
suffering from bleaching process. And it is happening almost around
Lombok Island (next to Bali). The bleaching process is happening until
80 feet depth, and also we have cold and hot current[s] on the surface and
[at] depth. All the coral is getting white and it is very sad. [Does] this
event has something to do with the El-Nino phenomenon? Cause we have
information that coral in the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching, and also
Taka Bone Rate National Park in South Sulawesi and Bunaken National Park
in North Sulawesi...
Juanita Mandagi
Marine Foundation -- Yayasan JARI
Mataram, Lombok Island
West Nusa Tenggara Province
Indonesia
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May  7 12:51:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA08388; Thu, 7 May 1998 12:50:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA01189; Thu, 7 May 1998 12:52:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001179; Thu, 7 May 98 12:52:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA06132; Thu, 7 May 1998 16:01:44 GMT
Received: from uclink4.berkeley.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA06127; Thu, 7 May 1998 12:01:38 -0400
Received: from churcher.HIP.Berkeley.EDU (churcher.HIP.Berkeley.EDU [136.152.29.141])
	by uclink4.berkeley.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA14516;
	Thu, 7 May 1998 08:57:51 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 7 May 1998 08:57:51 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <199805071557.IAA14516@uclink4.berkeley.edu>
X-Sender: tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Tegan Churcher <tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu>
Subject: coral disease database and map!
Cc: pol@univ-perp.fr, pmalino@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph, j.mcmanus@cgnet.com,
        mlsucrm@mozcom.com, crawford@manado.wasantara.net.id,
        goreau@bestweb.net, oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au, peteres@tetratech-ffx.com,
        richardl@servax.fiu.edu, dsantavy@gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov,
        cindyh@hawaii.edu, cnidaria@earthlink.net
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 209
Dear Coral listers,
I am a graduate student in the Department of Geography at the University of
California at Berkeley working with Dr. Bernard Nietschmann and Dr. David
Stoddart on coral reef diseases in the Indo-Pacific for my dissertation
research.  This summer I am doing pre-dissertation research and will be
selecting field sites in The Indo-Pacific.
I am contacting you all because I think it would be helpful to compile a
database and create a map of coral disease outbreaks.  I am trying to get as
much information as possible so please take 15-30 min. to fill out this
survey consisting of 14 questions.  I will then return this data to the
group in some organized fashion.  Thanks for you time and assistance!
Cheers,
Ms. Tegan Churcher
Dept. of Geography
University of California at Berkeley
Berkeley, CA 94720
tpaige@uclink4.berkeley.edu
SURVEY OF CORAL REEF DISEASES
1.  What disease are you documenting?
2.  Have there been multiple disease outbreaks at this site?
3.  If yes to the above question could you please fill out this survey for
each disease you are knowledgeable about.
4.  Where did this coral disease outbreak occur?
5.  Please give the latitude and longitude for the area.
6.  When did this event begin?
7.  When did it end?
8.  What is the size of the event?
9.  What depth is the reef at?
10.  What percentage of corals have the disease in the area?
11.  Are certain coral species more prone to this disease than other
species?  Please be as specific as possible.
12.  How are the corals responding to the disease?
13.  Is there any evidence of recovery?  If so how?
14.  Do you see any indirect affects upon the fish populations?  Please be
as specific as you possibly can.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May  7 12:56:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA08508; Thu, 7 May 1998 12:56:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA01456; Thu, 7 May 1998 12:58:59 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001434; Thu, 7 May 98 12:58:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA05950; Thu, 7 May 1998 15:51:17 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA05945; Thu, 7 May 1998 11:51:14 -0400
Date: Thu, 7 May 1998 11:51:14 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jim Hendee <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980507115047.5936A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 210
Date: Tue, 5 May 98 17:03:57 EDT
From: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov
To: coral-list
Subject: fwd: CZ99 announcement
Forwarded message:
Coastal Zone 99 (CZ99) Conference, July 24-30, 1999, San Diego,
California.
The "call for papers" for "CZ99: The People, The Coast, the Ocean:
Vision2020" is just off the press.  Interested parties can access the
website for paper directions at omega.cc.umb.edu/~cz99.  Abstracts are due
August 1, 1998.
Conference themes are the human dimension, the ocean realm, the
watershed perspective, and the public connection.
If you cannot access www, contact Chantal Lefebre-to request a
Call-for-Papers at cz99@umbsky.cc.umb.edu, or via fax 617/287-5575.
Additionally, if you have a coastal or ocean related website that can
be linked to the CZ99 site, we would like to make links.
For reverse WWW links please email Chantal Lefebre, CZ99 Conference
Coordinator, atcz99@umbsky.cc.umb.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May  7 20:21:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA14760; Thu, 7 May 1998 20:21:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA18107; Thu, 7 May 1998 20:23:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018101; Thu, 7 May 98 20:23:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA08132; Thu, 7 May 1998 23:13:04 GMT
Received: from cc.wwu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA08127; Thu, 7 May 1998 19:13:00 -0400
Received: from hardy.huxley.wwu.edu (hardy.huxley.wwu.EDU [140.160.112.77])
	by cc.wwu.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4) with SMTP id QAA27899
	 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 7 May 1998 16:06:19 -0700
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980507161128.006f4f28@mail.cc.wwu.edu>
X-Sender: jhardy@mail.cc.wwu.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Thu, 07 May 1998 16:11:28 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Jack Hardy <jhardy@cc.wwu.edu>
Subject: Montastrea Biomass
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 211
I would appreciate data that anyone might have or references to reports on
tissue  wet weight/cm2 surface area for Montastrea annularis (& related
forms).  There are probably lots of measurements, but I can't seem to
locate the data.
Jack Hardy, Ph.D., Director
Center for Environmental Science
Huxley College of Environmental Studies
Western Washington University
Bellingham, WA 98225-9181
Phone 360-650-6108
Fax 360-650-7284
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May  8 08:34:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA16914; Fri, 8 May 1998 08:34:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA27034; Fri, 8 May 1998 08:36:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027027; Fri, 8 May 98 08:36:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA10916; Fri, 8 May 1998 11:39:14 GMT
Message-Id: <199805081139.LAA10916@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 7 May 1998 13:47:32 -0700
From: Keith Hammond <hammond@motherjones.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: NEED PHOTOS OF CORAL REEF SCIENTISTS/ACTIVISTS
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 212
Hello Coral-Listers,
The new Mother Jones magazine has a big feature on the plight of coral
reefs; now I'm adding an "Action Atlas" on our Web site, and I need photos
of activists,  scientists, fishermen, volunteer researchers -- anyone who's
actively involved in saving the corals in any country in the world.  It
will be published Tuesday morning, so I need ASAP:
* photos or slides FedExed (we'll pay) to arrive no later than Monday a.m.
* digital files e-mailed to me directly at hammond@motherjones.com
* URLs or FTP addresses of downloadable files.
Thanks,
Keith
______________________________________________________________
Keith Hammond                   Mother Jones magazine
News Editor                     731 Market Street, Suite 600
The MoJo Wire                   San Francisco, CA 94103
www.motherjones.com             (415) 665-6637, fax -6696
______________________________________________________________
"I don't make jokes. I just watch the government
 and report the facts."
 -- Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy
 of our monied corporations which dare already
 to challenge our government to a trial of strength,
 and bid defiance to the laws of our country."
 -- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed May 10 18:23:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA02619; Sun, 10 May 1998 18:23:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA19472; Sun, 10 May 1998 18:25:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019464; Sun, 10 May 98 18:24:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11479; Sun, 10 May 1998 21:40:50 GMT
Received: from tula.cura.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11473; Sun, 10 May 1998 17:40:45 -0400
From: reefcare@cura.net
Received: from cura.net (dppp80.cura.net [209.58.20.180]) by tula.cura.net (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id RAA17095 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 10 May 1998 17:38:30 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Message-ID: <35561C49.EC2EDCA5@cura.net>
Date: Sun, 10 May 1998 17:29:45 -0400
Reply-To: reefcare@cura.net
Organization: Reef Care Curacao
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Breakwater construction and coral damage
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 213
Dear all,
Reef Care Curacao is a volunteer organisation striving to protect the
coral reef of the Dutch Caribbean island of Curacao. Recently we started
legal proceedings against the Curacao Sea Aquarium for enlarging and
extending its breakwaters out to a depth of 15 feet or more (5 m) in a
well developed reef area, using rocks caked with mud and sand, resulting
in enormous plumes of silt fanning out over the reef, lingering for many
hours, and resulting in reduced visibility lasting days due to
continuous washing out of mud from the rocks. We lost our case because
the judge ruled that we had not plausibly proven lasting damage to the
coral.
We, as divers, have seen the damage done by the initial construction of
the breakwaters and have seen shallow water corals disappear completely
in the area due (according to us) to that. We are now looking for expert
opinions on the damage caused by siltation on corals, and we want to ask
you, as acknowledged coral reef experts, if you share our opinion. If
so, please send us a statement, including your credentials and relevant
background as a coral reef expert. We hope at the very least to be able
to use your statements as a public refutation of the judge's decision in
a press release, and possibly as grounds for an appeal.
Please reply directly to us, our e-mail address: reefcare@cura.net
Counting on your support,
Sincerely,
J. Greijmans
President, Reef Care Curacao
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed May 10 18:51:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA02691; Sun, 10 May 1998 18:51:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA19701; Sun, 10 May 1998 18:53:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019697; Sun, 10 May 98 18:52:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA11631; Sun, 10 May 1998 22:22:53 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA11626; Sun, 10 May 1998 18:22:50 -0400
Received: from osha.inav.net (dip209.inav.net [205.160.208.79]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.5/8.6.12) with SMTP id RAA01037 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 10 May 1998 17:19:05 -0500
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980510171832.007574b4@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Sun, 10 May 1998 17:18:32 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Thanks for help
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 214
Dear coral-listers,
I want to thank the many members of this list who were so helpful over the
two years I was researching and writing a book on coral reefs. "The
Enchanted Braid: Coming to Terms with Nature on the Coral Reef" was a
difficult project made much easier by the list members. I did my best to
get the "story" right for the general public; I hope I succeeded. If anyone
wants a review copy for a reef publication, the publicity department at
John Wiley & Sons has been very cooperative. You can contact them directly at:
Michael A. Darden
Journals & Professional Books Publicist
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
605 Third Avenue
New York, NY  10158-0012
TEL: (212) 850-6484
FAX: (212) 850-6799
mdarden@wiley.com
Thanks again for all the help. It's been a pleasure learning from all of
you--keep up the good work! (Any feedback--criticisms, suggestions,
praise--on the book would, of course, be welcome.)
Best,
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 South Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Ph: 319-338-4778
Fax: 319-338-8606
osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 11 09:35:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05288; Mon, 11 May 1998 09:35:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA04010; Mon, 11 May 1998 09:37:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003920; Mon, 11 May 98 09:36:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA14668; Mon, 11 May 1998 12:41:38 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA14662; Mon, 11 May 1998 08:41:34 -0400
Received: from localhost (jogden@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id IAA12899
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 11 May 1998 08:37:48 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 08:37:48 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: The Enchanted Braid
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980511082747.12078R-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 215
I have just finished Osha Gray Davidson's "The Enchanted Braid: Coming to
Terms with Nature on the Coral Reef."  It is a lively, accessible, and
often humorous contemporary account of coral reefs all over the world,
seen through the eyes of an inquisitive and literate traveler.  This is
the book to give to that skeptical friend or relative who wonders what all
the fuss over reefs is all about.  Check it out.
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/553-1109
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 11 18:02:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA13873; Mon, 11 May 1998 18:01:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA05028; Mon, 11 May 1998 18:04:00 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005021; Mon, 11 May 98 18:03:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA18091; Mon, 11 May 1998 21:16:05 GMT
Received: from tor-smtp1.netcom.ca by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA18086; Mon, 11 May 1998 17:16:01 -0400
Received: from Howzit.turtles.org (trt-on27-06.netcom.ca [207.181.102.70])
	by tor-smtp1.netcom.ca (8.8.7-s-4/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA17598
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 11 May 1998 17:12:09 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980511171649.00e77d74@pop.vex.net>
X-Sender: howzit@pop.vex.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 17:16:51 -0400
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Re: The Enchanted Braid
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 216
Dear Dr. Ogden,
I am reading "The Enchanted Braid" too.  My favourite is the sea turtle
chapter --I read that through twice.  Then I got to the chapter on Jakarta
Bay and stopped dead in my tracks.  Good thing I wasn't smoking a cigar at
the time or I'd a swallowed it.
Talk about a horror story.
I am a diver who witnessed a series of Cladophora algae blooms destroy a
section of reef off West Maui.  Some corals have struggled back since then
but not to their pre-1989 glory days.  (I thought *that* was bad...)
But Davidson's description of Jakarta Bay makes my eyes go GULP.
Re: Enchanted Braid:
Most important thing I've learned so far is a coral reef isn't an entity
onto itself.  It may be receiving "recruits" from another reef many many
miles away.  It is clear if one reef gets destroyed it would have serious
repercussions for distant others.  So I learned coral polyps are a bit like
sea turtles --boundaries are meaningless to them.
Anyway...
...while I am on here I might as well ask if anyone knows the dominant
algaes in Jakarta Bay and if anyone knows whether the sea turtles there are
sick with fibropapilloma.
And while I am only on page 127 in this book I might as well take this time
to thank CORALers for the knowledge you have amassed over the last three
decades and for the work you do improving human understanding of this
precious reef resource.  (Davidson made that quite clear in his book)
(I have a vested interest in coral reefs because that's what the sea
turtles I love call home.)
All the best
--------------------------------------
At 08:37 AM 5/11/98 -0400, you wrote:
>
>I have just finished Osha Gray Davidson's "The Enchanted Braid: Coming to
>Terms with Nature on the Coral Reef."  It is a lively, accessible, and
>often humorous contemporary account of coral reefs all over the world,
>seen through the eyes of an inquisitive and literate traveler.  This is
>the book to give to that skeptical friend or relative who wonders what all
>the fuss over reefs is all about.  Check it out.
>
>
>John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/553-1100
>Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/553-1109
>830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701
              ^               Ursula Keuper-Bennett
             0 0              Email: howzit@turtles.org
    /V^\            /^V\
  /V   Malama na honu   V\    http://www.turtles.org
 /                        \
"Whatever the reason and against my will (for I am
suspect of my own sentimentality in regards to animals),
as they slip into the sea, their enormous glistening
backs disappearing beneath the water, I hear myself
whisper to the departing turtles a word I have never
uttered in seriousness: "Godspeed."
          \       /      --Osha Gray Davidson
          /  \ /  \        The Enchanted Braid
         /__| V |__\
         Turtle Trax
CELEBRATING THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FFS TAGGING PROGRAM
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 11 21:59:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA15900; Mon, 11 May 1998 21:59:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA10040; Mon, 11 May 1998 22:01:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010036; Mon, 11 May 98 22:00:50 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA19978; Tue, 12 May 1998 01:15:06 GMT
Received: from mail.nsysu.edu.tw. by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA19969; Mon, 11 May 1998 21:14:39 -0400
Received: from [140.117.93.120] by mail.nsysu.edu.tw. (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA28014; Tue, 12 May 98 09:10:26 CST
Date: Tue, 12 May 98 09:10:25 CST
Message-Id: <v01550101b17dc18aa06e@[140.117.93.120]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K. Soong)
Subject: underwater pen, not paper
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 217
Dear Coral-listers:
  I wonder if there is a pen which could be used to write on transparencies
underwater.  Please advise.
Thank you very much.
Sincerely
K. Soong
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 12 02:39:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA16614; Tue, 12 May 1998 02:39:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA13141; Tue, 12 May 1998 02:41:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013137; Tue, 12 May 98 02:41:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA21351; Tue, 12 May 1998 05:52:32 GMT
Received: from arwen.otago.ac.nz by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA21346; Tue, 12 May 1998 01:52:16 -0400
Received: from [139.80.35.15] (ou035015.otago.ac.nz [139.80.35.15])
	by arwen.otago.ac.nz (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id RAA17965
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 12 May 1998 17:48:15 +1200 (NZST)
Date: Tue, 12 May 1998 17:48:15 +1200 (NZST)
X-Sender: st004593@brandywine.otago.ac.nz
Message-Id: <v01530500b17e3df761a2@[139.80.35.18]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann)
Subject: High volcanic islands
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 218
Does anyone have an estimate on the number of high volcanic islands and
atolls in the tropical Pacific region?
Oliver
Oliver Gussmann
(PhD Student)
University of Otago
Department of Marine Science
PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
Fax:	(64)-3-479 8336
Tel.: 	(64)-3 479 8306
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*~*
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 12 11:06:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA19774; Tue, 12 May 1998 11:06:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA27672; Tue, 12 May 1998 11:08:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027615; Tue, 12 May 98 11:07:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA23368; Tue, 12 May 1998 14:11:44 GMT
Received: from proxy4.ba.best.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA23363; Tue, 12 May 1998 10:11:41 -0400
Received: from carterg.vip.best.com (dynamic44.pm03.san-mateo.best.com [205.149.174.172] (may be forged)) by proxy4.ba.best.com (8.8.8/8.8.BEST) with ESMTP id HAA15717 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 12 May 1998 07:07:05 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <355858EE.D874C313@orf.org>
Date: Tue, 12 May 1998 07:13:03 -0700
From: Greg Carter <gcarter@orf.org>
Organization: Oceanic Resource Foundation
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Newsletter
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-Corel-MessageType: EMail
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 219
Dear Coral-listers,
The spring issue of the Oceanic Resource Foundation newsletter,
Currents, is available on our website in Adobe Acrobat PDF format with a
link to the Adobe site for a free download of Acrobat Reader. The
newsletter is also available by regular mail. If interested, please send
a postal address via email to gcarter@orf.org. The summer issue will be
devoted to corals. Comments, letters and suggestions are welcomed.
Regards, Greg
--
Greg L. Carter                        Oceanic Resource Foundation
gcarter@orf.org               Celebrate the Year of the Ocean 1998
http://www.orf.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 12 11:24:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA21075; Tue, 12 May 1998 11:24:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA28602; Tue, 12 May 1998 11:26:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028566; Tue, 12 May 98 11:25:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA23298; Tue, 12 May 1998 14:07:09 GMT
Received: from uni-essen.de by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA23293; Tue, 12 May 1998 10:07:04 -0400
Received: from Markus.hydrobiologie.uni-essen.de (Markus.hydrobiologie.uni-essen.de [132.252.95.154]) by uni-essen.de (8.8.5/8.7) with SMTP id QAA26196 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 12 May 1998 16:02:16 +0200
Message-ID: <3558D284.3AE9@uni-essen.de>
Date: Tue, 12 May 1998 15:51:48 -0700
From: Markus Paster <markus.paster@uni-essen.de>
Reply-To: markus.paster@uni-essen.de
Organization: Universitt-GH-Essen / Institut fr kologie / Abt. Hydrobiologie
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold [de] (Win16; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: fax number Ras Mohammed Nat. Park
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 220
Dear all,
does anybody of you have the actual fax or telephone number of the Ras
Mohammed National Park Authority in Egypt (South Sinai)?
Please answer directly to my address. Kind regards,
Markus
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 13 18:10:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09120; Wed, 13 May 1998 18:10:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA07752; Wed, 13 May 1998 18:12:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007747; Wed, 13 May 98 18:12:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA07150; Wed, 13 May 1998 20:45:22 GMT
Received: from earth.usgcrp.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA07142; Wed, 13 May 1998 16:45:18 -0400
Received: from [131.182.242.89] (usgcrp89.usgcrp.gov [131.182.242.89])
	by earth.usgcrp.gov (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id QAA19839;
	Wed, 13 May 1998 16:37:35 -0400
X-Sender: tsocci@earth.usgcrp.gov
Message-Id: <v02140b18b17fb5e9e5f7@[131.182.242.89]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 16:42:53 -0400
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: May 19th US Global Change Seminar: "Potential Consequences of Global Warming for
      	the Northwestern US: Water Resources and Marine Ecosystems"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA09120
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 221
                      U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series
          Potential Consequences of Global Warming for the Northwestern US:
                          Water Resources and Marine Ecosystems
What are the dominant patterns of climate variability in the Pacific
Northwest?  How has climate variability impacted Pacific northwest
resources?  What are the climate projections, as well as projected impacts,
for the Northwestern US, for the next 50-100 years?  What are the likely
impacts of a general climate warming on water resources and marine
ecosystems in this region?  What impact will these changes likely have on
people living in this region of the US?
                                                         Public Invited
                                      Tuesday, May 19, 1998, 3:15-4:45 PM
          NEW LOCATION - Dirksen Senate Office Bldg., Room 628, Washington, DC
                                                     Reception Following
INTRODUCTION
Melissa Taylor, Deputy Executive Director, National Assessment Coordination
Office, Washington, DC
SPEAKERS
Dr. Dennis P. Lettenmaier, Department of Civil Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
Dr. Nathan Mantua, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
                                                    OVERVIEW
How can we assess the impacts of climate change on the natural resources in
any given region? Lessons learned from the past century of observed climate
impacts on sectors like hydrology and fisheries serve as real-life measures
for vulnerabilities and sensitivities to changing climate parameters.
For at least the past century of climate variability in the Pacific
Northwest, El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has been a major driver at
year-to-year time scales, while the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) has
contributed strongly at decade-to-decade time scales.  Spatially, the ENSO
and PDO patterns have similar signatures in the Pacific Northwest: warm
phases of both patterns are associated with mild winter land and coastal
sea surface temperatures, and below average precipitation, snowpack and
streamflows; cold phases of ENSO and PDO typically bring cool land and sea
surface temperatures, above average snowpack, and abundant water supplies.
                                  Water Resources of the Pacific Northwest
Of the potential effects of global warming, the implications for hydrology
(the natural system by which precipitation makes its way into streams and
eventually the oceans) and water resources (the "built" or managed system
that makes freshwater available for human uses) are among the most
important to society.  In many parts of the world, including much of the
U.S., the demand for consumptive (e.g., water supply) and non-consumptive
(e.g., navigation, hydroelectric power generation, industrial cooling,
instream flow) supplies of fresh water is barely balanced by sustainable
surface and groundwater sources.  In addition, water is essential for crop
growth, and water management is an important factor in the reliability and
sustainability of food supplies.
The hydrology of the Pacific Northwest, like much of the Western U.S., is
dominated by two factors: a Mediterranean climate (most precipitation
occurs in the winter months) and a dominant influence of topography, with
much of the precipitation at high elevations occurring as snow in winter,
which does not contribute to stream flow until the following spring or
summer.  The hydroclimatology of the region is also strongly affected by
the Cascade Mountains.  Rivers east of the Cascades are dominated by spring
snowmelt, with seasonal peak flows occurring in late spring and early
summer. Rivers on the west side are dominated by winter rains, augmented by
spring snowmelt at higher elevations, so that many streams have both a
winter and spring peak.  Furthermore, most major floods on the west side
occur as a result of intense rains and snowmelt in the late fall, while
east side floods occur as a result of a mixture of winter rain-on-snow
events and spring melt.
The water requirements of the Pacific Northwest are met primarily by
surface water.  The major river in the region, the Columbia, is managed by
an extensive system of over 100 reservoirs, which is operated for
irrigation, flood control, hydropower, navigation, recreation, and
fisheries protection and enhancement.  Nonetheless, the total storage in
the Columbia River reservoirs is equivalent to only about a third of the
river's mean annual flow.  Therefore, the reservoir system acts primarily
to store water from the spring high flow period to be released during the
summer and fall; it does not, to any significant extent, store water from
one year to the next.  Reservoirs on smaller west-side streams are likewise
small relative to the mean annual flow of the rivers.  West-side streams
are operated primarily for municipal water supply, fisheries protection and
enhancement, and hydropower.
                                      Climate Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
Climate-induced changes in marine ecosystems trigger a cascade of
ecological impacts throughout the marine food-web.  Such impacts are often
most visible in their impacts on higher-order predators like sea birds,
marine mammals, and commercially popular fish stocks. The effects of
anthropogenic climate change (greenhouse warming) on marine ecosystems will
most likely occur via multi-scale atmosphere/ocean circulation changes, and
not by direct (radiatively driven) heating of the oceans.
>From the perspective of marine ecosystems, Pacific interdecadal climate
shifts between warm and cold climate phases (Pacific Decadal Oscillation)
have been linked to decade-to-decade changes in Pacific salmon production
from western Alaska all the way to central California.  In addition,
shorter-lived El Nio-related changes to the marine environment have caused
temperature and spatial dislocations in the distribution of many open-ocean
bird and fish species, as well as important changes in overall ecosystem
productivity.  Common to both El Nino- and PDO-related marine climate
fluctuations are regionally specific swings in primary and secondary
productivity (via phyto- and zooplankton production, respectively) that
trigger a cascade of ecological impacts throughout the marine food web.
Generally speaking, processes important to marine ecosystems take place at
regional and smaller scales.  Global-scale climate models now used to
investigate the impacts of increased concentrations of greenhouse gases
globally, are not yet as useful at these regional and smaller scales.
Based upon observed climate impacts on marine ecosystems, the following
impacts are likely to occur as a response to future anthropogenic climate
change: 1) species distributions will change;
2) there will be winners and losers; warm phases of the PDO correspond to
high productivity in the Gulf of Alaska and low productivity in the
California Current (and vice-versa with the cold phase of the PDO); 3)
ecosystem surprises are to be expected; and 4) if present day El Nino and
PDO-like warm episodes are a model for future climate changes, warm water
pelagic fish (e.g., albacore, mackerel, sardines) will become more common
in nearshore and higher latitude waters of the northeastern Pacific.
                    Water Resources in the Pacific Northwest in a Warmer World
The dominant effect of a warmer climate on the streams of the Pacific
Northwest would be that less wintertime precipitation would fall as snow
and more would fall as rain, resulting in decreased snowpack accumulation,
and therefore increased winter flows and decreased spring and summer flows.
This pattern would alter the flow patterns away from spring peaks and
toward a rainfall-dominated peak in the winter. This change would, in
general, create more stress on reservoir systems, as the natural storage of
snowpacks would have to be replaced with reservoir storage to meet current
water demands.  Furthermore, the potential would exist for increased fall
and winter flooding, especially in west-side streams, and perhaps in some
smaller east side streams that are not generally susceptible to winter
floods in the current climate. Consequences of these changes for water
resource management include the need for more deliberate spillage in
west-side rivers and the possibility for decreased water supply in summer,
given reservoir storage limitations.
In order to understand these consequences more fully, the climate scenarios
from three atmospheric General Circulation Models (GCMs) were used in
conjunction with regional hydrologic and reservoir models to assess the
impacts of the scenarios on Pacific Northwest hydrology and water
resources.  Notwithstanding that current GCMs cannot provide detailed
regional-scale, watershed-specific information, modeling studies can,
nonetheless, indicate the general nature of the response of the hydrology,
and managed water resource systems, to changes in the region's climate.
The model studies show that the projected shifts in the timing of runoff
(associated primarily with temperature), and volumes of runoff (associated
primarily with changes in precipitation) would have important implications
for energy production, fish protection, and irrigation water supply in the
region.  The changes in seasonal timing of runoff associated with the
warmer climate scenarios tend to be advantageous for hydropower production
during the winter high demand period, but may jeopardize subsequent
reservoir refill and hydropower production for the following year.   In one
of the climate scenarios, however, considerably reduced precipitation would
result in failure to meet firm-energy production requirements more often
under current climate conditions.  The changes in the seasonal pattern of
streamflow generally would have negative implications for fish protection,
especially, for instance, in terms of the reliability of the Columbia River
reservoir system to meet the statutory minimum flow requirements for McNary
Dam.
The ability of the reservoir system to meet irrigation demands generally
would decline under the climate warming scenarios; particularly those
accompanied by significant decreases in streamflow volumes. These changes
would be especially important in the upper Snake River basin, in part
because of the high irrigation demands there, and in part because the
seasonal pattern of Snake River streamflows is more sensitive to climate
warming than is the main stem of the Columbia. Recreation would be impacted
as well. Recreation benefits for the Columbia River reservoirs depend on
high reservoir levels during the summer, targets which would be more
difficult to meet with reduced spring streamflows. On the other hand, the
severity of spring floods would generally be reduced in the Columbia River
system.
   El  Nino and the PDO: Real-Life Models of Climate-Driven Changes in
                                  Marine Ecosystems
A growing body of research has shown a close connection between
fluctuations in the northeastern Pacific marine ecosystems and large scale
features of Pacific climate. Large amplitude, year-to-year climate
fluctuations, often associated with El Nino/La Nina, have dramatic impacts
on marine ecosystems in the northeast Pacific.  Typical El Nino-related
environmental changes include a warming of the coastal upper ocean, raised
sea levels, increased poleward coastal currents, and a deepening of the
ocean surface layer.  Off the west coast of the continental US, these
frequent warming events often lead to a reduction in phytoplankton and
zooplankton production, which in turn sets the stage for dramatic crashes
in overall fishery productivity.  Large die-offs have been observed among
higher-level predators like sea-birds, marine mammals, and some salmon
populations during the strong climate warming events of 1983 and 1997/98.
Perhaps even more important to the northeastern Pacific marine ecology are
the decade-to-decade environmental shifts associated with the Pacific
(inter)Decadal Oscillation (PDO).  The PDO has been described as an
interdecadal El Nino-like pattern of climate variability.  Warm phases of
the PDO bring decadally-persistent El Nino-like environmental changes.
Long-lived (20 to 30 year) climate fluctuations associated with the PDO
have been linked to dramatic and persistent changes in the large marine
ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean.  Since the late 1970's (the last
switch from cold to warm PDO regimes) these changes include crashes in
Alaska Murre (sea-birds) and Stellar Sea Lion populations, significant
reductions in Halibut growth rates, sharp declines in Alaska King Crab and
shrimp fisheries, altered salmon migration routes, and an era characterized
by record salmon production in Alaska but very low salmon production in
Washington, Oregon, and California.
Climate-related changes to streamflow regimes will also play a major role
in determining the future of Pacific salmon.  The PDO-related changes in
salmon abundance previously noted are thought to result mostly from changes
in the marine environment.  For Alaska salmon, the typical positive PDO
year brings enhanced streamflows and nearshore ocean conditions favorable
to high productivity.  Generally speaking, the converse appears to be true
in the Pacific Northwest.
The specter of a greenhouse climate with warmer, wetter winters and warmer,
drier summers in the Pacific Northwest suggests significantly reduced
snowpack.  Such streamflow regimes would be less favorable for salmon than
those now observed with El Nino and PDO.  Such scenarios paint a picture of
an increased frequency of scouring, nest-damaging fall and winter floods,
with reduced flows and elevated stream temperatures in the critical low
flow summer periods.
                                                               Biographies
Dennis Lettenmaier is a hydrologist with interests in continental and
global-scale land surface hydrology, and smaller-scale sensitivity of
catchment hydrologic processes to land cover change.  He is presently
involved in several projects seeking to improve the representation of the
land surface, especially the representation of streamflow and
evapotranspiration, in climate and numerical weather prediction models.  He
is a Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Washington, where
he has been on the faculty since 1976.
Since 1995 Dr. Lettenmaier has worked with NOAA's Joint Institute for the
Study of the Atmosphere and Oceans (JISAO) at the University of Washington,
where he participates in a NOAA Global Change project, "An Integrated
Assessment of the Dynamics of Climate Variability, Impacts, and Policy
Response Strategies for the Pacific Northwest", as the hydrology and water
resources team leader.  He has participated in several assessments of the
effects of climate change on  hydrologic and water resources, including the
1989 EPA Report to Congress, for which he directed the study on California
Water Resources, and a recent U.S. Army Corps of Engineers study of the
climatic sensitivity of six water resources systems throughout the
continental U.S.  He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the
American Meteorological Society.
Dr. Lettenmaier received his Ph.D. degree from the University of
Washington's  Department of Civil Engineering in 1975.
Nathan Mantua is an atmospheric scientist whose interests are in
understanding ocean-atmosphere climate dynamics.  He is presently involved
in interdisciplinary studies related to climate variability,
seasonal-to-interannual climate prediction, and the human and ecological
dimensions of climate change.
Since 1995 Dr. Mantua has worked with NOAA's Joint Institute for the Study
of the Atmosphere and Oceans (JISAO) at the University of Washington where
he has played a key role in a NOAA/ Global Change project  titled "An
Integrated Assessment of the Dynamics of Climate Variability, Impacts, and
Policy Response Strategies for the Pacific Northwest."  This study is an
interdisciplinary effort focused on understanding the role of climate
information in resource management.  The JISAO team is investigating both
short- and long-term climate issues, the former in terms of the use of
seasonal-to-interannual climate predictions, the latter in assessing the
Pacific Northwest's vulnerability to potential anthropogenic climate
change.
Dr. Mantua has also had a life-long involvement with the commercial and
sport salmon fishing industries, and as a result, has a unique
understanding of the connections between climate and fishery science.  His
versatility in these two fields has led to a number of collaborations with
fisheries scientists at the University of Washington and at other research
institutions.  He was recently appointed to the Scientific Steering
Committee (SSC) for the international Global Oceans Ecosystems Dynamics
(GLOBEC) program, a NOAA/NSF (Global Change)-sponsored effort devoted to
better understanding the role of climate variations in marine ecosystems.
Dr. Mantua received his Ph.D. degree from the University of Washington's
Department of Atmospheric Sciences in 1994, and shortly thereafter, was
awarded a NASA Global Climate Change Fellow.
The Next Seminar is scheduled for Thursday, June 11, 1998
Planned Topic: Projected Atmospheric and Climatic Implications of Asian
                                                     Development
For more information please contact:
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  A complete archive of seminar summaries is also
posted at this site.  Normally these seminars are held on the second Monday
of each month.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 14 08:35:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA13204; Thu, 14 May 1998 08:35:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA20859; Thu, 14 May 1998 08:37:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020834; Thu, 14 May 98 08:36:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA10515; Thu, 14 May 1998 11:37:19 GMT
Received: from sweden.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA10510; Thu, 14 May 1998 07:37:16 -0400
Received: from [38.26.14.81] (ip81.an3-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.14.81])
	by sweden.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA23567
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 14 May 1998 04:33:12 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 04:33:12 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <l03130302b1804e06aeb1@[38.26.14.81]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 222
Dear Coral Listers,
I received this information yesterday form the AP Wire Service, and was
wondering if any one has further information reguarding this terrible
occurrence?
CORAL DESTRUCTION:  AP reported last week acid and explosives used by
Chinese and Hong Kong fishermen are destroying coral beds in a Taiwan-
controlled area of the South China Sea.  Up to 90 percent of the coral
has died in some beds of the Pratas island group.  Biologists estimate
that 50 tons of acid, used to stun fish so that they can be captured
live and served freshly killed in restaurants, are sprayed into the
water each year.
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 14 08:52:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA13400; Thu, 14 May 1998 08:52:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA21899; Thu, 14 May 1998 08:54:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021880; Thu, 14 May 98 08:54:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA10392; Thu, 14 May 1998 10:57:27 GMT
Received: from pp2.shef.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA10386; Thu, 14 May 1998 06:57:11 -0400
Received: from ashopton.shef.ac.uk [143.167.27.253]
	by pp2.shef.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.73 #1)
	id 0yZvdK-0003jl-02; Thu, 14 May 1998 11:53:07 +0100
Received: from ASHOPTON/SpoolDir by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40);
    14 May 98 11:53:06 +0100
Received: from SpoolDir by ASHOPTON (Mercury 1.40); 14 May 98 11:53:05 +0100
From: "Peter J. Mumby" <P.J.Mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 11:52:56 +0100
Subject: nutrient enrichment & algal growth
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a)
Message-ID: <2A1B1BF6199@ashopton.shef.ac.uk>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 223
Dear Coral-listers,
Looking at the literature, I was quite surprised to find very
little empirical work on the effects of nutrient enrichment
on algal growth (particularly macroalgae).
I've come across papers by Lapointe, Littler, McCook, the ENCORE work,
and the Kaneohe Bay stuff, but precious few lab studies. If anyone could
direct me to other studies (possibly in the grey literature), I'd be extremely
grateful and will of course disseminate the results to anyone interested.
With thanks,
Peter
P.S. does anyone have Mark Littler's email address?
------------------------------------------------
Dr Peter J. Mumby
Research Fellow
Department of Geography
University of Sheffield
Winter Street
Sheffield
S10 2TN
United Kingdom
tel: + 44 (0)114 222 7970
fax: + 44 (0)114 279 7912
e-mail: p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 14 19:24:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA26200; Thu, 14 May 1998 19:24:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA24740; Thu, 14 May 1998 19:26:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024707; Thu, 14 May 98 19:26:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA13702; Thu, 14 May 1998 22:24:23 GMT
Received: from vida.ib.usp.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA13697; Thu, 14 May 1998 18:24:13 -0400
Received: from ib.usp.br (gip-cas-1-as01-0-a28.br.global-one.net [200.224.65.28])
	by vida.ib.usp.br (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id TAA27136
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 14 May 1998 19:22:14 -0300 (EST)
Message-ID: <355B6D0C.8932199@ib.usp.br>
Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 19:15:40 -0300
From: Suzana Pinto <suzanamp@ib.usp.br>
Reply-To: suzanamp@ib.usp.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Acontiaria sea anemones
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by vida.ib.usp.br id TAA27136
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA26200
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 224
Dear coral-listers,
I am taking my PhD course at Universidade de So Paulo (USP), Brazil,
focusing on phylogenetic
relationship among Acontiaria sea anemones, using morphological and
molecular data.
The project aims to propose well-supported phylogenetic approach to sea
anemone,  as well as
to determine which molecular techniques are appropriate to this study.
In addtion, the comparative
study of the characters will draw on cladistic analysis.
Does anyone have Dr. Meg Daleys (at George Washington University)
e-mail address?
I am sure that all suggetions will be of great help.
Thank  in advance,
Suzana
--
_____________________________________________________________
Suzana M. Pinto                                      E-mail:
smpinto@usp.br
Universidade de So Paulo (USP)
suzanamp@ib.usp.br
Instituto de Biocincias                          Voice/Fax:
+55-19-2551278
Depto. de Zoologia
+55-11-8187513
Caixa Postal 11461
+55-11-8187516
05422-970-So Paulo, SP
Brasil
_____________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 15 05:01:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA27939; Fri, 15 May 1998 05:00:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA29372; Fri, 15 May 1998 05:03:00 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029366; Fri, 15 May 98 05:02:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA15685; Fri, 15 May 1998 08:12:37 GMT
Received: from mail.nsysu.edu.tw. by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA15664; Fri, 15 May 1998 04:07:25 -0400
Received: from [140.117.93.120] by mail.nsysu.edu.tw. (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA04135; Fri, 15 May 98 16:01:35 CST
Date: Fri, 15 May 98 16:01:34 CST
Message-Id: <v01550103b18214a82b04@[140.117.93.120]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw (K. Soong)
Subject: underwater pen and paper
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 225
Dear Coral Listers:
  About pens to write on transparencies underwater, I received quite a few
suggestions.  They are summarized below, thanking efforts of all the
responders.
  Most mentioned greasy pens which come in different colors.  They are easy
and not expensive.
To get much higer resolution, one can use transparencies for color
printers.  These transparencies have roughened surface, thus a pencil can
leave fine lines on them.  They might be more expensive than regular ones,
but is very effective if you want to trace the position and shape of small
objects underwater.
Sincerely
Keryea Soong
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 15 06:10:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA28106; Fri, 15 May 1998 06:10:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA29941; Fri, 15 May 1998 06:12:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029930; Fri, 15 May 98 06:11:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA15869; Fri, 15 May 1998 09:12:36 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA15864; Fri, 15 May 1998 05:12:23 -0400
Received: from upandang.wasantara.net.id (upandang.wasantara.net.id [202.159.93.195])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id RAA11000;
	Fri, 15 May 1998 17:14:18 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from UPANDANG/SpoolDir by upandang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    15 May 98 17:12:56 +0800
Received: from SpoolDir by UPANDANG (Mercury 1.40); 15 May 98 17:12:43 +0800
Received: from 202.159.093.195.wasantara.net.id (202.159.93.216) by upandang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40) with ESMTP;
    15 May 98 17:12:41 +0800
Message-ID: <355C0381.86EB81B8@Upandang.wasantara.net.id>
Date: Fri, 15 May 1998 16:57:37 +0800
From: BWH <Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id>
Reply-To: Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.0 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, Yajari@hotmail.com
Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching -- INDONESIA
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <199805061713.NAA27655@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 226
I just returned from Bunaken where I did not observe bleaching. At the
Spermonde Archipelago off Ujung Pandang, South Sulawesi, I also have not
noticed bleaching.
To get a more complete idea of the occurrence of bleaching it would be
ideal if we also report on other sites where there is NO bleaching. Next
week I'll go to Bali and may see whether anything is happening there.
Best wishes,
Bert Hoeksema (PhD)
Program Buginesia WOTRO-UNHAS
PO Box 1624
Ujung Pandang 90016
Indonesia
tel/fax: +62.411.442123
astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> Passing this recent information from Lombok Island in Indonesia on to
> others who
> may have an interest or may wish to share further observations.
>
> Al Strong
>
> <---- Begin Forwarded Message ---->
> From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" <yajari@hotmail.com>
> To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
> Subject: Coral Bleaching
> Date: Tue, 05 May 1998 21:00:53 PDT
>
> First of all, let me introduce ourselves. We are a Marine Foundation,
> named Yayasan JARI. We're based in Mataram, Lombok Island, West Nusa
> Tenggara Province - Indonesia.
>
> During this last four months, the coral reef around Lombok Island is
> suffering from bleaching process. And it is happening almost around
> Lombok Island (next to Bali). The bleaching process is happening until
>
> 80 feet depth, and also we have cold and hot current[s] on the surface
> and
> [at] depth. All the coral is getting white and it is very sad. [Does]
> this
> event has something to do with the El-Nino phenomenon? Cause we have
> information that coral in the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching, and
> also
> Taka Bone Rate National Park in South Sulawesi and Bunaken National
> Park
> in North Sulawesi...
>
> Juanita Mandagi
> Marine Foundation -- Yayasan JARI
> Mataram, Lombok Island
> West Nusa Tenggara Province
> Indonesia
>
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <><
> *****
> Alan E. Strong
>   Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res
> Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography
> Department
>   5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD
> 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
>         Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
>           http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 15 06:18:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA28173; Fri, 15 May 1998 06:18:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA00079; Fri, 15 May 1998 06:20:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000073; Fri, 15 May 98 06:20:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA15962; Fri, 15 May 1998 09:45:04 GMT
Received: from post.tau.ac.il by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA15957; Fri, 15 May 1998 05:44:55 -0400
Received: from slip-304.tau.ac.il (slip-304.tau.ac.il [132.66.33.54])
          by post.tau.ac.il (8.8.8/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA02255 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 15 May 1998 12:39:43 +0300 (IDT)
Date: Fri, 15 May 1998 12:39:43 +0300 (IDT)
Message-Id: <199805150939.MAA02255@post.tau.ac.il>
X-Sender: dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: dafna <dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il>
Subject: fax number Ras Mohammed Nat. Park
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 227
Dear all,
does anybody of you have the actual fax or telephone number of the Ras
Mohammed National Park Authority in Egypt (South Sinai)?
Please answer directly to my address. Kind regards,
Markus
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 15 22:57:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA09114; Fri, 15 May 1998 22:57:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA06964; Fri, 15 May 1998 22:59:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006959; Fri, 15 May 98 22:58:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA19832; Sat, 16 May 1998 01:53:57 GMT
Message-Id: <199805160153.BAA19832@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 11 May 1998 15:04:48 EDT
From: JSELENDY <JSELENDY@aol.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Reef Odyssey & Solutions Site announcement and Request for R=
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 228
ecommendations
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
From:
Janine M. H. Selendy
Chair and Executive Producer
HORIZON Communications
A Not-for-Profit Film Production, Research and
International Development Organization based at
Yale University Department of Biology
and
Harvard School of Public Health
The Coral Reef Odyssey is progressing with filming in Bonaire and a contrac=
t
being concluded for an IMAX (Large screen) version of the television
miniseries.
We greatly welcome your participation in spreading awareness of successful
initiatives around the world through the Solutions Site.  Please share this
announcement.
With my warmest wishes and appreciation,
Janine Selendy
CASE STUDIES SOUGHT FOR SOLUTIONS SITE
=09Coming Soon to the World Wide Web
As people around the world search for ways to address global warming and ot=
her
environmental problems, HORIZON Communications is leading an effort to
document and disseminate answers through a SOLUTIONS SITE on the World Wide
Web thanks to support from Global Resource Action Center for the Environmen=
t
(GRACE).
Harvard and Yale universities, the International Development Research Centr=
e
(IDRC) of Canada, the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Developm=
ent
Programme, Population Fund, and UNICEF are collaborating with HORIZON on th=
e
Site which will be operational by the end of May.   GRACE, other foundation=
s,
and numerous organizations are cooperating by providing case studies and
making people aware of the Site.   Regional bases are being established
worldwide --  in Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia --  with the help o=
f
HORIZON=92s collaborators.    Preliminary bases, in addition to Yale and
Harvard, will be in New York at the UNEP office, at the UNEP Environment an=
d
Industry office in Paris,  and the IDRC office in Singapore.
WHAT IS THE SITE
The Site will be a source of case studies on proven or promising solutions
drawn from all parts of the world and from both high and low technologies.
Subjects will include agriculture, biodiversity, desertification, forests,
oceans, fisheries, land management, energy production and consumption,
population, public health, toxic chemical and pollution control,
transportation, waste management, and water quality and supply.
The Site will provide an opportunity to share the most successful problem-
solving initiatives with people throughout the world who will be able to
readily access it through Internet.  The case studies will not only encoura=
ge
replication of existing projects but also inspire the development of new on=
es.
Visitors to the site will be able to provide feedback, propose new solution=
s,
and participate in discussion groups.
SITE CONTENTS
The Solutions will be drawn from HORIZON's Solutions Databank , IDRC=92s ca=
se
studies, United Nations=92 case studies developed for the Site and numerous
other sources.    Illustrative photos and film clips will augment the writt=
en
material.
The case studies will include information on:
=B7 The background of the problem being addressed;
=B7 How and by whom the solution was initiated;
=B7 How long it has been underway ;
=B7 How well it is working;
=B7 Constraining factors such as costs, limitations of materials;
=B7 Applicability and feasibility for replication locally, regionally,
internationally;
=B7 Evaluation results, if any, and by whom the evaluation was conducted;
=B7 Visual materials available;
=B7 Contacts for further information.
CASE STUDY EVALUATIONS
Every solution will be evaluated for its feasibility and applicability by t=
he
HORIZON Scientific Review Board and other experts before being added to the
Site.   (Please see list below.)   The Board is now being expanded,
particularly with international experts.   In some cases, such as in
biodiversity preservation, a promising initiative or innovation which canno=
t
yet be qualified as a success may also be included.
REQUEST FOR SOLUTIONS
HORIZON welcomes the nomination of projects and the submission of case stud=
ies
to be considered for inclusion on the Solutions Site.   A Solutions Site
Submissions template (format) will be available soon on our web site and on
hard copy.   All contributors of solutions used in the Solutions Site will =
be
credited on the Site.
TO REACH THE SITE
The Solutions Site will be incorporated into HORIZON=92s existing web site =
at
http://www.yale.edu/horizon.
SITE FEATURES
Features of the Solutions Site will include:
=B7 A hierarchical, categorized, easily navigable user interface for locati=
ng
solutions in the major categories defined by HORIZON and its collaborators.
=B7 A search engine to allow free text searching of the Solutions Site.
=B7 A News Section for information on activities related to the Site.
=B7 A group of Interactive Discussion Fora, to allow users to exchange view=
s and
information.   These groups will be moderated to prevent their usage for
activities not in accordance with the stated goals of the Site.
=B7 An automatic email mailing list service, allowing users to, upon joinin=
g,
automatically receive updates or information presented by the administrator=
s
of the Solutions Site.   Subscribers will, for example, be able to choose t=
o
be automatically informed every  time a new solution is added to a given
category, such as Clean Water.
=B7 A Guest Book, to help track visitor interest and feedback.
=B7 A Solutions Submission form, allowing users to submit ideas for solutio=
ns,
for subsequent follow-up by the HORIZON staff and collaborators.
=B7 Links to other Internet information sources around the world within rel=
evant
categories.
=B7 Feedback forms in each solutions report, to allow immediate user respon=
se to
the information presented.
=B7 Multimedia, including audio, video, and animation.   Video clips from
HORIZON=92s documentary films and other sources will be made available, pla=
yable
directly within standard Internet browser programs such as Netscape or
Microsoft Internet Explorer.
=B7 An open structure allowing for instant application of translations of
Solutions Reports as they become available and for prompt updating.
CONTACT
Your recommendations of  solutions would be greatly appreciated along with =
the
information  needed to make direct contacts with the appropriate people
involved.
For submissions and additional information, please contact:
Jo Yellis, Executive Director
HORIZON Communications
Yale University Department of Biology
P. O. Box 208103
New Haven, CT 06520-8103
USA
Tel: 203-432-6266
Fax: 203-432-6161
e-mail: yellis@pantheon.yale.edu
HORIZON Web Site: http://www.yale.edu/horizon
 SCIENTIFIC REVIEW BOARD:
 Peter S. Ashton, Ph.D.
Professor of Dendrology
Harvard University
Michele Barry, M.D.
Co-Director
International Health Program
Yale School of Medicine
Paul Epstein, M.D.
Assoc. Dir. Health & Global Environment
Harvard Medical School
Harvey V. Fineberg, M.D., Ph.D.
Provost
Harvard University
David G. Hawkins, J.D.
Senior Staff Attorney
Natural Resources Defense Council
Stephen P. Hubbell, Ph.D.
Professor of Biology
Princeton University
Dieter Koch-Weser, M.D.
Former Chair
Dept. of Preventive & Social Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Barry S. Levy, M.D., M.P.H.
Former President American Public Health Assoc.
Adj. Prof. Tufts U. School of Medicine
Thomas E. Lovejoy, Ph.D.
Counselor to the Secretary for Biodiversity
& Environmental Affairs
The Smithsonian Institution
Michael McElroy, Ph.D.
A. L. Rotch Professor, Atmospheric Science,
Chairman, Dept. of Earth & Planetary Sciences
Harvard University
Hon. Richard L. Ottinger
Dean
Pace University School of Law
Allan Rosenfield, M.D.
Dean
Columbia School of Public Health
Burton H. Singer, Ph.D.
Professor of Demography and Public Affairs
Princeton University
Andrew Spielman, Sc.D.
Professor of Tropical Public Health
Harvard School of Public Health
Roger P. Swain, Ph.D.
Science Editor
Horticulture Magazine
Robert J. Wyman, Ph.D.
Professor of Biology
Yale University
 POPULATION  PROJECT  INTERNATIONAL  ADVISORY  BOARD
Local Or Country Level
BANGLADESH
Mr. Alamgri M. A. Kabir
President
Family Planning Association of  Bangladesh
MADAGASCAR
Dr. Nivo Rakotobe
Madagascar University School of Medicine
MEXICO
Dr. Alfonso Lopez Juarez
Director General
MEXFAM
NIGERIA
Chief Bisi Ogunleye
National Coordinator
Country Women Association of
Nigeria
PHILIPPINES
Dr. Clio Brion Labule
Family Planning Association of the Philippines
UNITED STATES
Dr. Claire D. Brindis
Director
Center for Reproductive Health Policy Research
University of California, San Francisco
Regional Level
ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Mr. Krishan Singh
Former Assistant Administrator
Asia and Pacific Region
United Nations Development
Programme
AFRICA
Dr. Benjamin Gyepi-Garbrah
Secretary
African Population Advisory Committee
WESTERN HEMISPHERE
Mr. Hernan Sanhueza
President
International Planned Parenthood
Federation-Western Hemisphere Region
International Level
Mr. George Brown
Vice President
Population Council
Ms. Jane De Lung, President
Population Resource Center
Ms. Joan Dunlop, President
International Women=92s Health Coalition
Ms. Ishrat Husain
Former Division Chief, World Bank
African Technical Human Resources
Mr. David Poindexter, President
Population Communications International
Dr. Sunetra Puri
Assistant Director,
Information Services and Public Relations
International Planned Parenthood Federation
Professor  Robert Wyman
Department of Biology
Yale University
CORAL  REEF  ODYSSEY PROJECT ADVISORY BOARD
 Walter H. Adey, Ph.D.
Director
Marine Systems Laboratory
Smithsonian Institution
Gordon M. Cragg, Ph.D.
Chief
Natural Products Branch
National Cancer Institute
Sylvia A. Earle, Ph. D.
Oceanographer
Founder, Deep Ocean Engineering, Inc.
Former Chief Scientist, NOAA
D. John Faulkner, Ph.D.
Professor of Marine Chemistry
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of San Diego
William Fenical, Ph.D.
Professor of Oceanography
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of San Diego
David J. Newman, Ph.D.
Chemist
Natural Products Branch
National Cancer Institute
Donald Matthews Spoon, Ph.D.
Research Associate
Marine Systems Laboratory
Smithsonian Institution
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue May 16 10:50:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA10253; Sat, 16 May 1998 10:50:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA12466; Sat, 16 May 1998 10:52:54 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012458; Sat, 16 May 98 10:52:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA22237; Sat, 16 May 1998 13:47:20 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA22221; Sat, 16 May 1998 09:44:13 -0400
From: reefprj@tm.net.my
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.106.111]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 581-49008U190000L190000S0) with SMTP id AAA28081;
          Sat, 16 May 1998 16:42:55 +0800
Message-ID: <355D516C.188@tm.net.my>
Date: Sat, 16 May 1998 16:42:20 +0800
Reply-To: reefprj@tm.net.my
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: Y.Lim@plymouth.ac.uk, biusing@ppps.po.my, kpp01@dof.moa.my,
        pejbmru@ums.edu.my
Subject: Bleaching Event/Sabah/Kota Kinabalu
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 229
CORAL REEF BLEACHING REPORT			May 16th, 1998
Pulau Gaya [Gaya Island] - Sabah, Malaysia - Borneo; Kota Kinabalu
*******************************************************************
Area Affected:
Observed area approximately 4 NMiles surrounding The Reef Project Bld.
Bld. @ 06 degrees / 00 min / 77 sec N | 116 degrees / 03 min / 06 sec E.
Weather Characteristics:
No wind.  Sea over reef is calm.  Cloud coverage at observation time at
level 5 [ARMDES Ref.].  Cloud cover at mid day at about 2/3 level.
The area has been affected by smoke haze for approximately 6 months.
Light intensity reaching the coral reefs was reduced during this period.
Weather/Wind changes have cleared the sky of haze for the last 3 to 4
days with today being the clearest with the strongest sunlight
intensity.
Observation Time:  1400 to 1530 hrs - reef tow survey by power boat
Reef Salinity & Water Temp.[THE REEF PROJECT Bld.] @ Observation Time:
35ppt / 32C
Observations:
Bleaching affecting about 30 to 40 % of all live coral coverage.
Large/thin branching Acropora colonies affected 90%. Bleaching appears
to be confined to 1 to 2 meters in depth.  Brown Zoox. algae cloud
hovering over corals - rising up to within 1/2 meter from water surface.
Giant clam population maintained at The Reef Project reef flat are
affected by 20% bleaching as well.  [Pop. @ 300 pcs.]  Both T. derasa &
T. squamosa affected.
GClams & corals maintained in open system R&D raceways with greenhouse
plastic roofing and supplemented lighting - public aquarium displays not
affected.
Tide Information:  @1230 hrs = 5.9 ft high tide
Reef Species Affected:
	Acropora - long branching forms
	Acropora - plate forms
	Astreopora - on the tops facing the water surface
	Porites cylindrica [massive reef margin colonies]
	P. lutea - On the top portions primarily ["bald headed"]
 	Psammocora digitata - top portions
	Fungia
	Lobophyllia - the entire colony
Reported By:  THE REEF PROJECT / Don Baker
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 18 10:25:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA19346; Mon, 18 May 1998 10:24:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA12981; Mon, 18 May 1998 10:26:45 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012975; Mon, 18 May 98 10:26:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01742; Mon, 18 May 1998 12:59:04 GMT
Message-Id: <199805181259.MAA01742@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 	Sun, 17 May 1998 17:32:09 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Pratas Reef Damage/Cervino/AP/Post
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 230
We tend to be skeptical of reports of complete wipe-outs of large remote
reefs attributed solely to human impacts -- large storms and other
natural factors are more likely to cause such widespread damge. In this
case, however, we have confirmation of some of the AP report on damage
to Pratas Reef from Taiwanese colleagues who witnessed blast and cyanide
fishing. The news was based on the recent expedition of Taiwan's
National Marine Biology Museum and Aquarium as well as some news
reporters including TVBS, the most famous cable TV channel in Taiwan.
The expedition reported that, "The reef even inside the lagoon and
inside the gun-fire range was seriously damaged or totally destroyed
compared to what we had seen a few years ago. (What is the outside
like?GH) The TV reporters took quite a lot of photos and video film.
They also saw and even talked with those fishermen who were poisoning
and blasting the fishes on site. After further investigation to the
soldiers and those fishermen, they know the causes and unfortunately
that soldier there dare not to chase them away even they intrude into
the territory because of the political sensitivity between two sides.
(Two sides were not named, but looking at a map you can guess. GH).
We are really sad because the reef at Pratas Island was really
beautiful and well protected a few years ago but now just like coral's
graveyard."
As the Reef Check 1997 global survey showed, this sad news is
unfortunately being repeated all over the world as fishermen are
"forced" to travel farther and use more rapacious methods to obtain
sufficient catch. At present, the most effective deterrent to the
live-fish trade targeting large reef fish is the continuing series of
ciguatera cases hitting Hong Kong -- 68 cases in the past two months and
counting.
Join Reef Check 98 and help spread the word that Governments need to
exert more effort to control fishing as part of reef management. For
those with an interest in Taiwan reefs, contact the Taiwan Reef Check
co-coordinator "K. Soong" <keryea@mail.nsysu.edu.tw>
Reef Check website: www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 Fax: (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 18 14:04:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA24244; Mon, 18 May 1998 14:04:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA28108; Mon, 18 May 1998 14:06:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028076; Mon, 18 May 98 14:05:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA03072; Mon, 18 May 1998 17:05:44 GMT
Message-Id: <199805181705.RAA03072@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 18 May 98 11:04:19 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: noelle@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu (Noelle F. Lewis)
Subject: Intercoast Network Newsletter, Call for Papers
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 231
APOLOGIES FOR DUPLICATE LISTINGS
Call for Papers for INTERCOAST NETWORK #32, Fall 1998
Intercoast Network is a quarterly, global newsletter for those interested
in coastal management issues.  It is sent to over 4,500 subscribers in more
than 130 countries. The next issue, Fall 1998, concentrates on Economic
Methods and Tools in Coastal Management: Examples and Challenges.
While most of the world's economists may be oblivious to the dependence of
the global economy on the Earth's coastal ecosystem, resource economists,
coastal managers and environmental scientists are not. For them, the
mounting stresses are evident on every front as more and more sustainable
yield thresholds are crossed. With the world's economy having expanded
sixfold since the 1950s, it has begun to outrun the Earth's capacity to
supply goods and services, and the coastal zone is no exception, with
approximately 37 percent of the world's population living within 100 km of
the coast.
Intercoast #32-will explore the intertwined relationship between the
economy and coastal issues.
The editors request articles on interesting case studies where economics
has been used in coastal management, broadly defined.  Examples include:
benefit-cost studies, cost-effectiveness analyses, policy analyses, natural
resource damages (viewed as a way of preventing pollution incidents or
providing financing for restoration), interesting uses of incentive-based
approaches to prevent pollution or guide resource uses, case studies of
compliance in pollution or fisheries, or interesting cases in sustainable
financing. Examples of BOTH successes and failures are encouraged.
In addition to "theme" articles focused on coastal economic issues,
Intercoast includes "feature" stories on general global coastal issues, and
"Reports from the Field" giving summaries of projects and recent
achievements or initiatives around the world.  There is also "Intercoast
Insider Information" giving upcoming conferences, new publications,
Worldwide Web sites, videos, training and other useful items.
Theme and feature stories are 750-1,500 words, while "Reports from the
=46ield" are 250-500 words.  PLEASE NOTE: Photos, charts, maps and other
graphics enhance the look of the individual contribution; they are STRONGLY
encouraged. We do edit articles as necessary to fit the available space.
If you would like to contribute to Intercoast #32, contact Managing Editor
No=EBlle F. Lewis, Intercoast Network, Coastal Resources Center, Graduate
School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, 02882
USA. Tel: 401-874-6870; FAX: 401-789-4670; E-mail:
noelle@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu.
DEADLINE DATE is Wednesday, 15 July 1998.  Please contact me with questions
as soon as possible-starting today.
Thank you.
_______________________________________________________
Noelle F. Lewis
Managing Editor, Intercoast
Coastal Resources Center (CRC)             Tel: 401-874-6870 [me or voice]
University of Rhode Island                             401-874-6224 [main]
Graduate School of Oceanography            FAX: 401-789-4670
Narragansett, RI 02882  USA
E-mail: noelle@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
CRC WWW: http://crc.uri.edu
_______________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 19 03:19:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA28996; Tue, 19 May 1998 03:18:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA17767; Tue, 19 May 1998 03:20:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017761; Tue, 19 May 98 03:20:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA06268; Tue, 19 May 1998 06:36:20 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA06262; Tue, 19 May 1998 02:35:53 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id NAA27651;
	Tue, 19 May 1998 13:45:42 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    20 May 98 01:34:02 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 20 May 98 01:33:54 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    20 May 98 01:33:46 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: <reefprj@tm.net.my>
Cc: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching Event
Date: Tue, 19 May 1998 11:04:21 +0700
Message-ID: <01bd82db$33e2eb40$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0008_01BD8329.6F755460"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 232
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0008_01BD8329.6F755460
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
To : Director of Reef Project
    We are the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project of Riau =
Province, Sumatera Indonesia.
    As you reported that Coral Bleaching Event had been happened in =
Sabah, Kota Kinabalu (CORAL REEF REPORT May 16 1998 ), is there any =
possible impact of that event in surrounding water such as Senayang and =
Lingga District in Kepulauan Riau Regency, and how long will it be ?
f.y.i Senayang and Lingga District lies on :
0.269798 South
0,593596 North
104.952 East
104.052 East
Thank you for your respons and information
Best Regards,
WIJAYANTO
COREMAP RIAU
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
------=_NextPart_000_0008_01BD8329.6F755460
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.2110.0"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>To : Director of Reef =
Project</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We are the Coral =
Reef=20
Rehabilitation and Management Project of Riau Province, Sumatera=20
Indonesia.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; As you reported =
that Coral=20
Bleaching Event had been happened in Sabah, Kota Kinabalu (CORAL REEF =
REPORT May=20
16 1998 ), is there any possible impact of that event in surrounding =
water such=20
as Senayang and Lingga District in Kepulauan Riau Regency, and how long =
will it=20
be ?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>f.y.i Senayang and Lingga District =
lies on=20
:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>0.269798 South</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>0,593596 North</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>104.952 East</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>104.052 East</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Thank you for your respons and =
information</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>Best Regards,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>WIJAYANTO</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>COREMAP RIAU</FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"mailto:crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id">crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.=
net.id</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0008_01BD8329.6F755460--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 19 17:33:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA11400; Tue, 19 May 1998 17:33:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA26300; Tue, 19 May 1998 17:35:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026286; Tue, 19 May 98 17:35:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA09979; Tue, 19 May 1998 20:35:56 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA09973; Tue, 19 May 1998 16:35:52 -0400
Received: (qmail 25281 invoked by uid 0); 19 May 1998 20:31:22 -0000
Message-ID: <19980519203122.25280.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 152.163.213.112 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Tue, 19 May 1998 13:31:21 PDT
X-Originating-IP: [152.163.213.112]
From: "eric roach" <ericroach@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral reef research opportunities wanted
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Tue, 19 May 1998 13:31:21 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 233
My name is Eric Roach
ericroach@hotmail.com
I have just returned from Indonesia after a 6 month tour on
the R/V Heraclitus. I would like to continue to do more
coral reef mapping, vitality studies and ground truthing.
Any information or guidance would be appreciated.
Thank you,
Eric
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 20 02:44:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA13825; Wed, 20 May 1998 02:44:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA03084; Wed, 20 May 1998 02:46:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003069; Wed, 20 May 98 02:45:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA11972; Wed, 20 May 1998 06:02:51 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA11966; Wed, 20 May 1998 02:02:42 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA13562 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 20 May 1998 01:56:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA02530; Wed, 20 May 1998 01:58:26 -0400
Received: from rad2.bigpond.com.kh(203.35.18.11) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002526; Wed, 20 May 98 01:58:16 -0400
Received: from [203.35.18.90] by lion2.bigpond.com.kh (NTMail 3.02.13) with ESMTP id ba116273 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 20 May 1998 12:42:39 +0700
Reply-To: <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
From: "Vicki Nelson" <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
To: "coral list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: bleaching in Cambodia
Date: Wed, 20 May 1998 12:34:35 +0700
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1157
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <04423956228801@bigpond.com.kh>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 234
Dear Corallers,
I've just come back from a two-day wander around the islands off
Sihanoukville in Cambodia. Everywhere we went we found corals moderately to
severely bleached. The water is warm (sorry, no thermometers) and very very
turbid (no secchi disk, either). I don't know if that's normal for around
here because there is no baseline data for anything in the marine
environment here. Most of the 'reefs' we visited were dominated by massives
- Porites, Faviids and Mussiids - with very few Acrops and even fewer Pocs.
Nearly all genera were bleached. In some places 80% of the corals were
completely white with sediment beginning to settle on their upper surfaces.
I saw one COT on this trip on Koh Rong Samlem. It was approximately 20 cm
across but there were no feeding scars nearby (I didn't look far). On a
previous trip I saw groups of about 10-20 in a couple of places on Koh
Tang, way out in the Gulf of Thailand. There were plenty of feeding scars,
and the COTS were eating such weird things as Platygyra daedalea, Leptoria
phrygia, Favia stelligera, Echinopora lamellosa, Favites spp and Symphyllia
spp. Mind you, there isn't much Acropora or Pocillopora around for them to
eat, so I guess it's not so surprising that they go for other stuff.
Assuming the political situation in Cambodia does not blow up into a nasty
mess, I'll be back here in August to continue this project. We'll be doing
a Reef Check in August/September (rotten time of year, but we don't have a
choice), so if anyone's in the area and wants to join in, please contact
me. In December-February, the nice time of year for diving, I'll be doing a
lot more detailed work around the islands and should have something a bit
more concrete to say about the state of coral reefs in Cambodia.
Cheers,
Vicki
Dr Vicki Nelson
Danida Coastal Zone Management Project
PO Box 2298
Phnom Penh 3
855-15-921-042
email: vicki@bigpond.com.kh
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 20 08:43:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA16335; Wed, 20 May 1998 08:43:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA09875; Wed, 20 May 1998 08:45:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009791; Wed, 20 May 98 08:44:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA13224; Wed, 20 May 1998 12:02:01 GMT
Message-Id: <199805201202.MAA13224@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 19 May 1998 15:06:25 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: gohring@nesdis.noaa.gov
Subject: El Nino's last days!
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 235
Latest [5/19/98] satellite SST "HotSpots":
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
show massive erosion [FINALLY] at the surface of the warm water pool along the
eastern tropical Pacific -- campare 5/12 HotSpot.
Actual SSTs along the Equator:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/equatpac.c.gif
show SSTs have lowered drammatically in the last few days to below 26C [at 110W]
where only last week they were still running close to 29C!
Paul Chang's satellite winds are begining to pick up a bit of speed:
	http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98138_ave.gif
Al Strong
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 21 04:00:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA04311; Thu, 21 May 1998 04:00:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA10653; Thu, 21 May 1998 04:02:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010646; Thu, 21 May 98 04:02:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA18106; Thu, 21 May 1998 07:01:50 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA18101; Thu, 21 May 1998 03:01:46 -0400
From: reefprj@tm.net.my
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.14.46]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 581-49008U190000L190000S0) with SMTP id AAA12053
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 21 May 1998 14:56:48 +0800
Message-ID: <3563D004.39E9@tm.net.my>
Date: Thu, 21 May 1998 14:56:04 +0800
Reply-To: reefprj@tm.net.my
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold-TMNET  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: zooxanthellae
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 236
Dear Cor-lister,
I am doing my research degree on zooxanthellae.  The objective of  my
research is to determine the numbers of zooxanthellae in 4 stations that
I have chosen. There are as follows: 1. pristine reef 2. degraded reef
3. open sea and 4. giant clam stocking area.
I am using a plankton net with 10 micron mesh (zooxanthellae 9-12
micron).  Unfortunately, the water sample contain my other critters and
debris and thus makes it hard to identify the zooxanthellae.  I decided
to isolate the algae by filtering the water sample using 20 micron mesh.
Then the filtered samples were centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 2 mins.
Out of ten sampling, i have only once managed to see the algae.
Could it be a fluke, may be.  I am afraid that I am not using the right
centrifuged force to do the separation that it desintegrated those
algae. or simply the wrong technique...
Thus far, I am still searching for literatures that could help me with
my methodology.  Is anybody out there can help me?
Thank you,
Wilson Alex.
REEF PROJECT,
Gayana Bay Resort,
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,
Malaysia.
E-mail: reefprj@tm.net.my
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 21 08:11:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA05064; Thu, 21 May 1998 08:11:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA14808; Thu, 21 May 1998 08:13:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014795; Thu, 21 May 98 08:13:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA19149; Thu, 21 May 1998 11:28:43 GMT
Message-Id: <199805211128.LAA19149@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 21 May 1998 11:23:35 +0800
From: "huijung" <huijung@mail.nmmba.gov.tw>
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral destruction
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 237
Dear Dr. Cervino:
I am the scientist who is calling protection for Dongsha reef (The Pratas
island).  The followings are the background and what is actually happening:
Dongsha reef is the biggest atoll (>100 Km2) and has the richest reef lives
in the South China Sea.  More than 396 spp. of reef fishes, 137 spp. of
corals, 212 spp. of invertebrates and 114 spp. of marine plants were
recorded.  Those that have not been identified could double the present
numbers.  I organized three ecological expeditions (1990, 1994, 1998) to
this atoll.  The most terrible destruction happened during the past 3~4
years.  In this > 100 Km2 area, reef communities are completely dead by
repeatitive dosing with cyanide or blasting by dynamite in many studied
sites, where 100% coral coverage with very high marine life diversities
were used to be observed.  An overall estimation of 90% destruction on this
great atoll seems too conservative to me.  During the three days diving,
not a single lobster or a grouper or a shark or a Tridacna were seen by
divers.  Many of the dead corals were covered with algae.  We saw many
mainland China and Hong Kong fishing boats operating in the lagoon.  We
boarded two of them and checked the cyanide.  According to our monthly
record, in 1996, there were 589 mainland China boats, 413 Hong Kong boats
and 17 Taiwan boats fishing in this atoll.  It is estimated that at least
50.1 tons of cyanide (50 Kg per boat), 0.91 tons of dynamite (2 pond per
boat), and 9 tons of mercury batteries were put in the reef each year.
Dongsha atoll is the biggest killing field and will become the biggest
grave yard of corals in the world !  To save this nature wonder is an
inborn responsibility to all of us.  Please do whatever you can to help
from your position.  Personally, I will collaborate with my colleagues to
urge our government to take some immediate actions.
Lee-shing FANG
Director
Preparatory office
National museum of marine biology & aquarium
Phone:886-7-226-4005*52
Fax:886-7-226-4007
Email: lsfang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 21 11:32:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA08021; Thu, 21 May 1998 11:32:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA25059; Thu, 21 May 1998 11:34:42 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025047; Thu, 21 May 98 11:34:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA19981; Thu, 21 May 1998 14:50:18 GMT
Received: from sweden.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA19976; Thu, 21 May 1998 10:50:13 -0400
Received: from [38.26.14.3] (ip3.an3-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.14.3])
	by sweden.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id HAA18218
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 21 May 1998 07:45:33 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 21 May 1998 07:45:33 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <l03130300b189b5214e0d@[38.26.12.49]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 238
Dear Listers,
I am having a problem contacting Huijung from the South East Asia aquarium.
This is the e-mail that is bouncing back after I send a reply from his
letters (e-mails), can anyone confirm this as the correct e-mail? I am
getting his e-mails, however, I cannot reply. Please assist?
huijung@mail.nmmba.gov.tw
Lee-shing FANG
Director
Preparatory office
National museum of marine biology & aquarium
Phone:886-7-226-4005*52
Fax:886-7-226-4007
Email: lsfang@mail.nsysu.edu.tw
I
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 21 18:57:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA12454; Thu, 21 May 1998 18:57:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA16811; Thu, 21 May 1998 18:59:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016803; Thu, 21 May 98 18:59:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA21970; Thu, 21 May 1998 21:31:59 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA21965; Thu, 21 May 1998 17:31:55 -0400
From: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Thu, 21 May 1998 17:27:44 -0500
Message-ID: <6E96643501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Thu, 21 May 1998 17:27:13 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov (Coral-List)
Subject: MPA Post-Doc Position Announcement
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: multipart/mixed; boundary="mime-boundary-mppnhgcfln-0140B153"
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 239
  This is the preamble of a multipart MIME formatted message.
  If you are reading this text your mail system is most likely
  not capable of properly decoding MIME messages.  To extract
  the contents of this message, save it to a file and then use
  an external MIME decoding utility.
--mime-boundary-mppnhgcfln-0140B153
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
Please find below and as an attachment (WORD and TEXT versions), a
position announcement for a Marine Protected Area Post-Doc Position at
the Center for Marine Conservation and post if appropriate.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT
Post-Doctoral Position
Marine Protected Areas, Reserves, and Sanctuaries
Center for Marine Conservation
The Center for Marine Conservation (CMC) invites applications for a
post-doctoral position in Marine Protected Areas, Reserves, and
Sanctuaries.  The successful candidate will focus on (1) documenting,
evaluating and assessing the efficacy of existing marine protected areas;
(2) planning, designing, and developing proposals for new marine
protected areas; and (3) designing research and monitoring programs for
current and future protected areas.  This researcher, in collaboration
with CMC's Ecosystem Program Director and other CMC and non-CMC
scientists, will develop the scientific underpinnings and provide
technical support for CMC's current and future work on marine protected
areas, in the U.S. and Wider Caribbean.  The position will require
compilation, review, and analysis of published literature, scientific
writing and editing, experimental design, and protocol development.  The
successful applicant will reside in Washington, DC and be provided with
office space at the Center for Marine Conservation for a period of two
years.  Space and privileges may also be available at an affiliated
research institution.  Applications will be reviewed as they are received
with an anticipated starting date in June, 1998 or as soon thereafter as
feasible.
Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in marine ecology or a closely related field
and should have a strong background in at least one of the following:
marine protected areas, ecosystem management, fisheries or marine
conservation biology.  Demonstrated research experience and publication
record on marine protected areas is highly desirable.
Applicants should send a letter of application which explains his/her
interest and experience in this research area, a CV, and the names of
three references (with contact information including  email addresses).
Applications should be sent via email to jsobel@cenmarine.com, with MPA
Post-Doc as the subject field, or by  mail to:
Ecosystem Director
Center for Marine Conservation
1725 DeSales St. NW, Suite #600
Washington, DC  20036
The Center for Marine Conservation is committed to protecting ocean
environments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine
life and is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
**************************************************************************
*******************************************
Jack Sobel, Director
Ecosystem Protection
Center for Marine Conservation
Washington, DC  20036
(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
Fax: (202)872-0619
Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
**************************************************************************
******************************************
--mime-boundary-mppnhgcfln-0140B153
Content-type: application/msword; name="POSTDOC.DOC"
Content-disposition: attachment; filename="POSTDOC.DOC"
Content-transfer-encoding: base64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--mime-boundary-mppnhgcfln-0140B153
Content-type: text/plain; name="POSTDOC.TXT"
Content-disposition: attachment; filename="POSTDOC.TXT"
Content-transfer-encoding: quoted-printable
POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT
Post-Doctoral Position
Marine Protected Areas, Reserves, and Sanctuaries
Center for Marine Conservation
The Center for Marine Conservation (CMC) invites applications for a post-do=
ctoral position in Marine Protected Areas, Reserves, and Sanctuaries.  The =
successful candidate will focus on (1) documenting, evaluating and assessin=
g the efficacy of existing marine protected areas; (2) planning, designing,=
 and developing proposals for new marine protected areas; and (3) designing=
 research and monitoring programs for current and future protected areas.  =
This researcher, in collaboration with CMC's Ecosystem Program Director and=
 other CMC and non-CMC scientists, will develop the scientific underpinning=
s and provide technical support for CMC's current and future work on marine=
 protected areas, in the U.S. and Wider Caribbean.  The position will requi=
re compilation, review, and analysis of published literature, scientific wr=
iting and editing, experimental design, and protocol development.  The succ=
essful applicant will reside in Washington, DC and be provided with office =
space at the Center for Marine Conservation for a period of two years.  Spa=
ce and privileges may also be available at an affiliated research instituti=
on.  Applications will be reviewed as they are received with an anticipated=
 starting date in June, 1998 or as soon thereafter as feasible.
Applicants must hold a Ph.D. in marine ecology or a closely related field a=
nd should have a strong background in at least one of the following:  marin=
e protected areas, ecosystem management, fisheries or marine conservation b=
iology.  Demonstrated research experience and publication record on marine =
protected areas is highly desirable.
Applicants should send a letter of application which explains his/her inter=
est and experience in this research area, a CV, and the names of three refe=
rences (with contact information including  email addresses).  Applications=
 should be sent via email to jsobel@cenmarine.com, with MPA Post-Doc as the=
 subject field, or by  mail to:
Ecosystem Director
Center for Marine Conservation
1725 DeSales St. NW, Suite #600
Washington, DC  20036
The Center for Marine Conservation is committed to protecting ocean environ=
ments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine life and =
is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
--mime-boundary-mppnhgcfln-0140B153--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 22 08:44:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA15123; Fri, 22 May 1998 08:43:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA26499; Fri, 22 May 1998 08:46:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026476; Fri, 22 May 98 08:45:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA24881; Fri, 22 May 1998 12:01:56 GMT
Received: from germany.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA24876; Fri, 22 May 1998 08:01:52 -0400
Received: from [38.26.12.136] (ip136.an1-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.12.136])
	by germany.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA21946
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 22 May 1998 04:57:07 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Fri, 22 May 1998 04:57:07 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <l03130301b18ae05eb1dc@[38.26.12.136]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 240
Dear Coral Listers, Thought this might be of Interest?
Test Predicts Brain Injury Risk In Divers
MINNEAPOLIS (Reuters) -- A new test can detect if an individual
is at increased risk for brain injury while scuba diving,
according to a report presented here at the American Academy of
Neurology meeting.
For details, go to ...
http://www.intelihealth.com/news?184237&r=EMIHC000
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue May 23 21:04:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA26596; Sat, 23 May 1998 21:03:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA04554; Sat, 23 May 1998 21:05:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004546; Sat, 23 May 98 21:04:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA05922; Sat, 23 May 1998 23:54:07 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA05917; Sat, 23 May 1998 19:54:03 -0400
Received: from localhost (carlson@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id NAA07903
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 23 May 1998 13:49:08 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs
Date: Sat, 23 May 1998 13:49:08 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: carlson@iniki
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral sex change? (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980523134037.6395L-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 241
Here's a follow-up on the Sandalolitha spawning that I reported last month
(below).  This coral spawned on April 21,22 & 23 and spawned again on May
15, 16 & 17.  As in April, it produced only sperm (copious amounts!).
This coral definitely produced viable eggs in previous years as we were
able to rear them to the planula stage.  But now it appears to be
producing only sperm.  The second colony in this aquarium has always
produced sperm.  It did not spawn in April but did spawn on May 15 -- as a
male.
Bruce
************************************************************************
Date: Tue, 28 Apr 1998 20:35:03 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral sex change?
In 1982 I collected a Sandalolitha robusta coral in Palau.  In 1992 we
noticed it spawning.  It may have spawned in previous years and went
unnoticed, but since 1992 we have checked for spawning every year.
Spawning usually occurs a few days before the new moon in April at 7:00
am. This is in an indoor aquarium on display to the public.  There are
skylights overhead which is probably how it remains cued in to the phase
of the moon even indoors.
Last year we obtained fertile eggs which developed into planula (there is
a second smaller colony nearby which has always produced sperm). This year
we anxiously awaited the spawning event, cameras in hand and egg collectors
ready.  But instead of eggs, this year it produced sperm!  It spawned 3
days in a row and only produced sperm.  The other male colony did not
spawn this year.
Not sure what to make of this but we will check again in May because
occasionally it spawns over two months.
I haven't checked the literature on sex reversal in fungiid corals, or
corals in general, but would appreciate if others have encountered this
phenomenon in corals.  We definitely have never observed this coral
producing sperm in any of the previous years, and it definitely produced
no eggs this year at all.
Bruce
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 27 10:02:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA07487; Wed, 27 May 1998 10:01:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18994; Wed, 27 May 1998 10:04:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018988; Wed, 27 May 98 10:04:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA23957; Wed, 27 May 1998 12:17:22 GMT
Message-Id: <199805271217.MAA23957@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 26 May 1998 15:11:01 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Caroly Shumway <cshumway@bio.bu.edu>
Subject: rugosity index for habitat complexity
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 242
Dear coral-listers, I am looking for a reference that describes the
method for a "rugosity index" to assess habitat complexity of coral reefs,amd
hope that a kind soul out there might help. I understand that it uses the
measure of chain length to assess surface topology, but would very much like
to have a reference, if possible. I've checked BIOSIS and Aquatic Fisheries
Abstracts to no avail.
Many thanks in advance. Sincerely, Caroly Shumway, Ph.D.
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Caroly Shumway, Ph.D.
Boston University Marine Program and
The Center for Ecology and Conservation Biology
5 Cummington Street
Boston University
Boston, MA 02215
E-mail: cshumway@bu.edu, cashumway@aol.com
Ph: 617-353-6969
Fax: 401-769-4598
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 27 12:13:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09090; Wed, 27 May 1998 12:13:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA26262; Wed, 27 May 1998 12:15:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026253; Wed, 27 May 98 12:15:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA24717; Wed, 27 May 1998 15:19:09 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA24712; Wed, 27 May 1998 11:19:05 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA17997;
	Wed, 27 May 1998 11:11:43 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1315854593.65567@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 27 May 1998 11:16:49 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: rugosity index for habitat complexity
To: "Caroly Shumway" <cshumway@bio.bu.edu>
Cc: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA09090
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 243
        Reply to:   RE>rugosity index for habitat complexity
One measurement is the one that I have used in Panama.  It was published in:
     Eakin, C.M. Where have all the carbonates gone? A model comparison of calcium carbonate
        budgets before and after the 1982-1983 El Nino. Coral Reefs 15(2): 109-119.
The description follows:
	Three dimensional structure (i.e. topographic complexity) was determined by draping a brass chain along the bottom under lines bisecting the center of the quadrat on one of the surveys. The length of chain required to trace the surface under 1 m was recorded for both the east-west (x) and north-south (y) bisecting lines. This was used in adjusting the CaCO3 deposition by coralline algae
	Unlike the growth form of Pocillopora sp., which is three-dimensionally complex and imparts topographic complexity to the reef, crustose coralline algae form thin crusts that match the fine contours of the underlying substrata. Thus, the area occupied by coralline algae (three dimensional surface area) often is greater than their planar projection, requiring that the deposition rate per unit area measured on a smooth surface (1.9 kg/m2/y, Eakin 1992) be adjusted to quantify growth on natural substrata. Thus, the deposition by coralline algae on a smooth surface was multiplied by an areal adjustment based on topographic complexity:
     Areal Adjustment = 4/(1/x+1/y)2
where x and y are the two chain lengths (above) in meters. Actual adjustments for individual quadrats ranged from near 1.0 (flat) to 4.0.
------------------
A slightly different formulation was described in my dissertation:
   Eakin, C.M. 1991			The damselfish-algal lawn symbiosis and its influence on the bioerosion of an
     El Nino impacted coral reef, Uva Island, Pacific Panama.  Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. of Miami,
     Miami, 158p.
That description follows:
As variations in the complexity of substrata can be important in providing shelter, topographic complexity was determined as follows.  At the first 10 quadrats of the random walk surveys, a rigid 1 m2 quadrat, bisected in the x and y directions by rigid crossbars, was placed level with the uppermost surface of the substratum.  A brass chain was then draped along the bottom under one of the 1 m bisecting bars, so that it matched the rise and fall of the substratum.  The length of chain required to trace the surface under 1 m was recorded, and repeated for the second crossbar.  A single measure of topographic complexity was calculated for each quadrat as:
         topographic complexity = 1 - (1/x + 1/y)/2
where x and y are the two chain lengths in meters.  This yields values ranging from zero to asymptotically approaching unity.  As no surfaces in the field were perfectly flat and there were limits to the complexity of surfaces, the values ranged from near zero to 0.5, the latter indicating surfaces producing chain lengths twice that of their planar projections.
Good luck,
Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov
Check out the El Nino at http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso
***Note: Telephone extensions at OGP will change in mid-June
***My new extension will be 109
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 27 13:32:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA01848; Wed, 27 May 1998 13:32:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA29519; Wed, 27 May 1998 13:34:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029464; Wed, 27 May 98 13:33:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA25239; Wed, 27 May 1998 16:55:06 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA25234; Wed, 27 May 1998 12:55:02 -0400
Message-Id: <199805271655.MAA25234@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.22](130.111.160.22) by MAINE.maine.edu
   (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with TCP; Wed, 27 May 98 12:48:32 EDT
Subject: Re: rugosity index for habitat complexity
Date: Wed, 27 May 98 12:50:27 -0400
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
cc: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 244
Dear Caroly and other coral reefers,
  On measure of habitat complexity is the "spatial index" (Rogers et al
1983).  It involves stretching a floating (poly) line over the reef
marked at 1 m intervals.  Then under each interval you determine the
linear dimension of all components you can reach.  The chain link of a
known size is the easiest way to do this.  You count the number of links
of all components under each meter length and you get a summed value of
meters of reef per linear meter.  This Spatial Index (SI) is thus
expressed as m/m.
  My work in Jamaica and St. Croix (Steneck 1994) had 4 and 2.75  m/m at
3 and 10 m respectively in 1978 (the value dropped to 1.5 and 1.25 in
1982 after Hurricane Allen).  St. Croix  had around 2 and 1.5 m/m for 3
and 10 m respectively in 1988.  Obviously a featureless pavement will
have a value of 1 m/m.
Refs:
Rogers, C. S., Gilnack, M., Fits, H. C. 1983.  Monitoring of coral reefs
with linear transects: a study of storm damage.  J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol.
66: 285 - 300.
Steneck, R. S.  1994.  Is herbivore loss more damaging to reefs than
hurricanes?  Case studies from two Caribbean reef systems (1978 - 1988).
 pp  220 - 226. In: Ginsburg RN (ed) Proc Colloquium on Global Aspects of
Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards, and History, 1993.  Rosensteil School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
Cheers,
Bob Steneck
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 27 15:51:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA04474; Wed, 27 May 1998 15:51:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA04973; Wed, 27 May 1998 15:53:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004943; Wed, 27 May 98 15:52:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA26084; Wed, 27 May 1998 19:16:19 GMT
Message-Id: <199805271916.TAA26084@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 27 May 1998 08:45:27 -1000
To: Caroly Shumway <cshumway@bio.bu.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Rick Grigg <rgrigg@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu>
Subject: Re: rugosity index for habitat complexity
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 245
Dear Ms. Shumway,
	A reference in which a rugosity index is described can be found in:
	Grigg, R.W.  1994.  Effects of sewage discharge, fishing pressure and
habitat complexity on coral ecosystems and reef fishes in Hawaii.  Mar.
Ecol. Prog. Ser. 103:25-34.  See page 27.
							R. Grigg
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 27 21:13:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA06191; Wed, 27 May 1998 21:13:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA12850; Wed, 27 May 1998 21:16:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012844; Wed, 27 May 98 21:15:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA27686; Thu, 28 May 1998 00:34:07 GMT
Received: from engine2.netlink.net.mv by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA27681; Wed, 27 May 1998 20:34:00 -0400
Received: from LOCALNAME ([202.1.193.73]) by engine2.netlink.net.mv
          (post.office MTA v1.9.3 ID# 0-16330) with SMTP id AAA2647;
          Thu, 28 May 1998 05:24:24 +0500
Message-ID: <356D5751.4267@dhivehinet.net.mv>
Date: Thu, 28 May 1998 05:23:45 -0700
From: wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv (William Allison)
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02E-KIT  (Win16; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: cshumway@bu.edu, cashumway@aol.com
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: rugosity index for habitat complexity
References: <199805271217.MAA23957@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 246
Hello Caroly and others,
The chain method is beguiling but consider that two very different habitat scales may
produce the same index value. A section of reef with complex, small-scale topographic
variation (e.g., a section of Synarea rus) might produce the same "rugosity" value as a
section with a simpler pattern but larger scale variation (e.g., a few large Porites
colonies sitting on hardground).
Another approach involves measuring the vertical distance from a horizontal line to
substratum at intervals along the line - tie a weight to a tape measure. A sensitive
depth gauge might do the trick too depending on your precision needs. This approach
doesn't necessarily pick up complexity but might if you played with the intervals used.
You might find the following useful:
McCormick, M. (1994). Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and
their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage. MEPS 112: 87-96.
What you use will depend on your info needs and the time and effort you can or will
expend.
Good luck, its not a simple question.
Bill
--
William (Bill) R. Allison
Coral Reef Research and Management
Ma. Maadheli
Majeedhee Magu
Male 20-03
MALDIVES
ph 960 32 9667 (direct)
fx 960 32 6884 (voice, fax)
e-mail: wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 28 00:06:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA06734; Thu, 28 May 1998 00:06:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA14009; Thu, 28 May 1998 00:08:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014005; Thu, 28 May 98 00:08:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA28400; Thu, 28 May 1998 03:27:07 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA28394; Wed, 27 May 1998 23:27:02 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1049 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626320-16602>; Thu, 28 May 1998 11:20:35 +0800
Message-ID: <356CD8C0.D7963216@ust.hk>
Date: 	Thu, 28 May 1998 11:23:44 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Recipients of coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: rugosity index for habitat complexity
References: <199805271655.MAA25234@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 247
Depending on the scale that you are interested in, another approach may
be useful. Attach a downloadable dive computer such as the Aladin Pro to
a stick and as you move along your transect line hold the stick so that
the computer follows the substrate relief. The relief map can then be
printed out and stored as a standard file. This is supposed to be
accurate to +/- 10 cm. You need to check the speed of the computer
logger --  the Aladin Pro is set to log at a 20 second interval and if
this is too slow, it might be possible to request the manufacturer to
reset it to a faster recording speed.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Reef Check website: www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 28 05:03:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA07244; Thu, 28 May 1998 05:03:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA16092; Thu, 28 May 1998 05:05:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016088; Thu, 28 May 98 05:05:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA29281; Thu, 28 May 1998 08:08:22 GMT
Received: from mbox.wins.uva.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA29275; Thu, 28 May 1998 04:08:17 -0400
Received: from lek.wins.uva.nl
          by mbox.wins.uva.nl with ESMTP (sendmail 8.8.7/config 8.5).
          id KAA04336; Thu, 28 May 1998 10:02:57 +0200 (MET DST)
Received: from localhost
          by lek.wins.uva.nl (sendmail 8.8.7/config 8.5).
          id KAA26655; Thu, 28 May 1998 10:02:56 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-Id: <199805280802.KAA26655@lek.wins.uva.nl>
From: jaapk@wins.uva.nl (Jaap Kaandorp)
X-Organisation: Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics & Astronomy
                University of Amsterdam
                Kruislaan 403
                NL-1098 SJ Amsterdam
                The Netherlands
X-Phone:        +31 20 525 7463
X-Fax:          +31 20 525 7490
Subject: rugosity index for habitat complexity
To: cshumway@bio.bu.edu
Date: Thu, 28 May 1998 10:02:55 +0200 (MET DST)
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: ELM [version 2.4 PL25]
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 248
Dear Caroly Shumway,
A very suitable method (at least from a theoretical point of view, I do
not know if it is a very practical method in your case) to estimate the
degree of rugosity of a coral reef might be to measure the degree of space-
or plane filling of the reef. This can be done by analyzing the fractal
dimensions of photographs of the reef. The advantage of this method is that
you determine scale invariant properties, which can be directly related to
biological or physical properties of the reef. There is one reference in which
this method was applied in coral reefs:
Bradbury, R.H. and R.E. Reichelt, Fractal dimension of a coral reef at
ecological scales, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.10(2):169-172, 1983.
There are many references available in which this method was used to study
the shape of individual organisms or objects from physics:
M. Obert, Microbial growth patterns: fractal and kinetic
characteristics of patterns generated by a computer model to
simulate fungal growth, Fractals 1:354-374, 1993
E. Sander and L.M. Sander and R.M. Ziff, Fractals and fractal correlations
Computers in Physics 8(4):420-425, 1994
J.A. Kaandorp, Analysis and synthesis of radiate accretive growth in
three dimensions, J. Theor. Biol. 175:39-55, 1995
J.A. Kaandorp, C. Lowe, D. Frenkel and P.M.A. Sloot, The effect of nutrient
diffusion and flow on coral morphology, Phys. Rev. Lett.77(11):2328-2331,
1996
Best regards,
Jaap Kaandorp
Jaap Kaandorp
Parallel Scientific Computing and Simulation Group
Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science, Physics & Astronomy
University of Amsterdam
Kruislaan 403
1098 SJ Amsterdam
The Netherlands
Phone: +31 20 5257539 / +31 20 5257463
email: jaapk@wins.uva.nl
fax: +31 20 5257490
URL: http://www.wins.uva.nl/research/pscs/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 29 11:39:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA24167; Fri, 29 May 1998 11:37:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA09667; Fri, 29 May 1998 11:39:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009661; Fri, 29 May 98 11:39:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA06513; Fri, 29 May 1998 13:32:38 GMT
Received: from axil.eureka.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA06507; Fri, 29 May 1998 09:31:54 -0400
From: reefmonitor@eureka.lk
Received: from hkyxztrz ([206.152.141.83]) by axil.eureka.lk
          (post.office MTA v2.0 0813 ID# 0-17670) with SMTP id AAB22472;
          Fri, 29 May 1998 07:31:34 -0600
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19980529142819.00f4febc@eureka.lk>
X-Sender: reefmonitor@eureka.lk
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 29 May 1998 19:28:19 +0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleaching in South Asia
Cc: rohanart@bom3.vsnl.net.in, corneil@unigoa.ernet.in,
        Abdulla Naseer <marine@dhivehinet.net.mv>, g.grice@unesco.org,
        c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au, ucbtcem@ucl.ac.uk, arjan@nara.ac.lk,
        damon@frontier.mailbox.co.uk, suki@eureka.lk, dugong@md2.vsnl.net.in,
        reefwatch@usa.ne, bobpkcc@md2.vsnl.net.in, ioimas@md2.vsnl.net.in,
        wafar@csnio.ren.nic.in, lata@csnio.ren.nic.in, vhoon@hotmail.com,
        oddfish@slt.lk, rpeacock@netcomuk.co.uk,
        Sheila Vergara <S.VERGARA@cgnet.com>, ewood@globalnet.co.uk,
        Hollandczm@aol.com, a.halford@aims.gov.au, pmbcnet@phuket.ksc.co.th,
        john_baldwin@gbrmpa.gov.au, pd_sacep@eureka.lk, goreau@bestweb.net,
        lacadives@hotmail.com, Jose Dominic <casino@giasmd01.vsnl.net.in>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 249
Notice from the South Asia Regional Office of the
GLOBAL CORAL REEF MONITORING NETWORK
(GCRMN South Asia).
CORAL BLEACHING IN SOUTH ASIA
Below are a few preliminary reports of bleaching in the South Asia region
and some notes on near-future plans for assessing and documenting the same.
1. MALDIVES
Bleaching in Maldives appears to have been relatively severe in the
short-term though there are reportedly already signs of partial recovery. At
a recent GCRMN South Asia methods training workshop at Bandos Island in
north Male Atoll a limited quantitative exercise was run on the local
house-reef on May 12th using LITs. Mean percentages of hard corals wholly or
partially bleached on our transects were around 80% on the back reef down to
around 45% at 10m on the reef slope. Personal observations indicated that at
20-30m on the reef slope at least 30-40% of hard coral colonies looked to be
at least partially affected. A rapid one day assessment in mid-May by Dr
Danny Elder on behalf of the Ministry for Planning, Human Resources and
Environment confirmed these figures are more or less representative of North
Male Atoll as a whole. No assessments by coral reef specialists are yet
known to have been conducted in other atolls, but reports to the Marine
Research Section in Male from atoll offices and local sea-plane operators
indicate that highs level of bleaching have occurred throughout the Maldives.
Recovery? William Allison spent the third week in May in South Male and
Vaavu Atolls, both south of North Male Atoll. He did not witness the
original extent of bleaching at these sites but suspects some recovery is
beginning to take place, possibly as a result of currents from the SW
monsoon causing upwelling of cooler water on the south and west sides of
atolls. Porites spp. appear to be recovering best (or least affected?). Many
acroporids appears to have suffered mortality however.
2. SRI LANKA
A similar picture is emerging on the SW coast of Sri Lanka.  Prof. Suki
Ekaratne and co-workers of Colombo University have studied and reported over
70% bleaching at Hikkaduwa Marine Sanctuary, beginning from around the 10th
of April, 1998.  Bleaching impacts on a number of coral spp. were recorded
photographically continuing from work ongoing over several months at
Hikkaduwa. A paper has been prepared.
Photographs taken by Arjan Rajasuriya of the National Aquatic Resources
Agency (NARA) on around 25th April at Hikkaduwa appear to confirm bleaching
in excess of 80% on the reef flat - there is no reef slope as such at
Hikkaduwa. Rajasuriya also observed bleaching earlier in the year in Jan/Feb
on deeper offshore reefs off Colombo, in particular Goniopora colonies and a
large tract of soft coral (Dendronephthya sp.). In general though he notes
that soft corals appear to have resisted bleaching better than Scleractinia
during the recent major event.
The Sri Lanka Sub-Aqua Club reported that all hard coral colonies on a
sparsely colonised reef at Wellawatte on the south coast were bleached.
An informal report from a tourist diver on the NE coast of Sri Lanka
(Trincolamalee) in early May on the other hand did not notice any bleaching
effects, though he was not specifically looking out for them. It could be he
isn't very observant. Local aquarium fish collectors on the SE coast
(Battilacoa) reported noticeable bleaching at lower depths (around 20m) in
mid-May, so it may be that the NE has also been impacted by now. These two
reports are only semi-reliable.
3. INDIA
Dr Syed Ismail Koya of the Dept of Science, Technology and Environment in
Lakshadweep participated in the GCRMN training workshop in the Maldives in
early May and now reports that bleaching at Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep
appears similar to what he witnessed in the Maldives, but perhaps somewhat
less severe. Sea conditions are too rough for quantitative survey work at
present.
Rohan Arthur visited the Gulf of Kutch on the northerly Gujarat coast in
early-mid May. He has not yet analysed data from random quadrats but the
qualitative assessment is that bleaching varied between 10-30%. Bleaching
may yet worsen as warm water progresses north. Worth noting that corals in
Gulf of Kutch are not representative of other Indian or regional reefs;
their northerly location aside, corals there are severely stressed by
turbidity, sedimenation and probably hydrocarbon pollution.
4. FUTURE MONITORING PLANS
The SW monsoon will make it difficult to get into the water in many areas
but a number of in-water assessments are planned. To aid comparability, we
are encouraging researchers primarily to rely on LITs for local
quantification of bleaching.
In Maldives, the Marine Research Section, the Environment Research Unit,
William Allison and Danny Elder have all indicated they will try to get into
the field over the coming month or so and record quantitative or
semi-quantitative data. A group from UK associated with the Dunstanlab,
College of Charleston, South Carolina is also planning to visit Maldives in
July/August.
In Sri Lanka, Dr Suki Ekaratne is continuing bleaching assessment work at
Hikkaduwa with regular photography-backed studies on tagged corals. A short
paper reporting reef bleaching has already been prepared. NARA is planning
to visit several sites on the SW coast during the coming 10 days or so, and
possibly the east coast within the next month, to conduct LIT surveys. Arjan
Rajasuriya (of NARA) will repeat photograph the Hikkaduwa reef to assess
recovery of tagged colonies. Ruhuna University's Dept of Fisheries Biology
plans to monitor bleaching of Polhena reef on the south coast.
In India, Rohan Arthur hopes to visit Lakshadweep in June but may be
thwarted by the weather. GCRMN is supporting a pilot monitoring exercise in
Lakshadweep with Goa University in September to collect detailed baseline
data at Agatti Island. The National Institute of Oceanography plan to begin
a monitoring programme at Chetlat Island later in the year. Dr K
Venkataraman at the Marine Biological Station, Zoological Survey of India
and Dr AK Kumararguru at Madurai-Kamaraj University plan to co-ordinate LIT
surveys in the Gulf of Mannar and Dr Soundararajan will continue ongoing LIT
surveys in the Andamans during June/July.
GCRMN aims to compile an integrated report on bleaching in the South Asia
region as soon as information becomes available - by end of July at the
earliest. The material will also be included in the regional review paper to
be presented at ITMEMS in Townsville in November this year.
PLEASE NOTE: IF ANYONE IS PLANNING TO VISIT THE REGION EITHER TO CONDUCT
RESEARCH OR AS A DIVING TOURIST I WOULD BE VERY GRATEFUL IF THEY COULD
CONTACT ME AT DETAILS BELOW, PREFERABLY BEFOREHAND, BUT CERTAINLY AFTERWARDS
IF THEY HAVE ANYTHING TO REPORT ON THE STATE OF ANY REEFS THEY MAY VISIT. WE
WILL INCLUDE ANY INFO. IN FUTURE REGIONAL REPORTS ON THIS LIST. THANK YOU.
Will also be glad to faciliatate contact between coral-listers and South
Asia regional researchers, some do not have e-mail access.
Regards
--------------
Jason Rubens
Regional Co-ordinator
GCRMN South Asia
IOC-UNESCO/ UNEP/ IUCN
48 Vajira Road
Colombo 5
Sri Lanka
Tel: + 94 74 511166
Fax: + 94 1 580202
GCRMN South Asia is supported by DFID, UK
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 29 18:34:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA28387; Fri, 29 May 1998 18:34:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA26591; Fri, 29 May 1998 18:36:16 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026580; Fri, 29 May 98 18:35:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA08501; Fri, 29 May 1998 21:55:25 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA08496; Fri, 29 May 1998 17:55:20 -0400
Received: from damsel.bu.edu (DAMSEL.BU.EDU [128.197.80.199])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id RAA20914;
	Fri, 29 May 1998 17:49:45 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19980529215632.00a5d948@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: kava@bio.bu.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 29 May 1998 17:56:32 -0400
To: fish-sci@segate.sunet.se, fish-ecology@helios.ulpgc.es,
        coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kathryn Kavanagh <kava@bu.edu>
Subject: DNA degradation
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 250
I'm hoping someone can help me with a DNA problem, or refer me to someone
who might help:
We have been trying to isolate DNA from the pomacentrid fish _Acanthochromis
polyacanthus_.  Both frozen tissue and fin clips from live fish have
produced highly-degraded DNA, using a typical lysis/prot.K/phenol/chloroform
method of isolation.  The fin clip tissue was prepared immediately so there
was not much time for degradation.  Does anyone have any ideas about what
might be causing this problem?  Has anyone experienced a similar problem?
Any clues are greatly appreciated!!
_______________________________________________________________
Kathryn Kavanagh, Ph.D.
Research Associate	       email: kava@bu.edu
Department of Biology          office telephone:(617) 353-6992
Boston University              lab telephone: (617) 353-6965
5 Cummington St.               fax: (617) 353-6340
Boston, MA 02215
USA
________________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed May 31 21:59:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA05437; Sun, 31 May 1998 21:59:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA22730; Sun, 31 May 1998 22:01:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022724; Sun, 31 May 98 22:01:18 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA19050; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 00:46:00 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA19045; Sun, 31 May 1998 20:45:55 -0400
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.43.62]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 581-49008U190000L190000S0) with SMTP id AAA10950
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Mon, 1 Jun 1998 08:40:03 +0800
Message-ID: <3570A94B.EF1@tm.net.my>
Date: Sun, 31 May 1998 08:50:19 +0800
From: DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0GoldC-NSCP  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Red Tide Syndrome
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 251
Hello Coral-Lers,
Can anyone point me to data/pubs about any aspects of red tide
correlating with high nutrient coastal waters..and coral bleaching?
Is there any type of correlation?  High nutrient loads => weaker
coral/zoxx relationship?
Looking forward to replies.
Regards,
Don Baker
The Reef Project
Sabah, Malaysia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  1 08:58:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA07965; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 08:58:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02721; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 09:00:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002709; Mon, 1 Jun 98 09:00:27 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA21557; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 12:24:31 GMT
Message-Id: <199806011224.MAA21557@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sat, 30 May 1998 19:21:34 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: zakai david <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Subject: Coral Beach Nature Reserve at Eilat
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 252
I need help concerning a walkway that is constructed along the coast line
of Coral Beach Nature Reserve at Eilat, Israel. One of the problems with it
is light. Do anyone have any experience with such a project?? What are the
points that have to be addressed so the effects of light will have a
minimal damage? Are there any recommended wave lengths or light Intensity
that do not disturb biological processes on the reef??
Thanks for your time and effort,
David.
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  1 23:22:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA18418; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 23:22:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA12844; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 23:24:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012818; Mon, 1 Jun 98 23:23:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA25358; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 02:39:50 GMT
Received: from psych.Stanford.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA25353; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 22:39:45 -0400
Received: from [36.121.1.152] (mola.Stanford.EDU [36.121.1.152])
	by psych.Stanford.EDU (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id TAA11547
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 1 Jun 1998 19:34:05 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <v03102706b199150444b4@[36.121.1.152]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 1 Jun 1998 19:36:14 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Hans Hofmann <hans@psych.stanford.edu>
Subject: fish food measurments
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 253
Hello,
I am planning a field trip to Lake Tanganyika in Africa where I want to
study the behavior of certain cichlid fish. Since I am new to the water and
to fish (I used to work on crickets) I was wondering if anyone can help me
with the following problem:
I'd like to measure and compare the food content at different locations of
a given habitat (near the shore and in shore pools). The fish I am
interested in is Astatotilapia/Haplochromis burtoni. They eat detritus,
insects and everything that is not too big.
Do I measure plankton and assume this is a good monitor? Is light
transmission a good indicator? What about the food on the ground?
Any hints are greatly appreciated! Thank you!
Hans Hofmann
	* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
	Hans Hofmann
	Stanford University
	Department of Psychology
	Jordan Hall, Bldg. 420
	Stanford, CA 94305-2130
	phone: (650) 725-6362 (work)
		     366-4837 (home)
	fax:	     723-0881
	e-mail: hans@psych.stanford.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  2 09:57:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA22814; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 09:57:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA26820; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 09:59:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026800; Tue, 2 Jun 98 09:59:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA27846; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 13:10:04 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA27841; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 09:09:56 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA18488
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 09:01:54 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1315343946.73282@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 2 Jun 1998 09:06:09 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: NSF International Announcements
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA22814
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 254
                           Subject:                         Time:   9:00 AM
                           NSF International Announcements  Date:   6/2/98
FYI.  Please contact the people listed in the message as I am only forwarding this off of a bulletin board.
Mark
--------------------------------------
From:
                            NSF Custom News Service
                  Subj:
                            NSF Program Deadlines
                  Date:
                            Mon, 01 Jun 1998 12:04:38 -0400
              June 15, 1998--
              U.S.-France Cooperative Science Program. Annual Deadline for U.S.
              Proposals to NSF. (Brochure NSF 96-14.) Supports cooperative research and
              joint workshops. A French collaborator must submit a parallel proposal to
              the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) by June 15, 1998.
              Contact Ms.Rose Bader Gombay in the Division of International Programs by
              phone, 306-1702, or by e-mail, rgombay@nsf.gov.
              [P.T.34,42; K.W.0112045.]
              U.S.-Germany Cooperative Research Co-Sponsored by the German Academic
              Exchange Service (DAAD). Annual Deadline. (Brochure NSF 96-14.) Supports
              cooperative research and joint workshops with researchers at German
              universities. A German collaborator must submit a parallel proposal to the
              DAAD. Contact Dr. Mark Suskin in the Division of International Programs by
              phone, 306-1702, or by e-mail, msuskin@nsf.gov.
              [P.T.26,34; K.W.0112050.]
              U.S.-Japan Cooperative Research and Joint Seminars. Annual Deadline.
              (Brochure NSF 96-14.) This program accepts proposals for cooperative
              research projects and joint seminar activities. Contact the Division of
              International Programs by phone, 306-1701, or by e-mail, jkpinfo@nsf.gov.
              [P.T.34,42; K.W.0112070.]
              July 1, 1998--
              U.S.-Korea Cooperative Science Program. Annual Deadline. (Brochure NSF
              96-14.) Supports cooperative research and joint seminars. A Korean
              collaborator must submit a parallel proposal to the Korea Science and
              Engineering Foundation (KOSEF). Contact the Division of International
              Programs by phone, 306-1701, or by e-mail, jkpinfo@nsf.gov.
              [P.T.34; K.W.0112074.]
              September 1, 1998--
              Cooperative Activities with Africa, the Near East, and South Asia.
              Semi-Annual Deadline. (Brochure NSF 96-14.) Cooperative research and joint
              workshops involving partners in countries in these regions, and
              dissertation enhancement proposals (for fieldwork at a site in most of
              these countries). Support for planning visits is limited, and proposed
              visits should be discussed with the program manager prior to submission.
              Request for support of an international collaborative activity may be
              included as an integral part of proposals to Foundation-wide programs such
              as POWRE, CAREER, and REU, and such proposals should be submitted to those
              programs at their respective deadlines. Contact the Division of
              International Programs by phone, 306-1707, or by e-mail, tlbutler@nsf.gov.
              A component of this program is the U.S.-India Cooperative Research
              activity. NSF's new joint program with the Department of Science and
              Technology (DST) supports the linkage costs for cooperative research
              projects and workshops that meet NSF and DST criteria. Proposals must be
              submitted simultaneously to DST by the Indian collaborator and to NSF by
              the U.S. researcher. Contact Dr. Marjorie Lueck in the Division of
              International
              Programs by phone, 306-1707, or by e-mail, mlueck@nsf.gov.
              [P.T.34,40,42;K.W.0101000,0103000,0103003,0103007,0112
              061.]
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  2 11:37:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA25977; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 11:37:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA02659; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 11:39:17 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002577; Tue, 2 Jun 98 11:38:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA28271; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 14:47:34 GMT
Received: from server2.cwjamaica.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA28265; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 10:47:23 -0400
Received: from internet.compaq (port006.toj.com [204.117.176.106])
	by server2.cwjamaica.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA21212
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 2 Jun 1998 09:40:16 -0500 (EST)
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980602094419.006af170@mail.toj.com>
X-Sender: avk.uneprcuja@mail.toj.com (Unverified)
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Tue, 02 Jun 1998 09:44:19 -0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri <avk.uneprcuja@toj.com>
Subject: Symposium reminder
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA25977
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 255
Dear Coral listers:
This is the second reminder for the ITMEMS Symposium in Australia in
November 1998. If interested please read and in particular for tentative
participants from the Wider Caribbean Region:
ICRI: Reminder on ITMEMS
As you are probably aware the International Tropical Marine Ecosystems
Management Symposium (ITMEMS) will be held in Townsville, Australia, 23-26
November 1988
ITMEMS will provide a forum for the review and evaluation of the
implementation of the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI).  The
review will be conducted within a framework of the four ICRI cornerstones:
Integrated Management, Capacity Building, Monitoring and Review.   The
Symposium will also provide an opportunity to identify shortcomings in the
global ICRI strategy and for delegates to give guidance to the Secretariat
and ICRI partners on the future direction of the initiative.  ITMEMS will
complement the International Coral Reef Symposia (ICRS, which take place
every four years) by bringing together coral reef management practitioners
and policy makers from around the world to discuss their concerns.
The Symposium structure is designed to meet the particular needs of
management. It is based around the priority issues and needs for
conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs and associated ecosystems
as identified through the ICRI process.  These will provide the focus for a
series of interactive, action-oriented workshops that are designed to share
practical experiences and draw lessons through case study examples from
around the world.  The capacity of tropical marine ecosystem managers and
policy makers to develop and implement management initiatives for coral
reefs and associated ecosystems will be enhanced through this process.
ITMEMS will make a major contribution to ocean management in 1998 and will
be one of the premier events during the United Nations International Year
of the Ocean.
Symposium Objectives
 To review actions taken to date on a global and regional basis to
implement the objectives of ICRI as outlined in the Call to Action and
Framework for Action
 To identify gaps in the global approach of ICRI to stop the degradation
of coral reefs and related ecosystems
 To provide direction for the future implementation of ICRI
 To share experiences and lessons amongst coral reef managers and policy
makers of recent developments in the conservation and sustainable use of
coral reefs and related ecosystems.
Results
 An understanding of progress made since the Dumaguete City workshop to
stop the global degradation of coral reefs
 A renewed commitment on a continuing global basis, to apply the four ICRI
elements:  Integrated Management, Capacity Building, Monitoring and Review
 Enhanced capacity to develop and implement coral reef management
initiatives.
Products
 Symposium documentation, including status reports and case study examples
from each of the ICRI regions
 Working Group summaries of lessons learned and future challenges arising
from the case studies
 An agreed action statement and communique for ICRI global direction over
the next four years.
Participation from the Wider Caribbean
UNEP's Regional Co-ordinating Unit for the Caribbean Environment Programme
as regional contact point for ICRI is assisting in coordinating regional
participation at ITMEMS and securing funding for this purpose.  If you are
interested in attending and/or in presenting a case study from the region
please contact: Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri, UNEP, 14-20 Port Royal Street,
Kingston, Jamaica, Ph (876) 922-9267, Fax (876) 922-9292, Email:
avk.uneprcuja@toj.com
For further information on ITMEMS contact:
Symposium Management Company
HARVEY EVENTS GROUP PTY LTD
P.O. Box 1811 Attkenvale
Qld 4814 Australia
Telephone: (61) 0747715755	Facsimilie: (61) 0747715455
ICRI Web: http;//www.gbrmpa.gov.au/~icri/secretariat/itmems
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun  3 09:12:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA07787; Wed, 3 Jun 1998 09:12:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA13759; Wed, 3 Jun 1998 09:14:17 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013706; Wed, 3 Jun 98 09:13:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA04285; Wed, 3 Jun 1998 12:16:33 GMT
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 1998 12:16:33 GMT
Message-Id: <199806031216.MAA04285@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Maria <mariam@ap.net.hk>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Marine Protected Areas
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 256
Hi coral-listers,
I am looking for information about any GOOD conferences or workshops
that anyone might know about on the subject of Marine Protected Areas,
with a coral reef slant.
Any info most gratefully received.  Thanks.  My email is
mariam@ap.net.hk.
Regards
Maria
--
------------------------------------
Maria Milicich, PhD
Rm 902, Kai Wong Commercial Building,
222-226 Queens Rd Central, Sheung Wan
Hong Kong
Ph: (852) 2543 4550
Fax: (852) 2543 4550
Mobile: 93020053
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  4 03:06:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA17651; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 03:06:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA26863; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 03:08:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026857; Thu, 4 Jun 98 03:08:48 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA08509; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 06:27:47 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA08504; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 02:27:37 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id OAA27604
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 14:16:03 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    5 Jun 98 01:24:13 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 5 Jun 98 01:23:53 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    5 Jun 98 01:23:47 +0700
From: "COREMAP BAPPEDA TK.I RIAU" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: <-@ns2.wasantara.net.id>
Subject: Underwater Exhibition
Date: Thu, 19 Mar 1998 11:09:23 +0700
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <37656F03DF@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 257
To : Coral listings
	In order to comemorate and celebrate The International Year of Ocean  1998
and The National Environmental Day 1998, We are the Coral Reef
Rehabilitation and Management Project (COREMAP) First Level Planning and
Development Board of Riau Province, Sumatera, Indonesia will conduct the
Underwater Exhibition with Themes " Monetary Crisis Not Reason To Conserve
Nature " in Pekanbaru, Riau June 1998.
	The Exhibition will present the underwater ecosystem such as coral reef,
fish etc. And we will present all of activities that close related to the
water resources.
And in order to riches of the material that will be presented to community
, we need your help to send your literature or others such foto, posters,
compact disc (CD) and video about underwater living. We need help from all
concern parties.
	Hope you read this message, and decide something to help us.
Thank's for your attention.
Best regards,
WIJAYANTO
Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project (COREMAP)
First Level Planning and Development Board of Riau Province.
Jln. Cut Nya' Dhien Pekanbaru - Riau
Sumatera - Indonesia
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
rutc@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  4 12:59:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA03158; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 12:58:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA14604; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 13:01:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014556; Thu, 4 Jun 98 13:00:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA10733; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 16:08:55 GMT
Received: from hil-img-10.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA10728; Thu, 4 Jun 1998 12:08:49 -0400
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by hil-img-10.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.11) id MAA25747;
	Thu, 4 Jun 1998 12:01:56 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 1998 12:01:31 -0400
From: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
Subject: Bleaching in Southern Arabia
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "(unknown)" <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>,
        Alan Strong - Bleaching <astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov>,
        Reef Monitor <reefmonitor@eureka.lk>
Message-ID: <199806041201_MC2-3F29-7F9B@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA03158
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 258
BLEACHING IN DHOFAR PROVINCE, SOUTHERN OMAN, ARABIAN SEA
BACKGROUND
The greatest development of coral communities along this mainland coast of
southern Oman occur at the Mirbat peninsular centred at Rahaa (N16 56.6
E054 48.3) where incipient fringing reefs have formed. Elsewhere in
Dhofar, coral communities grow on rocky substrates without accreting reef
framework. This region is affected by intense upwelling of cold,
nutrient-rich water during the SE monsoon season between June and September
when surface temperatures drop as low as 18. The Dhofar region supports
the greatest diversity of corals in Oman waters, where a total of 42 genera
are known to occur.
BLEACHING
Extensive bleaching was observed at eight sites around the Mirbat peninsula
between 22nd and 26th May 1998 just prior to the onset of the SE monsoon
season. Recorded surface sea water temperatures at these sites varied
between 29.5 and 31.5C. Approximately 40  kilometres to the east at Sudh
(approx N16 59.5 E055 10.5) surface sea water temperature was recorded at
25C during the same period. No bleaching was observed at this site or any
other site (N=6) in this area where surface seawater temperatures varied
between 25 and 25.5C.
Genera affected included Acropora, Porites, Favia, Favites, Goniopora,
Coscinarea, Pavona, Montipora, Pocillopora, Leptastrea, Cyphastrea and
Stylophora. Water depths to a maximum of 5 metres were surveyed. Stylophora
appears to be one of the most abundant of coral genera growing in shallow
waters (1-2 metres depth) in the area. All colonies of this genus were
found to be bleached. Between 75% and 95% of all other coral genera
observed were bleached. 50% of large colonies (>1m diameter) of Porites
were partially bleached. Epiphytic algal growth was observed on recently
dead Porites, Acropora and Cyphastrea colonies. Approximately 95% of coral
colonies examined were still living despite the expulsion of zooxanthellae.
No bleaching has been observed or reported in the Muscat Area, Gulf of Oman
(N23 37.7 E058 34.9, approx 1000km to the NE) where surface seawater
temperatures at 2 sites on 4th June were recorded as 30.5 and 30 C.
Robert Baldwin and Simon Wilson
PO Box 2531
CPO 111
Seeb
OMAN
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun  5 16:54:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA12393; Fri, 5 Jun 1998 16:54:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA07039; Fri, 5 Jun 1998 16:56:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007020; Fri, 5 Jun 98 16:55:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA02145; Tue, 5 May 1998 19:57:30 GMT
Received: from earth.usgcrp.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA02140; Tue, 5 May 1998 15:57:26 -0400
Received: from [131.182.242.89] (usgcrp89.usgcrp.gov [131.182.242.89])
	by earth.usgcrp.gov (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id OAA06047;
	Fri, 5 Jun 1998 14:51:42 -0400
X-Sender: tsocci@earth.usgcrp.gov
Message-Id: <v02140b0ab19dff848ae8@[131.182.242.89]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 1998 16:04:45 -0400
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
Subject: June 11th US Global Change Research Program Seminar: "Development of Asian
 Mega-Cities: Environmental, Economic, Social, and Health Implications"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 259
                  U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series
   Development of Asian Mega-Cities: Environmental, Economic, Social, and
                                     Health Implications
What are the current and projected trends in Asian mega-cities with respect
to greenhouse gas emissions, ground-level ozone pollution, energy use,
sulfur dioxide aerosols, and population in the next 20, 50, and 100 years?
Should air pollution and climate change be treated as separate issues?  How
much of a risk does air pollution currently pose to human health in Asia?
What are the prospects for the future?  Are there an array of
cost-effective options available to simultaneously address the issues of
human-induced climate change and air pollution?
                                                          Public Invited
                                       Thursday, June 11, 1998, 3:15-4:45 PM
           NEW LOCATION - Dirksen Senate Office Bldg., Room 628, Washington, DC
                                                      Reception Following
INTRODUCTION
Dr. Jack A. Kaye, Manager, Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis
Program, Office of Earth Science, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, Washington, DC
SPEAKERS
Dr. Gregory R. Carmichael, Department of Chemical and Biochemical
Engineering, and Co-Director of the Center for Global & Regional
Environmental Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
Dr. F. Sherwood Rowland, Recipient of the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,
and the Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry and Earth System
Science, University of California, Irvine, CA
                                             OVERVIEW
Asia and, in particular, Asian mega-cities, are some of the most dynamic
and diverse regions of the world. As the poorer regions strive to catch up
to the more developed ones, the environment is often caught in the middle,
and in some cases given cursory attention. Awareness is mounting of the
need for cooperation at local, regional, and international levels in
addressing many of Asia's environmental problems, because Asian development
will have profound impacts on the environment, in Asia and well beyond.
Fueled by high population growth and vibrant economies, energy consumption
in Asia  currently represents ~20% of the world total, and it is estimated
that its share will grow to 30% by 2015.  Because fossil fuels will provide
much of this energy, emissions of greenhouse gases  and air pollutants such
as sulfur and nitrogen oxides and particulates are projected to
dramatically increase.  During 1990-1996,  total energy-related carbon
emissions in East Asia grew at an average rate of 4.5% per year compared to
the world average of 0.6% per year. Over the last two decades, China's SO2
(sulfur dioxide) emissions have grown by more than a factor of three, and
this trend is expected to continue, with Asia-wide emissions projected to
increase by another factor of two to three between now and 2020.
                               Asian Development and the Environment
The impacts of Asia's growth in emissions will have wide-ranging
consequences. Acid precipitation is an illustrative example. China's
National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPA) recently released a report
indicating that economic losses due to acid rain damage to forests and
farmland are now estimated at $13.25 billion annually, five times higher
than initially assessed in 1996.  The long range transport and fate of
pollutants away from Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and
political concern because countries are receiving increasing amounts of
pollutants from neighboring and even distant countries. The recent episodes
of severe smoke and haze throughout Southeast Asia underscore this point.
Another key dynamic in Asia is the urban environment.  As subsistence
workers migrate from rural areas to the cities in search of relief, urban
populations are growing faster than the national averages.  Asia presently
has ~1 billion urban dwellers, and this number is expected to rise to
nearly 3 billion in 2025.  The ten Mega Cities (populations greater than 10
million) will then account for ~40% of their country's GNP (gross national
product). Though reliable monitoring and health effects data are lacking in
many cases, indications are that damage to human health and well-being from
poor air quality (both in and out of doors) is extensive. Without strong
intervention the situation will inevitably worsen.
The emissions of chlorofluorocarbons and carbon dioxide contribute to well
known global atmospheric problems.  However, when local pollution problems
are numerous enough, they can grow to create global problems.  The increase
in tropospheric ozone (low- or ground-level ozone) concentrations provides
a particularly clear example of this globalization of pollution.  The basic
ingredients in the formation of ozone in the urban atmosphere are now
well-established: partially-burned hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and
sunlight.  The motorization of urban environments all around the world has
produced local smog, including ground-level ozone, in hundreds of cities.
Ozone formation continues in the urban plumes extending downwind from the
cities in which emissions occur, until the components are diluted below
critical concentration levels.  However, when the dilution has not been
completed by the time the plume enters the next city, the pollution is
converted from a local problem into a regional problem. The growth in
emissions in eastern Asia, in particular, has now advanced so that the
regional problems are coalescing further into zonal problems affecting all
locations within a particular latitude zone, e.g., between 25 degrees N and
50 degrees N latitudes. A similar zonal problem exists in the southern
hemisphere, driven largely by the extensive burning there of forests and
agricultural wastes.
While projections based on current growth and present environmental
protection and practices paint a very pessimistic picture, the growth in
emissions in Asia will most certainly not follow these projections. There
has already been a (temporary) downturn in several of the "Tiger" economies
(with the result that growth in regional carbon emissions may slow to 2% in
1998) and countries such as China are introducing experimental emission
control systems and are beginning to establish regulations to more
aggressively curb emissions of some pollutants. There are also ways to
decouple energy growth from economic and population growth. Economic growth
will not be equal across economic sectors, and the energy-intensive
industrial sector is projected to grow less rapidly than the service
sector, which has lighter energy demands. Growth in the transportation
sector in Asia is very rapid, and, as a result,  photochemical smog
problems in Asian cities are on the rise.  Without intervention the
contribution of motor vehicles to energy use and emissions will rise
dramatically.
Energy efficiency improvements are also important.  In Asia, it is
estimated that energy efficiency has the potential to reduce the growth in
energy use and emissions in 2020 by 30%; even with these improvements in
energy efficiency emissions will still double by the year 2020.  Efficient,
low-polluting technologies for the combustion of fossil fuels and for the
treatment of effluent gases offer a substantial opportunity over the next
20 to 30 years to help meet the expanding energy needs and to help limit
the environmental damage. The use of advanced control technologies, for
example, could reduce the emissions of SO-2 below current levels, albeit at
high cost (~$90 billion annually).
The pressing environmental problems of urban pollution and climate change
in Asia are closely linked problems sharing common causes and solutions.
The fact that air pollution problems and greenhouse gas emissions arise
largely from fossil fuel combustion and the important role of aerosols in
both air pollution and climate change are illustrative examples. In Asia,
it will be particularly important to develop energy/emissions policies
which recognize the need for near-term benefits and that choices made in
changing energy usage may have different climate change and health
outcomes. In the urban environments of Asia, efforts to reduce emissions
and to use less energy  can have significant health benefits at rather low
per capita costs ($10 to $50 per person protected).  From a health
perspective the benefits of a one-ton reduction in particulate emissions
from  household stoves are estimated to be at least 40 times greater than
those from coal-fired power plants. Furthermore, shifting from coal fired
power plants to natural gas has larger health benefits than climate
benefits, while shifting from coal power to hydroelectric results in the
same percentage reduction in health effects and greenhouse gas emissions
reductions.
There are a variety of steps that can be taken to help reduce the
environmental impacts of Asian development. While no single action will be
sufficient, the diversity of Asia offers substantial potential for
improvement by focusing strategies on specific fuels, technologies,
economic sectors, emission sources and ecologically sensitive ecosystems.
The expansion and replacement of the energy infrastructure that will be
required to meet  projected Asian development also offers great
opportunities to implement these strategies.  The differences in
cost-effective emission reductions in Asia (e.g., $3,600 per ton of SO2
reduced in Japan and $400-$500 per ton in China) also offer a mechanism for
the region as a whole, for coordinating emission control strategies.
                                                  Biographies
Dr. Gregory R. Carmichael is a professor in the Department of Chemical &
Biochemical Engineering, and is Co-Director of the Center for Global &
Regional Environmental Research at the University of Iowa. His main
research interests are the development and application of models for the
analysis of long-range transport of acidic and photochemical pollutants on
urban, regional and global scales. He has worked extensively on  issues of
long range transport of pollutants in Asia, and the impact of Asian
development on the environment. He has received support for his work on
Asia from the National Science Foundation (NSF), NASA, NOAA (Global Change
Program), DOE, The World Bank, and the Asian Development Bank. Dr.
Carmichael has over 120 refereed journal publications, serves on numerous
editorial boards, is past chair of the American Meteorological Society's
Committee on Atmospheric Chemistry, and serves as a consultant to the World
Meteorological Organization (WMO) on issues related to Asia.  He is
presently working with WMO on issues related to the recent Indonesian
forest fires and acid deposition.
Dr. F. Sherwood Rowland is the Donald Bren Research Professor of Chemistry
at the University of California at Irvine, where he arrived in 1964 as the
first chair of the Department of Chemistry. Since  1994, Dr. Rowland has
also been serving as the elected Foreign Secretary of the National Academy
of Sciences.  Prior to his arrival at UC-Irvine, Dr. Rowland had held
faculty positions at Princeton University and the University of Kansas.  He
earned his bachelor's degree from Ohio Wesleyan University and his master's
and doctoral degrees from the University of Chicago.  More than 50
scientists have received Ph.D. degrees under his direction.  Dr. Rowland's
research specialty is atmospheric chemistry and radiochemistry.  With
colleague Dr. Mario Molina, he was the first scientist to warn that
chlorofluorocarbons released into the atmosphere were depleting the Earth's
stratospheric ozone layer.  Research on CFCs and stratospheric ozone
eventually led, in 1987, to the United Nations Montreal Protocol, the first
international agreement for controlling and ameliorating environmental
damage to the global atmosphere.  The terms of the Montreal Protocol were
later strengthened in 1992 to attain a complete phaseout of further CFC
production by the year 1996.  Dr. Rowland has also been investigating the
impact of methane gas (CH-4) on the atmosphere.  Methane is another potent
greenhouse gas whose atmospheric concentration has doubled in the past two
centuries.  Presently, Dr. Rowland's research group is investigating the
hydrocarbon and halocarbon composition of the atmosphere both from aircraft
in remote locations and on the surface in heavily polluted cities.
Dr. Rowland is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences.  In 1983, he and Dr. Molina received
both the Tyler World Prize in Ecology and Energy, and the Award for
Creative Advances in Environmental Science and Technology of the American
Chemical Society.  In 1987,  Dr. Rowland received the Charles A. Dana Award
for Pioneering Achievements in Health, and in 1988, he was made a member of
the Global 500, the Honor Roll of the United Nations Environment Programme.
In 1989, he received the Japan Prize in Environmental Science and
Technology, and in 1994 he received the Albert Einstein Prize of the World
Cultural Council.  From 1991-1993, he served successive one-year terms as
President-Elect, President, and Chairman of the Board of the American
Association for the Advancement of Science.  In 1993 Dr. Rowland was
awarded the American Chemical Society's Peter Debye Medal in Physical
Chemistry, and in 1994, he was awarded the Roger Revelle Medal of the
American Geophysical Union.  In 1995, he shared the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry with Mario Molina and Paul Crutzen.
The Next Seminar is tentatively scheduled for Monday, July 20, 1998
Planned Topic: Ozone Depletion and the Montreal Protocol:  Historic Trends,
                                Present Status, and Future Projections.
For more information please contact:
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  A complete archive of seminar summaries can also be
found at this site.  Normally these seminars are held on the second Monday
of each month.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun  6 22:48:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA17306; Sat, 6 Jun 1998 22:48:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA24593; Sat, 6 Jun 1998 22:50:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024587; Sat, 6 Jun 98 22:50:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA02259; Thu, 7 May 1998 01:25:44 GMT
Received: from isurus.mote.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA02254; Wed, 6 May 1998 21:25:40 -0400
Received: from hal.conch.net by isurus.mote.org  with smtp
	(Linux Smail3.2.0.92 #2) id m0yiUGL-0011Q9C; Sat, 6 Jun 1998 21:28:45 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Sat, 6 Jun 1998 21:31:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: FISH-SCI list <FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se>,
        Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>
Subject: Tortugas Ecological Reserve
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.980606212012.15638H-100000@hal.conch.net>
X-X-Sender: emueller@isurus.mote.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 260
Dear colleagues with an interest in the Dry Tortugas,
As you may be aware, the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has begun
the process of establishing an Ecological Reserve (no take) in the Dry
Tortugas area. This would extend beyond the Dry Tortugas N.P., most likely
in the Tortugas Bank area. As a member of the Tortugas 2000 Working Group
representing the research community (by virtue of a similar mandate on teh
Sanctuary Advisory Council), I would like to solicit input from those
interested in this process, especially those who have worked, or plan to,
in this area.
I would appreciate hearing your thoughts and ideas concerning the Reserve
such as areas that would be particularly valuable to include. For
example, fish spawning areas or critical habitat. There are no "lines
on the map" yet and this is your opportunity to have input into the
Reserve definition.
The location of research sites is of great interest along with
a brief desciption of work done there. If you feel that any locations are
particularly sensitive and should NOT be generally disclosed, please
indicate that and such information will be treated accordingly.
Thank you for your consideration,
Erich Mueller
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center   Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL   33050
Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
           http://www.mote.org
Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun  7 15:58:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA19060; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 15:58:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA02591; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 16:00:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002587; Sun, 7 Jun 98 16:00:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA01842; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 18:26:08 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA01837; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 14:26:00 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA18842 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 14:25:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA01895; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 14:27:30 -0400
Received: from smtp1.erols.com(207.172.3.234) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001886; Sun, 7 Jun 98 14:27:15 -0400
Received: from erols.com (207-172-34-73.s10.as10.rkv.erols.com [207.172.34.73])
	by smtp1.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id OAA01049
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 7 Jun 1998 14:26:56 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <357ADB13.2FCBE108@erols.com>
Date: Sun, 07 Jun 1998 14:25:23 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: What is a coral reef?
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 261
Dear Coral Listers,
I am in the process of collecting definitions of the term 'coral reef'
or the more restrictive term: 'tropical coral reef'.  Clearly this is a
problem that has bothered coral-reef people for years and most of the
time we simply ignore it.  The subject came up briefly in Boston, and
we  really don't seem to have any reasonable definition.
I think that, if I can collect enough definitions from enough people, I
may be able to form a 'membership' function based on ideas and concepts
taken from fuzzy logic.  This would allow one to evaluate some object
and compute its membership in the class of objects which we would call
'coral reefs' or 'tropical coral reefs'.  The membership function would
range from 0 (not even a little bit like a coral reef) to 1 (a bona
fide, real-life, absolutely-no-question) coral reef.
I would appreciate hearing from anyone with their particular definition,
or definitions which they have found in the literature.  (For example,
your definition might be a syllogism: I am a coral-reef scientist.  The
things I study are coral reefs.  Therefore, this thing I am studying is
a coral reef.)
It would be nice (but not necessary) if the definitions included some
quantitative attribute, for example size, calcification rate, species
composition or some such.  I don't mean that I am looking for numbers,
just things that are potentially quantifiable.
If I receive sufficient responses, I will provide a digest of
definitions to the list.
Thanks in advance.
Please respond directly to:
jware@erols.com
John Ware
SeaServices, Inc.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  8 10:40:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA23304; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 10:40:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18634; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 10:43:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018599; Mon, 8 Jun 98 10:42:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA05540; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 12:51:08 GMT
Message-Id: <199806081251.MAA05540@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 1998 10:50:32 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "E.P.H.E." <epheconf@univ-perp.fr>
Subject: Student Travel Award
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 262
Announcement :
I.S.R.S. STUDENT TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM (STAP)
	 At the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, held in Panama
24-28 June 1996, the Council of the International Society for Reef Studies
(ISRS) approved a - STUDENT TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM ( STAP) for the South
(India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives and Bangladesh) and South East Asia
(Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) area.
Awards for other reef areas may also be provided in future years.
	The ISRS European meeting, to be held in Perpignan, France, 1-4
September 1998 has been selected as the first meeting to receive travel
funds under the STUDENT TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM (STAP)
STUDENT TRAVEL AWARD PROGRAM (STAP) ANNOUNCEMENT :
	A- Round trip airfare (up to US $1200) will be covered by ISRS,
with student food/lodging/fees covered by the meeting host.
	B- Applicants must respond by 10th July 1998 to meeting host and
include abstract of oral paper or poster (no more than 500 words, including
presentation title, name of author and address) that will be presented at
the meeting.
	C- Applicants should also arrange for two letters of recommendation
from their major professors relative to their graduate student status and
active current involvement with coral reef research in the field and/or
laboratory. Such letters also to reach meeting host no later than 10th July
1998.
	D- For this first ISRS Travel Award, only the students from  the
South (India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Maldives and Bangladesh) and South East
Asia (Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam)
area can apply.
	E- Please answer to the meeting host :
	Rene GALZIN
	Convenor ISRS European Meeting
	Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
	Universit=E9 de Perpignan
	66860 Perpignan Cedex, France
	Telephone : (33) 4 68 66 20 55
	Fax : (33) 4 68 50 36 86
 	Email : epheconf@univ-perp.fr
	Thank you,
	Rene GALZIN
	Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
	Universit=E9 de Perpignan
	52, Av. de Villeneuve
	66860 - Perpignan Cedex  FRANCE
	Tel. : (33) 4 68 66 20 55
	Fax : (33) 4 68 50 36 86
	e-mail : epheconf@univ-perp.fr
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  8 21:04:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA02273; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 21:03:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA14360; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 21:06:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014355; Mon, 8 Jun 98 21:05:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA08108; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 23:22:02 GMT
Received: from oj.rsmas.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA08103; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 19:21:58 -0400
From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
Received: from gnsbrg.rsmas.miami.edu (gnsbrg.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.103.80])
	by oj.rsmas.miami.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id TAA18268
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 19:22:34 -0400
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980608192538.008965f0@oj.rsmas.miami.edu>
X-Sender: ginsburg@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Mon, 08 Jun 1998 19:25:38 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re:  'Blue' coral
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 263
>From: "Patrick Mitchell-Jones" <Patrick.Mitchell-Jones@cds-group.com>
>Organization: CDS Group
>Date: Fri, 5 Jun 1998 09:16:11 +0000
>Subject: Re:  'Blue' coral
>Reply-to: patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
>X-Confirm-Reading-To: patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
>
>
>Whilst diving in the Maldives (North Ari Atoll) recently, I
>commented on the large number of 'Blue' and Blue tipped' coral
>growths which have previously been white/cream. Some appeared to be
>turning pale blue from the tip downwards, others had patches of blue.
> These coral colonies appeared to be random (various depths and
>sites) and not limited to a single species. The local dive rep stated
>that he had been informed that these corals went blue prior to death.
>If this is the case, there are a large number of deaths about to
>take place!  I suspect that the colouration is more to do with the
>lifecycle of the polyps, perhaps their spawning but I have been
>unable to find any informatiion on this. Can you provide any?
>
>Many thanks in anticipation,
>
>
>Patrick Mitchell-Jones.
>patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
Robert N. Ginsburg
Professor of Marine Geology
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4875  FAX: (305) 361-4094 or 4632
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  8 22:17:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA02529; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 22:17:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA15292; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 22:19:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015288; Mon, 8 Jun 98 22:18:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA08478; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 01:12:06 GMT
Received: from netcom13.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA08473; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 21:12:02 -0400
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom13.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id SAA01155;
	Mon, 8 Jun 1998 18:12:59 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 1998 18:12:58 -0700 (PDT)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: 'Blue' coral
To: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <3.0.5.32.19980608192538.008965f0@oj.rsmas.miami.edu>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9806081814.A29457-0100000@netcom13>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 264
Host autofluorescent pigments (some of which are blue) are more easily
observed when the symbiotic dinoflagellate population of the coral is
reduced, as in "bleaching" from high temperature or high irradiance.
This is one possible explaination for the observation.  There may be others.
> >Whilst diving in the Maldives (North Ari Atoll) recently, I
> >commented on the large number of 'Blue' and Blue tipped' coral
> >growths which have previously been white/cream. Some appeared to be
> >turning pale blue from the tip downwards, others had patches of blue.
> >Patrick Mitchell-Jones.
> >patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
>
> Robert N. Ginsburg
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  8 22:21:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA02582; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 22:21:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA15337; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 22:23:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015331; Mon, 8 Jun 98 22:22:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA08550; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 01:29:18 GMT
Received: from psych.Stanford.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA08544; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 21:29:14 -0400
Received: from [36.121.0.225] (rdf.Stanford.EDU [36.121.0.225])
	by psych.Stanford.EDU (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id SAA17923
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 8 Jun 1998 18:30:18 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <v03102800b1a24ea7bae0@[36.121.1.53]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 1998 18:32:02 -0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Hans Hofmann <hans@psych.stanford.edu>
Subject: spectrometer
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 265
Hello,
We are planning a field trip to Lake Tanganyika in Africa where we want to
study the behavior of the cichlid fish Astatotilapia/Haplochromis burtoni.
Since we would like to measure and compare light spectra at different sites
of the habitat and in varying water depths, we are contemplating on
renting/borrowing an underwater spectroradiometer (ca. 350 to 700 nm, up to
10 m water depth).
Any hints are greatly appreciated. Thank you!
Hans Hofmann
	* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
	Hans Hofmann
	Stanford University
	Department of Psychology
	Jordan Hall, Bldg. 420
	Stanford, CA 94305-2130
	phone: (650) 725-6362 (work)
		     366-4837 (home)
	fax:	     723-0881
	e-mail: hans@psych.stanford.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 01:52:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA03412; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 01:52:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA17019; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 01:55:02 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017013; Tue, 9 Jun 98 01:54:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA09156; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 04:36:05 GMT
Received: from axil.eureka.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA09150; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 00:35:55 -0400
From: reefmonitor@eureka.lk
Received: from hkyxztrz ([206.152.141.81]) by axil.eureka.lk
          (post.office MTA v2.0 0813 ID# 0-17670) with SMTP id AAB6041;
          Mon, 8 Jun 1998 22:42:33 -0600
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19980609053856.0071f9d8@eureka.lk>
X-Sender: reefmonitor@eureka.lk
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 10:38:56 +0500
To: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
Subject: Re:  'Blue' coral
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 266
Regarding the 'blue' colouration you observed in corals in the Maldives - we
have observed this a lot recently in association with the extensive
bleaching over the past two months.  It seems likely that the bluish colour
is the residual colour of the polyp tissue after zooxanthellae have been
expelled. If so, mortality in these corals is not necessarily a foregone
conclusion as your dive rep suggested. We hope to be able to report rates of
mortality/recovery following bleaching at sites in Maldives and Sri Lanka
within a few weeks.
Sincerely,
--------------
Jason Rubens
Regional Co-ordinator
GCRMN South Asia
IOC-UNESCO/ UNEP/ IUCN
48 Vajira Road
Colombo 5
Sri Lanka
Tel: + 94 74 511166
Fax: + 94 1 580202
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 04:18:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA03904; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 04:18:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA18113; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 04:20:25 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018108; Tue, 9 Jun 98 04:20:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA09641; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 07:07:13 GMT
Received: from Raven.und.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA09635; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 03:06:59 -0400
Received: from mtp.unp.ac.za (pmbintra.cc.unp.ac.za [143.128.64.91]) by Raven.und.ac.za (8.8.3/8.7.3) with SMTP id JAA15538 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 09:07:41 +0200 (SAT)
Received: from UNP-Message_Server by mtp.unp.ac.za
	with Novell_GroupWise; Tue, 09 Jun 1998 09:09:42 +0200
Message-Id: <s57cfbd6.098@mtp.unp.ac.za>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.2
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 09:09:23 +0200
From: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: cbingman@netcom.com
Subject: 'Blue' coral -Reply
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 267
Dear fellow coral'lers,
>> Patrick Mitchell-Jones <patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk> wrote:
>>
>> Whilst diving in the Maldives (North Ari Atoll) recently, I
>> commented on the large number of 'Blue' and Blue tipped' coral
>> growths which have previously been white/cream. Some appeared to
>> be turning pale blue from the tip downwards, others had patches
>> of blue.
> Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com> replied:
>
> Host autofluorescent pigments (some of which are blue) are more
> easily observed when the symbiotic dinoflagellate population of the
> coral is reduced, as in "bleaching" from high temperature or high
> irradiance.
>
> This is one possible explaination for the observation.  There may be
> others.
I would be most interested to hear more about this.  While diving in
Sodwana Bay (northern east coast of South Africa) very recently (last
week), we too observed this "blue phenomenon".  As mentioned above,
the blue can be light in colour or very bright, affecting the entire
colony.
In addition to the blue, we also noticed numerous _Porites_ colonies
with a luminescent/flourescent pink border - can this be attributed to
the same phenomenon?
Jan Korrubel
Michael Samways
Invertebrate Conservation Research Center
University of Natal
Pietermaritzburg
South Africa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 08:33:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA05771; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 08:33:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA22966; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 08:35:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022944; Tue, 9 Jun 98 08:35:16 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA10602; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:49:23 GMT
Received: from relay.kacst.edu.sa by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA10596; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 07:49:12 -0400
Received: from ns1.kfupm.edu.sa ([198.77.102.26]) by relay.kacst.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id OAA08324; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:40:57 -0300 (GMT)
Received: from dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.33.198]) by ns1.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id OAA104742; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:37:31 +0300
Received: from yusef ([196.15.34.83]) by dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id OAA39770; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:44:09 +0300
Message-ID: <357D2109.A18B34CB@kfupm.edu.sa>
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 14:48:25 +0300
From: Yusef Fadlalla <yfadlal@kfupm.edu.sa>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Jan Korrubel <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: 'Blue' coral -Reply
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <s57cfbd6.098@mtp.unp.ac.za>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 268
> Dear fellow coral'lers,
>
> >> Patrick Mitchell-Jones <patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk> wrote:
> >>
> >> Whilst diving in the Maldives (North Ari Atoll) recently, I
> >> commented on the large number of 'Blue' and Blue tipped' coral
> >> growths which have previously been white/cream. Some appeared to
> >> be turning pale blue from the tip downwards, others had patches
> >> of blue.
>
> > Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com> replied:
> >
> > Host autofluorescent pigments (some of which are blue) are more
> > easily observed when the symbiotic dinoflagellate population of the
> > coral is reduced, as in "bleaching" from high temperature or high
> > irradiance.
> >
> > This is one possible explaination for the observation.  There may be
>
> > others.
> Jan Korrubel added:
> >I would be most interested to hear more about this.  While diving in
> >Sodwana Bay (northern east coast of South Africa) very recently (last
>
> >week), we too observed this "blue phenomenon".  As mentioned above,
> >the blue can be light in colour or very bright, affecting the entire
> >colony.
>
> >In addition to the blue, we also noticed numerous _Porites_ colonies
> >with a luminescent/flourescent pink border - can this be attributed
> to
> >the same phenomenon?
>
>
In the Gulf (Saudi Arabia) we at first (many years ago) thought that
a species of Porites (cf compressa) had no less than five different
color
morphs, including blue and pink.  We are now certain that these colors
appear under stressing conditions (extreme cold or warm waters).
Colonies of Porites in the Gulf normally appear brown/beige/drab yellow.
When they apparently lose their algal symbionts, these same colonies
would appear either bright off-white (light tissue pigmentation) or
bright off-white with the blue or pink hues that have been described by
other observers.
In the majority of occurrences, the corals suffer limited or no
mortality
and would eventually recover their typical brown colors.
Yusef Fadlallah
Research Institute
King Fahd University
Dhahran 31261
Saudi Arabia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 08:35:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA05818; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 08:35:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA23062; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 08:37:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023015; Tue, 9 Jun 98 08:36:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA10656; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:04:54 GMT
Received: from norway.it.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA10651; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 08:04:50 -0400
Received: from [38.26.14.25] (ip25.an3-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.14.25])
	by norway.it.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id FAA29665
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 05:05:52 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 05:05:52 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <l03130301b1a2978f893b@[38.26.16.227]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Epizootic?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 269
Reguarding the Blue and Pink Pigment.
Is it possible that you are seeing the Porites Ring/Blotch Disease. Sort of
a raised increased mass of tissue above the normal tissue line
(hyperplasia?) forming a Blotch of bluish pink ring?? This ring develops
into a depressed lesion on the tops as well as the base or sides.  This is
what we are noticing at  most of the sites we dived in the Philippines.
Laurie Ramundo of Cornell University has also observed similar lesions on
Porites sp. at her study sites, although her photos reveal white blotchs or
spots during the early signs.
Our observations were made outside of bleaching events.
Reports of this syndrome have been coming in in the past 12 months, while
in Papaua New Guinea after the 95 bleaching event the Porites seemed in
perfect health.  The soft coral Gonipora sp.will also exhibit this blue
pigmentation on the tops of the polyps, while the rest of the tissue is
white, is this also due to BLEACHING and the LOSS of zooxanthellae?? We
will be back in PNG this Aug. to monitor and re-collect data from those
same sites.
Thanks, James M. Cervino
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 11:35:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA00607; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:35:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA00967; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:37:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000944; Tue, 9 Jun 98 11:37:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11528; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:49:19 GMT
Received: from cnve.rz.uni-jena.de by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA11523; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 10:49:13 -0400
Received: from fsuj02.rz.uni-jena.de (root@fsuj02.rz.uni-jena.de [141.35.2.16])
	by cnve.rz.uni-jena.de (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id QAA07009
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:50:15 +0200 (MESZ)
Received: from [141.35.168.79] ([141.35.168.79]) by fsuj02.rz.uni-jena.de (8.7.1/8.6.10) with ESMTP id QAA01829 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:50:10 +0200 (MESZ)
X-Sender: urifrank@pop.dds.nl
Message-Id: <l03010d01b1a2ec9d3eb4@[141.35.168.79]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:48:45 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Uri Frank <frank@zoo.uni-jena.de>
Subject: Blue corals
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 270
Dear Coral Listers,
The described phenomenon of "blue corals" were observed in the northern Red
Sea by T. Lieberman, N. Shashar, I. Brickner, B. Rinkevich and myself in
"stressed" areas of the following species: Acropora eurystoma, A.
hemprichi, A. hyacintus, A. scandens, Cyphastrea chalcidicum, Fungia sp,
and Porites sp.. It may probably occur in other species as well, but there
it is masked by other pigments.Y. Barki observed Nephthea planulae turning
pink shortly before they died.
We have experimentally "stressed" colonies of the above species by
inflicting superficial tissue lesions and by putting colony fragments into
contact with intra- and interspecific counterparts. Reddish-purple
colorations of the involved areas were evident several weeks till months
later. This coloration was observed also around barnacles (in C.
chalcidicum), at the adge of the colonies' feet, near growing tubeworms
(e.g. Spirobranchus giganteus) and in tissues flanking naturally occurring
lesions. Furthermore, during algal blooms in the spring, many colonies
turned blue-purple. As mentioned by Y. Fadlalla, this phenomenon usually
does not cause partial or complete mortality of the corals and disappears.
We tried to extract the pigment using polar and non-polar solvents,
unfortunately without success. TEM preparations of "blue" tissues did not
reveal any unequivocal findings. The pigment is very stable even after
drying the samples. They remain blue for years. The pigment is definitely
in the tissues and not in the skeletons, as water-pick treatment completely
removes it.
Corals do not exhibit this blue clorations in the Caribbean as far as I know.
      -Uri Frank
**********************************
Uri Frank
Zoolocical Institute
University of Jena
1 Erbert St.
07743 Jena
Germany
Phone:+49-3641-949161/6
Fax:+49-3641-949162
http://www.zoo.uni-jena.de/~frank
**********************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 11:38:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA00717; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:38:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01182; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:40:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001168; Tue, 9 Jun 98 11:40:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11513; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:45:43 GMT
Received: from Raven.und.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA11501; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 10:44:23 -0400
Received: from mtp.unp.ac.za (pmbintra.cc.unp.ac.za [143.128.64.91]) by Raven.und.ac.za (8.8.3/8.7.3) with SMTP id QAA28709 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:45:14 +0200 (SAT)
Received: from UNP-Message_Server by mtp.unp.ac.za
	with Novell_GroupWise; Tue, 09 Jun 1998 16:47:11 +0200
Message-Id: <s57d670f.005@mtp.unp.ac.za>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.2
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 16:47:04 +0200
From: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: 'Blue' and pink corals -Reply and suggestion......
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 271
On the blue coral issue, Yusef Fadlalla <yfadlal@kfupm.edu.sa> had
this to say:
In the Gulf (Saudi Arabia) we at first (many years ago) thought that
a species of Porites (cf compressa) had no less than five different
color morphs, including blue and pink.  We are now certain that these
colors appear under stressing conditions (extreme cold or warm
waters).
>> OK - I can extend my knowledge to encompass _some_ of the instances
of the blue corals I saw to believe in tissue colouration (there
certainly seems to be signs of bleaching going on or recently having
taken place in the Sodwana Bay area).   This is why I initially asked
for more information as some of the _Montipora_ colonies I saw
exhibited (light) blue polyps when fully extended.  But only some of
the instances - others were just 'too blue'....how come it's never
been seen before?
>> Also, w.r.t. the pink colouration - when I say pink, I mean PINK.
Jeez, it was lumo-deluxe.  I have never seen anything like it in
nature.  The _Porites_ colonies didn't seem to be too affected by it.
I am therefore also not (yet) convinced by James Cervino's suggestion
of Ring Disease.
>> Anybody else that made reports of strange colourations take any
photos at the time??  We sure did, but I can't comment on how the pics
turned out as yet as I haven't seen the results (keeping my fingers
crossed).  Perhaps we can setup a common "bulletin board" to check out
each others pics....???  How's about a page at the CHAMP site or a
page at Harry McCarty and Esther Peters' Coral Disease Site at
<http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mccarty_and_peters/coraldis.htm>.
Cheers,
Jan Korrubel
Michael Samways
Invertebrate Conservation Research Centre
University of Natal
South Africa.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 11:51:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA01079; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:51:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01727; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:53:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001713; Tue, 9 Jun 98 11:53:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11568; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 14:59:59 GMT
Received: from umailsrv2.umd.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA11563; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 10:59:55 -0400
Received: from umail.umd.edu (umail.umd.edu [128.8.10.28])
	by umailsrv2.umd.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA24774
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 10:57:27 -0400
Message-Id: <199806091457.KAA24774@umailsrv2.umd.edu>
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 98 10:57 EDT
From: Deborah_G_DANAHER@umail.umd.edu (dd76)
Subject: smurf coral
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 272
Folks who regularly dive the Caribbean have probably seen Siderastrea spp.
that, when bleached, have a blue (Smurf blue, if you will) tone as opposed
to whitish appearance like many other corals that have lost their symbionts
for whatever reason.
In fact, it seems reasonable to suggest that coral species which have been
less frequently seen to bleach are probably species which carry a high
animal pigment load.  As a result, they would be less likely to be labled
'bleached' until zoox loss was very significant.
Deborah Danaher
Univ of Maryland
dd76@umail.umd.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 12:06:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA01257; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:06:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA02608; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:08:54 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002571; Tue, 9 Jun 98 12:08:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA11731; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 15:22:07 GMT
Received: from umailsrv2.umd.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA11725; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:22:03 -0400
Received: from umail.umd.edu (umail.umd.edu [128.8.10.28])
	by umailsrv2.umd.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id LAA25763
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 11:19:23 -0400
Resent-Message-Id: <199806091519.LAA25763@umailsrv2.umd.edu>
Message-Id: <199806091519.LAA25763@umailsrv2.umd.edu>
Resent-Date: Tue, 09 Jun 98 11:19 EDT
Resent-From: Deborah_G_DANAHER@umail.umd.edu (dd76)
Resent-To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 98 11:18 EDT
From: Deborah_G_DANAHER@umail.umd.edu (dd76)
Subject: Re: 'Blue' coral -Reply
To: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
cc: cbingman@netcom.com
In-Reply-To: <s57cfbd6.098@mtp.unp.ac.za>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 273
----------- Begin Forwarded Message ------------
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 98 11:18 EDT
From: Deborah_G_DANAHER@umail.umd.edu (dd76)
Subject: Re: 'Blue' coral -Reply
To: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
cc: cbingman@netcom.com
In-Reply-To: <s57cfbd6.098@mtp.unp.ac.za>
I've observed this phenomenon in Porites app. as well as Agaricia spp. at
several sites around the Caribbean including the silty Red Bouy area of
Discovery Bay, but most notably off the Habana City waterfront.  I was
fortunate to have been able to dive there in 1995.  The reef profile along
the waterfron is low relief spur 'n groove, with long narrow spurs running a
long, low gradient down and leveling at 30 m  or so.  All of the pollution
in Cuba is confined to river outflows and the underwater scene on the
waterfront is like a war zone.  Few living corals shallower that about 20 m,
but happier reef relief deeper than that.  The Porites and Agaricids are
stunning with their flourescent pink edges that I believe represent
bacterial associations flourishing in the high nutrient load.
I've also worked extensively with the Caribbean Mussids which are the most
dramatically pigmented corals in the region. I've regularly observed
flourescent pigments in them and have several samples fixed in prep for TEM
to see if bacterial populations are localized intra/intercellularly.  But I
don't currently hav funding for this.
Deborah Danaher
dd76@umail.umd.edu
 >In addition to
the blue, we also noticed numerous _Porites_
>with a luminescent/flourescent pink border - can this be attributed to
>the same phenomenon?
>
>Jan Korrubel >Michael Samways > >------------ End Forwarded Message -------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 13:13:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA03121; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 13:12:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA05959; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 13:15:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005928; Tue, 9 Jun 98 13:14:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA12033; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:37:00 GMT
Received: from goliath.cnnet.clu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA12028; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:36:45 -0400
Received: from localhost (l823836@localhost)
	by goliath.cnnet.clu.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id MAA04780;
	Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:48:12 -0400
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:48:12 -0400 (AST)
From: Hernandez Edwin A <l823836@goliath.cnnet.clu.edu>
To: Patrick.Mitchell-Jones@cds-group.com
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: "Blue" corals
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980609122433.4667A-100000@goliath.cnnet.clu.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 274
   During a mild bleaching event ocurred in the eastern coast of the
island of Puerto Rico, Caribbean Sea (approx. 18N, 65W) during 1992, I
observed a 60 cm diameter colony of Siderastrea siderea with a pale grey
coloration and showing nearly round 5 cm diameter blue spots.  This
ocurred at Candelero Beach, Humacao, at 1.5 m depth.  The coral recovered
its normal color within two months approximately.  By that moment, I was
told by the late Dr. Carlos Goenaga (University of Puerto Rico, Dept.
Biology, Mayaguez Campus) that he did also see several colonies of S.
siderea showing similar blue spots.
  During a routine dive on September 1997, while monitoring coral reefs at
Cayo Diablo, a small key located at 11 km off NE Puerto Rico, within the
boundaries of La Cordillera Natural Reserve, I saw two colonies 70-80 cm
in diameter of S. siderea showing a similar pattern as described above.
The interesting aspect of that event was that the colonies first started
showing a pale coloration.  Two weeks later they became even more paler
(pale grey) and were showing these blue tones.  Both of them receovered
their normal color.  This also happened during a mild bleaching event
which affected several other scleractinians and Millepora.  Both coral
heads were located at approx. 7 m in depth.
   By the end of April and early May of this year we detected what appears
to be the early signs of a bleaching event.  Some S. siderea colonies have
started to become pale within or very close to one of our monitoring
quadrat grids in Culebra Island, located 27 km off eastern Puerto Rico.
However, there were no signs of blue tones.  These are located at depths
ranging from 4 to 8 m.
   I'm not sure where do this blue color comes from but I suspect it might
be a kind of residual color of the polyp tissue following the loss of
zooxanthellae or the loss of other pigments.  Particularly, it would be
interesting to study the possibility that this might be due to
autofluorescent pigments?????  These are fairly common in deep water
colonies and their basic job is to convert deep blue and purple
wavelengths (common at deeper habitats) to other wavelengths that can be
readily used by zooxanthellae (just as if the corals were living in
shallower environments). Are these pigments more resistant to
bleaching??? This should be something very interesting to document.
Please, keep me posted on this.  Good luck!
Sincerley,
Edwin A. Hernandez
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reef Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3360
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  9 23:13:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA06024; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 23:13:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA25214; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 23:15:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025196; Tue, 9 Jun 98 23:15:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA14468; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 02:17:58 GMT
Received: from stormy.ibl.bm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA14463; Tue, 9 Jun 1998 22:17:54 -0400
Received: from [199.172.252.78] ([199.172.252.201]) by stormy.ibl.bm
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a  ID# 0-42646U11000L11000S0)
          with ESMTP id AAA1098 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 9 Jun 1998 23:18:48 -0400
X-Sender: kbb@mail.ibl.bm
Message-Id: <l03010d01b1a3719bc61a@[199.172.252.78]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Keep Bermuda Beautiful <KBB@ibl.bm>
Subject: zooxanthellae expulsion
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 23:18:48 -0400
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 275
Dear Coral listers,
Like all of you, I have read much mail and literature about expulsion
during bleaching.
I have two questions:
1. Range of tollerance for zoos.  Who is looking into this area?  Briefly,
what has been discovered?
2. Is expulsion the correct term?  Are we looking at death due to
temperature increase and phagocytosis by the host?
I'd like to run some very basic experiments in this area for a course I'm
currently in and would appreciate any references to ongoing studies or
papers in the area.
Thanks and kind regards,
Vanese Flood
PS please reply directly to kbb@ibl.bm
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 10 09:57:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA04252; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 09:57:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA07380; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 10:00:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007315; Wed, 10 Jun 98 09:59:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA16712; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 13:04:34 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA16707; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 09:04:30 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA19202
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 10 Jun 1998 09:02:58 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1314652634.50710@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 10 Jun 1998 09:07:34 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Blue Coral Photos
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA04252
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 276
                           Subject:                         Time:   7:55 AM
                           Blue Coral Photos                Date:   6/10/98
As many people have indicated, corals frequently take on this blue coloration when bleached or partially bleached.  I have seen this in the Caribbean and Pacific.  Such blue coloration is continuous or semi-continuous across the colony, not the blotch or ring type of blue coloration described by Dr. Cervino.  I have seen that in both Carribean and Pacific corals as well.
We recently observed this in some Porites lobata colonies in Panama.  Photos of a large (ca. 2m) P. lobata that had turned entirely blue can be found at:
     http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/98bleaching/uvam98.html
The story on the bleaching event along with many photos is found at:
     http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/98bleaching
Cheers,
Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:22:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07527; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:22:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03652; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:25:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003641; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:24:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01067; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:07:42 GMT
Message-Id: <199806161007.KAA01067@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:45:12 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: abaker@rsmas.miami.edu (Andrew Baker)
Subject: Not all blue corals are blue...
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 277
Hello blue-coral-listers
Just a quick note to say that some bleached corals, for example Siderastrea
siderea in the Caribbean, appear blue when they are observed on the reef.
However, if you take any photos with a strobe, or bring the corals out of
the water, they are in fact pink.
This observation probably does not apply to all the blue coral discussion
in the last 24 hours, but I think it certainly applies to some cases. Its
interesting to me that the same two colors appear to be cropping up in our
discussions: blue and pink (or purple, which I think might just reflect
higher concentrations of the (animal) pigment). I wonder how many of our
observations have been made in full sunlight - might some of the variation
we are reporting simply be an outcome of the differential attenuation of
wavelengths with depth?
Andrew
******************************************************************************
Andrew Baker
Division of Marine Biology & Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149, USA
Voice: +1 (305) 361 4145
Fax: +1 (305) 361 4600
Email: abaker@rsmas.miami.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:22:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07541; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:22:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03654; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:25:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003642; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:24:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA00974; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:00:44 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA00968; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:00:38 -0400
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:00:38 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: AOML & CHAMP computers down
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980616055526.923A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 278
Greetings Coral-Listers,
	Unfortunately, all computing facilities at the Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, NOAA, were down from June
10 until late yesterday.  Hence, all Coral Health and Monitoring Programs
(CHAMP) sponsored activities, including coral-list; the Web pages for
CHAMP, the Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment, and the Globabl Coral Reef
Monitoring Network; the SEAKEYS/C-MAN data acquisition program, and the
Coral Reef Early Warning System were inoperable.  We extend our apologies
for any inconvenience.  Things should be back to normal today.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP Administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:24:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07591; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:24:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03751; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:27:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003743; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:27:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01125; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:10:05 GMT
Message-Id: <199806161010.KAA01125@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Rodrigo Garza-Perez" <wetsuit@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Blue Coral in Alacranes Reef!!
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 14:20:00 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 279
Hi corallers!!
I just read the Blue Coral posts... and yes as a metter of fact i=B4ve
always wondered why those corals were blue... since the pictures in the
field handbooks weren=B4t like that... i think the coral in the pic is a
porites... but not sure...  for checking out the pic go to the following
URL:
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2754/alacranes.htm
if can=B4t get direct connection try without the /alacranes.htm there=B4s a
link for the alacranes reef in mexico... sorry if the websites is a bit
scarce but i=B4m in the process of building it up...  Oh! the pic is in the
second pege of the alacranes pages.  and the direct link for the pic is:
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2754/morecoral.jpg
as a note the Hue
in the pic is not very good BUT the coral IS blue!!  the pic was taken
last year around august...  hope you like it!!
Biologo Marino J. Rodrigo Garza P.
Biologo Marino
Joaquin Rodrigo Garza Perez
Mexico
e mail:
wetsuit@hotmail.com
rodgarza@pibil.finred.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:25:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07627; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:25:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03820; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:28:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003800; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:27:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01232; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:19:37 GMT
Message-Id: <199806161019.KAA01232@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:00:28 -0700
From: Keith Hammond <hammond@motherjones.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: CORAL REEF ACTION ATLAS
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 280
Hi Jim,
Thanks again for posting my photo request to your listserv; the response
was great.   I'd like to thank everyone who replied -- I've just updated
the final CORAL REEF ACTION ATLAS with some three dozen photos, most of
them from scientists who responded to your posting.
So now I'd like to invite everyone on the list to check out the Action
Atlas at
http://www.motherjones.com/coral_reef/
and let me know your opinions.  As lay journalists, we would really
appreciate the "peer review" of you experts.  We'll be revising the Atlas
periodically, so any feedback you can provide will be most helpful.
Thanks again and good luck to all who are working to save the coral reefs.
Keith Hammond
______________________________________________________________
Keith Hammond                   Mother Jones magazine
News Editor                     731 Market Street, Suite 600
The MoJo Wire                   San Francisco, CA 94103
www.motherjones.com             (415) 665-6637, fax -6696
______________________________________________________________
"I don't make jokes. I just watch the government
 and report the facts."
 -- Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy
 of our monied corporations which dare already
 to challenge our government to a trial of strength,
 and bid defiance to the laws of our country."
 -- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:26:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07673; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:26:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03866; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:29:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003856; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:28:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA00947; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 09:58:33 GMT
Received: from dnsman.OCE.ORST.EDU by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA00942; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 05:58:28 -0400
Received: from nancy.OCE.ORST.EDU (nancy.OCE.ORST.EDU [128.193.64.119])
	by dnsman.OCE.ORST.EDU (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id RAA01773
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 15 Jun 1998 17:26:08 -0700 (PDT)
Received: (from pkylstra@localhost)
	by nancy.OCE.ORST.EDU (8.8.7/8.8.7) id RAA28159;
	Mon, 15 Jun 1998 17:26:07 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 1998 17:26:06 -0700 (PDT)
From: Pam Kylstra <pkylstra@oce.orst.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: International Coral Conference
In-Reply-To: <l03010d01b1a3719bc61a@[199.172.252.78]>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.980615171806.27920A-100000@nancy.OCE.ORST.EDU>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 281
Hello All,
About a week ago there was a posting regarding an international coral
conference to be held in France.  Included in the posting was information
on travel and accommodation awards for students from SE Asia.  I
inadvertently deleted the message and cannot retrieve it.  Any
information would be most appreciated.
Thank You,
Pam
********************************************************************************
Pam Kylstra
Marine Resource Management
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
104 Ocean Admin Building
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
office: (541)737-2359
email: pkylstra@oce.orst.edu
********************************************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:28:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA07722; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:28:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA03949; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:31:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003932; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:30:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01253; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:20:55 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA01240; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:20:41 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id RAA16447;
	Sat, 13 Jun 1998 17:29:33 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    14 Jun 98 04:38:06 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 14 Jun 98 04:37:31 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.186) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    14 Jun 98 04:37:26 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: <peking@mail.AsiaDevBank.org>
Subject: Used Tires as artificial reef
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 1998 16:19:44 +0700
Message-ID: <01bd96ac$677c90c0$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 282
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear coral listers,
I am looking for opinion or advise about usage or impact of used tires =
for artificial reef.
a. Is there any impact if the artificial reef seatled in 100 metres away =
from reef ?
b. Is there any impact if the articial reef seatled at sand flate.
c. Is there any programmes in Coremap related to artificial reef.
d. Is there any influence to the dead coral (DC) if the artificial reef =
seatled on it.
Thank you for your respons,
FADIL NANDILA
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.2110.0"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><STRONG>Dear coral=20
listers,</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">I am looking for =
opinion or=20
advise about usage or impact of used tires for artificial =
reef.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">a. Is there any =
impact if the=20
artificial reef seatled in 100 metres away from reef ?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">b. Is there any =
impact if the=20
articial reef seatled at sand flate.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">c. Is there any =
programmes in=20
Coremap related to artificial reef.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">d. Is there any influence to the dead coral =
(DC) if the=20
artificial reef seatled on it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Thank you for your=20
respons,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><STRONG>FADIL=20
NANDILA</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id">crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.=
net.id</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:45:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA08188; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:45:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA04287; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:48:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004283; Tue, 16 Jun 98 07:48:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01431; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:42:44 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA01426; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:42:36 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA06787 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 13 Jun 1998 22:16:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA08486; Sat, 13 Jun 1998 22:18:39 -0400
Received: from bio.bu.edu(128.197.80.4) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008477; Sat, 13 Jun 98 22:18:28 -0400
Received: from localhost (lesk@localhost)
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id PAA15802;
	Fri, 12 Jun 1998 15:33:38 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 1998 15:33:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>
To: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
cc: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: What is a coral reef?
In-Reply-To: <357ADB13.2FCBE108@erols.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.93.980612153018.15301F-100000@bio.bu.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 283
Hi, John.  I think there are two ways to go on this.
1.  The honest way.  A coral reef is a bioherm in which the plurality of
active calcification is attributable to scleractinians.
2.  The more useful way.  A coral reef is a bioherm in which
scleractinians are a conspicuous element.
Either of these sorts of definitions allows us to include most of what
your average reef scientist would consider working on, to be subdivided
later.  It may continue to offend algologists, however.
 Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
lesk@bio.bu.edu
617-353-5560 office
617-353-6965 lab
617-353-6340 fax
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 07:58:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA08454; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:58:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA04608; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:01:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004601; Tue, 16 Jun 98 08:00:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA01442; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 10:44:03 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA01437; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:43:59 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA01687 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 13 Jun 1998 20:44:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA05250; Sat, 13 Jun 1998 20:46:56 -0400
Received: from tor-smtp2.netcom.ca(207.181.101.101) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005238; Sat, 13 Jun 98 20:46:30 -0400
Received: from Howzit.turtles.org (trt-on7-21.netcom.ca [207.181.82.149])
	by tor-smtp2.netcom.ca (8.8.7-s-4/8.8.7) with SMTP id UAA27786
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 12 Jun 1998 20:20:07 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980612201841.00e70150@pop.vex.net>
X-Sender: howzit@pop.vex.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 1998 20:18:42 -0400
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Seeking environmental information...
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 284
Hi Coral Researchers,
Hope you are well.
I am a layperson who is fortunate enough to dive with the same group of sea
turtles every summer at a place called Honokowai, West Maui.  In just two
weeks we will see them again.  Some friends we have known all the way back
to 1989-90.  These include Kaula ("The Seer") who we first sighted in 1989,
and Nui ("Big"), Aikane ("Friendly"), Tutu ("grandmother") all from 1990.
It turned out Tutu was a bit of a misnomer.  She only LOOKED old!  Since
1990 we has made three nesting migrations.  She is one of four tagged
females we have come to know.  When any of these four turtles aren't
sighted after two weeks we ask the National Marine Fisheries Service where
they put them.
We are reassured by this agency the ladies are in fact nesting at the
French Frigate Shoals.  Over the ten summers we have dived at our location
we have identified about 250 turtles.  About 75% of these were sick with a
disease called fibropapilloma.
Of the turtles we regard as "regulars" the prevalence jumps to 90%.
I hope this establishes my reason for hanging around your CORAL-L mailing
list.  I believe the high prevalence of disease at our dive site is the
result of environmental conditions there.
Just recently I read a paper about fibropapilloma in Indonesia.  Turtles
captured from two places tended to have higher incidence of this disease.
The first, Jakarta I don't have to ask about.
Jakarta Bay is like the poster child of reef degradation.
The other place mentioned was Surabaya (112' to 115'E, 6' to 8'S).  I tried
surfing the Net for information and have a pretty good idea of general
conditions of reefs around Indonesia.
("Approximately 60% of Indonesia's population lives in coastal areas. Their
impact on the marine ecosystem derives from both the removal of resources
and the introduction of increasing quantities of sewage and industrial
pollution."
 Major Indonesian marine resource management issues include the growth in
mining of coral reefs and the over exploitation of living coral sites; the
increase in phosphate, nitrate and sediment loading of marine estuaries from
upstream intensive paddy cultivation;")
What I need now is information about the corals and reefs around Surabaya
specifically.
I would appreciate any environmental information you can provide or email
addressed of the researchers studying this area.
Many thanks
----------------------------------------------------
              ^               Ursula Keuper-Bennett
             0 0              Email: howzit@turtles.org
    /V^\            /^V\
  /V   Malama na honu   V\    http://www.turtles.org
 /                        \
"She is the size, shape and color of a large boulder.
Her shell alone is over a yard long, remarkably smooth
and flecked with small patches of barnacles and a few
threads of green algae.  For once the common name lacks
the grace of the scientific one.  'Green sea turtle' is
blandly descriptive.   'Chelonia mydas' fairly sings."
          \       /      --Osha Gray Davidson
          /  \ /  \        The Enchanted Braid
         /__| V |__\
         Turtle Trax
CELEBRATING THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FFS TAGGING PROGRAM
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 08:01:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA08549; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:01:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA04670; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:04:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004662; Tue, 16 Jun 98 08:04:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA01554; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:07:50 GMT
Received: from pp2.shef.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA01549; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:07:38 -0400
Received: from ashopton.shef.ac.uk [143.167.27.253]
	by pp2.shef.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.73 #1)
	id 0yltbG-0004hC-00; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:08:26 +0100
Received: from ASHOPTON/SpoolDir by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40);
    16 Jun 98 12:08:27 +0100
Received: from SpoolDir by ASHOPTON (Mercury 1.40); 16 Jun 98 12:08:14 +0100
From: "Peter J. Mumby" <P.J.Mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:08:11 +0100
Subject: recipe for marine cement?
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a)
Message-ID: <16E1AD34532@ashopton.shef.ac.uk>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 285
Dear Coral-listers
Does anyone have a recipe for marine cement - e.g. for attaching
field equipment underwater?
Many thanks
Peter
------------------------------------------------
Dr Peter J. Mumby
Research Fellow
Department of Geography
University of Sheffield
Winter Street
Sheffield
S10 2TN
United Kingdom
tel: + 44 (0)114 222 7970
fax: + 44 (0)114 279 7912
e-mail: p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 08:17:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA08734; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:17:01 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA05134; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:19:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005127; Tue, 16 Jun 98 08:19:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA01725; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:27:48 GMT
Received: from post.mail.demon.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA01720; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:27:41 -0400
Received: from (cdstecsv.demon.co.uk) [158.152.62.212]
	by post.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 1.82 #2)
	id 0yltun-0003GJ-00; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:28:37 +0000
Received: from CENTRAL/SpoolDir by cdstecsv.demon.co.uk (Mercury 1.40);
    16 Jun 98 12:32:40 +0000
Received: from SpoolDir by CENTRAL (Mercury 1.40); 16 Jun 98 12:32:27 +0000
From: "Patrick Mitchell-Jones" <Patrick.Mitchell-Jones@cds-group.com>
Organization: CDS Group
To: Coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:32:09 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Subject: Blue Corals in the Maldives
Reply-to: patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
CC: wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv
X-Confirm-Reading-To: patmj@cdstecsv.demon.co.uk
X-pmrqc: 1
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.54)
Message-ID: <11E3BD84BFB@cds-group.com>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from Quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id IAA08734
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 286
Many thanks to you all for the responses to my query regarding 'Blue
Coral'. I have read all replies and would add the following: -
The most noticeable colour is indeed an iridescent pale blue which is
almost translucent up close. I suppose that it does look like the
colour in the polyps themselves rather than the usual opaque
coloration of the corals. I noticed the blue, a purple blue and some
pink colours as also seen by Jan Korrubel in Sodwana Bay.
Craig Bingman writes that the loss of the symbiont population in
bleaching caused by stress can be as a result of high irradiance or
high temperature. I would surmise that, as the irradiation will
decrease with depth and the corals I noted were at various depths and
not particularly noticeable on the reef top but rather on the outside,
this would be a less likely cause than temperature. Indeed, with the
current relative turbidity of some areas this would also reduce the
irradiation. Certainly the temperature of the water was several
degrees higher than I noted in the same area in December. Bob Allison
asks for more details of the sites. Here goes Dive sites were as
follows....
Temperatures are subjective as my computer doesn't record them. Quoted
as between 28c and 33c
Kuramati House reef (Outside). Just to the west of the pier. Numerous
blue tinged staghorn with some blue/purple and occasional pink. These
were at variable depth. None seen on the inside. There were areas of
high temperature. I was told as high as 33c
Rasdoo House Reef. Some visible here but the water seems slightly
cooler.
Maaya Thila. None seen. Water cooler and at a constant temperature
Fesdu House reef (outside). Some here. Temperature variable.
Veligandu North. Again, some evidence here but not as much as in the
shallower Kuramati area
Ukulas Thila. No evidence here.
The corals most affected with this type of colouration were the
Staghorns with the most intense colouration around the tips. The
Elkhorns (palmate type corals), which were generally a little deeper
than the Staghorns, seemed to present in a different manner. The
colouration did not seem to be a pale translucent type but an intense
royal blue. This occurred in patches and in one case the whole coral
was intense blue. I don't know if they are both caused by the same
thing but they certainly look different. Sorry if my terminology is
not correct, I am a microbiologist and not familiar with all the
scientific names of the corals.
Patrick Mitchell-Jones
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 08:30:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA08873; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:30:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA05340; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:32:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005328; Tue, 16 Jun 98 08:31:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA01754; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:31:30 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA01749; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 07:31:23 -0400
Received: from upandang.wasantara.net.id (upandang.wasantara.net.id [202.159.93.195])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id CAA13296;
	Tue, 16 Jun 1998 02:54:00 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from UPANDANG/SpoolDir by upandang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    16 Jun 98 03:01:56 +0800
Received: from SpoolDir by UPANDANG (Mercury 1.40); 16 Jun 98 03:01:35 +0800
Received: from 202.159.093.195.wasantara.net.id (202.159.93.221) by upandang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40) with ESMTP;
    16 Jun 98 03:01:25 +0800
Message-ID: <35856B95.CD77CF57@Upandang.wasantara.net.id>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 02:44:37 +0800
From: BWH <Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id>
Reply-To: Bugwotro@upandang.wasantara.net.id
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.0 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching -- INDONESIA
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <199805061713.NAA27655@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 287
In addition to a previous message on coral bleaching at Lombok island by
the JARI Foundation, I can report the occurrance of fatal bleaching at
the westernmost point of Bali island (west of Lombok) and at its east
coast (May 1998). Many soft corals were white and disintegrating. There
was almost no bleaching at Nusa Lembongan, southeast off Bali (where
usually cold currents occur) but still some at the north coast of the
neighbouring Nusa Penida.
Mr. Ketut Sarjana Putra, marine scientist at the Bali office of
WWF-Indonesa Programme has noticed that in March 1998 there was much
more bleaching at one site at Nusa Penida. The apparent quick recovery
seems to reflect occupation by large fast-growing xeniid soft corals of
substrata that became vacant during the bleaching. The water at this
site was observed to reach low temperatures (20-22 degrees C) during
westward tidal currents, while during eastward currents the water was
less cold (25-27 degrees C). The cold water currents at Nusa Penida and
Nusa Lembongan are probably related to upwelling.
Bert W. Hoeksema
Program Buginesia WOTRO-UNHAS
PO Box 1624
Ujung Pandang 90016
Indonesia
astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> Passing this recent information from Lombok Island in Indonesia on to
> others who
> may have an interest or may wish to share further observations.
>
> Al Strong
>
> <---- Begin Forwarded Message ---->
> From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" <yajari@hotmail.com>
> To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
> Subject: Coral Bleaching
> Date: Tue, 05 May 1998 21:00:53 PDT
>
> First of all, let me introduce ourselves. We are a Marine Foundation,
> named Yayasan JARI. We're based in Mataram, Lombok Island, West Nusa
> Tenggara Province - Indonesia.
>
> During this last four months, the coral reef around Lombok Island is
> suffering from bleaching process. And it is happening almost around
> Lombok Island (next to Bali). The bleaching process is happening until
>
> 80 feet depth, and also we have cold and hot current[s] on the surface
> and
> [at] depth. All the coral is getting white and it is very sad. [Does]
> this
> event has something to do with the El-Nino phenomenon? Cause we have
> information that coral in the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching, and
> also
> Taka Bone Rate National Park in South Sulawesi and Bunaken National
> Park
> in North Sulawesi...
>
> Juanita Mandagi
> Marine Foundation -- Yayasan JARI
> Mataram, Lombok Island
> West Nusa Tenggara Province
> Indonesia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 08:45:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA09129; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:45:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA05992; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 08:48:02 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005984; Tue, 16 Jun 98 08:47:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01983; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:09:57 GMT
Message-Id: <199806161209.MAA01983@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 1998 11:51:09 -0700
From: drifter@sea.org
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: "Blue coral" enigma solved
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 288
Dear coral reefers,
I have noticed a lot of what appear to be 'blue' Porites heads off the
coast of Somalia and I am wondering if they could in fact be UN helmets
discarded during the 1995 fiasco. Can anyone help me with this?
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 12:51:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA14206; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:51:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA17766; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:53:55 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017723; Tue, 16 Jun 98 12:52:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA03576; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:10:04 GMT
Message-Id: <199806161610.QAA03576@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:38:01 -0400 (EDT)
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: recipe for marine cement?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 289
Marine epoxy works quite well.  There are various types and strength
capabilities.  We have found that Liquid Rock 500 works quite well for moorings
and attaching marker stakes in the reef platform.  We drill a 12 inch deep hole
in the reef platform with a hydraulic drill; flush out the residue, fill the
hole with epoxy, and insert the stainless steel stake.  The epoxy sets up in an
hour.
Hydraulic cement will work but it is a bit messy and you must be careful in
applying.  You can speed setting time by adding a slight amount of molding
plaster to Portland type II mortar mix.  Mix on surface, put the mixture in a
plastic bag or bowel and take under water.  Portland does not work well in
strong currents or in a heavy wave surge.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 15:05:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA16819; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:05:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA24614; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:08:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024560; Tue, 16 Jun 98 15:07:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA04258; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 18:26:18 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA04253; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 14:26:14 -0400
Received: from glynn.rsmas.miami.edu (glynn.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.47])
	by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id OAA27417
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.>; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 14:27:12 -0400
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 14:27:12 -0400
Message-Id: <199806161827.OAA27417@umigw.miami.edu>
X-Sender: glynn@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: recipients of coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Peter Glynn <PGlynn@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Corals that are blue
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 290
I have a comment in addition to Mark Eakin's dialog about bleached blue
Porites lobata in the eastern Pacific of Panama. There is at least one
Porites lobata colony at this same location that is located in about 20ft.
of water at the bottom of a basalt outcropping, which has been completely
blue every time I have been at this site. It does not appear bleached as did
the colony in photos that Mark presented, which had patches of white and
light blue areas. The colony that I am describing is rich in color and
stands next to another color morph of Porites (amber, also not bleached).
Therefore, it is possible that this blue color is its natural color. The
colony in Mark's photos, however, is located at a shallower depth, in an
area that gets much direct sunlight. I do not remember what it's unbleached
coloration is but I will have to look into my photo library for it, I think
I have a picture.
Best regards to all,
Susan B. Colley Theodosiou
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 16:13:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA19614; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:13:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA28625; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:16:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028605; Tue, 16 Jun 98 16:15:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04621; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 19:29:06 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04616; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:29:00 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA19835
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:27:12 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1314111141.7141@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 16 Jun 1998 15:23:26 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Used Tires as artificial reef
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA19614
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 291
                           Subject:                         Time:   10:36 AM
                           RE>Used Tires as artificial reef Date:   6/16/98
I strongly recommend that tires NOT be used for artificial reefs unless you are in an area where you can garantee that there will be no storm surge that reaches reef depth.  Tropical cyclone generated waves can readily rip apart the tire mats, allowing individual tires to be readily moved about.  A tire reef I know of in Florida was torn apart by a Hurricane near miss in the late 1970s.  The tires were transported from 500 - 1500 m off shore, onto the beach.  Most were cleaned up subsequent to the storm, but some had been wedged into boulder rip-rap and remain to this day.
Artificial reefs need to rely on materials too heavy to be transported by storm waves.
Cheers,
Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 16:31:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA19784; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:31:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA29929; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:34:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029858; Tue, 16 Jun 98 16:33:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04732; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 19:47:18 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04727; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:47:13 -0400
Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id PAA25400
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:48:07 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806161948.PAA25400@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:59:20 -0400
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: Re: Corals that are blue
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 292
Of course, Porites branneri (tropical west Atlantic) is usually bright
blue, or blue-violet.  So this color is not outside the capacity of a
Porites to produce.
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 23:05:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA22488; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 23:04:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA11708; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 23:07:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011698; Tue, 16 Jun 98 23:06:16 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA06203; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 02:15:51 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA06198; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 22:15:40 -0400
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id MAA23340; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 12:15:50 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980617115030.006b20fc@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 11:50:30 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: coralist: coral colors
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 293
Coralisters,
   I've noticed that Porites branneri in the Caribbean is bright blue when
viewed in sunlight, but if you take a picture with flash, it turns into a
pinkish-purple (as seen on p. 93 of Paul Humann's "Reef Coral
Identification").  If you take a photo in natural light, it looks a very
dark blue.  Also, there are a few individual Mussa cubensis (traditionally
called Scolymia cubensis- see Fenner, 1993) that are a brilliant red-orange
(flourescent?), but when you take a photo they come out looking brown.
Same pigment seems to be in radial stripes on some Mussa angulosa and what
has been traditionally been called Scolymia lacera but which are single
polyps of Mussa angulosa.  I would guess that these colors would be left
after bleaching- anybody know?  -Doug
Fenner, D. P.  1993.  Species distinctions among several Caribbean stony
corals.  Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 1099-1116.
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 16:35:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA19841; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:35:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA00160; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:38:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000124; Tue, 16 Jun 98 16:37:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04759; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 19:54:26 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04754; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:54:22 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA29069; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
Message-Id: <199806161955.PAA29069@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Florida Keys -- Bleaching
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 294
HotSpots have enveloped the Florida Bay and the Keys on today's chart:
   http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.16.1998.gif
With any continued absence of cloud cover [and light winds] areas of the
Caribbean may be in for an increase in water temperatures and possible
bleaching.  Much of the Caribbean is within 0.5 deg C of levels critical for
initiating coral reef bleaching. [Ref: pinks & blues in the HotSpot charts].
Luckily, winds have been pretty brisk south of 20N:
   http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98166_ave.gif
Cheers,
Al
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 10:00:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA26949; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:00:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA21696; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:02:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021676; Wed, 17 Jun 98 10:02:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA08387; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 12:44:28 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA08382; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 08:44:20 -0400
Received: from nuwave.aoml.noaa.gov (nuwave [172.16.100.1])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP
	  id IAA25684 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 08:42:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: (from hendee@localhost) by nuwave.aoml.noaa.gov (SMI-8.6/8.7.3) id IAA28546; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 08:41:30 -0400
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 08:41:30 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Sender: hendee@nuwave
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Florida Keys Bleaching & CREWS
In-Reply-To: <199806161955.PAA29069@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980617074841.16740I-100000@nuwave>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 295
Dear Coral-Listers,
As corroborating evidence of Al Strong's message on the possibility
(probability) of coral bleaching in the Florida Keys, our Coral Reef Early
Warning System (CREWS, a marine environmental expert system which utilizes
data from the Florida Institute of Oceanography's [NOAA-sponsored] SEAKEYS
network) at URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/sferpm/seakeys/es/
has predicted/reported conditions conducive to coral bleaching at Sombrero
Key (based on temps > 29degC and "low winds") since June 1, and Walt Jaap
(personal communication) has just recently noted that "...the signs of
bleaching were evident."  Dive shop owners have also reported bleaching
signs.  The temperatures have just reached 32degC.  We (Chris Humphrey,
Trent Moore [FIO] and I) will hopefully be checking on the reef again this
week.
Please see the URL for reports since June 1 (and daily, after 6:30am EST)
and feel free to offer any feedback to further fine-tune the system, which
still has quite a bit of refinement ahead.  If you'd like to be sent the
automated bleaching alert reports, please drop a line.  Reports are only
sent if the "production rules" have been triggered within the last seven
days.
New sensors to be installed next month at Sombrero Key will include
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), fluorometry and
transmissometry, and these readings (as well as satellite data, hopefully)
will be incorporated into CREWS, as well as into other marine
environmental near real-time interpretations.
For more information on SEAKEYS, see URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/sferpm/seakeys/
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov|
| Coral Health and           |                                   |
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4396        |
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4392        |
| NOAA/AOML                  |                                   |
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   |
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov        |
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
On Tue, 16 Jun 1998 astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
> From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Florida Keys -- Bleaching
>
> HotSpots have enveloped the Florida Bay and the Keys on today's chart:
>    http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.16.1998.gif
>
> With any continued absence of cloud cover [and light winds] areas of the
> Caribbean may be in for an increase in water temperatures and possible
> bleaching.  Much of the Caribbean is within 0.5 deg C of levels critical for
> initiating coral reef bleaching. [Ref: pinks & blues in the HotSpot charts].
>
> Luckily, winds have been pretty brisk south of 20N:
>    http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98166_ave.gif
>
> Cheers,
> Al
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> Alan E. Strong
>   Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
>   5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
>         Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
>           http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 11:10:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA28847; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 11:10:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA27627; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 11:12:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027609; Wed, 17 Jun 98 11:12:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA08959; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:29:02 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA08954; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:28:59 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <KFL9S9JH>; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:29:52 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB1C@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Mark Eakin <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>,
        Recipients of coral-list
	 <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Used Tires as artificial reef
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:28:18 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 296
I am in total agreement with Mark.  However, I would not limit this to
specific depths etc..
We need to stop using reef areas as a dumping ground for trash,
especially old tires!  I dont want to get into the ethics of what should
or should not be used in artificial reefs.  The agencies responsible for
permitting these structures must evaluate the pros and cons of these on
a case by case basis.  The lesson learned in south Florida (Dade County)
from Hurricane Andrew (Aug. 24, 1992) should tell us to avoid artificial
reef structures altogether in these habitats.  Of course the exception
would be in cases of reef restoration (damage repair), where the
employment of "artificial" structures are 'woven' into the 'fabric' of
the reef.  This integration must be done to design specifications that
can withstand a 1/100 yr. storm.
It's time to stop using coral reefs and associated areas as a landfill
and confusing this with the creation of "new" habitat for divers and
fisherman.
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Mark Eakin [SMTP:eakin@ogp.noaa.gov]
> Sent:	Tuesday, June 16, 1998 11:23 AM
> To:	Recipients of coral-list
> Subject:	Re: Used Tires as artificial reef
>
>                            Subject:                         Time:
> 10:36 AM
>                            RE>Used Tires as artificial reef Date:
> 6/16/98
>
> I strongly recommend that tires NOT be used for artificial reefs
> unless you are in an area where you can garantee that there will be no
> storm surge that reaches reef depth.  Tropical cyclone generated waves
> can readily rip apart the tire mats, allowing individual tires to be
> readily moved about.  A tire reef I know of in Florida was torn apart
> by a Hurricane near miss in the late 1970s.  The tires were
> transported from 500 - 1500 m off shore, onto the beach.  Most were
> cleaned up subsequent to the storm, but some had been wedged into
> boulder rip-rap and remain to this day.
>
> Artificial reefs need to rely on materials too heavy to be transported
> by storm waves.
>
> Cheers,
> Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 15:04:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA01157; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:03:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA11942; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:06:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011863; Wed, 17 Jun 98 15:05:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA09988; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 18:30:51 GMT
Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA09983; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:30:47 -0400
Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow10.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.137])
	by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA28979;
	Wed, 17 Jun 1998 13:31:37 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <199806171831.NAA28979@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net>
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
Subject: Re: Temporary Position Announcement
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 13:24:57 -0500
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 297
TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to community
scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both laboratory
and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit within
the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba diving;
TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful candidate
will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a barrier
Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter stating
your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 15:43:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list-digest@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA01721; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:43:19 -0400 (EDT)
From: owner-coral-list-digest@aoml.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA15402; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:45:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015287; Wed, 17 Jun 98 15:45:19 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-digest-outgoing id TAA10420; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 19:42:36 GMT
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 19:42:36 GMT
Message-Id: <199806171942.TAA10420@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list-digest@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:   coral-list-digest V1 #17
Reply-To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Errors-To: owner-coral-list-digest@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 298
coral-list-digest         Wednesday, 17 June 1998      Volume 01 : Number 017
In this issue:
		AOML & CHAMP computers down
		Blue Coral in Alacranes Reef!!
		International Coral Conference
		Not all blue corals are blue...
		Used Tires as artificial reef
		CORAL REEF ACTION ATLAS
		Re: What is a coral reef?
		Seeking environmental information...
		recipe for marine cement?
		Blue Corals in the Maldives
		Re: Coral Bleaching -- INDONESIA
		"Blue coral" enigma solved
		Re: recipe for marine cement?
		Corals that are blue
		Re: Used Tires as artificial reef
		Re: Corals that are blue
		Florida Keys -- Bleaching
		HOW DO I GET OFF THIS LISTSERVE
		coralist: coral colors
		Re: Florida Keys Bleaching & CREWS
		RE: Used Tires as artificial reef
		Re: Temporary Position Announcement
		Tech position
		Re: Tech position
----------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 06:00:38 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: AOML & CHAMP computers down
Greetings Coral-Listers,
	Unfortunately, all computing facilities at the Atlantic
Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, NOAA, were down from June
10 until late yesterday.  Hence, all Coral Health and Monitoring Programs
(CHAMP) sponsored activities, including coral-list; the Web pages for
CHAMP, the Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment, and the Globabl Coral Reef
Monitoring Network; the SEAKEYS/C-MAN data acquisition program, and the
Coral Reef Early Warning System were inoperable.  We extend our apologies
for any inconvenience.  Things should be back to normal today.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP Administrator
------------------------------
From: "Rodrigo Garza-Perez" <wetsuit@hotmail.com>
Date: Tue, 09 Jun 1998 14:20:00 PDT
Subject: Blue Coral in Alacranes Reef!!
Hi corallers!!
I just read the Blue Coral posts... and yes as a metter of fact i=B4ve
always wondered why those corals were blue... since the pictures in the
field handbooks weren=B4t like that... i think the coral in the pic is a
porites... but not sure...  for checking out the pic go to the following
URL:
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2754/alacranes.htm
if can=B4t get direct connection try without the /alacranes.htm there=B4s a
link for the alacranes reef in mexico... sorry if the websites is a bit
scarce but i=B4m in the process of building it up...  Oh! the pic is in the
second pege of the alacranes pages.  and the direct link for the pic is:
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/2754/morecoral.jpg
as a note the Hue
in the pic is not very good BUT the coral IS blue!!  the pic was taken
last year around august...  hope you like it!!
Biologo Marino J. Rodrigo Garza P.
Biologo Marino
Joaquin Rodrigo Garza Perez
Mexico
e mail:
wetsuit@hotmail.com
rodgarza@pibil.finred.com
------------------------------
From: Pam Kylstra <pkylstra@OCE.ORST.EDU>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 1998 17:26:06 -0700 (PDT)
Subject: International Coral Conference
Hello All,
About a week ago there was a posting regarding an international coral
conference to be held in France.  Included in the posting was information
on travel and accommodation awards for students from SE Asia.  I
inadvertently deleted the message and cannot retrieve it.  Any
information would be most appreciated.
Thank You,
Pam
********************************************************************************
Pam Kylstra
Marine Resource Management
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
104 Ocean Admin Building
Corvallis, Oregon 97331
office: (541)737-2359
email: pkylstra@oce.orst.edu
********************************************************************************
------------------------------
From: abaker@rsmas.miami.edu (Andrew Baker)
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 12:45:12 -0400
Subject: Not all blue corals are blue...
Hello blue-coral-listers
Just a quick note to say that some bleached corals, for example Siderastrea
siderea in the Caribbean, appear blue when they are observed on the reef.
However, if you take any photos with a strobe, or bring the corals out of
the water, they are in fact pink.
This observation probably does not apply to all the blue coral discussion
in the last 24 hours, but I think it certainly applies to some cases. Its
interesting to me that the same two colors appear to be cropping up in our
discussions: blue and pink (or purple, which I think might just reflect
higher concentrations of the (animal) pigment). I wonder how many of our
observations have been made in full sunlight - might some of the variation
we are reporting simply be an outcome of the differential attenuation of
wavelengths with depth?
Andrew
******************************************************************************
Andrew Baker
Division of Marine Biology & Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway
Miami, Florida 33149, USA
Voice: +1 (305) 361 4145
Fax: +1 (305) 361 4600
Email: abaker@rsmas.miami.edu
------------------------------
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
Date: Sat, 13 Jun 1998 16:19:44 +0700
Subject: Used Tires as artificial reef
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
- ------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear coral listers,
I am looking for opinion or advise about usage or impact of used tires =
for artificial reef.
a. Is there any impact if the artificial reef seatled in 100 metres away =
from reef ?
b. Is there any impact if the articial reef seatled at sand flate.
c. Is there any programmes in Coremap related to artificial reef.
d. Is there any influence to the dead coral (DC) if the artificial reef =
seatled on it.
Thank you for your respons,
FADIL NANDILA
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
- ------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.2110.0"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><STRONG>Dear coral=20
listers,</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">I am looking for =
opinion or=20
advise about usage or impact of used tires for artificial =
reef.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">a. Is there any =
impact if the=20
artificial reef seatled in 100 metres away from reef ?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">b. Is there any =
impact if the=20
articial reef seatled at sand flate.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">c. Is there any =
programmes in=20
Coremap related to artificial reef.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT><FONT=20
face=3D"Times New Roman">d. Is there any influence to the dead coral =
(DC) if the=20
artificial reef seatled on it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman">Thank you for your=20
respons,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><STRONG>FADIL=20
NANDILA</STRONG></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3D"Times New Roman"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id">crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.=
net.id</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000=20
face=3D"Times New Roman"></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
- ------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BD96E7.6F7E4580--
------------------------------
From: Keith Hammond <hammond@motherjones.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 1998 16:00:28 -0700
Subject: CORAL REEF ACTION ATLAS
Hi Jim,
Thanks again for posting my photo request to your listserv; the response
was great.   I'd like to thank everyone who replied -- I've just updated
the final CORAL REEF ACTION ATLAS with some three dozen photos, most of
them from scientists who responded to your posting.
So now I'd like to invite everyone on the list to check out the Action
Atlas at
http://www.motherjones.com/coral_reef/
and let me know your opinions.  As lay journalists, we would really
appreciate the "peer review" of you experts.  We'll be revising the Atlas
periodically, so any feedback you can provide will be most helpful.
Thanks again and good luck to all who are working to save the coral reefs.
Keith Hammond
______________________________________________________________
Keith Hammond                   Mother Jones magazine
News Editor                     731 Market Street, Suite 600
The MoJo Wire                   San Francisco, CA 94103
www.motherjones.com             (415) 665-6637, fax -6696
______________________________________________________________
"I don't make jokes. I just watch the government
 and report the facts."
 -- Will Rogers (1879-1935)
"I hope we shall crush in its birth the aristocracy
 of our monied corporations which dare already
 to challenge our government to a trial of strength,
 and bid defiance to the laws of our country."
 -- Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
------------------------------
From: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 1998 15:33:37 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Re: What is a coral reef?
Hi, John.  I think there are two ways to go on this.
1.  The honest way.  A coral reef is a bioherm in which the plurality of
active calcification is attributable to scleractinians.
2.  The more useful way.  A coral reef is a bioherm in which
scleractinians are a conspicuous element.
Either of these sorts of definitions allows us to include most of what
your average reef scientist would consider working on, to be subdivided
later.  It may continue to offend algologists, however.
 Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
lesk@bio.bu.edu
617-353-5560 office
617-353-6965 lab
617-353-6340 fax
------------------------------
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Date: Fri, 12 Jun 1998 20:18:42 -0400
Subject: Seeking environmental information...
Hi Coral Researchers,
Hope you are well.
I am a layperson who is fortunate enough to dive with the same group of sea
turtles every summer at a place called Honokowai, West Maui.  In just two
weeks we will see them again.  Some friends we have known all the way back
to 1989-90.  These include Kaula ("The Seer") who we first sighted in 1989,
and Nui ("Big"), Aikane ("Friendly"), Tutu ("grandmother") all from 1990.
It turned out Tutu was a bit of a misnomer.  She only LOOKED old!  Since
1990 we has made three nesting migrations.  She is one of four tagged
females we have come to know.  When any of these four turtles aren't
sighted after two weeks we ask the National Marine Fisheries Service where
they put them.
We are reassured by this agency the ladies are in fact nesting at the
French Frigate Shoals.  Over the ten summers we have dived at our location
we have identified about 250 turtles.  About 75% of these were sick with a
disease called fibropapilloma.
Of the turtles we regard as "regulars" the prevalence jumps to 90%.
I hope this establishes my reason for hanging around your CORAL-L mailing
list.  I believe the high prevalence of disease at our dive site is the
result of environmental conditions there.
Just recently I read a paper about fibropapilloma in Indonesia.  Turtles
captured from two places tended to have higher incidence of this disease.
The first, Jakarta I don't have to ask about.
Jakarta Bay is like the poster child of reef degradation.
The other place mentioned was Surabaya (112' to 115'E, 6' to 8'S).  I tried
surfing the Net for information and have a pretty good idea of general
conditions of reefs around Indonesia.
("Approximately 60% of Indonesia's population lives in coastal areas. Their
impact on the marine ecosystem derives from both the removal of resources
and the introduction of increasing quantities of sewage and industrial
pollution."
 Major Indonesian marine resource management issues include the growth in
mining of coral reefs and the over exploitation of living coral sites; the
increase in phosphate, nitrate and sediment loading of marine estuaries from
upstream intensive paddy cultivation;")
What I need now is information about the corals and reefs around Surabaya
specifically.
I would appreciate any environmental information you can provide or email
addressed of the researchers studying this area.
Many thanks
- ----------------------------------------------------
              ^               Ursula Keuper-Bennett
             0 0              Email: howzit@turtles.org
    /V^\            /^V\
  /V   Malama na honu   V\    http://www.turtles.org
 /                        \
"She is the size, shape and color of a large boulder.
Her shell alone is over a yard long, remarkably smooth
and flecked with small patches of barnacles and a few
threads of green algae.  For once the common name lacks
the grace of the scientific one.  'Green sea turtle' is
blandly descriptive.   'Chelonia mydas' fairly sings."
          \       /      --Osha Gray Davidson
          /  \ /  \        The Enchanted Braid
         /__| V |__\
         Turtle Trax
CELEBRATING THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FFS TAGGING PROGRAM
------------------------------
From: "Peter J. Mumby" <P.J.Mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:08:11 +0100
Subject: recipe for marine cement?
Dear Coral-listers
Does anyone have a recipe for marine cement - e.g. for attaching
field equipment underwater?
Many thanks
Peter
- ------------------------------------------------
Dr Peter J. Mumby
Research Fellow
Department of Geography
University of Sheffield
Winter Street
Sheffield
S10 2TN
United Kingdom
tel: + 44 (0)114 222 7970
fax: + 44 (0)114 279 7912
e-mail: p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk
------------------------------
From: "Patrick Mitchell-Jones" <Patrick.Mitchell-Jones@cds-group.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 12:32:09 +0000
Subject: Blue Corals in the Maldives
Many thanks to you all for the responses to my query regarding 'Blue
Coral'. I have read all replies and would add the following: -
The most noticeable colour is indeed an iridescent pale blue which is
almost translucent up close. I suppose that it does look like the
colour in the polyps themselves rather than the usual opaque
coloration of the corals. I noticed the blue, a purple blue and some
pink colours as also seen by Jan Korrubel in Sodwana Bay.
Craig Bingman writes that the loss of the symbiont population in
bleaching caused by stress can be as a result of high irradiance or
high temperature. I would surmise that, as the irradiation will
decrease with depth and the corals I noted were at various depths and
not particularly noticeable on the reef top but rather on the outside,
this would be a less likely cause than temperature. Indeed, with the
current relative turbidity of some areas this would also reduce the
irradiation. Certainly the temperature of the water was several
degrees higher than I noted in the same area in December. Bob Allison
asks for more details of the sites. Here goes Dive sites were as
follows....
Temperatures are subjective as my computer doesn't record them. Quoted
as between 28=B0c and 33=B0c
Kuramati House reef (Outside). Just to the west of the pier. Numerous
blue tinged staghorn with some blue/purple and occasional pink. These
were at variable depth. None seen on the inside. There were areas of
high temperature. I was told as high as 33=B0c
Rasdoo House Reef. Some visible here but the water seems slightly
cooler.
Maaya Thila. None seen. Water cooler and at a constant temperature
Fesdu House reef (outside). Some here. Temperature variable.
Veligandu North. Again, some evidence here but not as much as in the
shallower Kuramati area
Ukulas Thila. No evidence here.
The corals most affected with this type of colouration were the
Staghorns with the most intense colouration around the tips. The
Elkhorns (palmate type corals), which were generally a little deeper
than the Staghorns, seemed to present in a different manner. The
colouration did not seem to be a pale translucent type but an intense
royal blue. This occurred in patches and in one case the whole coral
was intense blue. I don't know if they are both caused by the same
thing but they certainly look different. Sorry if my terminology is
not correct, I am a microbiologist and not familiar with all the
scientific names of the corals.
Patrick Mitchell-Jones
------------------------------
From: BWH <Bugwotro@Upandang.wasantara.net.id>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 02:44:37 +0800
Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching -- INDONESIA
In addition to a previous message on coral bleaching at Lombok island by
the JARI Foundation, I can report the occurrance of fatal bleaching at
the westernmost point of Bali island (west of Lombok) and at its east
coast (May 1998). Many soft corals were white and disintegrating. There
was almost no bleaching at Nusa Lembongan, southeast off Bali (where
usually cold currents occur) but still some at the north coast of the
neighbouring Nusa Penida.
Mr. Ketut Sarjana Putra, marine scientist at the Bali office of
WWF-Indonesa Programme has noticed that in March 1998 there was much
more bleaching at one site at Nusa Penida. The apparent quick recovery
seems to reflect occupation by large fast-growing xeniid soft corals of
substrata that became vacant during the bleaching. The water at this
site was observed to reach low temperatures (20-22 degrees C) during
westward tidal currents, while during eastward currents the water was
less cold (25-27 degrees C). The cold water currents at Nusa Penida and
Nusa Lembongan are probably related to upwelling.
Bert W. Hoeksema
Program Buginesia WOTRO-UNHAS
PO Box 1624
Ujung Pandang 90016
Indonesia
astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> Passing this recent information from Lombok Island in Indonesia on to
> others who
> may have an interest or may wish to share further observations.
>
> Al Strong
>
> <---- Begin Forwarded Message ---->
> From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" <yajari@hotmail.com>
> To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
> Subject: Coral Bleaching
> Date: Tue, 05 May 1998 21:00:53 PDT
>
> First of all, let me introduce ourselves. We are a Marine Foundation,
> named Yayasan JARI. We're based in Mataram, Lombok Island, West Nusa
> Tenggara Province - Indonesia.
>
> During this last four months, the coral reef around Lombok Island is
> suffering from bleaching process. And it is happening almost around
> Lombok Island (next to Bali). The bleaching process is happening until
>
> 80 feet depth, and also we have cold and hot current[s] on the surface
> and
> [at] depth. All the coral is getting white and it is very sad. [Does]
> this
> event has something to do with the El-Nino phenomenon? Cause we have
> information that coral in the Great Barrier Reef is bleaching, and
> also
> Taka Bone Rate National Park in South Sulawesi and Bunaken National
> Park
> in North Sulawesi...
>
> Juanita Mandagi
> Marine Foundation -- Yayasan JARI
> Mataram, Lombok Island
> West Nusa Tenggara Province
> Indonesia
------------------------------
From: drifter@sea.org
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 1998 11:51:09 -0700
Subject: "Blue coral" enigma solved
Dear coral reefers,
I have noticed a lot of what appear to be 'blue' Porites heads off the
coast of Somalia and I am wondering if they could in fact be UN helmets
discarded during the 1995 fiasco. Can anyone help me with this?
------------------------------
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:38:01 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Re: recipe for marine cement?
Marine epoxy works quite well.  There are various types and strength
capabilities.  We have found that Liquid Rock 500 works quite well for moorings
and attaching marker stakes in the reef platform.  We drill a 12 inch deep hole
in the reef platform with a hydraulic drill; flush out the residue, fill the
hole with epoxy, and insert the stainless steel stake.  The epoxy sets up in an
hour.
Hydraulic cement will work but it is a bit messy and you must be careful in
applying.  You can speed setting time by adding a slight amount of molding
plaster to Portland type II mortar mix.  Mix on surface, put the mixture in a
plastic bag or bowel and take under water.  Portland does not work well in
strong currents or in a heavy wave surge.
------------------------------
From: Peter Glynn <PGlynn@rsmas.miami.edu>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 14:27:12 -0400
Subject: Corals that are blue
I have a comment in addition to Mark Eakin's dialog about bleached blue
Porites lobata in the eastern Pacific of Panama. There is at least one
Porites lobata colony at this same location that is located in about 20ft.
of water at the bottom of a basalt outcropping, which has been completely
blue every time I have been at this site. It does not appear bleached as did
the colony in photos that Mark presented, which had patches of white and
light blue areas. The colony that I am describing is rich in color and
stands next to another color morph of Porites (amber, also not bleached).
Therefore, it is possible that this blue color is its natural color. The
colony in Mark's photos, however, is located at a shallower depth, in an
area that gets much direct sunlight. I do not remember what it's unbleached
coloration is but I will have to look into my photo library for it, I think
I have a picture.
Best regards to all,
Susan B. Colley Theodosiou
------------------------------
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 16 Jun 1998 15:23:26 U
Subject: Re: Used Tires as artificial reef
                           Subject:                         Time:   10:36 =
AM
                           RE>Used Tires as artificial reef Date:   =
6/16/98
I strongly recommend that tires NOT be used for artificial reefs unless =
you are in an area where you can garantee that there will be no storm =
surge that reaches reef depth.  Tropical cyclone generated waves can =
readily rip apart the tire mats, allowing individual tires to be readily =
moved about.  A tire reef I know of in Florida was torn apart by a =
Hurricane near miss in the late 1970s.  The tires were transported from =
500 - 1500 m off shore, onto the beach.  Most were cleaned up subsequent =
to the storm, but some had been wedged into boulder rip-rap and remain to =
this day.
Artificial reefs need to rely on materials too heavy to be transported by =
storm waves.
Cheers,
Mark
------------------------------
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:59:20 -0400
Subject: Re: Corals that are blue
Of course, Porites branneri (tropical west Atlantic) is usually bright
blue, or blue-violet.  So this color is not outside the capacity of a
Porites to produce.
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
- -Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
------------------------------
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
Subject: Florida Keys -- Bleaching
HotSpots have enveloped the Florida Bay and the Keys on today's chart:
   http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.16.1998.gif
With any continued absence of cloud cover [and light winds] areas of the
Caribbean may be in for an increase in water temperatures and possible
bleaching.  Much of the Caribbean is within 0.5 deg C of levels critical for
initiating coral reef bleaching. [Ref: pinks & blues in the HotSpot charts].
Luckily, winds have been pretty brisk south of 20N:
   http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98166_ave.gif
Cheers,
Al
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
------------------------------
From: Gisele McAuliffe <Gisele.McAuliffe@WWFUS.ORG>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 11:07:16 -0400
Subject: HOW DO I GET OFF THIS LISTSERVE
Dear All,
    I have officially unsubscribed and more, but I'm still on this listserve.
Can anyone offer me any direct contacts or other information so I can
get off?  It would be much appreciated.
------------------------------
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 11:50:30 +1000
Subject: coralist: coral colors
Coralisters,
   I've noticed that Porites branneri in the Caribbean is bright blue when
viewed in sunlight, but if you take a picture with flash, it turns into a
pinkish-purple (as seen on p. 93 of Paul Humann's "Reef Coral
Identification").  If you take a photo in natural light, it looks a very
dark blue.  Also, there are a few individual Mussa cubensis (traditionally
called Scolymia cubensis- see Fenner, 1993) that are a brilliant red-orange
(flourescent?), but when you take a photo they come out looking brown.
Same pigment seems to be in radial stripes on some Mussa angulosa and what
has been traditionally been called Scolymia lacera but which are single
polyps of Mussa angulosa.  I would guess that these colors would be left
after bleaching- anybody know?  -Doug
Fenner, D. P.  1993.  Species distinctions among several Caribbean stony
corals.  Bull. Mar. Sci. 53: 1099-1116.
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
------------------------------
From: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 08:41:30 -0400 (EDT)
Subject: Re: Florida Keys Bleaching & CREWS
Dear Coral-Listers,
As corroborating evidence of Al Strong's message on the possibility
(probability) of coral bleaching in the Florida Keys, our Coral Reef Early
Warning System (CREWS, a marine environmental expert system which utilizes
data from the Florida Institute of Oceanography's [NOAA-sponsored] SEAKEYS
network) at URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/sferpm/seakeys/es/
has predicted/reported conditions conducive to coral bleaching at Sombrero
Key (based on temps > 29degC and "low winds") since June 1, and Walt Jaap
(personal communication) has just recently noted that "...the signs of
bleaching were evident."  Dive shop owners have also reported bleaching
signs.  The temperatures have just reached 32degC.  We (Chris Humphrey,
Trent Moore [FIO] and I) will hopefully be checking on the reef again this
week.
Please see the URL for reports since June 1 (and daily, after 6:30am EST)
and feel free to offer any feedback to further fine-tune the system, which
still has quite a bit of refinement ahead.  If you'd like to be sent the
automated bleaching alert reports, please drop a line.  Reports are only
sent if the "production rules" have been triggered within the last seven
days.
New sensors to be installed next month at Sombrero Key will include
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR), fluorometry and
transmissometry, and these readings (as well as satellite data, hopefully)
will be incorporated into CREWS, as well as into other marine
environmental near real-time interpretations.
For more information on SEAKEYS, see URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/sferpm/seakeys/
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov|
| Coral Health and           |                                   |
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4396        |
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4392        |
| NOAA/AOML                  |                                   |
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   |
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov        |
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
On Tue, 16 Jun 1998 astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
> From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: Florida Keys -- Bleaching
>
> HotSpots have enveloped the Florida Bay and the Keys on today's chart:
>    http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.16.1998.gif
>
> With any continued absence of cloud cover [and light winds] areas of the
> Caribbean may be in for an increase in water temperatures and possible
> bleaching.  Much of the Caribbean is within 0.5 deg C of levels critical for
> initiating coral reef bleaching. [Ref: pinks & blues in the HotSpot charts].
>
> Luckily, winds have been pretty brisk south of 20N:
>    http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98166_ave.gif
>
> Cheers,
> Al
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> Alan E. Strong
>   Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
>   5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
>         Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
>           http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
------------------------------
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 10:28:18 -0400
Subject: RE: Used Tires as artificial reef
I am in total agreement with Mark.  However, I would not limit this to
specific depths etc..
We need to stop using reef areas as a dumping ground for trash,
especially old tires!  I dont want to get into the ethics of what should
or should not be used in artificial reefs.  The agencies responsible for
permitting these structures must evaluate the pros and cons of these on
a case by case basis.  The lesson learned in south Florida (Dade County)
from Hurricane Andrew (Aug. 24, 1992) should tell us to avoid artificial
reef structures altogether in these habitats.  Of course the exception
would be in cases of reef restoration (damage repair), where the
employment of "artificial" structures are 'woven' into the 'fabric' of
the reef.  This integration must be done to design specifications that
can withstand a 1/100 yr. storm.
It's time to stop using coral reefs and associated areas as a landfill
and confusing this with the creation of "new" habitat for divers and
fisherman.
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Mark Eakin [SMTP:eakin@ogp.noaa.gov]
> Sent:	Tuesday, June 16, 1998 11:23 AM
> To:	Recipients of coral-list
> Subject:	Re: Used Tires as artificial reef
>
>                            Subject:                         Time:
> 10:36 AM
>                            RE>Used Tires as artificial reef Date:
> 6/16/98
>
> I strongly recommend that tires NOT be used for artificial reefs
> unless you are in an area where you can garantee that there will be no
> storm surge that reaches reef depth.  Tropical cyclone generated waves
> can readily rip apart the tire mats, allowing individual tires to be
> readily moved about.  A tire reef I know of in Florida was torn apart
> by a Hurricane near miss in the late 1970s.  The tires were
> transported from 500 - 1500 m off shore, onto the beach.  Most were
> cleaned up subsequent to the storm, but some had been wedged into
> boulder rip-rap and remain to this day.
>
> Artificial reefs need to rely on materials too heavy to be transported
> by storm waves.
>
> Cheers,
> Mark
------------------------------
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 13:24:57 -0500
Subject: Re: Temporary Position Announcement
TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to community
scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both laboratory
and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit within
the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba diving;
TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful candidate
will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a barrier
Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter stating
your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
------------------------------
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:01:51 -0500
Subject: Tech position
TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to community
scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both laboratory
and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit within
the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba diving;
TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful candidate
will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a barrier
Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter stating
your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
------------------------------
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:29:54 -0500
Subject: Re: Tech position
The following position is for 2 years not temporary.  Sorry.
Flo Thomas
>
> TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
>
> A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
> with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to
community
> scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both
laboratory
> and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
> seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
> management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
> diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit
within
> the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
> oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
> M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba
diving;
> TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
> or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful
candidate
> will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
> The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a
barrier
> Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
> and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
> send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter
stating
> your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
> contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
> email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
>
------------------------------
End of coral-list-digest V1 #17
*******************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 15:43:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA01736; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:43:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA15406; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:45:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015382; Wed, 17 Jun 98 15:45:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA10197; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 19:08:25 GMT
Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA10192; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:08:20 -0400
Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow10.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.137])
	by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA29423;
	Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:08:31 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <199806171908.OAA29423@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net>
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: <FISH-SCI-REQUEST@segate.sunet.se>, <FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se>,
        <ACN-L@acn.ca>, <coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu>,
        <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <marmam@uvvm.uvic.ca>,
        <FWIM-L@listserv.vt.edu>, <ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu>,
        "American Fisheries Society" <fisheries@fisheries.org>
Subject: Tech position
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:01:51 -0500
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 299
TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to community
scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both laboratory
and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit within
the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba diving;
TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful candidate
will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a barrier
Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter stating
your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 16:17:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA02148; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 16:17:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA18042; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 16:20:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017955; Wed, 17 Jun 98 16:19:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA10338; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 19:35:49 GMT
Received: from wahoo.mobile.gulf.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA10333; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:35:44 -0400
Received: from portal.mobile.gulf.net (seacow10.mobile.gulf.net [206.105.32.137])
	by wahoo.mobile.gulf.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA29821;
	Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:36:34 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <199806171936.OAA29821@wahoo.mobile.gulf.net>
From: "Flo Thomas" <fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>
Subject: Re: Tech position
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 14:29:54 -0500
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 300
The following position is for 2 years not temporary.  Sorry.
Flo Thomas
>
> TECHNICIAN POSITION AVAILABLE
>
> A technician position is available in an active marine science laboratory
> with research interests ranging from invertebrate reproduction to
community
> scale nutrient transport processes.  The work will include both
laboratory
> and field research.  Field research is conducted on coral reefs and
> seagrass communities.  The technician will be responsible for laboratory
> management, data acquisition and analysis.   The work in the lab is very
> diverse.  Therefore, a wide range of skills and interests could fit
within
> the needs of the lab.  Desired skills include: A B.S. in marine science,
> oceanography, biology, engineering, zoology or environmental science (an
> M.S. degree is desirable); computer skills; field experience; scuba
diving;
> TEM and SEM; image analysis; experience in biogeochemistry, biomechanics,
> or hydrodynamics; writing skills and statistics.  The successful
candidate
> will be expected to have some but not all of the above skills.
> The position is located at the Dauphin Island Sea Lab located on a
barrier
> Island on the Northern Gulf of Mexico.  The pay range starts at $25,000+
> and is dependent on experience and skills.  If you are interested please
> send a Curriculum Vitae, 3 letters of recommendation, and a letter
stating
> your research experience and interest.  If you have any questions please
> contact Dr. Florence Thomas, P.O. Box 369 Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528,
> email: fthomas@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, (334-861-7544).
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 16:43:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA02450; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 16:43:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA20703; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 16:45:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020638; Wed, 17 Jun 98 16:44:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA10517; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 19:57:07 GMT
Received: from imo24.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA10512; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:57:03 -0400
From: REEF003@aol.com
Received: from REEF003@aol.com
	by imo24.mx.aol.com (IMOv14_b1.1) id 3LIa022587
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:57:52 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <bd959872.35881fc2@aol.com>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 15:57:52 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Carib. Coral Spawning in June
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Windows 95 sub 49
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 301
Hello All,
A quick note of interest to those dealing with coral spawning...
On the evenings of June 15 and 16, (two nights ago) male M. cavernosa colonies
were seen spawning in Bimini, Bahamas.  Ned and Anna DeLoach reported seeing
the colonies spawn just after dusk at approx. 8:30 pm.  Only male colonies
were seen spawning and no M. annularis colonies were seen spawning.  The full
moon should have been on the evening of June 10th.
An unconfirmed report from Cozumel...
A REEF member reported seeing Diploria (probably strigosa) spawning on a night
dive in Cozumel early on the evening of June 12 or 13.  The colony was not
large (approx 30cm dia.) and was male.  I was skeptical of this report until
hearing of the DeLoach's report from Bimini.
Just thought this might be of interest,
Laddie Akins
REEF
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 17 22:29:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA05292; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 22:29:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA00842; Wed, 17 Jun 1998 22:31:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000828; Wed, 17 Jun 98 22:30:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA11992; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 01:50:33 GMT
Message-Id: <199806180150.BAA11992@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 1998 13:20:33 -0500
From: "Bob Buddemeier" <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Singin' the blues
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 302
I can't stand it any longer.
The perceived 'color' of an object is the response of a sensor to the spectrum
of the light reflected by the object.  The strength and quality (wavelength
mix) of the signal reaching the sensor is a function of:
1.  The spectrum of the source of incident light (e.g., sun, strobe, flashbulb);
2.  The pathlength and optical characteristics of the medium that transmits
the incident light to the object;
3.  The pathlength and optical characteristics of the medium that transmits
the reflected light to the sensor.
4.  The spectral reflectance characteristics of the object; and
5.  Background or scattering contributions to the incident light signal (along
both paths).
But we're not through.
All sensors are not equal.  E.g., human eyes -- ever have an argument with
your significant other about what tie/shirt/suit looked good together? But
especially, film.  Most commercial films are tuned to generate a consensus
perception that is not too far from what people think they see in air, in
sunlight.  But the recipes for doing that vary, and so you may get quite
different responses-- between films as well as between environments -- in
other environments (e.g., flash, or indoor lighting, or low-light, or
underwater).  Special-purpose films (e.g., ultra high speed) may have special
responses. And, the colors in developed film (especially prints) may change
with time.  Further, now that digital processing and images are coming in,
computer adjustment of hues makes it impossible to know how the image relates
to what you were looking at in the first place(or at least, to convince anyone
else of some objective reality).
One point is -- of course the bloody things look different in and out of
water, at different depths, in pictures and in life, etc. etc.
Another point is -- verbal transmissions, and even comparison of images of
unspecified origins, can't possibly resolve most of the things people are
talking about.  You need (sorry) a quantitative, experimentally repeatable
definition of "blue," or at least one which controls for the largest of the
major variables listed above.  (Photosynthesis types at least specify PAR --
trying to figure out what a blue coral means is tougher, since we haven't
really specified the question as far as I can tell.)
I have no objection to people using the electronic medium to trade just-so
stories, but please designate a satellite list or some node so that they don't
wind up in my mailbox until the collection has been edited for public consumption.
2.  My own just-so story is that my recollection from a decade (the 70s) in
the water at various places around the Pacific is that Porites comes in tan,
brown, green, olive-drab, and a range of blues ranging from rather light to
near-purple.  Take it, and do what you want.
3.  One of keenest memories of learning about corals is that once when I
started waving my arms about ecology and evolution and other things of which I
knew little, Bob Kinzie told me "you have to remember that basically color in
corals doesn't mean much of anything."  I do not suggest that either of us
Bobs would defend that as an absolutely true statement applicable to all
issues, but I suspect it's still a pretty good first approximation.
'Nuff?
Bob Buddemeier, self-appointed curmudgeon
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Ave.
Lawrence, KS 66047
(913) 864-3965 w
(913) 864-5317 fax
buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 18 09:13:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA07623; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 09:13:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA12053; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 09:15:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012024; Thu, 18 Jun 98 09:15:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA14182; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 12:08:07 GMT
Received: from noaamh1.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA14172; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 08:08:02 -0400
Received: from mailhubmh1-gw.noaa.gov by noaamh1.noaa.gov (X.400 to RFC822 Gateway); Thu, 18  Jun  1998 08:08:47 -0400
X400-Received: by mta MTANOAAMH1 in /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed;
  18 Jun 1998 08:08:46 -0400
X400-Received: by /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed;
  18 Jun 1998 08:08:46 -0400
X400-MTS-Identifier: [/c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; 06C7E3589034E010-MTANOAAMH1]
Content-Identifier: 06C7E3589034E010
Content-Return: Allowed
X400-Content-Type: P2-1988 ( 22 )
Conversion: Allowed
Original-Encoded-Information-Types: IA5-Text
Priority: normal
Disclose-Recipients: Prohibited
Alternate-Recipient: Allowed
X400-Originator: Ron.Hill@noaa.gov
X400-Recipients: non-disclosure;
  <06C7E3589034E010*/c=US/admd=ATTMAIL/prmd=GOV+NOAA/o=CCNMFS/s=Hill/g=Ron/@MHS>
Date: 18 Jun 1998 08:08:46 -0400
From: Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
To: buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re[2]: Singin' the blues
Message-Id: <06C7E3589034E010*/c=US/admd=ATTMAIL/prmd=GOV+NOAA/o=CCNMFS/s=Hill/g=Ron/@MHS>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 303
While I agree wholeheartedly with Bob's blue comments, particularly about the
film issue (most of us know that various brands of flim are better for
photographing a verdant green mountainside or an underwater scene, depending on
the color emphasis desired) there is some value in (some of) this discussion if
in fact some color differences can be an indication of forthcoming or recently
past bleaching.  Color morphs in and of themselves may not be significant,
ecologically or environmentally, but peculiar color changes attributable to
variation in zooxanthellae density may be.  Some quantitative analysis of the
issue is definitely needed.
Ron Hill
NOAA/NMFS
Office of Habitat Conservation
>< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> >< <> ><
<> ><
1315 East-West Highway                      Phone:      (301) 713-2325 x. 138
SSMC3, #12624, F/HC                     Fax:        (301) 713-1043
Silver Spring, MD   20910                       e-mail:     ron.hill@noaa.gov
USA
____________________Reply Separator____________________
Subject:    Re: Singin' the blues
Author: buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu
Date:       6/17/98 10:03 PM
I can't stand it any longer.
The perceived 'color' of an object is the response of a sensor to the spectrum
of the light reflected by the object.  The strength and quality (wavelength
mix) of the signal reaching the sensor is a function of:
1.  The spectrum of the source of incident light (e.g., sun, strobe, flashbulb);
2.  The pathlength and optical characteristics of the medium that transmits
the incident light to the object;
3.  The pathlength and optical characteristics of the medium that transmits
the reflected light to the sensor.
4.  The spectral reflectance characteristics of the object; and
5.  Background or scattering contributions to the incident light signal (along
both paths).
But we're not through.
All sensors are not equal.  E.g., human eyes -- ever have an argument with
your significant other about what tie/shirt/suit looked good together? But
especially, film.  Most commercial films are tuned to generate a consensus
perception that is not too far from what people think they see in air, in
sunlight.  But the recipes for doing that vary, and so you may get quite
different responses-- between films as well as between environments -- in
other environments (e.g., flash, or indoor lighting, or low-light, or
underwater).  Special-purpose films (e.g., ultra high speed) may have special
responses. And, the colors in developed film (especially prints) may change
with time.  Further, now that digital processing and images are coming in,
computer adjustment of hues makes it impossible to know how the image relates
to what you were looking at in the first place(or at least, to convince anyone
else of some objective reality).
One point is -- of course the bloody things look different in and out of
water, at different depths, in pictures and in life, etc. etc.
Another point is -- verbal transmissions, and even comparison of images of
unspecified origins, can't possibly resolve most of the things people are
talking about.  You need (sorry) a quantitative, experimentally repeatable
definition of "blue," or at least one which controls for the largest of the
major variables listed above.  (Photosynthesis types at least specify PAR --
trying to figure out what a blue coral means is tougher, since we haven't
really specified the question as far as I can tell.)
I have no objection to people using the electronic medium to trade just-so
stories, but please designate a satellite list or some node so that they don't
wind up in my mailbox until the collection has been edited for public
 consumption.
2.  My own just-so story is that my recollection from a decade (the 70s) in
the water at various places around the Pacific is that Porites comes in tan,
brown, green, olive-drab, and a range of blues ranging from rather light to
near-purple.  Take it, and do what you want.
3.  One of keenest memories of learning about corals is that once when I
started waving my arms about ecology and evolution and other things of which I
knew little, Bob Kinzie told me "you have to remember that basically color in
corals doesn't mean much of anything."  I do not suggest that either of us
Bobs would defend that as an absolutely true statement applicable to all
issues, but I suspect it's still a pretty good first approximation.
'Nuff?
Bob Buddemeier, self-appointed curmudgeon
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Ave.
Lawrence, KS 66047
(913) 864-3965 w
(913) 864-5317 fax
buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 16 16:35:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA19841; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:35:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA00160; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 16:38:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma000124; Tue, 16 Jun 98 16:37:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04759; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 19:54:26 GMT
Received: from orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04754; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:54:22 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] by orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov via SMTP (950215.SGI.8.6.10/940406.SGI.AUTO)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA29069; Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 1998 15:55:17 -0400
Message-Id: <199806161955.PAA29069@orbit8i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Florida Keys -- Bleaching
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 304
HotSpots have enveloped the Florida Bay and the Keys on today's chart:
   http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.6.16.1998.gif
With any continued absence of cloud cover [and light winds] areas of the
Caribbean may be in for an increase in water temperatures and possible
bleaching.  Much of the Caribbean is within 0.5 deg C of levels critical for
initiating coral reef bleaching. [Ref: pinks & blues in the HotSpot charts].
Luckily, winds have been pretty brisk south of 20N:
   http://140.90.191.231/dataimages/ssmi/day/ssmi_ave578/ssmi98166_ave.gif
Cheers,
Al
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 18 18:03:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA01363; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 18:02:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA10849; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 18:05:17 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010841; Thu, 18 Jun 98 18:05:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA16437; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 21:11:13 GMT
Received: from chickasaw.gate.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA16431; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 17:11:09 -0400
Received: from LOCALNAME (tsmia1-225.gate.net [207.36.130.225]) by chickasaw.gate.net (8.8.6/8.6.12) with SMTP id RAA100646 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 18 Jun 1998 17:10:18 -0400
Message-ID: <35899D49.4AED@gate.net>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 1998 16:05:45 -0700
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
Reply-To: smiller@gate.net
Organization: NURC/UNCW
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0Gold (Win16; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ISRS/CMS Coral Reef Fellowship
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by chickasaw.gate.net id RAA100646
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA01363
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 305
International Society for Reef Studies and the Center for Marine
Conservation
1999 Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef Research
Introduction
	Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they
are globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal
economies.  Yet coral reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and
studies are needed to provide information to manage and understand
processes that cause coral reef change.  Funds are available,
approximately US$13,500, to support one student to work toward a Ph.D.
in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research.  The focus of the
Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to
management or disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural).
Research supported by the fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem
approach, recognizing the complex interplay among many processes that
shape the way coral reefs look and function.  For example, projects that
focus on factors that control productivity, nutrient dynamics, carbonate
accretion or erosion, fisheries recruitment, or the effects  of
exploitation of coral reef resources are examples of suitable topics.
Work is not restricted to these topics, but mechanistic controls should
be emphasized because this information is important in construction of
models that will predict reef response to disturbance.
Who can apply?
	The Fellowship is available to students, worldwide, who are already
admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university.  The intent
of the fellowship is to help Ph.D. students develop skills and to
address problems related to relevant applications of coral reef
ecosystem research and management.  The fellowship can be used to
support salary, travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. Renewal of
the fellowship is possible, but is based on annual resubmission.  The
student can work entirely at the host university, or can split time
between developed and developing country universities.  Given proposals
of equal scientific merit, priority will be based on financial need;
strong financial or in-kind support from local sources is also required.
Application materials
	A four page proposal, using 12 Font or larger, in English, is required
from prospective fellowship candidates.  The proposal should include (1)
an overview that places the proposed research in context with existing
literature and local needs, (2) a detailed methods section that includes
hypotheses and experimental design (as appropriate), (3) expected
results, (4) evidence of host country management relevance and
coordination (e.g. identification of individuals or programs that will
benefit from your results), (5) a detailed budget, and (6) literature
cited (the budget and literature cited sections do not count against the
four page limit).  Eight copies of the proposal must be provided.  The
students major professor is required to submit a CV (maximum length 3
pages) and a support letter, in English, that details cost sharing and
facility support.  If work will be conducted at a second university, a
support letter is required from the sponsoring  professor.  Applications
will be reviewed by a panel with ISRS and Center for Marine Conservation
participants; evaluation criteria include scientific merit, feasibility,
cost sharing, host country coordination, and relevancy to the Fellowship
guidelines.  Twenty four applications were received for support in 1997,
and twelve were received for 1998.
SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS OCTOBER 16, 1998
Administration of the Fellowship
	The International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) and the Center for
Marine Conservation (CMC) support the Fellowship through professional
and administrative contributions.  The mission of the ISRS is to promote
for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of
scientific knowledge and understanding concerning coral reefs, both
living and fossil.  The CMC is committed to protecting ocean
environments and conserving the global abundance and diversity of marine
life.  Through science-based advocacy, research, and public education,
CMC promotes informed citizen participation to reverse the degradation
of our oceans.
Application materials should be submitted, no later than October 16,
1998, to:
ISRS Recording Secretary
UNCW
515 Caribbean Drive
Key Largo, Florida 33037
S.Miller@gate.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 19 12:21:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09038; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 12:21:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA06837; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 12:24:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006780; Fri, 19 Jun 98 12:23:46 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA20271; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 15:48:03 GMT
Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA20266; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 11:47:46 -0400
Received: from uwimona.edu.jm by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.6.4/10.0)
	id LAA00726; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 11:50:20 -0400
Received: from localhost by uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA15381; Fri, 19 Jun 98 10:36:53-050
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 1998 10:36:52 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Housing for digital Handycam
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.980619103544.5377D-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 306
I am prospecting for a housing compatible with the Sony digital Handycam
camcorder.  I have a quotation on the Amphibico VH-1000.  But I recently
heard a rumour that these units are not as reliable as earlier models.
Does anyone have relevant experience or other recommendations?
Jeremy Woodley
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 19 14:29:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA11132; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 14:29:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA14528; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 14:32:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014518; Fri, 19 Jun 98 14:31:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA20768; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 18:01:26 GMT
Received: from wpmail.gbr.epa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA20763; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 14:01:22 -0400
Received: from gbdomain-Message_Server by wpmail.gbr.epa.gov
	with Novell_GroupWise; Fri, 19 Jun 1998 12:59:11 -0500
Message-Id: <s58a609f.063@wpmail.gbr.epa.gov>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 1998 12:58:16 -0500
From: JED CAMPBELL <CAMPBELL.JED@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, woodley@uwimona.edu.jm
Subject: Housing for digital Handycam -Reply
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 307
We currently have been using a Stingray housing from Light and Motion
Industries with a Sony Handicam.  To date the housing has been  user
friendly, durable, water tight, and allows for quality shots with minimal
setup effort.  Of course, as with all equipment taken underwater,
tomorrow could be a different story.  For now, we are very satisfied
with the Stingray Housing.  This should not be considered an
endorsement,  only as an observation.
jc
Light and Motion Industries
300 Cannery Row
Monterey, CA 93940
TEL (408) 645-1525
Fax: (408) 375-2517
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 22 02:16:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-iyor-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA18787 for <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 22 Jun 1998 02:16:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA23928; Mon, 22 Jun 1998 02:19:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023924; Mon, 22 Jun 98 02:18:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for iyor-list-outgoing id GAA02294; Mon, 22 Jun 1998 06:01:53 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <iyor-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA02285; Mon, 22 Jun 1998 02:01:49 -0400
Received: from rcz057.ust.hk ([143.89.113.237]:1194 "HELO RCZ057.ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with SMTP id <626975-11217>; Mon, 22 Jun 1998 13:52:49 +0800
Date: 	Mon, 22 Jun 1998 13:54:06 +0800 (Taipei Standard Time)
From: <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96L2.980622135303.-198447H-100000@RCZ057.ust.hk>
X-X-Sender: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-iyor-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 308
Dear all coral-listers,
	Here is the June Update for Reef Check 98.
Reef Check Update - June 22, 1998
We have lots of good news about Reef Check 1998, the second annual global survey of
coral reefs. If you are not familiar with Reef Check or participated last year and would
like to help out again, please see our website: www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
The global results for 1997 were stunning, and the value of the data will increase with
each year added.
1. Funding for National Coordinators
We are very grateful to the Rockefeller Brother's Fund for providing significant funding
for Reef Check 1998 in East Asia. In addition we have pledges of support from
UNESCO, UNEP and private foundations for modest support for other regions in 1998-9.
If you are a marine scientist or NGO staffer living or working in a developing country
where we do not have a national coordinator and you would like to form a Reef Check
team, we may be able to provide start-up funds and scientific training. Please read the
website to check our list of coordinators and then email us for instructions at
<reefchck@ust.hk>
2. New Countries Added
Our 1998 roster continues to expand with new countries and territories such as the US
Virgin Islands, Cambodia, Thailand, China, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Bangladesh among those
recently signing on. We need more volunteers from the Caribbean and Africa.
3. GCRMN / Reef Check / Reef Base Summit at the Hawaii Monitoring Workshop
The US state of Hawaii has finally decided to set up a coral reef monitoring and
management program. As a first step, Jim Maragos coordinated an impressive coral reef
monitoring workshop at the East-West Center in Honolulu 9-11 June. There was ample
opportunity for participants to review and evaluate many alternative monitoring methods
including Reef Check. Of the many discussions that appeared to achieve resolution, two
are relevant here: A) In addition to academic scientific research, two types of monitoring
are needed - high intensity, detailed taxonomic monitoring at selected sites by
government agencies, and lower intensity, "community-based" monitoring at many sites
using teams of skin divers, recreational scuba divers and scientists. B) Community-based
monitoring, as part of a coastal management plan provides a solution to coral reef
problems by building up a sense of stewardship in the community. C) It was agreed that
Reef Check methods were suitable for volunteers to use in Hawaii.
During the workshop, meetings were held to solidify the already strong relationships
among Reef Check, GCRMN and Reef Base. In short, the previous agreement that
GCRMN would promote Reef Check as the GCRMN community-based monitoring
method in all countries was reaffirmed. In addition, in countries where there is already a
sufficient capacity to plan and carry out government level monitoring, Reef Check has
agreed to promote a  second,  more intensive set of methods recommended for use by
government and academic teams, based in part on the English et al. Survey Manual for
Tropical Marine Resources, but also including other methods as needed. For both
protocols, a core set would be recommended for use in all countries with each country
and locale adding whatever additional methods were needed. Finally, the decision to
supply all Reef Check data to Reef Base was reaffirmed.
The clear message from Hawaii is that scientists and managers alike are in no mood for
silly arguments about methods. Collaboration, compromise and getting people into the
water now are the order of the day.
4. Reef Check Hawaii and Clean Oceans 98
Some of you will recall that in 1997, Reef Check was kicked off in spectacular fashion on
the island of Kauai by the environmental group Save Our Seas. This year, from June 11
to 13, Carl Stepath and his wife Teresa put on another Save Our Seas/Reef Check
extravaganza, this time on Maui. On the night of 12 June, the Clean Oceans 98
underwater film festival was attended by hundreds, including renowned Maui marine
artist Christian Lassen who has brought humpbacked whales and coral reefs into many
living rooms around the world. Saturday morning, Carl organized a dawn patrol Reef
Check field training at Kapalua Bay and over 25 team leaders and divers attended. Thank
you Carl (and Frannie of Maui Community College) for motivating such a good group to
take part. At last word, Carl and daughter Sonrisa were planning a full-scale Reef Check
attack on at least six of the lower Hawaiian Islands. Alan Fong, Jeff Kuwabara and John
Cullinane of Hanauma Bay Marine Park volunteered to get Reef Check started on Oahu.
Jim Maragos helped with a much needed review and revision of the Reef Check indicator
organisms appropriate for Hawaii.
5.  Global Warming 9, Hong Kong
Despite a massive downpour that turned HK's streets into rivers, a Reef Check
presentation and poster on 9 June at the GW9 Conference at HKUST were well attended.
As many will remember, last January, Bob Buddemeier et al. concluded that the biggest
threat to coral reefs from global change is a rise in atmospheric CO2 that will, through a
complex series of reactions, lead to reduced calcification by reef corals. Taking these
conclusions to heart, the question was asked as to how we would detect a global change
in coral reefs if there is no global network of monitoring? The presentations suggested
that the Reef Check network provides a platform to monitor such changes, and the
addition of special methods to detect such changes could be accommodated as required.
6. Meeting reminders:
All team scientists are invited to make regional, national or local scale presentations of
Reef Check results at the ISRS meeting in Perpignan, France this September 1998 and to
participate in the ITMEMS Workshop in Townsville, Australia - November 1998. If
there is sufficient demand, a free Reef Check training session will be held at both venues.
7. New Assistant Coordinator in Hong Kong
Suzie Geermans, our energetic and multi-talented assistant has decided to return to her
 native Australia for personal reasons. We wish her and partner John good luck. The new
Assistant Coordinator is Keith Kei, a diving instructor with a Master's degree in marine
biology. The Reef Check email address remains unchanged at <reefchck@ust.hk>.
8. 1998 Methods and Deadline Reminder
1998 data sets are already flowing into headquarters. We remind all 1997 teams to
download the revised 1998 methods and spreadsheets. All teams need to register to
participate. Please send us the data ASAP once the survey is finished to avoid QA/QC
problems. Remember that the deadline for fieldwork is 30 September, 1998.
Please send us brief reports now of your planned and completed Reef Check activities
(training, surveys, press reports etc) for inclusion in our next update in July.
THE END
Regards
Keith Kei
Assistant Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Applied Technology Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay Kowloon  HONG KONG
Tel:	(852) 2358-6936
Fax:	(852) 2358-1334
e-mail:	reefchck@ust.hk
web site: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 05:22:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA01016; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:22:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12515; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:25:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012505; Tue, 23 Jun 98 05:25:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08306; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 08:23:03 GMT
Message-Id: <199806230823.IAA08306@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Helen Walker <helen@coral-sea.com.au>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Marine Books
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 1998 09:44:10 +1000
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 309
Dear Coral Listers
For all of you out there who are still searching for particular marine
science books, have you seen the Coral Sea Imagery Web page?
" http://www.coral-sea.com.au/bookshop"
This follows an enquiry from a member last month searching for 'Coral of
Australia' by Veron.  Coral Sea Imagery will be taking stock of this
title very soon but in the mean time have a great selection of other
high quality publications on offer.
Helen Walker
(Distribution Manager)
Coral Sea Imagery
PO Box 2186
Townsville
QLD 4810
Tel: 0747 211633
Fax: 0747 211477
Check out our online catalogue " http://www.coral-sea.com.au/bookshop"
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 05:22:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA01015; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:22:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12513; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:25:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012504; Tue, 23 Jun 98 05:25:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08349; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 08:26:18 GMT
Message-Id: <199806230826.IAA08349@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Steve Gardner - Coral Sea Imagery <Steve@coral-sea.com.au>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Housing for digital Handycam
Date: Sun, 21 Jun 1998 02:37:12 +1000
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 310
The Amphibico housings have problems with the buttons which can & do snap
off or pop out causing the housing to flood.  I know of several accounts
where this has happened including two instances where this happened to me
on the same shoot with two different housings.
Stingray housings do seem to have many testimonies as being reliable
workhorse units..
Dr. Erik Meesters at the Johannes Gutenberg University in Germany recently
compiled information and reports on various housings for DV cameras which
was posted on the internet... I don't seem to have the URL on my laptop
but you could contact Erik through the coral-list.
Hope this helps...
Cheers
Steve
Steve Gardner
Underwater Cameraman
Coral Sea Imagery
Townsville
Australia
Tel:  +61 747 211633
Fax: +61 747 211477
Email: Steve@coral-sea.com.au
-----Original Message-----
From:	Jeremy Woodley [SMTP:woodley@uwimona.edu.jm]
Sent:	Saturday, 20 June 1998 1:37
To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:	Housing for digital Handycam
I am prospecting for a housing compatible with the Sony digital Handycam
camcorder.  I have a quotation on the Amphibico VH-1000.  But I recently
heard a rumour that these units are not as reliable as earlier models.
Does anyone have relevant experience or other recommendations?
Jeremy Woodley
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 05:22:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA01017; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:22:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12511; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:25:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012502; Tue, 23 Jun 98 05:25:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08336; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 08:24:30 GMT
Message-Id: <199806230824.IAA08336@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Helen Walker <helen@coral-sea.com.au>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: International Coral Conference
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 1998 10:03:28 +1000
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 311
Dear Coral Listers
Could anyone tell me the dates of the International Coral Conference in
France and exactly where it is being held.
Thanks!
Helen Walker
(Distribution Manager)
Coral Sea Imagery
PO Box 2186
Townsville
QLD 4810
Tel: 0747 211633
Fax: 0747 211477
Check out our online catalogue " http://www.coral-sea.com.au/bookshop"
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 05:23:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA01101; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:23:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12547; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:26:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012534; Tue, 23 Jun 98 05:26:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08294; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 08:21:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199806230821.IAA08294@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 13:21:17 -0400 (EDT)
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Housing for digital Handycam
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 312
I have the TRV7 Amphibico for the Sony CCD TRV7 digital camera and it has
performed very well.  We have used Amphibico housings for ten years and have
been very satisfied with performance and service from the company.  They have
always given us great service.  A certain other company that I won't mention by
name has service that is not satisfactory.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 05:25:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA01130; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:25:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12585; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 05:28:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012581; Tue, 23 Jun 98 05:28:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08284; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 08:20:42 GMT
Message-Id: <199806230820.IAA08284@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 22 Jun 1998 12:28:16 -0400
From: Claudia Tejada <claudia@wri.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ** New from World Resources Institute: Reefs at Risk **
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 313
NEW FROM WORLD RESOURCES INSTITUTE
==================================
REEFS AT RISK: A Map-based Indicator of
Potential Threats to the World's Coral Reefs
(June 23, 1998). During this International Year of the Ocean, the World
Resources Institute (WRI) presents a startling new report that highlights
the biological and economic value of coral reefs.  This first detailed
map-based global assessment, produced through a partnership with the
International Center for Living Aquatic Resource Management (ICLARM),
the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC), and the United
Nations Environment Programme (UNEP),  is the first global assessment
of coral reefs to map areas at risk from human activity, ranging from
coastal development and over fishing to inland and marine pollution.
The Reefs at Risk study finds that nearly 60 percent of the earth's coral
reefs are threatened by human activity, leaving much of the world's
marine biodiversity at risk. In addition, the report concludes that while
reefs provide billions of people and hundreds of countries with food,
tourism revenue, coastal protection and new medications for
increasingly drug-resistant diseases -- worth about $375 billion each
year -- they are among the least monitored and protected natural
habitats in the world.
Visit the Reefs at Risk website at:
     http://www.wri.org/wri/indicatrs/reefrisk.htm
* to download maps, text and coral reef images
* listen to the RealAudio broadcast of the June 23 news conference
(9:30 a.m. E.S.T.)
* connect to coral reef resources on the internet.
To order Reefs at Risk, call 1-800-822-0504 or visit
     http://www.wri.org/wri/
--------------------------
The mission of World Resources Institute (WRI) is to move human
society to live in ways that protect the Earth's environment and its
capacity to provide for the needs and aspirations of current and future
generations.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 14:37:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA05481; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:37:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA07515; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:39:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007482; Tue, 23 Jun 98 14:39:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA10657; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 17:57:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199806231757.RAA10657@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 04 Jan 1980 21:05:57
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Philippe Coyault <philippe.coyault@oceanopolis.galeode.fr>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 314
Dear readers,
Oceanopolis, a Scientific, Technical and Industrial Centre dedicated to the
sea, located at the far end of Brittany, in France, presents since 1990
aquariums showing the marine animal-life and flora of the North-East
Atlantic marine ecosystems.
Some exhibitions and many multimedia products complete these presentations.
The educational vocation of our equipment is very marked for we welcome
many school groups.
During the spring of the year 2000, Oceanopolis will open two new wings,
one about the tropical ecosystems, the other one concerning the polar
ecosystems, and will thus become the first European Leisure and Science
Park dedicated to the sea. Our request takes place in this context.
So as to complete our presentation of the tropical ecosystems, we intend
to show our public numerous multimedia documents. This project is carried
out in collaboration with scientific institutes such as the ORSTOM, at
Brest (about the tropical wing).  That is why we would be very interested
in finding some films, animated films, videos or pictures concerning the
following subjects :
- life in coral reefs,
- geology,
- biology of the marine species...
If you have got things that could meet our needs, or if you happen to know
someone who could get in touch with us and be of some help, please contact
us at this address :
philippe.coyault@oceanopolis.galeode.fr
Many thanks in advance!
Best regards,
Philippe Coyault
Responsible for the audiovisual department of Oceanopolis
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 18:22:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09249; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 18:22:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA18794; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 18:25:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018790; Tue, 23 Jun 98 18:24:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11535; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:32:32 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11530; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 17:32:28 -0400
Received: (qmail 1481 invoked by uid 0); 23 Jun 1998 21:32:47 -0000
Message-ID: <19980623213247.1480.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 153.37.72.66 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:32:47 PDT
X-Originating-IP: [153.37.72.66]
From: "eric roach" <ericroach@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: underwater GPS?
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:32:47 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 315
Does anyone possess product information for any sort of underwater GPS
or any ideas of how to make one?
Eric Roach
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 18:33:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09313; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 18:33:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA18938; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 18:36:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018933; Tue, 23 Jun 98 18:35:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11620; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:53:30 GMT
Received: from riptide.wavetech.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11614; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 17:53:24 -0400
From: kubicki@wavetech.net
Received: from none.wavetech.net (pm-4-114.dynam.WaveTech.net [206.146.145.115])
	by riptide.wavetech.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id QAA12540
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 16:47:42 -0500 (CDT)
Message-ID: <359023D8.27D9@wavetech.net>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1998 16:53:28 -0500
Reply-To: kubicki@wavetech.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Please take us off the list
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 316
For those of you who have written to Brian and not heard from him it is
because he is in Costa Rica.  He is there to study glass frogs and will
be working with the Univ. Of C.R. in San Jose to help them set up tanks
in their new Marine Dept.  If you need to get a hold of him you can
still e-mail at his current e-mail address and I can forward it to him.
To the Coral List:  Could you please take us off the list while Brian is
away? Thank you.
Brian's mom
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 20:26:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA10306; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 20:25:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA21398; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 20:28:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021347; Tue, 23 Jun 98 20:27:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA12047; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 23:50:20 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA12041; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 19:50:16 -0400
From: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 19:51:17 -0500
Message-ID: <F8F58F3501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1998 19:50:47 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs At Risk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 317
A report entitled "Reefs at Risk" was released at a National Press Club
press conference today by the World Resources Institute, ICLARM, WCMC,
and UNEP.  In addition to this impressive group of producers, the
National Press Club event was introduced by NOAA's Terry Garcia, Asst
Sec. for Oceans and Atmosphere, Sylvia Earle wrote the opening section,
and the contributing authors and reviewers include a virtual who's who of
coral reef researchers and personalities.  The attractive report does a
good job of identifying the major threats to coral reefs:
overexploitation (fishing, etc.), pollution (especially land-based), and
coastal development (which contributes to the others).
Nonetheless, I can't help but question some of the report's conclusions,
findings, and assumptions.  These include:
(1) The reefs of the Florida Keys face only moderate threat overall?
(2) The reefs of the Windward and Leeward islands face greater threat
than those of the Florida Keys?
(3) The reefs of Southern Belize face greater threat than those of the
Florida Keys?
(4) Overexploitation is only a threat to those reefs in countries whose
per capita GNP is < $10,000/year or whose per capita fish consumption is
> 50 Kilograms/person/year?
#4 seems particularly disturbing to me as it seems to be an unjustified
assumption that while noted, is not explained, and may be responsible in
part for the erroneous conclusions reached in #1,#2, and #3, and perhaps
others.  This unjustified assumption lead to overexploitation being
ignored as a contributing factor to reef degradation in the United
States, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, and the
Bahamas.  Since I participated in the initial methodology workshop for
this report back in August of 1997, I know that the contribution of
overexploitation/fishing to reef degradation was flagged and highlighted
at that workshop by numerous reviewers.
Since no explanation is given in the report for exempting these countries
from consideration of fishing impacts, one might speculate that political
considerations were involved.  Am I missing something?   What do others
think?
**************************************************************************
*******************************************
Jack Sobel, Director
Ecosystem Protection
Center for Marine Conservation
Washington, DC  20036
(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
Fax: (202)872-0619
Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
**************************************************************************
******************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 23 21:58:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA10675; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:58:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA22300; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 22:00:54 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022293; Tue, 23 Jun 98 22:00:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA12362; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 01:08:53 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA12357; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:08:44 -0400
Received: from damsel.bu.edu (DAMSEL.BU.EDU [128.197.80.199])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id VAA17487;
	Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:08:50 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19980624011703.00956ba8@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: kava@bio.bu.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:17:03 -0400
To: fish-sci@segate.sunet.se, fish-ecology@helios.ulpgc.es,
        kshaw@oeb.harvard.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kathryn Kavanagh <kava@bu.edu>
Subject: DNA degradation -- summary
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id VAA10675
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 318
Dear Listmembers--
Awhile back I asked for ideas about problems we had with degraded DNA from
the pomacentrid fish _Acanthochromis polyacanthus_.  Thanks to all the many
people who replied -- it generated a lot of interest!  I have summarized and
pasted relevant parts of the replies below.  For those not interested, sorry
for the long message! Again, thanks to everyone for the help.
Kathy
----DNA degradation problems with other species----:
Butterflyfish from the Red Sea.
Squid.
Perch.
Parrotfish.
-----Suggestions for methods-----:
1) I am a graduate student working with triggerfish DNA, and I initially
thought I had encountered this same problem.  I extracted DNA from fin
clippings (however, first transferred to SED preservative) and frozen
tissue with success using a Qiagen kit, and various methods, respectively.
I am by no means an expert in this field, but I hope I can offer some
clues.  I was wondering on what basis are you determining that your DNA is
degraded?
2) This may not be your problem, but here is the situation I encountered when
 I was getting highly degraded DNA from squid.  I do extractions somewhat
similarly to what you do; the major difference may be that I do them in 1.5 ml
tubes.  There are three things that I found necessary to avoid the degradation:
(1) use very small pieces of tissue (on average about 10-15 mg and only 1 mm
thick); (2) crush them immediately in the grinding buffer (i.e., crush the
tissue from one specimen before taking tissue from the next specimen); and (3)
have the buffer already hot (tubes in the hot block at 55 C with condensation
having formed under the lid).  If I skipped any of these points, the quality of
the DNA prep would be lessened; but, it was especially critical not to use too
much tissue.  Given that you are doing phenol-type preps, you should consider
using "phase-lock gel tubes".  They do a wonderful job of sequestering the
phenol below the gel phase and the buffer above the gel... so there is no need
to avoid getting the precipitated protein transferred.  Also, I do the entire
extraction (the phenol etc. steps) in one tube and never have to pipette...
just decant.
3) what form of extraction buffer are you using i.e. does it
contain EDTA or any chemical which will inhibit the action
of DNAses during the digestion of the tissue.  I ask this
because I once tried using a buffer composed of Tris, KCl
and Tween, and found huge levels of degredation. The
addition of EDTA largely overcame this.
4) About your DNA problem the only thing I can tell you is that I am
using the same method as you, I mean the phenol/chloroform extraction
and I tried that on tissue, gills and fin clips too. I didn't have any
big problem. It is true that with the fin clips I always had to
extract more than with tissues (4-5 times instead of 2-3 usually with
gills) but I suppose this is due a lots of tanin and proteins. Some
peole in the lab who have experienced dirt extraction and problems
with PCR afterwards use dialysis to obtain DNA and not precipitation
with ammoniac acetyl as I do (and as you maybe do) and it is true
that you obtain a very clean DNA for just one day more of time. I am
personnaly happy with the phenol extraction and ammoniac acetyl
precipitation and did not have any big problem with the Pomacentrids
I have extracted until now, except the 3 specimens I have from
Amphiprion Perideraion, but I have to try again.
5) I am working with shrimp. I have not encountered any suchproblen yet. I
use CsCl gradient for extraction of both RNA and DNA from
same sample. For DNA extraction I do proteinase K treatment followed by
Phe: Chl extraction and routinely obtain good quality of DNA.
In your case some how you seem to have DNase contamination or the
tissues you are using might have gone apoptosis. You may like to
see a recent article in Marine Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,
1996, 5($): 295-298 where they have used fins and scale of fishes to extract
DNA. Also see many cross referred articles.
6) Degradation. ugghhh. I use fin clips and liver, but I have used the kit
from Bio 101, and the protocol calls for a 30-120 minute incubation. I
use less time if I think the samlple is going to be degraded (~30min).
After following the protocol I spin down the DNA and resuspend in 25uL of
H20. The advantage of the protocol is that it only takes about an hour
and you can run your results on a gel right away to dtermine your amount
of degradation. If you are trying to amplify a small area (I'm using 12S
mtDNA) and the area if so small degradation isnt really a problem for PCR.
Also, you might try storing your fin clips in a buffer like NET* to help
avoid degredation.
7) I noticed your request for ideas to extract DNA and remembered that we had
a similar problem with perch DNA. We solved it by increasing the lysis
buffert concentration of EDTA from 10 mM to 50 mM and increasing SDS from
0.5 to 2 %. Except for these two ingredients our lysis buffert contains
Tris-Hcl ph 8.5 100 mM and NaCl 20mM.
8)I experienced the same problem extracting DNA from dried blood, larvae and
fin clippings of parrotfish. Apparently fish have a high level of
endonuclease activity. Adding 0.5 % SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate)to the lysis
buffer and incubation with proteinase K at 55C in stead of 37C did the trick
in my case.
Here's the first part of my fish DNA extraction protocol:
Day 1 (late afternoon):
1 put larva or fin clip in 2,2 ml eppendorf tube, containing 1 ml TES; 0,5% SDS
2 add 10 m l protenase K, mix well
3 incubate overnight at 55EC
9)We have had similar problems with consistently obtaining
high-quality DNA from fish tissues. In particular, we have found that
while many preps will work to get DNA of sufficient quality for PCR,
mapping, etc., the DNA is not of high molecular weight for some other
more demanding protocols. In fact, we have often extracted mouse DNA in
parallel trials with the fish using such gentle methods as Recoverease,
Qiagen columns, etc. only to find the fish DNA can be highly degraded.
Fortunately, we have come up with a couple methods that result in very
good quality DNA and will be happy to pass them on. However, I  would
like more details from various researchers that have had some problems
with the fish DNA. There really does appear to be something to the
observation that "fish don't keep" and DNA degradation.
10) regarding your DNA degradation problems...my experience is that as
long as you have fragments greater than the size of your expected PCR
product, the shearing you are talking about should not be a problem.  I
like to use a 'silica matrix' or DAEA DNA extraction format (GENECLEAN or
QIAGEN).  I get less shearing because, I believe, there is less vortexing
involved.  Excessive pipetting will also result in shearing.
11)  I'm a PhD student at the University of Tasmania, doing some molecular
phylogenetic and population genetic work on cirrhitoid fishes. You have an
interesting question. By degradation I assume that you have extracted the
DNA, treated it with RNase, run it out on a gel, and only observed low
molecular weight material. I guess you're confident of your material. Fin
clip from live fish should be good, but frozen can be highly degraded, even
if handled by protein electrophoresis people that should be careful. That
leaves the extraction technique. Your proteinase K should knock out DNases,
so that shouldn't be a problem, and some people don't prot K and get away
with it. Other potential sources of degradation.....vortexing during
phenol-chloroforms or shaking really vigorously can cause mechanical
degradation. Also, check your phenol. If oxidised, or not equilibrated
properly it could be chewing the DNA a bit. Other than that, I'm stumped.
Maybe really high DNase levels/activities? Try side-by-side DNA extraction
with material that has been extracted "sucessfully" previously, or a
different technique (ask qiagen or whoever for a free sample of their
tissue prep kit).
[that's all!]
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 09:24:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA15044; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 09:24:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA06340; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 09:27:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006276; Wed, 24 Jun 98 09:26:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA14611; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 12:22:25 GMT
Received: from zeus.zeus.cofc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA14606; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 08:22:21 -0400
Received: from elmo2.cofc.edu by zeus.zeus.cofc.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id IAA11861; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 08:21:55 -0400
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980624083255.0075d9cc@zeus.cofc.edu>
X-Sender: pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 08:32:56 -0700
To: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 319
Don't worry Jack- the reefs of the Florida Keys as we once knew them will
be gone soon so no one will have to worry about the problem unless we get
mobilized ASAP and really do something beside monitor and "keep a smiley
face on it" for the sake of the economy.
					Phil.
At 07:50 PM 6/23/98 -0400, sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com wrote:
>A report entitled "Reefs at Risk" was released at a National Press Club
>press conference today by the World Resources Institute, ICLARM, WCMC,
>and UNEP.  In addition to this impressive group of producers, the
>National Press Club event was introduced by NOAA's Terry Garcia, Asst
>Sec. for Oceans and Atmosphere, Sylvia Earle wrote the opening section,
>and the contributing authors and reviewers include a virtual who's who of
>coral reef researchers and personalities.  The attractive report does a
>good job of identifying the major threats to coral reefs:
>overexploitation (fishing, etc.), pollution (especially land-based), and
>coastal development (which contributes to the others).
>
>Nonetheless, I can't help but question some of the report's conclusions,
>findings, and assumptions.  These include:
>
>(1) The reefs of the Florida Keys face only moderate threat overall?
>(2) The reefs of the Windward and Leeward islands face greater threat
>than those of the Florida Keys?
>(3) The reefs of Southern Belize face greater threat than those of the
>Florida Keys?
>(4) Overexploitation is only a threat to those reefs in countries whose
>per capita GNP is < $10,000/year or whose per capita fish consumption is
>> 50 Kilograms/person/year?
>
>#4 seems particularly disturbing to me as it seems to be an unjustified
>assumption that while noted, is not explained, and may be responsible in
>part for the erroneous conclusions reached in #1,#2, and #3, and perhaps
>others.  This unjustified assumption lead to overexploitation being
>ignored as a contributing factor to reef degradation in the United
>States, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, and the
>Bahamas.  Since I participated in the initial methodology workshop for
>this report back in August of 1997, I know that the contribution of
>overexploitation/fishing to reef degradation was flagged and highlighted
>at that workshop by numerous reviewers.
>
>Since no explanation is given in the report for exempting these countries
>from consideration of fishing impacts, one might speculate that political
>considerations were involved.  Am I missing something?   What do others
>think?
>**************************************************************************
>*******************************************
>Jack Sobel, Director
>Ecosystem Protection
>Center for Marine Conservation
>Washington, DC  20036
>(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
>Fax: (202)872-0619
>Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
>
>"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
>'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
>part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
>course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
>who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
>and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
>Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
>**************************************************************************
>******************************************
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 13:25:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA18152; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 13:25:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA26400; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 13:27:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026380; Wed, 24 Jun 98 13:27:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA15856; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 16:45:40 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA15851; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 12:45:34 -0400
Received: from localhost (pmuller@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA03466;
	Wed, 24 Jun 1998 12:45:44 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 12:45:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
In-Reply-To: <F8F58F3501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980624123652.2663A-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 320
Re: Jack Sobel's specific questions:
Please see page 51 of the "Reefs at Risk" report: "Comments on the Reefs
at Risk Indicator"
Items 1 and 2 under Tropical Americas specifically deal with the
potential underestimate of the threat classification for the
Florida Keys and the overestimate for the reefs off southern Belize.
Threats to Florida Keys reefs are also discussed on page 32 in
the section "Twelve Reefs at Risk".
Pamela Hallock Muller
Department of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA
pmuller@marine.usf.edu
Phone: 813-553-1567
FAX: 813-553-1189
"Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what
nobody has thought."  - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi -
On Tue, 23 Jun 1998 sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com wrote:
> A report entitled "Reefs at Risk" was released at a National Press Club
> press conference today by the World Resources Institute, ICLARM, WCMC,
> and UNEP.  In addition to this impressive group of producers, the
> National Press Club event was introduced by NOAA's Terry Garcia, Asst
> Sec. for Oceans and Atmosphere, Sylvia Earle wrote the opening section,
> and the contributing authors and reviewers include a virtual who's who of
> coral reef researchers and personalities.  The attractive report does a
> good job of identifying the major threats to coral reefs:
> overexploitation (fishing, etc.), pollution (especially land-based), and
> coastal development (which contributes to the others).
>
> Nonetheless, I can't help but question some of the report's conclusions,
> findings, and assumptions.  These include:
>
> (1) The reefs of the Florida Keys face only moderate threat overall?
> (2) The reefs of the Windward and Leeward islands face greater threat
> than those of the Florida Keys?
> (3) The reefs of Southern Belize face greater threat than those of the
> Florida Keys?
> (4) Overexploitation is only a threat to those reefs in countries whose
> per capita GNP is < $10,000/year or whose per capita fish consumption is
> > 50 Kilograms/person/year?
>
> #4 seems particularly disturbing to me as it seems to be an unjustified
> assumption that while noted, is not explained, and may be responsible in
> part for the erroneous conclusions reached in #1,#2, and #3, and perhaps
> others.  This unjustified assumption lead to overexploitation being
> ignored as a contributing factor to reef degradation in the United
> States, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, and the
> Bahamas.  Since I participated in the initial methodology workshop for
> this report back in August of 1997, I know that the contribution of
> overexploitation/fishing to reef degradation was flagged and highlighted
> at that workshop by numerous reviewers.
>
> Since no explanation is given in the report for exempting these countries
> from consideration of fishing impacts, one might speculate that political
> considerations were involved.  Am I missing something?   What do others
> think?
> **************************************************************************
> *******************************************
> Jack Sobel, Director
> Ecosystem Protection
> Center for Marine Conservation
> Washington, DC  20036
> (202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
> Fax: (202)872-0619
> Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
>
> "The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
> 'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
> part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
> course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
> who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
> and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
> Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
> **************************************************************************
> ******************************************
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 15:03:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA19396; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 15:03:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA03290; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 15:06:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003252; Wed, 24 Jun 98 15:05:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA16316; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 18:12:44 GMT
Received: from onondaga.gate.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA16311; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 14:12:39 -0400
Received: from gate.net (monal2-61.gate.net [207.36.9.124]) by onondaga.gate.net (8.8.6/8.6.12) with ESMTP id OAA150580; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 14:12:38 -0400
Message-ID: <3591407A.611488AE@gate.net>
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 14:07:55 -0400
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
Reply-To: smiller@gate.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
CC: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com, pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu,
        coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
References: <3.0.32.19980624083255.0075d9cc@zeus.cofc.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 321
Dear Phil,
I have a problem with the "chicken little" approach that is often used in
public forums to generate support, controversy, or conflict.    And even if
"the sky is falling" I think that it's important not to oversimplify by
suggesting simple solutions (or even any solution) to problems as complex as
coral reef condition - especially in Florida.  I don't think that anyone
disagrees about the decline of reefs in Florida (and throughout the Caribbean),
but since you imply that there are more actions to take - what exactly do you
think anyone can do to make a difference?
Don't you agree that the two biggest factors related to decreased coral cover
and increased algae on reefs in Florida and throughout the Caribbean are white
band disease and the Diadema dieoff, respectively?   If water quality is a
problem isn't it more likely related to factors that affect the entire
Caribbean basin and Gulf of Mexico (due to river runoff from the Great Rivers
of South America and the Mississippi), and not local sewage disposal practices
(at least there is no evidence that sewage is causing problems on the reefs in
Florida - in canals and enclosed nearshore waters yes, but not offshore)?
Further, in Florida we are at the northern geographic limit for active reef
growth and the system sees significant natural system variation related to
temperature (it can get quite cold in the winter), and perhaps other factors
related to the Gulf Stream and upwelling.   And there is a lot more to say
about complexity; I know that you understand all of this.
One solution, already implemented, is to provide no-take protection to reef
areas, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has a world-class
management program in place (and monitoring program) with many no-take areas.
So, again, what exactly do we need to mobilize?  And why?
I've posted this to the list-server in reply to your first note because I
consider this a public forum and not one that is scientific.   And everyone is
free to rant without review, but you do leave yourself open for rebuttal.
Please don't get the wrong idea, I would like to hear the positive steps you
think are needed to turn things around - in our lifetime or the next several,
since that probably matches up better with processes related to how reefs
grow.  I ask this for a practical reason too, since I have program management
responsibilities for a fairly large and competitively driven coral research
program in Florida.  I look forward to talking with you, perhaps by phone or
directly by email is best.
Steven Miller, Ph.D.
Associate Director, Florida Program
National Undersea Research Center
University of North Carolina at Wilmington
305-451-0233
http://www.uncwil.edu/nurc/
http://www.uncwil.edu/nurc/aquarius
Phillip Dustan wrote:
> Don't worry Jack- the reefs of the Florida Keys as we once knew them will
> be gone soon so no one will have to worry about the problem unless we get
> mobilized ASAP and really do something beside monitor and "keep a smiley
> face on it" for the sake of the economy.
>                                         Phil.
>
> At 07:50 PM 6/23/98 -0400, sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com wrote:
> >A report entitled "Reefs at Risk" was released at a National Press Club
> >press conference today by the World Resources Institute, ICLARM, WCMC,
> >and UNEP.  In addition to this impressive group of producers, the
> >National Press Club event was introduced by NOAA's Terry Garcia, Asst
> >Sec. for Oceans and Atmosphere, Sylvia Earle wrote the opening section,
> >and the contributing authors and reviewers include a virtual who's who of
> >coral reef researchers and personalities.  The attractive report does a
> >good job of identifying the major threats to coral reefs:
> >overexploitation (fishing, etc.), pollution (especially land-based), and
> >coastal development (which contributes to the others).
> >
> >Nonetheless, I can't help but question some of the report's conclusions,
> >findings, and assumptions.  These include:
> >
> >(1) The reefs of the Florida Keys face only moderate threat overall?
> >(2) The reefs of the Windward and Leeward islands face greater threat
> >than those of the Florida Keys?
> >(3) The reefs of Southern Belize face greater threat than those of the
> >Florida Keys?
> >(4) Overexploitation is only a threat to those reefs in countries whose
> >per capita GNP is < $10,000/year or whose per capita fish consumption is
> >> 50 Kilograms/person/year?
> >
> >#4 seems particularly disturbing to me as it seems to be an unjustified
> >assumption that while noted, is not explained, and may be responsible in
> >part for the erroneous conclusions reached in #1,#2, and #3, and perhaps
> >others.  This unjustified assumption lead to overexploitation being
> >ignored as a contributing factor to reef degradation in the United
> >States, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, and the
> >Bahamas.  Since I participated in the initial methodology workshop for
> >this report back in August of 1997, I know that the contribution of
> >overexploitation/fishing to reef degradation was flagged and highlighted
> >at that workshop by numerous reviewers.
> >
> >Since no explanation is given in the report for exempting these countries
> >from consideration of fishing impacts, one might speculate that political
> >considerations were involved.  Am I missing something?   What do others
> >think?
> >**************************************************************************
> >*******************************************
> >Jack Sobel, Director
> >Ecosystem Protection
> >Center for Marine Conservation
> >Washington, DC  20036
> >(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
> >Fax: (202)872-0619
> >Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
> >
> >"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
> >'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
> >part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
> >course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
> >who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
> >and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
> >Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
> >**************************************************************************
> >******************************************
> >
> >
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 16:41:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA20486; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 16:41:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA10448; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 16:43:59 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010432; Wed, 24 Jun 98 16:43:48 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA16915; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 19:53:19 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA16910; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 15:53:14 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA17783
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 15:50:31 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1313418494.75004@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 24 Jun 1998 15:52:10 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: underwater GPS?
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA20486
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 322
                           Subject:                         Time:   10:52 AM
                           RE>underwater GPS?               Date:   6/24/98
GPS works using a near-microwave radio signal transmitted from the satellites.  These frquencies have no ability to transmit through water.  The greatest loss (attenuation) of signal in the atmosphere is due to water vapor.  Just think about what happens when you place water in a microwave -- the water gets hot due to exchange of energy from the microwaves to the absorbing material.
Most marine GPS units are water resistant and can be used at the surface while snorkeling.  The unit could be placed on a surface buoy tethered to a scuba diver.
It is POSSIBLE to have a surface antenna with a coaxial cable run to a submerged GPS.  However, the signal losses over coaxial cable are so high that this would not be practical.
Cheers, Mark
--------------------------------------
Date: 6/23/98 6:43 PM
To: Mark Eakin
From: eric roach
Does anyone possess product information for any sort of underwater GPS
or any ideas of how to make one?
Eric Roach
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
------------------ RFC822 Header Follows ------------------
Received: by ogp.noaa.gov with ADMIN;23 Jun 1998 18:41:16 U
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA11535; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 21:32:32 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11530; Tue, 23 Jun 1998 17:32:28 -0400
Received: (qmail 1481 invoked by uid 0); 23 Jun 1998 21:32:47 -0000
Message-ID: <19980623213247.1480.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 153.37.72.66 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:32:47 PDT
X-Originating-IP: [153.37.72.66]
From: "eric roach" <ericroach@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: underwater GPS?
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 1998 14:32:47 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 17:59:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA21066; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:59:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA13841; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 18:02:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013832; Wed, 24 Jun 98 18:01:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA17318; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:18:32 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA17313; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:18:26 -0400
Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id RAA12460
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:18:38 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806242118.RAA12460@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:29:56 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 323
Dear Steve and Phil and everybody,
Reef decline appears to have been widespread in the tropical west Atlantic
over the past two decades.  Most prominent is the reduction in prevalence
of acroporid corals, and increase, in many places, of macrophytes.  Belize
was unusual in that when the acroporids began to vanish, there was an
endemic agariciid (absent elsewhere in the region) that could serve as a
partial functional replacement, and it did.
Since the original high-coral coverage condition is more highly valued than
what we are seeing more of today, it would undoubtedly be most productive
to:
        1.  appreciate natural trends toward regeneration, and their scaling
        2.  judge whether natural regeneration is satisfactory
        3.  develop interventions that facilitate and accelerate regeneration
                on the largest spatial and smallest temporal scales possible.
Let us presume that Step 2, the regeneration rate concommitant with the
passive approach to reef conservation, is not sufficient to offset rates of
degradation in Florida.  Note that whether this is or isn't the periphery
of reef growth doesn't matter.  All that matters is that reefs can grow
here and it is worth some effort to see that they do.  Then we must move on
to Step 3.
Step 3 implies aggressive perturbation (some would call it "restoration")
experiments.  Looking about, I dont' see a great many such experiments in
progress.  Kudos to Richmond and Mueller and their people.  What are we
doing to adapt and expand their methodologies?  What capabilities do we
need at our disposal?
        A.  ability to upregulate grazing pressure
        B.  ability to downregulate nutrient inputs
        C.  ability to force-recruit corals on a large scale
My own guess is that grazing pressure in Florida is pretty high (though
perhaps the ability to force-recruit Diadema would be helpful on a local
basis); and that if nutrients are a major issue, we are already doing what
we can to reduce the inputs.  That means, shouldn't we be looking harder
and more seriously than we are at option "C?"  This option offers a
wonderful probe of the resiliency of the system....if healthy live corals
appear on the reef but do not survive, then something probably must be done
with A or B, or there is a food web problem with coral predators, otherwise
give up on reefs altogether for now because it's a large-scale
environmental health issue that must be addressed first.
Since acroporids and agariciids are the principal corals with response
times and growth rates commensurate with human intervention, should they
not be the principal focus of efforts toward C?
It would be really helpful if we could reach some consensus on this.  No
one strategy is sufficient to conserve Florida's reefs, but we should be
coming up with a clear and articulate definition of the top-priority
conservation science and methodologies needed to do the job...and we
aren't, unless I've missed something.
Monitoring IS important, but only in the context of adaptive management.
What are our goals?  What shall our complete litany of interventions be?
What room have we left ourselves for trial and error?  Are the intervention
experiments well designed and sufficiently powerful to serve our needs?
The alternative is to reduce human impacts as much as possible, and then
watch and wait.
These are two very different, complementary strategies.
What combination of these do we, as a community, advocate?
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 18:00:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA21100; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 18:00:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA13857; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 18:03:25 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013849; Wed, 24 Jun 98 18:02:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA17336; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:20:58 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA17329; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:20:52 -0400
Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id RAA12518
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:21:05 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806242121.RAA12518@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 17:32:22 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 324
I would be very grateful if anyone could bring to my attention observations
of Pacific acroporids exhibiting conditions resembling white plague (the
one with tissue exfoliation and polarized coral death) in the tropical west
Atlantic acroporids.
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 22:37:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA22129; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:37:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA20669; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:40:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020662; Wed, 24 Jun 98 22:39:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA18386; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 01:59:36 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA18381; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:59:32 -0400
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.19])
	by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id VAA07966;
	Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:59:40 -0400
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:59:40 -0400
Message-Id: <199806250159.VAA07966@umigw.miami.edu>
X-Sender: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman), coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 325
Les:
FYI:
(a)  We've been working on A palmata settlement and culture both in the lab
and field.  Progress is steady but slow, because there has been no real
funding for such work (e.g. bootlegged).
(b)  We've also figured out how to culture Diadema in the lab and been
seeking funds to scale up the culture methodology, with no success to date.
Unfortunately, there is lots of money out there for monitoring and
assessment,  but not much for develping solutions like those you suggest.
Alina
At 05:29 PM 6/24/98 -0400, you wrote:
>Dear Steve and Phil and everybody,
>
>Reef decline appears to have been widespread in the tropical west Atlantic
>over the past two decades.  Most prominent is the reduction in prevalence
>of acroporid corals, and increase, in many places, of macrophytes.  Belize
>was unusual in that when the acroporids began to vanish, there was an
>endemic agariciid (absent elsewhere in the region) that could serve as a
>partial functional replacement, and it did.
>
>Since the original high-coral coverage condition is more highly valued than
>what we are seeing more of today, it would undoubtedly be most productive
>to:
>
>        1.  appreciate natural trends toward regeneration, and their scaling
>        2.  judge whether natural regeneration is satisfactory
>        3.  develop interventions that facilitate and accelerate regeneration
>                on the largest spatial and smallest temporal scales possible.
>
>Let us presume that Step 2, the regeneration rate concommitant with the
>passive approach to reef conservation, is not sufficient to offset rates of
>degradation in Florida.  Note that whether this is or isn't the periphery
>of reef growth doesn't matter.  All that matters is that reefs can grow
>here and it is worth some effort to see that they do.  Then we must move on
>to Step 3.
>
>Step 3 implies aggressive perturbation (some would call it "restoration")
>experiments.  Looking about, I dont' see a great many such experiments in
>progress.  Kudos to Richmond and Mueller and their people.  What are we
>doing to adapt and expand their methodologies?  What capabilities do we
>need at our disposal?
>
>        A.  ability to upregulate grazing pressure
>        B.  ability to downregulate nutrient inputs
>        C.  ability to force-recruit corals on a large scale
>
>My own guess is that grazing pressure in Florida is pretty high (though
>perhaps the ability to force-recruit Diadema would be helpful on a local
>basis); and that if nutrients are a major issue, we are already doing what
>we can to reduce the inputs.  That means, shouldn't we be looking harder
>and more seriously than we are at option "C?"  This option offers a
>wonderful probe of the resiliency of the system....if healthy live corals
>appear on the reef but do not survive, then something probably must be done
>with A or B, or there is a food web problem with coral predators, otherwise
>give up on reefs altogether for now because it's a large-scale
>environmental health issue that must be addressed first.
>
>Since acroporids and agariciids are the principal corals with response
>times and growth rates commensurate with human intervention, should they
>not be the principal focus of efforts toward C?
>
>It would be really helpful if we could reach some consensus on this.  No
>one strategy is sufficient to conserve Florida's reefs, but we should be
>coming up with a clear and articulate definition of the top-priority
>conservation science and methodologies needed to do the job...and we
>aren't, unless I've missed something.
>
>Monitoring IS important, but only in the context of adaptive management.
>What are our goals?  What shall our complete litany of interventions be?
>What room have we left ourselves for trial and error?  Are the intervention
>experiments well designed and sufficiently powerful to serve our needs?
>
>The alternative is to reduce human impacts as much as possible, and then
>watch and wait.
>
>These are two very different, complementary strategies.
>
>What combination of these do we, as a community, advocate?
>
>Les Kaufman
>Boston University Marine Program
>Department of Biology
>Boston University
>5 Cummington Street
>Boston, MA 02215
>
>e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
>phone: 617-353-5560
>fax:   617-353-6340
>
>
>"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
>democracy... but that could change."
>
>-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
>
>
>
>
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 22:38:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA22159; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:38:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA20682; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:41:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020674; Wed, 24 Jun 98 22:40:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA18426; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 02:08:03 GMT
Received: from mailhost.unimas.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA18421; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:07:54 -0400
Received: from Nick ([161.142.87.122])
	by mailhost.unimas.my (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id KAA28976
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:32:19 +0800
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:32:19 +0800
Message-Id: <199806250232.KAA28976@mailhost.unimas.my>
X-Sender: nick@mailhost.unimas.my
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Nicolas James Pilcher <nick@tualang.unimas.my>
Subject: Artificial reefs in Gulf of Mexico
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 326
Hi folks, greetings from Borneo.
Does anyone have any information on the artificial reefs in the Gulf of
Mexico and their effect on reef associated animals.....?
I'd be grateful for any leads.
Thanks and regards,
Nick
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Nicolas J. Pilcher
Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
94300 Kota Samarahan
Sarawak, Malaysia
Tel ++ 60 82 671 000 Ext. 181
Fax ++ 60 82 671903
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 22:41:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA22188; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:41:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA20706; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:44:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020702; Wed, 24 Jun 98 22:44:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA18356; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 01:52:31 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA18351; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:52:27 -0400
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu [129.171.104.19])
	by umigw.miami.edu (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id VAA07926;
	Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:52:40 -0400
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 1998 21:52:40 -0400
Message-Id: <199806250152.VAA07926@umigw.miami.edu>
X-Sender: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: smiller@gate.net, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 327
Dear Phil:
I'm too busy to discourse at length about the Florida situation but what to
add my support to Steven's excellent reply to your diatribe.   In my opinion
and having spent a lot of time in the Keys these last 10 years, most of the
coral death I have been able to attribute to a specific cause, has been from
severe bleaching [regional or global cause, certainly not local], feasting
by Corallophila (especially  the Acropora's) [possibly a consequence of
overfishing or trophic disfunction fo some sort], damselfishes [again
possibly a result of overfishing], and overgrowth by Halimeda [more on the
deeper offshore reefs than in the inshore ones, thus not easily attributable
to local sewage nutrients but more likely to loss of Diadema].  Overfishing
is slowing being addressed in the Keys and I dare say that one can see more
large groupers and snappers in Fla than almost anywhere else in the
Caribbean.  The other causes of coral loss appear to be more regional in
cause [especially since same symptoms are being seen in remote Bahamas and
Dry Tortugas], and thus not likely resolved by any specific "action" by
locals in the Keys.  Meanwhile, locally high stressors such as sedimentation
& abrasion stress caused by the high frequency of severe storms, are likely
slowing coral recruitment success.
Alina Szmant
At 02:07 PM 6/24/98 -0400, you wrote:
>Dear Phil,
>
>I have a problem with the "chicken little" approach that is often used in
>public forums to generate support, controversy, or conflict.    And even if
>"the sky is falling" I think that it's important not to oversimplify by
>suggesting simple solutions (or even any solution) to problems as complex as
>coral reef condition - especially in Florida.  I don't think that anyone
>disagrees about the decline of reefs in Florida (and throughout the Caribbean),
>but since you imply that there are more actions to take - what exactly do you
>think anyone can do to make a difference?
>
>Don't you agree that the two biggest factors related to decreased coral cover
>and increased algae on reefs in Florida and throughout the Caribbean are white
>band disease and the Diadema dieoff, respectively?   If water quality is a
>problem isn't it more likely related to factors that affect the entire
>Caribbean basin and Gulf of Mexico (due to river runoff from the Great Rivers
>of South America and the Mississippi), and not local sewage disposal practices
>(at least there is no evidence that sewage is causing problems on the reefs in
>Florida - in canals and enclosed nearshore waters yes, but not offshore)?
>Further, in Florida we are at the northern geographic limit for active reef
>growth and the system sees significant natural system variation related to
>temperature (it can get quite cold in the winter), and perhaps other factors
>related to the Gulf Stream and upwelling.   And there is a lot more to say
>about complexity; I know that you understand all of this.
>
>One solution, already implemented, is to provide no-take protection to reef
>areas, and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary has a world-class
>management program in place (and monitoring program) with many no-take areas.
>So, again, what exactly do we need to mobilize?  And why?
>
>I've posted this to the list-server in reply to your first note because I
>consider this a public forum and not one that is scientific.   And everyone is
>free to rant without review, but you do leave yourself open for rebuttal.
>Please don't get the wrong idea, I would like to hear the positive steps you
>think are needed to turn things around - in our lifetime or the next several,
>since that probably matches up better with processes related to how reefs
>grow.  I ask this for a practical reason too, since I have program management
>responsibilities for a fairly large and competitively driven coral research
>program in Florida.  I look forward to talking with you, perhaps by phone or
>directly by email is best.
>
>Steven Miller, Ph.D.
>Associate Director, Florida Program
>National Undersea Research Center
>University of North Carolina at Wilmington
>
>305-451-0233
>http://www.uncwil.edu/nurc/
>http://www.uncwil.edu/nurc/aquarius
>
>
>
>Phillip Dustan wrote:
>
>> Don't worry Jack- the reefs of the Florida Keys as we once knew them will
>> be gone soon so no one will have to worry about the problem unless we get
>> mobilized ASAP and really do something beside monitor and "keep a smiley
>> face on it" for the sake of the economy.
>>                                         Phil.
>>
>> At 07:50 PM 6/23/98 -0400, sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com wrote:
>> >A report entitled "Reefs at Risk" was released at a National Press Club
>> >press conference today by the World Resources Institute, ICLARM, WCMC,
>> >and UNEP.  In addition to this impressive group of producers, the
>> >National Press Club event was introduced by NOAA's Terry Garcia, Asst
>> >Sec. for Oceans and Atmosphere, Sylvia Earle wrote the opening section,
>> >and the contributing authors and reviewers include a virtual who's who of
>> >coral reef researchers and personalities.  The attractive report does a
>> >good job of identifying the major threats to coral reefs:
>> >overexploitation (fishing, etc.), pollution (especially land-based), and
>> >coastal development (which contributes to the others).
>> >
>> >Nonetheless, I can't help but question some of the report's conclusions,
>> >findings, and assumptions.  These include:
>> >
>> >(1) The reefs of the Florida Keys face only moderate threat overall?
>> >(2) The reefs of the Windward and Leeward islands face greater threat
>> >than those of the Florida Keys?
>> >(3) The reefs of Southern Belize face greater threat than those of the
>> >Florida Keys?
>> >(4) Overexploitation is only a threat to those reefs in countries whose
>> >per capita GNP is < $10,000/year or whose per capita fish consumption is
>> >> 50 Kilograms/person/year?
>> >
>> >#4 seems particularly disturbing to me as it seems to be an unjustified
>> >assumption that while noted, is not explained, and may be responsible in
>> >part for the erroneous conclusions reached in #1,#2, and #3, and perhaps
>> >others.  This unjustified assumption lead to overexploitation being
>> >ignored as a contributing factor to reef degradation in the United
>> >States, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong, Israel, and the
>> >Bahamas.  Since I participated in the initial methodology workshop for
>> >this report back in August of 1997, I know that the contribution of
>> >overexploitation/fishing to reef degradation was flagged and highlighted
>> >at that workshop by numerous reviewers.
>> >
>> >Since no explanation is given in the report for exempting these countries
>> >from consideration of fishing impacts, one might speculate that political
>> >considerations were involved.  Am I missing something?   What do others
>> >think?
>> >**************************************************************************
>> >*******************************************
>> >Jack Sobel, Director
>> >Ecosystem Protection
>> >Center for Marine Conservation
>> >Washington, DC  20036
>> >(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
>> >Fax: (202)872-0619
>> >Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
>> >
>> >"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
>> >'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
>> >part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
>> >course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
>> >who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
>> >and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
>> >Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
>> >**************************************************************************
>> >******************************************
>> >
>> >
>
>
>
>
>
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 24 23:17:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA22351; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 23:17:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA21154; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 23:20:25 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021140; Wed, 24 Jun 98 23:19:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA18530; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 02:35:48 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA18525; Wed, 24 Jun 1998 22:35:43 -0400
Message-Id: <199806250235.WAA18525@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.195](130.111.160.195) by MAINE.maine.edu
   (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with TCP; Wed, 24 Jun 98 22:34:43 EDT
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 98 22:37:04 -0400
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
To: "Les Kaufman" <lesk@bio.bu.edu>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 328
Dear Les et al.,
  Although the decline of Acropora is wide-spread in the tropical west
Atlantic, based on my observations it is more abundant in the Florda Keys
than in many regions of the Caribbean where I've worked over the past
several decades (e.g., Bahamas, Jamaica, St. Croix, St. Kits, Bonaire,
Honduras, and Yucatan coast of Mexico).  What I observed several weeks
ago during the field trip in the Florida Keys with the Atlantic and Gulf
Reef Assessment workshop was a fair amount of Acropora palmata (although
some was diseased), evidence of high rates of fish grazing (abundant bite
marks), low macroalgal biomass, and high coralline abundance.  Bob
Ginsburg reported on his rapid assessment of patch reefs of the Keys and
the mound corals at least appear to have low rates of mortality.
   I was not shocked to read Jack Sobel's report on Reefs at Risk. Many
reefs I've studied, even in rather remote regions of the Caribbean are in
poorer condition than those I've seen in the Florida Keys.  However,
before we all run off to conduct remedial action, it might be a good idea
to objectively determine the patterns of reef decline.  Are we faced with
a decline in all species or are we primarily reacting to the decline of
Acroporids (due to white band disease)?  Are patterns of macroalgae
resulting from changes in the reef's trophic structure (i.e., loss of
grazers) or due to eutrophication or both?
  Because the answer to these questions were unclear to me, I felt it
worthwhile to encourage the development of a comensurable Rapid
Assessment Protocol (RAP) that can be used throughout the Atlantic and
Gulf reefs of the Americas.  The recent AGRA RAP workshop developed just
such a protocol and 20 groups have agreed to apply it to their reefs.
Plans are being made to reconvene another meeting to consider those
assessments and with it perhaps a clearer understanding of the patterns
and processes will emerge.  I suspect we will find that one size does not
fit all.  But we should be able to suggest which processes are likely to
produce the warning signs you and others know all too well.
  Finally, the Belize shift from Acroporids to Agaricia tenuifolia is
interesting (e.g., Aronson and Precht 1997) but not very many kilometers
to the north on the Yucatan barrier reef the abundance of A. tenuifolia
is no where near as abundant as was the Acropora once was (as evident
from the standing dead A. palmata).  So I'm not sure the functional
replacement is widespread or at least it has not happened there yet.  For
me, the bigger take-home message from Aronson and Prect's story for
Belize and their subsequent observations is that the natural regenerative
capacity of the reef (i.e., the coral recruitment potential) remained
high because herbivory remained high presumably keeping macroalgal
abundance low. Chuck Birkeland made the same point that algal biomass
interferes with coral recruitment in his classic 1977 ICRS paper.
  It seems to me, understanding the patterns of coral reef condition
sufficiently so that plausible forcing-function processes can be
identified should be a priority action item for our coral reef research
community.  I think we do need to collectively consider which reefs are
at risk, but we should also identify which reefs are seriously degraded
and which ones are relatively pristine.  With such information we should
be better able to apply our remedial actions intelligently and surgically.
  Bob
Les Kaufman Wrote:
Dear Steve and Phil and everybody,
Reef decline appears to have been widespread in the tropical west Atlantic
over the past two decades.  Most prominent is the reduction in prevalence
of acroporid corals, and increase, in many places, of macrophytes.  Belize
was unusual in that when the acroporids began to vanish, there was an
endemic agariciid (absent elsewhere in the region) that could serve as a
partial functional replacement, and it did.
Since the original high-coral coverage condition is more highly valued
than
what we are seeing more of today, it would undoubtedly be most productive
to:
        1.  appreciate natural trends toward regeneration, and their
scaling
        2.  judge whether natural regeneration is satisfactory
        3.  develop interventions that facilitate and accelerate
regeneration
                on the largest spatial and smallest temporal scales
possible.
Let us presume that Step 2, the regeneration rate concommitant with the
passive approach to reef conservation, is not sufficient to offset rates
of
degradation in Florida.  Note that whether this is or isn't the periphery
of reef growth doesn't matter.  All that matters is that reefs can grow
here and it is worth some effort to see that they do.  Then we must move
on
to Step 3.
Step 3 implies aggressive perturbation (some would call it "restoration")
experiments.  Looking about, I dont' see a great many such experiments in
progress.  Kudos to Richmond and Mueller and their people.  What are we
doing to adapt and expand their methodologies?  What capabilities do we
need at our disposal?
        A.  ability to upregulate grazing pressure
        B.  ability to downregulate nutrient inputs
        C.  ability to force-recruit corals on a large scale
My own guess is that grazing pressure in Florida is pretty high (though
perhaps the ability to force-recruit Diadema would be helpful on a local
basis); and that if nutrients are a major issue, we are already doing what
we can to reduce the inputs.  That means, shouldn't we be looking harder
and more seriously than we are at option "C?"  This option offers a
wonderful probe of the resiliency of the system....if healthy live corals
appear on the reef but do not survive, then something probably must be
done
with A or B, or there is a food web problem with coral predators,
otherwise
give up on reefs altogether for now because it's a large-scale
environmental health issue that must be addressed first.
Since acroporids and agariciids are the principal corals with response
times and growth rates commensurate with human intervention, should they
not be the principal focus of efforts toward C?
It would be really helpful if we could reach some consensus on this.  No
one strategy is sufficient to conserve Florida's reefs, but we should be
coming up with a clear and articulate definition of the top-priority
conservation science and methodologies needed to do the job...and we
aren't, unless I've missed something.
Monitoring IS important, but only in the context of adaptive management.
What are our goals?  What shall our complete litany of interventions be?
What room have we left ourselves for trial and error?  Are the
intervention
experiments well designed and sufficiently powerful to serve our needs?
The alternative is to reduce human impacts as much as possible, and then
watch and wait.
These are two very different, complementary strategies.
What combination of these do we, as a community, advocate?
Les Kaufman
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 06:18:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA23185; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 06:18:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA26077; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 06:21:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026006; Thu, 25 Jun 98 06:20:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA19892; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 09:09:24 GMT
Received: from relay.mail.pipex.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA19887; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 05:09:19 -0400
Received: (qmail 12079 invoked from network); 25 Jun 1998 09:09:27 -0000
Received: from petra.wcmc.org.uk (192.26.45.215)
  by relay.mail.pipex.net with SMTP; 25 Jun 1998 09:09:27 -0000
Received: from wcmc.org.uk (orcinus.wcmc.org.uk) by petra.wcmc.org.uk (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA04405; Thu, 25 Jun 98 10:03:48 BST
Received: from GROUPWISE-Message_Server by wcmc.org.uk
	with Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:03:45 +0100
Message-Id: <s5922081.062@wcmc.org.uk>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:03:36 +0100
From: Mark Spalding <marks@wcmc.org.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs At Risk
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 329
Many thanks to Jack Sobel for his generally positive comments about Reefs at
Risk (http://www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm). As Dr Sobel is aware the study
was an indicator based assessment. We used global maps reflecting a wide range
of factors to act as surrogate measures of threat to reefs (in the absence of
direct or comparable measures for the majority of the world's reefs). This
approach was an effort to introduce some sort of scientific objectivity into a
field otherwise dominated by more subjective opinion-based reporting.  One of
the great difficulties with using indicators is that there will always be
exceptions which the indicators are unable to predict. Dr Sobel has clearly
pointed out what may be some of the key exceptions (but subsequent arguments on
this list underline the difficulty even here), and certainly the problems with
Florida and Belize are considered on page 51 of the publication. One of the
advantages of a purely quantitative approach, however, is that we can return to
the data and ask why such apparent exceptions were not picked up, and then
re-assess the whole approach, if necessary making refinements to the methods.
Below we try and address the four particular points which Dr Sobel raises, but
before that (and please don't feel obliged to read all this!) we would make
three points:
1)  This is a GLOBAL review: as such the resolution at the level of individual
countries may be poor, but we (and that includes contributors from around the
globe representing many institutions) consider that overall it gives a pretty
good picture;
2)  The report considers "threat" rather than actual current "degradation" -
reefs may be indicated as highly threatened, but by good management or by
exceptional circumstances may still be in excellent condition;
3)  It is a first attempt. Previous efforts, which have been widely used and
have helped considerably in raising awareness about the threats to coral reefs
have been based on expert opinion, but unfortunately different experts have
different opinions while most of the world's reefs are rarely visited by
experts. Improved global datasets and possible changes to the methods may lead
to considerable refinement of the maps in future versions.
Jack Sobel's particular points:
Florida:
The Florida reefs score medium threat in two of the four threat factors and
score as high threat in none, so received an overall score of moderate risk.  In
particular -
a) Within the Coastal Development threat factor, the reefs of the Keys are just
beyond the 20 km. distance threshold for high threat from a city of over 1
million (Miami), and smaller settlements, airports and tourist resorts only
result in a classification of medium threat.
b) Within Marine Pollution, shipping related threats resulted in a
classification of moderate threat.
c) Overexploitation - as Dr. Sobel points out, population density-based
overfishing was not evaluated for the U.S.  This exclusion was made based upon
the opinion of 20 coral reef experts who participated in the second workshop on
the Reefs at Risk methodology.  The consensus was that Malthusian-type
overfishing does not occur in wealthy countries, so these countries should be
excluded from the model, based upon per capita GDP.  As destructive fishing is
not a threat in the Keys, the Florida reefs were not found to be at risk from
overfishing.
d) Inland pollution and erosion - the watershed-based model used to predict
sediment plumes relies upon slope, land-cover type and precipitation for all
areas in the watershed.  As southern Florida is so flat, the model does not pick
up a threat from sediments in this area.  (The watershed model is better suited
to pick up threats from deforestation in hillier landscapes.)
In this sense, Florida slipped through the net, but had we changed our indicator
criteria to include Florida as an area subject to population-density driven
overexploitation, it would have scored as high threat.  Also, had we allowed
tourism pressure to score as high risk, the Florida Keys surely would have
qualified.  Of course we could do this, but such an alteration would also bring
a number of clearly unthreatened reefs into the same high threat category.
Belize:
The reason why the reefs of southern Belize are marked as highly threatened is
due to their proximity to considerable terrestrial runoff . Clearly this runoff
has yet to impact the southern Belize reefs, and it may be that the particulars
of the coastal configuration and currents further protect these reefs, but once
again we have to look at a wider picture. In the majority of cases reefs lying
this close to such a major terrestrial input would be under considerable threat
(and this was agreed by the majority of international contributors to Reefs at
Risk).
The Lesser Antilles:
Degradation on particular reefs is already considerable in this region, but it
is of course threats not degredation we are measuring, and these are even
greater: over-exploitation, coastal development, sedimentation are all rife.
Certainly there are exceptional sites in this region, not degraded or even
threatened, but many are small, while the resolution of the study used a 4 km.
grid, so many of these would not even show up.
Over-exploitation:
Of course this can occur anywhere, what we are trying to do is pick up the cases
where it is virtually inevitable and therefore predictable using surrogate
measures. Within our modeling of overexploitation of reef resources, we examined
two broad types of threat - destructive fishing, such as blast fishing and
fishing with cyanide, and Malthusian, or subsistence type overfishing.  Areas
estimated to be under threat from destructive fishing are based upon documented
occurrences of blast or cyanide fishing, revised by our experts at a Reefs at
Risk  workshop held in Manila last Fall, attended by 20 coral reef scientists.
Also at this workshop, the group encouraged us to estimate the demand-based
threat of Malthusian overfishing for poverty areas only, as the consensus was
that this type of fishing does not occur in wealthy areas, and that the
exclusion could be based on per capita GDP and percent of protein in the diet
from fish.  We implemented this revision to the methodology by using a maximum
of $10,000  per capita GDP per annum, and a fish consumption threshold of 50 kg.
fish per person per year.  We should have made the rational for this exclusion
clear in the report.
We are delighted with any feedback the report generates, and also hope that it
will continue to provoke discussions among reef scientists, managers and/or
politicians.
Comments from Mark Spalding (WCMC) and Lauretta Burke (WRI).
Mark Spalding
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0DL, U.K.
Tel: +44 01223 277314    Fax: +44 01223 277316
e-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk
or
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge
Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN
Tel: +44 (0)1223 339775
Fax: +44 (0)1223 355674
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 06:22:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA23225; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 06:22:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA26362; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 06:25:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026332; Thu, 25 Jun 98 06:24:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA19923; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 09:17:59 GMT
Received: from cheviot.ncl.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA19918; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 05:17:53 -0400
Received: from pacific4.ncl.ac.uk by cheviot.ncl.ac.uk id <KAA17747@cheviot.ncl.ac.uk>
  (8.7.6/ for ncl.ac.uk) with SMTP; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:18:04 +0100 (BST)
Message-Id: <199806250918.KAA17747@cheviot.ncl.ac.uk>
From: "Nicholas Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 10:19:21 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Reefs At Risk
Reply-to: n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk
CC: i.d.williams@ncl.ac.uk
X-Confirm-Reading-To: n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk
X-pmrqc: 1
Priority: normal
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 330
Dear Colleagues
In response to messages from Les Kaufman and others, Bob Steneck just
wrote:
>However, before we all run off to conduct remedial action, it might
>be a good idea to objectively determine the patterns of reef
>decline. Are we faced with a decline in all species or are we
>primarily reacting to the decline of Acroporids (due to white band
>disease)?  Are patterns of macroalgae resulting from changes in the
>reef's trophic structure (i.e., loss of grazers) or due to
>eutrophication or both?
I shall also remain unhappy with thinly-substantiated reports from
environmentalist groups, international environmental agencies and
NGOs as to the extent and manner of degradation of Caribbean reefs
until I see reliable regional comparisons, and preferably
time-series, of condition (not proxy assessments of  'threat' or
'risk'), made and disseminated. As to mechanisms, any geographic
patterns discerned need rigorously to be related to the sorts of
factors involved.
Bob also wrote:
>It seems to me, understanding the patterns of coral reef condition
>sufficiently so that plausible forcing-function processes can be
>identified should be a priority action item for our coral reef
>research community.  I think we do need to collectively consider
>which reefs are at risk, but we should also identify which reefs are
>seriously degraded and which ones are relatively pristine. With such
>information we should be better able to apply our remedial actions
My group's particular approach has been to get an idea of the scope
for recovery of the benthic community (based on photoquadrat
point-sampling) when fishing is effectively excluded or fish grazing
might otherwise be manipulated by:
(1) comparing protected and unprotected areas at 5 Caribbean sites; I
will give a provisional view of these data at the ISRS meeting in
Perpignan this September:
__________________________________________________________
Ecological comparisons of fished and protected areas in the Caribbean
Polunin, N.V.C. & I.D. Williams, Department of Marine Sciences &
Coastal Management, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1
7RU, UK
Concern over reef degradation in the Caribbean and the contention that
much of this is caused directly or indirectly by fishing have prompted
us to make comparisons between protected (MPAs) and unprotected areas
in Jamaica (Montego Bay), Barbados (Folkestone), Belize (Hol Chan),
the Caymans (Grand Cayman) and Cuba (Punta Frances), during the period
1997/98. We have broadly categorised the reef benthos from point
counts on underwater photographs in six principal categories
(macroalgae, turf algae, `bare' substratum, crustose coralline algae,
hard coral and other sessile invertebrates) and characterised the
large-fish assemblages of the reefs involved using underwater visual
point counts of individuals >12 cm in length in six families
(Serranidae, Lutjanidae, Balistidae, Scaridae, Acanthuridae and
Haemulidae). The data presented here are derived from replicated
sampling in 5-6 sites selected at random each from MPA and adjacent
unprotected deeper water (ca 15 m depth) reef. Some groups of large
fishes which are important fishery targets tended to be more abundant
in MPAs than on unprotected reef in all except the Caymans, but we
found no evidence that the benthos systematically differed. Since
diving tourists in a Jamaican survey indicated greater preference for
fish (abundance, variety and size, in that order) than characteristics
of the benthos when they dive, it appears that the Caribbean MPAs we
have examined are distinctive in the ways diving tourists most
appreciate. However, the evidence is also that reef degradation,
particularly the domination of macroalgae over hard corals, which has
been attributed to reduced grazing by fish as a result of intensive
fishing in localities such as on the northern coast of Jamaica, does
not stand to be readily reversed in the deep-water sites we have
investigated. Furthermore, the high abundance of macroalgae in areas
which appear at least to be devoid of nutrient and fishing effects
(the Belize and Cuban localities studied) suggests either that some
factor other than local nutrient inputs and fishing has been involved,
or that long-range effects, such as of nutrient additions through
large-scale mixing, must have been important, unless macroalgal
domination greatly predates modern developments.
Acknowledgements. This study has been funded by the UK Department for
International Development, and has been possible by collaboration of
many colleagues. In particular we thank: Jill Williams, Maldon Miller,
Wayne Hunte, Jorge Angulo, Tim Austin and Miguel Alamilla.
_____________________________________________________________
(2) comparing benthic community structure among areas with
de facto variations in the abundance of grazing fishes.
The results of both approaches will be presented formally at a
workshop in Jamaica in July 1999. We are drawing up plans for the
workshop now, and welcome suggestions of other input.
Possibilities exist for part-funding of some participants, especially
from developing countries within the Caribbean region.
Nicholas Polunin
Dept of Marine Sciences
University of Newcastle
Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU
Tel +44 191 222 6675/6661
Fax +44 191 222 7891
URL http://www.ncl.ac.uk/mscmweb/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 09:25:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA24575; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 09:25:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA02628; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 09:28:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002612; Thu, 25 Jun 98 09:27:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA20597; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 12:31:56 GMT
Received: from relay.kacst.edu.sa by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA20592; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 08:31:47 -0400
Received: from ns1.kfupm.edu.sa ([198.77.102.26]) by relay.kacst.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id PAA12756; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:23:18 -0300 (GMT)
Received: from dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.33.198]) by ns1.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id PAA67994; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:19:32 +0300
Received: from yusef ([196.15.34.83]) by dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id PAA97064; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:27:50 +0300
Message-ID: <35924398.2775F55C@kfupm.edu.sa>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:33:28 +0300
From: Yusef Fadlalla <yfadlal@kfupm.edu.sa>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Bleaching and Exfoliation in Acropora
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <199806242121.RAA12518@bio.bu.edu>
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------E6DA8921D619844B335CEB25"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 331
--------------E6DA8921D619844B335CEB25
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Les:
I have stitched together some text (below) related to a bleaching and
mortality event that resulted from extreme hot weather in the summer of
1996 in the western Arabian Gulf  (western Indo-Pacific, sort of).  At
the time I was impressed with the manner in which Acropora mortality
occurred.   Our experience suggests that if there was 100 percent
bleaching, the result was 100 percent mortality (by tissue sloughing -
more elgantly, exfoliation) of an Acropora colony - bleached Acropora
tissues simply never recover.  Now, after reading your posting, I wonder
whether
we should not be using another term (besides  bleaching) to describe the
response of Acropora to extreme temperatures.
I am not familiar with the literature on "white plague" (is that casued
by pathogens?).  What is "polarized coral death" ?
Does Acropora in the Caribbean ever recover from bleaching ?  I have
seen reports of Acropora bleaching in the GBR, but I do not know whether
that resulted in mortality.
Yusef Fadlallah
Research Institute
King Fahd University
Dhahran 31261
Saudi Arabia
In the summer of 1996, nearshore seawater temperature held
between 33.5 and 37 C for approximately 90 days along
the Saudi Gulf coast and elsewhere in the Gulf  (postings
to the list by Jan Corrubel, Roger Uwate, and Yusef Fadlalla)..
As a result, there was widespread multispecific bleaching in
nearshore coral communities, and an outbreak of Black Band
Disease (BBD) in the Acroporas of one reef, with catastrophic
consequences for Acropora, and Stylophora pistillata (where found).
Coral mortality followed rapidly.   Acropora colonies that bleached
lost tissue in a random process, as coral tissue sloughed off
 in a haphazard manner from all areas of a colony or
different locations on the same branch. In contrast, BBD affected
Acropora lost tissue as the black bands progressed in an even
pace from the bases of branches to the tips.
Both processes resulted in catastrophic losses (estimated at
over 95% of colonies of Acropora on many reefs).  Stylophora
pistallata mortality was not characterized by the "tissue sloughing"
that was observed in Acropora.
Les Kaufman wrote:
> I would be very grateful if anyone could bring to my attention
> observations
> of Pacific acroporids exhibiting conditions resembling white plague
> (the
> one with tissue exfoliation and polarized coral death) in the tropical
> west
> Atlantic acroporids.
>
> Les Kaufman
> Boston University Marine Program
> Department of Biology
> Boston University
> 5 Cummington Street
> Boston, MA 02215
>
> e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
> phone: 617-353-5560
> fax:   617-353-6340
>
> "I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
> democracy... but that could change."
>
> -Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
--------------E6DA8921D619844B335CEB25
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<HTML>
Les:
<BR>I have stitched together some text (below) related to a bleaching and
mortality event that resulted from extreme hot weather in the summer of
1996 in the western Arabian Gulf&nbsp; (western Indo-Pacific, sort of).&nbsp;
At the time I was impressed with the manner in which Acropora mortality
occurred.&nbsp;&nbsp; Our experience suggests that if there was 100 percent
bleaching, the result was 100 percent mortality (by tissue sloughing -
more elgantly, exfoliation) of an Acropora colony - bleached Acropora tissues
simply never recover.&nbsp; Now, after reading your posting, I wonder whether
<BR>we should not be using another term (besides&nbsp; bleaching) to describe
the response of Acropora to extreme temperatures.
<BR>I am not familiar with the literature on "white plague" (is that casued
by pathogens?).&nbsp; What is "polarized coral death" ?
<BR>Does Acropora in the Caribbean ever recover from bleaching ?&nbsp;
I have seen reports of Acropora bleaching in the GBR, but I do not know
whether that resulted in mortality.
<P>Yusef Fadlallah
<BR>Research Institute
<BR>King Fahd University
<BR>Dhahran 31261
<BR>Saudi Arabia
<BR>&nbsp;
<BR>&nbsp;
<P>In the summer of 1996, nearshore seawater temperature held
<BR>between 33.5 and 37 C for approximately 90 days along
<BR>the Saudi Gulf coast and elsewhere in the Gulf&nbsp; (postings
<BR>to the list by Jan Corrubel, Roger Uwate, and Yusef Fadlalla)..
<BR>As a result, there was widespread multispecific bleaching in
<BR>nearshore coral communities, and an outbreak of Black Band
<BR>Disease (BBD) in the Acroporas of one reef, with catastrophic
<BR>consequences for Acropora, and Stylophora pistillata (where found).
<BR><B>Coral</B> <B>mortality followed rapidly.&nbsp;&nbsp; Acropora colonies
that bleached</B>
<BR><B>lost tissue in a random process, as coral tissue sloughed off</B>
<BR><B>&nbsp;in a haphazard manner from all areas of a colony or</B>
<BR><B>different locations on the same branch. In contrast, BBD affected</B>
<BR><B>Acropora lost tissue as the black bands progressed in an even</B>
<BR><B>pace from the bases of branches to the tips.</B>
<BR><B>Both processes resulted in catastrophic losses (estimated at</B>
<BR><B>over 95% of colonies of Acropora on many reefs).&nbsp; Stylophora</B>
<BR><B>pistallata mortality was not characterized by the "tissue sloughing"</B>
<BR><B>that was observed in Acropora.</B>
<BR>&nbsp;
<P>Les Kaufman wrote:
<BLOCKQUOTE TYPE=CITE>I would be very grateful if anyone could bring to
my attention observations
<BR>of Pacific acroporids exhibiting conditions resembling white plague
(the
<BR>one with tissue exfoliation and polarized coral death) in the tropical
west
<BR>Atlantic acroporids.
<P>Les Kaufman
<BR>Boston University Marine Program
<BR>Department of Biology
<BR>Boston University
<BR>5 Cummington Street
<BR>Boston, MA 02215
<P>e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
<BR>phone: 617-353-5560
<BR>fax:&nbsp;&nbsp; 617-353-6340
<P>"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
<BR>democracy... but that could change."
<P>-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89</BLOCKQUOTE>
&nbsp;&nbsp;</HTML>
--------------E6DA8921D619844B335CEB25--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 11:56:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA26802; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:56:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA11472; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:59:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011454; Thu, 25 Jun 98 11:59:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA21410; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:15:24 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA21405; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:15:18 -0400
Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id LAA28135
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:15:26 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806251515.LAA28135@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:26:44 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 332
I concur fully with my esteemed colleague, Bob Stenneck's comments, with
one caveat.
The process of developing realistic protocols for enhancement of coral
settlement and growth in situ can be conducted in a manner that greatly
enhances our understanding of reef regeneration well beyond what we will
learn solely through passive monitoring.  My plea is for experiments, not
massive restoration.  That can come later (if ever) once we know what we
are looking at.
Certainly with very limited resources, we default to standing by and
watching strategically, as the next best thing to do.  Let's just
understand that that is what we are about.  It is a sort of tolerable but
nontheless highly undesirable paralysis.
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 12:21:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA27218; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 12:21:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA13249; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 12:23:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013227; Thu, 25 Jun 98 12:23:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA21543; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 15:45:07 GMT
Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA21533; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 11:45:00 -0400
Received: by HUJIVMS (HUyMail-V7d); Thu, 25 Jun 1998 18:45:15 +0300
Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11) (HUyMail-V7d);
          Thu, 25 Jun 1998 18:44:57 +0300
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980625184014.007a4c20@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
X-Sender: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 18:40:14 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: zakai david <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Subject: Crown of Thorns over explosion
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 333
Dear Coral list members,
Last week I was diving at the southern Gulf of Aqaba at the Tomas and
Jackson reefs. I was very surprise to observed that the reefs where eaten
by the Crown of Thorns starfish. I counted 25 starfish in 2 dives of 45 min
each, at noon time (the starfish is active in night time). Usually its very
rare to meet this starfish in the Gulf of Aqaba so i think that we
experiencing a over explosion of this Crown of Thorns in our area.
It haven't reached Eilat yet but it may do so soon. Is anyone have
experience in controlling such a phenomenon? Are there any action needed to
be done before its will reach our area.
Thanks David.
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 14:25:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA29358; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 14:25:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA20974; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 14:27:57 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020937; Thu, 25 Jun 98 14:27:19 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA22015; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 17:37:56 GMT
Received: from curly.cc.utexas.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA22009; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 13:37:50 -0400
Received: from [146.6.132.58] (lang.geo.utexas.edu [146.6.132.58])
	by curly.cc.utexas.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5/cc-uts-1.20) with SMTP id MAA15141
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 12:38:00 -0500 (CDT)
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 12:38:00 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <v01530507b1b7df5fbc7f@[146.6.132.58]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Reefs At Risk--Help adopt a "Great River"?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 334
Hello all,
I'd like to follow up on Steve Miller's observation that the "Great Rivers"
of the Americas are likely to be contributing to problems of water quality
in the western Atlantic. For reasons that include enlightened
self-interest, perhaps those of us who care about its reefs should seek out
and support with our time and/or money local efforts (in states bordering
the Gulf of Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, etc.) to cleanse these rivers of
their excess sediments and pollutants.
Judy Lang
Texas Memorial Museum
2400 Trinity
Austin, TX 78705
(512) 471-4954, -4542 (V)
(512) 471-9425 (F)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 25 21:21:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA02080; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 21:21:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA03785; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 21:23:55 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma003757; Thu, 25 Jun 98 21:23:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA23616; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 00:27:45 GMT
Received: from radagast.wizard.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA23611; Thu, 25 Jun 1998 20:27:41 -0400
Received: from [206.161.15.139] (tc3-s17.wizard.net [206.161.15.139])
	by radagast.wizard.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id UAA11492;
	Thu, 25 Jun 1998 20:27:48 -0400
Message-Id: <199806260027.UAA11492@radagast.wizard.net>
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 98 20:31:51 -0400
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Bob Steneck" <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>, "Les Kaufman" <lesk@bio.bu.edu>,
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 335
Dear All,
On 6/24/98 Bob Steneck wrote:
>It seems to me, understanding the patterns of coral reef condition
>sufficiently so that plausible forcing-function processes can be
>identified should be a priority action item for our coral reef research
>community.  I think we do need to collectively consider which reefs are
>at risk, but we should also identify which reefs are seriously degraded
>and which ones are relatively pristine.  With such information we should
>be better able to apply our remedial actions intelligently and surgically.
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency will be coming out with a new
report on the "Development of Biological Criteria for Coral Reef
Ecosystem Assessment" that will address the above and hopefully provide
the stimulus for funding a U.S. Coral Reef Biocriteria Program.  The
entire 90+ page report will be published in the upcoming summer edition
of the Smithsonian's Atoll Research Bulletin and has a comprehensive
review of coral reef indicator species and other reef monitoring indices
- with recommendations for future work.
Jameson SC, Erdmann MV, Gibson Jr GR, Potts KW (in press) Development of
biological criteria for 	coral reef ecosystem assessment.  Atoll Research
Bulletin, National Museum of Natural History, 	Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, DC
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 26 05:16:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA03225; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 05:16:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA10972; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 05:18:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010968; Fri, 26 Jun 98 05:18:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA24800; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 06:39:45 GMT
Received: from news.skyinet.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA24795; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 02:39:39 -0400
Received: from skyinet.net (P13.MB12.QZN.SKYINET.NET [208.162.2.205])
	by news.skyinet.net (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id OAA10158
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 14:39:35 +0800 (PST)
Message-ID: <359341BC.D0007FB5@skyinet.net>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 14:37:48 +0800
From: "Alvin F. Nacu" <afnacu@skyinet.net>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: (no subject)
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------415246A0C78D5A98829291E7"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 336
--------------415246A0C78D5A98829291E7
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Does anybody know about the tolerance of macroalgae and the sea urchin
Tripneustes gratilla to an increase in salinity, specifically from a
desalination plant outfall?
Thank you.
Alvin Nacu
PO Box 209
University of the Philippines
Diliman, Q.C.
Philippines
--------------415246A0C78D5A98829291E7
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<HTML>
Does anybody know about the tolerance of macroalgae and the sea urchin
T<I>ripneustes gratilla</I> to an increase in salinity, specifically from
a desalination plant outfall?
<BR>Thank you.
<BR>Alvin Nacu
<BR>PO Box 209
<BR>University of the Philippines
<BR>Diliman, Q.C.
<BR>Philippines</HTML>
--------------415246A0C78D5A98829291E7--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 26 10:06:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05089; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 10:06:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA19769; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 10:09:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019702; Fri, 26 Jun 98 10:08:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA26331; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 13:30:02 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA26317; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 09:29:59 -0400
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 09:29:59 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ASCII submissions
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980626092623.26280A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 337
Ladies and Gentlement,
	For the benefit of those of us (the majority) who don't have mail
readers that can automatically interpret and present HTML (Web) code (such
as MicroSoft Outlook), it would be best if you could submit your messages
to coral-list in plain ASCII, rather than as messages that have embedded
HTML code, such as <BR>-type tags.  Your mail-reader has functions for
exporting as ASCII, rather than HTML-type code.
	Many thanks for your cooperation.
	Cheers,
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 26 10:07:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA05137; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 10:07:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA19910; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 10:10:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019787; Fri, 26 Jun 98 10:09:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA26212; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 13:20:44 GMT
Message-Id: <199806261320.NAA26212@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 1998 14:55:46 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: John Barimo <jbarimo@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Coral Bleaching in Florida
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 338
Coral bleaching has been observed on a near shore patch reef (the Rocks),
inshore from Hawk Channel, off Key Largo, FL.  On June 18, bleaching was
noted on a single Siderastrea siderea colony and the diameter of the
bleached area increased 10 cm over a 6 day period.  On June 24, bleaching
was observed on the following scleractinians: Montastraea annularis, M.
faveolata, M. cavernosa and S. siderea.  Bleaching was also noted on
Palythoa sp., Erythropodium caribaeorum and Millepora alcicornis.  Surface
water temperatures have been in excess of 32=B0C and coral depth is 2-3 m.  =
=20
John Barimo
Rob Carter
******************************************************
                                         =20
 John Barimo, M.S.                    =20
 Graduate Student       =20
                                     =20
 Dept. of Marine Biology and Fisheries                    =20
 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
 University of Miami    =20
 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
 Miami, FL 33149                =20
                                     =20
 phone: (305) 361-4642               =20
 fax: (305) 361-4600                 =20
 email: jbarimo@rsmas.miami.edu   =20
******************************************************    =20
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 26 13:54:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA09741; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 13:54:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA04345; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 13:56:55 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004327; Fri, 26 Jun 98 13:56:20 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA27191; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 16:47:11 GMT
Received: from zeus.zeus.cofc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA27186; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 12:47:06 -0400
Received: from elmo2.cofc.edu by zeus.zeus.cofc.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id MAA13015; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 12:46:24 -0400
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980626125725.00b16e60@zeus.cofc.edu>
X-Sender: pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 12:57:26 -0700
To: smiller@gate.net
From: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs At Risk
Cc: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 339
At 02:07 PM 6/24/98 -0400, you wrote:
>Dear Phil,
>
>I have a problem with the "chicken little" approach that is often used in
>public forums to generate support, controversy, or conflict.    And even if
>"the sky is falling" I think that it's important not to oversimplify by
>suggesting simple solutions (or even any solution) to problems as complex as
>coral reef condition - especially in Florida.  I don't think that anyone
>disagrees about the decline of reefs in Florida (and throughout the
Caribbean),
>but since you imply that there are more actions to take - what exactly do you
>think anyone can do to make a difference?
>
Dear Phil,
I have a problem with the "chicken little" approach that is often used in
public forums to generate support, controversy, or conflict.    And even if
"the sky is falling" I think that it's important not to oversimplify by
suggesting simple solutions (or even any solution) to problems as complex as
coral reef condition - especially in Florida.  I don't think that anyone
disagrees about the decline of reefs in Florida (and throughout the
Caribbean),
but since you imply that there are more actions to take - what exactly do you
think anyone can do to make a difference?
Steven,
	I think I speak from a slightly better vantage point than Chicken Little.
And the "sky" isn't about to fall- in many places large chunks have landed.
	The reefs I have been working on have changed dramatically in my
scientific career- one than spans a very short period when compared to the
ecology and geology of reefs. In the northern Florida Keys the corals have
dropped like flies- from diseases, boat groundings, sedimentation, and a
host of other processes. For example, The fore reef terrace of Carysfort
reef has a measured 50 to 65% cover in 1975, now its about 12-13% .  Key
Largo Dry Rocks has probably done the same, as has Molasses and most of the
other reefs in the area.  This is not new- the decline has been going on at
least since the 70's or earlier. Denial masks many things.
	Over the last few years, being a member of the EPA Coral Reef Monitoring
Project has given me the opportunity to place my observations from Key
Largo in context.  And to my eyes, much, if not most of the outer reefs
along the Keys are in the same shape.
	I have appended a manuscript I wrote for the World Bank which outlines
some large steps that we might want to address, but what can we do in the
Keys to "help" the reefs?
	Judy Lang offers a good point- adopt a river. Address the problems of
watershed effluent where they originate- the great rivers.
	Address the immediate problems facing the corals while we try to figure
out whats causing them:
Harold Hudson got named the reef doctor because he works towards the health
of individual corals.
What else could we do you ask?
	"Don't you agree that the two biggest factors related to decreased coral
cover
>	and increased algae on reefs in Florida and throughout the Caribbean are
white
>	band disease and the Diadema dieoff, respectively?"
	I suppose we could hold a few more workshops, or start another monitoring
effort.
Or more seriously we could try to address the problem at the scales it
presents:
1. Corals are being killed by algal overgrowth and algal-sediment
encroachment at rates that far exceed their growth and/or recruitment
rates. Why not get experienced people together (interested naturalists) to
tend the reefs like we tend gardens to reduce these stresses.  People could
play the role of herbivores. This would reduce the algal standing stock
(huge at present) and perhaps give the corals some relief.
2. We could do the same at a finer scale around colonial edges. Next time
you go diving look closely at the edges of the corals. They are fast being
"overgrown" by mats/carpets of filamentus algae and fine sediments. This is
not a new problem, but one that seems to be increasing, especially in the
keys. Careful hads could clean the edges.
3. While we are administering "first aid" it might be prudent to begin to
grow large quantities of diadema and other herbivores in culture. This is
not a simple issue, but if we can grow salmon, clownfish, abalone, and
other interesting collectibles and delectables, why not important
herbivores. And while we're at it, why not stop taking other important
herbivores.
4. We could address the problems of watershed effluent- the bleeding of
sediments, nutrients, and carbon into the sea. In the keys sewage and
nutrients top the list- so why not deal with it straight out- spend the
money for sewage treatment. There are lots of interesting "biological
systems" as well as the standard systems that could be brought to bear on
the problem.
But still the land will bleed. People have got to begin to realize that the
terrestrial ecosystems are conservative, When we develop them, they leak,
like a cut open person. They spill their "guts" into the sea. In the Keys
this includes fine sediments, nutrients, carbon, and lots of pollutants.
People should try to move the system back to its conservative natural
state. Stop using pea gravel and other practices that generate fine
sediments, etc.  Sure, a lot of the water quality issues come from other
places as the Keys are downstream of the whole Caribbean and Gulf of
Mexico, but to use this as an excuse for how you treat your home is shameful.
5. I'm sure theer are lots of other "action" things we could do to help
with the immediate while we attack the larger issues.
	I don't think it takes a rocket scientist to figure a lot of this out.
Just some practical politics and some consciousness. We presently worry
about the reefs and are actively spending money on "restoring" the
structure of reefs rather than the system.  The reefs are the indicators of
larger issues and perhaps, we need to become active at larger scales.  And
we need to do it fast if we are going to leave more than algal carpeted
used-to-be-coral reef for the next generation. When the rains finally do
come to Florida, the ash and debris form the fires will create an even
greater challenge for the reefs. I, for one, am not convinced that we have
to keep a smiley face on the situation to get people to want to help the
reefs.  I think that a lot of people would rather do something more than
watch. Don't you?
	One last comment however. Unless the increase in the Earth's human
population is somehow brought into reasonable limitation, all we do will
probable be wasted in the long run.
						Phil
Text of a manuscript in press with the World Bank  on the Conservation of
Coral Reefs
Coral Reefs, harbingers of global change?
Phillip Dustan
Department of Biology
University of Charleston
Charleston, SC 29424
on behalf of
The Cousteau Society
"Evolution produces a very few new species every million years. If we are
to assume that nature can cope with our feverish developments, it is
probable that mankind would be submitted to the fate of the dinosaurs.
Destruction is quick and easy.  Construction is slow and difficult."
J.Y. Cousteau, 1973.
Coral Reefs
	Coral reefs form in the tropical, equatorial waters of the world's oceans
and are the marine analogs of tropical rain forests. They are the oldest,
most diverse and productive ecosystems in the sea.  Coral reefs are a
reservoir for much of the ocean's biodiversity, provide an estimated 10% of
the world's fisheries, and their productivity fuels intense biogeochemical
activity linking them to the global carbon cycle.  Complex reef structures
house some of Nature's most amazing creatures while protecting miles of
coastline from the full fury of the sea.
	Coral reefs develop to their greatest expression in clear tropical waters
under extremely nutrient-poor conditions.  Abundant solar energy fuels
photosynthetic activity which is transferred to the food web by a host of
grazing herbivores (animals that eat plants).  This lush development of
reefs under extreme oligotrophic conditions created the "paradox of reef"
until the role of symbiosis was fully recognized.  Now we know that the
high productivity of reefs results from the evolution of many symbiotic
associations, mainly coral-algal (zooxanthellae), that increase the
retention of limiting nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus.  Reef
corals are functionally both animals and plants.  Ironically, the same
intricate patterns of survival that have developed over an immense span of
evolutionary time make the reef vulnerable to changes in environmental
conditions, especially temperature, sediment, and nutrient concentrations.
	Anthropogenic stresses are thought to be contributing to the decline in
coral reef ecosystems, notably in the Caribbean and the western Atlantic.
Driven by the engine of ever increasing human population, more and more
land has been converted from its natural state.  Generally, terrestrial
ecosystems tend to be conservative and export little in the way of
nutrients, carbon, and sediments.  But, agriculture, urbanization, and
deforestation reduce the capacity of terrestrial ecosystems to trap and
retain materials.  Development has altered the ecological characteristic of
watersheds overloading rivers with sediments, nutrients, and adding toxic
chemicals.  Simple runoff has become an effluent that can have a
significant deleterious influence on water quality.  The addition of
fertilizers, organic carbon, and urban and commercial dumping further
enrich the watershed's effluent as it flows into the sea.  When these
ecological variables pass some threshold , the species composition of the
reef community becomes reorganized.
	The addition of sediments and/or nutrients triggers a set of ecological
processes that alter the selective pressures facing corals.  In disturbed
areas, increased loading of sediments and nutrients often co-occur, making
it difficult to isolate their individual effects.  Generally, increased
sediment and nutrient loading favor the growth of macroalgae over corals.
Suspended sediments reduce light levels to the corals and coat their soft
tissue surfaces.  Algae strip nutrients from the water column quickly
enabling them to grow faster than stony corals.
	Excess sediment, coarse or fine, smothers coral tissue, impeding diffusive
gas exchange through the tissues while also reducing the amount of light
available for photosynthesis.  Since corals work best when their surfaces
are sediment-free, their metabolic efficiency diminishes. Energy spent on
housekeeping is not available for prey capture, growth or reproduction.  As
the sediment load increases, the tissues cannot maintain their status and
tissue death occurs.  Microbes quickly claim the freshly exposed skeleton
which is followed by a successional process ending with an algal turf or
macroalgal community.  Tissue losses increase when, through fishing and
collecting, levels of herbivory are reduced or at least altered.  Such
reefs change from coral gardens to algal-covered rocks, precisely the type
of trend which is one of the key problems facing coral reef ecosystems in
the Caribbean and western Atlantic today.
	Curiously, luxuriant reefs can be found naturally in areas with high
sediment loading such as could be found near the mouths of tropical rivers
along the Jamaica north coast.  The difference is that these reefs
developed under these conditions rather than being subject to dramatic
environmental shifts after becoming established.  Reef corals that have
developed under one set of conditions may not posses the necessary
flexibility in their physiology or genetic makeup to "cope" with the added
stress of rapid environmental change.
	The death rate of coral tissue from sediment necrosis increases when algae
grow in close proximity to corals.  Macroalgae can shade coral tissue
causing bleaching and eventually tissue necrosis.  Large algal colonies can
also abrade the soft coral tissue as they wave in the surge.  Microalgal
filaments at the edge of corals, form effective sediment dams which prevent
corals from clearing sediment off their surface, slowly suffocating the
live tissue.  This process, termed edge damage, is a "functional disease"
and appears to be a significant source of coral tissue mortality.
Additionally, any lesion increases susceptibility to opportunistic
pathogens which can kill a colony in less than 1/100 of the time it takes
to grow.  In the Florida Keys in 1974, I observed the process on reefs that
had increased amounts of fine sedimentation.  The condition became much
more prevalent after the mass mortality of Diadema antuillarum greatly
reduced levels of herbivory.  Today, throughout the Florida Keys and
Bahamas,  almost anything that lives on hard substrate is being overgrown
by algae.  It is abundant, almost metastatic, on the outer reefs of Key
Largo.  Molasses Reef, the most heavily visited reef in the world, has
thick rug-like algal mats while Carysfort Reef has mats with finer
filaments.  Both types of algal communities trap sediments and the finer
particulate organic snow which shade, smother, and rather quickly kill
coral tissue.
	The reefs in many parts of the Caribbean and western Atlantic are showing
signs of decreasing vitality; coral cover is decreasing while algae are
increasing.  Coral regeneration is slowing and the increased levels of
algal biomass may be, in part, responsible for reduced levels of coral
larvae settlement.  Signs of stress appear most evident on coastal reefs
near population centers.  In the Florida Keys, one of the most dramatic
sites, I am frequently asked which single factor is responsible, sediments
or nutrients?  My perspective is that the "factor" may actually be the
accumulation of a series of nested stresses which are as local as the
fisherman, as regional as the landowner, sugarcane field, or village, and
as global as deforestation in Amazonia, the ozone hole, and greenhouse
effect.  Each factor compounds the rest, a synergy towards death for the
reef.
	Locating the source of increased levels of nutrients and sediments, and
other stressors, has proven as elusive as defining the nested levels of
stress.  In the Florida Keys, the effluent of cities, towns, farms, a
watershed too vast to control, slowly bleeds into the sea through canals,
rivers, and coastal bays.  The origin can either be a steady and
well-defined point source stream or an effluent that seeps from the land
with each rainfall.  Both push sediments, nutrients, and contaminants into
the sea.  More of it upwells from injected sewage, some leaches from
shallow septic tanks, urban lawns, agricultural lands, or vacant lots.
Some washes into the sea along the west and east coast of Florida, the
Everglades, the Mississippi, and lands that are farther downstream.  Bits
and pieces from a diffuse array of sources contribute to a pervasive level
of adverse stress for the reef.
	The changes we are witnessing in reefs are echoes of the increased levels
of harmful algal blooms in coastal waters, beach closings, and the general
global decline in fisheries.  The impact of man is extending into the seas.
 Watershed effluent, runoff from increasingly urbanized landscapes, an
unprecedented manipulation by humans, is thought to be responsible for
increased levels of nutrients and sediments but the definitive data are not
yet in.  The data are elusive because reef community metabolism has evolved
to rapidly take up and sequester the very nutrients signal we are trying to
detect.  Increases in algal biomass are thought to reflect increased
nutrients but do not constitute proof.  Carbonate sediments are almost as
hard to follow, so at this time we are left with correlation rather than
causality. It is my belief that the declining vitality of reefs is a metric
for the health of the oceans, analogous to the coal miner's canary in the
cage.  They are the fragile harbingers of change warning us of declining
oceanic health.
	Coral reefs, rain forests, and human civilization are the three most
complex communities on Earth.  The first two are the most productive
natural communities, while humanity, is rapidly encroaching on the entire
planet.  Reefs are the oldest, having existed since there were organisms
with skeletons in the sea.  Modern coral reefs date from about 250 million
years before present.  Like rain forests, these communities have evolved an
ecological logic that allows them to flourish and persist on a planet that
is forever changing.
	Over enormous spans of evolutionary time, very sophisticated relationships
emerge which form the core of biodiversity.  The most elaborate ecosystems
tend to be found in places that are old, benign, predictable, and
frequently rich in solar energy.  These ecosystems are very proficient at
elemental recycling so that the living portions of the habitat are richer
in nutrients, than their surrounding soils or seas.  Both reefs and rain
forests develop to their highest expressions in habitats that seemingly
cannot support luxuriant growth. The soil of rain forests is extremely
poor, and the clear warm tropical seas that bath reefs have nutrient levels
at or below the level of minimum detection.  In this case, more is not
always necessarily better.
	Human civilization is undergoing an unprecedented population expansion
coupled with an economy driven by consumption and profit, as opposed to
efficiency and recycling.  Humans treat biological resources like
agricultural systems in which net production is maximized rather than
managing for sustainable yields.  Such systems are inherently unstable.
They require a constant input of nutrients, very little of which are
sequestered in the standing stock or "body" of the ecosystem.  They grow at
the expense of other systems and greatly increase the entropy of
surrounding areas.  But, since the earth is finite, this approach cannot
continue without increasingly severe degradation of the Biosphere.
	One long range vision for future humanity suggests that the incorporation
of the logic of natural systems into our mode of living might, perhaps,
enable civilization to persist as long as coral reefs and rain forests.
Given humanity's commerce-driven dominance of ecosystems. the environmental
and long term costs of economic activities need to be reflected in market
prices.  We must change our present practices, lest we leave only our
wastes for future generations.
	The very first diving expedition of Calypso was to the Red Sea, beginning
the modern study of coral reefs using the Aqualung.  It was there that
Cousteau became astounded and entranced by the splendor and extravagant
beauty of the coral world.  In time his concern grew for the careless
destruction that our unchecked technological development is spreading into
the oceans.  His legacy to us is a greater understanding and appreciation
for the marvels of life.
 Recommendations for The World Bank
Recognizing that coral reefs may be indicators of oceanic health and that
their decline may forebode the decline of the oceans, The World Bank should
assume a leadership role in the global conservation of coral reefs for a
sustainable future by undertaking the following:
1.  Establish an international interdisciplinary working group composed of
scientific, technical, and policy experts to ascertain the state of
knowledge of coral reef ecosystems and to make recommendations concerning
the sustainable future of coral reef ecosystems.
2.  Establish collaborations with international space agencies to develop a
global capability to map and monitor the distribution of coral reef
communities, to ascertain their health, and to identify potential hazards
to their future.
3.  Support a climate of stimulation for existing activities and fund
scientific programs on the health and vitality of coral reef ecosystems,
and support efforts to implement sustainable fisheries practices at all
levels.
4. Recognize the dynamics of population growth in coastal areas and focus
attention on protecting the ecology of the land-sea margin and watersheds
of coastlines and rivers.  Address land-based sources of marine pollution,
including nutrient and chemical inputs, soil erosion, and forest and
agriculture practices.
5.  Support the development of an industrial/technological ecology focused
both on remediation and an end to pollution of the seas, and develop new
environmental management techniques integrating ecology, economics,
technology and social sciences ("Ecotechnie") with the goal of
significantly reducing pollution in coastal areas, remediating ecological
harm, protecting human health, and enhancing human welfare.
6.  Expand support for small-scale projects designed to eliminate
destructive fishing (i.e. cyanide and dynamite), implement reef surveys and
monitoring activities, and protect reefs from physical harm.  Work at the
national and international level to address fisheries which exploit
children, and implement "certification" programs for aquarium fish to
assure they are caught in non-harmful manner.  Explore the use of
microcredit loans for small-scale entrepreneurial activities to promote the
sustainable use of coral reef resources.
7. Insure that the knowledge and means for management are transferred to
tropical developing nations where most of the world's reefs are located,
and assist in developing the capacity of local communities to manage and
use these resources in a sustainable manner.
8.  Support the establishment of marine protected areas and PSSAs
(Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas) to assure the conservation of marine
biodiversity.
9.  Support the full implementation of the Jakarta Mandate on Marine and
Coastal Biodiversity, and the development of a Protocol on Marine
Biodiversity Conservation to the Convention on Biological Diversity.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 26 17:34:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA12013; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 17:34:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA16132; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 17:37:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016127; Fri, 26 Jun 98 17:37:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA28112; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 20:25:04 GMT
Received: from jaguar1.usouthal.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA28107; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 16:25:00 -0400
Received: by jaguar1.usouthal.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id PAA25926; Fri, 26 Jun 1998 15:25:04 -0500
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 15:25:04 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Thaddeus J. Murdoch" <tmurdoch@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Reply-To: "Thaddeus J. Murdoch" <tmurdoch@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.3.88.9806261417.A22584-0100000@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 340
Recently, several comments have been made regarding the decline and
artificial regeneration of the coral assemblages of the Florida Keys:
Phil Dustan - Wed. 24 June 1998:
>...the reefs [of the Keys]...will be gone soon...
 Les Kaufman - Wed. 24 June 1998:
>Since acroporids and agariciids are the principal corals with
>response times and growth rates commensurate with human
>intervention, should they not be the principle focus of efforts
>toward [forced-recruitment]?
Given the fact of coral decline in the Keys:  The null hypothesis is that
all coral species are declining, and are all doing so at an equal rate.
This would imply that all coral species are equally affected by whatever
large-scale disturbances are perturbating the Florida reef tract.
In 1995, as part the Keyswide Coral Reef Expedition, I sampled the coral
assemblage structure of 16 spur and groove reefs (15-20 m depth).  The
sampled reefs were located over the entire Florida reef tract, from
Biscayne Bay to the Dry Tortugas.
Coral cover and abundance varied dramatically from reef to reef in a way
that suggests that meso-scale gradients in water quality are the primary
factors affecting the community composition from reef to reef.
Particularily interesting patterns emerge when the coral cover data are
segregated into guilds, with each guild composed of species that share
morphology and reproductive mode.  The guilds I examined are:
  - Mound-like corals that broadcast spawn gametes,
  - Mound-like corals that release brooded planula,
  - Plating and Foliose Corals (which are mostly brooding
    corals in the Caribbean),
  - Branched corals that broadcast spawn gametes and
  - Branched corals that release brooded larvae.
When the % cover of each guild is examined relative to total coral cover
on each reef, the following pattern emerges (simplified below):
         20-     . Total % coral cover              .
           -     x % Massive Spawners             .
           -     + % Massive Brooders           .
           -     - % Branching and Plating    .       x
           -                                .       x
         15-                              .       x
           -                            .       x
           -                          .       x
           -                        .       x
Guild      -                      .      x
% cover  10-                   .      x
per reef   -                 .      x
           -               .      x
           -             .      x
           -           .     x
           5-        .     x
           -            x
           -         x
           -                          ++++++++++++++++
           -         ++++++++++++++++-----------------
           0___________________________________________
            0        5         10        15        20
                    Total % coral cover per reef
Massive corals that spawn gametes track changes in total coral cover
consistently.  Massive corals that brood demonstrate only slightly
increased cover on reefs with high total coral cover. All other guilds do not
change in cover at all relative to reef to reef differences in total coral
cover.
It appears that only the massive spawners are affected by the
environmental gradients which control total coral cover on each reef,
while all other groups are relatively unaffected (at present).  Note:
branching corals that spawn gametes (the acroporids) were all but absent
from the 20-m deep reefs in 1995, demonstrating the powerful effects of
region-wide disturbances such as disease.
In terms of artificially increasing coral cover in the Keys - the only
steps that are likely to work, based on the above, should be improving
water quality (locally and regionally) and the forced-recruitment of the
massive spawners and the branching spawners. These corals employ rapid,
indeterminate growth and high fragmentation rates as a means of
dominating a reef.  The forced-recruitent of massive brooding corals or
the other guilds (which include agariciids) is not likely to lead to an
increase in total coral cover on reefs of good environmental quality. These
corals are more adaped to utilize patches that are at an early successional
state, and generally maintain low cover on these reefs regardless of
environmental condition.
Thad Murdoch
--------------------------------------------------------------
Project Manager
No-Take Zones of the Florida Keys - Benthic Monitoring Project
Dauphin Island Sea Lab,
PO Box 369, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528, USA.
Tel: (334) 861-7532  Fax: (334) 861-7540
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun 27 05:49:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA14403; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 05:49:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA23852; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 05:51:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma023845; Sat, 27 Jun 98 05:51:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA00481; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 08:59:49 GMT
Received: from NIH2WAAF by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA00475; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 04:59:44 -0400
Received: from mail pickup service by csi.com with Microsoft SMTPSVC;
	 Sat, 27 Jun 1998 04:59:47 -0400
Received: from 195.232.2.151 (ld02-151.lon.compuserve.com [195.232.2.151])
	by hil-img-ims-4.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/IMS-1.3) with SMTP id EAA08526
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 04:59:31 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 1998 04:59:31 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806270859.EAA08526@hil-img-ims-4.compuserve.com>
From: Peter Vogt <apnea@ultraviolet.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Survey Analysis Software
X-Mailer: Top Gun Postman version 1.2 beta for USR PalmPilot
X-URL: http://www.isaac.cs.berkeley.edu/pilot/TGpostman/
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 341
Hi folks,
I have just joined the list & are a newcomer to the field of coral reef conservation. My background is in software engineering, although I have spent the last 3 months working in the field on a coral conservation project in Indonesia as a volunteer.
What I would like to do now is to create some software that will help marine biologists and others to analyse and make use of the survey results, in particular those of species level analysis. I have seen one package by the name of Biomar.
Do people on this list, who would be interested in such software, have views on what such software should do for them? Does anyone know of other packages? What are their good and bad points?
With my limited experience it seems to me that the survey process in the field could be made more efficient and less labour intensive by having the right software at this stage.
Any pointers, such as Urls etc. would be more than welcome - my websearches so far have been fruitless...
Thanks for your help. I will return to Indonesia and be offline (no phone) in one week. If there is sufficient interest I will collate and post to the list.
Cheers
Peter Vogt
--
Pete Vogt
apnea@ultraviolet.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun 27 14:31:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA15814; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 14:31:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA29535; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 14:34:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029529; Sat, 27 Jun 98 14:33:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA02255; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 17:50:51 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA02249; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 13:50:46 -0400
Message-Id: <199806271750.NAA02249@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.26](130.111.160.26) by MAINE.maine.edu
   (IBM VM SMTP V2R3) with TCP; Sat, 27 Jun 98 13:49:50 EDT
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 98 13:52:13 -0400
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
To: "Thaddeus J. Murdoch" <tmurdoch@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>,
        <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 342
Dear Thaddeus,
  I've been interested to learn the results of the 1995 Keyswide Coral
Reef Expedition.  Your results spawned some questions that perhaps you
can answer.
1.  How can patterns of decline be determined from a single survey?  Do
you have a way of estimating the rate of coral mortality?
2.  Since percent cover of coral varies for many reasons (including
morphogenetic reasons) how do you sort out reefs that always have had low
cover from those that have declined to that level recently?
3.  Are you surprised at the low acroporid abundance at 20 m?  Most
geologists who find Acropora palmata in their cores assume they grew
between 10 m and the surface.  In St. Croix in 1973 we had about a 12 m
depth max for that species.  Are you sure it's absence at 20 m now
demonstrates "the powerful effects of region-wide disturbances such as
disease?" (Don't get me wrong, I believe Acroporids have succumbed to
disease throughout the region)
4.  Perhaps I don't understand your figure but wouldn't that pattern
develop if massive spawners are the dominant corals at depths of 20 m.
If that's so, wouldn't a similar figure be generated on just about every
reef in the Caribbean?  Excuse me if I misunderstood what you meant.
  Sincerely,
  Bob Steneck
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun 27 23:37:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA16822; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 23:37:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA04092; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 23:39:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004088; Sat, 27 Jun 98 23:39:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA03800; Sun, 28 Jun 1998 02:38:42 GMT
Received: from jaguar1.usouthal.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA03795; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 22:38:37 -0400
Received: by jaguar1.usouthal.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id VAA13397; Sat, 27 Jun 1998 21:38:32 -0500
Date: Sat, 27 Jun 1998 21:38:31 -0500 (CDT)
From: "Thaddeus J. Murdoch" <tmurdoch@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Reply-To: "Thaddeus J. Murdoch" <tmurdoch@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk - Guilds questions
To: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <199806271750.NAA02249@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.88.9806272107.A12930-0100000@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 343
Dear Dr. Steneck,
In answer to your questions:
>1.  How can patterns of decline be determined from a single survey?
It was not my intent to show guild-specific differences in decline over
time, although I would love to be able to do so.  Additional surveys of the
entire reef tract are needed to accomplish this.
>2.  Since percent cover of coral varies for many reasons (including
>morphogenetic reasons) how do you sort out reefs that always have had low
>cover from those that have declined to that level recently?
My intent was to examine whether all coral guilds responded equally to
whatever disturbances resulted in the reef-to-reef differences in total
coral cover.  If all of the guilds were equally affected by the slew of
disturbances that assaulted each reef up to the point in time when we
sampled, one could reasonably expect to see all guilds demonstrate higher
cover on reefs with high total coral cover, and lower cover on the reefs
with low total coral cover, when compared over the entire reef tract as a
whole.
The results, on the other hand, show that only the massive spawners
demonstrate coral cover which varies linearly with total coral cover per
reef.  All other guilds do not vary.  In other words, reefs which we would
qualitatively classify as healthy (i.e. high coral cover) have the SAME
cover of massive brooders, plating corals and branching brooders as a
reef we would qualitatively classify as unhealthy (hardgrounds too!).
This implies not only that all guilds do not respond equally to whatever
factors determine total coral cover from reef to reef, but that most
guilds are hardly affected at all, as long as there is rock to live on.
The next question is - Have only the massive spawning corals and the
branching spawners been declining over Recent time in the Keys, or have
all guilds?  The above results indicate that all guilds might not have
been declining.  I don't have the data to answer this question, yet.
Perhaps others do.
>3.  Are you surprised at the low acroporid abundance at 20 m? etc...
Sorry, I should have been more specific.  What I meant was that _Acropora
cervicornis_  was absent. Many of the reefs we sampled had large amounts
of A. cervicornis rubble on them, implying that the reefs had possessed
A.cervicornis in the past.  I think that the graph I presented would have
looked different in regards to this guild had we sampled a few decades ago.
>4.  Perhaps I don't understand your figure but wouldn't that pattern
>develop if massive spawners are the dominant corals at depths of 20 m.
They are the dominant corals.  Since the massive spawners (and
branched spawners) possess the properties that make them the dominant
corals, and since they appear the most affected by water quality, the
corals of these guilds are the best choice for forced-recruitment in the
Florida Keys. Subordinate guilds, with slower growth etc., are less
likely to increase total coral cover over an entire reef, even though
they are better able to cope with poor water quality.
>If that's so, wouldn't a similar figure be generated on just about every
>reef in the Caribbean?
I would be thrilled if these results scaled up to predict the guild
compostion of the deeper spur-and-groove reefs over the entire Caribbean,
relative to reef-by-reef differences in disturbance history.
On a separate issue, I am not sure we need to resort to
forced-recruitment in the Keys at the moment. For instance, the sexually
generated offspring of A.cervicornis appear to be recruiting back to the Keys
on their own.  However, steps to improve the water quality of
the Caribbean should be taken immediately.
Respectfully,
Thad Murdoch
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Project Manager
No-Take Zones of the Florida Keys - Benthic Monitoring Project
Dauphin Island Sea Lab,
PO Box 369, Dauphin Island, Alabama, 36528, USA.
Tel: (334) 861-7532  Fax: (334) 861-7540
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun 28 12:11:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA18123; Sun, 28 Jun 1998 12:11:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA08257; Sun, 28 Jun 1998 12:14:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008248; Sun, 28 Jun 98 12:13:27 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA06231; Sun, 28 Jun 1998 15:39:42 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA06226; Sun, 28 Jun 1998 11:39:37 -0400
Received: (qmail 570 invoked by uid 0); 28 Jun 1998 15:39:33 -0000
Message-ID: <19980628153933.569.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 139.30.22.100 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Sun, 28 Jun 1998 08:39:32 PDT
X-Originating-IP: [139.30.22.100]
From: "christiane hueerkamp" <chrhueerkamp@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: position wanted
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Sun, 28 Jun 1998 08:39:32 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 344
Dear coral-listers,
I am a recently graduated student with a Masters / Diplom in
Marine Biology at the University of Rostock in Germany. My thesis
was about El-Nino related elevated temperature effects on eastern
Pacific corals, with the practical work being done during a 7 month stay
at the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute in Panama.
I am currently employed as an assistant at the Institute for Baltic
Sea Research in Rostock.  For the future I am looking for an opportunity
to continue with a career in tropical marine biology.  Therefore, I
would be interested to hear of any forthcoming positions, starting after
February 1999.  For my c.v. and further details please contact me
directly at chrhueerkamp@hotmail.com
Many thanks,
Christiane Hueerkamp
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 07:45:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA21464; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 07:45:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA22298; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 07:48:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022294; Mon, 29 Jun 98 07:48:31 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA09969; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 10:41:00 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA09964; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 06:40:51 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1057 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <627359-13582>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 18:39:31 +0800
Message-ID: <35976EEB.AA3B1289@ust.hk>
Date: 	Mon, 29 Jun 1998 18:39:39 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Adopt-a-Reef
References: <v01530507b1b7df5fbc7f@[146.6.132.58]>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 345
Dear Colleagues,
The coral-list recently has been the site of an important discussion
some of which could fall under the question of, "What ACTION should we
be taking to 'help' Caribbean reefs." Some colleagues seem to believe
that having a complete scientific understanding of reef ecology and
dynamics is needed before we can do anything sensible, while others feel
that 'more monitoring' is a pointless task.
I believe that participation in community-based monitoring programs such
as Reef Check is THE PRIMARY solution to coral reef problems because it
is the first step towards developing an "adopt-a-reef" attitude among
local residents wherever reefs are found. By taking part in monitoring,
citizens develop that sense of stewardship that is currently lacking. As
the number of educated stakeholders increases, so does the public
pressure on governments to act to stop unsustainable activities both on
land and at sea that lead to reef damage and to support conservation
measures such as MPA creation. It was not too many years ago that oil
drilling leases were being offered on the GBR. This would not be
possible today because a sizable percentage of Australians now have a
strong sense of stewardship for the reef.
Regarding rehabilitation, the old adage, "an ounce of prevention is
worth a pound of cure" applies well to reefs -- reef rehabilitation is
usually expensive (see e.g. International Workshop on the Rehabilitation
of Degraded Coastal Systems, Phuket, 19-24 January, 1998. For details
contact: <a.j.edwards@ncl.ac.uk>).
Of the funding available for coral reef research and monitoring, we will
always need a balance of community-based monitoring, intensive and
taxonomically detailed "government" monitoring, and basic research into
coral reef ecology and the response of reefs to anthropogenic and
natural perturbations.
However, without the crucial step of building stewardship, no amount of
government regulation, MPA creation or expensive rehabilitation will
help coral reefs, regardless of the quality of our scientific
understanding. So, if you are a scientist -- "Ask not what coral reefs
can do for your publication record, but ask what you can do to educate
the public about coral reefs."
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 Fax: (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check website: www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 09:49:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA23204; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 09:49:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA01229; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 09:52:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001221; Mon, 29 Jun 98 09:51:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA10554; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:03:41 GMT
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:03:41 GMT
Message-Id: <199806291303.NAA10554@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Christine Reilly <creilly@mit.edu>
Subject: First National Conference on Marine Bioinvasions
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 346
If you would like to be added to the mailing list for the conference, please
send your mailing address to:  creilly@mit.edu
For the most up to date information about the conference, please visit the
conference web page:
http://massbay.mit.edu/exoticspecies/conference.html
ANNOUNCING
The first NATIONAL CONFERENCE on MARINE BIOINVASIONS
CONVENED BY THE MIT SEA GRANT COLLEGE PROGRAM
CALL FOR PAPERS
ABSTRACTS DUE 9/1/98
The first National Conference on Marine Bioinvasions will focus on
biological invasions of exotic species in coastal, estuarine and marine
ecosystems.  An emphasis will be on ballast water research and management,
ecological and genetic consequences of invasions, diversity in time and
space, transport vectors (unintentional and intentional), economic costs and
status of predictive tools for assisting managers.
We are seeing papers in all areas, and will be devoting a special section to
ballast water research including new and proposed approaches for minimizing
releases, e.g. ballast water research, fouling organisms, and intentional
and unintentional aquaculture releases.
Dates:  January 24 - 27, 1999
Location:  Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, MA  USA
If you are interested in learning more about the conference or are likely to
submit an abstract or poster abstract, send your name and address to Judith
Pederson, MIT Sea Grant College Program, 292 Main Street E38-300, Cambridge,
MA 02129, email:  jpederso@mit.edu, fax: 617-252-1615.
We are excited about the conference and look forward to seeing you there.
***************************************************************
Chrissi Reilly		MIT Class of 1999
creilly@mit.edu		Environmental Engineering and Science
617-253-9311
***************************************************************
First National Conference on Marine Bioinvasions
http://massbay.mit.edu/exoticspecies/conference.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 09:52:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA23262; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 09:52:23 -0400 (EDT)
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA01394; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 09:55:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001386; Mon, 29 Jun 98 09:54:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA10562; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:04:18 GMT
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:04:18 GMT
Message-Id: <199806291304.NAA10562@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 347
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 1998 12:31:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list
Subject: Re: underwater GPS?
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
FYI:   There are military versions of GPS (MUGR, minature uw gps receiver and
PUGR, precise uw gps receiver)that are used by Seal teams and others.  The
antenna must be on the surface to catch the signal.  Unless you have DOD
contacts the possibilities are slim and none of getting access to an underwater
GPS.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 10:08:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA23448; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 10:08:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA02457; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 10:11:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002374; Mon, 29 Jun 98 10:10:50 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA10763; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 13:28:10 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA10757; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 09:28:06 -0400
Received: from osha.inav.net (dip325.inav.net [205.160.208.195]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.5/8.6.12) with SMTP id IAA04660 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 08:27:57 -0500
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980629082710.006ed48c@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 08:27:10 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Gregor Hodgson's message
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 348
Gregor Hodgson wrote:
>I believe that participation in community-based monitoring programs such
>as Reef Check is THE PRIMARY solution to coral reef problems because it
>is the first step towards developing an "adopt-a-reef" attitude among
>local residents wherever reefs are found.
While Gregor did state that it was just an opinion (and it makes sense that
such a program is important) the claim that community-based monitoring is
THE PRIMARY solution to coral reef problems seems a bit overstated. While
there may well be lots of reefs for which this holds true, aren't there
also many others for which other solutions are needed? For example, reefs
that have few/no local residents but which are suffering from anthropogenic
degradation. And even in cases in which building a local sense of
stewardship is primary, monitoring may not be the most efficient method.
With problems and conditions so diverse, it seems (my opinion) that there
is no "primary" solution. Perhaps, instead, there are several equally
important "solutions" that vary according to place. Or, more difficult
still, for a given reef there may be several equally important steps that
need to be taken at the same time.
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 South Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Ph: 319-338-4778
Fax: 319-338-8606
osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 11:12:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA24517; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 11:11:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA07161; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 11:14:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007146; Mon, 29 Jun 98 11:14:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11071; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 14:25:18 GMT
Received: from gate.sinica.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA11066; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 10:25:11 -0400
Received: from [140.109.48.206] ([140.109.48.206])
	by gate.sinica.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id WAA05334
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 22:24:54 +0800 (CST)
X-Sender: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Message-Id: <v0300780bb1bd46c85fec@[140.109.48.206]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 22:31:21 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Allen C. Chen" <cac@sinica.edu.tw>
Subject:  IX PSA Inter-congress--ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION OF CORAL REEF IN
 THE PACIFIC
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 349
Dear coral-listers,
The IX Pacific Science Association Intercongress-----Sustainable
Development in the Pacific,  will be held in the Academia Sinica, Taipei,
Taiwan from 15 to 21 November 1998.  One of the 20 symposia,  "ECOLOGY AND
CONSERVATION OF CORAL REEF IN THE PACIFIC" will be hosted by the Institute
of Zoology, Academia Sinica.  As the health and future of coral reefs
around the world is becoming an overwhelming issue, we believe this
symposium will be an important step to bring the scientists around the
Pacific together to discuss the possible solutions for sustainable future
of coral reef in this region.
Confirmed speakers include:
Plenary Lecture:
   Jeremy B. C. Jackson
Invited Speakers:
   Nancy Knowlton
   Charlie Veron
   Charles Birkeland
   Terrence Hughes
   Terry Done
   Edgardo Gomez
   Robert Rowan
   Howard Choat
   Bette Willis
To be confirmed:
   Richard Grigg, Callum Roberts
Contributions on the wide aspect of ecology and conservation of coral reef
are welcome. More information regarding to registration, abstract
submission, traveling and accommodation is available at
http://www.sinica.edu.tw/~psa or by contacting Allen C. Chen, Institute of
Zoology, Academia Sinica, Nangkang 115, Taipei, Taiwan. Phone:
886-2-2789-9549; Fax: 886-2-785-8059; E-mail: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Cheers, Allen
Allen C. Chen, PhD
Assistant Research Fellow
Institute of Zoology
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
Ph: 886-2-2789-9549
Fax: 886-2-2785-8059
E-mail: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 16:02:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA29266; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 16:02:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA29175; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 16:05:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029131; Mon, 29 Jun 98 16:04:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA12219; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 19:17:14 GMT
Received: from wayback.er.usgs.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA12214; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 15:17:07 -0400
Received: from [131.247.143.251] (zeke.er.usgs.gov) by wayback.er.usgs.gov (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA03421; Mon, 29 Jun 98 15:16:47 EDT
X-Sender: gene@wayback
Message-Id: <v03110703b1bd97eb176c@[131.247.143.251]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 15:16:42 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Gene Shinn <gene@wayback.er.usgs.gov>
Subject: Coral demise
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 350
<fontfamily><param>Geneva</param>  Not wishing to add to or detract
from the recent "chicken little" debates, I offer some recent
observations that will be of interest to many of you. On June 25, 1998
I revisited and photographed the <underline>Montastrea
annularis</underline> head on Grecian Rocks off Key Largo that I have
photographed regularly since 1961. The head has become smaller and
gorgonians are continuing to flourish and encroach where in the 1960s
and 70s vast thickets of <underline>A. cervicornis</underline>
flourished. There were some small clumps of approximately 2-year-old
<underline>A. cervicornis</underline> nearby.
     The Christ statue site at Key Largo Dry Rocks was also visited
because within visual range (north west of the statue) there is a huge
head of <underline>Colpophyllia natans</underline>. This head has
thrived in spite of diver impact. One can  only assume that this head
receives more knocks, kicks and bumps than any other coral in the Keys.
However, what was expected 20 years ago has finally happened. The upper
1/4 to 1/3 of that head is now dead (when death occurred or whether it
was caused by divers is not known). There were similar but smaller
heads in 6 m of water (below kicking depth)100 m or more away from the
statue that were also dead and/or infected by active black band
disease. Bleaching was not apparent at the sites visited. The condition
of Florida reefs does not appear to be improving in spite of the
millions spent researching and monitoring the problem.
</fontfamily>
"If we lose our capacity to be wrong, we are not doing the business of
science" Charles L. Drake
------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
Gene Shinn                          | email  eshinn@usgs.gov
USGS Center for Coastal Geology     |
600 4th St. South                   | voice  (813) 893-3100 x3030
St.Petersburg, FL  33701            | fax    (813) 893-3333
------------------------------------
-----------------------------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 19:30:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA00834; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 19:30:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA07261; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 19:33:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007244; Mon, 29 Jun 98 19:32:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA12859; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 22:32:23 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA12852; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 18:32:19 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <KFL9TG3B>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 18:32:07 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB76@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs at Risk.
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 18:30:20 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="ISO-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 351
Dear Group:
I just returned to find my email inbox loaded with various views on this
question of "reefs at risk"
Since a few of the examples discussed included some of my own research
and/or research areas, I felt that I needed to throw in my two-cents
worth.
Recently, I was having a discussion with Sen. Bob Graham (FL) with
regards to the "coral reef crisis" in Florida.  Cutting to the quick,
Sen. Graham asked me if what was going on in Florida was happening
elsewhere throughout the Caribbean and western Atlantic?  The answer is
yes.  An emphatic YES!  Although this in itself is very disturbing,
trying to blame Florida's coral reef woes on the sugar industry or
primitive septic systems in the Keys is out of place and off target.
I'm not saying these should not be included in a comprehensive
management plan for a sustainable south Florida...they should.  But as
Steven Miller has made clear the "chicken little" approach, while it
sells memberships to The Cousteau Society, Reef Relief and others, does
not offer much in the way of rigorous quality science or to finding
common ground for solutions... and these should not be mutually
exclusive... I hope quality science will be at the forefront of future
management decisions and solutions.
The same increases in macroalgae we are seeing across the Florida reef
tract are being observed throughout the region (Almost without
exception!).  The two prevailing paradigms for this increase in seaweeds
include the loss of herbivores(overfishing) and nutrification
(decreasing water quality).  Trying to tease out the most important of
these two on a regional scale (finding the smoking gun) has proved to be
troublesome and problematic.  Certainly, each of these are important on
some reefs, while on others both are working in concert towards reef
decline.  However, on a regional basis the one common link has been
declining coral cover.  Specifically, the mortality of the acroporids on
a regional scale.  Over the past two decades these corals have succumbed
to disease (white syndromes) as well as physical damage thereby opening
space for the colonization by rapidly recruiting and fast growing algal
species.  This has occurred on reefs far from population centers on some
of the most "pristine" and remote reefs of the entire region.  In the
early 1980's as White Band Disease obliterated A. cervicornis on the
Florida reef tract, the same malaise affected reefs of the eastern
Bahamas.   These Bahamian reefs are bathed in some of the most
oligotrophic waters of the western Atlantic.  No nearby river systems,
no burgeoning population on these islands, no deforestation problems, no
sugarcane industry, plenty of herbivorous fish, etc....  In comparing
similar habitats (apples to apples) these reefs look no different today
than their Florida counterparts...lots of A. cervicornis rubble covered
with macroalgae (in fact as Bob Steneck points out many of these reefs
are in far worse shape than the Florida examples), while stands of other
corals such as Montastrea spp. appear to be thriving.  This is the same
in Bonaire, Belize, Columbia, and so on...  Rich Aronson and I have been
struggling with this question for the last decade and a half and have
just completed a paper that discusses this in some detail (Aronson and
Precht, in-press, Evolutionary paleoecology of Caribbean coral reefs in
Allmon and Bottjer (eds).The Ecological Context of Macroevolutionary
Change. Columbia University Press).
Certainly, Florida's reefs are in crisis...but than so is every reef in
the Caribbean.  Trying to pick the 12 most endangered is way too
subjective, even with a list of discriminators...everybody has a
favorite reef which brings me the second part of my discussion... The
Reefs of Belize.
First off I'd like to clarify one of Les Kaufman's points in an earlier
discussion.  Les stated "Belize was unusual in that when the acorporids
began to vanish, there was an endemic agariciid...that could serve as a
partial functional replacement, and it did."  Although he is partially
correct (see Aronson and Precht, 1997, Stasis, biological disturbance,
and community structure of a Holocene coral reef: Paleobiology
23(3):326-346.), the reefs that were replaced by agariciids were
lagoonal reef complexes in central Belize.  The main Belizean Barrier
Reef and offshore Atolls, lost A.cervicornis during more or less the
same time period.  However, on these reefs the replacement species was
macroalgae just like most of the rest of the Caribbean including
Florida.  This coral-to-macroalgal scenario for Belize will be shown in
an upcoming "reef site" in CORAL REEFS by McClanahan et al.
Now turning to the reefs of southern Belize.  The Maya hinterland is
being deforested at a staggering rate, mostly for agri-development.
This has dramatically increased the amount of sediment laden water
entering the southern Belize lagoon.  This coupled with the southward
sloping configuration of the Belize platform, puts reefs that are
already submerged (incipiently drowned) to a depth of >8m, in a position
where they will founder and drown in the face of deleterious water
quality.  Without holistic management of the Maya Mountain watershed the
effects on reefs from the southern Belize lagoon will be devastating.
(Also remember that the fast growing A. cervicornis has been almost
completely decimated from these reefs as well due to WBD)
So where do we go from here?????
Best Management Practices must be employed both on local and regional
scales to be most effective.  We must value all reef areas equally and
not score Florida above Belize or vice versa... We must understand the
pivotal role of coral mortality, especially mortality due to disease.
We must understand the causes of coral disease... especially if there is
a link to human's which many suspect...We must understand the
recruitment and regeneration of coral species in the wake of these
disturbances... We must be able to tease out those things that can be
managed with those that can not... and finally WE MUST STOP POINTING OUR
COLLECTIVE FINGERS AT POSSIBLE CAUSES UNTIL WE ARE SCIENTIFICALLY SURE
THERE IS A LINK TO THE SYMPTOM.  Citing decreasing water quality as the
main issue is a cop out.  Plaudits to Thad Murdoch for an interesting
review of his Keys Wide data.
Bill Precht
LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.
5845 NW 158th Street
Miami Lakes, FL  33014
ph (305)826-5588
fax (305) 826-1799
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 21:11:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA01165; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:11:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA08592; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:14:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008582; Mon, 29 Jun 98 21:13:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA13263; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 00:35:04 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA13258; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:35:00 -0400
Received: from localhost (pmuller@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id UAA26374;
	Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:34:44 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:34:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk.
In-Reply-To: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB76@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980629195034.25617A-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 352
Three points:
Point 1. The 1917 flu epidemic that killed literally millions of people
worldwide, started, at least according to one theory, in a prisoner of war
camp.  That is, a new pathogen, once it gets into a population with
minimal resistance, doesn't require that it's victims be stressed, only
that they lack resistance (the current spread of HIV is another pertinent
example).
Thus, there is no reason to expect that the spread of WBD and other
new pathogens like the possible Diadema virus, once they get into a
region,  have anything to do with the vitality of the population
affected.
Point 2. Despite an unfortunate "The" in the Florida Keys section of the
Reefs at Risk document, I don't know anyone who thinks declining water
quality is the only problem. To quote from the Reefs at Risk document
"The coral reefs of the Florida Keys exemplify the complexity of threats
to reef resources".
On the other hand, humans have doubled the rate at which fixed nitrogen
is entering terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., Vitousek et al 1997, Science
and several other recent papers).  To assume that we haven't
similarly altered nitrogen flux to aquatic systems is unrealistic.  Of
course, understanding the spectrum of consequences of possibly doubling
the annual rate of nitrogen flux to coastal ecosystems is obviously not a
trivial matter, especially when we are adding so many other wonderful
things to our atmosphere and coastal waters at the same time.
Point 3. I suspect that looking for "the smoking gun" in the Florida Keys
is analogous to searching for The Holy Grail.  I doubt that you will find
it, but hopefully you will learn something along the way.
Pamela Hallock Muller
Department of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA
pmuller@marine.usf.edu
Phone: 813-553-1567
FAX: 813-553-1189
"Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what
nobody has thought."  - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi -
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 21:12:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA01166; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:11:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA08590; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:14:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008575; Mon, 29 Jun 98 21:13:27 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA13285; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 00:41:14 GMT
Received: from imo12.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA13280; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:41:11 -0400
From: MERPM@aol.com
Received: from MERPM@aol.com
	by imo12.mx.aol.com (IMOv14_b1.1) id 3XSUa11468;
	Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:40:52 +2000 (EDT)
Message-ID: <2b91293e.35983415@aol.com>
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:40:52 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: wcsfl@afn.org
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Reefs at Risk
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 4.0 for Windows 95 sub 170
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 353
While it may not be great science to say that the leaking septic systems of
the Keys and the nutrient addition to Florida Bay, etc., from agriculture in
the Everglades are two of the probable major causes of reef degradation in the
Keys it seems highly unlikely that they are not.  Human populations and
agricultural production have expanded tremendously in all of the areas
mentioned in the last posting about this topic....Belize, Colombia, the lesser
and greater Antilles, Honduras, Florida, etc.  Reefs in all of these locations
have suffered due to increases in agricultural runoff and domestic sewage, raw
sewage in most cases, inputs.  I don't believe the science is
lacking...fertilizer and sediments from any source harm reefs.  It is
happening everywhere we look because human populations have expanded,
everywhere, beyond the capacity of the land to absorb our wastes...thus the
excess flows to the sea.  The concept is very simple and, in most areas,
waiting for additional research to be completed is in itself a major threat to
reefs.  We need to move from pretending that we don't know what is killing
reefs to taking restorative measures or protective measures to prevent further
losses.
Mike Marshall
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 29 21:31:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA01255; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:31:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA08949; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 21:34:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008943; Mon, 29 Jun 98 21:34:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA13351; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 00:58:03 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA13346; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:57:59 -0400
Received: from localhost (bmiller@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id OAA28512;
	Mon, 29 Jun 1998 14:57:41 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: bmiller owned process doing -bs
Date: Mon, 29 Jun 1998 14:57:41 -1000 (HST)
From: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: bmiller@iniki
Reply-To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
To: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk.
In-Reply-To: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB76@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980629141753.16352L-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 354
In reply to Bill Precht's comments:
I have been to Belize as well as the Bahamas, and have a very hard time
believing that the reefs there are "no different" than those of the Keys.
Citing an upcoming "reef site" is not the "rigorous science" that Precht
himself cries out for.  Moreover, blaming declining water quality for
coral decline is not blind "finger pointing"- there is a mechanism -
increased algae growth in the presence of increased nutrients, and
evidence of pattern (e.g. Cuet et al. 1988).  This is not the only factor
that biologists are pointing to, either; overfishing, for instance, is
also often indicted by them as well as the environmentalists that Precht
apparently disdains (e.g., Cousteau Society).  The fact is, things are
much more likely to get done by people like them than by decades of
"teasing apart" of data that are hopelessly confounded and work
in a complex environment that isn't amenable to unequivical field
experiments. All the "musts" that he cites will unfortunately never be
understood in totality.  Don't get me wrong, obviously we must try, but
things must be done before even good understanding of some isssues is
reached.  The precautionary principal applies here.
Finally, why all the reference to big sugar?  Is it possible, Bill, that
LAW might actually work for sugar companies?  That would certainly explain
why you had Bob Graham's ear!
Robert Miller
University of Massachusetts Boston
100 Morrissey Boulevard
Boston Massachussetts 02125
(617)287-6638
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 03:34:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA02154; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 03:34:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA14969; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 03:37:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014962; Tue, 30 Jun 98 03:37:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA14496; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 06:53:03 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA14490; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 02:52:58 -0400
Received: from uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148472(10)>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:52:44 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <17262(3)>; Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:52:33 -1000
Date: 	Mon, 29 Jun 1998 20:52:30 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk
In-Reply-To: <2b91293e.35983415@aol.com>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980629204228.15610A-100000@uhunix1>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 355
I seem to recall reading a recent paper on a study of nutrient levels off
of Key Largo and lower down in the keys. Although nutrient levels inshore
were found to be slightly elevated, those on the outer reef tracts were
found to be quite low. I don't see how you can make the assertion that
nutrient run-off is causing problems on these outer reefs when the levels
are so low?
However, having said that, it brings to mind the observations that many
home aquarists have made and also illustrated by the microcosm systems at
the Smithsonian Institute using algal turf scrubbers, that despite very
low levels of nitrate and phosphate in the water column algal growth can
still be quite substantial. In light of my experiences in closed systems I
would have to propose that lack of herbivores is a greater contributing
factor to algal growth on Caribbean reefs than high nutrients. I think if
coral researchers spent some time working with closed "mini-reef"
ecosystems, they might gain a new perspective on coral reefs and how they
function in situ, as well as coral wasting diseases, which BTW are also
being encountered by home hobbyists.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
On Mon, 29 Jun 1998 MERPM@aol.com wrote:
> While it may not be great science to say that the leaking septic systems of
> the Keys and the nutrient addition to Florida Bay, etc., from agriculture in
> the Everglades are two of the probable major causes of reef degradation in the
> Keys it seems highly unlikely that they are not.  Human populations and
> agricultural production have expanded tremendously in all of the areas
> mentioned in the last posting about this topic....Belize, Colombia, the lesser
> and greater Antilles, Honduras, Florida, etc.  Reefs in all of these locations
> have suffered due to increases in agricultural runoff and domestic sewage, raw
> sewage in most cases, inputs.  I don't believe the science is
> lacking...fertilizer and sediments from any source harm reefs.  It is
> happening everywhere we look because human populations have expanded,
> everywhere, beyond the capacity of the land to absorb our wastes...thus the
> excess flows to the sea.  The concept is very simple and, in most areas,
> waiting for additional research to be completed is in itself a major threat to
> reefs.  We need to move from pretending that we don't know what is killing
> reefs to taking restorative measures or protective measures to prevent further
> losses.
>
> Mike Marshall
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 06:43:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA02700; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 06:43:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA17719; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 06:46:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017708; Tue, 30 Jun 98 06:45:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA15086; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 10:05:09 GMT
Received: from mouchel.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA15081; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 06:05:04 -0400
Received: by gateway-uk.mouchel.com id <27778>; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:03:32 +0000
Message-Id: <98Jun30.110332gmt.27778@gateway-uk.mouchel.com>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:07:47 +0000
From: Clair Donnelly <Clair_Donnelly@mouchel.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Qatar reefs
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 356
Dear all,
Can anyone point me in the direction of any specific information on
the state of corals off the north-east coast of Qatar, particularly in
the vicinity of the Ras Laffan Industrial City.
I have only been able to track down general information from the
WCMC web site etc.
Many thanks
Clair Donnelly.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 09:42:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05879; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:42:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA25005; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:45:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024953; Tue, 30 Jun 98 09:44:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA15757; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 12:59:54 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA15752; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 08:59:51 -0400
Received: from [128.197.80.172] (MBL-MAC1.BU.EDU [128.197.80.172])
	by bio.bu.edu (8.8.6/8.8.5/(BU-S-01/27/97-fc1)) with SMTP id IAA19771
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 08:59:32 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199806301259.IAA19771@bio.bu.edu>
X-Sender: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:10:55 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: lesk@bio.bu.edu (Les Kaufman)
Subject: Bill Precht's reply
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 357
Thank you, Bill, for that discussion of Belize.  One minor point, to file
under "blind men and the elephant."  My comments re: Belize were from
personal observations at Tobacco Reef and South Water Caye, as well as on
mid-shelf reefs around Wee Wee and the Pelicans.   Tobacco and South Water
(the spots I visited in 1997) sported luxuriant spurs of Agaricia
tenuifolia, with isolated patches of A. palmata in shallow and scattered A.
cervicornis sign and a few still-living, though embattled colonies.  It's
likely that heterogeneity in exposure and local conditions contaminate
cross-shelf comparisons here, just as they do on the Great Barrier Reef.  I
just connected the few places I'd been to with the Aronson and Precht
story, and they happened to rhyme.  Bears a frightening resemblance to
religion.
On a graver note, after all this discussion of the importance of
interacting factors, in explaining our collective wisdom to the public
shouldn't we continually emphasize that whatever the unique combination of
factors responsible for the death of a specific reef, the prevailing
factors include several that we CAN do a great deal about?  Even if
overfishing and eutrophication are not the universal causes of reef death
this year, there is no excuse for them in the first place, and ameliorating
them will hasten reef recovery in any event.
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
Department of Biology
Boston University
5 Cummington Street
Boston, MA 02215
e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
phone: 617-353-5560
fax:   617-353-6340
"I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
democracy... but that could change."
-Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 09:43:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05910; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:43:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA25052; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:46:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025028; Tue, 30 Jun 98 09:45:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA15812; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 13:09:05 GMT
Received: from noaamh1.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA15807; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:09:01 -0400
Received: from mailhubmh1-gw.noaa.gov by noaamh1.noaa.gov (X.400 to RFC822 Gateway); Tue, 30  Jun  1998 09:08:37 -0400
X400-Received: by mta MTANOAAMH1 in /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed;
  30 Jun 1998 09:08:33 -0400
X400-Received: by /c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; Relayed;
  30 Jun 1998 09:08:33 -0400
X400-MTS-Identifier: [/c=us/admd=attmail/prmd=GOV+NOAA/; 003063598E35100C-MTANOAAMH1]
Content-Identifier: 003063598E35100C
Content-Return: Allowed
X400-Content-Type: P2-1988 ( 22 )
Conversion: Allowed
Original-Encoded-Information-Types: IA5-Text
Priority: normal
Disclose-Recipients: Prohibited
Alternate-Recipient: Allowed
X400-Originator: Ron.Hill@noaa.gov
X400-Recipients: non-disclosure;
  <003063598E35100C*/c=US/admd=ATTMAIL/prmd=GOV+NOAA/o=CCNMFS/s=Hill/g=Ron/@MHS>
Date: 30 Jun 1998 09:08:33 -0400
From: Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
To: BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re:Reefs at Risk.
Message-Id: <003063598E35100C*/c=US/admd=ATTMAIL/prmd=GOV+NOAA/o=CCNMFS/s=Hill/g=Ron/@MHS>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 358
____________________Reply Separator____________________
Subject:    Reefs at Risk.
Author: BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com
Date:       6/29/98 7:07 PM
[original message]
Although this in itself is very disturbing, trying to blame Florida's coral reef
woes on the sugar industry or primitive septic systems in the Keys is out of
place and off target.
Now turning to the reefs of southern Belize...where they will founder and drown
in the face of deleterious water quality.  Without holistic management of the
Maya Mountain watershed the effects on reefs from the southern Belize lagoon
will be devastating.
...We must be able to tease out those things that can be managed with those that
can not... and finally WE MUST STOP POINTING OUR COLLECTIVE FINGERS AT POSSIBLE
CAUSES UNTIL WE ARE SCIENTIFICALLY SURE THERE IS A LINK TO THE SYMPTOM.  Citing
decreasing water quality as the main issue is a cop out.  Plaudits to Thad
Murdoch for an interesting review of his Keys Wide data.
Bill Precht
***Question:  Why is it acceptable to point fingers at one cause of water
degradation far from our Florida Keys, i.e., deforestation in the Mayan
hinterland, but not acceptable to point fingers at a source of decreased water
quality affecting reefs much closer to home, i.e., the sugar industry that
operates on deforested lands upstream from the Keys?
While decreasing water quality may not be the only cause for reef degradation it
is certainly one of the major contributing factors that is manifested in a
variety of ways (over-nutrification, sedimentation, transport of
pollutants/pathogens, etc.) and comes from a wide variety of sources.  All
potential sources of degradation should be examined and addressed.  Water
quality problems are a source of degradation that can be improved if we are
willing to do the right things.
ron
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 09:47:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA06018; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:47:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA25285; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 09:50:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma025278; Tue, 30 Jun 98 09:50:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA15733; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 12:51:38 GMT
Received: from bb.iu.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA15728; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 08:51:34 -0400
Received: from [204.117.184.236] (netport3-236.iu.net [204.117.184.236]) by bb.iu.net (8.8.5/8.6.11) with ESMTP id IAA29143 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 08:47:10 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <l03110700b1be8900f2bd@[204.117.184.141]>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980629204228.15610A-100000@uhunix1>
References: <2b91293e.35983415@aol.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 08:51:23 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Kerry B Clark <kclark@iu.net>
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk--nutrients
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 359
J. Charles Delbeek wrote:
>I seem to recall reading a recent paper on a study of nutrient levels off
>of Key Largo and lower down in the keys. Although nutrient levels inshore
>were found to be slightly elevated, those on the outer reef tracts were
>found to be quite low. I don't see how you can make the assertion that
>nutrient run-off is causing problems on these outer reefs when the levels
>are so low?
   Use of standing stock (instantaneous measurements) to estimate nutrient
dynamics is a classic problem in ecosystem analysis, because rapid uptake
can lower the standing stock even if input is high. Enzymes involved in
nutrient uptake of tropical algae have a high nutrient binding affinity, so
one should expect _a priori_ that uptake should be very rapid. Turnover
rates of nutrients can also increase without significantly affecting
standing stock.  Thus, one cannot conclude from low "levels" of nutrients
that nutrient runoff is not a factor in algal overgrowth. In combination
with decreased herbivore populations, as noted, even very slight elevations
could lead to overgrowth. If inshore levels are "slightly elevated" then
one must ask what happens to these nutrients. Rapid uptake as these waters
flow over the reefs is a reasonable explanation.
      We also tend to assume that macronutrients are always the limiting
factor, when micronutrients/trace elements can also contribute to algal
blooms.  These are less frequently considered in causes of algal growth.
Trace elements are also components of agricultural runoff and of human
sewage.
-Kerry Clark
- -
Kerry Bruce Clark, Ph.D.,  F.A.A.A.S.
Professor of Biological Sciences, Assoc. Dept. Head (Graduate Coordinator)
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988
Phone 1-407-674-8195
-- Proud Member of the Impoverished Gentry --
Visit the Cambrian in 3D at "http://users.aol.com/kbclark/cambrian"
Metazoa website at "http://www.metazoa.com"
"Bytes of Nature,"  publisher of quality natural history software
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 11:58:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA07778; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:58:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA07355; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 12:01:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma007327; Tue, 30 Jun 98 12:00:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA16410; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 15:14:28 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA16404; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:14:24 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <KFL9TG6F>; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:14:10 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB77@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: lesk@bio.bu.edu
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: Bill Precht's reply
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:12:23 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 360
Les:
Thank you... and I could not agree more
Bill
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	lesk@bio.bu.edu [SMTP:lesk@bio.bu.edu]
> Sent:	Tuesday, June 30, 1998 9:11 AM
> To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject:	Bill Precht's reply
>
> Thank you, Bill, for that discussion of Belize.  One minor point, to
> file
> under "blind men and the elephant."  My comments re: Belize were from
> personal observations at Tobacco Reef and South Water Caye, as well as
> on
> mid-shelf reefs around Wee Wee and the Pelicans.   Tobacco and South
> Water
> (the spots I visited in 1997) sported luxuriant spurs of Agaricia
> tenuifolia, with isolated patches of A. palmata in shallow and
> scattered A.
> cervicornis sign and a few still-living, though embattled colonies.
> It's
> likely that heterogeneity in exposure and local conditions contaminate
> cross-shelf comparisons here, just as they do on the Great Barrier
> Reef.  I
> just connected the few places I'd been to with the Aronson and Precht
> story, and they happened to rhyme.  Bears a frightening resemblance to
> religion.
>
> On a graver note, after all this discussion of the importance of
> interacting factors, in explaining our collective wisdom to the public
> shouldn't we continually emphasize that whatever the unique
> combination of
> factors responsible for the death of a specific reef, the prevailing
> factors include several that we CAN do a great deal about?  Even if
> overfishing and eutrophication are not the universal causes of reef
> death
> this year, there is no excuse for them in the first place, and
> ameliorating
> them will hasten reef recovery in any event.
>
> Les Kaufman
> Boston University Marine Program
> Department of Biology
> Boston University
> 5 Cummington Street
> Boston, MA 02215
>
> e-mail: lesk@bio.bu.edu
> phone: 617-353-5560
> fax:   617-353-6340
>
>
> "I believe we are on an irreversible trend toward more freedom and
> democracy... but that could change."
>
> -Vice President Dan Quayle, 5/22/89
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 30 12:30:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA08225; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 12:30:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA08940; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 12:33:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008895; Tue, 30 Jun 98 12:32:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA16539; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 15:44:09 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA16534; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:44:05 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <KFL9TG7T>; Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:43:51 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB78@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>,
        "Precht,Bill"
	 <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 11:42:04 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="ISO-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 361
Robert & Group:
First off let me say that I never expected such a varied and in one case
"hostile" response to my comments...be that as it may...I will not
address all the comments, it was meant to be thought provoking, and
obviously it was.  However, let me clarify a few things just so everyone
knows from where I am coming.
Bob Miller, you can take a swing at my scientific interpretations but be
very careful when you start talking about my ethics.
(1) Yes, I do work for LAW (an ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTING FIRM).
(2) No - we do not work for big sugar or large private developers here
in south Florida.  In fact we just turned down a large project for "big
sugar" for an endangered and threatened species recovery plan due to the
potential conflict of interest we would have with our other clients.
Most of these clients are Governmental - including the US National Park
Service, ARMY Corps of Engineers and others.  In my job as the Natural
Resources Manager for the region, I am mostly responsible for wetland
and coastal restoration programs.  This includes LAW's participation in
the Everglades Restoration Initiative, beach nourishment programs, Coral
Reef Restoration programs related to ship groundings and other
anthropogenic sources, etc.... To date, all the reef cases we have
worked on have been for the trustee's and not the responsible parties.
(3) My reason for talking with Sen. Graham (Florida's Environmental
Senator) is personal and not business.  He is my neighbor here in Miami
Lakes, he is a member of my church, and he is a SCUBA diver who loves
the reefs of Florida.  No more - no less.
(4) I do not disdain Environmental NGO's.  especially the Cousteau
Society.  From the time I can remember.. the thought of being a visiting
scientist on the Calypso........ well I won't wax sentimental,  you get
the point.   However, we do need to build a sense of stewardship with
the non-scientific community, and NGO's are a vital way of doing this.
My point yesterday, was with "chicken little"  - yes- Florida's reefs
are in crisis, but why?  If it is a Caribbean wide water quality issue
(as I suspect it very well may be) than we need to come to terms with
how to manage these intra-ocean / multi-national problems... and we need
to have the political will to do it.
As far as big sugar goes for Florida - they are an easy target for the
environmental troops to rally around.  They are their own worst enemy
here in Florida by often having a inflexible attitude to the point of
arrogance.  However, water quality studies from north-to-south, through
the gut of the Everglades and into Florida Bay does not show that they
are responsible for the water quality woes on the south end (the
estuarine and marine end) of the system.  It is well documented what the
problems are in the Everglades Agricultural Area.  We need to be careful
when we make leaps of faith.
As I stated yesterday... Sugar - septic - population growth - all need
to be addressed in the overall plan for a sustainable south Florida.
(5) As far as citing a "reef site" as rigorous science...it was just an
example showing that the Belizean Barrier Reef has undergone a similar
change from coral-to-macroalgae as some other areas.  I  did not want to
get into too much detail on that topic as it is probably best left for a
refereed journal, but since you asked.....I will follow with a separate
detailed message, with data, later today.
Bill Precht
"The nation behaves well if it treats the natural resources as assets
which it must turn over to the next generation increased and not
impaired in value."
					Theodore Roosevelt
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Robert Miller [SMTP:bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu]
> Sent:	Monday, June 29, 1998 8:58 PM
> To:	Precht,Bill
> Cc:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject:	Re: Reefs at Risk.
>
>
> In reply to Bill Precht's comments:
>
> I have been to Belize as well as the Bahamas, and have a very hard
> time
> believing that the reefs there are "no different" than those of the
> Keys.
> Citing an upcoming "reef site" is not the "rigorous science" that
> Precht
> himself cries out for.  Moreover, blaming declining water quality for
> coral decline is not blind "finger pointing"- there is a mechanism -
> increased algae growth in the presence of increased nutrients, and
> evidence of pattern (e.g. Cuet et al. 1988).  This is not the only
> factor
> that biologists are pointing to, either; overfishing, for instance, is
> also often indicted by them as well as the environmentalists that
> Precht
> apparently disdains (e.g., Cousteau Society).  The fact is, things are
> much more likely to get done by people like them than by decades of
> "teasing apart" of data that are hopelessly confounded and work
> in a complex environment that isn't amenable to unequivical field
> experiments. All the "musts" that he cites will unfortunately never be
> understood in totality.  Don't get me wrong, obviously we must try,
> but
> things must be done before even good understanding of some isssues is
> reached.  The precautionary principal applies here.
> Finally, why all the reference to big sugar?  Is it possible, Bill,
> that
> LAW might actually work for sugar companies?  That would certainly
> explain
> why you had Bob Graham's ear!
>
>
> Robert Miller
> University of Massachusetts Boston
> 100 Morrissey Boulevard
> Boston Massachussetts 02125
> (617)287-6638
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 07:37:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA16924; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:37:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA09737; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:40:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009727; Wed, 1 Jul 98 07:40:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA20960; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 10:52:36 GMT
Received: from CGNET.COM by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA20955; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 06:52:31 -0400
Received: from msm.cgnet.com by CGNET.COM (PMDF V4.3-9 #18290)
 id <01IYVF1397E8001P8X@CGNET.COM>; Wed, 01 Jul 1998 03:52:49 -0700 (PDT)
Received: by msm.cgnet.com with Microsoft Mail id <359A15CD@msm.cgnet.com>;
 Wed, 01 Jul 98 03:56:13 PDT
Date: Wed, 01 Jul 1998 16:54:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Meryl J. Williams" <M.J.WILLIAMS@cgnet.com>,
        Peter Gardiner <P.GARDINER@cgnet.com>,
        Sheila Vergara <S.VERGARA@cgnet.com>
Message-id: <359A15CD@msm.cgnet.com>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 362
1 July 1998
Dear Coral-listers:
I just returned for a few days amid a series of trips.  I'm pleased to see
there has been some healthy debate over the "Reefs at Risk" report.  It was
obviously our first shot at the global situation analysis.  We are already
hard at work arranging for follow-up versions over the next few years.  We
hope that we can count on all of you to help produce an increasingly
accurate picture of the state of the reefs and the changes that are
occurring.
Three important aspects of the analysis were the model, the consultations
and the data.  We will strive to improve the first by figuring out various
options for weighting and incorporating the most meaningful variables.  We
are hoping to dig up support for future consultations to involve more
regional experts, perhaps via regional meetings.  Finally, we really need
more data with which to adjust the model.
We encourage inputs in all three aspects.  The model is reasonably
well-explained in the report.  Please feel free to send in suggestions to
any of the authors for improving the model.  If we find support for regional
meetings, we will call on a larger consultative body to help out.  However,
in the area of data availability we need help from a wide range of
coral-listers and your contacts.  The world still holds tens of thousands of
reef reports (environmental impact studies, technical reports, etc.) which
we do not have in ReefBase.  We are moving increasingly into consolidating
and disseminating large sets of raw survey data.  More surveys need doing.
 We also need more reports of stresses affecting reefs, such as appear in
Coral-list.  Careful follow-up and formal publication will raise the
confidence levels and utility of the reports.  We need both "forward
observers" (sport divers) and "heavy artillery" (scientists, managers, etc.)
in this effort.
For more information on how to help with ReefBase and related activities,
please write to <reefbase@cgnet.com>.
Sincerely,
Dr John W McManus
ReefBase Project Leader
Aquatic Environments Program
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM)
MCPO Box 2631, Makati City, Philippines 0718
<j.mcmanus@cgnet.com>
http://www.reefbase.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 07:43:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA16989; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:43:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA09859; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:46:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009855; Wed, 1 Jul 98 07:45:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA21080; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 11:06:00 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA21075; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:05:57 -0400
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:05:56 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jim Hendee <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: threats to tropical coastal environment
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980701070414.20867D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA16989
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 363
From: "Santiago ALVAREZ RODRIGUEZ" <s99002@wmu3.wmu.se>
Organization: World Maritime University
To: coral-list
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 1998 23:50:55 +0100
Subject:
I am sorry to disturb you. We are a small group of students of the
World Maritime University in Sweden, an institution established under
the auspices of the International Maritime Organization, a
specialized agengy of the United Nations. We are looking for
information about these problems:
1- The threats that are posed to tropical coastal environments (warm
waters, coral, mangroves, fisheries) by harbour development
(including oil import/export) and tourist infrastructure development.
2- How do these threats differ from those relating to colder
(temperate) coastal environments?
3- How can the International Conventions be applied to minimise the
threats.
If it is possible, I would like to request any information that you
have about the subject described above.
Thank you in advance.
Yours  sincerely
---------------------
Santiago Alvarez Rodrguez
Henrik Smith Hostel (room 620)
Disponentgatan 6
211 57 Malm
Sweden
E-mail s99002@wmu3.wmu.se
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 07:48:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA17048; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:48:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10090; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:51:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010070; Wed, 1 Jul 98 07:50:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA21194; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 11:22:22 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA21187; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:22:10 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id SAA19058;
	Wed, 1 Jul 1998 18:19:26 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:24:06 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 1 Jul 98 18:23:34 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:23:31 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Ken Collins" <Kenneth.J.Collins@soc.soton.ac.uk>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Thank's for The Artificial Reef
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 17:47:16 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda4dd$9cd25680$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 364
Dear Dr, Collins
I have received your Artificial Reef Litteratur at July 1, 1998. I am very
happy and greatfull of your kindness and attentions.
In fact there are some positives (support) and negatives (avoid) our plan to
sink 1,200 tyres (39 pyramides/tetrahedron) in to the sea. But from your
article and e-mail we had big motivation and confident to continue this
project. We hope You will give us suggestions and guidance.
For the second, from your paper refferences I need some informations about
spiny lobster (Panulirus sp), please let me know where I can get it.
Please help if we were wrong to decide this.
Keep in touch
Best regards,
Fadil Nandila
Coremap Bappeda Tk I Riau
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 07:49:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA17083; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:49:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA10130; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:52:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010120; Wed, 1 Jul 98 07:51:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA21180; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 11:22:00 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA21172; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:21:47 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id TAA17600
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 19:13:03 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:24:03 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 1 Jul 98 18:23:34 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:23:28 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bactery in Coral Reef
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 17:46:41 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda4dd$884394e0$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 365
Dear Coral Listers,
I'm a graduate of Fishery Faculty of Riau University, Riau, Indonesia. Right
now I've been preparing some research proposal about "Present Bacteria at
Coral Reef".
I wish someone can help me to provide some information litteratures and
related study.
Thank you very much for your respons and help.
Cheers,
M. Taufik Hidayat, BSc
KSL Laksana Samudera
(Marine Environmental Study Club)
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
Mailing Address : Jln. Kuantan VII No. 46 E Pekanbaru (28000)
                               Riau, INDONESIA.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 07:58:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA17143; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:58:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA10621; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 08:01:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010591; Wed, 1 Jul 98 08:00:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA21260; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 11:30:34 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA21255; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:30:25 -0400
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:30:24 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Executive Order from President Clinton
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980701072433.21200A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 366
FYI...
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
THE WHITE HOUSE
Office of the Press Secretary
For Immediate Release			June 11, 1998
EXECUTIVE ORDER
CORAL REEF PROTECTION
	By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and
the laws of the United States of America and in furtherance of the
purposes of the Clean Water Act of 1977, as amended (33 U.S.C. 1251, et
seq.), Coastal Zone Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1451, et seq.),
Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801,
et seq.), National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, as amended (42 U.S.C.
4321, et seq.), National Marine Sanctuaries Act, (16 U.S.C. 1431, et
seq.), National Park Service Organic Act (16 U.S.C. 1, et seq.), National
Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act (16 U.S.C. 668dd-ee), and other
pertinent statutes, to preserve and protect the biodiversity, health,
heritage, and social and economic value of U.S. coral reef ecosystems and
the marine environment, it is hereby ordered as follows:
	Section 1.  Definitions.  (a) "U.S. coral reef ecosystems" means
those species, habitats, and other natural resources associated with coral
reefs in all maritime areas and zones subject to the jurisdiction or
control of the United States (e.g., Federal, State, territorial, or
commonwealth waters), including reef systems in the south Atlantic,
Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, and Pacific Ocean.  (b) "U.S. Coral Reef
Initiative" is an existing partnership between Federal agencies and State,
territorial, commonwealth, and local governments, nongovernmental
organizations, and commercial interests to design and implement additional
management, education, monitoring, research, and restoration efforts to
conserve coral reef ecosystems for the use and enjoyment of future
generations.  The existing U.S. Islands Coral Reef Initiative strategy
covers approximately 95 percent of U.S. coral reef ecosystems and is a key
element of the overall U.S. Coral Reef Initiative.  (c) "International
Coral Reef Initiative" is an existing partnership, founded by the United
States in 1994, of governments, intergovernmental organizations,
multilateral development banks, nongovernmental organizations, scientists,
and the private sector whose purpose is to mobilize governments and other
interested parties whose coordinated, vigorous, and effective actions are
required to address the threats to the world's coral reefs.
	Sec. 2.  Policy.  (a) All Federal agencies whose actions may
affect U.S. coral reef ecosystems shall:  (a) identify their actions that
may affect U.S. coral reef ecosystems; (b) utilize their programs and
authorities to protect and enhance the conditions of such ecosystems;  and
(c) to the extent permitted by law, ensure that any actions they
authorize, fund, or carry out will not degrade the conditions of such
ecosystems.
	(b) Exceptions to this section may be allowed under terms
prescribed by the heads of Federal agencies:
		(1) during time of war or national emergency;
		(2) when necessary for reasons of national security, as
determined by the President;
		(3) during emergencies posing an unacceptable threat to human
health or safety or to the marine environment and admitting of no other
feasible solution; or
		(4) in any case that constitutes a danger to human life
or a real threat to vessels, aircraft, platforms, or other man-made
structures at sea, such as cases of force majeure caused by stress of
weather or other
act of God.
	Sec. 3.  Federal Agency Responsibilities.  In furtherance of
section 2 of this order, Federal agencies whose actions affect U.S. coral
reef ecosystems, shall, subject to the availability of appropriations,
provide for implementation of measures needed to research, monitor,
manage, and restore affected ecosystems, including, but not limited to,
measures reducing impacts from pollution, sedimentation, and fishing. To
the extent not inconsistent with statutory responsibilities and
procedures, these measures shall be developed in cooperation with the U.S.
Coral Reef Task Force and fishery management councils and in consultation
with affected States, territorial, commonwealth, tribal, and local
government agencies, nongovernmental organizations, the scientific
community, and commercial interests.
	Sec. 4.  U.S. Coral Reef Task Force.  The Secretary of the
Interior and the Secretary of Commerce, through the Administrator of the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, shall co-chair a U.S.
Coral Reef Task Force ("Task Force"), whose members shall include, but not
be limited to, the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency,
the Attorney General, the Secretary of the Interior, the Secretary of
Agriculture, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Defense, the
Secretary of State, the Secretary of Transportation, the Director of the
National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the Agency for
International Development, and the Administrator of the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.  The Task Force shall oversee
implementation of the policy and Federal agency responsibilities set forth
in this order, and shall guide and support activities under the U.S. Coral
Reef Initiative ("CRI").  All Federal agencies whose actions may affect
U.S. coral reef ecosystems shall review their participation in the CRI and
the strategies developed under it, including strategies and plans of
State, territorial, commonwealth, and local governments, and, to the
extent feasible, shall enhance Federal participation and support of such
strategies and plans.  The Task Force shall work in cooperation with
State, territorial, commonwealth, and local government agencies,
nongovernmental organizations, the scientific community, and commercial
interests.
	Sec. 5.  Duties of the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force.  (a) Coral Reef
Mapping and Monitoring.  The Task Force, in cooperation with State,
territory, commonwealth, and local government partners, shall coordinate a
comprehensive program to map and monitor U.S. coral reefs.
 Such programs shall include, but not be limited to, territories and
commonwealths, special marine protected areas such as National Marine
Sanctuaries, National Estuarine Research Reserves, National Parks,
National Wildlife Refuges, and other entities having significant coral
reef resources.  To the extent feasible, remote sensing capabilities
shall be developed and applied to this program and local communities
should be engaged in the design and conduct of programs.
(b) Research.  The Task Force shall develop and implement, with the
scientific community, research aimed at identifying the major causes and
consequences of degradation of coral reef ecosystems.  This research shall
include fundamental scientific research to provide a sound framework for
the restoration and conservation of coral reef ecosystems worldwide.  To
the extent feasible, existing and planned environmental monitoring and
mapping programs should be linked with scientific research activities.
This Executive order shall not interfere with the normal conduct of
scientific studies on coral reef ecosystems.
(c) Conservation, Mitigation, and Restoration.  The Task Force, in
cooperation with State, territorial, commonwealth, and local government
agencies, nongovernmental organizations, the scientific community and
commercial interests, shall develop, recommend, and seek or secure
implementation of measures necessary to reduce and mitigate coral reef
ecosystem degradation and to restore damaged coral reefs.  These measures
shall include solutions to problems such as land-based sources of water
pollution, sedimentation, detrimental alteration of salinity or
temperature, over-fishing, over-use, collection of coral reef species, and
direct destruction caused by activities such as recreational and
commercial vessel traffic and treasure salvage.  In developing these
measures, the Task Force shall review existing legislation to determine
whether additional legislation is necessary to complement the policy
objectives of this order and shall recommend such legislation if
appropriate.  The Task Force shall further evaluate existing navigational
aids, including charts, maps, day markers, and beacons to determine if the
designation of the location of specific coral reefs should be enhanced
through the use, revision, or improvement of such aids.
(d) International Cooperation.  The Secretary of State and the
Administrator of the Agency for International Development, in cooperation
with other members of the Coral Reef Task Force and drawing upon their
expertise, shall assess the U.S. role in international trade and
protection of coral reef species and implement appropriate strategies and
actions to promote conservation and sustainable use of coral reef
resources worldwide.  Such actions shall include expanded collaboration
with other International Coral Reef Initiative ("ICRI")  partners,
especially governments, to implement the ICRI through its Framework for
Action and the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network at regional, national,
and local levels.
	Sec. 6.  This order does not create any right or benefit,
substantive or procedural, enforceable in law or equity by a party against
the United States, its agencies, its officers, or any person.
                                   WILLIAM J. CLINTON
                                   THE WHITE HOUSE,
                                   June 11, 1998.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 08:03:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA17210; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 08:03:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA10986; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 08:06:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010924; Wed, 1 Jul 98 08:05:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA21186; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 11:22:04 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA21179; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 07:21:56 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id TAA17603
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 19:13:10 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:24:06 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 1 Jul 98 18:23:34 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    1 Jul 98 18:23:32 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: spiny lobster reference
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 18:17:19 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda4e1$d26e9020$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 367
Dear Coral lister
I have been interested about spiny lobster (Panulirus spp), but in my
college (Fisheries of Riau University, Riau-Indonesia) I never get the
references about it.
I'm 26th old, I'm a U/W photographer specialist and an environmental
journalist. At now I'm active on Coral reef Rehabilitation and management
program of Riau Province, Indonesia.
I will study about spiny lobster in Indonesia. I hope some body help me with
kindness.
please send me a refference and the name/E-mail of spiny lobster expert.
thanks.....
coremap-bappeda tk-I Riau, Indonesia
Fadil Nandila
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
mailing addres:
COREMAP-BAPPEDA TK-I RIAU
JL. CUT NYAK DHIEN, PEKANBARU (28000)
 RIAU-INDONESIA
FAKS. 62-761-36035
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 08:57:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA17791; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 08:57:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA14191; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 09:00:42 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014097; Wed, 1 Jul 98 08:59:48 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA21470; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 12:20:54 GMT
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 12:20:54 GMT
Message-Id: <199807011220.MAA21470@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral-list-digest reminder
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 368
As a reminder, those of you who prefer not to receive coral-list postings
as they occur, rather receive one message approximately once a week (but
this depends upon message traffic), you may subscribe to coral-list-digest
instead of coral-list.  If you wish to do this, send the following text in
the body of a message to majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov :
subscribe coral-list-digest
unsubscribe coral-list
~~~~~~
Here is what the latest header looks like for the most recent
coral-list-digest (minus the text that would follow):
Subject: coral-list-digest V1 #23
coral-list-digest          Wednesday, 1 July 1998       Volume 01 : Number 023
In this issue:
		Coral demise
		Reefs at Risk.
		Re: Reefs at Risk.
		Reefs at Risk
		Re: Reefs at Risk.
		Re: Reefs at Risk
		Qatar reefs
		Re: Reefs at Risk--nutrients
		Bill Precht's reply
		Re:Reefs at Risk.
		Re: Reefs at Risk
		hi
		RE: Bill Precht's reply
		RE: Reefs at Risk.
		unsuscribe
		RE: Reefs at Risk
		threats to tropical coastal environment
		spiny lobster reference
		Thank's for The Artificial Reef
----------------------------------------------------------------------
If you have any problems, please let me know.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
	Jim.Hendee@NOAA.Gov
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 13:51:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA22409; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 13:51:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA01720; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 13:53:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma001624; Wed, 1 Jul 98 13:53:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA22787; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 16:57:37 GMT
Received: from Njord.bart.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA22782; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 12:57:32 -0400
Received: from bart.nl (s031.rotterdam.bart.nl [194.158.175.31]) by Njord.bart.nl (8.8.4/8.6.8) with ESMTP id TAA08790; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 19:11:31 +0200 (CEST)
Message-ID: <359A6A69.35AF37C@bart.nl>
Date: Wed, 01 Jul 1998 18:57:13 +0200
From: Ed Colijn <edcolijn@bart.nl>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [nl] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral bleaching Thailand
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by Njord.bart.nl id TAA08790
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA22409
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 369
Bangkok Post                    [Two Articles]
June 29, 1998
 Worst ever coral bleaching in Thai seas
 Sea temperature rise puts coral at risk
 Kanittha Inchukul
The warming of sea water has caused widespread coral bleaching in  the
Gulf of Thailand from Trat province in the eastern coast down to
Singapore, according to Chulalongkorn University's marine science expert
Suraphol Sudara.
He described the phenomenon as the worst ever to occur but stopped short
of putting the blame on El Nino.
Dr Suraphol said coral bleaching was detected in April in almost every
part of the gulf especially tourist attractions such as Chang, Tao and
Pha-ngan islands. Fortunately however, he said this had not yet occurred
in the Andaman Sea.
Coincidentally, he noted that the same phenomenon was also detected in
the Great Barrier Reefs in Australia and in Singaporean waters.
He disclosed that the temperature of water in the gulf had increased
significantly from an average of 28-29 degrees Celsius to 32 degrees. He
said it could be possible that the warming of the sea water was caused
by the El Nino weather phenomenon.
The bleaching is caused by the escape of a kind of algae called
zooxanthellae from the coral structure as a result of sea water warming.
Eventually, this can lead to the death of the coral. Also affected by
sea water warming is giant clam or hoi mue sua.
Dr Suraphol said it was as yet too soon to predict whether the affected
corals would survive or not. Normally, he said it would take at least
2-3 years for the bleached corals to start to recover slowly unless the
problem is further compounded by sea pollution.
The immediate impact of coral bleaching is a drop in the number of
tourists who are interested in diving or snorkelling with the long-term
impacts yet to be determined, said the scientist, adding that the death
of corals would result in more serious shore erosion as corals serve as
a natural barrier to waves.
Dr Suraphol's concern about coral bleaching confirms the alarm raised by
some diving instructors who earlier observed the phenomenon in the sea
off Pattaya, near Samaesan and Koh Samet island.
Dave Chandler, in his letter to the Bangkok Post, said he suspected sea
water warming as the culprit but did not rule out pollution from
industrial sites and discharges from tankers and vessels.
The Pattaya-based diving instructor said both soft and hard corals had
died, leaving only bleached white limestone. Nevertheless, he said other
corals look healthy and unaffected.
Mr Chandler said his diving computer measured sea temperature at 33
degrees Celsius in shallow water and 32 degrees at depths below 6-8
metres. Normally, the temperature would be no more than 30 degrees, he
noted.
He expressed concern that if the corals were wiped out, it would deal a
tremendous blow to the ecology of the gulf and would seriously threaten
Thailand's badly-needed income from tourists who come here to dive.
===================================================
 More than a little off  colour
 MARINE LIFE:  Scientists have  discovered many of  Thailand's coral
reefs are not  looking very  healthy. In some  places 100 percent of the
most common  Acropora coral has been bleached white Dr Suraphol Sudara
and Dr Thammasak Yeemin  of the Coral and Seagrass Research Unit,
Chulalongkorn University
A healthy coral reef is a dynamic world of vivid colour thanks to the
single-cell algae called zooxanthellae. This algae, which lives in the
cells of the coral, shares a symbiotic - or mutually advantageous -
relationship with the coral.
The zooxanthellae provides the coral not just with colour, but also
extra food through the process of photosynthesis. In return, the coral
gives the algae a home and protection inside its skeletal structure.
Things normally go well between the two partners until something
disrupts their symbiotic relationship, resulting in the coral host
kicking out its algal roommate.
The sad fact is in most cases, coral cannot survive on its own - without
zooxanthellae it bleaches white and gradually dies. The even sadder fact
is, this is happening now in the Gulf of Thailand.
Since the 1980s marine biologists around the world have been concerned
about coral bleaching, and although they could see it happening in many
places, scientists were having a hard time confirming what was actually
causing this disastrous phenomenon.
Even today, there is no conclusive evidence about why bleaching actually
happens.
Coral bleaching has occurred in the Caribbean, the Pacific and Indian
Oceans, and in the Arabian Gulf and Red Sea.
Bleaching was first noticed in Thai waters in 1979 on a few patches of
coral off Phuket. By 1991 the problem was widely recognised on the
Andaman side of the kingdom. It was not really observed in the Gulf of
Thailand until recently.
Then in late April, the bleaching of coral in the Gulf was widely
noticed at islands off the coast of Chumpon and Surat Thani.
Then it was discovered areas on the east coast such as Rayong, Trat and
the inner part of the Gulf around Ko Sichang and Pattaya were also
affected.
But the phenomenon was quite strange. While some species in the coral
colonies were affected by bleaching, others were maintaining their
normal colour.
A preliminary survey at Ko Rum Ra offshore from Bangsapan, Prachuab Kiri
khan province, where bleaching was noticed at the end of April is
continuing to this day.
The situation there seems serious as the reef appears in parts to be
completely white. About 10 species of the Acropora group - which
includes staghorn coral and table coral - had suffered almost 100
percent bleaching; Pocillopora damicornis is about 80 percent bleached
and the other 20 percent is pale in colour; about 60-70
 percent of massive coral in the Porites group were found to be
bleached, especially the coral lying in shallow flat parts of the reef.
Coral in the shallower water appears to have been more effected by the
bleaching than that in deeper water, and the sea water temperature in
shallower areas was found to be rather high, around 32-33 degrees
Celsius.
The reefs around Koh Tao, a popular island for divers and snorkelers has
also fallen victim to bleaching which was observed there in early May,
when the recorded sea water temperature also proved to be high - about
31-32 degrees Celsius.
The most significant impact appears to be on the Acropora group of hard
corals - the most commonly found coral in this region - which was
completely bleached white. More than 80 percent of another hard coral
Pocillopa damicornis was found to be bleached.
Fungia were also all found to be bleached and even some species of
colourful soft coral had turned white. It appears the bleached soft
coral might not be able recover.
Similar bleaching incidents were recognised at coral communities on the
inner part of the Gulf starting from Ko Sichang through to Pattaya to
Sathaheep. A survey also showed bleaching extended further along the
east coast of the Gulf of Thailand to Trat.
The extent of the bleaching and the long-term damage it causes to the
reef remains to be seen. The death of particular species - particularly
the Acropora group - appears to be extensive.
While it might be possible for the coral to recover from the effects of
bleaching, the problems it faces do not end there.
If the coral is overrun by filamentous algae, or if other alien
invertibrates make their homes on its skeleton, rejuvenation of the
coral might be hampered or indeed made impossible.
Some groups of coral might recover, such as Galaxea, Platygyra and
Lobophyllia, but the question of how long the recovery process could
take remains a mystery. As is understanding how great the impact will be
on the reproductive cycle or fecundity of the effected reef organisms.
Neither is it known what the long term impact of bleaching will be on
other reef organisms such as sea urchins and reef fish. Or whether the
bleaching will increase the rates of bio-erosion on the reef. All these
issues still need to be studied.
The cause of the unusually high sea water temperatures all over the Gulf
of Thailand remains to be proved by physical oceanographers, however it
has been suggested it is linked to the El Nino weather phenomenon. Even
though El Nino is more or less over, this bleaching might be part of its
legacy.
  Copyright The Post Publishing Public Co., Ltd. 1998
--
Ed Colijn
edcolijn@bart.nl
The Indonesian Nature Conservation Database
http://www.bart.nl/~edcolijn/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  1 21:50:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA28325; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 21:50:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA17007; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 21:53:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016990; Wed, 1 Jul 98 21:52:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA24629; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 01:15:24 GMT
Received: from sj.znet.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA24624; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 21:15:20 -0400
Received: from [207.167.86.57] (scts1-57.znet.net [207.167.86.57])
	by sj.znet.com (8.9.0/8.9.0/jjb-sj) with SMTP id SAA09669
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 1 Jul 1998 18:14:57 -0700 (PDT)
X-Sender: nolan@sj.znet.com
Message-Id: <v01520d00b1c08d054c35@[207.167.86.37]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Wed, 1 Jul 1998 18:08:51 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: nolan@cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan)
Subject: zooxanthellae picture
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id VAA28325
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 370
Greetings,
Does anyone have a slide or print of symbiotic zooxanthellae (from
hermatypic corals) which we might use in a new CD-ROM series on ecosystems
and communities for college-level biology and ecology courses?
Regards,
"Nolan"
Ron S. Nolan, Ph.D.
Digital Studios/CyberLearning Collection/Electric Biology
http://www.cyberlearn.com
nolan@cyberlearn.com
(800) 499-3322
(408) 688-3158 outside of US
FAX (408) 688-5738
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 11:52:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA03641; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 11:52:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA04660; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 11:55:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004639; Thu, 2 Jul 98 11:54:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA27495; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 15:04:51 GMT
Received: from hawk.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA27490; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 11:04:42 -0400
Received: from [38.26.16.228] (ip228.an5-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.16.228])
	by hawk.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id IAA08364
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 08:04:15 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 08:04:15 -0700 (PDT)
X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <l03130300b1c119991755@[38.26.12.107]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 371
Reefs At Risk
My students and myself have been reading the debate on the coral list
server regarding the problems reefs are facing, and we had some questions:
1) I have been diving the Caribbean since 1979, and the Pacific since 1990.
We have seen the exponentially expanding human populations and tourist
hotels grow in numbers in the past 15 years, and along with this growth we
have seen the steady growth of macro-algae smothering the corals leading to
coastal eutrophication . None of these islands have sewage treatment
plants, and the islands that don't have septic tank overflows, dump sewage
directly into the water. I don't even think there is a debate as to whether
this direct dumping of sewage is causing such high nutrient loads along
these coasts and shallow lagoons, or is there?
2) Are we saying in situations such as this, up-welling of nutrients from
the deep oceans, and sewage from anthropogenic  sources are equally causing
the demise of coral cover?
3)Can someone honestly say that fertilizers and anthropogenic waste,
whether it be direct or from leaky septic is not part of the major problem
on these islands and southern Florida??
4) Regarding Fl. :  What about the river of sand, a geological formation
called the Long Key Formation, that was deposited along the Florida
peninsula 3-5 million yrs ago. Larry Brand has claimed that this is an
ideal way for phosphate laden water to move through unchanged, thus leaking
under the Florida Bay, is this not true?? It makes sense! Is this not
causing the demise of coral cover from coastal eutrophication??
5)Studies by Lapointe and Tomasko have shown that increased water column
nutrient availability typically results in greater epiphyte levels on
seagrass blades. Nutrient-induced increases in epiphyte coverage decrease
the amount of light that seagrass blades and corals tissue receives. Is
this not a stress causing a major problem??
6) CAN WE ALL AGREE THAT NUTRIENTS FROM ANTHROPOGENIC SOURCES  ARE CAUSING
THE DEMISE IN CORAL  AND SEA GRASS  COVER IN FL. AND CARIBBEAN ISLANDS?
WILL THIS NOT LOWER THE METABOLIC ACTIVITY OF THE CORALS THUS MAKING THEM
MORE SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASES?
Excess  nutrients  can cause the proliferation of macro-algal blooms, and
cyanobacteria in and around these oligotrophic systems.  Example: Sipadan
Island, Indo-Pacific. In 1988 Sipadan Island had 15 rooms (huts on stilts,)
on this 600 yard circle coral cay. In 1990 there were 2 more dive operators
on this cay adding 30 more rooms. In 1992 another 2 dive operators added 30
more rooms, and as of 1998 I heard there were 7 dive operators on this tiny
coral cay. So this small island  now has 200 to 300 humans whose waste is
deposited in the porous limestone substrate each day. We have photo graphed
the decline in corals due to excess sediment, and proliferation of
macrophytes growing all over the Acroporids and soft coral species. Gardens
of hard and soft corals that once thrived on this 400meter wall in front of
the island, are now 80% gone.  The corals 1/2 km. out from shore are
smothered with bluegreens and weedy types. The nutrient thresholds noted by
Bell PRF (1992)  Water Research 26:553-560,  for inorganic nitrogen and
soluble reactive phosphorus must be at level. This is a protected reserve,
with no HCN or dynamite fishing. Therefore herbivores should be controlling
the macrophytes. AND THIS IS NOT SO!
7)There are plenty of sea urchins and parrotfish, and yet still we see the
smothering of algae on corals?? Why is this so??
8) LAST QUESTION: LETS SAY WE SEE AN INCREASE HUMAN GROWTH AND IN DIADEMA
ANTILLARUM IN THE NEXT 10 YEARS.  WILL THE URCHINS START TAKING CARE OF THE
MACROPHYTES THAT ARE SMOTHERING THE CORALS? AND WHAT ABOUT THE GREEN PEA
SOUP ON THE SURFACE WATERS COMING FROM PLANKTON BLOOMS? I GUESS THE WATER
BELOW WILL BE CLEAR, HOWEVER, WE STILL HAVE A PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROBLEM. WILL
THIS NOT SLOW THE GROWTH RATE IN CORALS?
 I GUESS WITH THE GROWING CHLOROPHYLL CONCENTRATIONS WE MIGHT HAVE ANOTHER
PROBLEM, INCREASE TEMPS. AND BLEACHING, I DON'T THINK THESE LITTLE CRITTERS
CAN SOLVE THIS PROBLEM!
THANKS, JAMES AND STUDENTS  FROM AP SCIENCE AT ST. FRANCIS IN NY.
************************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, N.Y. 11356
Phone/Fax-(718) 539-8155
************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 15:55:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA07175; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 15:55:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA20553; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 15:58:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020509; Thu, 2 Jul 98 15:57:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA28734; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:12:09 GMT
Received: from axp1.wku.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA28728; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 15:12:04 -0400
Received: from WKU.EDU (161.6.17.5) by axp1.wku.edu (MX V5.0) with SMTP;
          Thu, 2 Jul 1998 14:11:26 -0500
Received: from ccMail by WKU.EDU (SMTPLINK V2.11.01) id AA899413844;
          Thu, 02 Jul 98 14:01:33 CDT
Date: Thu, 02 Jul 98 14:01:33 CDT
From: "Ouida Meier" <Ouida.Meier@wku.edu>
Message-ID: <9806028994.AA899413844@WKU.EDU>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 372
     After being out of town, then reading the debate about the source
     and degree of threat to reefs in Florida in one lump, I forwarded
     the discussion to a student currently away at a field station and
     sent the following note along with it.
     Dear Paulette,
     ...
     The neat thing about the coral-list discussion I sent you is that
     the people who wrote in are some of the major players in the
     region. Reading between the lines, you also begin to get an idea
     of how nasty some of the interactions can be among scientists
     there - people in this field, for some reason, tend to take a
     position and then make it a very personal thing, maybe because
     one survival strategy is to become increasingly
     competitive/aggressive/defensive as "territories" become smaller.
     One would think this problem is big enough to engender
     cooperation instead.
     You know my own take on the whole situation in Florida: most of
     the rigorous studies that have taken place over reasonable time
     periods have shown declines in Florida's reefs (Dustan and Halas
     1987, Porter and Meier 1992). Our current large-scale monitoring
     project is also showing declines; since we're still collecting
     and analyzing data from that study I will mention only those
     facets that have been completed and publicly released so far.
     The scary thing is that the data from these 3 studies show
     several different kinds of reef decline over time: percent cover
     of reef-building corals is decreasing, percent cover of fire
     corals (milleporids) and macroalgae is increasing, local species
     diversity is declining (rare corals becoming more rare), spatial
     complexity of the habitat is declining as branching corals die
     out, and incidences of disease are becoming more frequent, more
     widespread geographically, and more diseases are being found in
     more species of coral.
     While in some parts of the world declines in reefs can be clearly
     attributed to one particular source of impact (e.g., severe
     overfishing, or sedimentation from coastal development), this is
     not the case in the Florida Keys. Instead, I would argue that
     Floridian reefs should be considered severely threatened because
     they are exposed to multiple environmental impacts. You know from
     the pollution and toxicology work you're doing now that
     synergistic effects on organisms from multiple pollutants are
     frequently greater than the summed effects from each of the
     individual pollutants. I think the same principal of complexity
     of interaction applies to communities, ecosystems, and probably
     to the global system as well.
     I think the best clue we have that multiple sources of
     environmental impact are at work IS the fact that we have
     measured multiple kinds of reef decline, without even looking
     very far beyond the coral components. People get frustrated when
     they can't trace a specific, measurably changing parameter back
     up its causal chain to a single measurable cause, but we're
     dealing with genuine ecosystem networks of interaction here, not
     threads or chains, with system properties like contribution of
     indirect effects on top of that, and with multiple sources of
     environmental impact on top of THAT.
     This is not to say that identifying the most damaging sources of
     impact is an intractable problem, but effects propagate
     differently through network systems than they do along threads.
     Acknowledging and dealing with complexity is really very
     different from the linear ways we normally try to understand
     things and solve problems in science. But at this point in time,
     making progress with problems in complex systems like coral reefs
     will require biting that bullet - finding ways to deal with
     complexity of interaction in a rigorous fashion.
     Ouida
     *****************************
     Dr. Ouida W. Meier
     Department of Biology
     Western Kentucky University
     Bowling Green, KY 42101
     ouida.meier@wku.edu
     *****************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 18:20:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09175; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:20:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA27755; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:23:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027724; Thu, 2 Jul 98 18:23:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA29521; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 21:59:59 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA29516; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:59:55 -0400
Received: from localhost (bmiller@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id LAA26207
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 11:59:25 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: bmiller owned process doing -bs
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 11:59:25 -1000 (HST)
From: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: bmiller@iniki
Reply-To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: all apologies
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980702113301.23722F-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 373
Dear list,
Recently I made a comment to the list implying that Bill Precht, as an
environmental consultant, might have some ties to the sugar industry in
Florida.  I got this idea from the web page of Precht's former employer,
Consul-Tech, which touts its experience in dealing with development and
agricultural projects.  Precht quickly corrected me, and I
apologize for any misunderstanding.  The comment was not intended as a
personal attack, but as a call for general questioning of the motives of
enviromental consultants.  I think that the inherent conflict of interest
that may be involved always bears scrutiny.
I am only a graduate student, and my specialty has been deep-sea biology,
rather than coral reef biology.  Thus I was unaware of the severity of
judgement placed on such comments, as Bill Precht wittily expressed
in the following note.
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 16:59:55 -0400
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
Bob:
Just a personal note for your eyes only.
One of the rules of the game for being on the coral list - "NO PERSONAL
SLAMS"
It's not the proper forum.  Next time you pull a stunt like that I'll
ask you to be removed from the list and I'm sure I'll have grassroots
support.
I don't know who you think you are, but your comments regarding my so
called "underlying message" border on being libelous.
I took the time to look for any significant contributions you have made
in the field of coral reef science... As I expected.. you are an
academic dud.
See you in the funny papers
With Sweetest regards (another reference to big sugar just in case you
didn't get the metaphor),
Bill
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:09:06 -0400
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
By the way...
precautionary principal  is spelled PRINCIPLE
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 18:20:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09179; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:20:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA27754; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:23:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027730; Thu, 2 Jul 98 18:23:16 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA29498; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 21:57:12 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA29493; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:57:08 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <3CGX4045>; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:56:42 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB9C@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: ericroach@hotmail.com
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: underwater GPS?
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:54:49 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 374
			In response to the GPS querry -
> 		Presently Trimble Navigation makes a GPS unit for the US
> Military (Navy Seals). This system known as the MUGR (Miniature
> Underwater GPS Receiver) is a 6-channel, P(Y) code, SA/AS performance
> hand held unit.  It is waterproof up to 2 atmospheres (66 feet) and
> weighs 1.2 pounds.  It is designed "to be very easy to use even under
> duress".  The P(Y) code indicates a military code. Users licences  for
> commercial/scientific use are available. However, with the recent and
> ongoing declassification of military technology I understand this
> equipment may be readily available to the scientific community sooner
> than later and with non-military codes.
>
> 		Since this equipment has been heretofore unavailable to
> general users, and because of the need for accurate underwater surveys
> in the case of ship groundings etc...,  We  have  also  adapted a
> survey-grade, Trimble RTK - GPS rover unit for U/W data collection.
> We float the receiver directly above the diver doing the survey.  The
> diver has the antenna mounted on a pole with a waterproof coaxial
> cable connecting the antenna with the receiver.  With teams of as
> little as three field personnel we are able to cover a large area with
> excellent precision and accuracy (cm scale).  Limitations include
> water depth and sea state.  The calmer the conditions and the
> shallower the depth - the better the results.  It is difficult to near
> impossible to use this technique in rough seas.  If you have any
> additional questions on this technique...  please don't hesitate to
> drop me a line. In addition, our firm has a working (partnering)
> relationship with the firm SSR (Search, Survey & Recovery) out of
> Jupiter FL.  They have a system entitled the IVMS (Integrated Video
> Mapping System) that incorporates a constant GPS location on their U/W
> video surveys.  This system is further being refined with the advent
> of digital video cameras.
>
> 		I hope this clarifies any questions as to the present
> State-of-the-Art with U/W GPS.
>
>
> 		Cheers,
>
> 		Bill Precht
>
> 		LAW Engineering & Environmental Services Inc.
> 		5845 NW 158th Street
> 		Miami Lakes, FL  33014
> 		ph (305) 826-5588
> 		fax (305) 826-1799
>
> 			-----Original Message-----
> 			From:	eric roach [SMTP:ericroach@hotmail.com]
> 			Sent:	Tuesday, June 23, 1998 5:33 PM
> 			To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> 			Subject:	underwater GPS?
>
> 			Does anyone possess product information for any
> sort of underwater GPS
> 			or any ideas of how to make one?
>
> 			Eric Roach
>
>
> ______________________________________________________
> 			Get Your Private, Free Email at
> http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 18:20:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09177; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:20:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA27751; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:23:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027725; Thu, 2 Jul 98 18:23:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA29473; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 21:53:23 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA29468; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:53:19 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <3CGX404X>; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:52:52 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02AB9A@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: RE: underwater GPS?
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:51:01 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 375
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Precht,Bill
> Sent:	Thursday, July 02, 1998 5:51 PM
> To:	Precht,Bill
> Subject:	RE: underwater GPS?
>
>
>
> 	-----Original Message-----
> 		From:	Precht,Bill
> 		Sent:	Monday, June 29, 1998 3:36 PM
> 		To:	'eric roach'
> 		Subject:	RE: underwater GPS?
>
> 		In response to the GPS querry -
>
> 		Presently Trimble Navigation makes a GPS unit for the US
> Military (Navy Seals). This system known as the MUGR (Miniature
> Underwater GPS Receiver) is a 6-channel, P(Y) code, SA/AS performance
> hand held unit.  It is waterproof up to 2 atmospheres (66 feet) and
> weighs 1.2 pounds.  It is designed "to be very easy to use even under
> duress".  The P(Y) code indicates a military code. Users licences  for
> commercial/scientific use are available. However, with the recent and
> ongoing declassification of military technology I understand this
> equipment may be readily available to the scientific community sooner
> than later and with non-military codes.
>
> 		Since this equipment has been heretofore unavailable to
> general users, and because of the need for accurate underwater surveys
> in the case of ship groundings etc...,  We  have  also  adapted a
> survey-grade, Trimble RTK - GPS rover unit for U/W data collection.
> We float the receiver directly above the diver doing the survey.  The
> diver has the antenna mounted on a pole with a waterproof coaxial
> cable connecting the antenna with the receiver.  With teams of as
> little as three field personnel we are able to cover a large area with
> excellent precision and accuracy (cm scale).  Limitations include
> water depth and sea state.  The calmer the conditions and the
> shallower the depth - the better the results.  It is difficult to near
> impossible to use this technique in rough seas.  If you have any
> additional questions on this technique...  please don't hesitate to
> drop me a line. In addition, our firm has a working (partnering)
> relationship with the firm SSR (Search, Survey & Recovery) out of
> Jupiter FL.  They have a system entitled the IVMS (Integrated Video
> Mapping System) that incorporates a constant GPS location on their U/W
> video surveys.  This system is further being refined with the advent
> of digital video cameras.
>
> 		I hope this clarifies any questions as to the present
> State-of-the-Art with U/W GPS.
>
>
> 		Cheers,
>
> 		Bill Precht
>
> 		LAW Engineering & Environmental Services Inc.
> 		5845 NW 158th Street
> 		Miami Lakes, FL  33014
> 		ph (305) 826-5588
> 		fax (305) 826-1799
>
> 			-----Original Message-----
> 			From:	eric roach [SMTP:ericroach@hotmail.com]
> 			Sent:	Tuesday, June 23, 1998 5:33 PM
> 			To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> 			Subject:	underwater GPS?
>
> 			Does anyone possess product information for any
> sort of underwater GPS
> 			or any ideas of how to make one?
>
> 			Eric Roach
>
>
> ______________________________________________________
> 			Get Your Private, Free Email at
> http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 18:56:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA09438; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:56:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA29361; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:59:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029357; Thu, 2 Jul 98 18:59:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA29668; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 22:33:11 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA29663; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 18:33:03 -0400
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id IAA28474; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 08:31:55 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980703082701.007054d8@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Fri, 03 Jul 1998 08:27:01 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: coral bleaching
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 376
                                                               NOAA 98-
     CONTACT:   Patricia Viets, NOAA             FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
        (301) 457-5005                          xxxxxxx
     1998 Coral Reef Bleaching in Indian Ocean Unprecedented,
     NOAA Announces
        An episode of extremely high ocean temperatures migrated from south
     to
     north throughout the Indian Ocean during the first six months of 1998
     causing considerable coral reef bleaching in its wake, the National
     Oceanic
     and Atmospheric Administration reports.
        Sea surface temperatures, exceeding the maximum values expected for
     any time during the year, were observed by NOAA's satellites to have
     exceeded levels critical to cause beaching where these waters overlay
     Indian Ocean coral reefs.
        A somewhat similar episode occurred following the 1987 El Nino in
     the
     Indian Ocean; however, in 1988 the extreme sea surface temperature
     anomalies, toxic to corals, moderated sufficiently as the sun moved
     into
     the Northern Hemisphere.  In that year, reefs in the Indian Ocean
     north of
     the equator were spared heavy bleaching.
        In 1998, this has not been the case.  Bleaching, earlier projected
     by
     NOAA, has been reported from the field on the following reefs:
     Seychelles;
     Kenya; Reunion; Mauritius; Somalia; Madagascar; Maldives; Indonesia;
     Sri
     Lanka; Gulf of Thailand [Siam]; Andaman Islands; Malaysia; Oman;
     India; and
     Cambodia.
        This unprecedented round of bleaching in coral reefs throughout the
     Indian Ocean follows El Nino-related bleaching events during late-1997
     and
     early-1998 both projected by NOAA's satellite HotSpot charts and
     documented
     by reef scientists in Mexico (Pacific), Panama (Pacific); Galapagos;
     Australia's Great Barrier Reef; Papua New Guinea; and American Samoa.
        In the Indian Ocean, sea surface temperature anomalies appear to be
     coming less severe toward the end of June.  The total area covered by
     "HotSpots" is now only in the northernmost fringes of the Indian
     Ocean.
     However, during June the Philippines and the Florida Keys regions have
     been
     seeing temperature anomalies sufficiently high that bleaching has been
     reported and biologists are concerned for reefs there.
        Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a variety
     of
     sea life and provide resources of significant economic importance such
     as
     fishing and recreation.  Coral bleaching, induced by high water
     temperatures, has raised concerns about these fragile ecosystems.
     Coral
     bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae, a type of algae
     that
     resides in the structure of the coral, and is essential to the coral's
     survival.  Corals normally recover, unless high ocean temperatures
     persist
     for too long a period or become too warm.
        Coral Reef "HotSpots"  depicted as regions of yellow/orange in the
     NOAA/NESDIS charts
     (http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html)
     highlight
     those anomalies that are equal to or above the annual maximum sea
     surface
     temperatures by +1 deg C or more.
        HotSpot animations are available at the Oceanic Research &
     Applications Division's  WebSite:
        http://http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad/sub/noaarsrc.html
(please send any replies to addresses found in these web sites, not the
forwarder of this message, as I have no further information on this.)
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 00:28:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA10667; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 00:28:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA02917; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 00:31:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002910; Fri, 3 Jul 98 00:30:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA00775; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 03:54:48 GMT
Received: from netcom13.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA00769; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 23:54:44 -0400
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom13.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id UAA00669;
	Thu, 2 Jul 1998 20:54:17 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 20:54:16 -0700 (PDT)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: all apologies
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980702113301.23722F-100000@iniki>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9807022054.A26485-0100000@netcom13>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 377
On Thu, 2 Jul 1998, Robert Miller wrote:
>
> Dear list,
>
> Recently I made a comment to the list implying that Bill Precht, as an
> environmental consultant, might have some ties to the sugar industry in
> Florida.  I got this idea from the web page of Precht's former employer,
> Consul-Tech, which touts its experience in dealing with development and
> agricultural projects.  Precht quickly corrected me, and I
> apologize for any misunderstanding.
It matters less when it goes away quickly.  This whole thing could have
been concluded in one or two terse sentences.
> The comment was not intended as a
> personal attack, but as a call for general questioning of the motives of
> enviromental consultants.
If your axiom is that environmental consultants for a given industry are
less than completely ethical when they weigh facts, then that is going to
a legitimate problem.
> I think that the inherent conflict of interest
> that may be involved always bears scrutiny.
>
> I am only a graduate student, and my specialty has been deep-sea biology,
> rather than coral reef biology.  Thus I was unaware of the severity of
> judgement placed on such comments, as Bill Precht wittily expressed
> in the following note.
Surely the study of deep sea biu=ology ghas attracted it shares of
prickly customoers.
> Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 16:59:55 -0400
> From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
> To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
> Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
>
> Bob:
>
> Just a personal note for your eyes only.
>
> One of the rules of the game for being on the coral list - "NO PERSONAL
> SLAMS"
>
> It's not the proper forum.  Next time you pull a stunt like that I'll
> ask you to be removed from the list and I'm sure I'll have grassroots
> support.
>
> I don't know who you think you are, but your comments regarding my so
> called "underlying message" border on being libelous.
>
> I took the time to look for any significant contributions you have made
> in the field of coral reef science... As I expected.. you are an
> academic dud.
>
> See you in the funny papers
>
> With Sweetest regards (another reference to big sugar just in case you
> didn't get the metaphor),
>
> Bill
>
>
> Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:09:06 -0400
> From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
> To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
> Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
>
> By the way...
>
> precautionary principal  is spelled PRINCIPLE
>
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 05:09:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA11201; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 05:09:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA04723; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 05:12:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004719; Fri, 3 Jul 98 05:12:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA01640; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 08:34:48 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA01635; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 04:34:40 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id PAA21619;
	Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:32:11 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 15:34:58 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 3 Jul 98 15:34:08 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 15:33:58 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Albert Thiel" <albert@athiel.com>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: spiny lobster reference
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 14:49:36 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda657$20406aa0$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 378
Dear Albert Thiel and Coral listers
Would you like to inform an E-Mail of Martin Moe, Please.....
-----Original Message-----
From: Albert Thiel <albert@athiel.com>
To: Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
Date: 01 Juli 1998 23:14
Subject: RE: spiny lobster reference
>Martin Moe (Green Turtle Press) wrong an exhaustive book called Lobsters
>
>
>-----Original Message-----
>From: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
>[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Coremap BAPPEDA
>Tk.I Riau
>Sent: Wednesday, July 01, 1998 7:17 AM
>To: Coral Health Monitoring Program
>Subject: spiny lobster reference
>
>Dear Coral lister
>
>I have been interested about spiny lobster (Panulirus spp), but in my
>college (Fisheries of Riau University, Riau-Indonesia) I never get the
>references about it.
>I'm 26th old, I'm a U/W photographer specialist and an environmental
>journalist. At now I'm active on Coral reef Rehabilitation and management
>program of Riau Province, Indonesia.
>I will study about spiny lobster in Indonesia. I hope some body help me
with
>kindness.
>please send me a refference and the name/E-mail of spiny lobster expert.
>thanks.....
>
>
>coremap-bappeda tk-I Riau, Indonesia
>
>
>Fadil Nandila
>crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
>
>mailing addres:
>COREMAP-BAPPEDA TK-I RIAU
>JL. CUT NYAK DHIEN, PEKANBARU (28000)
> RIAU-INDONESIA
>FAKS. 62-761-36035
>
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 06:50:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA11412; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 06:50:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA05225; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 06:53:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005221; Fri, 3 Jul 98 06:53:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA02035; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 10:16:20 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA02030; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 06:16:08 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id SAA20329;
	Fri, 3 Jul 1998 18:07:11 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 17:16:20 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 3 Jul 98 17:15:38 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 17:15:35 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Peter N. King" <peking@mail.asiandevbank.org>,
        "Michael Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: tyre reef wrong ?
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 17:09:27 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda66a$a9a8d440$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 379
Dear Mr. Michael and Mr. King
I try to clear this issue
I, m realy sorry if this make you mad
The coral lister where  answered me (about 80 % or up) said, Tyre is not
good to be Artificial reef.
But they not reply me the reason with scientific. Just Mr Collin done.
Am I wrong?......
Mr. King, in this case Riau Coremap Tim just helping some Diving club in
Riau University to got  a reason from "coral divender of the earth" about
Tyre reef, before they done the wrong one. If they know that are wrong, so
thay will not to do (I hope....)
They just want to helping the "poor Fisherman" at Riau Archipilago where
they didn't have alternative job. The tyre can give them a site for fishing.
Fishing are they cultural job. No fish, no rice and then they son no school.
We save coral reef that for save a fishes stoking of the area. Isn't it?
So why we do all of this if we shall have been catcing a fish?
(That they respon for any C-lister whom not agree the Tyre reef for
agregating fish).
I tell you some (bad ide?): one day at juni 1998 my frend told me that he
was listening  from a radio,  reporting about; our goverment give a
permition and agree to use Tyre for articial reef it mean to saving beach
and to "grow up" a poor fisherman at 24 province in
Indonesia............bla...bla...bla....
What we act now?????
Ok .....I shall cancel it if you send me the article or published  where
can't destroy the collin scientific Tyre.
Cheers
Fadil Nandila
Coremap-Bappeda TK I Riau
Jl. Cut Nyak Dhien, Pekanbaru - Riau
Indonesia
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
-----Original Message-----
From: Peter N. King <peking@mail.AsianDevBank.org>
To: COREMAP Bappeda Riau Fadil Nandila <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>;
Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Cc: Evan Edinger <edinger@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>; Ken Collins
<Kenneth.J.Collins@soc.soton.ac.uk>; Ghislaine Llewellyn
<mcmast@idola.net.id>
Date: 02 Juli 1998 5:29
Subject: Re: Artificial reefs
>Mike and the Riau COREMAP Team
>
>I completely agree with Mike on this issue.  There are many other
interesting
>and useful ways to recycle tires rather than dumping them in the sea.  If
you
>need some information on recycling tires let me know.  On artificial reefs,
I
>believe the best use is close to where an existing reef has been damaged by
>blast fishing, coral mining or some other degradation.  If the reef has
died due
>to sedimentation or excessive nutrient loading, then there is little point
>trying to replace the original reef with an artificial one, unless the
original
>cause of the reef loss is solved.  Peter King
>
>Dear Riau COREMAP:
>
>I was very surprised to read your response to Dr. Collins, of the UK, re
>the use of tires for artificial reefs. It seems that you received many
>responses from the Coral-list that were negative about this, but you got
>the one response you needed, one that would allow you to make the reefs
>from tires.
>
>It may very well be that tires make useful fish-aggregation devices in
>temperate waters, for at least a short period of time. I should be very
>clear, however: there is no scientific doubt that tires are one of the
>worst possible materials for use in tropical environments. There are
>several reasons for this:
> 1. tires bleed toxic substances (metals,plasticisers)
> 2. corals will not settle on them, hence your artificial reef will never
>become a "real" reef
> 3. over time, tires "exfoliate" (especially true of steel-belted tires)
>
>There are a number of good references to appropriate materials to use for
>artificial reefs. Some of my own include Atoll Res. Bulletin #255
>(1981-almost 20 years ago!), and a followup in 1988, Mar. Poll. Bull. 19:
>219-222. I would be glad to send you reprints, if you wish. In short, by
>properly arranging the concrete and coral rock of a reef, you can control
>the size of the fish and lobsters attracted to that reef. In a relatively
>short period of time, corals and other invertebrates settle on the reefs,
>converting them to "real" reefs. (In many cases, the lower parts of the
>water column are so sediment-laden that corals cannot settle-but give them
>a concrete block, elevated 30 cm, and settlement occurs. For more on this,
>see Cortes and Risk, 1985.)
>
>Our project in Semarang just finished, and published, an experiment
>ranking several materials that have been used in SE Asia for artificial
>reefs. Only sheet metal was worse than tires! The best, of course, were
>concrete structures.
>
>I recognise that you are under pressure to solve a terrestrial waste
>problem by dumping tires in the sea. I think this is a bad solution, and
>that is what I, as Team Leader, wrote in the COREMAP Final Report, which
>is supposed to guide your actions. This is a bad solution, not only for
>the reasons given above (which should be sufficient), but also because you
>give up further opportunities. In the COREMAP Report, I consulted with Dr.
>Peter Sale, and I pointed out that concrete artificial reefs can be
>constructed in such a way (textures, shapes) as to attract the larvae of
>ornamental and economically-important fish species.
>
>Cukup. The evidence is quite clear. If you want, I will send you all the
>materials to which I refer above. Or you could read the COREMAP report.
>
>Dr. Michael Risk
>Professor of Biology and Geology
>McMaster Univ.
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  2 19:47:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA09590; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:46:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA29783; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:49:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029779; Thu, 2 Jul 98 19:49:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA29869; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 23:24:15 GMT
Received: from mail.atl.bellsouth.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA29863; Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:24:11 -0400
Received: from albert (host-209-214-88-139.atl-n.bellsouth.net [209.214.88.139])
	by mail.atl.bellsouth.net (8.8.8-spamdog/8.8.5) with SMTP id TAA01161;
	Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:23:42 -0400 (EDT)
From: "Albert Thiel" <athiel@bellsouth.net>
To: "Robert Miller" <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>,
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: all apologies
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 19:23:41 -0400
Message-ID: <000301bda610$73153860$6b519fcf@albert.atlcon.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95.980702113301.23722F-100000@iniki>
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
Importance: Normal
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 380
Posting private email to a list is considered an absolute no no and lack of
etiquette and netiquette
Albert
-----Original Message-----
From:	owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of Robert Miller
Sent:	Thursday, July 02, 1998 5:59 PM
To:	Coral-List
Subject:	all apologies
Dear list,
Recently I made a comment to the list implying that Bill Precht, as an
environmental consultant, might have some ties to the sugar industry in
Florida.  I got this idea from the web page of Precht's former employer,
Consul-Tech, which touts its experience in dealing with development and
agricultural projects.  Precht quickly corrected me, and I
apologize for any misunderstanding.  The comment was not intended as a
personal attack, but as a call for general questioning of the motives of
enviromental consultants.  I think that the inherent conflict of interest
that may be involved always bears scrutiny.
I am only a graduate student, and my specialty has been deep-sea biology,
rather than coral reef biology.  Thus I was unaware of the severity of
judgement placed on such comments, as Bill Precht wittily expressed
in the following note.
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 16:59:55 -0400
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
Bob:
Just a personal note for your eyes only.
One of the rules of the game for being on the coral list - "NO PERSONAL
SLAMS"
It's not the proper forum.  Next time you pull a stunt like that I'll
ask you to be removed from the list and I'm sure I'll have grassroots
support.
I don't know who you think you are, but your comments regarding my so
called "underlying message" border on being libelous.
I took the time to look for any significant contributions you have made
in the field of coral reef science... As I expected.. you are an
academic dud.
See you in the funny papers
With Sweetest regards (another reference to big sugar just in case you
didn't get the metaphor),
Bill
Date: Thu, 2 Jul 1998 17:09:06 -0400
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu>
Subject: RE: Reefs at Risk.
By the way...
precautionary principal  is spelled PRINCIPLE
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 11:56:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA12449; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 11:56:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA09723; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 11:59:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009656; Fri, 3 Jul 98 11:58:39 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA03291; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:31:55 GMT
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:31:55 GMT
Message-Id: <199807031531.PAA03291@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Alan Strong <astrong@orbit1i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: coral bleaching
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 381
This NOAA Press Release that went out 1 July based on our
research/collaborations has an image that can be viewed at our WebSite:
WHAT'S NEW --- http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad/new.html
This effort has been a genuine collaborative effort! -- thanks to Doug
Fenner at AIMS in Australia for posting this to the "coral-list"! [I had
forgotten to post it today before our 4-th of July holiday!!].  It can be
viewed at NOAA's:
http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/pr98/jul98/noaa98-42.html
Cheers,
AES
On Fri, 3 Jul 1998, Doug Fenner wrote:
>                                                                NOAA 98-
>      CONTACT:   Patricia Viets, NOAA             FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
>         (301) 457-5005                          xxxxxxx
>
>
>      1998 Coral Reef Bleaching in Indian Ocean Unprecedented,
>      NOAA Announces
>
>         An episode of extremely high ocean temperatures migrated from south
>      to
>      north throughout the Indian Ocean during the first six months of 1998
>      causing considerable coral reef bleaching in its wake, the National
>      Oceanic
>      and Atmospheric Administration reports.
>
>         Sea surface temperatures, exceeding the maximum values expected for
>      any time during the year, were observed by NOAA's satellites to have
>      exceeded levels critical to cause beaching where these waters overlay
>      Indian Ocean coral reefs.
>
>         A somewhat similar episode occurred following the 1987 El Nino in
>      the
>      Indian Ocean; however, in 1988 the extreme sea surface temperature
>      anomalies, toxic to corals, moderated sufficiently as the sun moved
>      into
>      the Northern Hemisphere.  In that year, reefs in the Indian Ocean
>      north of
>      the equator were spared heavy bleaching.
>
>         In 1998, this has not been the case.  Bleaching, earlier projected
>      by
>      NOAA, has been reported from the field on the following reefs:
>      Seychelles;
>      Kenya; Reunion; Mauritius; Somalia; Madagascar; Maldives; Indonesia;
>      Sri
>      Lanka; Gulf of Thailand [Siam]; Andaman Islands; Malaysia; Oman;
>      India; and
>      Cambodia.
>
>         This unprecedented round of bleaching in coral reefs throughout the
>      Indian Ocean follows El Nino-related bleaching events during late-1997
>      and
>      early-1998 both projected by NOAA's satellite HotSpot charts and
>      documented
>      by reef scientists in Mexico (Pacific), Panama (Pacific); Galapagos;
>      Australia's Great Barrier Reef; Papua New Guinea; and American Samoa.
>
>         In the Indian Ocean, sea surface temperature anomalies appear to be
>      coming less severe toward the end of June.  The total area covered by
>      "HotSpots" is now only in the northernmost fringes of the Indian
>      Ocean.
>      However, during June the Philippines and the Florida Keys regions have
>      been
>      seeing temperature anomalies sufficiently high that bleaching has been
>      reported and biologists are concerned for reefs there.
>
>         Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the oceans" -- support a variety
>      of
>      sea life and provide resources of significant economic importance such
>      as
>      fishing and recreation.  Coral bleaching, induced by high water
>      temperatures, has raised concerns about these fragile ecosystems.
>      Coral
>      bleaching occurs as coral tissue expels zooxanthellae, a type of algae
>      that
>      resides in the structure of the coral, and is essential to the coral's
>      survival.  Corals normally recover, unless high ocean temperatures
>      persist
>      for too long a period or become too warm.
>
>         Coral Reef "HotSpots"  depicted as regions of yellow/orange in the
>      NOAA/NESDIS charts
>      (http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html)
>      highlight
>      those anomalies that are equal to or above the annual maximum sea
>      surface
>      temperatures by +1 deg C or more.
>
>         HotSpot animations are available at the Oceanic Research &
>      Applications Division's  WebSite:
>
>         http://http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad/sub/noaarsrc.html
>
> (please send any replies to addresses found in these web sites, not the
> forwarder of this message, as I have no further information on this.)
> Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
> Coral Taxonomist
> Australian Institute of Marine Science
> PMB No 3
> Townsville MC
> Queensland 4810
> Australia
> phone 07 4753 4241
> e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 11:57:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA12484; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 11:57:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA09857; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 12:00:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009833; Fri, 3 Jul 98 12:00:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA03311; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:33:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199807031533.PAA03311@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 10:58:55 -0400 (EDT)
From: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
cc: "Peter N. King" <peking@mail.asiandevbank.org>,
        Ghislaine Llewellyn <mcmast@idola.net.id>,
        Evan Edinger <edinger@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>,
        Coral Health Monitoring Program <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: tyre reef wrong ?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 382
Thank you for your reply. My reply may have been a bit strong, but it was
nonetheless correct. (I have since received feedback from my good friend
Tom Tomascik as to Dr. Collins' reputation-maybe you should not listen too
closely to what he tells you.)
I understand that there are enormous problems in Riau. In fact, everywhere
in Indonesia. The pressure for a "quick fix" is enormous, because people
have to eat. So let me suggest some things that might help:
1. first, Evan and I will send you the information/papers we have. They
will convince you that tires are bad. (Gila sekali: "tyres" in Britain,
"tires" in North america.)
2. *IF* there are unexploited fish stocks in an area where corals would
never grow normally, for example deep sand flats, then tires are OK as
FADs. (Fish Aggregation Devices.) If there is coral anywhere near, even
200 m, then make your reefs out of rock/concrete: use some of the designs
in my Atoll Res Bull paper. You will then find baby corals growing on your
"reefs" within a few months, beginning the process of converting the reef
to a real reef.
3. My marine project in Semarang is working to try to solve some of the
problems you mention. We are trying to get the Canadian development agency
that funds us to agree to a reorientation of the project, to value-added
sustainable marine exports, such as coral and fish farms. There will
shortly be pilot projects underway in the Karimunjawa Islands, involving
artificial reefs, cultivation of "jamur", etc: you are very welcome to
visit, just contact Dr. Llewellyn (Gilly).
4. Gilly and one of my students plan to come to Riau soon (August?). We
have a project under way to evaluate the effect of the "haze/smoke"
problem on the metabolism of corals. It should be possible for you to meet
with them in Riau, to discuss some of these matters. Their plans aren't
set yet: they want to sample corals that were worst hit by the smoke, and
(if I remember correctly) Gilly was planning to fly into Bintan, take a
ferry down to Lingga or Sengkep...
Sampai nanti.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 12:29:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA12684; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 12:29:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA11543; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 12:32:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011530; Fri, 3 Jul 98 12:32:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA03274; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:29:12 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA03269; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 11:29:09 -0400
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 11:29:09 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral-List Administrator <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Diatribes, protocol, etc. (fwd)
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980703112759.3265A-200000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: MULTIPART/MIXED; BOUNDARY="-1066435592-465892508-899478827=:3194"
Content-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980703111406.3194C@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 383
  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text,
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools.
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info.
---1066435592-465892508-899478827=:3194
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980703111406.3194D@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Approved: zooid511
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list
Subject: Diatribes, protocol, etc.
Dear Coral-Listers,
	Please find attached the protocol for posting messages,
protocol, etc. for coral-list, in case you forgot.
	I know it is tempting, when someone flames you in front of others,
to flame back to the same wide audience so you can defend yourseld, and I
am probably more guilty than anybody else for this (and have thoroughly
embarassed myself in the process), but please try to limit public
diatribes, flaming, etc. as best you see fit.  Whenever possible, flame
back via personal email to that person, then maybe if that person sees
fit, he/she can re-broadcast to the list that he/she was a jerk, and that
now he/she sees the light.
	Posting to a listserver messages that were sent to you in
confidence is definitely not cool.  Please do not do that, because if you
do, your karma is likely to catch up to you, and the same thing will
happen to you!
	One other thing, if I may...If you have very lengthy text that you
feel would be of benefit to the list, I will volunteer our server as a
home for the text via anonymous FTP, but please try not send a whole book
via the listserver (okay, that's a little exagerated), as it bogs down the
server and budens people who have to PAY for each email message they
receive on a per character basis.
	Hey, this has been a very informative, lively debate of late, and
I think some very valuable discussions have come out of this.  This really
makes this listserver of real good use to coral health researchers and
laypeople alike, and I think it furthers our cause.
	Take care, and keep up the good work!
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
---1066435592-465892508-899478827=:3194
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII; NAME="coral.rap"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: BASE64
Content-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980703111347.3194B@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Content-Description: Coral-List Welcome Messae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---1066435592-465892508-899478827=:3194--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  3 15:49:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA13434; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:49:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA15541; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:52:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015519; Fri, 3 Jul 98 15:51:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04005; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 19:16:05 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04000; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:16:01 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA07297
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 15:12:18 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1312643133.56350@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 3 Jul 1998 15:16:45 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: tyre reef wrong ?
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id PAA13434
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 384
                           Subject:                         Time:   10:05 AM
                           RE>tyre reef wrong ?             Date:   7/3/98
I don't have scientific papers to share with you.  What I have is a real world experience and a location where I could take you where the beach still has tires embedded within the rocks and a reef that still has tires embedded in the framework almost 20 years after a very small hurricane destroyed a tire-based artificial reef.  The artificial reef was over 1 km from shore.
Any artificial reef should use component parts that are large enough to not be moved by the highest wind-forced waves that might be encountered in the area.  This means that you must assume that:
1) reefs constructed of small parts WILL come apart
2) the size of component parts, not the size of a final structure, is the determining factor
3) tires are too small and light in water to have sufficient stability.
All of this assumes that you actually want an artificial reef in the first place.  Most research supports the hypothesis that reefs do not increase biomass or productivity.  Instead, they simply serve as fish attractors that make it easier to remove the fish from the reef ecosystem.  A graduate student of John McManus has recently done some fine work supporting this in the Phillipines.
Cheers,
Mark
--------------------------------------
Date: 7/3/98 7:07 AM
To: Mark Eakin
From: Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau
Dear Mr. Michael and Mr. King
I try to clear this issue
I, m realy sorry if this make you mad
The coral lister where  answered me (about 80 % or up) said, Tyre is not
good to be Artificial reef.
But they not reply me the reason with scientific. Just Mr Collin done.
Am I wrong?......
Mr. King, in this case Riau Coremap Tim just helping some Diving club in
Riau University to got  a reason from "coral divender of the earth" about
Tyre reef, before they done the wrong one. If they know that are wrong, so
thay will not to do (I hope....)
They just want to helping the "poor Fisherman" at Riau Archipilago where
they didn't have alternative job. The tyre can give them a site for fishing.
Fishing are they cultural job. No fish, no rice and then they son no school.
We save coral reef that for save a fishes stoking of the area. Isn't it?
So why we do all of this if we shall have been catcing a fish?
(That they respon for any C-lister whom not agree the Tyre reef for
agregating fish).
I tell you some (bad ide?): one day at juni 1998 my frend told me that he
was listening  from a radio,  reporting about; our goverment give a
permition and agree to use Tyre for articial reef it mean to saving beach
and to "grow up" a poor fisherman at 24 province in
Indonesia............bla...bla...bla....
What we act now?????
Ok .....I shall cancel it if you send me the article or published  where
can't destroy the collin scientific Tyre.
Cheers
Fadil Nandila
Coremap-Bappeda TK I Riau
Jl. Cut Nyak Dhien, Pekanbaru - Riau
Indonesia
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
-----Original Message-----
From: Peter N. King <peking@mail.AsianDevBank.org>
To: COREMAP Bappeda Riau Fadil Nandila <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>;
Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Cc: Evan Edinger <edinger@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>; Ken Collins
<Kenneth.J.Collins@soc.soton.ac.uk>; Ghislaine Llewellyn
<mcmast@idola.net.id>
Date: 02 Juli 1998 5:29
Subject: Re: Artificial reefs
>Mike and the Riau COREMAP Team
>
>I completely agree with Mike on this issue.  There are many other
interesting
>and useful ways to recycle tires rather than dumping them in the sea.  If
you
>need some information on recycling tires let me know.  On artificial reefs,
I
>believe the best use is close to where an existing reef has been damaged by
>blast fishing, coral mining or some other degradation.  If the reef has
died due
>to sedimentation or excessive nutrient loading, then there is little point
>trying to replace the original reef with an artificial one, unless the
original
>cause of the reef loss is solved.  Peter King
>
>Dear Riau COREMAP:
>
>I was very surprised to read your response to Dr. Collins, of the UK, re
>the use of tires for artificial reefs. It seems that you received many
>responses from the Coral-list that were negative about this, but you got
>the one response you needed, one that would allow you to make the reefs
>from tires.
>
>It may very well be that tires make useful fish-aggregation devices in
>temperate waters, for at least a short period of time. I should be very
>clear, however: there is no scientific doubt that tires are one of the
>worst possible materials for use in tropical environments. There are
>several reasons for this:
> 1. tires bleed toxic substances (metals,plasticisers)
> 2. corals will not settle on them, hence your artificial reef will never
>become a "real" reef
> 3. over time, tires "exfoliate" (especially true of steel-belted tires)
>
>There are a number of good references to appropriate materials to use for
>artificial reefs. Some of my own include Atoll Res. Bulletin #255
>(1981-almost 20 years ago!), and a followup in 1988, Mar. Poll. Bull. 19:
>219-222. I would be glad to send you reprints, if you wish. In short, by
>properly arranging the concrete and coral rock of a reef, you can control
>the size of the fish and lobsters attracted to that reef. In a relatively
>short period of time, corals and other invertebrates settle on the reefs,
>converting them to "real" reefs. (In many cases, the lower parts of the
>water column are so sediment-laden that corals cannot settle-but give them
>a concrete block, elevated 30 cm, and settlement occurs. For more on this,
>see Cortes and Risk, 1985.)
>
>Our project in Semarang just finished, and published, an experiment
>ranking several materials that have been used in SE Asia for artificial
>reefs. Only sheet metal was worse than tires! The best, of course, were
>concrete structures.
>
>I recognise that you are under pressure to solve a terrestrial waste
>problem by dumping tires in the sea. I think this is a bad solution, and
>that is what I, as Team Leader, wrote in the COREMAP Final Report, which
>is supposed to guide your actions. This is a bad solution, not only for
>the reasons given above (which should be sufficient), but also because you
>give up further opportunities. In the COREMAP Report, I consulted with Dr.
>Peter Sale, and I pointed out that concrete artificial reefs can be
>constructed in such a way (textures, shapes) as to attract the larvae of
>ornamental and economically-important fish species.
>
>Cukup. The evidence is quite clear. If you want, I will send you all the
>materials to which I refer above. Or you could read the COREMAP report.
>
>Dr. Michael Risk
>Professor of Biology and Geology
>McMaster Univ.
>
>
------------------ RFC822 Header Follows ------------------
Received: by ogp.noaa.gov with ADMIN;3 Jul 1998 07:05:17 U
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA02035; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 10:16:20 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA02030; Fri, 3 Jul 1998 06:16:08 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id SAA20329;
	Fri, 3 Jul 1998 18:07:11 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 17:16:20 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 3 Jul 98 17:15:38 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    3 Jul 98 17:15:35 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Peter N. King" <peking@mail.AsianDevBank.org>,
        "Michael Risk" <riskmj@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: tyre reef wrong ?
Date: Fri, 3 Jul 1998 17:09:27 +0700
Message-ID: <01bda66a$a9a8d440$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 03:16:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA21281; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 03:16:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA16836; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 03:19:17 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016830; Mon, 6 Jul 98 03:18:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA14684; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 06:20:57 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA14679; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 02:20:48 -0400
Received: from clivepc.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id QAA10918; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 16:19:21 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980706150522.006bbe84@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: cwilkins@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Mon, 06 Jul 1998 15:05:22 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Reefs at Risk.
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 385
There has been considerable healthy discussion of the Reefs at Risk report, along with a few unfortunate, irrational comments. It is obvious that many reefs are under immediate threat of severe degradation.  What is clear, is that no single approach will reverse this trend, while human populations grow and put increasing exploitative and development pressures on reefs. It requires a wide range of initiatives e.g. involving communities and governments in monitoring, more reef research, catchment management, population control etc.
Neither of the 2 parallel strategies (multiple reductionist, or few holistic reef assessments), are wrong, just different ways to obtain information and understanding.  Reefs at Risk is a holistic approach, which must contain errors, but provides testable predictions.  We should work to improve these, not criticise attempts to provide simpler messages for decision makers and the public, thereby smearing over some of the inherent complexity of coral reefs..
We, as a group concerned about coral reefs, are all advocates for reef conservation (whether we admit it or not).  Therefore, may I request that we collectively support all efforts to conserve reefs and offer constructive criticism on those that do not conform to our ideas.
Much criticism of Reefs at Risk is of the type - 'OK, but the assessment of reef xyz is way off the mark'.  Any broad assessment will suffer from this - that is the nature of the process of attempting to fill in gaps between our meagre data and information to provide a generic view.  We are clearly unable to report accurately on the status of the world's coral reefs based on existing monitoring or status data.  This was the consensus of the meeting organised  by Bob Ginsburg in Miami, 1993.
I know, I attempted a broad assessment at the 7th ICRS in Guam in 1992 and took a lot of flak.  These figures (10% lost, 30% at high risk; 30% at longer term risk) have entered into the folk law on coral reefs and quoted widely.  I participated in the Reefs at Risk process to upgrade these estimates through more rigorous analysis.  Thus, the new estimates based on assessing many risk factors are far more reliable than those of 1992, and should supersede them.  We can use these assessments in the same way that tropical or mangrove forest people use data on tree loss generated from satellite imagery to alert decision makers to the extent of the problem.  It may be a 'chicken little' approach, but it has increased attention for coral reefs - note the International Coral Reef Initiative and the recent executive order by President Clinton.
There is often a mistaken attempt to ascribe a single or small number of stress factors to explain the decline in a coral reef.  Rarely do risk factors occur in isolation (exceptions are over- fishing and destructive practices on remote reefs, or global climate change).  Thus we must consider reducing as many of the known factors affecting a coral reef as possible. Here, it may be instructive to examine a health model.  There is usually a combination of the 7 known risk factors behind a heart attack.
Irrational dissension will not assist us in the competition for the research and conservation dollar; cooperation and collaboration will maximise our efforts.
<bigger>
><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ~~~ <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><<
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4772 2808 or 4772 5852
<<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< ~~~ ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<>
</bigger>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 08:13:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA22407; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 08:13:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA21487; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 08:16:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021472; Mon, 6 Jul 98 08:15:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA15969; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:40:04 GMT
Message-Id: <199807061140.LAA15969@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 6 Jul 1998 10:39:10 +1100
From: lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au
Subject: 1999 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 386
                    LIZARD ISLAND RESEARCH STATION
                    GREAT BARRIER REEF, AUSTRALIA
    Applications are now invited for the 1999 Lizard Island Doctoral
    Fellowship.  The Fellowship provides funding for field work and
    equipment for a PhD student whose thesis research is based on
    coral reefs, of which a significant portion will be based at the
    Lizard Island Research Station.  It is worth up to A$6,000 per
    year for up to three years.  Funds for the first year of the 1999
    Fellowship will be available in March 1999.  For detailed
    information and application guidelines, see:
        www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/lizfello.htm
                Applications close on 1 October 1998
    __________________________________________________________________
    Dr Anne Hoggett and Dr Lyle Vail, Directors
    Lizard Island Research Station
    PMB 37
    Cairns QLD 4871
    Australia
    Phone and fax: + 61 (0)7 4060-3977
    lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au
    http://www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/
    _________________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 11:42:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA25847; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:42:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA04399; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:45:41 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004382; Mon, 6 Jul 98 11:45:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA16972; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 15:01:08 GMT
Received: from tula.cura.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA16967; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:01:01 -0400
Received: from cura.net (sub-22ip58.carats.net [209.58.22.58]) by tula.cura.net (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id LAA25580 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:00:21 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Message-ID: <35A0E4AA.1D08A230@cura.net>
Date: Mon, 06 Jul 1998 10:52:26 -0400
From: Paul Hoetjes <reefcare@cura.net>
Reply-To: reefcare@cura.net
Organization: Reef Care Curacao
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Trididemnum solidum
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 387
Dear all,
Does anyone know whether *Trididemnum solidum*, a compound encrusting
ascidian, is native to the Caribbean or whether it is an exotic species
brought in accidentally from the Pacific? *Trididemnum* is very common
on the island of Curacao which is a major port (in the sixties and
seventies it was in a league with New York and Rotterdam) just north of
the coast of Venezuela, but I understand it is not very common elsewhere
in the Caribbean.
Because it can overgrow and kill corals it is a source of some concern
here on the island. A survey on the island in 1993 by Reef Care Curacao
(a non-profit volunteer organisation striving to protect the reefs)
found an increase in number of *Trididemnum* colonies of up to 725 %
compared to a survey done in 1978 in the same localities (631 colonies
along one of the 45 line transects from 10-120 ft, a distance of about
100 meters). In our quarterly reef monitoring program we find 1 % cover
for *Trididemnum* in some localities.
I'd appreciate any information about this organism, please e-mail me
direct at
reefcare@cura.net
Paul C. Hoetjes
Scientific Coordinator, Reef Care Curacao
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 16:05:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA29885; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 16:05:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA19811; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 16:08:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma019775; Mon, 6 Jul 98 16:07:35 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA18030; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 19:29:41 GMT
Message-Id: <199807061929.TAA18030@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 6 Jul 1998 11:27:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: Michael Risk <riskmj@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
cc: "Peter N. King" <peking@mail.asiandevbank.org>,
        Coral Health Monitoring Program <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: tyre reef wrong ?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 388
Much to my dismay, it appears that my message to the Riau COREMAP Team
(copied to Peter King, ADB, and Dr. G. Llewellyn, Resident Advisor of our
Indonesia Project) regarding the use of discarded tires for making
artificial reefs has been inadvertently posted to the general Coral-List.
Perhaps the Administration at my university is right, and I should retire
on the grounds of general infirmity and stupidity.
I apologise to subscribers to the List, for burdening them with yet
another trivial matter. I especially regret any embarrassment I have
caused to Tom Tomascik, a man of boundless energy and impeccable
professional credentials, and one who would never knowingly offend others.
The message was my doing only
I remain firm in my original opinion, however, that tires are an
unsuitable material for constructing reefs. Those who would advocate their
use in coral reef habitats can only be doing so out of ignorance of the
basic research in this area, or from some other agenda.
Mike Risk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 17:37:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA00794; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 17:37:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA24254; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 17:40:41 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024237; Mon, 6 Jul 98 17:40:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA18450; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 21:17:53 GMT
Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA18445; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 17:17:46 -0400
Received: by HUJIVMS (HUyMail-V7d); Tue, 07 Jul 1998 00:17:03 +0300
Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11) (HUyMail-V7d);
          Tue, 07 Jul 1998 00:16:45 +0300
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980707001447.007ad3f0@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
X-Sender: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Tue, 07 Jul 1998 00:14:47 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: zakai david <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Subject: Introduction of exotic marine animals
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 389
Dear All,
Does anyone know of any examples or papers which demonstrate an
introduction of exotic marine animals as a result of release to the near by
sea or lake after keeping the exotic animal as a pet??
Many Thanks, David.
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul  6 19:38:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA01447; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 19:38:11 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA26230; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 19:41:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026222; Mon, 6 Jul 98 19:40:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA18913; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 23:16:16 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA18908; Mon, 6 Jul 1998 19:16:11 -0400
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.43.181]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 0-52496U210000L210000S0V35) with SMTP id AAA18295
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 7 Jul 1998 07:17:46 +0800
Message-ID: <35A15ABD.7D4F@tm.net.my>
Date: Tue, 07 Jul 1998 07:16:13 +0800
From: DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0GoldC-NSCP  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: High Nutrients & Red Tide
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 390
Dear Coral-L,
As many List members have asked for any/all info that I recvd on this
issue, I have so posted this reply.
Don
***********************************************************************
Subject:
        Re: Red Tide Syndrome
  Date:
        Mon, 6 Jul 1998 13:56:35 -0600
  From:
        "Paul Sammarco" <psammarco@lumcon.edu>
    To:
        dbaker@tm.net.my
Dear Don,
My reply follows:
>Can anyone point me to data/pubs about any aspects of red tide
>correlating with high nutrient coastal waters..and coral bleaching?
These are two issues which are documented separately.  See Slobodkin's
early work on Red Tides from the '50's and beyond.
Slobodkin, L.  1952. J. Mar. Res. 12a:  148-155.
Slobodin, L.  1989.  The null case of the paradox of the plankton.  In:
Novel Phytoplankton Blooms:  Causes and Impacts of Recurrent Brown Tides
and other Unusual Blooms, ed. by E.M. Cosper, V.M. Bricelj, and E.J.
Carpenter, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Slobodin, L.  1998.  Akira Okubo and the theory of blooms.  Oceanography
(in press).
With respect to the effects of nutrient increases on corals, see Bassim
(and Sammarco's) recent work.
Bassim, K.M.  1997.  Effects of temperature and ammonium on the early
developmental stagesof a scleractinian coral:  Implications for global
warming and nutrient enrichment.  M.Sc. thesis, Biology, University of
Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA, 51 p.
Bassim and Sammarco (2 ms.'s - one submitted, one in prep.).
>Is there any type of correlation?  High nutrient loads => weaker
>coral/zoxx relationship?
The bottom line here is - yes - there is a relationship - or so we
believe.
This is what our experiments suggest.
>
Best Wishes,
Paul W. Sammarco
-------------------------------------------------
Paul W. Sammarco, Ph.D.
Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium (LUMCON)
8124 Hwy. 56
Chauvin, LA  70344
USA
Tel:    (504) 851-2876
FAX:    (504) 851-2874
email:   psammarco@lumcon.edu
www:    http://www.lumcon.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  8 02:39:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA13543; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 02:39:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA20699; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 02:42:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma020680; Wed, 8 Jul 98 02:41:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA25480; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 05:57:47 GMT
Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA25475; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 01:57:41 -0400
Received: by HUJIVMS (HUyMail-V7d); Wed, 08 Jul 1998 08:56:51 +0300
Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11) (HUyMail-V7d);
          Wed, 08 Jul 1998 08:56:34 +0300
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980708085441.007b5e60@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
X-Sender: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Wed, 08 Jul 1998 08:54:41 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: zakai david <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 391
The question was:
Dear All,
Does anyone know of any examples or papers which demonstrate an
introduction of exotic marine animals as a result of release to the near by
sea or lake after keeping the exotic animal as a pet??
Many Thanks, David.
One of the answers is:
Dear David,
The closest I can get to an introduction of a marine organism used as a pet
is the famous Caulerpa taxifolia released from an aquarium into the waters
of southern France.
Meinesz, A. et al.  1993.  Spread of the introduced tropical green alga
Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranian waters. Journal of Applied
Phycology 5: 141-147
Could you post the replies you recieve on the coral list ?
Simon Wilson
OMAN
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  8 07:07:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA14510; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 07:07:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA22586; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 07:10:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022574; Wed, 8 Jul 98 07:09:48 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA26306; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 10:29:56 GMT
Received: from relay.mail.pipex.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA26300; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 06:29:50 -0400
Received: (qmail 21011 invoked from network); 8 Jul 1998 10:28:56 -0000
Received: from petra.wcmc.org.uk (192.26.45.215)
  by relay.mail.pipex.net with SMTP; 8 Jul 1998 10:28:56 -0000
Received: from wcmc.org.uk (orcinus.wcmc.org.uk) by petra.wcmc.org.uk (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA27610; Wed, 8 Jul 98 11:20:58 BST
Received: from GROUPWISE-Message_Server by wcmc.org.uk
	with Novell_GroupWise; Wed, 08 Jul 1998 11:28:45 +0100
Message-Id: <s5a357ed.000@wcmc.org.uk>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Wed, 08 Jul 1998 11:28:36 +0100
From: Ed  Green <edg@wcmc.org.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral growth rates
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 392
Dear All
Over the last few months the World Conservation Monitoring Centre has been
analysing CITES data to quantify the (legal) global trade in scleractinian
corals. This has been carried out at genus level (although recorded as species
the difficulties associated with identification makes species data unrelaible).
We have data on the average sizes of live and dead corals traded under CITES
permits and wish to estimate the age of the these corals. Twenty genera account
for 90% of the global trade in coral but after an extensive literature search we
have been unable to find growth rates for species in the following genera:
Heliopora
Catalaphyllia
Tubipora
Trachyphyllia
Heliofungia
If anyone knows of references or has information on growth rates in these five
genera please would they contact Ed Green at the address below? Many thanks,
Dr. Edmund Green
Head, Marine and Coastal Programme
World Conservation Monitoring Centre
219 Huntingdon Road
Cambridge
CB3 0DL
United Kingdom
Tel: (44) 1223 277314
Fax: (44) 1223 277136
http://www.wcmc.org.uk:80/marine/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  8 16:10:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA23041; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 16:10:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA28631; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 16:13:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma028602; Wed, 8 Jul 98 16:13:20 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA28515; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 19:37:28 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA28509; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 15:37:19 -0400
From: sobelj%dccmc@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Wed, 8 Jul 1998 15:37:04 -0500
Message-ID: <AB7AA33501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
In-Reply-To: <A37AA33501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Wed, 8 Jul 1998 15:36:29 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Caulerpa taxifolia
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 393
In response to David Zakai's earlier message below:
The Caulerpa taxifolia introduction to the French Mediterranean was
featured in a U.S. National Public Radio piece yesterday and from that
piece it sounds like a very significant exotic species introducation
doing extensive damage.
The question was:
Dear All,
Does anyone know of any examples or papers which demonstrate an
introduction of exotic marine animals as a result of release to the near
by
sea or lake after keeping the exotic animal as a pet??
Many Thanks, David.
One of the answers is:
Dear David,
The closest I can get to an introduction of a marine organism used as a
pet
is the famous Caulerpa taxifolia released from an aquarium into the
waters
of southern France.
Meinesz, A. et al.  1993.  Spread of the introduced tropical green alga
Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranian waters. Journal of Applied
Phycology 5: 141-147
Could you post the replies you recieve on the coral list ?
Simon Wilson
OMAN
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
**************************************************************************
*******************************************
Jack Sobel, Director
Ecosystem Protection
Center for Marine Conservation
Washington, DC  20036
(202)429-5609 or (202)857-5552
Fax: (202)872-0619
Email:  jsobel @cenmarine.com
"The last word in ignorance is the man who says of an animal or plant:
'What good is it?'.  If the land mechanismas a whol is good, then every
part is good, whether we understand it or not. If the biota, in the
course of eons, has built something we like, but do not understand, then
who but a fool would discard seemingly useless parts? To keep every cog
and wheel is the first precaution of intelligent tinkering."
Aldo Leopold, Round River, 1953.
**************************************************************************
******************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 04:13:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA26313; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:13:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA16694; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:16:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016690; Thu, 9 Jul 98 04:16:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA01005; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 07:39:36 GMT
Received: from VMS.HUJI.AC.IL by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA00998; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 03:39:29 -0400
Received: by HUJIVMS (HUyMail-V7d); Thu, 09 Jul 1998 10:38:34 +0300
Received: by HUJIVMS via SMTP(132.64.212.11) (HUyMail-V7d);
          Thu, 09 Jul 1998 10:38:17 +0300
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19980709103602.0079e7a0@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
X-Sender: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 10:36:02 +0300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: zakai david <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Subject: Volunteers wanted
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 394
Dear All,
The Nature Reserves Authority of Israel is seeking for volunteers to work
on projects of marine biology and coastal management.
Qualifications: SCUBA diving license, B ac. or currently attending school,
in marine related science or coastal management.
Period: immediate start, we need you for at least 3 mounts.
We give: accommodation, and transportation at working hours only.
Academic credit: can be arrange
CV + letter of recommendation and field of interest is need to be send my
Email to David Zakai zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il or by mail to the Steinitz
Marine Biology Laboratory,  P.O.Box 469, Eilat, Israel. or to fax No.
+972-7-6374329
=====================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
                  Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il
=====================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 05:31:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA26483; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 05:31:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA17146; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 05:34:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma017142; Thu, 9 Jul 98 05:34:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA01249; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 08:47:46 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA01243; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 04:47:24 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA05049
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 16:39:46 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    9 Jul 98 15:49:03 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 9 Jul 98 15:48:53 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    9 Jul 98 15:48:42 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bacterial Plaque at Coral Reef
Date: Thu, 9 Jul 1998 15:27:00 +0700
Message-ID: <01bdab13$5aa2f800$LocalHost@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_004F_01BDAB4E.0701D000"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 395
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_004F_01BDAB4E.0701D000
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Coral Lister,
My name is M. Taufik Hidayat, I was graduated from Fishery and Marine =
Science Faculty, Riau University, Riau-Indonesia. I'm interesting in =
Bacteriology and coral reef study.=20
I just read an article about a disease of coral reef  caused by marine =
bacteria in Science News June 1998. And I'm very interesting on it. So I =
need more information, articles, literature or any kind of journal about =
that. Could you help me, please.
Thank you very much.=20
M. Taufik Hidayat
Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Programme (COREMAP) Riau
Bappeda TK.I Riau, Pekanbaru-Indonesia
------=_NextPart_000_004F_01BDAB4E.0701D000
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.2110.0"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<DIV>Dear Coral Lister,&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>My name is M. Taufik Hidayat, I was graduated from Fishery and =
Marine=20
Science Faculty, Riau University, Riau-Indonesia. I'm interesting in=20
Bacteriology and coral reef study.&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I just read an article about a <EM><STRONG>disease of coral =
reef&nbsp;=20
caused by marine bacteria </STRONG></EM>in Science News June 1998. And =
I'm very=20
interesting on it. So I need more information, articles, literature or =
any kind=20
of journal about that. <STRONG>Could you help me, please.</STRONG></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Thank you very much.&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>M. Taufik Hidayat</DIV>
<DIV>Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Programme (COREMAP) =
Riau</DIV>
<DIV>Bappeda TK.I Riau, Pekanbaru-Indonesia</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_004F_01BDAB4E.0701D000--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 09:57:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA29174; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:57:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA27818; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 10:00:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma027704; Thu, 9 Jul 98 10:00:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA02283; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 13:28:52 GMT
Received: from gsosun1.gso.uri.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA02277; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 09:28:41 -0400
Received: from nsgd1.gso.uri.edu by gsosun1.gso.uri.edu (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA18150; Thu, 9 Jul 98 09:27:34 EDT
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980709092504.00696e54@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu>
X-Sender: cmurray@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 09:25:04 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Cynthia Murray <cmurray@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu>
Subject: The National Sea Grant Depository
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 396
Hello,
We would like to introduce you to the National Sea Grant Depository (NSGD),
which serves as the archive and lending library for the National Sea Grant
College Program.  Our web site http://nsgd.gso.uri.edu will further
introduce you to our services.  The collection is comprised of
approximately 30,000 books, journal reprints, conference proceedings,
advisory and technical reports, handbooks, maps and many other types of
information not readily available from other sources.  Publications cover a
wide variety of marine subjects, including oceanography, marine education,
aquaculture, fisheries, coastal zone management, marine recreation and law.
You can access this wealth of information through the publications
database, which is searchable online from our site, as well as through the
quarterly "Sea Grant Abstracts" which announces the availability of new Sea
Grant documents. From the NSGD web site you may also link to any of the 29
Sea Grant programs across the country to see what exciting things are
happening in your geographic location.
Once you've located the information you'd like to use, we can assist by
sending loan copies of publications or referring you to the appropriate
source.  There is also a project underway to provide many of the documents
in the collection as full-text pdf files over the internet.  Thank you.
If you'd like additional information please contact us at:
    National Sea Grant Depository
    Pell Library Building
    University of Rhode Island
    Narragansett Bay Campus
    Narragansett, RI 02882-1197
    USA
    (401) 874-6114
    (401) 874-6160 (fax)
    nsgd@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu
    http://nsgd.gso.uri.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 14:34:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA04086; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 14:34:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA16672; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 14:37:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016661; Thu, 9 Jul 98 14:37:19 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA03344; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 18:00:31 GMT
Received: from chickasaw.gate.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA03339; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 14:00:25 -0400
Received: from LOCALNAME (tsmia2-48.gate.net [199.227.186.48]) by chickasaw.gate.net (8.8.6/8.6.12) with SMTP id NAA115582 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 13:59:00 -0400
Message-ID: <35A51FB4.12FC@gate.net>
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 12:53:24 -0700
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
Reply-To: smiller@gate.net
Organization: NURC/UNCW
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0Gold (Win16; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs at Risk continued
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by chickasaw.gate.net id NAA115582
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id OAA04086
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 397
Recent discussions about what can be done to help coral reefs
produced, in my view, many interesting and helpful suggestions.
I think that it is relevant to post NURC/UNCW's research priorities (see
below) for
1999 (proposals are due mid-August) and to make a funding plea to those
people in power at NGOs, foundations, or other philanthropic
organizations.   What can you do to help "reefs at risk?"  Support a
world-class coral reef research program - the largest in the U.S.  All
projects are independently peer reviewed using nationally recognized,
NSF-style, procedures.
It may be unorthodox to use the list-server in this
manner, but we seek outside funding to get more money directly into the
hands of the best scientists to conduct nationally relevant research.
For your
information, scientists working with our program receive, at no cost,
access to our shore-based facility (accommodations and laboratories) and
complete diving support; including boats, divemaster/captain, and air
and nitrox.  Additionally, we provide funding support that averages
about $15,000 per project, which means the overall scope of projects
remains
limited.
I apologize if this "advertisement" or "request" is offensive to anyone
on
the list.  Our research priorities follow.
Regional research priorities, as part of the annual research
announcement by NOAA's National Undersea Research Center at the
University
of North Carolina at Wilmington, in Florida for 1999 include, but are
not limited to, the following areas:
1.  Marine Reserves and other protected areas in the Florida Keys
National Marine Sanctuary:  Research and innovative monitoring programs
are sought to help identify natural and human-caused changes to coral
reefs and nearshore ecosystems in Sanctuary Preservation Areas (SPAs)
and the Ecological Reserve (ER).  SPAs and the ER are managed as
no-take zones, and changes over time and comparisons with reference
areas will be evaluated in the year 2002, when the Sanctuarys entire
management plan is formally reviewed by State and Federal officials.
Traditional monitoring programs are underway for coral community
structure, fishes, and some large invertebrate species (specifically;
conch and lobster).
2.  Nutrient enrichment in the coastal ocean: This initiative addresses
how nutrients (natural and especially sewage- and stormwater-derived)
reach coastal waters and seafloor habitats, and their subsequent impacts
on coastal ecosystems relative to natural sources of nutrient supply
(such as tidal exchange and upwelling).  Questions about water quality
are among the most controversial topics related to evaluating the
condition of coral reefs in Florida, and elsewhere.  Large-scale
(spatially throughout the Keys on a quarterly basis, and more frequently
for Florida Bay) water quality monitoring on a quarterly basis is
underway as part of the Sanctuary and EPA water quality protection
program.
3.  Recruitment processes: Programs are sought that emphasize
economically valuable fisheries, factors that control the survival and
growth of early life stages (especially for corals), and evaluation of
management options (for example, placement and size of reserves) that
rely on recruitment success.  Under this topic two specific initiatives
exist:
     a.  Determination and documentation of spawning events within the
sanctuary.
     b.  Identification of factors that affect recruitment of conch,
lobster and corals within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary;
including, limits to spawning, reproductive behavior, larval supply,
habitat limitation, post-settlement processes and sources of recruits.
Interventions that facilitate and accelerate regeneration or restoration
are high priority (as are experiments to advance knowledge leading to
methodologies for regeneration or restoration).
Additional information is available at:
http://www.uncwil.edu/nurc
Or contact:
Dr. Steven Miller
Associate Director, Florida Program
NURC/UNC at Wilmington
SMiller@gate.net
305-451-0233
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 19:39:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA07414; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 19:39:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA02502; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 19:42:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002394; Thu, 9 Jul 98 19:41:39 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA04364; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 22:52:53 GMT
Received: from tula.cura.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA04359; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 18:52:48 -0400
Received: from cura.net (sub-22ip37.carats.net [209.58.22.37]) by tula.cura.net (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id SAA20578 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 18:51:44 -0400 (GMT-0400)
Message-ID: <35A5479C.1ABFE73B@cura.net>
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 18:43:40 -0400
From: Paul Hoetjes <reefcare@cura.net>
Reply-To: reefcare@cura.net
Organization: Reef Care Curacao
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reefs at Risk
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 398
Dear all,
During the recent discussion of the state of the reefs, several
references were made to the die off of Acropora cervicornis and A.
palmata due to white-band disease. In the whole discussion however, no
mention was made of Montastrea annularis/faveolata. Yet here on the
island of Curacao in the Southern Caribbean (supposedly not getting any
polluted water from the rest of the Caribbean as may be the case in the
Florida region)  we are seeing a frightening amount of dead/partly dead
Montastreas.
During a quarterly reef monitoring program employing triplicate point
intersect line transects, that we (Reef Care Curacao, a volunteer ngo)
have been doing since May 1997, we have found that between 30 and 40 %
and in some cases close to 50 % of Montastrea colonies show recently
dead patches (more than 10 % of colony area). Some of this may be due to
the 1995 bleaching which was very serious here. However we also found
close to 20 % of colonies diseased (in addition to the partly dead
colonies), mostly with  yellow-band/blotch disease, but also rapid
wasting syndrome. Whatever the cause, reefs that were healthy and
unmarked in 1993, look like a disaster area now.
This is the case not only in areas where human impact might be the/a
cause but also in an area far removed upstream and upwind from any
coastal development or pollution sources.
Is Montastrea showing signs of die off elsewhere in the Caribbean or are
we unique in this respect? If so, is our island perhaps in the vanguard
of a new wave of destruction about to sweep through the Caribbean? It
may sound dramatic, but who suspected that most Acroporas in the
Caribbean would disappear when White-band disease first started. By the
way, has any epidemiological analysis ever been made of how white-band
spread and whether that might indicate its origins or vector(s)?
Regards,
Paul C. Hoetjes
Scientific Coordinator, Reef Care Curacao
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 10 15:04:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA16822; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 15:04:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA12822; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 15:07:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma012714; Fri, 10 Jul 98 15:06:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA08622; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 16:55:00 GMT
Received: from hawk.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA08617; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 12:54:56 -0400
Received: from 38.30.141.160 (ipa160.miami15.fl.pub-ip.psi.net [38.30.141.160])
	by hawk.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAB10906
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 09:53:46 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <35A5FDA8.2D86@earthlink.net>
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 1998 11:40:23 +0000
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Macintosh; I; 68K)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Science Assoc/Intern Position
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 399
SCIENCE ASSOCIATE / INTERN
half-time position
Miami, Florida
POSITION DESCRIPTION
			You will work for the Director in our Brickell area office,
			tabulating and analyzing reef survey data, and preparing
			reef survey reports.
HOURS AND COMPENSATION
			20 hours a week, $8.50-$9.50 @ hour.  Monday - Friday,
			schedule to be set according to your needs.
COLLEGE CREDIT
			May be arranged with your professor
ABOUT REEFKEEPER INTERNATIONAL
			We are a non-profit science-based conservation organization
			exclusively dedicated to the protection of coral reefs and
			their marine life.  Our projects include a Caribbean-wide
			reef monitoring program, and ReefCheck survey facilitation.
			For more info, visit our website (http://www.reefkeeper.org)
ASSIGNMENT COMPONENTS
			o review submitted reef survey data sheets
			o tabulate & analyze results from reef survey data sheets
			o conduct library searches for documentation
			o outline and write reef monitoring survey reports  							o
communicate with ReefMonitor Affiliate Groups
			  regarding  survey progress & procedures
REQUIRED SKILLS
			o SUPERIOR written communication skills
			o ability to interpret technical information
			o attention to detail & organizational skills
			o familiarity with coral reef biology and ecology
			o familiarity with Excel
APPLY BY JULY 27 TO:
ReefKeeper International
(305) 358-4600 / fax (305) 358-3030
reefkeeper@earthlink.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 10 15:18:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA17157; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 15:18:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA14149; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 15:21:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014128; Fri, 10 Jul 98 15:21:31 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA08703; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 17:12:29 GMT
Received: from axp1.wku.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA08698; Fri, 10 Jul 1998 13:12:24 -0400
Received: from WKU.EDU (161.6.17.5) by axp1.wku.edu (MX V5.0) with SMTP;
          Fri, 10 Jul 1998 12:11:04 -0500
Received: from ccMail by WKU.EDU (SMTPLINK V2.11.01) id AA900097844;
          Fri, 10 Jul 98 12:06:00 CDT
Date: Fri, 10 Jul 98 12:06:00 CDT
From: "Ouida Meier" <Ouida.Meier@wku.edu>
Message-ID: <9806109000.AA900097844@WKU.EDU>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reefs at Risk
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 400
I appreciated Clive Wilkinson's post of  6 June and wanted to respond.  He stated, among other things:
<<Neither of the 2 parallel strategies (multiple reductionist, or few holistic reef assessments), are wrong, just different ways to obtain information and understanding.  Reefs at Risk is a holistic approach, which must contain errors, but provides testable predictions.  We should work to improve these, not criticise attempts to provide simpler messages for decision makers and the public, thereby smearing over some of the inherent complexity of coral reefs.>>
My earlier remark about network complexity and rigorous thinking (with regard to the Florida discussion) was not intended to imply that we can't leap unless we know the names of all the streets we are flying over - frequently we don't have that luxury or even the necessary tools to trace all the complexities underlying a "big picture." On the other hand, the holistic leaps we take needn't be fatally flawed because of "mushy thinking", of which holistic approaches are often (and often unfairly) accused.  For example, as Clive Wilkinson points out, one mark of a scientifically useful holistic leap is that it leaves behind testable predictions - potential road maps for how two points are connected.
His posting stimulated me to take a closer look at the Reefs at Risk report (http://www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm), and it seems to me that the report is in fact appropriately synthetic without being the product of mushy thinking.  The authors are clear ("Technical Notes") about their data sources, decisions they made to reconcile scales, and criteria used for risk categories for each data set, and they should be congratulated for careful and conscientious completion of a very ambitious task. They also make it clear that their report is a large-scale effort to produce indicators of threats to reefs, not a summary of reef condition. As a first approximation of threats to reefs, and given the kinds of data sets appropriate to the scale they were building up to (e.g., more detailed terrestrial than marine information sometimes available), they've done a superb job, and met their stated goals and claims.
Given this information, the next step is to test predictions against observations. Areas where actual reef conditions are better than or worse than the predicted threats can be examined closely to find second order factors, or practices that overwhelm the level of threat predicted either positively or negatively. I think perhaps the Florida/Caribbean discussion could be considered in that light, not as an attempt to criticize a well-done and very useful piece of work.
Since the whole idea of reductionism vs. holism was specifically raised, I'd like to offer the following metaphor in the event that it may contribute something to our efforts to understand, appreciate, and make use of work that others do at scales of resolution that may be outside of one's usual "workspace."  The structure of the metaphor implies ways of making room for cooperation, multiple perspectives, and multiple approaches in the work we do - which we need and people seem inclined to continue to develop. [If this is becoming too off-topic for you, please accept my apology and delete now.]
A couple of months ago I came to a realization of one way to resolve apparent dichotomies of reductionism and holism, analysis and synthesis, differentiation and integration. I've begun seeing these as positions along a continuum - points or regions along ongoing cycles of exploration, discovery, analysis, synthesis, and integration.  My best simple picture at the moment is that we acquire knowledge and understanding in our discipline, both as individuals and as a group developing a body of knowledge over time, in repeated cycles.  I made an image about it at the time, posted at: http://bioweb.wku.edu/faculty/omeier/ana_syn.htm
The metaphor is basically that of a circulatory system, with paths of flow going from a major vessel, splitting up into branches, then into smaller and smaller vessels, making a finely divided capillary bed, then moving by anastamosis into larger and larger vessels again.  The whole thing resembles a directional network with variation in path width, length, and connection. (There are obvious shortcomings in the drawing, e.g. represents only the surface of the structure. Different advantages to "vessel" and "path" language . . . )
There are some processes and situations that are embraced usefully by this metaphor. For example, people who think of themselves as reductionists work more to develop the finely divided "capillary" regions of detail, precision, and specificity of process and theory.  People who think of themselves as "holists" may spend more time constructing and connecting broader, more aggregated pathways.  Our discipline (any discipline) as a whole accumulates knowledge over time by incorporating discoveries at all levels of resolution, or at all regions of the cycle, repeatedly.  As a collective, we build the body of knowledge - the directional network of information that is the circulating structure - as we go; we hope and believe by our testing that the paths we discover or lay down are firmly supported by reality.
 If we are lucky, in our individual careers we knowingly move through complete cycles of analysis and synthesis. We try to avoid "stagnating" - experiencing no flow, and "getting into a rut" -  traveling one narrow pathway over and over again until it becomes unnecessarily entrenched and rigid. (Without habitually recognizing, examining and integrating "new stuff", we lose our joy and openness to new connections in our work.)  Through time some areas of a discipline become highly vascularized with more work and more able work, while other regions experience decreasing flow as interest, funding or relevance wanes.  Sometimes we work to build depth, connection, and precise detail along partially known pathways (reductionism), and sometimes our efforts are focused on syntheses, broad connections, and generalizations (holism), but clearly these efforts don't just coexist, they feed and depend upon each other.
I wouldn't want to push this metaphor much farther, though there is the heart (driving forces and motivation), and organs (the larger structures we serve -  I'm convinced the world tolerates scientists only because once in a while we are more useful than not). Anyway, for what it's worth . . . .
Ouida
***************************
Dr. Ouida W. Meier
Department of Biology
Western Kentucky University
Bowling Green, KY 42101
ouida.meier@wku.edu
***************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul  9 11:56:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA01668; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 11:56:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA06207; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 11:59:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006189; Thu, 9 Jul 98 11:59:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA02784; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 15:26:56 GMT
Received: from chickasaw.gate.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA02779; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 11:26:52 -0400
Received: from LOCALNAME (tsmia1-118.gate.net [207.36.130.118]) by chickasaw.gate.net (8.8.6/8.6.12) with SMTP id LAA156372 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 9 Jul 1998 11:25:30 -0400
Message-ID: <35A4FBB8.2AD7@gate.net>
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 10:19:52 -0700
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net>
Reply-To: smiller@gate.net
Organization: NURC/UNCW
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0Gold (Win16; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ISRS Homepage
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 401
A homepage is now available for the International Society for Reef
Studies (ISRS):
http://www.uncwil.edu/isrs
The Society was formed in 1980 and membership stands at over 800, from
over 50 countries world-wide.  According to its constitution the
principal objective of the Society is to "promote the production and
dissemination of scientific knowledge and understanding of coral reefs,
both living and fossil."  To achieve its objective the Society holds
annual meetings and co-sponsors other gatherings, prints and distributes
the journal Coral Reefs and an newsletter Reef Encounter; and raises
funds and receives contributions by way of subscriptions and donations.
Information about these activities and more is available on the
homepage.
We look forward to comments, suggestions, and participation.  Please
consider joining the society.
Sincerely,
Steven Miller, Ph.D.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 13 10:50:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06984; Mon, 13 Jul 1998 10:50:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA10438; Mon, 13 Jul 1998 10:53:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010348; Mon, 13 Jul 98 10:53:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA22424; Mon, 13 Jul 1998 13:32:49 GMT
Message-Id: <199807131332.NAA22424@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Glovers Reef Marine Research Station <glover@btl.net>
Subject: Glovers Reef Marine Research Station
Date: Sun, 12 Jul 1998 22:40:47 -0600
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 402
GLOVER'S REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY
P.O. Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
<glover@btl.net>
Glover's Reef atoll and marine reserve is a major component of a general
comprehensive program for coastal zone management for Belize, Central
America.  In a broad sense the reserve was established to maintain
ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, achieve sustainable yields
of its resources through wise management of species and their habitats,
maintain natural areas for education and research and provide social, and
economic benefits through ecologically sensitive recreation and tourism.
Keenly aware of the need to protect this world class resource, the Wildlife
Conservation Society (WCS) purchased the island of Middle Caye, situated at
the southern end of the atoll, for the purposes of  providing  a marine park
headquarters for the Government of Belize and to establish a marine research
field station. This facility and now provides a base of operations for park
rangers and scientists alike.
WCS's over-arching mission is to provide for the long-term conservation and
protection of Glover's Reef atoll. To accomplish this goal, WCS is working
in close collaboration with the government of Belize to develop a
coordinated research and management program for the atoll. WCS's primary
responsibility in this partnership is scientific research. In the coming
years, we hope that the research on Glover's Reef atoll will lead to a
better understanding and management of this coral reef.
The Comparative Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE) program
identified  Glover's Reef as the most preferred site  in the Caribbean for
"long-term, multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional investigation of coral
reef ecosystems" (Dahl, MacIntyre & Antonius. 1974. A  comparative survey of
coral reef research sites. In:  Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll
Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.). The authors reported, "In contrast to the
other reefs surveyed in the Caribbean area, Glover's Reef atoll appears to
offer the greatest variety of reef types, and the optimum reef development
in terms of population density and species diversity of reef corals and
associated organisms". In addition to Glover's Reef, Belize's extensive
barrier reef is 30 km away.
The WCS research station on Glover's Reef atoll is located on Middle Caye.
The present facility includes a ranger station, a laboratory and work area,
dining and cooking facilities (meals are provided), and housing for eight
scientists and/or students (with tents, we can handle a few more if
necessary). There are  boats, aquaria and dive air for the use of
researchers.  The station is completely self-sufficient with electricity
(110 vac) provided by a complementary system of solar power and diesel
generator. Fresh water is available through a desalination plant and
rain-water catchment. Toilet facilities are state-of-the-art pollution-free,
containment composition type.
GLOVER'S REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION is dedicated to support of marine
research and education activities of other non-profit organizations. It
seeks to provide cost-effective facilities and services for field projects
related to these activities. Listed below is a schedule of research projects
scheduled for 1998-99, so far:
SCHEDULED 1998-99 GLOVER'S REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION PROJECTS
(updated July 12, 1998)
Dr. Charles Acosta (party of 4)-June 10 to June 30 (Lobster & Conch biology)
Dr. Liz Graham (party of 5)-----June 17 to June 24 (Insular Archaeology)
Mr. James Azueta (party of 8)--July 4 to July 6 (Reserve Boundary Bouys)
Dr. John Godwin (party of 4)---July 8 to Aug. 12 (Reef Fish Behavior)
Mr. Peter Mumby (party of 2)---July 8 to Aug. 5 (Coral & Algal populations)
Dr Chuck Carr III (party of 5)---Aug. 5 to 9 (Research & Management Seminar)
Mr. Dllan Gomez (party of 4)---Aug. (to be det'd.)(Coral Reef Monitoring)
Dr. Tim McClanahan (party of 8)-Sept. 23 to Oct. 14(Coral & Algal Pop. Dynam.)
Dr. Dennis Thoney (party of 6)-Nov. 4 to Nov. 18 (GIS Database for Algae,
Fish & Coral)
Dr. Tim McClanahan (party of 4)-Dec. 1 to Dec 15 (Coral & Algal Pop. Dynam.)
Dr. Chris Tanner (party of 8)---Jan. 4 to Jan 18 (Chemical Ecology, Sponges
& Plants)
Dr. Dennis Thoney (party of 7)-Jan. 18 to March 15 (GIS Database for Algae,
Fish & Coral)
Dr. David Campbell (party of 10)-March 27 to Apr 2 (Field Course,
Phytosociology studies)
*****************************************************
The Wildlife Conservation Society invites any scientists or students
interested in using the GLOVER'S REEF MARINE RESEARCH STATION  to please
contact Tom Bright (see below) and visit our web site at
<www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html>.
We look forward to assisting you in your research efforts on Glover's Reef.
Please submit as soon as possible, a project proposal (maximum 5 pages, see
attached format) to:
	Dr. Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager
	Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
	Wildlife Conservation Society
	P.O. Box 2310
	Belize City, Belize, C.A.
	Tel/Fax: 501-2-33855 in Belize City
	501-5-22153 at Middle Caye
	E-mail:  glover@btl.net
Use of the Station is solely on approval by the Wildlife Conservation
Society. Your proposal will be reviewed quickly. It is strongly recommended
that the project proposal be submitted first by E-mail, and followed up by
regular mail. We use WORD.
Researchers must also apply to the Belize Fisheries Administrator for a
research permit. The Administrator can be contacted at the following address
for details on how to apply for a research permit, and what the required
fees will be (usually about $250, plus or minus):
	Fisheries Administrator
	Department of Fisheries
	Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries
	P.O. Box 148
	Belize City, Belize, C.A.
	Tel: 501-2-44552, or 501-2-32623, or 501-2-32187
	Fax: 501-2-32982
	Attention Mr. James Azueta, <species@btl.net>
Assuming approval of your project proposal, and acquisition of any required
research permits, we will accommodate your party during the time specified.
Charges will be as follows, in U. S. Dollars:
FOOD and LODGING (per person per day)
  Belize students			$10
  Other students			$30
	over one month		        $25
  Non students
     up to one month, single room	$60
       shared room			$40
     over one month,  single room	$50
       shared room			$30
BOAT USE (prices are plus fuel, gas=$3.00/gal, Diesel=$2.50)
  28 FOOT DIESEL SKIPPERED INBOARD BOAT, WITH CABIN,
    Per Hour			$40
    Half Day			$125
    Full Day			$200
    Overnight			$325
  25 FOOT SKIPPERED SKIFF, TWIN 60 HP GASOLINE OUTBOARDS
    Per Hour			$20
    Half Day			$40
    Full Day			$60
  20 FOOT SKIPPERED SKIFF, 55 HP GASOLINE OUTBOARD
    Per Hour			$15
    Half Day			$25
    Full Day			$50
ONE WAY TRANSPORT (up to 8 + gear), including fuel, between:
  BELIZE CITY and MIDDLE Caye		$325
  DANGRIGA and MIDDLE Caye		$180
DIVING
  Air fills			$4
  Tanks & weights		no charge
  Snorkeling gear		$5
	(we will rent the following only
	if your own gear breaks down):
   Regulator			$5
   BC Vest			$5
BEVERAGES
   Beer				$2.00
   Soda				$1
INTERNET (per hour)		$3
PHONE (use your calling card for long distance)
Upon approval of your project proposal, you will be billed for one fourth of
the total anticipated charges for your group's food and lodging.  When this
is paid, your reservation will be confirmed (the latest you can pay the
deposit is 30 days prior to your project starting date). Prepayment of all
or part of your anticipated fees is acceptable at any time. Fees may be
deposited in a WCS bank account in the U. S., paid by check to WCS in the U.
S. through the mail, or by cash (US or Belize Dollars) or check on the
island. We will transport your party and gear by boat, at the above cost,
from the town of Dangriga or Belize City to Middle Caye and back. Or you may
make arrangements with one of the commercial boat charterers at a rather
higher cost. We can assist you in acquiring commercial charters for the purpose.
All SCUBA divers MUST be CERTIFIED for the type of diving anticipated.
Divers must have a buddy. You cannot depend on one of the island staff for
this.  Divers must bring their own regulators, dive computers, and BC vests.
All divers new to the Station will be checked out by the Station Dive Master
before being allowed to dive. Bring your Dive Log and certification card.
We look forward to a safe and productive field excursion for you at Glover's
Reef.
			Sincerely,
			TOM BRIGHT, Station Manager
******************************************************
FORMAT FOR PROJECT PROPOSAL (5 pages maximum)
TITLE:
PROJECT LEADER, Organization, phone, fax, E-mail
ABSTRACT: One or two paragraphs.
OBJECTIVE(S):
DATES REQUESTED:
METHODS: This is a very important section and should describe your intended
activities in enough detail to allow the Station Manager to determine if
your expectations can be met.
ANTICIPATED PRODUCTS OF PROJECT: Contributions to theses, research papers,
articles, published abstracts, application to management and conservation,
classroom credit, etc.?
PROJECT PERSONNEL OTHER THAN LEADER: list all other persons in your party
who will accompany you as participants in the project. Include their
functions  (co-project leader, student, technician, volunteer, etc.) and
affiliations.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 14 10:50:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA20552; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 10:49:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA26569; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 10:52:55 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma026565; Tue, 14 Jul 98 10:52:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA02106; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 14:06:53 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA02101; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 10:06:45 -0400
Received: from biolpc236.york.ac.uk (biolpc236.york.ac.uk [144.32.84.122])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id PAA15144
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 15:05:21 +0100 (BST)
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 1998 15:05:52 BST
From: Rupert Ormond <rfgo1@york.ac.uk>
Subject: coral bleaching in Indian Ocean
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <ECS9807141552A@york.ac.uk>
Priority: Normal
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by pump2.york.ac.uk id PAA15144
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA20552
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 403
INCREASED CORAL BLEACHING IN THE RED SEA AND INDIAN OCEAN 1997-8
Joyce Hsieh and I would like to thank all coral-listers who responded with
information about recent bleaching in the Indian Ocean and Red Sea to our request
posted on the coral-list earlier this year.  We have been shocked by the extent of
the bleaching revealed from this and other survey work.  We have prepared a
report based on these data, and for those interested a copy is attached (minus
figures) as a Word 6 file.  An abstract of the report is given below.
We would welcome comment and further information prior to publication.
regards
Dr. Rupert Ormond
Senior Lecturer & Director,
Tropical Marine Research Unit,
Biology Department,
University of York,
YORK YO1 5DD  U.K.
----------------------------------
tel: 44-1904-432930
fax: 44-1904-432860
e-mail: rfgo1@york.ac.uk
Abstract. Coral bleaching) resulting in extensive coral mortality  has been reported
with increasing frequency over the last 15-20 years mainly from Caribbean and
Pacific Oceans.  This bleaching has been found to be associated with above
normal maximum surface seawater temperatures (SSTs) typically linked to El Nio
/ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Until now significant bleaching has rarely
been reported from Indian Ocean or Red Sea, but during 1997-8 we received
word-of-mouth reports from divers that bleaching might be occurring on an
unprecedented scale in this region.  We therefore circulated government agencies,
dive centres etc. with an information leaflet and request for information. Over 20
positive reports were received of bleaching in 12 different countries.  These
indicate that significant bleaching occurred in the central Arabian Gulf during 1995
and 1996, and in the central and southern Red Sea in the summer of 1997.
Bleaching also occurred in the Maldives in mid-1997, and again in early 1998,
since when bleaching has also occurred over a large part of the Western Indian
Ocean, including the Seychelles, La Reunion, Comoros and East Africa.  We found
that in almost all cases bleaching was associated with SSTs, as recorded either in
situ and / or derived from satellite data, that were significantly above the normal
maxima for each area. The higher than normal SSTs during 1997/8 appear linked to
the recent El Nio (ENSO) event which has recently been confirmed to influence
Indian as well as Pacific Oceans.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 14 12:15:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA23340; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 12:15:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA02969; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 12:18:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002909; Tue, 14 Jul 98 12:17:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA02890; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 15:54:08 GMT
Received: from netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA02885; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 11:54:04 -0400
Received: from [140.90.116.101] ([140.90.116.101]) by netinfo.hqnoc.noaa.gov with ESMTP (8.7.6/8.7.3) id LAA11087 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 14 Jul 1998 11:47:25 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Tue, 14 Jul 1998 11:47:25 -0400 (EDT)
X-Sender: blrF94@hampshire.edu
Message-Id: <v03007800b1d0f59e2ac3@[140.90.116.101]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ben Richards <brichards@hampshire.edu>
Subject: Censusing of reef invertebrates
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 404
Dear coral-listers -
	Does anyone have information or references for books or papers
discussing surveying techniques for coral reef invertebrate species?  I am
a research assistant who has among his other tasks,  part of the
development of a rapid assessment protocol for a suite of heavily collected
reef invertebrate species (see species list).  Methods currently under
consideration are random belt transects (per AGRA protocols), timed roving
diver surveys, and stationary visual transects.  I have been unable to find
references to methods used specifically for the surveying of reef
invertebrates (there is much on fishes) in the books I have hear.  Any
information you can give would be most appreciated.  The preliminary
species list is as follows:
Giant anemone, Condylactis, gigantea
Sea biscut,
Basket star, Astrophyton spp.
Brittle stars, Ophiocoma spp.
Banded coral shrimp, Stenopus hispidus
Nudibranchs
Coralimorphs, Discosoma spp.
Crinoids
Cyphomae snail, Cyphomae gibbosum
Tulip snail, Fasciolaria tulipa
Benjamin Richards
Research Assistant
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
http://hampshire.edu/~blrF94/index.html    email: brichards@ocean.nos.noaa.gov
"You cannot stay on the summit forever, you have to come down again.
So why bother in the first place?
Just this:
What is above knows what is below, but what is below does not know what is
above.
One climbs, one sees.
One descends, one sees no longer,
	but one has seen.
There is an art of conduscting oneself in the lower regions
by the memory ofwhat one saw higher up.
		What one can no longer see, one can still know."
					- Rene Dumal
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 16 17:29:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA25599; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 17:29:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA10403; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 17:32:17 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma010382; Thu, 16 Jul 98 17:31:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA02485; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 20:02:10 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA02480; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 16:02:07 -0400
Received: (qmail 16166 invoked from network); 16 Jul 1998 20:00:34 -0000
Received: from aszmant2.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant2.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.23)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 16 Jul 1998 20:00:34 -0000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980716155907.00724d18@sammy.rsmas.miami.edu>
X-Sender: ibaums@sammy.rsmas.miami.edu (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Thu, 16 Jul 1998 15:59:07 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Iliana Baums <ibaums@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Field support in the Line Islands
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 405
Dear all,
I am looking for information on field support (scuba diving) in the Line
Islands, Pacific. I need to collect four species of corals (if they can
be found): <italic>Pocillopora damicornis, Pavona gigantea,
Gardineroseris planulata, Porites lobata</italic>. Has somebody
experience with the permitting process? Is their a marine biology field
station around? Is anybody going on a cruise down there in the next three
years?
I would appreciate any hint you could give me.
Thanks a lot,
Iliana Baums
Iliana Baums
Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Causeway		610 16th Street Apt. #2
Miami, Fl 33143				Miami Beach, Fl 33139
USA					USA
Phone: +1 (305) 361-4642			Phone: +1 (305) 535-5194
Fax: +1 (305) 361-4600
email: ibaums@rsmas.miami.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 16 21:59:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA26744; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 21:59:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA13377; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 22:02:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013373; Thu, 16 Jul 98 22:01:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA03517; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 01:04:57 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA03512; Thu, 16 Jul 1998 21:04:46 -0400
Received: from RAZI.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id LAA10946; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:03:09 +1000
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19980717010224.006783f8@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: moconnor@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
X-Priority: 2 (High)
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:02:24 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Mick O'Connor" <moconnor@aims.gov.au>
Subject: BLEACHING DATA - REQUEST.
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 406
HI ALL,
I'M CURRENTLY WORKING ( COLLATING DATA ) AT THE AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF
MARINE SCIENCE FOR 6 WEEKS LOOKING AT THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CORAL
BLEACHING AND NATURAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY - WITH SPECIAL REFERANCE TO THE
ENSO PHENOMENON.
I HAVE HAD GREAT  DIFFICULTY IN COLLATING BLEACHING INFO. I WAS HOPING TO
LOOK AT  RELATIONSHIPS SINCE THE '82 EN. EVENT TO PRESENT, BUT THE BLEACHING
DATA FOR THIS TIME-SPAN ON THE GBR IS SCARCE. HENCE I AM PROBABLY GOING TO
HAVE TO STUDY RELATIONS SINCE THE EARLY 1990'S INSTEAD.
HAS ANYONE.....
1. BLEACHING DATA FOR THE GBR ( OR ANY OTHER PACIFIC ISLAND ) STRETCHING
BACK TO THE EARLY 80's OR DATA FROM THE EARLY 90's???
2. ANY BLEACHING DATA, PERIOD. WHICH MIGHT BE USEFUL. (ANY WEST/CENTRAL
PACIFIC REGION)
WIDE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DATA WOULD BE BEST - BUT ANY LEADS WOULD BE USEFUL!!!
NOTE: THE DATA IS FOR USE IN A DISSERTATION AND WILL BE UNPUBLISHED (REFS.
WILL BE MADE TO DATA SOURCES).
I HAVE HAD REAL PROBLEMS COLLATING DATA AND WOULD APPRECIATE ANY LEADS.
ANY ANECDOTAL EVIDENCE FROM ANY SITE WOULD BE APPRECIATED.
THANKING YOU IN ADVANCE,
MICK.
P.S. - AGAIN THE DATA WILL BE UNPUBLISHED (BUT DATA WILL BE PROPERLY
ACKNOWLEGED).
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE,
TOWNSVILLE,
AUSTRALIA.
TEL: (00 61)(07)4753 4444. ext.230.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 17 01:46:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA27894; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 01:46:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA14989; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 01:49:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014981; Fri, 17 Jul 98 01:48:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA04439; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 05:13:27 GMT
Received: from post.tau.ac.il by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA04434; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 01:13:22 -0400
Received: from sherman-325b.tau.ac.il (sherman325-1.tau.ac.il [132.66.43.226])
          by post.tau.ac.il (8.8.8/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA11996 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 08:09:54 +0300 (IDT)
Message-ID: <35AEDDB5.67B5@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 1998 08:14:29 +0300
From: Maoz Fine <mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
Reply-To: mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Fwd: bleaching of Oculina patagonica]
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 407
Message-ID: <35A52620.9CE@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
Date: Thu, 09 Jul 1998 23:20:48 +0300
From: Maoz Fine <mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
Reply-To: mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: bleaching of Oculina patagonica
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica!!!
Warming of seawater temperature along the Mediterranean coast of Israel
has resulted in a massive bleaching event of the coral Oculina
patagonica.
Bleaching of O.patagonica was first recorded along the Israeli coast in
summer 1993 (Fine & Loya 1995) and explained by a bacterial infection to
which high water temperature was a contributing factor (Kushmaro et al.
1996, 1997).
Like every summer since 1993 we witness this year a high percentage of
bleaching (80-90% of the colonies). The recovery rate of bleached
colonies during winter months is usually high.
Further research concerning the mechanisms by which the pathogenic
bacteria affects the coral-algae symbiosis and its ecological role in
terms of reproduction and recruitment of this scleractinean  is now
conducted in Tel-Aviv University.
Maoz Fine
Tel Aviv University
Israel
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 17 11:29:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA02211; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:29:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA15566; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:32:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma015552; Fri, 17 Jul 98 11:31:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA06514; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 15:02:04 GMT
Received: from scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA06508; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:01:59 -0400
Received: from [38.26.22.73] (ip73.an11-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.22.73])
	by scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id IAA15465
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 08:00:20 -0700 (PDT)
X-Sender: cnidaria@earthlink.net (Unverified)
Message-Id: <l03130301b1d52497dcf8@[38.26.22.115]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 17 Jul 1998 11:02:37 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Response to Dr. Amoz
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 408
Dear Maoz,
Bacterial infection alone cannot account for the spatial or temporal
pattern of these mass bleaching events.  They have always been correlated
with HIGH sea surface temps. I have also seen, in vitro and in situ, corals
expel there symbioant ( zoox.) under temperature decrease.Steen and
Muscatine published a paper regarding "low temperature evokes rapid
exocytosis of symbiotic algae by sea anemone" 1987 in the Biological
Bulletin 172,246-263.
We have seen in countless lab experiments exposing corals to temp increase
and decrease, causing the corals expel the symbioant. Under high
temperature stress the mitotic division rate speeds up as the temperature
rises, and the host starts to expel there symbioant. There seems to be a
host influence on division rates of the cnidarian,  Len Muscatine has shown
us this during a lab experiments in Woods Hole a couple of years ago. He
and colleagues have published a few papers regarding this physiological
response:  One example, Suharsono & BE Brown, J.Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 158
(1992) 179-188.
Coral Reef Bleaching episodes between 1983 & 1991 followed positive
anomalies more than 1C above long term monthly averages "(hot spots)"
during the proceeding warm season  (Goreau, Hayes Ambio Vol. 23 no.3 May
94). Al Strong of NOAA has been watching SST closely. He is comparing the
rise above the norm for that region with EARLY SIGNS of bleaching in the
tropics.
We are seeing more and more bleaching events in the past 2 decades, this is
lowering the metabolic activity (DEFENSES!) of the corals. Areas that are
under stress from pollution, sewage (excess nutrients leading to
eutrophication) and sedimentation, will exhibit longer if no recovery rates
at all.
Deforestation causing the uplifting of the soil is unleashing a wide
variety of microbial communities into the oceans, from rivers.
Aspergillosis is a soil based fungi found in the soil in South American
rain forests, could it be that the microbial loads coming from land are
increasing at such high concentrations be responsible for wide scale
bleaching events? It is possible that  this can be linked to the seafan
mortality, and inducing other coral diseases,  but bleaching??
Yes if there is a high microbial population in the water during the time of
mass bleaching events, the mucus from the corals will be utilized as a food
source by bacteria or fungi. High numbers of gram negs (-) can become
pathogenic, especially if the metabolic activity of the corals is lowered
by stressful conditions like high temps. One of the triggering mechanisms
for zoox. expulsion are the result of: a reduced supply of nutrients
available to the algae from the stressed coral host (Muscatine,
1971;decreased space availability caused by atrophied host tissues, and
secretion of substances by the coral host that produce a hostile
environment around the algae (Jaap, W.C. 1979 Bull. Mar. Sci. 29:414-422.
Could the Vibro AK1 that was identified in that paper increase mitosis thus
causing expulsion as in increased temperature stress during bleaching
events? Reading the paper published in Nature makes no mention, or
comparison of division rates of the zooxanthellae observed in Oculina
patagonica. Vibrios will utilize the mucus that is produced as a definite
nutrient source during increased seas surface temperatures, however, the
responsibility for MASS BLEACHING??
The recovery rates of corals in areas where there is minimal stress from
anthropogenic sources are higher, much higher. After the 95 bleaching event
that hit New Britain (PNG), the corals were in full recovery 8 to 9 months
after the bleaching event. Kimbe Bay is under minimal stress from man.  Has
anyone published a paper comparing undisturbed areas to disturbed?
Good Luck with the experiments!
*******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, NY 11356
Phone/Fax (718) 539-8155
********************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 17 21:08:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA08190; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 21:08:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA09522; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 21:11:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma009511; Fri, 17 Jul 98 21:11:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA08629; Sat, 18 Jul 1998 00:34:12 GMT
Received: from mail.samoa.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA08622; Fri, 17 Jul 1998 20:33:11 -0400
Received: from default ([203.35.212.129]) by mail.samoa.net
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c)
          ID# 0-45225U2500L250S0) with ESMTP id AAF152
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Fri, 17 Jul 1998 13:35:38 -1100
From: "Nicole Horsman" <nhorsman@samoa.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Searching  for Jan Henning Steffen
Date: Sat, 18 Jul 1998 09:43:59 -1100
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <19980718003529564.AAF152@default>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 409
Dear coral-listers,
I am desperately trying to contact Jan Henning Steffen who was working on
the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Project in Sumatra, Indonesia in
1997.
Last I heard, he was based in the Bung Hatta University, Fakultas
Perikanan, Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia up till October 1997.  After that I
think he returned to Germany for a short time but was expected back in
Jakarta to take up a position with the Biodiversity Foundation late 1997
early 1998.
I would appreciate hearing from anyone who knows of his current location
and contact details.  Please use the coral-list address if responding
before the end of July.  If after July, please mail me personally at the
address below.
Thank you
Nichole Horsman
<turan@midwest.com.au>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 20 01:25:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA15134; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 01:24:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA04497; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 01:27:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma004492; Mon, 20 Jul 98 01:27:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA17817; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 04:33:38 GMT
Received: from imo21.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA17811; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 00:33:34 -0400
From: Maikea@aol.com
Received: from Maikea@aol.com
	by imo21.mx.aol.com (IMOv14_b1.1) id 3BSLa12329
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 00:31:18 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <fca7d8ee.35b2c818@aol.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 00:31:18 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: No Subject
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Mac sub 84
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 410
Dear Researchers,
	My name is Chad Treatman.  I am looking to assist Researchers working on
Coral Reef Management, and any pertaining subject.  I have a resume to back my
abilities and hope that there are such positions available.  Please contact me
directly at Maikea@aol.com, (718)238-1825, or by snail-mail at :
Chad Treatman
6676 Sedgwick Place
Brooklyn, NY, 11220
Thank you all
Chad Treatman
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 20 05:57:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA15731; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 05:56:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA05975; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 05:59:59 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005965; Mon, 20 Jul 98 05:59:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA18769; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 09:24:04 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA18763; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 05:23:55 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id RAA00309;
	Mon, 20 Jul 1998 17:14:40 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    20 Jul 98 16:22:51 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 20 Jul 98 16:22:29 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.185) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    20 Jul 98 16:22:27 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health and Monitoring Program" <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Need some posters
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 16:17:07 +0700
Message-ID: <01bdb3bf$2b0adea0$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 411
Dear All,
I am looking for some posters of coralreef for my collection.
That's kind of you, who can help me on it.
Thank's for your kindness.
Romie
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
Mailing address :
Jln. Wijaya Gg. Wijaya No. 80/6
RT. 04 RW. 02 Kel. Kedung Sari (28123)
Riau - Indonesia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 20 08:35:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA16882; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 08:34:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA08834; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 08:37:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma008808; Mon, 20 Jul 98 08:36:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA19280; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 11:28:42 GMT
Message-Id: <199807201128.LAA19280@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sun, 19 Jul 1998 20:17:02 +0300
From: Maoz Fine <mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Response to James Cervino (Bacterial Bleaching of O.patagonica)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 412
Dear James,
Thank you for your message.  your point of view is of graet intereste to
us, and I must say, to answer all your questions we need some more
research time.  Any way, we have tried to gather some of the information
we have so far in order to convince you and the other readers, that at
least in the case of O.patagonica a bacteria is the causetive agent for
bleaching.
	Coral bleaching is generally considered to be a phenomenon caused
by environmental stress, such as increased or decreased seawater
temperatures, increased solar radiation, including ultraviolet radiation,
pollution reduced salinity and combinations of these stresses. The
evidence supporting stress as the cause of coral bleaching is based both
on field studies and laboratory experiments. The field studies involve
correlations between environmental parameters and frequency of bleaching.
The most common factor believed to be responsible for extensive coral
bleaching is elevated sea temperature.  This is particularly important
because of the possible link between coral bleaching and global warming.
How does increased seawater temperature cause coral bleaching? In
principle, there are three possible targets: the coral animal, the
endosymbiotic algae and potential coral pathogenic microorganisms. There
are several reasons to assume that the coral animal is not the prime
target. If the increased temperature affected the coral physiology
directly, then one would expect that genetically identical coral species
exposed to the same temperature stress would all bleach. The possibility
that the endosymbiotic algae is the target of environmental stress,
resulting in coral bleaching, was implied in the adaptative bleaching
hypothesis of Buddemeir and Fautin (1993. Coral bleaching as an adaptive
mechanism. A testable hypothesis. BioScience 43: 320-325.). They suggested
that coral bleaching is a normal regulatory process by which genetic
variation among the zooxanthellae is allowed. Accordingly, increased sea
water temperature would lead to the loss of algae, allowing more
heat-resistant algae to form stable symbioses with the coral. Moreover,
the model of Ware et al (1996. Patterns of coral bleaching: modelling the
adaptivebleaching hypothesis. Ecological Modelling 84: 199-214.)  showed
how the adaptive bleaching hypothesis could explain some features of
bleaching events that are difficult to reconcile with mechanisms based on
invariant temperature tolerances of the two symbiotic partners.  Recently,
it has been shown that corals can host multi-species communities of
symbiotic algae (Rowan, R., N. Kowlton, A. Baker, and J.  Jara. 1997.
Landscape ecology of algal symbionts creates variation in episodes of
coral bleaching. Nature 338: 265-269.). The composition of these
communities followed a gradient of environmental parameters, and an
analyses of the symbionts before and after bleaching suggested that some
corals were protected from bleaching by hosting an additional symbiont
that was more tolerant to the stress condition. It should be pointed out
that the fact that different algae may make corals more resistant to
bleaching does not prove that the algae are the primary target of the
stress condition.
The third possible target for an environmental stress condition leading to
coral bleaching is potential pathogenic microorganisms. It is known that
stress conditions, especially temperature, can cause certain bacteria to
become pathogenic by "turning on" virulence genes (Colwell, R.R. 1996.
Global climate and infectious disease: The cholera paradigm.  Science 274:
2025-2031., Patz, J. A., R. Epstein, A. B. Thomas, and J.  M. Balbus.
1996. Global climate change and emerging infectious diseases.  JAMA. 275:
217-223.,Toren, A., L. Landau, A. Kushmaro, Y. Loya, and E.  Rosenberg.
1998. Effect of temperature on the adhesion of Vibrio AK-1 to Oculina
patagonica and coral bleaching. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:
1379-1384.).We suggest that altering the surface bacterial population by
even small changes in the environmental conditions can lead to coral
bleaching. In the bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica in the
Mediterranean Sea, the causative agent of the coral bleaching disease is
the bacterium Vibrio AK-1 (Kushmaro, A., Y. Loya, M. Fine, and E.
Rosenberg. 1996. Bacterial infection and coral bleaching. Nature.  380:
396., Kushmaro, A., E. Rosenberg, M. Fine, and Y. Loya. 1997. Bleaching of
the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK-1. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.  147:
159-165.) and elevated seawater temperatures cause the bacterium to become
virulent (Toren, A., L. Landau, A. Kushmaro, Y. Loya, and E.  Rosenberg.
1998. Effect of temperature on the adhesion of Vibrio AK-1 to Oculina
patagonica and coral bleaching. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 64:
1379-1384.).
Bleaching of Oculina patagonica in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent surveys
show that O. patagonica is abundant in wide areas along the Israeli coast
of the Mediterranean at a depth range of one to fifty meters. Most of the
bleaching colonies have been found in patchy formations at depths of one
to six meters. Bleaching of O. patagonica was first observed in 1993 and
since then has been continuously monitored. The number of bleached
colonies and the extent of bleaching increases rapidly in the summer
following rising sea temperatures. In each of the years, Mediterranean
seawater temperature off the coast of Israel increased from a minimum of
17=B1 0.2 C in February to a maximum of 29 =B1 0.2 C in August. The
percentage of colonies that showed bleaching increased from a minimum of
less than 10% in February/March to a maximum of 80% in August/September.
The frequency of bleaching began to increase in the Spring when the water
temperature reached 22-25 C and the corals began to recover in the late
Fall when the temperature again dropped below 25 C.
	Vibrio AK-1 is the causative agent of bleaching of O. patagonica.
Koch's postulates were applied to demonstrate that a particular Vibrio
strain, initially referred to as AK-1, was the causative agent of the
coral bleaching disease of O. patagonica (Kushmaro, A., Y. Loya, M.  Fine,
and E. Rosenberg. 1996. Bacterial infection and coral bleaching.  Nature.
380: 396., Kushmaro, A., E. Rosenberg, M. Fine, and Y. Loya.  1997.
Bleaching of the coral Oculina patagonica by Vibrio AK1. Mar.  Ecol. Prog.
Ser. 147: 159-165.). First, the microorganism was found to be present in
all 28 diseased (bleached) corals examined and absent in all 24 healthy
corals examined. Second, the bacterium was obtained in pure culture. The
bacterium was identified as a new species of Vibrio by classical
biochemical tests, fatty acid profile and 16S rDNA. Third,=20 pure
cultures of Vibrio AK-1 caused the bleaching disease in controlled aquaria
experiments. As few as 120 bacteria caused 83% of the corals to bleach in
20 days at 29 C. None of the corals that were not inoculated with bacteria
showed any signs of bleaching. Fourth, addition of antibiotics to the
aquaria completely blocked the Vibrio AK-1 induced bleaching.
	The effect of temperature of V. shiloi induced coral bleaching. As
mentioned above, bleaching of O. patagonica in the Mediterranean Sea is
correlated with increased seawater temperatures. To examine if Vibrio AK-1
infection of O. patagonica is also temperature regulated, a series of
aquaria experiments were performed at different temperatures. No bleaching
occurred at 16 C. At 20 C, bleaching was slow. At 25 C and 29 C, bleaching
was rapid and extensive, reaching 80% and 100%, respectively, after 45
days. No added bacteria controls showed no bleaching at all four
temperatures tested. Thus, a similar pattern of temperature dependence on
bleaching was observed in laboratory infection experiments and in field
observations.
	In the case of adhesion of Vibrio AK-1 to O. patagonica, the
process is both bacteria-specific and host-specific (Toren, A., L. Landau,
A.  Kushmaro, Y. Loya, and E. Rosenberg. 1998. Effect of temperature on
the adhesion of Vibrio AK-1 to Oculina patagonica and coral bleaching.
Appl.  Environ. Microbiol. 64: 1379-1384). Approximately 80% of the input
Vibrio AK-1 cells adhered to the O. patagonica in 6 h, whereas several
other marine bacteria failed to adhere to the coral. Several lines of
investigation indicated that adhesion of Vibrio AK-1 to O. patagonica
involved a b-D-galactoside-containing receptor on the coral surface.
First, 50 =B5m methyl-b -D-g-alactopyranoside completely inhibited
adhesion, whereas several other sugars tested had no effect on the binding
of Vibrio AK-1 to O. patagonica. Second, addition of methyl-
b-D-galactopyranoside solutions to the coral, after the bacteria were
allowed to adhere for 6-12 h, resulted in desorption of the bacteria from
the coral surface. Addition of the inhibitor after 12 h did not release
the bacteria, indicating that Vibrio AK-1 had become irreversibly
associated with the coral.
	The discovery that the causative agent of the bleaching of the
coral O.  patagonica is the bacterium Vibrio AK-1 and that the infection
is temperature regulated, raised four major questions:
1. How general is the phenomenon? Are bacteria the causative agents of
coral bleaching in other parts of the world? If so, which bacteria are
involved?
2. How do environmental factors, such as changes in sea water temperature
and radiation trigger the infection?
3. How is the disease transmitted?
4. What are the mechanisms by which bacterial infection causes the loss of
the endosymbiotic algae?
Regarding the first question - there have been a few studies that show
changes in the bacterial population of corals following bleaching events
(Ritchie, K.B., J.H. Dennis, T. McGrath, and G.W. Smith. 1994. Bacteria
associated with bleached and nonbleached areas of Montastrea annularis.
In: Kass L. (ed) Bahamian field station. Prof. 5th Symp. Nat. Hist.
Bahamas, San Salvador, Bahamas, p. 75-79., Upton, S.J., and E.C. Peters.
1989. A new and unusual species of Coccidium (Apicomplexa,
Agamococcidiorida) from Caribbean scleractinian corals. J. Invert. Pat.
47: 184-193. However, except for the Vibrio AK-1 / O. patagonica
interaction, there have been no demonstrations that the bacteria
associated with the bleached corals are the causative agents of the
disease.
	The fact that bacteria are the causative agents of at least
certain coral diseases does not diminish the critical importance of
environmental factors and their effect on the disease process. Thus, it is
important both to discover the causative agents for coral diseases and to
study the effect of environmental factors on the pathogen/host
interaction.
Regards
Maoz Fine
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 20 14:32:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA24192; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 14:30:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA02386; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 14:34:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma002351; Mon, 20 Jul 98 14:33:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA20821; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 17:59:35 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA20816; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 13:59:31 -0400
Received: from uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu ([128.171.44.6]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148362(3)>; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 07:57:23 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix1.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <17265(2)>; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 07:57:11 -1000
Date: 	Mon, 20 Jul 1998 07:57:09 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix1
To: Maoz Fine <mfine@ccsg.tau.ac.il>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Response to James Cervino (Bacterial Bleaching of O.patagonica)
In-Reply-To: <199807201128.LAA19280@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980720075555.18549A-100000@uhunix1>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 413
Maoz: I am curious as to what the possibilities are to the fourth
question i.e. why/how do the bacteria cause the coral to bleach??
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 20 21:33:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA27199; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 21:33:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA14460; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 21:37:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014454; Mon, 20 Jul 98 21:36:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA22482; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 00:42:50 GMT
Received: from imo11.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA22477; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 20:42:46 -0400
From: Maikea@aol.com
Received: from Maikea@aol.com
	by imo11.mx.aol.com (IMOv14_b1.1) id 3RIGa06494
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 20 Jul 1998 20:40:42 +2000 (EDT)
Message-ID: <3fad8eb3.35b3e38c@aol.com>
Date: Mon, 20 Jul 1998 20:40:42 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: No Subject
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Mac sub 84
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 414
My apologies for my vagueness in my last posting.  I was posting looking for
research assistant positions, or assisting professors studying Coral Reef
Ecology and problems on Reefs.  I hold a BA in Biology from Oberlin College in
Ohio, and have been actively volunteering for a little over a year now at
several places in the United States.  I also have done several months of
research during summers in Coral Reef Managemeny, namely on bleaching effects,
reproduction, and growth. At this point, I am looking for a paying "job" in
the field, or to further my studies in Grad work.  As I asked in my previous
posting, is there anyone who needs a knowledgable assistant to assist in Coral
Reef Research.  Appreciation to those that did answer, but I realize that i
needed to be more specific, so i am reposting.
Please Contact me with any information at 'Maikea@aol.com'
Thank You
Chad Treatman
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 21 04:13:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA28331; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 04:13:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA16632; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 04:16:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016626; Tue, 21 Jul 98 04:16:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA23757; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 07:31:51 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA23750; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 03:31:43 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id PAA13792;
	Tue, 21 Jul 1998 15:22:25 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    21 Jul 98 14:30:23 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 21 Jul 98 14:29:51 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.184) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    21 Jul 98 14:29:41 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health and Monitoring Program" <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Information of International Fund
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 14:22:47 +0700
Message-ID: <01bdb478$5c984480$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 415
Dear all,
We are the NGO called "Laksana Samudera" in Pekanbaru, Riau - Indonesia.
and concern on marine science and ecosystem.
We would like to know about the information of international foundation
fund.
Any body can hel us ?
Thank for your information
Sincerelly yours
Romie Jhonnerie
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 21 08:23:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA29784; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 08:23:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA22331; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 08:26:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma022316; Tue, 21 Jul 98 08:26:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA24769; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 12:04:52 GMT
Message-Id: <199807211204.MAA24769@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: rfu@ifs.se
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 10:51:09 +0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: IFS Research Grants
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 416
THE INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION FOR SCIENCE - CALL FOR RESEARCH GRANT
APPLICATIONS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRY SCIENTISTS WORKING IN THE FIELD
OF AQUATIC RESOURCES
The International Foundation for Science (IFS) provides support to
young scientists of merit in developing countries by awarding
research grants and providing grantees with additional services such
as travel grants and purchasing assistance=2E
Within the scope of Aquatic Resources, projects can relate to
research dealing with the ecology and sustainable management of
aquatic resources=2E Simple surveys should not be included=2E Project
proposals dealing with aquaculture research, ie site selection,
selection, breeding, rearing, and nutrition of cultivable organisms,
and disease control are invited=2E Relevant research in fisheries,
aquatic biology and ecology, environmental impact including coastal
zone management, and ecology of species and ecosystems can be
proposed in applications=2E =20
Research grants are awarded up to a maximum value of USD 12,000 for a
period of one to three years and may be renewed twice=2E They are
intended for the purchase of equipment, expendable supplies, and
literature=2E Applicants must be citizens of, and carry out the
research in, a developing country (countries in Europe, including
Turkey and Cyprus, or the former Soviet Union, do not qualify for
support)=2E They should also be employed at a university or national
research institution in a developing country=2E As well as being under
the age of 40 (under 30 for applicants from China) and at the start
of their research career, candidates must possess a higher academic
degree, which should be at least an MSc or equivalent=2E=20
The IFS supports projects dealing with the management, use, and
conservation of biological resources and their environment=2E The
Foundation organizes its activities into six Research Areas, viz
Animal Production, Aquatic Resources, Crop Science, Food Science,
Forestry/Agroforestry, and Natural Products=2E=20
For further information and application forms in English or French
write to:=20
IFS, Grev Turegatan 19, S-114 38 Stockholm, Sweden
Fax: +46-8-54581801     Email: info@ifs=2Ese  Website: www=2Eifs=2Ese
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 21 13:06:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA05896; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:06:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA11948; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:09:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma011860; Tue, 21 Jul 98 13:08:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA25979; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 16:40:02 GMT
Received: from mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA25973; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 12:39:44 -0400
Received: from localhost (browndr@localhost)
	by mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id MAA10356
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 12:37:41 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 12:37:41 -0400 (EDT)
From: "D.R. Browne" <browndr@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: shrimp pond wastes
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980721123328.9135A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 417
I am having difficulty tracking down wastewater treatment methods and
technologies for the treatment of shrimp pond effluent and wastes.  In
particular we are interested in methods to degrade/treate chitin wastes
and were wondering if a fermentation process was possible.  This is with
respect to coastal tambaks in Indonesia.
Any information or references would be greatly appreciated.
David.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
David R. Browne				tel. 905-525-9140 x24513
School of Geography and Geology		fax  905-522-3141
McMaster University 			email: browndr@mcmaster.ca
Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 21 13:57:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA06726; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:57:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA14466; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 14:00:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma014440; Tue, 21 Jul 98 13:59:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA26260; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 17:42:10 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA26254; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:41:46 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id NAA01544; Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:39:13 -0400
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 13:39:13 -0400
Message-Id: <199807211739.NAA01544@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Re: Bleaching "Hotspots"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, J.McManus@cgnet.com,
        eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net,
        hank.r.frey@noaa.gov, wwilmot@nodc.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980721123328.9135A-100000@mcmail.CIS.McMaster.CA
	>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 418
HotSpot Notes   July 21, 1998
NOAA satellite data shows "HotSpots" and related coral reef bleaching appears
to be on the increase again, after a brief drop in intensity during the past
month.  Ocean surface temperatures are becoming "near-critical" for potential
bleaching in the following areas in the western hemisphere:
     - much of the Gulf of Mexico [Texas Flower Gardens?]
     - northern Caribbean
     - the Bahamas
     - south of Bermuda
Bleaching appears to be continuing at the following eastern hemisphere
locations:
     - Cambodian coast -- central South China Sea -- N. Philippines
     - portions of the Red Sea
     - areas in the southern Persian Gulf
     - portions of eastern Mediterranean [bleaching reported off Israel]!
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 22 05:32:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA12693; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 05:32:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA06114; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 05:35:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma006110; Wed, 22 Jul 98 05:35:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA29173; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 08:01:46 GMT
Received: from wwfgate.wwfnet.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA29168; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 04:01:34 -0400
Received: by wwfgate.wwfnet.org; id JAA10427; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 09:59:26 +0200 (MET DST)
Received: from wwfsmtp.wwfnet.org(10.99.30.12) by wwfgate.wwfnet.org via smap (3.2)
	id xma010416; Wed, 22 Jul 98 09:59:17 +0200
Received: from WWF-Message_Server by wwfnet.org
	with Novell_GroupWise; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 09:57:25 +0200
Message-Id: <s5b5b785.056@wwfnet.org>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Wed, 22 Jul 1998 09:57:00 +0200
From: Susan Wells <SWells@wwfnet.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: jwt@banff.net, ANTON.FERNHOUT@wwfnet.org, Sylvie.Goyet@wwfnet.org,
        david@wwfvn.org.vn
Subject: Bleaching in Vietnam
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 419
This is a small observation to add to the depressing list of sites affected
by bleaching in Asia.  I have just come back from Vietnam where I saw
major bleaching on reefs in the Con Dao Islands, which lie about about
200 km south of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)  and 80 km off the Mekong
Delta.  I dived at 2 sites (to a maximum depth of about 15m) and
snorkelled at 3 other sites.  At all localities there was extensive bleaching
(I would estimate over 70% - considerably worse than my only other
experience of a major bleaching event which was Belize in 1995), at all
depths and in most species.  Some of the bleached colonies were
already being overgrown by algae.  The water was noticeably warm.
The reefs had some of the most impressive coral growth that I have
seen for sometime, but had already been badly damaged by Typhoon
Linda in November 1997.  Con Dao National Park was established as an
MPA in 1991, and WWF-Indochina has been working on a turtle
conservation project there since 1995.  Currently WWF and HK
University of Science and Technology are collaborating on a
DANIDA-funded Marine Biodiversity Project to provide training and advice
to park staff on how to manage the park.
I also dived twice at Hon Mun Island (further north, off the coast at Nha
Trang), the site of a proposed marine protected area.  Here, I observed
no bleaching and the water was noticeably cold, apparently due to a
well documented adjacent upwelling.
I snorkelled very briefly in Halong Bay (right in the north of the country)
and did not observe any bleaching here, although I only saw a small area
of reef.  Much of Halong Bay is a World Heritage Site.
I would urge anyone going to Vietnam to contact the National Institute of
Oceanography (at Nha Trang), the WWF-Indochina office (in Hanoi) or
Con Dao National Park if they are able to help check the situation out in
more detail.
Sue Wells
Marine Programme Co-ordinator
WWF International
Switzerland
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 22 09:46:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA15093; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 09:46:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA16231; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 09:49:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma016198; Wed, 22 Jul 98 09:49:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA00396; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 13:28:26 GMT
Message-Id: <199807221328.NAA00396@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Ana Marie Alcantara" <hapalcan@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 21 Jul 1998 14:09:55 PDT
Subject: Dynamite fishing in Philippines
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 420
Dear Sir/Madam:
We are a beach resort owner in the Philippines and we have a problem
with local community. They had been using dynamites for fishing and as
well as throw waste around the seashore. We tried to educate them (since
most of them are uneducated) with the consequences of dynamite fishing
and as well as gave them free toilet bowls for them to poop but
nevertheless they don't care. We tried so hard to help them improve
their lifestyle but couldn't figure out on how to tickle these people.
Do you have any suggestions on how will we prevent these people on using
these dynamites and reducing waste around our community? We need public
support and we cannot improve our  market in our resort if they don't
help us. I am very much aware of what is happening to our environment
now and concerned with the coral reefs. I want to prevent the coral reef
of an island near our resort too. Is there any group of people in the
Philippines who cares for the environment (coral reefs in general)?
Thank you very much.
Sincerely,
Ana Marie Alcantara
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 22 19:08:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA24896; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 19:08:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA18381; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 19:11:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma018375; Wed, 22 Jul 98 19:11:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA01774; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 22:37:58 GMT
Received: from u003sys.nzz.ch by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA01769; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 18:37:54 -0400
Received: from n003sys0.nzz.ch ([194.40.214.210]) by u003sys.nzz.ch
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with ESMTP id AAA17665
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:41:04 +0200
Received: from p030rol0.nzz.ch ([194.40.227.87]) by n003sys0.nzz.ch
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with SMTP id AAA183
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:42:24 +0100
Received: by p030rol0.nzz.ch with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BDB5D3.29C5D5C0@p030rol0.nzz.ch>; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:45:17 +0200
Message-ID: <01BDB5D3.29C5D5C0@p030rol0.nzz.ch>
From: t.flueck@nzz.ch (Flueck Thomas)
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef-status on Maldives
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:44:06 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA24896
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 421
>From July 3 to 18 we investigated  maldivian coral reefs in the north of the Ari atoll. When we arrived there, bleached corals could already be seen from the plane. When we left the archipelago two weeks later, bleached corals could hardly be observed from this  bird's-eye view.
In between we checked seven reefs, using 100 meter transect lines in 4 and 10 m depth. According the methods of  Reefcheck98 we recorded the substrate. The provisional results are sad: More than 95% of all hard corals (mostly Acropra sp.) were dead and covered with algae. Porites sp. colonies were bleached up to 100%. All Fungia and Herpolita were bleached. Leather corals e.g. Sinularia sp.  were bleached up to 100%. Sea-anemones were bleached as well... and so on.
Below a depth of 15 m living colonies were found here and there.
During the investigations the number of bleached corals decreased whereas the number of algae-covered colonies increased. The degree of filamentous algae- and siltation-covering increased rapidly.
The same situation is reported from 6 other teams working on North- and South-Male atoll in the same period.
Here are the questions we would like to post:
1.	Is it reasonable to assume that large scale  factors as global-warming and  CO2-increase brought these systems to a critical point and that local factors as eutrophication (probably  due to increasing number of tourist resorts) tilt them?
2.	How do you rate the chance for these reefs to recover?
3.	If there is a chance for recovery, how long does it take?
4.	Do you know references describing similar situations?
We look forward to hearing your comments.
Thomas Flueck
Dipl. phil. II
Editor NZZ Online (http://www.nzz.ch)
Neue Zuercher Zeitung
Switzerland
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 00:20:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA26228; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:20:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA21957; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 00:23:57 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma021953; Thu, 23 Jul 98 00:23:50 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA02689; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 03:28:16 GMT
Received: from weblock.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA02684; Wed, 22 Jul 1998 23:28:12 -0400
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.106.184]) by weblock.tm.net.my
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1 release PO203a
          ID# 0-52496U210000L210000S0V35) with SMTP id AAA17352
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 23 Jul 1998 11:38:05 +0800
Message-ID: <35B6AF19.6A02@tm.net.my>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 11:33:45 +0800
From: DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0GoldC-NSCP  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Resorts & Blast Fishing
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 422
Subject:
           Re: Dynamite fishing in Philippines
      Date:
           Thu, 23 Jul 1998 11:31:54 +0800
      From:
           DBaker <dbaker@tm.net.my>
        To:
           Ana Marie Alcantara <hapalcan@hotmail.com>
References:
           1
Ana Marie Alcantara wrote:
>
> Dear Sir/Madam:
>
> We are a beach resort owner in the Philippines and we have a problem
> with local community. They had been using dynamites for fishing and as
> well as throw waste around the seashore. We tried to educate them (since
> most of them are uneducated) with the consequences of dynamite fishing
> and as well as gave them free toilet bowls for them to poop but
> nevertheless they don't care. We tried so hard to help them improve
> their lifestyle but couldn't figure out on how to tickle these people.
> Do you have any suggestions on how will we prevent these people on using
> these dynamites and reducing waste around our community? We need public
> support and we cannot improve our  market in our resort if they don't
> help us. I am very much aware of what is happening to our environment
> now and concerned with the coral reefs. I want to prevent the coral reef
> of an island near our resort too. Is there any group of people in the
> Philippines who cares for the environment (coral reefs in general)?
>
> Thank you very much.
>
> Sincerely,
> Ana Marie Alcantara
*******************************************************************
Hello Ana Marie,
Though you may be receiving some interesting replies from Coral-L, I
would like to reply from my very own "hands-on experience", whereas, I
have been the resident ecologist/biologist/aquaculturist for Gayana
Resort Bay Sdn. Bhd. / Kota Kinabalu/ Sabah, Malaysia for some 3 years
now.
I have attained limited success in:
        *       The establishment of a 7sqkm marine life sanctuary that
                includes a 3sqkm mangrove area.
        *       Stopping the use of explosives & cyanide in this
                sanctuary and the nearby reefs by 1 km buffer from the
                sanctuary.
        *       Educating the local nearby villages as to why their
                fish catches are much better outside the sanctuary.
How did we attain this?    We have employed about 30% of the Resort
staff from these nearby villages. [Ladies as housekeepers, dishwashers,
and beach cleaners - men as maint. staff and also beach cleaners] We
have also under our hire one of the village elders as head of security.
This effort is to win their support & loyalty to the Resort and the
Sanctaury by their employ....and direct involvement with the Resort's
development.  Sort of like having them part & parcial of the facilities
operations in a more possessive manner to these villagers.  This
certainly may seem to be over simplifying it..but it has worked.
Initially, as an American, I was "ugly" to the villagers that would
bomb/blast the reefs 2 km away from the sanctuary...taking pictures and
then having a fishermen swinging a machete at me ..at the Resort.  He
was trying to feed his little children.  If I took the photo to the
police, he gets thrown in jail, beat up, and his children go hungry and
have to beg off other families.  Difficult to Deal with indeed. So, I
eventually chilled out. I only insisted, through the village elder
security chief at the Resort, that, "please, no bombs or cyanide in or
next to the Sanctaury.  You will catch more fish. Please be patient."
They villages seem to respect this approach much better.  The fishermen
even bring the pretty aquarium fishes to the Project aquariums.....
With the solid waste trash that floats onto our beach and from Resort
ops,  [90% plastics] we collect and compress into large gabion net cages
[used for construction, etc.], outer coat/line with concrete and sink in
70 ft of water off shore in the effort to establish an artificial reef
and further enhance local fisheries yields.
As this Resort is also an "education" for its Malaysian owners, one of
the most important waste features coming from the Resort is septic
graywater & blackwater discharge.  We are now installing a unique
hydroponic treatment system to address this waste.  Concurrent changes
will also be made with soap constiuents [sodium chg to potassium base]as
well.
For the villagers themselves, direct educational "correction" and even
police action will not work. It was initially tried at Gayana in
1994/95.  One of the first recommendations I made, when I came on board,
was to hire a few of the villagers as housemaids and restaurant
dishwashers.  It evolved thereafter into what we have today.
I also am the director of The Reef Project.  This facility and effort is
part of the theme that sustains the Resort.  We have a large public
building complete with a Hall/Forum [50pax seating] for evening video
movies about coral reefs, etc.  The other part of the Project [raceways,
labs, dive locker] is mariculture & rehabilitation research and
development of giant clams, corals, and high value marine aquarium
fishes. And, Yes, we employ two local villagers at this Project as well.
Please feel free to contact me direct with questions & recommendations
requests on any matters for your Resort.
Sincerely,
Don E Baker
Director & Founder
THE REEF PROJECT
Pulau Gaya / 88000 Kota Kinabalu
G16 Wisma Sabah
Sabah, Malaysia
[reefprj@hotmail.com & reefprj@tm.net.my]
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 01:49:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA26444; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 01:49:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA24176; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 01:53:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024172; Thu, 23 Jul 98 01:52:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA03140; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 05:19:16 GMT
Received: from apollo.dkis.co.jp by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA03135; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 01:19:10 -0400
Received: from orion.heartweb.ne.jp (orion.heartweb.ne.jp [202.219.47.66]) by apollo.dkis.co.jp (8.7.4+2.6Wbeta6/3.4W4) with ESMTP id OAA18043; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 14:15:59 +0900 (JST)
Received: from cd07 ([202.219.47.88]) by orion.heartweb.ne.jp (8.8.5+2.7Wbeta5/3.5Wpl598032316) with ESMTP id OAA06596; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 14:16:05 +0900 (JST)
Message-ID: <35B6C96F.54B900C1@wwf.or.jp>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 14:26:07 +0900
From: abemariko <abemariko@wwf.or.jp>
Organization: WWF Japan
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [ja] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Ana Marie Alcantara <hapalcan@hotmail.com>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Dynamite fishing in Philippines
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
References: <199807221328.NAA00396@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-2022-jp
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 423
Hi, Ana Marie Alcantara
> Is there any group of people in the
> Philippines who cares for the environment (coral reefs in general)?
I am a staff of WWF Japan. I think you should make contact with WWF
Philippines at Quezon City.
Their contact numbers are;
tel: 632-921-2905/433 3220-22
fax:632-426-3927
e-mail: kkp@mozcom.com.
I hope above info helps.
Can I ask which resort/island is that ? The Philippines is one of my
favorite dive site.
Regards,
Mariko Abe
WWF Japan
--
****************************************************
WWF Japan $B!J:b!K@$3&<+A3J]8n4p6bF|K\0Q0w2q(J
$B")(J105-0014$B!!El5~ET9A6h<G(J3-1-14$B!!F|K\@8L?@V1)66%S%k(J6F
Tel$B!'(J03-3769-1713$B!!(JFax$B!'(J03-3769-1717
e-mail$B!'(Jabemariko@wwf.or.jp
http://wwfjapan.aaapc.co.jp/
$B#W#W#F#J<+A3J]8n<<!!0BIt??M};R(J
****************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 02:19:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA26574; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 02:19:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA24955; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 02:23:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma024942; Thu, 23 Jul 98 02:22:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA03268; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 05:59:32 GMT
Received: from engine2.dhivehinet.net.mv by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA03263; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 01:59:25 -0400
Received: from LOCALNAME ([202.1.193.65]) by engine2.dhivehinet.net.mv
          (post.office MTA v1.9.3 ID# 0-16330) with SMTP id AAA10239;
          Thu, 23 Jul 1998 10:59:12 +0500
Message-ID: <35B76862.3E56@dhivehinet.net.mv>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 09:44:18 -0700
From: wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv (William Allison)
Organization: Coral Reef Research and Management
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02E-KIT  (Win16; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
CC: Jason Rubens <reefmonitor@eureka.lk>, mati@dhivehinet.net.mv
Subject: Maldives bleaching
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 424
To put Maldives bleaching in perspective:
Thomas Flueck's recent posting on Maldives implies bleaching damage is
worse than it is. The surveys were mostly or all post-main event (April
May) so there is no way of discriminating between pre-bleaching and
bleaching period mortality. Mortality of Acroporas was very high, but it
was not as bad as implied.
Sincerely,
Bill
--
William (Bill) R. Allison (MSc, MBA)
Coral Reef Research and Management
Ma. Maadheli
Majeedhee Magu
Male 20-03
MALDIVES
ph 960 32 9667 (direct)
fx 960 32 6884 (voice, fax)
e-mail: wallison@dhivehinet.net.mv
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 14:35:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA03757; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 14:35:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA29526; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 14:38:30 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma029519; Thu, 23 Jul 98 14:38:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA06825; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 17:47:04 GMT
Message-Id: <199807231747.RAA06825@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 23 Jul 1998 13:31:37 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: The Great "Reefs At Risk" Debate
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 425
Because of the many valuable comments that were generated recently on
coral-list in response to the publication of the WRI publication, "Reefs
at Risk," I have compiled all those comments into one document which may
be accessed at the following URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/rr_thread.html
(The document does not include some of the acerbic comments near the end
of the thread, nor my misspelled "Diatribes" follow-up message!)
For more information on the book, please see:
	http://www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 15:50:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA05137; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 15:50:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA05989; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 15:53:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma005978; Thu, 23 Jul 98 15:53:33 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07282; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 19:08:30 GMT
Message-Id: <199807231908.TAA07282@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: rrresort@dhivehinet.net.mv (Reethi Rah Resort)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Check 98 Maldives Statement
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 00:13:53 +0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 426
Reef Check 98 Maldives
False information about the Maldivian Reef Check on the Internet
It has come to our attention, that you have received information about =
the findings of the Reef Check 98 Maldives going on at this moment. The =
source implies that all the coral reefs in the Maldives are to 95% dead =
and that coral bleaching is responsible for this situation. Also it =
implies, that this statement was issued by the project management =
responsible for the Reef Check 98 Maldives.=20
To this we state: The information you have received, is false and not =
authorized by the Reef Check 98 Maldives project management.=20
As there are still teams working in the Maldives, the scientific data =
collected has not yet been evaluated. Therefore there is no basis for =
speculations about the status of the reefs of the Maldives. Since the =
studies took or are taking place only in the North Male and the Ari =
Atoll there is also no basis for a general statement on the status of =
the Maldivian coral reefs.
The idea of the Reef Check Project as we perceive it is to collect as =
much data as possible to generate an overview of the status of coral =
reefs worldwide. The method allows a general overview but is not aimed =
at describing or explaining short-term dynamic processes.
The project management of the Maldivian Reef Check is aware of these =
facts and therefore cannot accept false and unauthorized statements of =
this kind. We advise you therefore, to ignore any information on the =
findings of the Reef Check 98 Maldives not issued by the project =
management.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 23 23:00:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA07934; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 23:00:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA13991; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 23:03:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.0)
	id xma013986; Thu, 23 Jul 98 23:03:20 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA08983; Fri, 24 Jul 1998 02:24:06 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA08978; Thu, 23 Jul 1998 22:23:59 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA28865;
	Fri, 24 Jul 1998 10:22:05 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    24 Jul 98 09:30:08 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 24 Jul 98 09:30:01 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    24 Jul 98 09:29:50 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        "Coral Health and Monitoring Program" <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>,
        "Ana Marie Alcantara" <hapalcan@hotmail.com>
Subject: Re: Dynamite fishing in Philippines
Date: Fri, 24 Jul 1998 09:20:00 +0700
Message-ID: <01bdb6a9$8f7e76c0$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 427
Dear Ana Marie
I do not know who in Philippina representatif to help you.
But I reed Mariko Abe, that is good idea. WWF can be help you.
I will compose how to manage this problem and send you leter.
we have same problem. And that is our job to clear it.
at now we have a program: "community base management" to clear the "boom"
problem.
Ok, I Apologiza because just it I can help you for a while.
I promise to send you the management.
Fadil Nandila
-----Original Message-----
From: Ana Marie Alcantara <hapalcan@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 22 Juli 1998 20:50
Subject: Dynamite fishing in Philippines
>Dear Sir/Madam:
>
>We are a beach resort owner in the Philippines and we have a problem
>with local community. They had been using dynamites for fishing and as
>well as throw waste around the seashore. We tried to educate them (since
>most of them are uneducated) with the consequences of dynamite fishing
>and as well as gave them free toilet bowls for them to poop but
>nevertheless they don't care. We tried so hard to help them improve
>their lifestyle but couldn't figure out on how to tickle these people.
>Do you have any suggestions on how will we prevent these people on using
>these dynamites and reducing waste around our community? We need public
>support and we cannot improve our  market in our resort if they don't
>help us. I am very much aware of what is happening to our environment
>now and concerned with the coral reefs. I want to prevent the coral reef
>of an island near our resort too. Is there any group of people in the
>Philippines who cares for the environment (coral reefs in general)?
>
>Thank you very much.
>
>Sincerely,
>Ana Marie Alcantara
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 24 14:10:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA07521; Fri, 24 Jul 1998 14:10:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA19081; Fri, 24 Jul 1998 14:16:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019079; Fri, 24 Jul 98 14:16:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA12369; Fri, 24 Jul 1998 17:29:17 GMT
Message-Id: <199807241729.RAA12369@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 24 Jul 1998 11:30:27 -0400
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Sustainable Sea Announcement
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 428
At http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/sse.html, or at the anonymous FTP
site ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/fgbnms/, you will find an
announcement of an opportunity for collaboration with the National
Geographic Society's Sustainable Seas Expeditions, a five-year,
public-private effort to use manned submersibles to explore the coastal
waters of the United States, with emphasis on the nation's National Marine
Sanctuaries.  The project team is requesting proposals for collaboration,
but has tried to simplify the submission process as much as possible by
requesting completion of short forms that contain the information needed
to select collaborative projects.  All projects conducted during the
Sustainable Seas Expeditions, even those previously identified by the
sanctuaries as high priority projects, will be required to submit
completed forms.
To help us meet the deadline of the review process, please do not to wait
for the deadline to submit this information, if possible.  Also please
feel free to disseminate this announcement in electronic or hard copy
format.
Dr. Steve Gittings, Science Coordinator
NOAA Sanctuaries and Reserves Division
SSMC-4, N/ORM2, Rm. 11535
Silver Spring, MD 20910
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 28 10:44:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA07796; Tue, 28 Jul 1998 10:44:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA14159; Tue, 28 Jul 1998 10:49:57 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014099; Tue, 28 Jul 98 10:49:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA01261; Tue, 28 Jul 1998 13:56:02 GMT
Message-Id: <199807281356.NAA01261@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 28 Jul 1998 09:54:05 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Reef Monitoring Protocols
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 429
For your convenience, a list of some coral reef assessment protocols has
been compiled at:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/methods.html
We realize the list is not complete and would appreciate whatever feedback
you may have.  So far, this is what we have:
     The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network's
     Protocols for Coral Reef Monitoring
     The Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment's
     Rapid Assessment Protocol and RAP Data Template. (This is the
     preliminary protocol. The revised protocol will appear soon.)
     The Caribbean Coastal Marine Productivity (CARICOMP)
     Programme's
     Methods Manual for Coral Reef Communities
     The Reef Check 1998's
     1998 Reef Check Core Methods (including how to post results)
     A Manual for Monitoring Coral Reefs with Indicator Species:
     Butterflyfishes as Indicators of Change on Indo-Pacific Reefs, by
     Michael P. Crosby, Ph.D. and Ernst S. Reese, Ph.D. (You must
     have an Adobe Acrobat PDF reader to view this document.)
     Guidelines, Handbooks and Tools for Coral Reef Management,
     by Sue Wells.
~~~~
If you have any comments or additions, please address them to the CHAMP
WebMaster, Gina Morisseau-Leroy at gmoriss@aoml.noaa.gov.
	Cheers...
	JCH
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 29 09:47:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA19851; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 09:47:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA03606; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 09:53:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003571; Wed, 29 Jul 98 09:52:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA06974; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 13:05:52 GMT
Message-Id: <199807291305.NAA06974@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1998 11:40:57 +0400
From: Olivier Tyack <otyack@intnet.mu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Moorings
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 430
Dear coral-list,
We are seeking technical informations about moorings.  These moorings are
to be implemented inside the lagoon in 2-5 meters.  We are seeking for
different type of solution, because some of them are to be on sand and
some directly in the reef.
If ever you can help us or orientate us please do so.
Regards,
Olivier TYACK
President
Mauritius Marine Conservation Society
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 29 10:53:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA20584; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 10:53:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA07052; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 10:59:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007035; Wed, 29 Jul 98 10:58:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA07273; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 14:15:50 GMT
Received: from master.interplanet.com.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA07267; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 10:15:43 -0400
Received: from fatima (digital186.allways.com.br [200.223.41.186])
	by master.interplanet.com.br (8.9.0/8.8.7) with SMTP id LAA21753
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 29 Jul 1998 11:25:21 -0300
Message-ID: <35BF91E7.51E5@interplanet.com.br>
Date: Wed, 29 Jul 1998 11:19:35 -1000
From: "Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente Ltda." <bma@interplanet.com.br>
Reply-To: bma@interplanet.com.br
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Information on coral reef transplantation
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 431
Dear all
Does anybody know about any information regarding transplantation of
corals from one place the other? If this was ever attempted, I would be
very interested in obtaining some information.
Regards
Pablo Cotsifis
Biomonitoramento e Meio Ambiente
Salvador - Bahia
E-mail: bma@interplanet.com.br
Phone: 00 55 71 247 4993
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 30 07:48:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA00760; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 07:48:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA15773; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 07:53:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015762; Thu, 30 Jul 98 07:53:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA12081; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 11:12:45 GMT
Received: from post.mail.demon.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA12076; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 07:12:42 -0400
From: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
Received: from (coralcay.demon.co.uk) [158.152.27.181]
	by post.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 1.82 #2)
	id 0z1qdQ-0002CC-00; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 11:12:37 +0000
Received: from ws5.coralcay.demon.co.uk (ws5.coralcay.demon.co.uk [192.168.70.14])
	by coralcay.demon.co.uk (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA13336
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 12:12:35 +0100
Message-Id: <199807301112.MAA13336@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <ccc@server.coralcay.demon.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 1998 12:24:07 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Job opening with Coral Cay Conservation
X-Confirm-Reading-To: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
X-pmrqc: 1
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v2.53/R1)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 432
Coral Cay Conservation (CCC)
Opening: Project Scientist
An experienced postgraduate marine biologist is sought for the
position of a Project Scientist (PS) to oversee CCC's field research
programme in the Philippines.  CCC is a UK based non-profit
organisation which provides resources for the protection and
sustainable use of coastal environments.
The main duties of the PS are to oversee and co-ordinate the ongoing
CCC coral reef research programme under basic expedition conditions.
This includes supervision of other science staff, teaching marine
ecology and identification to diving non-biologist volunteers and
local counterparts and co-ordination of the survey work conducted.
Other aspects of this position are data management, reporting on
scientific activities, developing institutional links and representing
CCC at meetings and conferences.
The position of PS is a six month non-salaried post based in the
Philippines starting on the 15th September 1998.
Candidates are required to have:
-a postgraduate qualification (preferable PhD level) in a relevant
subject,
-extensive coral reef research experience in the Indo-
Pacific region,
-good working knowledge of Indo-Pacific fish, coral
and invertebrate families and species,
-competence in computing,
-good organisational skills,
-excellent communication and presentation skills,
-excellent interpersonal skills.
The selection process for this post is ongoing and there are also
positions available in 1999 in the Philippines (contact Maria Beger)
and in Belize (contact Shonagh Whithey).
Further information on CCC's work can be obtained from our website:
http://www.coralcay.org/
Please apply in writing or by e-mail to:
Maria Beger, Assistant Science Co-ordinator, Coral Cay Conservation,
154 Clapham Park Rd, London, SW4 7DE, UK, ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
--
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.  154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)171 498 6248         Fax: +44 (0)171 498 8447
E-Mail: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk | "Providing resources for the protection and
WWW:    http://www.coralcay.org/ |  sustainable use of coastal environments."
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 30 08:59:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA01446; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 08:59:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA19737; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 09:04:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019693; Thu, 30 Jul 98 09:04:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA12732; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 12:57:46 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA12727; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 08:57:42 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id IAA22475 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 30 Jul 1998 08:57:39 -0400
Date: Thu, 30 Jul 1998 08:57:39 -0400
Message-Id: <199807301257.IAA22475@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching Notes -- Bermuda?
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 433
"Comments" posted today at [repeated below]:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
Observations appreciated...
Al Strong
HotSpot Notes   July 29, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef bleaching appears
to be moving into the reefs of Bermuda for the first time since 1994.
SSTs over much of the Gulf of Mexico continue to hover close to critical levels,
especially near the Texas Flower Gardens.
In the eastern hemisphere:
     SSTs have inched upward a bit further in the Arabian Gulf and bleaching
would now appear to be widespread, as was seen in 1996.
     The large HotSpot around northern reefs of the Philippines still shows no
signs of shrinking.
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 31 11:41:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA22278; Fri, 31 Jul 1998 11:41:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA19308; Fri, 31 Jul 1998 11:47:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019296; Fri, 31 Jul 98 11:46:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA18544; Fri, 31 Jul 1998 15:28:17 GMT
Message-Id: <199807311528.PAA18544@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Melissa Jones" <Greenforce.melissa@btinternet.com>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Survey Team Available
Date: Fri, 31 Jul 1998 15:37:02 +0100
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 434
Are you aware of a coral reef survey project which could make use of a
fully equipped survey team free of charge?
Greenforce is a Registered Non-profit Making Organisation and a member of
the British Council for Voluntary Organisations. We arrange biodiversity
survey projects world-wide, including coral reef surveys. Greenforce is
self-financing and offers its services to host country institutions free of
charge. Our survey teams are led by qualified scientists and experienced
dive leaders, assisted by groups of research assistants. We provide all the
equipment necessary to conduct the survey, much of which is donated to the
host country on completion of the survey. All our diving operations are
conducted in accordance with UNESCO=92s Guidelines for Scientific Diving.
We are currently conducting a three year survey of the Yaduataba island
reefs on behalf the National trust for Fiji, who will use our data to
formulate a sustainable management plan for the area, and to support their
application to have Yaduataba island recognised as Fiji=92s first World
Heritage Site.
We intend to start another reef survey next July and are currently seeking
a suitable project. Our preference is to work on behalf of a host country
institution which lacks the recourses or manpower to conduct a survey
itself. All we ask in return for conducting the survey is help with
obtaining the necessary visas and research permits for our survey team.
Because of the capital cost of equipment, we prefer long-term projects of
three or more years.
I=92d be interested to hear any suggestions or proposals, and would be
pleased to answer any questions regarding Greenforce and our work. You can
learn more about us from our website www.btinternet/~greenforce.
Regards
Jonathon Tully
Marine Projects Co-ordinator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  4 07:31:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA24116; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 07:31:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA02273; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 07:37:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002270; Tue, 4 Aug 98 07:37:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA07040; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 10:55:00 GMT
Message-Id: <199808041055.KAA07040@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 4 Aug 1998 06:51:47 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Online Directory of Researchers
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 435
Greetings,
	We are currently updating our Online Directory of Coral Reef
Researchers (see http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/directory.html) to a
more appealing format.  If you wish to be listed, but have not yet
registered, or if you wish to make corrections, please send the following
information to lagoon@coral.aoml.noaa.gov:
Name:
Title:
Institution:
Address Line 1:
Address Line 2:
Address Line 3:
City:
State or Province:
Country:
Business Phone:
Business Fax:
E-mail:
Other info: (Add up to, say, 20 lines, if you'd like.)
Your name will be added soon.
Many thanks!
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  4 08:55:43 1998
Return-Path: <astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA24906 for <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 08:55:42 -0400 (EDT)
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA06010; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 09:01:23 -0400
Received: from orbit34i.wwb.noaa.gov(140.90.197.234) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005978; Tue, 4 Aug 98 09:00:50 -0400
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id IAA07125; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 08:58:35 -0400
Date: Tue, 4 Aug 1998 08:58:35 -0400
Message-Id: <199808041258.IAA07125@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching - GofMex & Keys?
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 436
High SSTs appear to be starting their southward trek [1990/95?].  Potentially
high SSTs and associated bleaching conditions have recently been in the vicinity
of the Flower Gardens and are now [8/4] again back in the waters of the northern
Bahamas and Florida Keys.  SSTs have been high enough to have caused some
bleaching around Bermuda...
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/hotspotw.8.4.1998.gif
Anyone with verification [positive/negative]??
Cheers,
Al Strong
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  4 11:42:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA28511; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 11:42:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA16363; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 11:47:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016329; Tue, 4 Aug 98 11:47:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA08447; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 15:14:51 GMT
Message-Id: <199808041514.PAA08447@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 04 Aug 1998 10:26:44 -0400 (EDT)
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Bleaching - GofMex & Keys?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 437
Thanks.
It is rather interesting that we started off very hot in June and we thought
that we would see an early bleaching episode in the keys.  To date, the
bleaching has been minor.  What is happening is perhaps an accommodation. Time
will tell.   Walt
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  4 21:38:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA05834; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 21:38:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA18345; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 21:44:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018325; Tue, 4 Aug 98 21:43:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA00386; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 01:28:36 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA10783; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 21:08:17 -0400
Date: Tue, 4 Aug 1998 21:08:17 -0400
Message-Id: <199808050108.VAA10783@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 30829 invoked from network); 5 Aug 1998 01:07:46 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 5 Aug 1998 01:07:46 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>,
        coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Bleaching - GofMex & Keys?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 438
Water temperatures inshore in the upper Florida Keys have been over 32 oC
while on the offshore reefs they've been ca. 30.5 oC.  There is severe
bleaching (white as a sheet) on the inshore patch reefs (The Rocks ca. 90 %
bleached except for Siderastrea, Hens and Chickens ca. 50 %), while the
offshore reefs have very little or no bleaching.   Bleaching of the inshore
corals began in mid-June and I expect some of these to die.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  4 22:18:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA06050; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 22:17:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA19784; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 22:23:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019737; Tue, 4 Aug 98 22:23:09 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA01068; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 02:19:04 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA01063; Tue, 4 Aug 1998 22:18:57 -0400
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id KAA23507;
	Wed, 5 Aug 1998 10:12:40 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    5 Aug 98 09:17:35 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 5 Aug 98 09:17:06 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    5 Aug 98 09:17:04 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut (BPPL)" <bppl@jakarta.wasantara.net.id>,
        "Coral Forest" <Coral@igp.apc.org>,
        "Dr. Mohammad Kasim Moosa" <coremap@indo.net.id>,
        "Gayatri Lilley" <glilley@wwfnet.org>,
        "ICLARM Manila" <iclarm@cgnet.com>,
        "Tim -Yan CHAN" <tychan@ntou66.ntou.edu.tw>,
        "Tim Skewes" <Timothy.Skewes@marine.csiro.au>,
        "Manoj shivlani" <mshivlani@rsmas.miami.edu>,
        "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Stomatopod Literature
Date: Tue, 4 Aug 1998 14:13:54 +0700
Message-ID: <01bdbf77$704315a0$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 439
Dear All,
    I am looking for books or literatures about Stomatopod, expeciallly on
Family Gonodactylidae and Genus Gonodactylaceus. I have been preparating
some research on Stomatopod Living in Paparan Sunda ( West Indonesia ).
    And I need some contact  address for : R.B Manning ( who had been
conducting research about Stomatpod ). Thank you very much for your
information.
WIJAYANTO
COREMAP-BAPPEDA TK.I RIAU
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug  5 16:38:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA17717; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 16:38:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27038; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 16:43:54 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026976; Wed, 5 Aug 98 16:43:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA05122; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 20:30:54 GMT
Received: from sargasso.bbsr.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA05117; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 16:30:49 -0400
Received: (from chale@localhost)
	by sargasso.bbsr.edu (8.9.0/8.9.0) id RAA09313;
	Wed, 5 Aug 1998 17:30:15 -0300 (ADT)
Date: Wed, 5 Aug 1998 17:30:15 -0300 (ADT)
From: Christopher Hale <chale@sargasso.bbsr.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Reef Protection Legislation Graduate Project
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980805172921.8971E-100000@sargasso.bbsr.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 440
Dear Sir or Madam:
I am current enrolled in a joint Juris Doctor/Master of Environmental
Management degree program at Duke Univeristy.
For my Masters Project, I am consulting with the Bermudian government and
the Bermuda Biological Station for Research in the hopes of putting
together a comprehensive coral reef protection legislative package.
Currently, it is legal to anchor on coral reefs in Bermuda.  A general
prohibition on reef anchoring will be proposed as well as a system of
moorings.
Additionally, there exists no provision in Bermudian law to allow for the
public recovery of damage to coral reefs resulting from ship groundings.
I know that you have had extensive experience with coral reefs. I hope that you may
be able answer the following questions or at least put me in contact with
individuals who could do so.
1.  Does your jurisdiction have a system of moorings for divers? How is
it codified? How much does it cost to operate?  Please outline some of the
technology used.
2.  In your opinion how much is a square meter of coral reef worth?
3.  Can restoration work? What are the various technological methods? How
much do they cost? Which work best? worst?
4.  Does your jurisdiction have a system for the recovery of damage to
reefs. Can you think of any other persons/resources that would be helpful in
determining the value of a coral reef for a government natural damage
resource recovery purposes?
5.  Can you cite any references that deal with both primary and/or secondary
damage to coral reefs that stem from anchor damage or ship groundings?
Forgive my ignorance if I have left out any obvious, yet important questions.
I will only be here in Bermuda for one more week.  Your timely
response to any or all of the questions is greatly appreciated.
I can be reached by phone at 441-297-1880 ext.625, by fax 441-297-8143,
and by electronic mail <<ch2777@student.law.duke.edu>> or
<<chale@sargasso.bbsr.edu>>.  Thank you for your help.
Please feel free to forward this message to any potentially interested party.
Yours truly,
Christopher Hale
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug  5 17:50:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA18978; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 17:50:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA00664; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 17:56:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000654; Wed, 5 Aug 98 17:56:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA05427; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 21:46:22 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA05422; Wed, 5 Aug 1998 17:46:15 -0400
From: uksda@kupang.wasantara.net.id
Received: from kupang.wasantara.net.id (kupang.wasantara.net.id [202.159.76.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id FAA07248
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 05:42:09 +0700 (JAVT)
Date: Thu, 6 Aug 1998 05:42:09 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from KUPANG/SpoolDir by kupang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    6 Aug 98 06:03:49 +0800
Received: from SpoolDir by KUPANG (Mercury 1.40); 6 Aug 98 06:03:32 +0800
Received: from UKSDA (202.159.76.184) by kupang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    6 Aug 98 06:03:29 +0800
X-Sender: uksda@kupang.wasantara.net.id (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re : Journal
Message-ID: <5F172FF1631@kupang.wasantara.net.id>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 441
Please share us the e-mail address  of the editor  via this mailing list.
Thank you
===================================
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Listers,
I am trying to obtain the e-mail of the editor of the Journal of Marine
Pollution, can any one help?
=========================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug  6 10:48:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA28290; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 10:47:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA20328; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 10:53:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020220; Thu, 6 Aug 98 10:53:02 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA09287; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 14:39:52 GMT
Message-Id: <199808061439.OAA09287@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 05 Aug 1998 10:18:32 -0400 (EDT)
From: Brian Keller MARA 305/289-2330 <KELLER_B@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Marine Pollution Bulleting
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 442
If you mean Marine Pollution Bulletin, the editor is Charles Sheppard,
University of Warwick:
sh@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk
Brian D. Keller
The Nature Conservancy of the Florida Keys
keller_b@epic7.dep.state.fl.us
===================================
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Dear Listers,
I am trying to obtain the e-mail of the editor of the Journal of Marine
Pollution, can any one help?
=========================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug  6 15:27:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA03209; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 15:27:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA08042; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 15:33:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008038; Thu, 6 Aug 98 15:33:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA10704; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 19:26:14 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA10699; Thu, 6 Aug 1998 15:26:11 -0400
Date: Thu, 6 Aug 1998 15:26:11 -0400
Message-Id: <199808061926.PAA10699@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 6031 invoked from network); 6 Aug 1998 19:25:30 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 6 Aug 1998 19:25:30 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: <MScherck1@aol.com>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Re: Coral spawning in Florida Keys
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 443
Since I've had a flurry of inquiries these past 2 weeks, thought I'd post
this best guess for coral spawning in Florida for this year:
Acropora palmata:  Aug 9 (low probability), 10 & 11 (last 2 high
probabilities), beginning ca. 10 pm to ca. 11 pm
Montastraea annularis morpho group:  Aug 13 (low prob.), 14 and 15 (highest
prob.)  from ca 9:30-11 pm (M. franksi) and from 10:30 pm to midnight (M.
faveolata and annularis).
They could wait for the Sept cycle or we may have a split spawn this year,
but based on the last 5 years, this is my best guess.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug  8 05:19:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA20596; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 05:19:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA15166; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 05:24:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015163; Sat, 8 Aug 98 05:24:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA05933; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 09:07:27 GMT
Received: from gate.sinica.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA05927; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 05:07:15 -0400
Received: from [140.109.48.206] ([140.109.48.206])
	by gate.sinica.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id RAA13920
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 8 Aug 1998 17:06:21 +0800 (CST)
X-Sender: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Message-Id: <v03007805b1f1bb34a6b5@[140.109.48.206]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Sat, 8 Aug 1998 17:13:44 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Allen C. Chen" <cac@sinica.edu.tw>
Subject: Update of PSA-Intercongress: ecology and conservation of coral
 reef in the Pacific
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 444
Dear Coral-listers,
For those who are still interested in participating the PSA-Intercongress,
Ecology and conservation of coral reef in the Pacific",  15-22 November,
1998 in the Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, I would like to announce the
update information:
(1) Deadline of submitting abstract and registration have been postponed to
15 August. Due to limit space of conference rooms in the insititue of
Zoology, Academia Sinica, oral presentations of invited speakers (overseas
+ local) have already filled in the time schedule of the 3-day conference.
Therefore all of other participants will be encouraged to present in the
format of poster. The size of poster is: 90 cm (high) X 120 (width).
(2) The topics of invited speakers are listed as follow:
Overseas speakers:
Jeremy Jackson(Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute)
---------to be announced
J.E.N. Veron (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australia)
---------Reticulate evolution: the alternative paradigm
Nancy Knowlton (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, U.S.A)
---------to be announced
Charles Birkeland (Marine Lab., Univ. of Guam, U.S.A.)
---------Why some reefs recover and others do not?
Terrence Hughes ( James Cook University, Australia)
----------Large-scale processes on coral reefs
Terry Done (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australia)
---------Performance indices for management of coral reef ecosystems
Richard Grigg ( Univ. of Hawaii, U.S.A.)
---------Holocene coral reef accretion in Hawaii: a function of wave
exposure and sea level history
Robert Rowan (Marine Laboratory, University of Guam  U.S.A.)
----------How do coral-algal symbioses cope with environmental challenges?
Angela Douglas (Univ. of York, U.K.)
-------- Zooxanthellae in corals: does molecular diversity matter?
Howard Choat ( James Cook University, Australia)
---------Herbivory by fishes on coral reefs: does it occur, and is
important if it doesn't?
Eddy Gomez (Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines,
Philippines)
---------to be announced
Dr. Bette Willis (James Cook University, Australia)
---------to be announced
Prof. Yehuda Benayahu (Tel Aviv University, Israel)
---------to be announced
Fu-Shiang Chia (Uni. Alberta, Canada)
--------Coral reef conservation: from interlectural discoveries to
population movement
Local speakers:
Chang-Fang Dai (National Taiwan University)
--------Reproductive isolation and genetic variation of a scleractinian
coral, Mycedium elephantotous
Keryea Soong (National Sun Yat-sen University)
--------Spatial patterns of coral recruitment at Nanwan Bay,  Southern Taiwan
Chaolun Allen Chen (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica)
--------Genetic diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates in cnidarians from
southern Taiwan
More topics of local invited speakers will be announced laterly.
Cheers, Allen
Allen C. Chen, PhD
Assistant Research Fellow
Institute of Zoology
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
Ph: 886-2-2789-9549
Fax: 886-2-2785-8059
E-mail: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 10 07:48:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA27972; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 07:48:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA13155; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 07:54:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013146; Mon, 10 Aug 98 07:53:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA16045; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 11:31:36 GMT
Message-Id: <199808101131.LAA16045@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: <yajari@hotmail.com>, "Alan E.Strong" <astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov>
Subject: bleached photo at zero degree for you
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 17:47:30 +0700
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 445
[coral-list moderator's note:  attached figure must be retrieved
  from sender directly, as attached figures are too large for
  processing through coral-list]
Dear Coral-listers
When I was helping Michael Risk team (McMaster University..... haze
impact....) to take sampled porites lobata in Senayang-Lingga Island, I had
take a picture of bleaching event there.
I didn't observed a temperatur of water surface, just taked a picture.
I hope Oceanography LIPI- Indonesia will reporting the scientific
measurement . I know its importent for all us hwo care about global
bleaching.
in Fisheries & Marine Science of Riau University (where I have been studing)
the graduete student need some information about this phenomenon. a lot of
us not yet using E-mail and Internet. So they push me to publish the
coral-lister debating/notice/experience of bleaching event.
so, with coral lister pleasure,  I will compose the
debating/notice/experience of bleaching event and to translating in
Indonesian speach.
I will publish this book at mid september 1998.
If you taked a picture when you abserved the bleaching, I offer to barter
with mine.
I will compose your picture into the my book
so if you don't mind that your photo to complete my writen, I hope you fill
this form (for a titlle of figure photo):
genus :...
photographer :...
coordinate :....
temperature/turbidity :....
date/time : ....
nearest Island :...
short discription of your experience/observered :...
notice : I will compose not for scientific book or observasion report. But
with this book I will motivating an environmentalists/NGOs/students to using
internet/ E-mail for alternative information management.
both of this photo I taked in Kentar Island, Kepulauan Riau district, Riau
Province- Indonesia.
(approximatly: 00degree 01minute North//104degree 45 minute East)
                    (((((contact me if you will using this photo)))))
Thanks,
coral rehabilitation and information
management Team
      sgn
Fadil Nandila
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
add/office:
COREMAP-BAPPEDA TK I RIAU
Jalan. Cut Nyak Dhien, Pekanbaru
Riau - Indonesia.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 10 07:48:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA27984; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 07:48:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA13157; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 07:54:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013147; Mon, 10 Aug 98 07:53:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA16049; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 11:31:39 GMT
Received: from arwen.unibe.ch by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA16037; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 07:31:30 -0400
Received: from ubecx01 (actually ubecx01.unibe.ch) by arwen with smtpL;
          Mon, 10 Aug 1998 13:24:27 +0200
Received: from zosok1240.unibe.ch by ubecx01.unibe.ch (PMDF V5.1-10 #21734)
          with SMTP id <0EXH004D61AKKH@ubecx01.unibe.ch>
          for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov;
          Mon, 10 Aug 1998 13:30:20 +0200 (MET DST)
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 13:32:57 +0200
From: Zdenk Vapenik <zdenka.vapenik@zos.unibe.ch>
Subject: coral bleaching on Maldives
X-Sender: vapenik@ubecx01.unibe.ch (Unverified)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-id: <3.0.5.32.19980810133257.007a5950@ubecx01.unibe.ch>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Content-type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA27984
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 446
Dear coral-listers
>From 26. June to 11. July 1998 I made part of a scientist team collecting
data on Maldivian reefs in the South Male Atoll.
We observed severe coral bleaching all over the area (their occured
bleaching on the reef tops but also on the slopes of the outside reefs).
Other groups of our team reported the same from other islands in the Ari-
and Male-Atolls.
We have been told by local diving guides that high temperatures (over 30C
up to 30m depth) were observed from April to June 1998.
Here the most importent observations we made during our field work:
- Sinularia sp. was 100% bleached (with black stripes)
  (closely related Sarcophyton sp was not bleached)
- Acroporidae, Fungidae, Platygyra sp. were 60-80% bleached
- bleaching of Porites less than 60%
- giant clam (Tridacna sp.) were often partially bleached and very slow in
closing motion when disturbed
- many anemones (Heteractis) were bleached
- many of the bleached corals were already overgrown with filamentous algae!
Who made similar observations in other parts of the Maldives and who can
send us recent temperature data from this area?
 Comments and questions about our work are welcome
Cheers
         Reto Wyss, Zdenka Vapenik, email: vapenik@zos.unibe.ch
         MARINE BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION, Switzerland
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 10 12:31:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA03754; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 12:31:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA03066; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 12:37:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003017; Mon, 10 Aug 98 12:37:06 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA17410; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 16:30:33 GMT
Received: from u003sys.nzz.ch by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA17405; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 12:30:28 -0400
Received: from n003sys0.nzz.ch ([194.40.214.210]) by u003sys.nzz.ch
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with ESMTP id AAA6577
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:27:53 +0200
Received: from p013rol0.nzz.ch ([194.40.213.241]) by n003sys0.nzz.ch
          (Netscape Mail Server v2.02) with SMTP id AAA236
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:29:08 +0100
Received: by p013rol0.nzz.ch with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BDC48C.C66DEBC0@p013rol0.nzz.ch>; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:29:13 +0200
Message-ID: <01BDC48C.C66DEBC0@p013rol0.nzz.ch>
From: t.flueck@nzz.ch (Flueck Thomas)
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Searching for two publications
Date: Mon, 10 Aug 1998 18:29:11 +0200
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA03754
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 447
Dear coral-listers
I'm looking for the following two publications:
1. Wood E. 1988. Geological, geotechnical, and ecological studies of selected atolls of the Republic of the Maldives. Rept. Gov. Maldives from Engineering Geology Ltd. and Tropical Coastal Management Consultants Ltd., UK.
2. Hollings E. F. (chairman). 1988. Bleaching of coral reefs in the Caribbean. Oral and written testimony to the Commerce, Justice, State, Judiciary and related agencies, Appropriations Subcommittee, USA Senate, 10. Nov. 1987, 142 pp.
Do you know, where I can get copies of these two papers?
Thank you for your answer.
Sincerely
Thomas Flueck
Dipl. phil. II
Editor NZZ Online (http://www.nzz.ch)
Neue Zuercher Zeitung
POB
8021 Zurich
Switzerland
Phone: ++41 1 258 1284
Fax: ++41 1 258 1324
E-Mail: t.flueck@nzz.ch
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 10 22:46:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA09300; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 22:46:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA29281; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 22:52:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029258; Mon, 10 Aug 98 22:51:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA19896; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 02:44:23 GMT
Received: from gate.sinica.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA19882; Mon, 10 Aug 1998 22:43:28 -0400
Received: from [140.109.48.206] ([140.109.48.206])
	by gate.sinica.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id KAA05261
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 11 Aug 1998 10:42:04 +0800 (CST)
X-Sender: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Message-Id: <v03007800b1f540fd8f1a@[140.109.48.206]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 11 Aug 1998 10:49:34 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Allen C. Chen" <cac@sinica.edu.tw>
Subject: 2nd Update of PSA-Intercongress talk topics: ecology and
 conservation of coral reef in the Pacific
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 448
Dear Coral-listers,
For those who are still interested in participating the PSA-Intercongress,
Ecology and conservation of coral reef in the Pacific",  15-22 November,
1998 in the Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, I would like to update the
talks of invited speakers:
 The topics of invited speakers are listed as follow:
Overseas speakers:
Jeremy Jackson(Center for Tropical Paleoecology and Archeology, Smithsonian
Tropical Research Institute)
---------to be announced
J.E.N. Veron (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australia)
---------Reticulate evolution: the alternative paradigm
Nancy Knowlton (Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, U.S.A)
---------to be announced
Charles Birkeland (Marine Lab., Univ. of Guam, U.S.A.)
---------Why some reefs recover and others do not?
Terrence Hughes ( James Cook University, Australia)
----------Large-scale processes on coral reefs
Terry Done (Australian Institute of Marine Science, Australia)
---------Performance indices for management of coral reef ecosystems
Richard Grigg ( Univ. of Hawaii, U.S.A.)
---------Holocene coral reef accretion in Hawaii: a function of wave
exposure and sea level history
Robert Rowan (Marine Laboratory, University of Guam  U.S.A.)
----------How do coral-algal symbioses cope with environmental challenges?
Angela Douglas (Univ. of York, U.K.)
-------- Zooxanthellae in corals: does molecular diversity matter?
Howard Choat ( James Cook University, Australia)
---------Herbivory by fishes on coral reefs: does it occur, and is
important if it doesn't?
Eddy Gomez (Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines,
Philippines)
---------to be announced
Dr. Bette Willis (James Cook University, Australia)
---------Ecological perspectives on species borders in hybridising corals.
Prof. Yehuda Benayahu (Tel Aviv University, Israel)
---------Soft corals (Octocorallia) from Taiwan
Fu-Shiang Chia (Uni. Alberta, Canada)
--------Coral reef conservation: from interlectural discoveries to
population movement
Local speakers:
Chang-Fang Dai (National Taiwan University)
--------Reproductive isolation and genetic variation of a scleractinian
coral, Mycedium elephantotous
Keryea Soong (National Sun Yat-sen University)
--------Spatial patterns of coral recruitment at Nanwan Bay,  Southern Taiwan
Rong-Quen Jang  (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica)
--------Interoceanic comparisons o nest size of the damselfish, Abudefduf
'saxatilis complex'
Tin-Yam Chan (Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University
Chaolun Allen Chen (Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica)
--------Genetic diversity of symbiotic dinoflagellates in cnidarians from
southern Taiwan
More topics of local invited speakers will be announced laterly.
Cheers, Allen
Allen C. Chen, PhD
Assistant Research Fellow
Institute of Zoology
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
Ph: 886-2-2789-9549
Fax: 886-2-2785-8059
E-mail: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 12 11:32:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA29136; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:32:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA23708; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 11:38:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023702; Wed, 12 Aug 98 11:37:59 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA06646; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 14:50:26 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA06641; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 10:50:21 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id KAA25824; Wed, 12 Aug 1998 10:48:54 -0400
Date: Wed, 12 Aug 1998 10:48:54 -0400
Message-Id: <199808121448.KAA25824@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, J.McManus@cgnet.com,
        eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 449
HotSpot Notes  --  August 12, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
bleaching appears to be expanding and beginning to move
southward throughout the northern and northeastern Caribbean:
     Keys
     Bahamas
     Grand Cayman
     Virgin Islands
     Lesser Antilles
     Jamaica
The high SSTs have even gone up slightly around Bermuda
  increasing the likelihood of bleaching.
Over the Eastern Hemisphere the regions seeing potential
increased bleaching activity are:
     Philippines [mostly eastern areas]
     Red Sea [north & central]
     Arabian/Persian Gulf
     Taiwan
     Okinawa area
Verifications appreciated...
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746                              410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 13 20:02:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA22051; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 20:02:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA03921; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 20:08:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003919; Thu, 13 Aug 98 20:08:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA22317; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 23:48:38 GMT
Received: from igcb.igc.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA22312; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 19:48:31 -0400
Received: from igce.igc.org (igce.igc.org [192.82.108.49])
	by igcb.igc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id QAA22447
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:46:04 -0700 (PDT)
Received: from [198.94.10.111] (seaturtles@pppe-52.igc.org)
	by igce.igc.org (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id QAA18527
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:45:48 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Thu, 13 Aug 1998 16:45:48 -0700 (PDT)
X-Sender: seaturtles@pop.igc.apc.org
Message-Id: <v0151010cb1f8cb7c18d7@[198.94.10.111]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Mary Louise Whitlow <marylouisew@email.msn.com> (by way of
 seaturtles@igc.apc.org (Sea Turtle Restoration Project))
Subject: Petition
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id UAA22051
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 450
Xcacel petition
As you might have heard X'cacel, a critical sea turtle nesting beach, in
Quintana Roo, Mexico, has recently been sold for a tourist development.
X'cacel's
importance has been well documented by scientists. Biologists say X'cacel, a
strip of land 1.25 miles long in the Mexican state of Quintana Roo, is the
most important sea turtle nesting grounds in Mexico and the Caribbean for
the green and loggerheads.
  For years eco-tourism activities, viewing the nesting turtles, lectures,
etc., were carried out at X'cacel. To be added to the petition below just
send a message to marylouisew@msn.com with "OK Xcacel" in the subject line
and your name, city, state in the text. Please post and/or forward as
appropriate.
Sincerely,
Mary Louise Whitlow
  This petition will be sent to the governor of Quintana Roo, the President
of
Mexico, the secretary of tourism and the heads of SEMARNAP (Mexico's EPA)
and the National Institute of Ecology.
  We, the undersigned, request that the Mexican government stop the planned
development of X'cacel, Quintana Roo, Mexico; that all 311 hectares are set
aside as a permanent reserve without any construction allowed. If not we
will seriously consider spending our next vacation some place that protects
endangered species. Please incorporate Xcacel into the National System of
Protected Areas (SINAP) and preserve it as a permanent preserve!
Mary Louise Whitlow
marylouisew@msn.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 14 07:07:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA24370; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 07:06:57 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA08000; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 07:12:53 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007995; Fri, 14 Aug 98 07:11:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA27237; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 11:07:06 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA27228; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 07:07:01 -0400
Received: from biolpc112.york.ac.uk (biolpc112.york.ac.uk [144.32.84.95])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id MAA14212
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 12:05:38 +0100 (BST)
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 12:06:10 PDT
From: Fiona Gell <dm16@york.ac.uk>
Subject: Bleaching in the Philippines
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <ECS9808141210A@york.ac.uk>
Priority: Normal
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 451
Att Coral List,
during a brief visit to reefs in Northern Palawan (Philippines) I observed extensive bleaching at numerous sites at
El Nido (Bacuit Bay) and Coron Island.
Bleaching affected a wide range of coral genera and in some cases whole colonies of Acropora and Porites
measuring in excess of 4 m2.
In conversations with local dive shop guides,  it would appear that bleaching is now present at most if not all dive
sites in the area around El Nido and Coron Island. In addition both dive guides and fishermen have remarked
that sea temperatures have been higher than usual (as measured by their diving consoles).
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 14 11:19:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA28092; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 11:17:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA23377; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 11:23:37 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023355; Fri, 14 Aug 98 11:23:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA29284; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 15:16:08 GMT
Received: from mero.invemar.org.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA29275; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 11:15:57 -0400
From: caricomp@invemar.org.co
Message-Id: <199808141515.LAA29275@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from invemar.org.co [200.25.13.131]
	by mero.invemar.org.co (AltaVista Mail V2.0D/2.0D BL25D listener)
	id 0000_0064_35d4_5440_41b5;
	Fri, 14 Aug 1998 10:14:08 -0500
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Note: Latest version at http://EmuMail.com
Reply-To: caricomp@invemar.org.co
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 15:14:08 GMT
X-Mailer: EMUmail 2.70
Subject: SIMAC monitoring program
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 452
Dear listers:
For several years we have been monitoring a small coral reef area in the Colombian Caribbean, through our participation in CARICOMP.  Now we have a funded project (with the support of several Colombian institutions) for two years to disign and start the SIMAC (Sistema Nacional de Monitoreo de Arrecifes Coralinos en Colombia), which will be the national monitoring system for the coral reefs of Colombia (South America).
During the second week of September of this year we will make a national Workshop in Santa Marta (a city in the Caribbean coast of Colombia) to discuss on the possible structure of the SIMAC and on strategies to develop and maintain it on the long term.
Therefore, we would like to know about other reef monitoring programs in the world, so please let us know how to obtain information about your experience, program structure, support, results or any recomendation that can be useful for our next workshop.
Please contact us.
Jaime Garzon-Ferreira
E-mail: jgarzon@invemar.org.co
Maria Fernanda Gil
Alberto Rodriguez
Diego Luis Gil-Agudelo
E-mail: caricomp@invemar.org.co
INVEMAR (Institute for Marine and Coastal Research)
P.O. Box 1016
Santa Marta, Colombia
South America
Tel: ++57 (5) 4214774/4211377
Fax: ++57 (5) 4211377
This message sent using EMUmail.  http://EmuMail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 14 13:28:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA29652; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:28:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA01345; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:34:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001261; Fri, 14 Aug 98 13:33:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA00401; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:28:02 GMT
Received: from smtp3.erols.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA00396; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:27:57 -0400
Received: from erols.com (207-172-34-139.s12.as11.rkv.erols.com [207.172.34.139])
	by smtp3.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id NAA17370
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:26:33 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35D47357.5C288F26@erols.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:26:47 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Reply-To: jware@erols.com
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral reef definition
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 453
Dear Listers,
	First, thanks to the many who have sent what they believe is a useful
definition of a 'coral reef'.  A few definitions are still coming in,
but quite slowly.  I have not given up on this project (which a few
believe to be an empty exercise.)  Now that the furor over 'reefs at
risk' has died out and my new job is settling in, I am requesting those
who did not submit previously (or would like to change their minds), to
write to me and tell me what they think is a definition of the term
'coral reef' or 'tropical coral reef'.
	Perhaps this is just a semantic game, but some games may have useful
results.  I believe the definition game is such a game.  For example, if
you think that defining 'coral reef' is too easy, try defining something
else first, like 'pencil', 'automobile', or 'rug'.
	I don't want to here about those, but I would like to what a workable
definition of a 'coral reef' is.  By workable, I mean something that
could be put in a law and used to define reef areas for preservation.
	Please respond directly to me.
	Thanks, John
--
     ***********************************************************
     *                                                         *
     *                   John R. Ware, PhD                     *
     *                       President                         *
     *                    SeaServices, Inc.                    *
     *                 19572 Club House Road                   *
     *              Gaithersburg, MD, 20886, USA               *
     *                     301 987-8507                        *
     *                    jware@erols.com                      *
     *                                                         *
     *                                     _                   *
     *    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    *
     *                                   _|__                  *
     *                                  | _ |                  *
     *           _______________________|   |______            *
     *        |\/__     Sea Services, Inc.         \           *
     *        |/\__________________________________/           *
     ***********************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 14 13:33:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA29734; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:33:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA01815; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:39:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001751; Fri, 14 Aug 98 13:38:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA00484; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:37:04 GMT
Received: from mail.state.fl.us by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA00479; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:37:00 -0400
Received: from GMD0004 [204.90.27.66]
	by mail.state.fl.us with smtp (Exim 1.73 #2)
	id 0z7NlK-0002Tf-00; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:35:39 -0400
Received: by GMD0004 with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BDC788.979DE8F0@GMD0004>; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:36:50 -0400
Message-ID: <01BDC788.979DE8F0@GMD0004>
From: "George S. Garrett" <garettg@mail.state.fl.us>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "'astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov'" <astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching at Coffin's Patch Light - Florida Keys
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 13:36:28 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA29734
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 454
Dear Listers:
I have been diving consistently for the past month approximately every other day at Coffins Patch Light in the Florida Keys.  This is a hard bottom area with very limited hard coral cover and considerable soft coral and sea fan growth.  Between July 26 and 8/11/98 I saw no noticeable bleaching of hard corals.  On 8/12/98 I saw minimal, but noticeable bleaching of Millepora colonies.  The reef is 6-7 meters deep and typical SSTs have been 87-89 degrees F.  During the same period I made a dive or two on the adjacent Coffins Patch Special Protected Area (SPA) and have seen no bleaching per se there, but haven't been there for a week of ten days.  The SPA is shallower with higher relief and has a greater assemblage of hard corals.
George Garrett
Director of Marine Resources
Monroe County, Florida Keys
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 14 17:55:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA03940; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:55:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA16281; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 18:01:00 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016279; Fri, 14 Aug 98 18:00:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA02592; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 21:55:56 GMT
Received: from wri.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA02587; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 17:55:50 -0400
Received: from WRI-Message_Server by wri.org
	with Novell_GroupWise; Fri, 14 Aug 1998 18:04:06 -0400
Message-Id: <s5d47c16.056@wri.org>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Date: Fri, 14 Aug 1998 18:02:18 -0400
From: Lauretta Burke <LAURETTA@wri.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs at Risk Data available on Web
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id RAA03940
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 455
The Reefs at Risk Indicator of estimated threat to the world*s coral reefs is now available as a geographically- referenced data set which can be downloaded from the World Resources Institute*s web site (http://www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm).
Reefs At Risk is a first-of-its-kind, standardized, global assessment of anthropogenic threats to coral reefs. The data set contains over 55,000 locations representing coral reefs, classified by degree of threat from human activities. The map-based analysis produced an indicator of potential threats to coral reefs from four broad categories:
1) Coastal Development
2) Marine-based Pollution
3) Overexploitation of Marine Resources
4) Inland Pollution and Erosion
The Reefs at Risk Indicator was developed at The World Resources Institute (WRI),
in collaboration with The International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM), and The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC).
The geographic data are available in two formats -
a) as point data in ArcView Shapefile or
b) as raster data in an ArcInfo GRID format.
ArcView Shapefiles are compatible with the ArcView software developed by the Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI).
ArcInfo GRID data can be used with ESRI*s ArcInfo software, or with the *Spatial Analyst* extension of the ArcView software.
The data are in zipped (compressed) format.  User*s will need decompression software such as PKUNZIP or WinZip in order to use these data.
=======================================================
Data Download Options:
A) To obtain the Reefs at Risk Indicator as Point data in ArcView Shapefile format, you should download REEF_PTS.ZIP.  This file is 650k compressed, and will require 5.5 megabytes of disk space.  (These data are in Geographic Projection.)
The zip file includes four files - a file of data documentation called DATA_DOC.TXT, and three files which together comprise the ArcView Shapefile called REEF_PTS.  These three files have .DBF, .SHP, and .SHX extensions.  These data will unzip into a directory called REEF_WRI\DATA_GEO.
B) To obtain the Reefs at Risk Indicator as a raster (GRID) format, you should download REEFDATA.ZIP.  This file is 2.3 megabytes compressed, and will require 10.5 megabytes of disk space.  (The GRID data are in Mercator projection, at 4 kilometer resolution).
This zip file includes:
- coral reefs classified by threat from human activity in ArcInfo GRID format;
- four data sets in GRID format which represent estimated threats from Coastal Development, Marine-based Pollution, Overexploitation of Marine Resources, and Pollution and Sediment from Inland Activities, respectively;
- one data set in GRID format which summarizes our estimate of threat from the four categories of human activities;
- one ArcView Shapefile data set reflecting coral reefs classified by threat from human activity in point format for comparison (same data as in REEF_PTS.ZIP); and
- one ArcView project file to make the mapping of these many datasets easier.
- a file of data documentation called DATA_DOC.TXT.
Notes on UnZipping
For the GRID data to work, it is important that the data retain the directory (path) structure that they were saved with.  This happens automatically with the WinZip Software.  If using PKUNZIP, it is important to use the *-d* option of the command.  These data should unzip into a directory called REEF_WRI\DATA_MER.  For the ArcView project to correctly reference the data locations, it is best to unzip these data onto the C:\ drive.
=========================================================
For further information on Reefs At Risk, visit WRI*s web site
(www.wri.org) or e-mail Lauretta Burke
lauretta@wri.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 15 14:02:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA07533; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 14:02:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA24022; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 14:08:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024020; Sat, 15 Aug 98 14:07:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA11026; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 17:58:41 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA11020; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:58:37 -0400
Received: from mermaid.blur (mermaid [172.16.105.1])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA07499 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:53:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by mermaid.blur (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id NAA01292; Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:55:10 -0400
Date: Sat, 15 Aug 1998 13:55:10 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Sender: hendee@mermaid
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reefs of Navassa
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980815135304.1269D-100000@mermaid>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 456
Has anybody heard of any recent monitoring efforts on the reefs off
Navassa Island near Haiti?
Many thanks!
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 17 11:43:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA21089; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:43:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA29099; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:49:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029062; Mon, 17 Aug 98 11:48:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01208; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 15:35:31 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA01203; Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:35:26 -0400
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA23890;
	Mon, 17 Aug 1998 11:29:33 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1308768779.87017@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 17 Aug 1998 11:34:24 -0400
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: FW: Position Open: Flower Gardens Manager
To: "coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        "George D. Dennis" <gdennis@fit.edu>,
        "Ken Deslarzes" <kendes@worldnet.att.net>,
        "Du Puy, Shelley" <sdupuy@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
        "Hickerson, Emma" <ehickerson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-MS 3.0.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA21089
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 457
The vacancy announcement for Manager of NOAA's Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary is open until Sept. 11.  It is open to both Federal and non-Federal employees.
 The information is available on the web at www.usajobs.opm.gov.  Click on Current Job Openings; on next screen, click on Alphabetical Job Search; then choose Yes or No under Federal Employee; select the S category and scroll down to Sanctuary Manager in Bryan, TX.
Or, you may contact Lisa Love at 301-713-0506 ext 194.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 18 08:29:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA01336; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 08:29:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA06581; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 08:35:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006522; Tue, 18 Aug 98 08:34:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA10965; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 12:26:42 GMT
Message-Id: <199808181226.MAA10965@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 13:22:18 +0700
From: Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut <kanlutmb@indosat.net.id>
Reply-To: kanlutmb@indosat.net.id
Organization: Badan Litbang Pertanian
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 458
Dear Colleagues,
We would like to inform all of you that Research Institute for Marine
Fisheries (RIMF) has changed its e-mail address to:
kanlutmb@indosat.net.id
We are always looking forward for e-mail from you all.
Thank you for your attention
All best wishes
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yth., Kolega Balitkanlut.
Kami informasikan bahwa alamat e-mail Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut
(Balitkanlut) telah berubah menjadi :
kanlutmb@indosat.net.id
Kita akan selalu berhubungan melalui alamat tersebut.
Terima kasih atas perhatiannya.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 18 11:06:36 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA04144; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:06:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA17922; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:12:33 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017876; Tue, 18 Aug 98 11:12:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA12268; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 15:07:23 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA12262; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:07:19 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id LAA06637; Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:05:26 -0400
Date: Tue, 18 Aug 1998 11:05:26 -0400
Message-Id: <199808181505.LAA06637@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching HotSpot -- UPDATE
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: Arthur.E.Paterson@noaa.gov, J.McManus@cgnet.com, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 459
HotSpot Notes -- August 18, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
bleaching continues expanding in its migration southward into the
Caribbean:
     Bermuda
     Bahamas
     Grand Cayman
     Virgin Islands
     Lesser Antilles
     Puerto Rico
     Dutch Antilles
Over the Eastern Hemisphere the regions seeing potential
increased bleaching activity from last week are:
     Red Sea [central & south]
     Philippines
     Okinawa area & S. Japan
Verifications appreciated...
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 19 15:11:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA19925; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 15:11:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA12459; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 15:17:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012441; Wed, 19 Aug 98 15:16:20 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA24976; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 18:25:46 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA24971; Wed, 19 Aug 1998 14:25:42 -0400
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 1998 14:25:42 -0400
Message-Id: <199808191825.OAA24971@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 29332 invoked from network); 19 Aug 1998 18:23:55 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 19 Aug 1998 18:23:55 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: coral spawning in Florida
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 460
A. palmata spawned on Horseshoe Reef of the Florida Keys, at ca. 10:18 to
10:45 pm
local time.  It  was a good spawn with ca. 50 % of the colonies spawning.
No spawning was observed during the previous two nights at this site.
Montastraea annularis & faveolata spawned the nights of Aug. 13-15 from ca.
11 pm on (heavier after 11:30 pm), and a few M. franksi were observed to
spawn from 9:30-10:30 pm.  A female M. cavernosa released eggs at 9:20 pm on
8/13/98.
Other observations of coral spawning will be appreciated.
Alina Szmant
RSMAS, Univ of Miami
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 20 15:04:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA01986; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:04:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA02734; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:10:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002723; Thu, 20 Aug 98 15:10:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA05993; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 19:02:18 GMT
Received: from gateway.jcce.org.cu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA05983; Thu, 20 Aug 1998 15:01:46 -0400
Received: by gateway.jcce.org.cu (Smail3.1.29.1 #1)
	id m0z9ZwG-00056xC; Thu, 20 Aug 98 15:00 CDT
Received: from tinored.jcce.org.cu(169.158.130.3)
 via SMTP by gateway.jcce.org.cu, id smtpd017190; Thu Aug 20 14:59:57 1998
Received: by tinored.jcce.org.cu (Smail3.1.28.1 #24)
	id m0z9ZoE-0002bhC; Thu, 20 Aug 98 14:51 EDT
Message-Id: <m0z9ZoE-0002bhC@tinored.jcce.org.cu>
From: barracud@jcce.org.cu (C.N.A.S. Barracuda)
Subject: INF.
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 1998 14:51:42 -0500 (EDT)
X-Mailer: CARIBE [version 3.0]
Content-Type: text
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 461
--
Usuario barracud en TinoRED
E-Mail: barracud@tinored.cu
DR. STEVE GITTING,
Science Coodintor NOAA Santuaries and Reserve Division
His excelency:
I am sending you my deepost grettings and congratulations for every things
you hav done for the salvation of the sea, that is the same to say: " To
salve the present and future generations".
Dear Sir, throguh this letter I am soliciting officialy our desire in paticipa-
ting as an active member and part of the scientific council of the diving (
I am International Diving Instructor) team and the filming crew.  In the
National Geography Expedition.
In the diving crew, I can help in planning the diving and security measures
to take.
In the filming and photo work  I can be director or coodirector of the filming
Staff of all film work.
I consider that may knowlege in the other areas as nursery, electronic, copu-
ting, etc could be very helpful in the work to be accoplished.
My objetive is to give my knowlodge and preparation in the noble activity and
to save our planet. To dvelope my knowlodge in the marine ecology.
I send to you my Life Curriculun.
Underwater Greetings
Lic. Rafael Julio Gonzalez Mesa
Presidente CNAS "Barracuda"
"ECOSUBFILM" Director
(Underwater Filmaker)
______________________________________________________________________________
                                CURRICULUM VITAE
Full name: Licenciate (Lic.) Rafael Julio Gonzalez Mesa.
Color: White.
Eyes color: Pard.
Hair color: Marron.
Place of birth: Cienfuegos. Provincia de Cienfuegos.
Country: Cuba.
Addres: Calle. 15 # 1424 apto. 3 (garaje) % 26 y 28 Vedado. Ciudad de la
Habana Cuba. C.P: 10400 Habana - 4. Tel. (537) 30 5227 and 31 3648.
Licensse in Medio Auduivisual Media.
Speciality Direction  (Movie, Radiio and Television.
Otros accomplished studios:
 1). Cameraman, Underwater Film-maker, Script,Dramaturgist, Image Semiotic,
     Video Editor, Audio-maker, Photographer and Underwater Photographer.
 2). Technique Drawing, Programing in D Base III Plus ( I Have no experience
     in programing, but I know now to work with several soft, oun Win 95,
     etc). Beside I have skills in working with personal computers.
 3). Auxiliar in nursery ( nurse). I have worked during 7 year in a surgen
     center.
 4). International Diving Instructor of the Underwater World Federation CMAS
     No. CUBF00M30004894.
 5). Professor in Phisical Education (Technique).
 6). Graduate in a theoritical Comercial Diving Saturation. I had 5 point.
 7). I speak english a good deal.
 8). I have a notion in Cave Rescuing (I belong to National Commission of
     Cave Rescuing of the National Speleological Society USA).
 9). I have skill in elctronics.
 OCCUPATIONS:
 1. President of the National Underwater Audiovisual Center "Barracuda".
    "Barracuda" is Non Govermental Thematic Group, dedicated to the study and
    conservation the Ecology and Environment, insue Underwater.
 2. National Coordinator of the Commitee "Clean up the World", braner for the
    International Committe "Clean Up The World" (PNUMA).
 3. Director of "ECOSUB-film" an independent group of ecological underwater
    video.
 MUST PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES ACCOMPLISHED.
 In september 3rd, 1988 in an initiative of my own I founde the the Scuba
 diving club "Barracuda", what lather became in the National Underwater Audio-
 visual Center "Barracuda".
 Since the very begining I've been the club's president in more than 10 years
 of intensive work  we have graduate more 1000 persons as scuba divers in the
 categories:
 a.- Open Water Diver..
 b.- Advanced Open Water Diver.
 c.- Stress and Rescue.
 d.- Dive Master.
 e.- DiveCon.
 and Open Water Diver Instructors in all the levels, including marine ecology
 and Underwater Rescue (Aquatic Save Guard).
 The "Barracuda" Center, has graduate the firs undewater photographer. All thi-
 si allowed the development of the scuba diving in Cuba.
 I' ve took place in the several expeditions with the Center for Marine Resear-
 ch. Center that belongs to the University of Havana.
 I' ve made research in artificial and Coral Reef Underwater Explorations, Spe-
 leological Works, works, etc. We have made several shortfilms abuot Marine E-
 cological, Cave and Marine Ecosistems.
 As the result of my own initiative we celebrate the celebrate the "First Inter-
 national Symposiun of Scuba Diving "SIMPOSUB 97", in 1 to 4 july 1997 (Inter-
 national Convention Center). Havana City. During this Symposium we celebrate
 the First Green Festival of Video, Movie, and Children Painting "ECOSUB 97".
 AND Underwater fair "EXPOSUB 97".
 I have contacts with the NGO "Reef Relief", and we receive support from the
 National Speleplogical Society - Cave Diving Section of the Mr. Bruce M. Ryan
 Manager Admistration and the Diver Alert Network of Mexico.
 Now I'm making studies in the field of Coral Reef Ecosistems and their illnes.
 ,
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 21 15:34:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA14570; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 15:34:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA14889; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 15:40:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014886; Fri, 21 Aug 98 15:39:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA16879; Fri, 21 Aug 1998 19:24:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199808211924.TAA16879@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 1998 11:51:52 -0400
From: Gregory.Boland@mms.gov (Gregory Boland)
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Flower Garden Banks spawning
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 462
     New Information from field observations at Flower Garden Banks, Gulf=
 =
     of Mexico: Research cruise on M/V Fling: 8/14-8/18, 1998, sponsored =
by =
     NOAA, Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary and Oceanographi=
c =
     Expeditions.  =
     (These reports are compiled from observations of a number of people)=
     =
     Coral Spawning:
     =
     Night of August 15, 7th night after the Aug. 7 full moon (all times =
as =
     CDT):
     =
     20:50:  First observations of sparse egg bundles at surface, probabl=
y =
     Diploria strigosa.
     =
     21:05-22:45  Very substantial spawning slick on surface (rough =
     estimate 10,000-15,000 egg bundles/sq m).
     =
     21:21:  First confirmed observations of  D. strigosa spawning on =
     bottom.
     =
     21:37-21:48  Extensive spawn by D. strigosa.
     =
     21:37-22:10  Extensive spawn  by Montastrea franksi.
     =
     22:00   One male M. cavernosa.
     =
     22:10-22:45  Diminishing releases by M. franksi, nothing seen after =
     22:45.
     =
     23:45-00:05        Extensive releases by M. faveolata and male and =
     female Stephanocoenia michilini ( males first then adjacent female =
     response).
     =
     Night of August 16, 8th night after:
     =
     20:24   First observations of sparse egg bundles at surface, probabl=
y =
     Diploria strigosa.
     =
     21:05-23:00  Substantial spawning slick on surface (rough estimate =
     6,000 egg bundles/sq m)
     =
     21:40-22:15  Numerous  D. strigosa spawning throughout period.
     =
     22:15-21:48        Extensive spawn by D. strigosa.
     =
     22:15-22:30  Limited  M. franksi spawn.
     =
     23:10-23:54   S. michilini, male and female.
     =
     23:45      Single head of  M. faveolata release.
     =
     Night of August 17, 9th night after:
     =
     20:55-21:15  Several heads of Colpophylia natans releasing.
     =
     21:03      One head of male M. cavernosa releasing.
     =
     Night of August 18, 10th night after:
     =
     20:55-21:15  Numerous heads of Colpophylia natans releasing (more th=
an =
     previous night).
     =
     Bleaching:
     =
     Contrary to recent predictions concerning the Flower Gardens, there =
     was very little evidence of bleaching at the East or West Flower =
     Garden Banks as late as August 18.  Water temperature was nearly  =
     uniform at 86=B0 F  throughout the water column to a depth of 30 m.
     =
     In contrast, the firecoral (Millepora alcicornis) at Stetson bank, n=
ow =
     part of the FGBNMS, was heavily bleached; nearly total bleaching of =
at =
     least 75% of existing cover which comprises about 20% of the total =
     substrate.  (In the past, esssentially 100% of this bleaching =
     recovers)
     =
     New Species Record at Flower Garden Banks:
     =
     A new taxa was encountered at the East Flower Garden Bank during a =
     night dive by Greg and Gloria Boland.  At a depth of 65 ft we observ=
ed =
     what appeared to be an antipatharian coral, never previously reporte=
d =
     to my knowledge. In fact, there have never been any soft corals or =
     antipatharians of any kind documented on the coral reef (wire corals=
, =
     Cirrhipathes, are common at depths below 200 ft) .  The colony was a=
 =
     cluster of stiff branches originating from a stalk attached to the =
     underside of a coral head out of sight.  The color was an orange- re=
d =
     or rusty brown.  The morphology very closely resembles Antipathes =
     gracilis.   Photographs were taken and will be used to confirm =
     identification.  A sample was not obtained at the time due to the a =
     lack of a collection permit.
     =
     =
     Report by:
     =
     Greg Boland
     Biological Oceanographer
     Minerals Management Service
     =
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Aug 23 07:09:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA26614; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 07:09:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA12758; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 07:16:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012756; Sun, 23 Aug 98 07:15:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA03610; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 10:25:19 GMT
Received: from relay.kacst.edu.sa by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA03584; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 06:24:55 -0400
Received: from ns1.kfupm.edu.sa ([198.77.102.26]) by relay.kacst.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id NAA18060 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 13:13:32 -0300 (GMT)
Received: from dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.32.11]) by ns1.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id NAA239288 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 13:07:37 +0300
Received: from dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa [196.15.32.8]) by dpc111.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id NAA21722 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 13:17:53 +0400
Received: from kfupm.edu.sa ([212.26.0.85]) by dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa (8.7.5/8.7.3) with ESMTP id NAA47005 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 23 Aug 1998 13:16:59 +0300
Message-ID: <35DFEA98.53089D0C@kfupm.edu.sa>
Date: Sun, 23 Aug 1998 13:10:33 +0300
From: Rey Lindo <rlindo@kfupm.edu.sa>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral bleaching
Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary="------------1C247E50E23F1671B0210B4C"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 463
--------------1C247E50E23F1671B0210B4C
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
This is to report coral bleaching in the Saudi Arabian reefs at the
Arabian Gulf.  Five coral reefs were visited from August 16 to 20,
1998.  There is widespread bleaching of corals in four patch reefs
(seawater temperature 35.2-35.9=B0C).  Very high mortality (about 95%) in
Acropora was observed.  Thin layer of brown filamentous algae already
covers Porites, Acropora and Platygyra.
Coral bleaching is minimal at the offshore island reef (seawater
temperature 33.7=B0C).  Bleached corals are Pocillopora, Acropora, Porite=
s
and Platygyra.
REYNALDO LINDO
Center for Environment and Water
Research Institute
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
Email: rlindo@kfupm.edu.sa
--------------1C247E50E23F1671B0210B4C
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
<HTML>
This is to report coral bleaching in the Saudi Arabian reefs at the Arabian
Gulf.&nbsp; Five coral reefs were visited from August 16 to 20, 1998.&nbsp;
There is widespread bleaching of corals in four patch reefs (seawater temperature
35.2-35.9&deg;C).&nbsp; Very high mortality (about 95%) in <I>Acropora</I>
was observed.&nbsp; Thin layer of brown filamentous algae already covers
<I>Porites</I>, <I>Acropora</I> and <I>Platygyra</I>.
<BR>Coral bleaching is minimal at the offshore island reef (seawater temperature
33.7&deg;C).&nbsp; Bleached corals are <I>Pocillopora</I>, <I>Acropora</I>,
<I>Porites</I> and <I>Platygyra</I>.
<P>REYNALDO LINDO
<BR>Center for Environment and Water
<BR>Research Institute
<BR>King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
<BR>Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
<BR>Email: rlindo@kfupm.edu.sa
<BR>&nbsp;</HTML>
--------------1C247E50E23F1671B0210B4C--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 24 02:57:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA00977; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 02:57:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA22358; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 03:03:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022356; Mon, 24 Aug 98 03:02:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA12221; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 06:48:11 GMT
Received: from msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA12038; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 02:20:27 -0400
Received: from nrg.msi.upd.edu.ph (nrg.msi.upd.edu.ph [192.168.1.11])
          by msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA08697 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 14:31:27 +0800
Message-Id: <199808240631.OAA08697@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <arfmontebon@[165.220.19.201]>
From: "A. Rex F. Montebon" <arfmontebon@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
Organization: U.P. Marine Science Institute
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1998 14:10:49 +0000
Subject: coral bleaching
X-Confirm-Reading-To: "A. Rex F. Montebon" <arfmontebon@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph>
X-pmrqc: 1
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 464
Bleaching report from the Philippines.
Massive bleaching started mid-July and still ongoing.  Affected parts
are mostly the western regions from Bolinao (northwest) to Puerto
Galera (central Phils) and the Palawan area.  No reports came in from
the eastern sector yet where it is expected from the hotspot data.
Temperatures of 33-34 degrees Celsius are common and lasted for
weeks.
Bleaching goes as deep as 15 meters and primarily affected fragile
forms of corals (plating, branching and foliose) although massive
Faviids also suffered bleaching.  Massive Porites spp. appear to be
resistant.  Black band disease has been observed on a few bleached
colonies.  Bleaching mortalities appear to be common among
Acroporids while other genera appear to be alright despite the
loss of zoox.  Percentage bleaching depends on community structure --
more than 75% bleaching when dominated by fragile forms.  Overall,
mortality appears to be low.  (Field observations from Bolinao reefs.
Survey data still being processed).
A. Rex F. Montebon
Marine Science Institute
University of the Philippines
1101 Diliman, Quezon City
Philippines
email:  arfmontebon@msi01.cs.upd.edu.ph
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 24 21:34:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA14141; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 21:33:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA05848; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 21:40:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005831; Mon, 24 Aug 98 21:39:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA20410; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 01:19:16 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA20405; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 21:19:11 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA13955 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 21:12:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA05154; Mon, 24 Aug 1998 21:19:07 -0400
Received: from mozcom4.mozcom.com(202.47.132.4) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005151; Mon, 24 Aug 98 21:19:02 -0400
Received: from sendmail.mozcom.com ([208.160.233.139])
	by mozcom4.mozcom.com (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA20014
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:16:37 +0800 (HKT)
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 09:16:37 +0800 (HKT)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.16.19981125093527.1ac7e5a2@mozcom.com>
X-Sender: mlsucrm@mozcom.com
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (16)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
From: "SU Marine Lab, COE-CRM Project" <mlsucrm@mozcom.com>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 465
To everyone out there interested in keeping track of bleaching:
Bleaching is also going on in the Central Philippines.  Off the beach at
Silliman Marine lab, we have extensive bleaching of large Porites
lobata/australiensis colonies, most of which are at least 2m in diameter.
Bleaching is mostly across the top; the sides of the colonies are still
healthy.  On Apo Is., large colonies of Galaxea fasicularlis are also
showing patches on the sides.
--Laurie Raymundo
  Silliman University Marine Lab
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 02:07:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA15600; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 02:07:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA08236; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 02:13:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008232; Tue, 25 Aug 98 02:12:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA22443; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 06:07:59 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA22438; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 02:07:54 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1067 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <625995-22675>; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 14:04:46 +0800
Message-ID: <35E25417.62F237B7@ust.hk>
Date: 	Tue, 25 Aug 1998 14:05:11 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ICM Training Short-Course Wanted for Chinese Group
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 466
I am looking for a 3-week Integrated Coastal Management Training course,
preferably in the US, Australia or Europe, to be provided for a group of
8 Chinese ICM practitioners as part of a UNDP project in Southern China.
The group would include an interpreter. They would cover all their
travel and expenses and could pay a training fee of about US$5000.
Ideally, the training would be very hands-on, including lots of field
visits and would be completed before the end of 1998.
Please contact me if you would like to provide such a course or have
suggestions.
Thank you.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 07:40:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA17420; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 07:40:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA11382; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 07:46:55 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011356; Tue, 25 Aug 98 07:46:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA24970; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 11:31:54 GMT
Received: from localhost by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA24965; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 07:31:49 -0400
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 07:31:49 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral-List Administrator <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.980825073051.24865B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 467
Date: Mon, 24 Aug 1998 12:52:39 -0400
From: Gregory.Boland@mms.gov (Gregory Boland)
Subject: Correction to dates in last spawning report
To: coral-list
     Correction to my spawning report posted on Friday, August 21 (sorry
     for the messy format, don't know how that happened):
     All dates listed are ahead one day (also on my travel voucher).
     August 15 should read August 14, August 16 shold be August 15 etc:
     Also the times for the substantial spawning slick observed on the
     surface on August 14 should read 22:05 - 22:45 and not 21:05 - 22:45
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 25 18:55:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA28469; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 18:55:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA29669; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 19:01:49 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029662; Tue, 25 Aug 98 19:01:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA00613; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 22:27:49 GMT
Received: from mero.invemar.org.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA00608; Tue, 25 Aug 1998 18:27:33 -0400
Received: from MACRO3 [200.25.13.151]
	(HELO Macro3.invemar.org.co)
	by mero.invemar.org.co (AltaVista Mail V2.0D/2.0D BL25D listener)
	id 0000_005f_35e3_3998_159d;
	Tue, 25 Aug 1998 17:24:24 -0500
Reply-To: "=?iso-8859-1?Q?Colecci=F3n_de_Referencia?=" <colref@invemar.org.co>
From: "=?iso-8859-1?Q?Colecci=F3n_de_Referencia?=" <colref@invemar.org.co>
To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Identification Keys
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 17:39:39 -0500
Message-ID: <01bdd079$3e657a60$970d19c8@Macro3.invemar.org.co>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_000A_01BDD04F.558F7260"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 468
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_000A_01BDD04F.558F7260
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hello Listers
I=B4m looking for any identification Keys for  caribbean scleratian =
corals. Anybody can help me?.
I gratefull any information.
Best Regards
Patricia Lattig=20
Proyecto Macro-fauna=20
INVEMAR
Cerro de Punta Bet=EDn, Santa Marta, Colombia.
AA 1016
macro@invemar.org.co
------=_NextPart_000_000A_01BDD04F.558F7260
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.1712.3"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2>Hello Listers</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>I&acute;m looking for =
any=20
identification Keys for&nbsp; caribbean scleratian corals. Anybody can =
help=20
me?.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>I gratefull any=20
information.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>Best =
Regards</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>Patricia Lattig =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>Proyecto Macro-fauna =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT><FONT =
color=3D#000000 face=3DArial=20
size=3D2>INVEMAR</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 face=3DArial size=3D2>Cerro de Punta =
Bet&iacute;n, Santa=20
Marta, Colombia.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT><FONT color=3D#000000 =
face=3DArial size=3D2>AA=20
1016</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2><A=20
href=3D"mailto:macro@invemar.org.co">macro@invemar.org.co</A></FONT></DIV=
>
<DIV><FONT face=3DArial size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_000A_01BDD04F.558F7260--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 26 10:29:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06798; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 10:28:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA23523; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 10:35:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023509; Wed, 26 Aug 98 10:34:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA07483; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 13:56:40 GMT
Received: from radagast.wizard.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA07478; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 09:56:36 -0400
Received: from [206.161.15.56] (tc1-s26.wizard.net [206.161.15.56])
	by radagast.wizard.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA14881;
	Wed, 26 Aug 1998 09:54:13 -0400
Message-Id: <199808261354.JAA14881@radagast.wizard.net>
Subject: Re: Identification Keys
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 98 09:58:31 -0400
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Colecci=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=f3n_de_Referencia?=" <colref@invemar.org.co>,
        "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA06798
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 469
Dear Patricia,
On 8/25/98 you wrote:
>Im looking for any identification Keys for  caribbean scleratian corals.
>Anybody can help me?.
>I gratefull any information.
>
>Best Regards
>
>Patricia Lattig
>Proyecto Macro-fauna
>INVEMAR
>Cerro de Punta Betn, Santa Marta, Colombia.
>AA 1016
>macro@invemar.org.co
For Caribbean Porites see:
Jameson SC (1997) Morphometric analysis of the Poritidae (Anthozoa:  Scleractinia) off Belize.  Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama
This paper also lists other more general keys in the reference section.
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 26 10:29:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06780; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 10:28:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA23521; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 10:35:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023514; Wed, 26 Aug 98 10:34:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA07615; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 14:14:08 GMT
Received: from pp2.shef.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA07606; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 10:13:59 -0400
Received: from ashopton.shef.ac.uk [143.167.27.253]
	by pp2.shef.ac.uk with esmtp (Exim 1.73 #1)
	id 0zBgIQ-0007hU-00; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 15:11:34 +0100
Received: from ASHOPTON/SpoolDir by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40);
    26 Aug 98 15:11:35 +0100
Received: from SpoolDir by ASHOPTON (Mercury 1.40); 26 Aug 98 15:11:20 +0100
Received: from glover.btlmail.btl.net (143.167.199.56) by ashopton.shef.ac.uk (Mercury 1.40) with ESMTP;
    26 Aug 98 15:11:15 +0100
From: "Peter J Mumby" <p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: <glover@btl.net>, <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>, <species@btl.net>,
        <mrc@ucb.edu.bz>
Subject: Frigid corals of Belize....
Date: Tue, 25 Aug 1998 15:15:16 -0500
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1155
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <33657EB122E@ashopton.shef.ac.uk>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 470
Dear coral-listers
In response to the regional reports of coral spawning from the Western
Atlantic, I would like to add that corals of Glovers Atoll (Belize) seem to
be waiting until later in the year and may exhibit unusual spawning
activity.
A team from the University College of Belize and the Wildlife Conservation
Society observed patch reef and forereef sites at Glovers Atoll on the
evenings of 13th - 16th of August inclusive. We failed to observe any
spawning activity between the hours of 18:00 and 00:30 on the patch reefs
and nets set above the corals collected no eggs during any period (assuming
that the nets didn't interfere with spawning behaviour - which remains to
be proved).
Curiously, fishermen report witnessing massive spawning events in October
and November as well as the expected months of August and September.
Further, several anecdotal reports suggest that spawning takes place in
early morning (ca 05:00 - 07:00) rather than late at night. Unfortunately,
we don't have precise dates to comment on the lunar periodicity of these
"morning spawns". One exception may be a recent report from staff of
Programme for Belize working near the main barrier reef. They reported
finding many eggs on a patch reef during a morning dive on the 14th of
August. Although the reef is dominated by acroporids, it isn't clear which
coral was spawning or the precise timing of the event. However, the date
does correspond to the expected lunar pattern of 7 days after full moon.
We would be interested in other reports of (i) late spawning events (i.e.
October - November) and, (ii) early morning spawns.
Best wishes,
Peter
Dr Peter J. Mumby
Research Fellow
Department of Geography
University of Sheffield
Winter Street
Sheffield
S10 2TN
E-mail: p.j.mumby@sheffield.ac.uk
Tel: + 44 (0)114 222 7970
Fax: + 44 (0)114 279 7912
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 26 15:03:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA10781; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 15:03:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA12336; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 15:10:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012266; Wed, 26 Aug 98 15:09:31 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA09828; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 18:43:18 GMT
Received: from goliath.cnnet.clu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA09817; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 14:42:40 -0400
Received: from localhost (l823836@localhost)
	by goliath.cnnet.clu.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id OAA05308
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 14:51:09 -0400
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 14:51:09 -0400 (AST)
From: Hernandez Edwin A <l823836@goliath.CNNET.CLU.EDU>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Lack of scleractinian mass spawning in Puerto Rico.
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980826142426.5067F-100000@goliath.cnnet.clu.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 471
Dear coral listers:
   Our research group was diving at Carlos Rosario Beach, Culebra Island
(27 km off northeastern Puerto Rico), on the evening of August 16, 1998
(8th. evening after August full moon).  We made observations from 20:00 to
23:30 hrs.  No mass spawning was observed in Scleractinians.  We only observed
5 colonies of the columnar morphotype of Montastrea annularis expelling
sperms (cream colored) from 21:00 to 21:45 hrs.  In all cases, it occurred
in several pulses every 2 to 10 minutes, and only in a few polyps (less
than 5% of the total polyps/colony).  Only 1 25-cm diameter colony was
observed spawning eggs (pink-orange colored) at 21:15.  In addition, a few
eggs bundles were dispersed and carried away by the current between 20:47
and approximately 22:00 hrs.  These observations were made during calm
weather and slack high tide. Nothing else was observed during our dive.
   Some members of our research group were also diving at the eastern tip
of Flamenco Beach, Culebra Island, during the evening of August 15, 1998,
between 21:00 and 23:00.  No spawning was observed.
   In addition, according to Beatriz Martinez (Instituto de Oceanologia de
Cuba, personal communication), no spawning was observed in Cuba on August
15.
   Our observations suggest that it might be highly possible that we will
have an split spawning event this year, with most probable dates for mass
spawning during September 10-15, 1998 (4th. to 9th. evenings after full
moon).
Cheers,
Edwin A. Hernandez-Delgado
University of Puerto Rico
Department of Biology
Coral Reefs Research Group
P.O. Box 23360
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00931-3360
Tel (787) 764-0000, x-4855
Fax (787) 764-2610
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 26 22:30:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA14751; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 22:30:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA23055; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 22:36:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023051; Wed, 26 Aug 98 22:36:50 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA13440; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 02:25:38 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA13434; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 22:25:26 -0400
Received: (qmail 4089 invoked by uid 0); 27 Aug 1998 02:22:22 -0000
Message-ID: <19980827022222.4088.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 205.184.178.56 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Wed, 26 Aug 1998 19:22:21 PDT
X-Originating-IP: [205.184.178.56]
From: "Jason See" <jason_see@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Nitrogen Uptake
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Wed, 26 Aug 1998 19:22:21 PDT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 472
I am currently looking for recent publications concerning the uptake of
inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite) by corals.  If
anyone knows of any such publication (preferably published in the
1990's), please e-mail me with the bibliographical data.  Thanks for all
your help.
Jason See
University of Georgia
School of Marine Programs
Athens, Ga 30602
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 27 01:16:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA15712; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 01:16:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA25001; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 01:23:02 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024997; Thu, 27 Aug 98 01:22:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA14616; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 05:12:00 GMT
Received: from scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA14611; Thu, 27 Aug 1998 01:11:55 -0400
Received: from [38.26.22.12] (ip12.an11-new-york4.ny.pub-ip.psi.net [38.26.22.12])
	by scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id WAA10974
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 26 Aug 1998 22:09:27 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <l03130300b20a4581a413@[38.26.22.42]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Thu, 27 Aug 1998 01:12:35 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id BAA15712
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 473
Dear Coral Listers:
Coral Bleaching was evident on reefs off the island of New Britain (PNG).
These reefs are within the Bismarck Sea. Reports from Madang were similar.
I collected data from this site 8 months after the 95 hot spot data read
similar temps that induced coral bleaching, 8 months after the event corals
were in FULL recovery. 2 differences:sponge disease & high presence of CLOD
& CLD. Corals from this region have always recovered following bleaching
events, if the temps return to the normal range we should see the same
recovery rate.
(Note: minimal anthropogenic stresses)
Leaving Kimbe Bay area we headed in a North East direction sea water temps.
below 10 meters were 31-31.5 C. These temps were consistent with surface
temps above 10 meters as high as 32-33 C. High mortality rates of corals
from Bleaching in this temp range. Bleaching affected 75% of Acropora sp.
Porites, and Platygyra sp. Other bleached corals were; Porites, Montipora
sp (plate like morph along deep walls) .,  Sinularia sp., Echinopora
pacificus, Montastrea valencienesi, Fungia fungites, Fungia, concinna,
Podabacia crustacea, Alveopora spongiosa, Gonopora lobata, and Heteractis
magnifica are in early to middle stages of bleaching. In most cases
expulsion is evident. Bleaching as far down as 165 feet.
Diseases and Syndromes in the NE direction:
Black Band Disease:  5 isolated cases (middle to late stage of infection).
White Band Disease: Sporadic; less than 10% (middle to late stages of
infection).
CLOD Coraline lethal orange disease: in the NE direction to the father's
outer reefs (2 days out on boat) 90% affected from this epizootic, can be
seen with the CLD Coraline lethal disease on the same encrusting substrate.
(samples collected). When I say 90% I mean anywhere there is encrusting
pink calcareous rock, there is CLOD & CLD.
Sponge Disease: 90% of all Xestospongia testudinaria, and in some cases
Jaspis sp. the same disease is seen. Photos of the disease were taken along
with samples. Disease starts, most of the time, from the base up. At times
the sponge will appear healthy but the bottom is decayed and streams of
mucus is seen in the infected area.  There is a drastic difference between
this and fish bites. Fish bites: the holes or bite marks on the sponge are
on the sides and tops, bites are never seen at the base. Texture of sponge
in the bite lesion is intact, and sturdy, no signs of rotted tissue or
mucus. Some sponges are at least 4ft. tall.
 Anthella (seafan shape) sponge, are mottled with dark spots, similar (in
appearance) to the DSDisease affecting Siderastrea siderea in the
Caribbean.  Rotted tissue and large holes surrounded with brown mucus.
Photos and samples were taken.  This was only seen close to the coast, not
out at the far away reefs and atolls.  Locals asked about the sponges, they
confirm this to be current.
Porites Syndrome: (samples were collected) the inner reefs closer to the
coast had the depressed lesions along with streaming mucus and pink
filimentous blotches shown.  Can this be a parasitic flatworm? (Peer
communication Tegan Churcher, Moorea field station).
Parrotfish white spot biting (PWSB) was seen affecting 80% of the Porites
sp. (boulder type). Locals claim the PWSB has increased in the past few
years.
Acanthaster (crown of thorns): isolated (very few) cases.
Cyanobacteria (reds and bluegreens): quickly colonized on all exposed
substrates. Quite evident after the CLOD leaves the exposed limestone.
Thin layer of bluegreen, brown and red filamentous algae already covers 1/2
dead or fully dead Porites, Acropora and Platygyra and all other affected
corals. Pavona was seen smothering miles of Acroporids on a few  reef
sites. Cool water up-welling was said to trigger this outbreak of Pavona,
as the temps are now warming the Pavonas are dying, however, still
smothering high % of the corals at these sites. Recolonization from the
tips down can be seen in some cases.  WBD is seen at these sites.
RETURN to Kimbe Bay South West Direction:
Water temps ranged between 85 -86 F (29.5- 30C).
Drastic difference: 10% Bleaching of Acroporid sp. (early stages) is
evident, Just 1 to 2 degrees C,  difference , and the corals seemed
healthy. One or two isolated cases of early bleaching is seen on other
species of corals.
Diseases:
BBD was seen close to shore, 4 cases on Acroporid sp.
WBD: was also seen at the far away reefs and atolls, however one or two
isolated cases were only seen.
Sponge disease: consistent with the other sites where temps were warm.
CLOD & CLD: rarely seen
PWSB: Father's out reefs the biting slows down, any suggestions?
A detailed report for the GCRA Web Site will be available:
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~goreau
*******************************
James M. Cervino
Marine Biologist
Global Coral Reef Alliance
124-19 9th ave. College Point
New York, NY 11356
Phone/Fax (718) 539-8155
********************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 29 03:57:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA20270; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 03:57:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA03391; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 04:03:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003382; Sat, 29 Aug 98 04:02:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA03262; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 07:48:47 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA03257; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 03:48:42 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1332 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <628407-4426>; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 15:44:41 +0800
Message-ID: <35E7B180.D43D434B@ust.hk>
Date: 	Sat, 29 Aug 1998 15:45:04 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: http://www.underwater-gps.com/
References: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980826142426.5067F-100000@goliath.cnnet.clu.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 474
One French solution to the recent request for underwater GPS on this
list. An interesting set of products. I thank Mark Tepper of Patric
Trading HK for alerting me to this site.
Anyone looking for odd bits of marine survey and monitoring equipment
can contact Mark at: mark.tepper@ptc.com.hk
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 29 03:57:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA20270; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 03:57:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA03391; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 04:03:38 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003382; Sat, 29 Aug 98 04:02:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA03262; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 07:48:47 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA03257; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 03:48:42 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1332 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <628407-4426>; Sat, 29 Aug 1998 15:44:41 +0800
Message-ID: <35E7B180.D43D434B@ust.hk>
Date: 	Sat, 29 Aug 1998 15:45:04 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: http://www.underwater-gps.com/
References: <Pine.LNX.3.96.980826142426.5067F-100000@goliath.cnnet.clu.edu>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 475
One French solution to the recent request for underwater GPS on this
list. An interesting set of products. I thank Mark Tepper of Patric
Trading HK for alerting me to this site.
Anyone looking for odd bits of marine survey and monitoring equipment
can contact Mark at: mark.tepper@ptc.com.hk
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 31 11:10:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06275; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 11:10:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA14835; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 11:17:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014803; Mon, 31 Aug 98 11:17:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA25172; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 14:41:33 GMT
Message-Id: <199808311441.OAA25172@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sun, 30 Aug 1998 16:49:02 +1000 (GMT+1000)
From: Ernie Matson <eamatson@uog9.uog.edu>
To: Jason See <jason_see@hotmail.com>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Nitrogen Uptake
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 476
Sure Jason, I'll stop what I'm now doing and do your library research for
you.  By the way, would like the data interpreted for you also?  in SI
units or what?  May I help write your thesis proposal for you, or has
someone else volunterred for that?
Get lost. Strong Letter to follow.
Ernie Matson
On Wed, 26 Aug 1998, Jason See wrote:
> I am currently looking for recent publications concerning the uptake of
> inorganic nitrogen (ammonium, nitrate, and nitrite) by corals.  If
> anyone knows of any such publication (preferably published in the
> 1990's), please e-mail me with the bibliographical data.  Thanks for all
> your help.
>
> Jason See
> University of Georgia
> School of Marine Programs
> Athens, Ga 30602
>
> ______________________________________________________
> Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 31 13:32:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA10169; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:32:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA25604; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:39:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma025599; Mon, 31 Aug 98 13:38:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA26204; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 17:08:04 GMT
Received: from imo17.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA26199; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:08:01 -0400
From: CoralReefA@aol.com
Received: from CoralReefA@aol.com
	by imo17.mx.aol.com (IMOv16.1) id 3RGKa20006
	 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:05:12 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <ee430d45.35ead7c8@aol.com>
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:05:12 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Need UW Survey Equipment in St. Kitts
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Mac sub 84
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 477
Dear Sir, Madam,
	The French Mission here in St Kitts is tryin to set up a marine park in
collaboration with the local authorities. As part of this project, we will
also set up a reef monitoring system.
	For this reason, we have choosen the transect method but we need to know
where to get the equipment needed (Secchi Disk, refractometer for salinity
tests, thermometer (pressure and water resistant), tablets for
underwaternotes.....and every other equipment needed.
	If you had any information or idea about the way we would be able to get
this equipment (and the price also) (addresses, names and phone numbers of
companies ...in the Caribbean if possible, otherwise in the USA), I would
be very pleased if you could let it us know.
	We look forward to hearing from you soon and we thank you in advance.
		Best Regards
									B. ROUHAN
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 31 14:17:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA11514; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 14:16:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA27889; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 14:23:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027819; Mon, 31 Aug 98 14:22:46 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA26499; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 17:52:58 GMT
Received: from mail.nwlink.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA26494; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 13:52:54 -0400
Received: from default (ip156.usr3.usw.du.nwlink.com [209.20.133.156])
	by mail.nwlink.com (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA20242
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 31 Aug 1998 10:50:05 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.3.32.19980831105143.006b8014@pop.nwlink.com>
X-Sender: ewann@pop.nwlink.com
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.3 (32)
Date: Mon, 31 Aug 1998 10:51:43 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Ewann A. Berntson" <ewann@mcbi.org>
Subject: please...
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 478
Hello all,
I think this would be an excellent time to remind those subscribed to this
list about the 'no-flame' policy we try to uphold.  If you have a personal
problem with a particular message, please respond only to the author.
There are many of us out here who would rather not be involved.
Thanks,
Ewann
Ewann A. Berntson
Marine Conservation Biology Institute
15806 NE 47th Court
Redmond, WA  98052-5208
phone: (425) 883-8914
FAX: (425) 883-3017
ewann@mcbi.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 10:08:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA23949; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 10:08:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA02656; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 10:14:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002610; Tue, 1 Sep 98 10:13:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05089; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:01:51 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA05084; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 10:01:46 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id JAA22411; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 09:58:44 -0400
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 09:58:44 -0400
Message-Id: <199809011358.JAA22411@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: Bleaching expanding in Caribbean
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov, jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        J.McManus@cgnet.com, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net,
        Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 479
HotSpot Notes -- September 1, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
bleaching has expanded considerably southward into the
Caribbean [excessive ocean surface temperatures appear to be
fueling Hurricane Danielle as it moves to the NW of Bermuda,
away from the upwelled track left by Hurricane Bonnie:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/anomnight.9.1.1998.gif]:
    	Florida Keys*
	Belize
	Cozumel
	Honduras
	Panama
     	Grand Cayman+*
     	Virgin Islands-
     	Lesser Antilles - southern+
     	Dutch Antilles-*
    Also:
	Bermuda+
     	Bahamas-*
	Baja - Cabo San Lucas
Over the Eastern Hemisphere:
     	Red Sea [central & south]
     	Philippines [all except SW areas]**
     	Okinawa area & S. Japan*
	Gulf of Oman
	Arabian Sea*
Verifications appreciated...
[+ = increasing; - = decreasing; * = verified]
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 13:36:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA28884; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:35:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA15197; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:42:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015156; Tue, 1 Sep 98 13:41:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA06692; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 17:31:16 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA06687; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:31:12 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id NAA22708; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:28:16 -0400
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:28:16 -0400
Message-Id: <199809011728.NAA22708@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: CORRECTION -- Bleaching expanding in Caribbean
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov, jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        J.McManus@cgnet.com, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net,
        Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 480
...ADD Jamaica to the list of bleaching potential...
HotSpot Notes -- September 1, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
bleaching has expanded considerably southward into the
Caribbean [excessive ocean surface temperatures appear to be
fueling Hurricane Danielle as it moves to the NW of Bermuda,
away from the upwelled track left by Hurricane Bonnie:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/anomnight.9.1.1998.gif]:
    	Florida Keys*
	Belize
	Cozumel
	Jamaica+
	Honduras
	Panama
     	Grand Cayman+*
     	Virgin Islands-
     	Lesser Antilles - southern+
     	Dutch Antilles-*
    Also:
	Bermuda+
     	Bahamas-*
	Baja - Cabo San Lucas
Over the Eastern Hemisphere:
     	Red Sea [central & south]
     	Philippines [all except SW areas]**
     	Okinawa area & S. Japan*
	Gulf of Oman
	Arabian Sea*
Verifications appreciated...
[+ = increasing; - = decreasing; * = verified]
AES
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 13:36:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA28871; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:35:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA15194; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:42:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015155; Tue, 1 Sep 98 13:41:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA06631; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 17:23:48 GMT
Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA06625; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:23:28 -0400
Received: from minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm [196.3.0.2])
	by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id NAA24761;
	Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:11:20 -0400 (GMT+4:00)
Received: from localhost by minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA29270; Tue, 1 Sep 98 12:12:44-050
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 12:12:44 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov,
        bbest@usaid.gov, cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov, jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        J.McManus@cgnet.com, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net,
        Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Bleaching expanding in Caribbean
In-Reply-To: <199809011358.JAA22411@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.980901120617.27067C-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 481
Jamaica has not been on your lists for a while, nor has there yet been any
major bleaching at Discovery Bay: but the SST last Wednesday was 29.9C.
Jeremy Woodley
On Tue, 1 Sep 1998 astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov wrote:
> HotSpot Notes -- September 1, 1998
>
> NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
> bleaching has expanded considerably southward into the
> Caribbean [excessive ocean surface temperatures appear to be
> fueling Hurricane Danielle as it moves to the NW of Bermuda,
> away from the upwelled track left by Hurricane Bonnie:
> http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/anomnight.9.1.1998.gif]:
>
>     	Florida Keys*
> 	Belize
> 	Cozumel
> 	Honduras
> 	Panama
>      	Grand Cayman+*
>      	Virgin Islands-
>      	Lesser Antilles - southern+
>      	Dutch Antilles-*
>
>     Also:
> 	Bermuda+
>      	Bahamas-*
> 	Baja - Cabo San Lucas
>
> Over the Eastern Hemisphere:
>
>      	Red Sea [central & south]
>      	Philippines [all except SW areas]**
>      	Okinawa area & S. Japan*
> 	Gulf of Oman
> 	Arabian Sea*
>
> Verifications appreciated...
> [+ = increasing; - = decreasing; * = verified]
>
> AES
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
> Alan E. Strong
>   Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
>   5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
>         Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
>           http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 15:15:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA00465; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:15:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA22799; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:22:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022771; Tue, 1 Sep 98 15:21:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA07622; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 19:13:50 GMT
Received: from media1.caribsurf.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA07617; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:13:44 -0400
Received: from default ([205.214.206.31]) by media1.caribsurf.com
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with ESMTP id 445
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:12:42 -0500
From: "ICLARM CEPO" <iclarm@caribsurf.com>
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter - call for contributions
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:36:15 -0300
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1161
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-ID: <19980901201239484.AAB333.445@default>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 482
REEF ENCOUNTER No. 24
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Dear all,
We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef
Encounter. We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to
a couple of pages on any aspect of reef studies, including news,
comments, short reviews (but not original scientific data) and
especially
illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline is 1st October and text sent by
email is strongly preferred. You can also send illustrations (and
text if desired) to the address at the end of this message.
Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson,   iclarm@caribsurf.com
David Obura,     dobura@africaonline.co.ke
Kristian Teleki,   kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef
Studies and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts,
cr10@york.ac.uk
Thanks,
Maggie, David and Kristian
____________________________________________
ICLARM Caribbean/Eastern Pacific Office,
c/o Conservation and Fisheries Department,
P.O. Box 3323, Road Town, Tortola,
British Virgin Islands.
Tel.:1-284-494 5681(office hours) or 1-284-496 6055 (mobile - any
time)
Fax: 1-284-494 2670
e-mail: iclarm@caribsurf.com
============================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 16:26:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA01728; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:25:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27881; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:32:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027855; Tue, 1 Sep 98 16:32:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA08137; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 20:25:42 GMT
Received: from zeus.zeus.cofc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA08132; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:25:37 -0400
Received: from elmo2.cofc.edu by zeus.zeus.cofc.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id QAA08953; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:21:36 -0400
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980901163612.00bc33f0@zeus.cofc.edu>
X-Sender: pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Tue, 01 Sep 1998 16:36:12 -0700
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Phillip Dustan <pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu>
Subject: Applications invited for Director of  Marine Biology Graduate
  Program
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 483
Director, Graduate Program in Marine Biology
Applications are invited for the Director of the M.S. Degree Program in Marine
Biology at the University of Charleston, South Carolina.  The position
involves
50% administrative duties and 50% research and teaching.  The program is
housed at the Grice Marine Laboratory at Fort Johnson on Charleston Harbor.
 The
graduate faculty comprises over 100 individuals from the Univ. of Charleston
and other Fort Johnson institutions including the Marine Resources Research
Institute of the SC DNR, the Medical U. of South Carolina, the NOAA/NOS Center
for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, and The Citadel.
The eleven-month appointment carries faculty status at the Associate Professor
or Professor level in the Dept. of Biology at the College/University of
Charleston.  Candidates should have: 1) demonstrated scientific achievement as
evidenced by publications and a record of externally funded research in marine
biology, 2) teaching experience in graduate and undergraduate programs, 3)
administrative experience, particularly in a marine laboratory/university
setting.  An earned Ph.D. is required.  Applicants should submit by 6
November1998, a curriculum vita, recent publications, and three letters of
reference to:  Chair, Dept. of Biology, University of Charleston, Charleston,
SC  29424.  Further information is available at
<http://www.cofc.edu/~biology/biology.htm>www.cofc.edu/~biology/biology.htm.
The University of Charleston is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action
Employer and encourages applications from women and minorities.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Phillip Dustan	 			pdustan@zeus.cofc.edu
Department of Biology		www.cofc.edu/~coral
College of Charleston
Charleston SC 29424
(843) 953-8086
(843)953-5453 Fax
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 16:26:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA01726; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:25:55 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA27874; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:32:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027856; Tue, 1 Sep 98 16:32:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA08113; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 20:23:13 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA08108; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:23:09 -0400
Received: by KENNESAW_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <QZGC5D45>; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 16:20:15 -0400
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F02ACC5@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bbest@usaid.gov, cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov, jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov,
        J.McManus@cgnet.com, ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov,
        Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov, mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov, pthomas@state.gov,
        rhayes@fac.howard.edu, Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov, goreau@bestweb.net,
        Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov
Subject: RE: CORRECTION -- Bleaching expanding in Caribbean
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:14:24 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 484
Just returned from the Bahamas after a week long reef monitoring trip.
Corals of the central Bahamas show extensive bleaching.  Over 60% of all
head corals are bleached to a depth of 20 meters around New Providence
Island.  Extensive bleaching (around 80%) between 15-20 meters depth.
Montastrea cavernosa not bleached at all at any site or at any depth.
Acropora palmata bleached on the upper sides of only the shallow most
branches at Goulding Cay and Andros Island.  Local dive operators
consider this to be most extensive bleaching event known to date.
Note surface water temps cooled by 2 degrees C in approximately 48 hours
after the passage of large, long-period swell generated by Hurricane
Bonnie.
William F. Precht
Natural Resources Manager
LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.
5845 NW 158th Street
Miami Lakes, FL  33014
ph (305) 826-5588
fax (305) 826-1799
> -----Original Message-----
> From:	astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov [SMTP:astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov]
> Sent:	Tuesday, September 01, 1998 1:28 PM
> To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Cc:	apaterson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov; bbest@usaid.gov;
> cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov; jdaguanno@nesdis.noaa.gov;
> jpurdom@nesdis.noaa.gov; J.McManus@CGNET.COM;
> ldantzler@nesdis.noaa.gov; eakin@ogp.noaa.gov;
> Michael.Crosby@noaa.gov; mvanwoert@nesdis.noaa.gov; pthomas@state.gov;
> rhayes@fac.howard.edu; Roger.B.Griffis@noaa.gov; goreau@bestweb.net;
> Tom.Hourigan@noaa.gov
> Subject:	CORRECTION -- Bleaching expanding in Caribbean
>
> ...ADD Jamaica to the list of bleaching potential...
>
>
> HotSpot Notes -- September 1, 1998
>
> NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
> bleaching has expanded considerably southward into the
> Caribbean [excessive ocean surface temperatures appear to be
> fueling Hurricane Danielle as it moves to the NW of Bermuda,
> away from the upwelled track left by Hurricane Bonnie:
> http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/data/anomnight.9.1.199
> 8.gif]:
>
>     	Florida Keys*
> 	Belize
> 	Cozumel
> 	Jamaica+
> 	Honduras
> 	Panama
>      	Grand Cayman+*
>      	Virgin Islands-
>      	Lesser Antilles - southern+
>      	Dutch Antilles-*
>
>     Also:
> 	Bermuda+
>      	Bahamas-*
> 	Baja - Cabo San Lucas
>
> Over the Eastern Hemisphere:
>
>      	Red Sea [central & south]
>      	Philippines [all except SW areas]**
>      	Okinawa area & S. Japan*
> 	Gulf of Oman
> 	Arabian Sea*
>
> Verifications appreciated...
> [+ = increasing; - = decreasing; * = verified]
>
> AES
>
> **** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <><
> *****
> Alan E. Strong
>   Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res
> Professor
>   NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
>   NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography
> Department
>   5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD
> 21402
>   Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
>         Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
>   301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
>           http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 18:44:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA04217; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:44:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA03279; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:50:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003263; Tue, 1 Sep 98 18:49:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA09151; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 22:34:12 GMT
Received: from snipe.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA09146; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:34:08 -0400
Received: from 38.30.141.37 (ipa37.miami15.fl.pub-ip.psi.net [38.30.141.37])
	by snipe.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA16668;
	Tue, 1 Sep 1998 15:31:04 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <35EC3C79.5124@earthlink.net>
Date: Tue, 01 Sep 1998 18:27:03 +0000
From: Alexander Stone <reefkeeper@earthlink.net>
Reply-To: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.0 (Macintosh; I; 68K)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, aoc-fishlink@igc.org
Subject: US Caribbean half-time position
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 485
U.S. Caribbean Conservation Representative
half-time opportunity
Earn US$850 a month working 20 hours a week
on assignments to protect coral reefs
DESCRIPTION: As an Independent Contractor, you will work from your own
work-place to monitor regulatory actions on coral reef issues in Puerto
Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, prepare written comments on proposed
regulatory actions, attend and report on agency and citizen group
meetings, make verbal comments at public hearings, and speak on issues
at citizen group meetings.
REEFKEEPER INTERNATIONAL:We are an international non-profit conservation
organization exclusively dedicated to the protection of coral reefs and
their marine life. Campaigns center on achieving sustainable reef
fisheries and protecting coral reefs from dredging, pollution, and
coastal development.
COMPENSATION: As an Independent Contractor, you will receive a monthly
retainer of $850, based on completion of a set of specific monthly
assignments requiring approximately 20 hours a week.
ASSIGNMENT COMPONENTS:
	o monitor regulatory agencies by phone regarding coral reef issues
	o review & report on regulatory & permitting proposals affecting coral
reefs
	o prepare written comments on regulatory and permitting proposals
	o attend & report on DAYTIME agency meetings (two - three times a
month)
	o deliver verbal comments at EVENING public hearings
	o attend and provide issue information at civic group EVENING meetings
REQUIREMENTS:
	o English-Spanish bilingual speaker
	o ability to interpret biological & ecological information
	o good writing (English) and speaking abilities
	o attention to detail & organization
	o have personal transportation to reach meetings & hearings in San Juan
	o flexibility to make 1-day trips to Virgin Islands once a month
PREFERENCES:
	o familiarity with coral reefs & marine resource issues
	o certified SCUBA diver
	o located within commuting distance of San Juan
TO APPLY: Send a letter of interest and resume outlining your
qualifications, and a writing sample (term paper, etc) BY OCT.5TH to our
Miami Operations Center.
ReefKeeper International
2809 Bird Avenue - Suite 162 / Miami, FL 33133
e-mail: reefkeeper@earthlink.net
fax (305) 358-3030
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  1 18:47:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA04254; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:47:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA03386; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:53:30 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003379; Tue, 1 Sep 98 18:53:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA09204; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 22:40:37 GMT
Received: from Njord.bart.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA09199; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 18:40:32 -0400
Received: from bart.nl (s051.rotterdam.bart.nl [194.158.175.51]) by Njord.bart.nl (8.8.4/8.6.8) with ESMTP id BAA20677; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 01:00:53 +0200 (CEST)
Message-ID: <35EC76ED.BC6B3745@bart.nl>
Date: Wed, 02 Sep 1998 00:36:29 +0200
From: Ed Colijn <edcolijn@bart.nl>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [nl] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: [Fwd: WWF job announcement]
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------D9F095047998D1D59C05D9F3"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 486
Dit is een multi-gedeelten-bericht in MIME-formaat.
--------------D9F095047998D1D59C05D9F3
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
FYI.
--
Ed Colijn
edcolijn@bart.nl
The Indonesian Nature Conservation Database
http://www.bart.nl/~edcolijn/
--------------D9F095047998D1D59C05D9F3
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-Disposition: inline
Received: by odin for edcolijn
 (with Cubic Circle's cucipop (v1.21 1997/08/10) Tue Sep  1 20:13:31 1998)
X-From_: owner-cturtle@LISTS.UFL.EDU  Tue Sep  1 20:09:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-cturtle@LISTS.UFL.EDU>
Received: from listserv-mail.surfnet.nl (listserv-mail.surfnet.nl [192.87.5.141])
	by odin.bart.nl (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id UAA26651
	for <edcolijn@BART.NL>; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 20:09:08 +0100 (WET DST)
Received: from listserv-mail (listserv-mail.surfnet.nl) by listserv-mail.surfnet.nl (LSMTP for Windows NT v1.1b) with SMTP id <0.0014F582@listserv-mail.surfnet.nl>; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 20:12:59 +0200
Received: from LISTS.UFL.EDU by LISTS.UFL.EDU (LISTSERV-TCP/IP release 1.8c)
          with spool id 4416827 for CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU; Tue, 1 Sep 1998
          14:08:55 -0400
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com (smtp.cenmarine.com [207.239.159.135]) by
          lists.ufl.edu (8.9.0/8.9.0/2.0.0) with SMTP id OAA28906 for
          <cturtle@lists.ufl.edu>; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:08:54 -0400
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com via Connect2-SMTP
          4.20A; Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:09:38 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by lists.ufl.edu id OAA28906
Message-ID:  <8FF4EB3501BD2576@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date:         Tue, 1 Sep 1998 14:09:06 -0400
Reply-To: Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation <CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU>
Sender: Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation <CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU>
From: donnelm%dccmc@CENMARINE.COM
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
Subject:      WWF job announcement
To: CTURTLE@LISTS.UFL.EDU
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by Njord.bart.nl id BAA20677
Dear CTURTLERS,
Below please find  position announcements in English and Spanish for
WWF's Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef Ecoregional Project Coordinator.  The
Ecoregional Coordinator will coordinate all activities related to WWF's
efforts to conserve the coral reefs and related coastal/marine ecosystems
that stretch from the northern end of the Yucatan Peninsula to the Bay
Islands.   The closing date is September 18.
bye!  Marydele
 JOB ANNOUNCEMENT
WORLD WILDLIFE FUND, (WWF) the world's largest independent conservation
organization with a network active in more than 100 countries, needs a
MESOAMERICAN CARIBBEAN REEF ECOREGION COORDINATOR
To be based in Belize City, Belize, to oversee the development and
implementation of the Mesoamerican Caribbean Reef Ecoregion (MACR)
conservation project in the context of the four countries committed to
this ecoregion (Mexico, Belize, Guatemala and Honduras). This position is
a joint effort between WWF=DDs Central America and Mexico Program Offices.
The Coordinator will be required to organize and facilitate the
development of a conservation plan for  the MACR ecoregion, according to
the methodology proposed by WWF and will serve as the WWF primary staff
contact on the MACR initiative. The position will also coordinate the
MACR conservation plan implementation.  This includes:
working with project partners to develop proposals consistent with WWF
program and project objectives for the MACR ecoregion; developing and
implementing the monitoring and evaluation system for the MACR ecoregion
conservation plan*s effective implementation; developing a fundraising
strategy and identifying opportunities to support the MACR initiative and
assisting the WWF MACR team to maintain donor relations; maintaining
strong and effective working relationships with collaborating
organizations;
performing site inspections and follow-up, monitoring project
performance, and providing technical assistance as appropriate;
establishing and managing the WWF project office for the MACR
ecoregion-based conservation initiative in Belize City, Belize;
maintaining close coordination with the WWF MACR team; communicating
effectively and maintaining relationships with colleagues, grantees,
scientists, host government officials, non-government organization
officials, and others in the ecoregion;
The candidate will have an advanced degree (PhD or Master's Degree) or
equivalent education/certification in coastal/marine resource management,
environmental science or a related field. Knowledge of  marine resource
management and tropical coastal/marine conservation and policy issues is
required.
At least five years of experience in Latin America in marine conservation
or coastal/marine resource management is required. It is essential that
the individual is technically proficient and qualified in the fields of
biological conservation, community based development, coastal/marine
natural protected areas design and integrated coastal zone management.
The position requires total fluency in English and Spanish.  Computer
literacy is required.  Administrative and management experience is
essential along with diplomatic skills and a desire to work in a
multi-ethnic environment.  Excellent oral and written communications
skills as well as willingness to travel extensively are required.
Organizational, political, and research skills, critical insight, good
judgement,  flexibility, ability to take initiative and to work in a
collaborative, team-building environment is necessary.
Qualified applicants are encouraged to apply.  Please send your CV and
cover letter to:
Miguel Cifuentes
WWF *Central America Regional Office
7170 CATIE, Apartado 70
Turrialba, Costa Rica.
The closing date for applications is Friday, September 18,1998 at 16:00
hrs.
 OFERTA DE TRABAJO
El Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza  (WWF), la organizaci_n independiente
de conservaci_n m=E1s grande del mundo, con una red activa en m=E1s de 10=
0
pa_ses, necesita un
COORDINADOR PARA EL PROYECTO EN LA ECOREGION DEL ARRECIFE MESOAMERICANO
DEL CARIBE.
 Estar=E1 ubicado en Ciudad Belice, Belice para supervisar el desarrollo =
e
implementaci_n del Proyecto de Conservaci_n de la Ecoregi_n del Arrecife
Mesoamericano del Caribe (AMC), en el contexto de los cuatro pa_ses que
contienen esta ecorregi_n (M_xico, Belice, Guatemala y Honduras). El
puesto se enmarca tambi_n en los programas del WWF para Am_rica Central y
M_xico.
El Coordinador organizar=E1 y facilitar=E1 la formulaci_n de un Plan de
Conservaci_n Ecoregional (PCE) para el AMC, de acuerdo con la metodolog_a
propuesta por el WWF; y servir=E1 como la persona de contacto principal e=
n
la iniciativa del AMC. Se encargar=E1 de la ejecuci_n del PCE, lo que
incluye desarrollar, junto con los socios,  propuestas congruentes con
los objetivos del proyecto y del programa del WWF para la ecorregi_n del
AMC; desarrollar e implementar el sistema de monitoreo y evaluaci_n de la
ejecuci_n del PCE; desarrollar una estrategia de consecuci_n de fondos,
identificar oportunidades de apoyo para la iniciativa del AMC y asistir
al equipo del WWF para la ecoregi_n a mantener las relaciones con
donantes; realizar inspecciones de sitio y proveer seguimiento y
asistencia t_cnica a `proyectos especificos; establecer y manejar la
oficina del proyecto en Ciudad Belice, Belice; comunicarse efectivamente
y mantener relaciones con colegas, beneficiarios de subvenciones,
cient_ficos, funcionarios gubernamentales y no-gubernamentales y otros;
promover el intercambio y la sinergia entre los muchos socios y actores
en la ecorregi_n del AMC.
El Candidato debe tener un grado avanzado  (Ph.D. o Master) o certificado
de educaci_n equivalente, en manejo de recursos costero-marinos, ciencias
ambientales o materias relacionadas. Se requieren conocimientos de manejo
de recursos marinos,  de conservaci_n y pol_ticas de ambientes
costero-marinos tropicales.
Se requieren, adem=E1s, al menos cinco a=F1os de experiencia en Am_rica
Latina, en conservaci_n marina o manejo de recursos costero-marinos. Es
esencial que la persona sea t_cnicamente capaz y calificada en los campos
de  biolog_a de la conservaci_n, desarrollo comunitario, dise=F1o de =E1r=
eas
protegidas costero-marinas y manejo integrado de zonas costeras.
El puesto requiere fluencia total en Ingl_s y Espa=F1ol y destrezas en
computaci_n. Es esencial tener experiencia administrativa y gerencial y
una actitud diplom=E1tica, junto con el deseo de trabajar en un ambiente
multi_tnico. Se requieren tambi_n excelentes capacidades para comunicarse
oralmente y por escrito y disposici_n a viajar extensivamente.  Se
necesita tener capacidad organizativa, pol_tica y para investigaci_n,
discernimiento cr_tico y buen juicio, flexibilidad, habilidad para tomar
la iniciativa, trabajar en equipo y en un ambiente colaborativo.
Las personas interesadas que cumplan con estos requisitos por favor
env_en sus CV y una carta de aplicaci_n a:
WWF*Oficina Regional para Am_rica Central
Re: Coordinador AMC
7170 CATIE, Apartado 70
Turrialba, Costa Rica.
Se recibir=E1n aplicaciones hasta las 16:00 hrs del Viernes 18 de
Septiembre de 1998.
--------------D9F095047998D1D59C05D9F3--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  2 07:50:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA08962; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:50:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA01530; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:57:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001501; Wed, 2 Sep 98 07:56:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA14416; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 11:56:21 GMT
Message-Id: <199809021156.LAA14416@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 01 Sep 1998 11:00:14 +0000
From: Debbie Bronk <dbronk@arches.uga.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Matson's message
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 487
Dear Coral-List,
     I feel compelled to respond to Mr. Matson=92s diatribe against a new
student in my laboratory.  Jason See has been working on an exhaustive
literature search since arriving several weeks ago at the University of
Georgia.  His interest is the intracellular assimilation of nitrogen by
corals.  Though there appears to be an abundant literature prior to
1983, he found that it gets pretty sparse after that for some reason.
Why?  Though I do study nitrogen cycling in marine and aquatic systems,
I am not familiar with the literature on coral physiology so I couldn=92t
advise him on reasons for the apparent lack of interest in the topic.
As part of his research, he found the coral list server and thought that
might be a way to get more information.  I encouraged him to do it,
thinking that it would be a good way to meet people in the field
informally.  I further encouraged him to keep the message short which
may have resulted in the negative view of his request.  Jason was in no
way suggesting that someone do a literature search for him.  He was
trying to find references that he may have missed but more importantly
to see what people were working on now.  Did anyone have a paper in
press or submitted that they would be willing to share?  Who is working
on intracellular nitrogen uptake in corals at the moment?  Collecting
this type of information is necessary and prudent before choosing a
thesis topic - you don=92t want to spend years working on a project just
to find that someone is already well on the well to publishing a similar
study.
    Jason is a hard-working enthusiastic new student and his e-mail
message on the coral list serve was his first foray into contacting a
broader scientific community.  Mr. Matson=92s response was rude and highly
inappropriate.  The fact that he made the announcement public is
unconscionable.  If you are busy, ignore the message.  If you have
pertinent information you would care to share, please do so.  Students
should be encouraged every step of the way.  They are our future
colleagues and collaborators and we should help them become the best
scientists they can be.  In closing, I thank the many researchers who
took the time to pen a note or make a phone call to apologize for Mr.
Matson=92s behavior - you were the silver lining on a very bad experience.
With regards,
Debbie Bronk
Assistant Professor
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  2 07:50:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA08960; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:50:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA01532; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:57:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001502; Wed, 2 Sep 98 07:56:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA14358; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 11:51:13 GMT
Message-Id: <199809021151.LAA14358@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 1 Sep 1998 13:01:49 -0700 (PDT)
From: Vanese Flood <vanesef@yahoo.com>
Subject: Questionable Subscriber attitudes
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 488
Dear Coral list,
I can't help but wonder what sort of "list" I'm on?  The recent
exceedingly rude response to a subscriber is unnecessary and prohibitive
to progress.  If this is going to be the tone, then please remove me from
the list.  I have enjoyed the discussions and have found much of it to be
of assistance professionally and academically.
Vanese Flood
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  2 07:51:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA09063; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:51:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA01573; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 07:58:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001557; Wed, 2 Sep 98 07:57:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA14462; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 11:57:58 GMT
Message-Id: <199809021157.LAA14462@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 1998 10:33:17 +1100
From: lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au (lizard)
Subject: 1999 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 489
    Coral reef PhD students - don't forget ....
    closing date for the 1999 Lizard Island Doctoral Fellowship (Great
    Barrier Reef, Australia) is
                        ******************
                        * 1 October 1998 *
                        ******************
    For information, see:
    http://www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/lizfello.htm
________________________________________________________________________
Dr Anne Hoggett and Dr Lyle Vail, Directors
Lizard Island Research Station
PMB 37
Cairns QLD 4871
Australia
Phone and fax: + 61 (0)7 4060-3977
lizard@amsg.austmus.gov.au
http://www.austmus.gov.au/science/projects/lizard/
________________________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  2 14:04:01 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA16190; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 14:03:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA24901; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 14:10:20 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024867; Wed, 2 Sep 98 14:09:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA17525; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 17:53:14 GMT
Received: from u3.farm.idt.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA17520; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 13:53:10 -0400
Received: from oemcomputer (ppp-32.ts-2.nyc.idt.net [169.132.96.104])
	by u3.farm.idt.net (8.8.8/8.8.5) with SMTP id NAA20091
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 13:50:09 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35ED8516.6F5E@idt.net>
Date: Wed, 02 Sep 1998 13:49:10 -0400
From: "Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D." <dthoney@idt.net>
Reply-To: dthoney@idt.net
Organization: NY Aquarium
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-IDT-v5  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Post doc advertisement
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------555B40FDE90"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 490
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------555B40FDE90
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Attached is a Post Doctorate job annoucement.
--
Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D.
General Curator
New York Aquarium
Wildlife Conservation Society
Boardwalk and West 8th St.
Brooklyn, NY 11224
www.wcs.org
--------------555B40FDE90
Content-Type: application/wordperfect5.1; name="postdoc.txt.wpd"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="postdoc.txt.wpd"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--------------555B40FDE90--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  2 23:01:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA22294; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 23:01:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA10020; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 23:07:29 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010015; Wed, 2 Sep 98 23:07:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA21333; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 03:04:28 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA21328; Wed, 2 Sep 1998 23:04:23 -0400
Message-Id: <199809030304.XAA21328@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.26] [130.111.160.26] by MAINE.maine.edu (IBM VM SMTP Level 310) via TCP with SMTP ; Wed, 02 Sep 1998 22:58:18 EDT
Subject: Benthic Ecology Meeting
Date: Wed, 2 Sep 98 23:01:39 -0400
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 491
Dear Colleagues,
  The 1999 Benthic Ecology Meeting  will be held in Baton Rouge, LA,
March 25-28.  This is the largest annual meeting of marine benthic
ecologists in the United States and it is becoming more international
every year.  If you are interested but have not received an announcement
for this meeting from Kevin Carman (one of the hosts), you should send
your e-mail address to:  bem99@unix1.sncc.lsu.edu.  Past years there have
been excellent papers about coral reefs.  Perhaps I'll see you there.
  Sincerely,
  Bob Steneck
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D.
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep  3 12:39:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA01535; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 12:39:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA01455; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 12:45:43 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001449; Thu, 3 Sep 98 12:45:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA26929; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 16:40:04 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA26923; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 12:40:00 -0400
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA14148
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 12:32:39 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1307296272.76935@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 3 Sep 1998 12:24:55 -0400
From: "Haskell, Ben" <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: More Florida Keys Bleaching
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA01535
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 492
Below are my snorkeling observations on 8/25/98 of coral bleaching in the Western Sambo Ecological Reserve in the lower Florida Keys along an offshore to inshore transect. Not meant to be a comprehensive account of all corals.
Definitions:
Intensity of bleaching (whiteness): low, moderate, heavy, mortality
Cover of bleaching: X%
Offshore Buttress Zone:
Depth: 35'
Temp: 26C (this seems low to me but that's what YSI meter read at 35', 30C at surface)
Overall bleaching: moderate, 60-80% bleaching cover
M. annularis: moderate to heavy, 50-80% cover
C. natans: moderate, 40-60% cover
Sid. sid: light
A. cervicornis: mod-heavy, 60-80%
Reef crest:
Millepora: heavy, 100% cover
A. palmata: heavy, 80%
Back Reef:
A. palmata: heavy, some mortality with algal overgrowth, 90% cover
Offshore patch reef (behind back reef):
Temp: 31C
Depth: 20-30'
Sid. sid: heavy, 80-100% cover (note difference between here and offshore)
E. fastigiata: moderate
Mid Channel Patch Reef (in Hawk's Channel- our equivalent to a lagoon except deeper and chronically turbid- contains many luxuriant patch reefs with immense soft corals (2 m high)):
Depth: 10'
Temp: 31C
M. cavernosa: moderate, 60-80% cover
M. ann.: moderate, 60-80% cover
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep  3 16:49:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA06566; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 16:49:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA14559; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 16:55:43 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014550; Thu, 3 Sep 98 16:55:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA28677; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 20:46:34 GMT
Received: from u2.farm.idt.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA28672; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 16:46:25 -0400
Received: from oemcomputer (ppp-20.ts-16.nyc.idt.net [169.132.101.92])
	by u2.farm.idt.net (8.8.8/8.8.5) with SMTP id QAA09835
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 3 Sep 1998 16:43:21 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35EEF8A6.9FD@idt.net>
Date: Thu, 03 Sep 1998 16:14:30 -0400
From: "Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D." <dthoney@idt.net>
Reply-To: dthoney@idt.net
Organization: NY Aquarium
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-IDT-v5  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Post Doc advertisement
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------5DBE50C12286"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 493
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------5DBE50C12286
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
I am resubmitting the post doc advertisement as text since some were
unable to open it.
--
Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D.
General Curator
New York Aquarium
Wildlife Conservation Society
Boardwalk and West 8th St.
Brooklyn, NY 11224
www.wcs.org
--------------5DBE50C12286
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="postdoc.txt.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="postdoc.txt.txt"
The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), was founded in 1895 as the New York
Zoological Society.  WCS now manages over 250 wildlife conservation projects in over
52 countries.  In New York City, WCS operates the Bronx Zoo, the New York Aquarium,
the Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences, and the Central Park, Prospect Park, and
Queens Wildlife Centers.  WCS also manages the St. Catherine's Island Wildlife
Survival Center, a facility for studying and breeding endangered species located off the
Georgia coast.
The mission of WCS's Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences (OLMS) is completely
devoted to conservation research.  OLMS research programs focus on: 1. Fisheries
(improved quantitative assessment and fishery analysis, bycatch, coastal sharks &
migratory fishes, and international artisanal & freshwater fisheries); 2. Coral
Ecosystems (coral aquaculture & basic biology, coral ecosystem ecology, and coral
microbiology & parasitology); 3. Coastal Ecosystems (environmental biology &
assessment); and, 4. Aquaculture Technology (new technologies for advancing
capabilities for culturing and studying aquatic species and habitats).
WCS has a long history of field-based research and conservation in the marine
environment, including projects in Belize and Kenya on corals and reef management
and the effects of fishing on reef ecosystems, and many projects on marine mammals
particularly in Argentina and Peru related to growing conflicts with local fisheries.
Concurrently, the development of a coral research and aquaculture facility in the
Osborn Labs has expanded WCS's capabilities for basic, quantitative research on the
effects of environmental change and specific human impacts on corals as well as on
coral diseases.
As an important part of the OLMS conservation research program, WCS is seeking to
fill a new position: Post Doctoral Research Fellow in Coral Biology & Ecology. This
position will help develop the coral research program using laboratory-based research
to support conservation efforts.
The Post Doc in Coral Biology & Ecology will report to the Director of the Coral
Laboratory, and will directly coordinate and supervise the Coral Laboratory Assistant
Research Technician and Graduate Students.  The successful candidate will: conduct
laboratory and field research in coral reef biology; publish scientific research conducted
in the laboratory and the field;  assist in identifying, attracting, and acquiring both short-
and long-term funding necessary to implement the development of coral reef research
and conservation programs; provide technical support for WCS's marine policy
initiatives; and, participate in and represent WCS at scientific conferences.
Qualifications:  Ph.D. in marine ecology, marine biology or closely related field, strong
background experience in coral research, propagation of marine organisms, and a
demonstrated publication capability with strong interpersonal, presentation, and team
skills.
Please send curriculum vitae, a summary statement of your
research and conservation interests, and references to: Dr. Paul J. Boyle, Director,
Osborn Laboratories of Marine Sciences, New York Aquarium, Boardwalk & West 8th
Street, Brooklyn, NY 11224, or to pboyle@idt.net    .
The Wildlife Conservation Society is an Equal Opportunity  Employer.
--------------5DBE50C12286--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep  4 08:06:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA12418; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 08:06:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA29098; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 08:12:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029023; Fri, 4 Sep 98 08:11:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA04814; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 12:07:40 GMT
Message-Id: <199809041207.MAA04814@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 4 Sep 1998 08:04:57 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching, Spawing Archives Updated
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 494
Ladies & Gents,
	The list of reports of coral bleaching and spawning--as reported
through coral-list--has been updated and can be located via the links
under "Data" on the CHAMP Home Page at URL:
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
|                                                       |
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   |
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  |
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       |
| Miami, Florida                                        |
| USA                                                   |
|                                                       |
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |
|                                                       |
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep  4 18:56:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA24738; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 18:55:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA01706; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 19:02:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001692; Fri, 4 Sep 98 19:02:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA09502; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 22:42:34 GMT
Received: from proxy4.ba.best.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA09496; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 18:42:29 -0400
Received: from carterg.vip.best.com (dynamic57.pm05.san-mateo.best.com [205.149.176.57])
	by proxy4.ba.best.com (8.9.0/8.9.0/best.out) with ESMTP id PAA17434
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 4 Sep 1998 15:37:34 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <35EF3CC2.2AD7F65C@orf.org>
Date: Thu, 03 Sep 1998 18:05:06 -0700
From: "Greg L. Carter" <gcarter@orf.org>
Organization: Oceanic Resource Foundation
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.01 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: ORF Newsletter
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-Corel-MessageType: EMail
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 495
Greetings Coral-Listers!
The Summer 98 issue of Currents, the quarterly newsletter of the Oceanic
Resource Foundation has been posted to the ORF website. This newsletter
is in Adobe Acrobat Reader pdf file format. There is a direct link on
the ORF web page to the Adobe website where Acrobat Reader may be
downloaded free. The website version is published prior to the printed
version by about 2 weeks. Beginning with this issue the web version will
be in a color format and this issue includes a page of color photos of
some coral diseases that will not be included in the printed version.
This issue is focused on coral reefs and includes information about
diseases, bleaching and restoration efforts. Featured articles have been
provided by James Cervino of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, Katharina
Fabricius of AIMS, and Robin and Andrew Bruckner of the University of
Puerto Rico and NOAA.
At ORF we are very excited about this issue as we move to a more
technical format. We hope you enjoy our publication and we welcome your
comments and input. If you would like to receive the printed version,
please email your postal address to gcarter@orf.org. Our organization is
a 501(c)(3) non-profit group supported through memberships and
contributions. The newsletter is distributed free but we encourage your
support.
Regards, Greg
--
Greg L. Carter                        Oceanic Resource Foundation
gcarter@orf.org               Celebrate the Year of the Ocean 1998
http://www.orf.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  7 06:58:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA05222; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 06:56:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA11600; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 07:02:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011578; Mon, 7 Sep 98 07:02:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA03134; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 10:04:31 GMT
Received: from uog9.uog.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA03129; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 06:04:26 -0400
Received: from localhost by uog9.uog.edu (5.65v3.2/1.1.10.5/25Apr97-0522PM)
	id AA14579; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 20:17:39 +1000
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 20:17:39 +1000 (GMT+1000)
From: Ernie Matson <eamatson@uog9.uog.edu>
To: Jason See <jason_see@hotmail.com>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Jason See experiment
In-Reply-To: <19980827022222.4088.qmail@hotmail.com>
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.96.980907200635.13599A-100000@uog9.uog.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 496
Hey 'yall..
Well the votes are in after 10 ten days (but a fortnight update will
follow). After receiving a broadcast request from Jason See, I jumped in
his britches over MY IMPRESSION of him wanting to have others do his
research for him. I responded to the entire list, just to see what kind of
response I'd get.
I got clobbered. But only a political election type clobbering. Of those
doctors who responded (sound familiar FDA?), 62 % told me to shut up and
go away, while others in that group suggested more specific remedies for
my attitude. At an N of 32, I plead what most us do when we can't
interpret our data..we don't have enough.  The other 38% were closet
grumps who were glad I said it but wouldn't do it themselves.
Jim Hendee provided a nice reminder that I was an A#$%^e, and sent Jason
THE good refs, all of which were in the hard literature. Jim's right, as
usual.
Sorry for all the wrung hankies out there in coralist land, but the iron
was hot, so to speak, and I poked.
Ciao
Ernie Matson
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  7 07:53:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA05341; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 07:51:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA12232; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 07:57:45 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012220; Mon, 7 Sep 98 07:57:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA03590; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 10:56:12 GMT
Received: from eugw1.bp.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA03585; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 06:56:07 -0400
Received: by eugw1.bp.com; id LAA03505; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 11:52:43 +0100 (BST)
Received: from euimsx1(161.102.253.109) by eugw1 via smap (V2.1)
	id xma003401; Mon, 7 Sep 98 11:52:37 +0100
Received: by EUIMSX1 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <RVJ4XXVZ>; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 11:53:25 +0100
Message-ID: <FD1418D549A4D011AEA800805FFE066A012B4D54@EUMORX2>
From: "Gotto, Katharine (Conservation)" <GottoK@bp.com>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?=A354=2C000_for_conservation_research?=
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 11:53:17 +0100
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="ISO-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id HAA05341
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 497
54,000 AVAILABLE FOR CONSERVATION
RESEARCH IN 1999
University students are invited to enter the 1999 BP Conservation
Programme to secure funding, support and training for international
conservation research projects which address global priorities at a
local level.
All projects applying for an award must focus on a conservation issue of
global importance, have a majority of the team members in full or
part-time education and have strong links with the country where the
project will take place. Teams planning to work within their own country
are also eligible.
Each year, the Programme presents awards and training to thirteen teams
- 5,000 is given to the four best projects; 3,000 is received by eight
runner-up projects and the top 'Follow-Up' Award of 10,000 is presented
to the best proposal for follow-up work submitted by a previous winner.
Celebrating its 14th year in 1999, the BP Conservation Programme is the
result of a long-term partnership between wildlife conservation
organisations BirdLife International and Fauna & Flora International,
and The British Petroleum Company plc.  Since 1985, the Programme has
helped 117 international student teams to implement conservation
research objectives in 45 countries.
- The closing date for applications is 16 November 1998 -
> Further information about this Programme and an application form are
> available on the web in English, Spanish and French (with summaries in
> Chinese and Japanese): http://www.bp.com/conservation/
>
> or from Katharine Gotto, Programme Manager, BirdLife
> International/FFI, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge, CB3 ONA,
> UK. Tel: +44 1223 277318 Fax: +44 1223 277200 Email:
> bp-conservation-programme@birdlife.org.uk
>
>
>
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  7 12:55:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA06699; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 12:53:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA15753; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 12:59:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015746; Mon, 7 Sep 98 12:59:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA05967; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 16:51:32 GMT
Received: from wgs1.btl.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA05962; Mon, 7 Sep 1998 12:51:25 -0400
Received: from tom ([206.27.238.228]) by wgs1.btl.net
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with SMTP id AAA46C;
          Mon, 7 Sep 1998 10:45:49 -0600
X-Sender: glover@btlmail.btl.net (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: Dylan Gomez <ginger@btl.net>
From: Tom Bright <glover@btl.net>
Subject: Coral Bleaching
Cc: James Azueta <species@btl.net>, Peter Mumby <P.J.Mumby@sheffield.ac.uk>,
        coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 7 Sep 1998 10:45:48 -0600
Message-ID: <771871DC11C3.AAA46C@wgs1.btl.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 498
**********************************************
MEMORANDUM
TO: Dylan Gomez, Chairman, Belize National Coral Reef Monitoring Committee
(NCRM)
FROM: Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager, Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
SUBJECT: Random report, coral bleaching
DATE: Sept. 2, 1998
On Sept. 2, 1998, I was anchored at Crawl Caye at the north end of the
Victoria Channel ( 16 deg.35.89 min. N, 88 deg. 13.51 min. W). I snorkeled
on a patch reef just south of Crawl Caye and observed the following:
-About 85 % of the Montastrea annularis (knobby), down to a depth of 10 feet
or so, were severely "bleached", having a color approximately that of the
"almond" hue often used on kitchen appliances. Bleaching was also noticed on
Siderastrea.
-The water temperature in the upper foot or two of the water column was very
high, greater than my body temperature, and feeling like a hot bath.
-There was a sharp thermocline and below 3 feet depth the water temperature
was comparatively cool and "normal".
-The upper 6 inches of the water column was brown, an indication of a
phytoplankton bloom at the surface.
-There had been little wind for at least the previous 7 days (I have been
unable to sail my boat for that time and have been motoring- These are
called the "Calms of August"). This means wind forced mixing of surface
waters has been minimal, thus allowing overheating of the upper layer, and
thermal stratification.
-I suspect that the overheated upper layer can be a source of unusually high
temperature water which by some process may contact the corals on these
shallow  patch reefs down to 10 or more feet depth (some coral heads are
within 2 feet of the surface), thereby causing bleaching. Hypothetically, a
passing thunderstorm might cause vertical mixing??
This is a random observation of a stressful event on a lagoonal patch reef
in Belize. I don't know how widespread such occurrences are on these reefs
(you probably have more info.) but I suspect they are not uncommon. I wonder
if these shallow corals experience mortality following such a bleaching, or
do they regain their zooxanthellae and take it in stride. Considering their
importance as lobster habitat, I hope they are well adapted to occasional
bleaching episodes.
Dr. Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
PO Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
Ph./Fax. 011-501-02-33855 (Belize City)
Ph. 011-501-05-22153 (Middle Caye)
E-mail <glover@btl.net>
Website <www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 11 12:06:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA06835; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 12:06:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA09410; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 12:13:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009386; Fri, 11 Sep 98 12:13:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA15634; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:58:13 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA15629; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:58:08 -0400
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA05046;
	Fri, 11 Sep 1998 11:50:01 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1306607623.57929@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 11 Sep 1998 11:59:29 -0400
From: "Haskell, Ben" <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching in Palau
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "DeMaria, Don" <dondemaria@aol.com>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id MAA06835
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 499
Dear Coral listers-
I am forwarding a bleaching report from Dr. Pat Colin, Coral Reef Research Foundation, Palau:
"We're having a major coral bleaching event here in Palau now.  The water is 87-89 degrees F and about 75% of corals in water less than 50 feet are bleached.  Don't know what the eventual impact will be, but looks really awful now."
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 11 14:11:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA09289; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:11:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA19361; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:18:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019270; Fri, 11 Sep 98 14:17:38 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA16609; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 18:15:14 GMT
Received: from smtp3.erols.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA16604; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:15:10 -0400
Received: from erols.com (207-172-175-50.s50.as13.rkv.erols.com [207.172.175.50])
	by smtp3.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id OAA00730
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:11:24 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <35F96802.D61B94D0@erols.com>
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:12:18 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Reply-To: jware@erols.com
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Reef definition and sponge spawning.
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 500
Dear Listers,
	A group of recreational divers observed and photographed spawning of a
large number of sponges at Watkins Wedge, Pompano Beach, Florida.  The
sponges were photographed at between 8:56 and 9:35 AM on August 15, 1998
in 50 - 60 feet of water.  From the photos I have identified the sponge
as almost surely *Xestospongia muta*.  No other species were observed to
be spawning at this time.
	With regard to definitions of coral reef.  I am still sifting through
the 30 or so replies I have received.  Unfortunately, setting up and
running a new business has slowed me down somewhat.
	A number of people stated that they would like to obtain a definition
sooner.  If you are one of those, contact me and we can chat about my
preliminary conclusions.
Thanks and good diving,
John
--
     ***********************************************************
     *                                                         *
     *                   John R. Ware, PhD                     *
     *                       President                         *
     *                    SeaServices, Inc.                    *
     *                 19572 Club House Road                   *
     *              Gaithersburg, MD, 20886, USA               *
     *                     301 987-8507                        *
     *                    jware@erols.com                      *
     *                                                         *
     *                                     _                   *
     *    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    *
     *                                   _|__                  *
     *                                  | _ |                  *
     *           _______________________|   |______            *
     *        |\/__     Sea Services, Inc.         \           *
     *        |/\__________________________________/           *
     ***********************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 11 15:35:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA12927; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:35:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA23664; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:42:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023646; Fri, 11 Sep 98 15:41:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA17221; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 19:39:39 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA17215; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:39:35 -0400
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 15:39:35 -0400
Message-Id: <199809111939.PAA17215@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 10131 invoked from network); 11 Sep 1998 19:35:51 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 11 Sep 1998 19:35:51 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Bleaching in the Florida Keys
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 501
Just when you think you understand the system....
This  week we noticed early signs of recovery of bleached corals at an
inshore patch reef known as the Rocks, where the corals have been SEVERELY
bleached since early June, and where water temperatures over 32 oC were
recorded with a Ryan thermograph.   This has happened about the same time as
corals (same species) have begun to  bleach  (only since mid-late August) at
offshore reef sites such at Little Grecian and Key Largo Dry Rocks.    At
this time, there does not appear to have been much bleaching mortality at
the inshore site despite the prolonged and severe state of bleaching there.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 11 16:26:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA14409; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 16:26:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA26229; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 16:33:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026203; Fri, 11 Sep 98 16:33:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA17649; Fri, 11 Sep 1998 20:31:54 GMT
Message-Id: <199809112031.UAA17649@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 11 Sep 1998 14:56:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: Walt Jaap STP <JAAP_W@epic7.dep.state.fl.us>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: More Florida Keys Bleaching
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 502
NOTES ON BLEACHING,  Tortugas area: 24 N  81 to 82 W.
We dove 30 to 90 ft, 5 sites, Dry Tortugas National Park and on the Tortugas
Banks, 8, 9 Sept.  The incidence of bleaching (complete loss of color, total
colony or partial) was moderate at most sites.  Approximately 15 to 25 percent
of the colonies were affected.  Water temperature (diving computer data) was 86
to 87 F. Most Colpophyllia natans were exhibiting lightened color, but few were
displaying bleached condition.  On the Tortugas Banks (70 to 90 ft), the
bleaching was less intense.
We walked along the moat wall of Ft. Jefferson and saw many corals were very
bleached.  water depth is approximately 10 ft.  Palythoa, Millepora, and
Scleractinia all exhibited intense bleaching.
Walt Jaap, FMRI
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 12 00:20:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-iyor-list-outgoing@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA17397 for <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:20:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA06765; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:27:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006758; Sat, 12 Sep 98 00:27:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for iyor-list-outgoing id EAA20767; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 04:27:37 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <iyor-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA20758; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:27:32 -0400
Received: from rcz057.ust.hk ([143.89.113.237]:1120 "HELO RCZ057.ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with SMTP id <626255-20426>; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 12:22:45 +0800
Date: 	Sat, 12 Sep 1998 12:23:13 +0800 (Taipei Standard Time)
From: <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Check Team Reports
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96L2.980912122239.-239163E-100000@RCZ057.ust.hk>
X-X-Sender: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=ISO-8859-1
Sender: owner-iyor-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id AAA17397
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 503
Reef Check Team Reports From Around the World - August 1998
In this report: Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Bahrain, Bonaire, Hawaii,
Israel, PNG, Philippines, Tanzania, Japan, Columbia, Guam
Reef Check 98 in Cayman Islands - Carrie Manfrino Kievman
Our group of 12 divers completed Reef Check between July 1 and 4.  We were
fortunate to get enormous media coverage from the Cayman Islands
Television Network (CITN 27).  A brief report describing the plight of
coral reefs and the Reef Check project was aired numerous times and I was
interviewed on their Daybreak program.
The reefs on Grand Cayman Island are under increasing stress for several
reasons:
1. Tourism continues to grow and more hotels are being developed or
expanded.
2. Dredging has just begun in the North Sound area which is fringed by a
now popular reef. As I was flying off the island a large plume of muddy
water was spilling toward the reef.  Several more permits to dredge have
been requested and were pending a decision when I left the islands in
July.
3. There is talk in the legislature of changing some of the rules and
regulations that govern the marine parks to allow line fishing in areas
previously off limits.
4. Fisherman are using a new type of  fishpot that is placed very near the
fringing reef and that have a smaller  mesh sizes than traditional
Caymanian fishpots.
5. More and more mangroves are being destroyed by developers.
Reef Check 98 in Hong Kong - Carmen Lee
WWF Hong Kong is the local coordinator for this year's Reef Check in Hong
Kong, and there are altogether 7 teams led by a group of enthusiastic
divers who wish to participate in this event .  A press conference was
held on 28 July 1998, which was well attended by media reporters.  The
kick-off launch for Reef Check was at the Coral Beach of Hoi Ha Wan on 8
August 1998, with the generous support from Ocean Sky Diving Co. Ltd.  The
other 6 Reef Check sites are Ping Chau, Moon Island (Hoi Ha Wan), Bluff
Island, Shelter Island, Nine Pins and Lemma, which will be surveyed this
month.
Reef Check 98 in Bahrain - K. Roger Uwate
The Reef Check team in Bahrain has completed surveys on three different
coral reefs.  On Fasht Al Adhom, a shallow and a deep water site was
completed.  A new coral area was surveyed near Khwar Fasht (one survey).
In addition, on 7/8/98, two transects were completed on Abul Thama.  Abul
Thama is considered by sports divers as the best coral reef in Bahrain.
The two local English papers have already published stories on the Abul
Thama surveys.  In addition, plans are proceeding to produce a marine
conservation poster.  A local sponsor has agreed to fully support printing
costs.  The poster focuses on public participation in marine conservation
activities (including volunteers helping in Reef Check).  This poster
should be finished in a few weeks. It will be distributed primarily to the
various schools in Bahrain (when schools start next month).
Reef Check 98 in Bonaire  - Susie Westmacott
Bonaire Reef Check participants have already taken part in the Marine
Park's surveys in the past so we have a relatively experienced crew.  As
observers we are also including the newly qualified Bonaire Marine Park
scuba kids. They have been trained by the Marine Park and are keen to
become involved in our monitoring and survey work.
Reef Check 98 in Maui, - Carl M. Stepath
August 13 & 15, 1998 (A continued project of Clean Oceans '98)
Hawaiian Islands Humpback Whale Sanctuary, Kihei
-Thur, Aug. 13; 6-8pm Coral Reef Ecology & Reef Check Preparations
-Saturday, Aug. 15 from 8-10am, Reef Check Coral Reef Monitoring
Welcome to this coral reef ecology workshop, and an opportunity to learn
about coral reef monitoring.  Divers and scientists at more than 300
locations around the world will examine coral reef health this summer.
The sponsoring organization on Maui and Kauai is Save Our Seas.
Professional and recreational divers, with knowledge of marine biology and
at least one professional marine scientist per team will monitor the reef
at Kalepolepo. Scientists will be on hand to give explanations and answer
questions, and validate the data.  This continues work at Kapalua Bay in
June on Maui, Anini in June on Kauai, Princeville in August on Kauai.  As
you probalbly know the first Reef Check in the world was held at
Princeville Kauai in June of 1997 at the Clean Oceans Conference.  We have
continued the project to the best of our ability.
Reef Check 98 in Israel - Zvika Livnat
Down here in Eilat, Israel, recently we received a confirmation for the
project science leader position from Dr Nanette E.Chadwick Furman, which
is wonderful for the project. she is a very respected scientist and an
expert on corals. This year all the volunteers for israel are marine
biologists and diving instructors. We like to keep it in a professional
level. we are still waiting for approval on budgets. (Ed. Note: Nan will
be coordinating with our other Israel teams led by Joe Breman).
Reef Check 98 in Papua New Guinea - Norman Quinn
Dr. Norman Quinn, University of Papua New Guinea, is coordinating the
efforts in Papua New Guinea. With the assistance of Dr. B.L. Kojis and
local university students reefs in Oro Province, off Kavieng, and in the
Central Province have been survey. Logistic assistance has been provided
by local dive centers. None of the reef surveyed have been severely
impacted by anthropogenic pollution. Subsistence fishing appears to be the
most important impact on the fish populations of the reefs.
Reef Check 98 in Frontier Tanzania - Damon Stanwell-Smith
The volunteers have been trained in ReefCheck techniques, using both
western and Tanzanian personnel.  The sites have been identified and will
be surveyed this week. In addition Jean-Luc has given a lecture/workshop
to the SCUBA club of Dar es Salaam, as they were interested in
participating in Reefcheck. Frontier has an ongoing marine research
programme in Southern Tanzania, we have recently surveyed reef areas with
as much as 70% coral bleaching. Detailed results are being collated,
together with monitoring of recovery and overgrowth.  We look forward to
seeing the results of both ReefCheck 97 and this year's stirling efforts.
Reef Check 98 in Japan  - Mariko Abe
Starting from Iriomote island (done by Underwater Creature Network),
Japanese teams have finished the reefcheck survey at 5 points so far.
Apart from Iriomote, Henoko (Okinawa mainland. by Love DugongNetowork),
Ishigaki island(by Coral Network), Tokashiki island (Diving Base Teera),
Miyake-jima(by Miyakejima sizen fureai tomonokai).  Last year the number
of participant groups was only two. However, over 10 groups will be finish
the survey by the end of September. We think it is a great progress &
ReefCheck 98' in Japan is going successfully so far.
Reef Check 98 in Colombia - Nohora Galvis
In Colombia, there is a lot activity related to REEF CHECK 98. Four events
are planned to be developed : one at the end of August (Corales del
Rosario) and three more in September (Santa Marta, San Andrs y Gorgona).
It would be interesting sharing information about a list of species for
the Eastern Pacific (Gorgona).
Reef Check 98 in Guam - Sandra Romano
Reef Check here went really well on Sunday. We had about 45 people who did
3 different sites. Everybody really got into it. I am working up the data
now and will get it off to you next week- there are a few loose ends to
tie up. It really is a good exercise for everyone- I think they have
really learned a lot.
Reef Check 98 in Palawan, Philippines - Sarah Curran
Survey sites for ReefCheck are Port Barton (mid west Palawan), Honda Bay
(Central) and Busuanga (northern Palawan).
We have conducted surveys at 4 sites in Port Barton and will conduct
surveys at Honda Bay and Busuanga this month. From visits to other sites
including Port barton, there is a massive amount of bleaching occuring. At
Port Barton, Honda bay and other areas in Mindoro we were finding sites
with 70% bleached hard coralincluding soft forms, and almost all anemones
are bleached . Water temperature is around 32 degrees even at 10 m.
Regards
Keith Kei
Assistant Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Applied Technology Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay Kowloon  HONG KONG
Tel:	(852) 2358-6936
Fax:	(852) 2358-1334
e-mail:	reefchck@ust.hk
web site: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 12 00:28:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA17483; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:28:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA06875; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:35:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006869; Sat, 12 Sep 98 00:34:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA20863; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 04:33:12 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA20848; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 00:33:06 -0400
Received: from rcz057.ust.hk ([143.89.113.237]:1125 "HELO RCZ057.ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with SMTP id <626255-20426>; Sat, 12 Sep 1998 12:28:31 +0800
Date: 	Sat, 12 Sep 1998 12:28:59 +0800 (Taipei Standard Time)
From: <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc: rckeith@ust.hk
Subject: Reef Check Update - September 98'
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96L2.980912122813.-239163H-100000@RCZ057.ust.hk>
X-X-Sender: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 504
Reef Check  Update  -- September 1998
STATUS: We are pleased to report that Reef Check 1998 has gone very well.
At latest count we have teams in over 30 countries and territories and
based on last year's events, we would expect to add a few more before the
official field survey "window" closes on 30 Spetember. Due to the
enthusiastic response from our teams in all corners of the globe, we are
sending the team report separately from this update. The accompanying team
report includes news from: Cayman Islands, Hong Kong, Bahrain, Bonaire,
Hawaii, Israel, PNG, Tanzania, Japan, Columbia, Guam.
REPORT: Anyone who would like to receive a copy of the 1997 Reef Check
global summary paper can obtain it from our FTP site or from
<reefchck@ust.hk>
T-SHIRTS: Beautiful 6-color Reef Check logo t-shirts and stickers are now
available. Stickers are free and t-shirts cost US$12 plus shipping, and
all proceeds go to support Reef Check. Contact us at <reefchck@ust.hk> for
orders or see us at ITMEMS. We have already sent out several hundred
Certificates of Participation in Reef Check 98, suitable for framing.
HAWAII: Following the Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop organized by Jim
Maragos in Hawaii in June, Reef Check has been taking off in Hawaii,
thanks to the hard work of Carl Stepath and many other individuals and
organizations. Surveys have been or will be carried out on all the major
Hawaiian Islands for the first time using one method. By the way, the
Hawaii connection is linking Guam (Sandra Romano), Israel (Nan
Chadwick-Furman), and Florida (Bill Tyler) to name a few.
PHILIPPINES: At the end of July, training for trainers was carried out in
Cebu, and Dumaguete Philippines with Mike Ross, Alan White, and Laurie
Raymundo as hosts. We are grateful to the Tetratech CRMP project and
Vaughan Pratt's International Marine Life Alliance for adopting Reef Check
as part of their on-going and extensive programs in community-based
management. The next joint Reef Check/GCRMN training for trainers is
planned for Nha Trang, Vietnam with participants from Myanmar, Cambodia
and China to be supported by UNEP and Japan. We take this opportunity to
remind those with existing monitoring programs that it is normally very
easy to "adopt" the simple Reef Check methods into your regular program.
The advantage is that you will be able to make national and regional
comparisons and to give your participants the incentive of participation
in the global survey.
ISRS FRANCE: In between the heavy wine tasting sessions, Reef Check
coordinators had a chance to compare notes at the ISRS meeting hosted in
Perpignan and French Coordinator Michel Pichon and incoming ICRI Chairman
Bernard Salvat have pledged their support in French Polynesia. Moshira
Hassan made a presentation focusing on Reef Check Red Sea, A. Harborne
gave an excellent talk on generating habitat classification maps and G.
Hodgson presented a summary of the 1997 results and 1998-9 plans.
Fund raising is moving ahead and it looks like we will have additional
funds for teams in 1999 in Asia, the Caribbean and Melanesia. If you are
from a country where there has not yet been a Reef Check - please contact
us so that we can plan for next year.
For those teams still sitting on data - please send them in now! On 19
November, we will be holding our annual Press Conference to announce the
preliminary results for 1998. We need as much data as possible now to give
a convincing report. Since this has been the Year of the Ocean and given
the bleaching event - we expect this will be a good opportunity to get our
message out to the public. We encourage all Reef Check coordinators to
plan their own local Press Conferences for 19 November or later to
multiply the impact. Our Press Release will be available to coordinators
about 1 week in advance of the conference. As the end of the 1998 season
is approaching, we would like to again thank all those dozens of
coordinators and hundreds of volunteers who have made the past two years
global surveys so successful.
Regards
Keith Kei
Assistant Coordinator
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Applied Technology Centre
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay Kowloon  HONG KONG
Tel:	(852) 2358-6936
Fax:	(852) 2358-1334
e-mail:	reefchck@ust.hk
web site: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 13 00:17:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA22275; Sun, 13 Sep 1998 00:14:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA24597; Sun, 13 Sep 1998 00:21:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024589; Sun, 13 Sep 98 00:20:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA29956; Sun, 13 Sep 1998 04:14:01 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA29951; Sun, 13 Sep 1998 00:13:57 -0400
Received: from rcz057.ust.hk ([143.89.113.237]:1063 "HELO RCZ057.ust.hk" ident: "Haliotis") by uxmail.ust.hk with SMTP id <626788-27877>; Sun, 13 Sep 1998 12:09:14 +0800
Date: 	Sun, 13 Sep 1998 12:09:40 +0800 (Taipei Standard Time)
From: <reefchck@ust.hk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Reef Check Press Conderence!
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96L2.980913120841.-326157A-100000@RCZ057.ust.hk>
X-X-Sender: reefchck@uxmail.ust.hk
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 505
Dear all,
Reef Check will hold a Press Conference on 19 November to report the
preliminary results of the 1998 global survey, and coral bleaching and
mortality will be featured. Due to the early start this year, a number
of surveys occurred pre-bleaching so we are short of good visuals.
We would like to request anyone with good video (15 min) or slides (2-3)
of bleached, dying or dead corals if they would be willing to share with
us, to please send us a copy. We will be happy to reimburse copying and
postage costs (if you arrange with us first). On the 19th we will have
at least 6 video monitors showing different parts of the world. We will
be happy to give full credit to the photographer/scientist in writing
beneath the video or print. We are particularly interested in images
showing mortality of very large colonies.
Thank you for your generosity.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 14 00:42:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA26453; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 00:42:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA07335; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 00:48:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007321; Mon, 14 Sep 98 00:48:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA09650; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 04:37:57 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA09645; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 00:37:53 -0400
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id AAA09058;
	Mon, 14 Sep 1998 00:29:34 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1306389249.90068@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 14 Sep 1998 00:38:03 -0400
From: "Causey, B." <bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Bleaching / Looe Key Reef
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
        "NMS (FKNMS-ALL)" <NMS_#l#FKNMS-ALL#r#@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
        "SRD  NMS Managers" <SRD__NMS_Managers@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>,
        "SRD Branch Chiefs" <SRD_Branch_Chiefs@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id AAA26453
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 506
Greetings:
Coral bleaching has been reported in a variety of coral habitats in the Florida Keys over the past 2 - 3 months.  This past Friday (September 11, 1998) the Sanctuary's Education Team and I snorkeled in four different coral habitats on and around Looe Key Reef.  We observed moderate coral bleaching in the intermediate reef habitat (45' depth) and in some of the shallower coral reef areas.
Most alarming was the impact to the shallow Acropora species on the reef crest and shallow backreef.  There has been a steady recruitment and growth spurt of Acropora palmata and A. cervicornis in that area since the mid to late 1980's.  Almost 100% of the Acropora colonies are severely bleached and large patches of coral tissue have died.  In some instances the entire colonies were dead.  It will be hard to tell what will survive at this point, considering many of the stark white colonies were still alive at this time.  There was a considerable amount of bleaching in the Millepora and again..... I observed a lot of mortality.  Although many of the head coral species were in various stages of stress from bleaching..... they were not in as bad a condition as they were last year.
I did not have a temperature meter with me and checked one of our thermographs on the reef flat and could not read the temp..... but the water was noticeably cooler than it was a week or 2 ago.  It may be that we are through the critical period for this year.  Historically, our coral bleaching in the Keys lessens as we start getting weather changes and cool fronts moving through the area.
This is the first year we have had back-to-back coral bleaching events (2 years in a row) in the Florida Keys.... since I moved here in the early 1970's.  It will be interesting to see what the future has in store for our reefs regarding other such trends.
Billy Causey, Superintendent
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 14 11:07:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA03129; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 11:06:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA24042; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 11:13:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023998; Mon, 14 Sep 98 11:13:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA13961; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 15:01:41 GMT
Message-Id: <199809141501.PAA13961@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Helen Walker <Helen@coral-sea.com.au>
To: "'coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Sun, 6 Sep 1998 17:43:57 +1000
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 507
Dear Coral List Members
For those of you who have tried with out success to access our on line
catalogue of coral reef & marine science topic publications at
"http://www.coral-sea.com.au/bookshop" please try again......we have
solved the problem and the page is once again up and running.
I apologise for any inconvenience.
With regards
Helen Walker
(Distribution Manager)
Coral Sea Imagery
PO Box 2186
Townsville
QLD 4810
Tel: 0747 211633
Fax: 0747 211477
Check out our online catalogue " http://www.coral-sea.com.au/bookshop"
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 14 17:46:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA11366; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 17:46:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23923; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 17:52:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023910; Mon, 14 Sep 98 17:52:21 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA02289; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 21:40:10 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA02284; Mon, 14 Sep 1998 17:40:06 -0400
Date: Mon, 14 Sep 1998 17:40:06 -0400
Message-Id: <199809142140.RAA02284@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 29026 invoked from network); 14 Sep 1998 21:36:07 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 14 Sep 1998 21:36:07 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: AFR/Telstra Australian Internet award 1998 - Mangroves & Coral
  Reefs
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 508
Hello all:
Below is a message I received that may be of interest to other coral
reefers.  Take a look at the web site and if you like it, vote for it.
Here's our chance to help publicize the beauty and ecological important of
coral reefs and mangroves.
Alina Szmant
>Return-Path: <ericw@ibm590.aims.gov.au>
>Delivered-To: szmant@oj.rsmas.miami.edu
>Delivered-To: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu
>Date: Sun, 13 Sep 1998 22:11:44 +1000 (EET)
>From: Dr Eric Wolanski <ericw@ibm590.aims.gov.au>
>To: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu
>Subject: AFR/Telstra Australian Internet award 1998 - Mangroves & Coral
> Reefs
>
>Alina,
>I know you are very busy so I would doubly appreciate if you could vote
>for my AIMS home page "Mangroves and coral reefs" for that award. A chance
>for science of coral reefs and mangroves to win a prize in a world of
>commercialism. Simply open my home page at http://ibm590.aims.gov.au
>click on the top icon (AFR/Telstra) and vote for that page!
>If you can pass on this request, the better the chances.
>Thanking you
>Eric Wolanski
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 15 14:35:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA21859; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 14:34:58 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA03618; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 14:41:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003542; Tue, 15 Sep 98 14:41:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA11084; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 18:25:13 GMT
Received: from smtp.mms.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA11079; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 14:25:09 -0400
Received: from ccMail by smtp.mms.gov
  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.02 Enterprise) id 5FE63740; Tue, 15 Sep 98 08:54:12 -0400
Mime-Version: 1.0
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1998 07:45:51 -0400
Message-ID: <5FE63740.@mms.gov>
From: Gregory.Boland@mms.gov (Gregory Boland)
Subject: bleaching follow-ups
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 509
     I have noticed similar comments to a number of bleaching reports
     lately, something like "I don't know how this is going to affect
     things in the long run," or "who knows what permanent damage this
     extensive bleaching will cause."  I'm sure we all share the same dread
     and concerns and it would be very productive if we could indeed find
     out what really does happen.
     Perhaps everyone submitting bleaching reports this year (including
     yours truly) can post a "recovery report" some time late this year or
     early in 1999 if possible.  Accumulated bleaching reports and recovery
     reports could be accumulated, paired up and saved for reference.
     Greg Boland
     Minerals Management Service
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 15 23:12:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA28140; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 23:12:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA24896; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 23:18:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024885; Tue, 15 Sep 98 23:18:07 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA14681; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 02:55:47 GMT
Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA14676; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 22:55:42 -0400
Received: from default ([209.91.211.219]) by mail.caribe.net
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO203-101c)
          ID# 0-53642U11000L11000S0V35) with SMTP id AAA29046
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Tue, 15 Sep 1998 22:53:01 -0300
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980915225827.006e91d0@caribe.net>
X-Sender: eweil@caribe.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1998 22:58:30 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ernesto Weil <eweil@caribe.net>
Subject: Info from P.Rico
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 510
Dear Colleagues,=20
As of today, bleaching in the southwest coast of Puerto Rico has been
minor and scattered over the reefs. In shallow (0-18 m), near-shore,
patch reefs and fringing reefs, the hydrocorals <italic>Millepora
complanata,</italic> <italic>M.alcicornis </italic>and
<italic>M.squarrosa</italic>, the zoanthid <italic>Palythoa
caribbaeorum</italic> and the gorgonians <italic>Briaerum
asbestinum</italic> (both the erect and crustose forms), and some
Pseudoplexauras, have few colonies that are only pale and others
completely bleached. Scleractinian corals that have started to bleach
include <italic>P.astreoides</italic> and <italic>P.porites</italic>,
agaricids like <italic>U.agaricites</italic>, <italic>U. purpurea,
A.lamarcky</italic> and <italic>L.cucullata, Acropora palmata and
A.cervicornis, Diploria labyrnthyformis, Colpophyllia natans,
Stephanocoenia intersepta and Mycetophyllia ferox.</italic> Curiously,
colonies of the same species growing one beside the other show one
completely bleached and the other with normal coloration and no signs of
stress. None of the <italic>Montastraea </italic>species have started to
bleach so far and maximum water temperatures are still under 31 Celsius
throughout the area.=20
Regards, EW.
Dr. Ernesto Weil
Department of Marine Sciences
University of Puerto Rico
PO BOX 908, Lajas, PR 00667
Ph: (787) 899-2048 ext. 241
Fax:(787) 899-5500
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 16 04:06:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA29271; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 04:06:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA27790; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 04:13:41 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027781; Wed, 16 Sep 98 04:13:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA16665; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 08:01:37 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA16660; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 04:01:34 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA29202 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 03:52:50 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA27654; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 03:59:39 -0400
Received: from rad2.bigpond.com.kh(203.35.18.11) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027649; Wed, 16 Sep 98 03:59:13 -0400
Received: from [203.35.18.150] by lion2.bigpond.com.kh (NTMail 3.02.13) with ESMTP id ga353164 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 14:53:43 +0700
Reply-To: <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
From: "Vicki Nelson" <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>
To: "coral list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: destructive practices
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:35:43 +0700
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1157
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Message-Id: <06534360916364@bigpond.com.kh>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 511
Hi everyone,
I am just starting on a case study on destructive fishing (mostly dynamite)
and collection of corals for souvenirs in Cambodia. There is much bleating
about the seriousness of the problem here, but nobody seems to know the
exact extent of it, who's responsible, how much damage there is and so on.
I'm aiming to try to get some data on at least the levels of damage from
dynamite (without becoming damaged myself) and the turnover from the
souvenir trade. To put our findings into a global context, I would like to
request information about work people have been doing elsewhere, especially
references to literature. Before I get sat upon for asking other people to
do my library search, I should point out that there is no library here. I
have no access to literature or reports at all apart from what people are
kind enough to send me. Luckily next week I'm going to England and Scotland
for a couple of weeks and will hopefully have an opportunity to go to
bookshops and a library or two. If anyone can point me in the direction of
the Seminal Work(s) on destruction of reefs and its consequences, I can try
to get it/them myself. If anyone is altruistic enough to send me reprints,
reports or books I will be eternally grateful (so will the Cambodians -
they're chronically lacking in any kind of resource material). Web
addresses are also useful (its best if they're scientific or have
quantitative data).
Thanks very much,
cheers,
Vicki
Dr Vicki Nelson
Danida Coastal Zone Management Project
PO Box 2298
Phnom Penh 3
855-15-839-884
email: vicki@bigpond.com.kh
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 16 09:44:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA04178; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:44:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA06902; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:51:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006895; Wed, 16 Sep 98 09:50:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA19055; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 13:32:30 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA19050; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:32:27 -0400
Received: from nuwave.aoml.noaa.gov (nuwave [172.16.100.1])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with ESMTP
	  id JAA03881; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:23:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: (from hendee@localhost) by nuwave.aoml.noaa.gov (SMI-8.6/8.7.3) id JAA27782; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:22:50 -0400
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:22:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Sender: hendee@nuwave
To: Gregory Boland <Gregory.Boland@mms.gov>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: bleaching follow-ups
In-Reply-To: <5FE63740.@mms.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.980916092206.27528E-100000@nuwave>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 512
This is a great suggestion.  For those who do post to coral-list,
I'll include those recovery notes in the bleaching archives on
the CHAMP Home Page.
	Cheers,
	Jim
On Tue, 15 Sep 1998, Gregory Boland wrote:
> Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1998 07:45:51 -0400
> From: Gregory Boland <Gregory.Boland@mms.gov>
> To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Subject: bleaching follow-ups
>
>      I have noticed similar comments to a number of bleaching reports
>      lately, something like "I don't know how this is going to affect
>      things in the long run," or "who knows what permanent damage this
>      extensive bleaching will cause."  I'm sure we all share the same dread
>      and concerns and it would be very productive if we could indeed find
>      out what really does happen.
>
>      Perhaps everyone submitting bleaching reports this year (including
>      yours truly) can post a "recovery report" some time late this year or
>      early in 1999 if possible.  Accumulated bleaching reports and recovery
>      reports could be accumulated, paired up and saved for reference.
>
>      Greg Boland
>      Minerals Management Service
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 16 09:51:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA04269; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:51:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA07399; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:58:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007289; Wed, 16 Sep 98 09:57:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA19126; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 13:43:07 GMT
Received: from mail.nnm.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA19117; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 09:43:02 -0400
Received: by mail.nnm.nl with Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
	id <RRV5QHXK>; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 15:35:05 +0200
Message-ID: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA7930D1E9@mail.nnm.nl>
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Quaternary marine (palaeo)biogeography of SE Asia
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 15:35:03 +0200
X-Priority: 3
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 513
Quaternary marine (palaeo)biogeography of SE Asia
This is one of the 15 planned sessions of the International Symposium on
the Biogeography of SE Asia 2000 to be held 4-9 June 2000, in Leiden,
The Netherlands.
Organisation
The National Museum of Natural History, the Rijksherbarium/Hortus
Botanicus (both in Leiden) and the Netherlands Research School of
Sedimentary Geology (NSG), Amsterdam.
Marine biogeography and bioodiversity
Scientists and students who have a serious interest in the biogeography
of marine organisms and the biodiversity of marine ecosystems in SE
Asia, such as coral reefs, may be interested to attend the session on
Quaternary marine (palaeo)biogeography of SE Asia. Those who have
suggestions for topics relevant to this session or would like to
participate, and therefore would like to receive more information in the
future, should contact the convenor.
Why SE Asia?
Southeast Asia has received much attention in recent years, both from
earth scientists and biologists. It is a region where several
lithospheric plates are colliding and this process of ongoing mountain
building has resulted in a very complicated biotic history. It comprises
major hotspots of global biodiversity. However, the natural environment
is much under threat and increased attempts are made to study and to
preserve what is left. It has become clear in recent years that the
abiotic and biotic developments can only be understood if they are
studied in an integrated way. Therefore both earth scientists and
biologists are invited to share their knowledge of specific aspects
concerning Southeast Asia.
The aim of the symposium
The main aim of the symposium is to give a comprehensive and integrated
summary of the knowledge at the start of the new millennium. Although
there will be ample room for short communications and posters, the
accent is on review papers covering all aspects of historical
biogeography of the area, including geological developments,
palaeoclimatology, marine and terrestrial life, plants as well as
animals. In addition, attention will be paid to methodology, and to
"applied biogeography" and conservation. Special themes may include
monitoring of Global Climatic Change and Biodiversity assessments. The
meeting will consist of invited presentations, contributed lectures and
posters, and workshops such as on computer applications and on
multidisciplinary research themes.
It is intended to publish the review papers as a book that reflects the
main aim of the symposium: a comprehensive and integrated summary of the
knowledge at the start of the new millennium. The other contributions
will either be published separately or as part of the book.
The scientific programme
 is proposed to consist of  five sections, each with several sessions.
For each section several people have been or are approached to act as
convenor. Since the coverage is not yet complete, we invite you to
suggest additional names, with particular emphasis on names of people
from SE Asia. Convenors for a session will receive the addresses of the
other convenors for the same section enabling them to act in concert.
1. Methodology: 3 sessions: Geology; Palaeontology; Biogeography
2. Mesozoic: 2 sessions: Geology & Palaeontology; Gondwana distribution
patterns in recent organisms
3. Tertiary: 3 sessions: Geology/Plate tectonics; Palaeontology;
Tertiary distribution patterns in recent organisms
4. Quaternary: 4 sessions: Geology & Climatic Change; Terrestrial
(palaeo)biogeography; Marine (palaeo)biogeography; Human Impact
5. Applied Biogeography: 3 sessions: Biodiversity Informatics; Global
Change; Societal Needs & Conservation
Attendance from SE Asia
Researchers and students from the Southeast Asian Region are especially
invited to attend the symposium and to contribute with lectures and/or
posters. The Steering Committee and the International Organizing
Committee will do their utmost to improve funding possibilities for
participation by people from SE Asia.
Convenor for this session: Hoeksema@Naturalis.nnm.nl
Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.71.5687631
Fax: +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 16 16:53:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA11372; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 16:52:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA07590; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 16:59:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007541; Wed, 16 Sep 98 16:59:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA22409; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 20:28:56 GMT
Received: from wgs1.btl.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA22403; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 16:28:48 -0400
Received: from tom ([206.27.238.233]) by wgs1.btl.net
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with SMTP id AAD5CC8
          for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Wed, 16 Sep 1998 14:22:06 -0600
X-Sender: glover@btlmail.btl.net (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Tom Bright <glover@btl.net>
Subject: Bleached Belizean Reefs
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 1998 14:22:06 -0600
Message-ID: <7718756486E.AAD5CC8@wgs1.btl.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 514
Memorandum To: Mr. James Azueta, Coordinator of Marine Protected Areas,
Belize Dept. of Fisheries.
From: Dr. Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager, Glover's Reef Marine Research
Station, Wildlife Conservation Society.
Subject: Wide scale Bleaching on all of Belize's Coral Reefs.
Date: Sept. 15, 1998
Dear James,
The entire Belizean coral reef ecosystem has experienced a massive and
pervasive event of coral bleaching. I have personally observed serious
bleaching down to a depth of at least 8 meters on the fore reef, top reef
and back reef of the main barrier reef at Ranguana Pass, the patch reefs at
Crawl Caye, Laughing Bird Caye, Scipio Caye, Bird Caye, pinnacle reefs
between Ranguana Pass and Lighthouse Caye off Placencia, and the shallow
water off Rum Point. Danny Wesby reports massive bleaching on the fore reef,
top reef, back reef and patch reefs at Glover's Reef Atoll down to at least
7 meters depth. Chris Berlin reports serious bleaching off Ambergris Caye.
Fishermen have told me of bleaching on the main Barrier Reef from Buttonwood
Caye to Ranguana Pass. Divers observed bleaching at South Water Caye and
Cocoplum Caye. All of the observers indicate that, although they have seen
bleaching in past years at this time, none have ever seen it so widespread
and so extensive as this year's event. They said that this is the warmest
they remember the water temperature ever being. All indicate that they began
noticing the bleaching during the last week or so.
>From this information I conclude that there has been a massive and
heretofore unprecedented (in the memory of those Belizean fishermen,
watermen and divers contacted) degree of zooxanthellae expulsion (bleaching)
in the reef coral populations of the entire Belizean Reef ecosystem from the
mainland beach out to the Atolls and including the main Belize Barrier Reef
down to at least 8 meters depth, and probably deeper. Further, it appears
that the bleaching is correlated in time with a period of exceptionally high
regional sea water temperature, and calm weather (there has been very little
wind during the last month).
Bleaching at Crawl Caye on Sept. 2 was reported by me to Dylan Gomez and the
National Coral Reef Monitoring Group. Bleaching was noted on Sept. 7 at
Glover's Reef by the Wildlife Conservation Society staff. Since then the
bleaching has intensified and spread. Thus I conclude that the presumed
cause of the bleaching (high sea water temperature) manifested itself around
the first of September and has not yet abated. Further, I feel that the
bleaching started around the first of September, has progressed since then,
has not yet run it's course, and could get worse than it is now.
I observed water temperature, on my fish finder, at one meter depth, during
a sail from Belize City to Ranguana Pass and across the Gulf of Honduras to
Punta Sal, Honduras during the time in question. It was consistently between
30 C and 32 C and most of the time it was 31 C. Danny Wesby measured the
Glover's Reef Temperatures on Sept. 15. The surface temp. was 32 C and the
temperature at 2 meters was 30 C. The surface waters (upper 1/3 Meter or so)
on shoals and near cayes is warmer, often 36 to 38 C.
Some qualitative conclusions based on my personal observations are as
follows: Almost all Milleporan and Scleractinian corals and the Zooanthid
Palythoa exhibited some degree of bleaching. Total to high bleaching was
prevalent in Millepora, Agaricia, Porites porites and Palythoa. High to
moderate bleaching was prevalent in Montastrea, Siderastrea, and Diploria.
Moderate to low bleaching occurred in Dendrogyra and Acropora (although A.
palmata appeared only moderately bleached on the main Barrier Reef, totally
bleached colonies were observed in places on the lagoonal patch reefs). Most
Millepora, Porites porites, Agaricia and Palythoa were pure white . Many
Montastrea "annularis" (all three growth forms) were pure white over the
major part of their coralla, many were tan, all were affected. Other species
unnamed above were also affected. Black band disease was observed on M.
"annularis", Diploria and Gorgonia but not in any greater frequency than usual.
This is the most extensive case of bleaching that I have ever observed. I
hope that subsequent mortality is minimal. A monitoring effort should be
undertaken to assess the ultimate impact of this massive bleaching event on
the reef coral populations of Belize.
Dr. Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
PO Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
Ph./Fax. 011-501-02-33855 (Belize City)
Ph. 011-501-05-22153 (Middle Caye)
E-mail <glover@btl.net>
Website <www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 16 18:02:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA12020; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 18:02:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA11095; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 18:08:54 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011080; Wed, 16 Sep 98 18:08:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA23192; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 21:57:52 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA23187; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 17:57:48 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA11932 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 17:49:03 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA10588; Wed, 16 Sep 1998 17:55:52 -0400
Received: from radagast.wizard.net(206.161.15.5) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010582; Wed, 16 Sep 98 17:55:37 -0400
Received: from [206.161.15.163] (tc3-s41.wizard.net [206.161.15.163])
	by radagast.wizard.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA09286;
	Wed, 16 Sep 1998 17:52:25 -0400
Message-Id: <199809162152.RAA09286@radagast.wizard.net>
Subject: Re: destructive practices
Date: Wed, 16 Sep 98 17:57:33 -0400
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: <vicki@bigpond.com.kh>, "coral list" <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id SAA12020
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 515
Dear Vicki,
On 9/16/98 you wrote.
>Hi everyone,
>
>I am just starting on a case study on destructive fishing (mostly dynamite)
>and collection of corals for souvenirs in Cambodia. There is much bleating
>about the seriousness of the problem here, but nobody seems to know the
>exact extent of it, who's responsible, how much damage there is and so on.
>I'm aiming to try to get some data on at least the levels of damage from
>dynamite (without becoming damaged myself) and the turnover from the
>souvenir trade. To put our findings into a global context, I would like to
>request information about work people have been doing elsewhere, especially
>references to literature. Before I get sat upon for asking other people to
>do my library search, I should point out that there is no library here. I
>have no access to literature or reports at all apart from what people are
>kind enough to send me. Luckily next week I'm going to England and Scotland
>for a couple of weeks and will hopefully have an opportunity to go to
>bookshops and a library or two. If anyone can point me in the direction of
>the Seminal Work(s) on destruction of reefs and its consequences, I can try
>to get it/them myself. If anyone is altruistic enough to send me reprints,
>reports or books I will be eternally grateful (so will the Cambodians -
>they're chronically lacking in any kind of resource material). Web
>addresses are also useful (its best if they're scientific or have
>quantitative data).
>
>Thanks very much,
>
>cheers,
>
>Vicki
>
>Dr Vicki Nelson
>Danida Coastal Zone Management Project
>PO Box 2298
>Phnom Penh 3
>855-15-839-884
>email: vicki@bigpond.com.kh
Check out the follow two references (they are both on the web) for a global perspective on destructive fishing practices.
Jameson SC, McManus JW, Spalding MD (1995) State of the Reefs:  Regional and Global 	Perspectives. International Coral Reef Initiative, US Dept of State, Washington, DC
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/sor/
Burke L, Bryant D, McManus J, Spalding M  (1998) Reefs at Risk:  A map-based indicator of potential threats to the worlds coral reefs.  World Resources Institute, Washington DC.  http://www.wri.org/indictrs/reefrisk.htm
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 17 11:08:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA19360; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:07:59 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA14459; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:14:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014385; Thu, 17 Sep 98 11:13:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01296; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 15:07:21 GMT
Received: from earth.usgcrp.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA01291; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:07:17 -0400
Received: from [198.116.134.12] (usgcrp12.usgcrp.gov [198.116.134.12])
	by earth.usgcrp.gov (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id LAA31899;
	Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:00:04 -0400
X-Sender: tsocci@earth.usgcrp.gov
Message-Id: <v04003a07b226d5437f96@[198.116.134.12]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:06:50 -0400
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: Tony Socci <tsocci@usgcrp.gov>
Subject: September 23, 1998 USGCRP Seminar: "Depletion and Recovery of the
 Ozone Layer: An Update of the Scientific Understanding"
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by earth.usgcrp.gov id LAA31899
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA19360
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 516
                U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series
                   Depletion and Recovery of the Ozone Layer:
                   An Update of the Scientific Understanding
What are the current and projected trends in stratospheric ozone-depleting
chemicals in the atmosphere?  Has the Montreal Protocol been effective in
reducing ozone-depleting chemicals in the atmosphere?  How severe is ozone
depletion at present?  Will ozone depletion worsen before it gets better?
Is ozone depletion confined solely to high latitudes?  Will the ozone layer
recover to its natural state, and if so, when?  Are there likely to be
surprises along the way?
                                                       Public Invited
                              Wednesday, September 23, 1998, 3:15-4:45 PM
                 TEMPORARY LOCATION - Longworth House Office Bldg., Room 1539
                                                       Washington, DC
                                                   Reception Following
INTRODUCTION
Dr. David Goodrich, Executive Director, U.S. Global Change Research Program
Coordination Office, Washington, DC
SPEAKER
Dr. Daniel L. Albritton, Director, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Aeronomy Laboratory, Boulder, CO
                                          Introduction
            State-of-Science Update: The Stratospheric Ozone Layer
The forthcoming United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
report,"Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998"  will be the newest
in a series of assessments providing an update on the state of scientific
understanding of the Earth's ozone layer.  The key scientific points and
conclusions contained within this report's Executive Summary are listed
below.  These key points were established and agreed upon at a peer-review
meeting held in early June, 1998, of the full assessment report.  Over 250
scientists from around the world participated in the writing and review of
the 1998 report, which will go to press later this year and will be
available in early 1999.
   Key Points of UNEP's Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 1998
 The total tropospheric abundance of ozone-depleting gases peaked in 1994
and is now (slowly)
starting downward, giving direct evidence that the Montreal Protocol is
working.
 The springtime Antarctic ozone hole continues unabated, with the extent
of Antarctic ozone depletion essentially unchanged since the early 1990s.
 In the Arctic, six of the past nine winters have been cold and
protracted.  As predicted in the 1994 assessment, those winters have seen
lower-than-usual ozone levels in the region.  Ozone has declined during
some months by 25-30% below the 1960s average.
 Over the middle latitudes of both the northern and southern hemispheres,
the decadal ozone decline has slowed since about 1991.  The understanding
of how changes in stratospheric chlorine/bromine and aerosol loading affect
ozone suggests some reasons why a linear extrapolation of the pre- 1991
ozone trend to the present is not suitable.
 Ozone losses in the stratosphere may have caused part of the observed
cooling of the lower stratosphere in the polar and upper middle latitudes
(about 0.6 C per decade since 1979).
 The Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) of methyl bromide is now calculated
to be 0.4 [compared to 0.6 from the previous (1994) assessment], with the
change being largely the result of the recognition and better
quantification of removal mechanisms in soils and oceans.
 In the stratosphere, the peak in the abundance of ozone-depleting gases
is expected before the year 2000, and the ozone layer will be in its most
vulnerable state for the next decade or two. Detection of the start of the
ozone layer recovery may not be possible for perhaps another 20 years, due
to natural ozone variability and changing atmospheric conditions.
 There are not many remaining options for substantially hastening the
return to a natural ozone layer. The largest of these options are
associated with potential action regarding the halons, which would
typically lower the sum of the ozone depletion over the next 50 years by a
few to several percent.  Non-adherence to the Montreal Protocol could also
add to future integrated ozone depletion.
                                                           Biography
Dr. Daniel L. Albritton has directed the Aeronomy Laboratory of NOAA's
Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colorado since 1986.  The
research of the Laboratory is focused on understanding the chemistry and
dynamics of the atmosphere.  Several key environmental phenomena are being
addressed: stratospheric ozone depletion, regional tropospheric chemistry,
tropospheric ozone production, tropical ocean/atmosphere interactions, and
the climate system.  The Laboratory is staffed with approximately 115
scientists, engineers, and support personnel.
Personal Research:  Dr. Albritton joined the Aeronomy Laboratory in 1967
and conducted research on the laboratory investigation of atmospheric
ion-molecule reactions and theoretical studies of diatomic molecular
structure.  In later years, his research interest has been the field
investigation of atmospheric trace-gas photochemistry.  He has published
approximately 150 papers in these areas, has contributed numerous invited
review papers, and has lectured worldwide on these subjects.
NOAA National and International Research Planning:  Dr. Albritton was one
of two coordinators of the drafting of the initial research plan for the
U.S. Global Change Research Program.  He has been a member of review and
steering groups for the National Academy of Sciences, other-Federal Agency
and private-sector programs, and international research efforts such as the
International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Program.  He is the Science
Vice-Chair of the Air Quality Research Subcommittee of the Committee on
Environment and Natural Resources.  He also leads the Atmospheric Chemistry
Project of NOAA's Climate and Global Change Program and NOAA's "Health of
the Atmosphere" regional air quality research program.
Scientific Assessments of the Stratospheric Ozone Layer:  Dr. Albritton
serves as Co-chair of the United Nations Environment Programme's Ozone
Science Assessment Panel.  In this capacity, he provides scientific
information to the United Nations Montreal Protocol on Substances that
Deplete the Ozone Layer.  He has often been called upon to describe this
science to other governmental and industrial organizations and to the
public. He has also testified frequently before Congress on this topic.
Scientific Assessments of the Climate System:  He has served as a Lead
Author on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scientific
assessment reports.  He has been invited by numerous organizations to
summarize the current scientific knowns and unknowns regarding the climate
system.
Recognition and Awards:  Dr. Albritton is a Fellow of the American Physical
Society and of the American Geophysical Union.  He has served on the
Editorial Advisory Board of the Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy and the
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, as well as serving as editor of the
latter journal.  Dr. Albritton has received several awards and honors for
outstanding performance in NOAA, including two Department of Commerce Gold
Medal Awards and two Presidential Rank Awards.  For his role in leading
scientific assessments of stratospheric ozone depletion, he has received a
1992 Special Award from the American Meteorological Society, the 1993
Scientific Freedom and Responsibility Award from the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, the 1994 U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency Stratospheric Ozone Protection Award, and a 1995 U. N. Environment
Programme Ozone Award.
The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, October 12, 1998
Tentative Topic: Status of Global Fish Stocks: Causes and Consequences
For more information please contact:
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  A complete archive of seminar summaries can also be
found at this site.  Normally these seminars are held on the second Monday
of each month.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 17 11:50:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA20189; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:50:17 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA17476; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:57:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017464; Thu, 17 Sep 98 11:56:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA01595; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 15:53:50 GMT
Received: from biologia.univalle.edu.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA01589; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 11:53:11 -0400
Received: from biologia.univalle.edu.co (biomarina1.univalle.edu.co [200.25.47.117])
	by biologia.univalle.edu.co (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id KAA17729
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 10:22:08 +0500 (GMT)
Message-ID: <36012E3F.3A66B824@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 1998 10:43:59 -0500
From: "Juan Manuel Jimnez" <jumajime@biologia.univalle.edu.co>
Organization: Universidad del Valle
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Eastern pacific Parrotfish Bioerosion
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by biologia.univalle.edu.co id KAA17729
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id LAA20189
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 517
Dear all,
my name is Juan Manuel Jimnez and Im working in my BSc. thesis at the
Universidad del valle, Cali-colombia. My thesis is dealing with coral
reef bioerosion in the eastern pacific (Parrotfishes).
I have made an extensive search at my Universitiy library and by
internet on my thesis subject and have found a lot of references the
most recent are papers from Belwood an Bruggeman 1996, respectively.
1)I would like to know if any of you have more recent papers you could
send to me dealing with Parrotfish:
bioerosion
patterns of distribution on the reef
feeding ecology
interaction plant-herbivorous fishes
If you have any other material that could help me I would apreciate very
much to receive it.
2) Does any of you have the e-mail address of:
PJB Scott
Paul Sammarco
CW Stearn
PJ Vine
ME Hay
Thank you very much in advance for your help and time and I hope not to
botter any one.
Sincerely,
Juan Manuel
--
Juan Manuel Jimenez
    Personal Address
Calle 1C # 66B100 Apto. 502B
El Refugio
Cali - Colombia
South America
jumajime@biologia.univalle.edu.co
    Office:
Seccion de Biologia Marina
Departamento de Biologia
Universidad del Valle
A.A.: 25360
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 17 12:49:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA21019; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 12:49:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21465; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 12:56:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021408; Thu, 17 Sep 98 12:55:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA02027; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 16:52:52 GMT
Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA02022; Thu, 17 Sep 1998 12:52:47 -0400
Received: from default ([209.91.211.192]) by mail.caribe.net
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO203-101c)
          ID# 0-53642U11000L11000S0V35) with SMTP id AAA16876
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 17 Sep 1998 12:49:55 -0300
Message-ID: <004a01bde25b$365fef00$c0d35bd1@default>
From: "Ernesto Weil" <eweil@caribe.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: More info from PR
Date: Thu, 17 Sep 1998 12:49:57 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0047_01BDE239.AC968200"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.2106.4
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 518
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0047_01BDE239.AC968200
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi there,=20
To complete the information sent a couple of days ago, bleaching in the =
offshore reefs of the southwestern coast of PR (edge of platform, 5 =
miles offshore and reefs - spurs- and - grooves- start at 18 meters and =
extend down to 40 m depth) is less conspicuous. Few colonies of D. =
labyrinthiformis, U. humilis, U. purpurea, A. lamarcky, P.astreoides, =
P.porites, M. franksi , and M. alcicornis are completely bleach. Large =
colonies of M.faveolata and M. franksi show small areas that are pale =
and/or white (no diseases). Today we observed one bleached individual of =
Condilactis gigantea. Overall, frequency of bleached colonies is very =
low and  less than in the nearshore reefs. Water temperature was 84 =
degrees.=20
Saludos, EW
=20
Dr. Ernesto Weil
Depart. of Marine Sciences, UPR
PO BOX 908 Lajas PR 00667
Ph. (787) 899-2048 x. 241
FAX (787) 899-2630/899-5500.
------=_NextPart_000_0047_01BDE239.AC968200
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.2106.6"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Hi there, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>To complete the information sent a =
couple of=20
days ago, b</FONT><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>leaching in the =
offshore reefs of=20
the southwestern coast of PR (edge of platform, 5 miles offshore and =
reefs -=20
spurs- and - grooves- start at 18 meters and extend down to 40 m depth) =
is less=20
conspicuous. Few colonies of <EM>D. labyrinthiformis, U. humilis, U. =
purpurea,=20
A. lamarcky, P.astreoides, P.porites, M. franksi , </EM>and <EM>M.=20
</EM>alcicornis are completely bleach. Large colonies of <EM>M.faveolata =
</EM>and <EM>M. franksi </EM>show small areas that are pale and/or white =
(no=20
diseases). Today we observed one bleached individual of <EM>Condilactis=20
gigantea. </EM>Overall, frequency of bleached colonies is very low =
and&nbsp;=20
less than in the nearshore reefs. Water temperature was 84=20
degrees.&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2><EM></EM></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2><EM></EM>Saludos, EW</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2><EM></EM></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Dr. Ernesto Weil<BR>Depart. of =
Marine Sciences,=20
UPR<BR>PO BOX 908 Lajas PR 00667<BR>Ph. (787) 899-2048 x. 241<BR>FAX =
(787)=20
899-2630/899-5500.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0047_01BDE239.AC968200--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 18 04:57:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA00290; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 04:57:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA21206; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 05:04:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021201; Fri, 18 Sep 98 05:03:29 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA08725; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 08:56:59 GMT
Received: from post.mail.demon.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA08720; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 04:56:55 -0400
From: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk
Received: from [158.152.27.181] (helo=coralcay.demon.co.uk)
	by post.mail.demon.net with esmtp (Exim 2.03 #1)
	id 0zJwHL-0001vm-00
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 08:52:36 +0000
Received: from ws5.coralcay.demon.co.uk (ws5.coralcay.demon.co.uk [192.168.70.14])
	by coralcay.demon.co.uk (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id JAA25595
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 09:51:58 +0100
Message-Id: <199809180851.JAA25595@coralcay.demon.co.uk>
Comments: Authenticated sender is <ccc@server.coralcay.demon.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998 10:05:44 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Water quality analysis
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Win32 (v2.53/R1)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 519
Dear Coral listers,
During our coral reef conservation project in East Kalimantan in
early 1998 we took water samples from reefs in our project area North
of Balikpapan and had them analysed for a quite large range of
parameters: Dissolved oxygen, Salinity, Total Carbon, Total Inorganic
Carbon, pH value, Conductivity, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate,
Alkalinity, Water Hardness, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended
Solids, Metals: Mg, K, Na, Ca, Fe, Co, Pb, Ni, As, Cd, and Hg.
We are now in the process of analysing these data.  I have been
through the primary literature to find a similar data set in the
region (Indonesia but preferrably East Borneo) to use as comparative
data, but with no great success.  Does anyone have such a dataset in
grey literature or knows contacts I could approach?
Thanks a lot.
Maria Beger
Assistant Science Co-ordinator
--
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.  154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK.
Tel: +44 (0)171 498 6248         Fax: +44 (0)171 498 8447
E-Mail: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk | "Providing resources for the protection and
WWW:    http://www.coralcay.org/ |  sustainable use of coastal environments."
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 18 17:02:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA10526; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 17:02:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA00588; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 17:09:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000574; Fri, 18 Sep 98 17:09:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA14213; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 21:04:24 GMT
Received: from mail.whoi.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA14208; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 17:04:21 -0400
Received: from whoi.edu ([128.128.25.35]) by mail.whoi.edu
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.54)  with ESMTP id AAA6F6D
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Fri, 18 Sep 1998 16:59:57 -0400
Message-ID: <3602F2FB.569678FB@whoi.edu>
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998 16:55:39 -0700
From: "Anne Cohen" <acohen@whoi.edu>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: looking for Dr Brent Constantz
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 520
Hello,
I am reading a wonderful paper by Dr Brent R. Constantz on skeletal
organization in Caribbean Acropora spp. and would like very much to
discuss this work further with him. He is not listed in the coral
researchers directory but perhaps someone knows his current email
address or whereabouts. Can you help ?
many thanks
Anne
--
Dr Anne L. Cohen
Department of Geology and Geophysics
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Woods Hole, MA, 02543
USA
phone: (508) 289 2958
fax:  (508) 289 2183
email: acohen@whoi.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 18 18:08:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA11202; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 18:08:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA02352; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 18:15:08 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002346; Fri, 18 Sep 98 18:15:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA14673; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 22:14:03 GMT
Received: from biology.ucsc.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA14668; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 18:13:59 -0400
Received: from dhcp-25-55.UCSC.EDU (dhcp-25-55.UCSC.EDU [128.114.25.144]) by biology.ucsc.edu (8.8.8/8.6.11) with ESMTP id PAA25819; Fri, 18 Sep 1998 15:08:57 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998 15:07:51 -0700 (Pacific Daylight Time)
From: Donald Potts <potts@biology.ucsc.edu>
To: Anne Cohen <acohen@whoi.edu>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: looking for Dr Brent Constantz
In-Reply-To: <3602F2FB.569678FB@whoi.edu>
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.4.03.9809181505560.-434501@potts.ucsc.edu>
X-X-Sender: potts@darwin.ucsc.edu
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 521
Brent can be contacted at BConstantz@aol.com
Don Potts
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 19 11:35:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA15352; Sat, 19 Sep 1998 11:35:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA14334; Sat, 19 Sep 1998 11:42:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014299; Sat, 19 Sep 98 11:41:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA21293; Sat, 19 Sep 1998 15:29:10 GMT
Message-Id: <199809191529.PAA21293@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Benjamin F Mcpherson "<bmcphers@usgs.gov>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral bleaching, Walker's Cay, northern Bahamas, Sept 4-7, 1998.
Date: Fri, 18 Sep 1998 14:18:56 -0400
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 522
Bob Halley and Gene Shinn, USGS, suggested I pass these observations
along.
------- Forwarded Message
Return-Path: bmcphers@srv1sfltpa.er.usgs.gov
Received: from localhost (srv2sfltpa.er.usgs.gov [144.47.17.242]) by srv1sfltpa.er.usgs.gov (Geomail 1.2.3) with ESMTP id NAA19378; Tue, 15 Sep 1998 13:25:28 -0400
Message-Id: <199809151725.NAA19378@srv1sfltpa.er.usgs.gov>
X-Mailer: exmh version 1.5.2 12/21/94
To: rhalley@wayback.er.usgs.gov, "Eugene A Shinn St. Petersburg, FL"
<eshinn>
cc: "Benjamin F Mcpherson, Supv. Hydrologist (Biol), Tampa, FL" <bmcphers>
Subject: coarl bleaching
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 15 Sep 1998 13:25:27 -0400
From: "Benjamin F Mcpherson, Supv. Hydrologist (Biol), Tampa, FL"
<bmcphers>
     My wife Margie and I recently went to Walker's Cay in the
northern Bahamas to dive with sharks.  What struck me on these
dives was the great amount of coral that was bleached white,
including many different types of coral.  I haven't been in
Bahama waters or in the Keys for years, but when I did dive there I don't
remember anything like what I saw in early September at Walkers
Cay.  The bleaching stands out very clearly on many of my
underwater photos.  I've heard a lot about bleaching in the Keys
and other places, primarily in warmer periods.  I haven't seen
such obvious bleaching in Honduras or on other Caribbean reefs I've
visited during the last several years (but these diving trips were
in early summer).  I'm wondering if bleaching is more severe in
the northern  Caribbean reefs or if I just happened to
be there when highest temperatures caused a more obvious effect ?
Is the same thing happening now (Sept) in Honduras and Caymans ?
Any thoughts on this.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 20 01:48:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA19188; Sun, 20 Sep 1998 01:48:46 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA02155; Sun, 20 Sep 1998 01:55:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002147; Sun, 20 Sep 98 01:55:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA26420; Sun, 20 Sep 1998 05:45:37 GMT
Received: from arwen.otago.ac.nz by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA26415; Sun, 20 Sep 1998 01:45:31 -0400
Received: from drummer.otago.ac.nz (dialin073051.otago.ac.nz [139.80.73.51])
	by arwen.otago.ac.nz (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id RAA28293
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 20 Sep 1998 17:40:59 +1200 (NZST)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19980920173612.006904e0@brandywine.otago.ac.nz>
X-Sender: ou008495@brandywine.otago.ac.nz
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Sun, 20 Sep 1998 17:38:52 +1200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Darrin Drumm <darrin.drumm@stonebow.otago.ac.nz>
Subject: looking for information on the ISRS/CMC fellowship
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 523
Dear List members
Last year there was a posting on this list to inform postgraduate students
of Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef Research supported by the
International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) and Center for Marine
Conservation (CMC).  I have been trying to find information pertaining to a
1999 competition for this fellowship but have failed in my efforts to
contact these organizations. Nor have been able to find information on the
Web relating to the Fellowship.  I understood from last years competition
that the award was likely to be offered annually.
If anybody can provide information on a 1999 round i would be most
appreciative.  Feel free to contact me directly at the below address.
Thanks for your help.
Sincerely,
Darrin Drumm
darrin.drumm@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 21 16:25:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA06993; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 16:25:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA00871; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 16:32:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000818; Mon, 21 Sep 98 16:31:53 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA09458; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 20:07:57 GMT
Received: from genserver1.cssciencectr.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA09453; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 16:07:52 -0400
Received: by GENSERVER1 with Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
	id <RGBF37FK>; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 13:06:42 -0700
Message-ID: <430B1492F8BDD111B03E080009EC8A4A176FB7@GENSERVER1>
From: Jonathan Lowrie <jlowrie@cscmail.org>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Marine Aquarium Conference of North America
Date: Mon, 21 Sep 1998 13:06:39 -0700
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.1960.3)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 524
Sorry for the short notice, but I only recently joined this listserv.
The Marine Aquarium Conference of North America is THIS WEEKEND,
September 25 to September 27 in LOS ANGELES.
This is an 'advanced' level Marine Aquarium/Coral reef hobby conference,
but in recent years has had some excellent research on keeping corals,
etc.  So it may be of interest to many of you.  For more details, go to
http://www.masla.com and look for MACNA X.
Below is a list of speakers and topics.
	Daniel Knop  "Some news about coral farming, giant clams and
lime reactors "
	Dieter Brockmann Coral Reef Aquaristics in Germany - Past,
Present and Future Prospects..
	Dr.Jean Jaubert- Natural approaches for the maintenance of
captive reefs: concepts, benefits and applications..
	Martin Moe "The Marine Aquarium: Past, Present, and Future"
	Dr. Walter Adey The linkage of calcification and photosynthesis
optimizes calcification in wild and model reefs.
	Allegra Small The Biodiversity of Coral Reefs: a comparison to
rain forests and aquaria.
	Dr. Bruce Carlson Reef Aquariums: Simulations of nature or just
fancy gardens?
	Charles Delbeek Once Rare and Still Rare Fish in the Marine
Hobby Trade: We're Not Talking Sashimi!
	 Phil Shane and Paul Holthus Marine Fish, A very bright future
	Julian Sprung Reef Fishes of the past; the fossils of Bolca.
	Dr. Ken Yates The Aquarium Wave: When will it Crest ?
	Stanley Brown Captive Propagation: the tip of the Iceberg.
	 Dana Riddle and Andy Amussen"Lights! Color! Acropora!" -
	Dr. Jim Wolf Reef Science and the Trickle Down Theory
	Mike Paletta The History of Reefkeping from a Hobbyist's Point
of View
	John Dyer BANQUET SPEAKER - Marine Life in its
	                            Natural Enviroment
	Larry Jackson "Setting up a Berlin Style Reef"
	Dr. Timothy Hovanec Nitrification in Marine Aquaria -
	                    current status and future research
	 George Paleudis Captive Husbandry of the Lined Seahorse,
	                          Hippocampus erectus.
	Dr. Rob Hildreth Diseases of Marine Fishes with Emphasis on
	  Prevention and a Discussion on Head and Lateral Line Erosion
	Steve Tyree The recent history of keeping Reef Building Stony
	    Corals and New Filtration Methods Utilizing Live Sponges.
	 Albert Thiel Propagation of LPS corals by cutting
	 Jaime BaqueroFish Collection. Net caught fish, coral reefs
	       and somebody who has been forgotten.. the fisherfolk.
	 Jonathan Lowrie & Eric Borneman Chemical messengers of
	 the sea and how they relate to interspecies interaction in
terms of
	                          immunity and disease.
	Morgan Lidster, Bob Goemans, Leng Sy, Albert Thiel
	      Natural Filtration, Algal Turf Scrubbers, Natural Nitrate
	             Reduction, "MUD", and Mangrove Filtration
	Tom Frakes and Roy Herndon Aquacultured Live Rock
	 Bob Fenner Selection of appropriate Marine Life
	David BaskinFish; Field to Facility, " The Process "
	Dr. Marlin Atkinson Research at Biosphere 2
	Here is the Schedule:
	Thursday, Sept. 24, 1998
	12:00 Noon - Exhibitor Set-up
	3:00 PM - MASNA Delegates Meeting
	Friday, Sep. 25, 1998
	8:00 AM - AMDA Annual Meeting
	10:00 AM - Jim Wolf
	* 11:00 AM - Steve Tyree ( Main Session Room )
	* 11:00 AM - Bob Fenner ( Meeting Room )
	12:00 Noon - Stanley Brown
	1:00 PM - Tim Hovanec
	2:00 PM - Dr. Jean Jaubert
	* 3:00 PM - Larry Jackson ( Main Session Room )
	* 3:00 PM - George Paluedis ( Meeting Room )
	4:00 PM - Ken Yates
	5:00 PM - Daniel Knop
	6:00 PM - Jonathan Lowrie & Eric Borneman ( Main Session Room )
	6:00 PM - Morgan Lidster, Bob Goemans, Leng Sy, Albert Thiel and
Marlin
	Adkinson ( Meeting Room )
	8:00 PM - On-Line Chat / Exhibitor Expo / Outdoor Social
	Saturday, Sept. 26, 1998
	9:00 AM - Mike Pellata
	10:00 AM - Phil Shane and Paul Holthus
	*11:00 AM - Allegra Small ( Main Session Room )
	*11:00 AM - Tom Frakes and Roy Herndon ( Meeting Room )
	12:00 PM Lunch Break
	1:00 PM - Bruce Carlson
	2:00 PM - Julian Sprung
	3:00 PM - Dana Riddle and Andy Amussen
	4:00 PM - Dieter Brockmann
	5:00 PM - Break
	5:00 PM - Western Marine Organization Meeting
	7:00 PM - MACNA X Banquet
	8:00 PM - MASNA Presentation
	8:30 PM - John Dyer
	9:15 PM - MASLA Mermaid Presentation
	Sunday, Sept. 27, 1998
	9:00 AM - Charles Delbeek
	10:00 AM - Rob Hildreth
	11:00 AM - Walter Adey
	12:00 PM - Lunch Break
	12:15 PM - WMO / MASNA Meeting
	1:00 PM - MACNA X Raffle
	2:00 PM - Martin Moe
	3:00 PM - Albert Thiel
	4:00 PM - Jaime Baquero
	5:00 PM - David Baskin
	[Jonathan Lowrie]
	Hope to see some of you there
	Jonathan
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 21 19:38:39 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA09217; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 19:37:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA06180; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 19:44:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006174; Mon, 21 Sep 98 19:43:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA10675; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 23:17:05 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA10670; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 19:17:01 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA09005 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 19:07:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA05883; Mon, 21 Sep 1998 19:14:38 -0400
Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au(138.7.32.2) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005871; Mon, 21 Sep 98 19:13:36 -0400
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id JAA23487; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 09:11:17 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980922090303.006f30dc@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 09:03:03 +1000
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Indonesian disaster
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 525
Coralisters,
   I've just spoken with Charlie Veron who has just returned from a trip to
north Flores, Indonesia.  This is an area that is said to be among the best
that Indonesia has to offer for coral reefs.  The current economic crisis
with the skyrocketing price of rice has many people desperate if not
starving.  In their desperation, blast fishermen are out in large numbers.
Charlie heard blasts about every 10 minutes.  The results are that the
reefs have for the most part been reduced to rubble- nothing left.  Charlie
spoke to several people who had been to different parts of Indonesia, and
they confirmed that the same sort of thing has happened all over except for
a few areas where there are still rice supplies.  Charlie reported that if
you got way out from shore, beyond the reach of the canoes, that there are
reefs that are still in good shape with fantastic coral.  One presumes that
they too are in danger of being demolished in time.  The words "ecological
disaster" come to mind if this is widespread.
   I wonder if others have observed this- Please post reports for everyone
to read.  -Doug
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
web: http://www.aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 05:10:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA12525; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 05:09:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA12748; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 05:16:51 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012741; Tue, 22 Sep 98 05:15:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA13739; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:44:14 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA13734; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 04:44:08 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA12236 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 04:34:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA12458; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 04:41:44 -0400
Received: from mail.nnm.nl(193.78.67.5) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012452; Tue, 22 Sep 98 04:41:15 -0400
Received: by mail.nnm.nl with Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
	id <RRV5Q2ZG>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 10:34:56 +0200
Message-ID: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA7930D200@mail.nnm.nl>
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: "'Doug Fenner'" <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral blasting
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 10:34:54 +0200
X-Priority: 3
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 526
In reply to the message of Doug Fenner:
North Flores was considered one of the best dive areas in Indonesia
until December 1992, when an earthquake occurred, followed by
a tsunami and a cyclone (see "Diving Indonesia, A guide to the
World's Greatest Diving", edition 1996: p. 152). Apparently,
blast fishing is removing the corals that have remained so far.
Until August 1998, I have been studying the effect of blast fishing at
South Sulawesi during the last 4.5 years. On average, I heard two blasts
every hour  underwater. Some of the explosions were close and other
ones were far away since the sound of blasts can be carried over long
distances through water.
Coral recovery appears to be a slow process with little long-term
effect since the blast craters contain rubble that does not
form a solid and safe substratum to young coral recruits.
Blast fishing is a well-known practice in SE Asia that has
been difficult to control since the first decades of this century.
Although the price of rice has increased in Indonesia, so has the price
of fish. Especially fishermen who cater to the export business earn much
money (Dollars converted into Rupiahs). This group of rich fishermen,
however, is a small minority.
If the occurrence of blast fishing has increased due to the
economic crisis in Indonesia, then this would indeed be a disaster
for the reefs with consequences for a long time.
It is likely that fishermen would go to reefs more remote
if the reefs nearby would become useless as a resource. This
can also be seen in the over-fishing of sea cucumbers. Their (export)
price has increased drastically (in Dollars and even more Rupiahs).
However, with regard to blast fishing, most fishermen are after
pelagics,
like schools of mackerels and fuseliers, and these are not necessarily
depending on healthy coral reefs. It is just that they can be caught
more
easily above shoals of 3-7 m depth after they become hit by a blast and
sink to the bottom. Blasts in the open sea are useless because the fish
would sink out of reach, unless the fishermen would use expensive nets.
Fishermen who use explosives are aware that they cause damage to their
environment. Just telling them about this is not enough. They are among
the poorest people in Indonesia and they often risk their lifes at sea.
For them it is a matter of survival which is difficult to comprehend by
most of
us who sit in front of a screen on our desk.
Doug Fenner's message is right in bringing this problem to
our attention. The problem is that we have not been able to stop what
has been going on for decades. And now it appears to have become
worse than ever. I wonder who or which organisation can do something
about this.
Best regards,
Bert W. Hoeksema
Bert W. Hoeksema
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.71.5687631
Fax: +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 08:19:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA13652; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:19:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA02785; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:26:21 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002769; Tue, 22 Sep 98 08:25:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA14858; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 11:58:56 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA14853; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 07:58:47 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA13300 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 07:49:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA01934; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 07:56:19 -0400
Received: from unknown(192.188.11.36) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001920; Tue, 22 Sep 98 07:55:34 -0400
Received: from sed12.pppg.ufba.br (sed12.pppg.ufba.br [200.17.149.111])
	by canudos.ufba.br (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id IAA43972;
	Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:49:40 -0300
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:48:43 -0300 (Hor.oficial do Leste da Am.Sul)
From: Ruy Kenji Papa de Kikuchi <kikuchi@ufba.br>
To: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
cc: "'Doug Fenner'" <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: coral blasting
In-Reply-To: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA7930D200@mail.nnm.nl>
Message-ID: <Pine.WNT.3.96.980922081728.-76053C-100000@sed12.pppg.ufba.br>
X-X-Sender: kikuchi@canudos.ufba.br
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 527
Dear coral-listers,
The problem of blast-fishing in reef areas is just one more example that
many, if not all, environmental problems are consequences in great part of
poverty, which international policies have contributed to worsen lately.
We inherited a way of living (or at least expect to have it) that is
inspired in the opulence of developed nations which we (third world)
cannot afford and the underdeveloped
countries, most of them I guess, are trying to play a game
which roles are set for them to loose. The global market exists for those
who have much money to earn much more
and nothing more matters, and the last year's economic crisis shows us
this obvious thing.
This 'philosophical' paragraph was written only to say that sporadic and
restricted actions to specific environmental problems will not resolve
problems. Maybe we scientists must try to cross swords with economists
and win some battles before some environmental (thus social, and
vice-versa) problems will begin to be solved.
Just a last word. I'm not implying that the culprits are alien to the
underdeveloped countries people.
Ruy Kenji P. Kikuchi
Feira de Santana State University
Brazil
kikuchi@ufba.br
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 08:52:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA14219; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:52:38 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA04351; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:59:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004338; Tue, 22 Sep 98 08:58:54 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA15080; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 12:33:09 GMT
Received: from smtp1.erols.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA15071; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:33:06 -0400
Received: from erols.com (207-172-252-17.s65.as3.rkv.erols.com [207.172.252.17])
	by smtp1.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id IAA14729
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:28:22 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <3607982B.FD2AC005@erols.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 08:29:31 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Reply-To: jware@erols.com
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Dynamiting in Caribbean??
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 528
Dear Listers,
Appropos of the just listed material on blast fishing:
Last week I overheard a recreational diver asserting that dynamite
fishing was being used on the island of Roatan (Honduras).  The diver
had no data to support this contention, just stating what he had been
told on a recent trip.
I have not heard of or read of blast fishing in the Caribbean in general
or on Roatan in particular.  Do any of you have any information on
current use of blast fishing on Roatan or anywhere in the Caribbean?
Thanks,
John
--
     ***********************************************************
     *                                                         *
     *                   John R. Ware, PhD                     *
     *                       President                         *
     *                    SeaServices, Inc.                    *
     *                 19572 Club House Road                   *
     *              Gaithersburg, MD, 20886, USA               *
     *                     301 987-8507                        *
     *                    jware@erols.com                      *
     *                                                         *
     *                                     _                   *
     *    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    *
     *                                   _|__                  *
     *                                  | _ |                  *
     *           _______________________|   |______            *
     *        |\/__     Sea Services, Inc.         \           *
     *        |/\__________________________________/           *
     ***********************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 10:47:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA18095; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 10:47:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA11647; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 10:54:41 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011582; Tue, 22 Sep 98 10:53:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA15973; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 14:34:15 GMT
Message-Id: <199809221434.OAA15973@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 22 Sep 1998 10:22:10 -0400
From: "Haskell, Ben" <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Tortugas 2000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 529
Dear Coral list, CMPAN and other interested parties-
The following is an introduction to the process to create a coral reef
marine reserve in the Tortugas region of the Florida Keys.
"The Tortugas, Florida, probably surpasses any other situation in the trop=
ical Atlantic, in the richness of its marine fauna and in natural =
advantages for the study of tropical life..." (Mayer 1903).  Alfred =
Goldsborough Mayer's observation about the Tortugas written 95 years ago =
still holds true, and is even more relevant today with the degradation of =
coral reef ecosystems in the Florida Keys and around the world. However, =
one thing that hasn't changed much since the days of Mayer's Tortugas =
Marine Lab (1904-1939) and Louis and Alexander Agassiz's Tortugas =
explorations in the mid- to late 1800's is the relatively pristine =
quality of the water and marine resources of the region.  This is among =
the various reasons that the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary =
(FKNMS) plans to designate an area in the Tortugas region as an ecological=
 reserve in the year 2000.
The FKNMS has the most extensive network of marine reserves in the US, =
implemented in July 1997 after 6 years of controversy and debate.  The 23 =
marine zones cover less than 1% of the 2800 square nautical mile (951,547 =
ha) Sanctuary but encompass 65% of the bank reef habitat along the coral =
reef tract.  The Tortugas Ecological Reserve will be the second reserve, =
the purpose of which is to protect a representative segment of the =
ecosystem allowing it to return to as natural a state as possible.  The =
existing Western Sambo Ecological Reserve is 3000 ha, extends from land =
to the offshore bank reef and prohibits all consumptive activities but =
allows diving and snorkeling.  For a description of the zones visit our =
website at www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov.
The Tortugas are a remote area located 112 km west of Key West and over =
224 km from mainland Florida.  Its coral reef, hardbottom, and seagrass =
communities are bathed by the clearest and cleanest waters in the Florida =
Keys archipelago.  The oceanography of the area is dominated by gyres =
fueled by the Gulf Stream -one of the world's strongest currents- =
creating a  vortex of marine biodiversity.  Based on recent research by =
Roberts (1997) the Tortugas has a high potential for receiving larvae =
emanating from a wide area in the Caribbean as well as exporting larvae =
to a large area including the entire Keys archipelago  and the east coast =
of Florida.
Tortugas 2000 is a community-based, collaborative project to create the =
reserve.  A working group composed of user and government stakeholders is =
tasked with developing criteria for the reserve and then drafting =
boundary alternatives for public comment.  The process to create the =
reserve is being chronicled on the Tortugas 2000 website at http://fpac.fs=
u.edu/tortugas.  At this site you will find such things as a description =
of the unique resources, a one-page, downloadable update on the process, =
deliberations of the working group, a conference center where discussions =
take place on different aspects of designing the reserve, and background =
information on marine reserves.
We need your help in designing the best possible marine reserve.  Here's =
how you can assist us:
1) If you have specific knowledge of the Tortugas area through research =
or observations please share them with us.
2) If you have suggestions on what criteria to use for designing the =
reserve please send them to Ben Haskell at bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov.
3) Please offer your comments on creating the reserve either online =
through the website when that becomes available, via email, via regular =
mail, or by attending one of our 5 scoping meetings during Oct./Nov. (see =
website for dates and locations).
4) If you have an interest in seeing a world-class research facility =
developed in the Dry Tortugas to study the effects of the reserve and the =
deepwater coral communities then let us know.
5) If you're interested in working as a marine reserve intern and have =
web development skills on Mac and/or UNIX then please send resume to =
bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov.
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is one of twelve National =
Marine Sanctuaries in the United States designated to protect significant =
natural and cultural resources.
Thank you for your interest,
Benjamin Haskell, Project Manager
References
Mayer, A.G. 1903. The Tortugas, Florida as a station for research in =
biology. Science 17: 190-192.
Roberts, C. 1997. Connectivity and management of Caribbean coral reefs. =
Science 278: 1454-1457.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 13:10:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA21614; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 13:10:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA22683; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 13:17:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022658; Tue, 22 Sep 98 13:16:55 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA16883; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 16:58:49 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA16878; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 12:58:45 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA21372 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 12:49:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA21283; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 12:56:14 -0400
Received: from relay1.hawaii.edu(128.171.3.53) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021251; Tue, 22 Sep 98 12:55:34 -0400
Received: from [128.171.44.55] ([128.171.44.55]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148415(6)>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 06:53:08 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <188932(8)>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 06:53:02 -1000
Date: 	Tue, 22 Sep 1998 06:52:58 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix5
To: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
cc: "'Doug Fenner'" <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>, coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: coral blasting
In-Reply-To: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA7930D200@mail.nnm.nl>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980922065143.723E-100000@uhunix5>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 530
As always it is the age old dilemna of offering alternatives. Unless one
can offer them alternatives, native peoples will do what is necessary for
short term survival.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
On Mon, 21 Sep 1998, Hoeksema, B.W. wrote:
> In reply to the message of Doug Fenner:
>
> North Flores was considered one of the best dive areas in Indonesia
> until December 1992, when an earthquake occurred, followed by
> a tsunami and a cyclone (see "Diving Indonesia, A guide to the
> World's Greatest Diving", edition 1996: p. 152). Apparently,
> blast fishing is removing the corals that have remained so far.
>
> Until August 1998, I have been studying the effect of blast fishing at
> South Sulawesi during the last 4.5 years. On average, I heard two blasts
>
> every hour  underwater. Some of the explosions were close and other
> ones were far away since the sound of blasts can be carried over long
> distances through water.
>
> Coral recovery appears to be a slow process with little long-term
> effect since the blast craters contain rubble that does not
> form a solid and safe substratum to young coral recruits.
>
> Blast fishing is a well-known practice in SE Asia that has
> been difficult to control since the first decades of this century.
> Although the price of rice has increased in Indonesia, so has the price
> of fish. Especially fishermen who cater to the export business earn much
> money (Dollars converted into Rupiahs). This group of rich fishermen,
> however, is a small minority.
>
> If the occurrence of blast fishing has increased due to the
> economic crisis in Indonesia, then this would indeed be a disaster
> for the reefs with consequences for a long time.
>
> It is likely that fishermen would go to reefs more remote
> if the reefs nearby would become useless as a resource. This
> can also be seen in the over-fishing of sea cucumbers. Their (export)
> price has increased drastically (in Dollars and even more Rupiahs).
> However, with regard to blast fishing, most fishermen are after
> pelagics,
> like schools of mackerels and fuseliers, and these are not necessarily
> depending on healthy coral reefs. It is just that they can be caught
> more
> easily above shoals of 3-7 m depth after they become hit by a blast and
> sink to the bottom. Blasts in the open sea are useless because the fish
> would sink out of reach, unless the fishermen would use expensive nets.
>
> Fishermen who use explosives are aware that they cause damage to their
> environment. Just telling them about this is not enough. They are among
> the poorest people in Indonesia and they often risk their lifes at sea.
> For them it is a matter of survival which is difficult to comprehend by
> most of
> us who sit in front of a screen on our desk.
>
> Doug Fenner's message is right in bringing this problem to
> our attention. The problem is that we have not been able to stop what
> has been going on for decades. And now it appears to have become
> worse than ever. I wonder who or which organisation can do something
> about this.
>
> Best regards,
>
> Bert W. Hoeksema
>
> Bert W. Hoeksema
> National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
> P.O. Box 9517
> 2300 RA  Leiden
> The Netherlands
> Tel.: +31.71.5687631
> Fax: +31.71.5687666
> E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 15:47:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA25689; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 15:47:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA02929; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 15:54:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002883; Tue, 22 Sep 98 15:53:52 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA17815; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 19:34:55 GMT
Received: from biff.engr.mun.ca by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA17810; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 15:34:50 -0400
Received: from engr.mun.ca ([134.153.67.36])
	by biff.engr.mun.ca (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id NAA15769
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 13:39:49 -0230 (NDT)
Message-ID: <3607CA51.46A1FCDF@engr.mun.ca>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 13:33:30 -0230
From: Haryo Armono <armono@engr.mun.ca>
Organization: Memorial University
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.06 [en] (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Artificial reefs References
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 531
Dear Coral listers,
I'm writing my master thesis  about "Flow Field Modelling on the
Hemispherical Artificial Reefs using Finite Volume Methods." I need some
references (papers or textbook) for that.
What I've found are:
1. Frank M.D'itri,, 1986. "Artificial Reefs: Marine and Freshwater
Applications", Lewis Publishers, Inc.
2. L.M. Chou, 1997,"Artificial Reefs of Southeast Asia - Do they enhance
or degrade the marine environtment", Kluwer Academic Publishers
3. Alan T. White; Chou Loke Ming; M.W.R.N. de Silva; Flordeliz Y.
Guarin., 1990, "Artificial Reefs for Marine Habitat Enhancement in
Southeast Asia", Internationa Center for Living Aquatic Resources
Management.
4. Some papers from Journal of Waterways, Port Coastal and Ocean
Engineering, ASCE and Proceeding of International Conference of Coastal
Engineeering, on Numerical Modelling and Submerged Breakwater /
Artificial Reefs.
It would be helpful if someone could give me more textbook or
international journal related with artificial reefs for my references.
Thank you
********************************************
Haryo D. Armono
Box 79 Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science
Memorial University of Newfoundland (MUN)
St. John's, NF
Canada A1B 3X5
http://www.engr.mun.ca/~armono
ICQ#15545070
********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 18:24:50 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA28235; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:24:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA10166; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:31:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010150; Tue, 22 Sep 98 18:31:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA18766; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 22:11:08 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA18757; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:11:03 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA28100 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:01:36 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA09297; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:08:32 -0400
Received: from pixie.ucb.edu.bz(206.27.244.60) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009232; Tue, 22 Sep 98 18:07:37 -0400
Received: from pmail.ucb.edu.bz (pmail.ucb.edu.bz [192.168.244.61])
	by pixie.ucb.edu.bz (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id QAA09034
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 16:05:24 -0600
Received: from UCB_NOVELL/SpoolDir by pmail.ucb.edu.bz (Mercury 1.31);
    22 Sep 98 16:04:26 -0600
Received: from SpoolDir by UCB_NOVELL (Mercury 1.31); 22 Sep 98 16:04:20 -0600
From: "JONATHAN KELSEY" <jkelsey@ucb.edu.bz>
Organization: University College of Belize
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 16:04:14 -0600
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Re: coral blasting
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.53/R1)
Message-ID: <70AAE52696@pmail.ucb.edu.bz>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 532
> Subject:       Re: coral blasting
> As always it is the age old dilemna of offering alternatives. Unless one
> can offer them alternatives, native peoples will do what is necessary for
> short term survival.
>
> J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Dear Mr. Delbeek,
Your statement regarding native peoples, as I think others will
agree,  is quite hasty.  I think you will find there many
well documented  examples of native people conserving marine
resources.  I suggest you pick up copies of James McGoodwin's "Crisis
in the World's Fisheries" and "Words of the Lagoon" by Bob Johannes.
Carl Safina's, "Song for the Blue Ocean" also documents some
indigenous peoples efforts at conserving resources.
Examples can also be found in the history of Maine's 'native'
lobstermen.  If you would like some specific cites I would be
more than happy to contribute.
I would offer  that the fact that the people you refer to are  native
people has little to do with resource degradation of this scale.
More often such exploitation comes from forcing small-scale,
artesinal, and subsistence fishers  into a capital-based economy.  It
is a plague that has devastated even the world's most abundant
fisheries, from Newfoundland cod to California anchovie and urchin.
I've not meant to be rude, but I feel that it is important to see
beyond this strong, hegemonistic, and  typically-western viewpoint.
Thank you.
Sincerely,
Jonathan Kelsey
Research and Education Coordinator
University College of Belize
Marine Research Centre
P.O. Box 990
Belize City, Belize
Central America
Phone:  023-0256
JKELSEY@ucb.edu.bz
>
> "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
> Mr. Spock
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 20:34:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA29110; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 20:34:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA15794; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 20:41:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015742; Tue, 22 Sep 98 20:40:42 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA19600; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 00:23:23 GMT
Message-Id: <199809230023.AAA19600@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 18:45:12 -0400
From: Andalusi <uksda@kupang.wasantara.net.id>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re : Coral Blasting
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 533
Dear Coral Listers
As u all know probably that there are lots of coral blasting in Indonesia
and as I am now based in Timor Islands and working for an environment
agency It is very sad to know that we haven't been able to tackle the
problem yet.  The blasting event done by most of the fisherman is a chain
of irresponsible action from some people.
I agree that ppl who do the coral blasting is the poorest ppl. But it
seems that they see this is a very easy way to collect fish compare using
the line fishing method and also they cannot afford to have a (floating)
bagan. But I have to admit probably there are some other force besides
what has been thought as in the above, behind what they do.
The detonator is not available freely, only certain organization can have
the detonator Therefore to cut such action is a bit difficult. Since the
distribution must come from internal source that are difficult to sought.
Someone told me that sometimes an irrespponsible person from the
responsible organization which should be guarding marine area is behind
the distribution of the detonator.
I can't do anything about coral blasting for a moment. The only thing I
can do is coordinate patroling in the area. But it is not easy since there
are many agencies should be involved.  We are trying to coordinate the
patroling with the navy, with the local government on policy problem so
this can be tackled. Yet, we have a long way to go, in the meanwhile
hopefully the coral is still there
One more thing besides blasting is the cyanide fishing. Which can also be
found in NTT. A recent survey by LIPI (indonesian Scientific Authority)
has temporarily found out that the number of species of fish and any other
marine life is very scarce in Kupang Bay.  I don't know what phenomenon
occured in here since we have very little expertise and manpower to
conduct a good coral reef protection activities.
Therefore, if u have any other report or suggestion, I hope that u can
share it with us here in NTT please.  I will pass the existing mail from
this list to the responsible government agencies and navy hopefully we can
do something about it.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 21:09:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA29849; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 21:09:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA16790; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 21:16:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016785; Tue, 22 Sep 98 21:16:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA19828; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 00:58:57 GMT
Received: from imo19.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA19823; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 20:58:53 -0400
From: EricHugo@aol.com
Received: from EricHugo@aol.com
	by imo19.mx.aol.com (IMOv16.10) id WSGBa22057;
	Tue, 22 Sep 1998 20:52:34 +2000 (EDT)
Message-ID: <4ac5aea8.36084652@aol.com>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 20:52:34 EDT
To: armono@engr.mun.ca, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        jwiseman@uclink.berkeley.edu
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Re:  Artificial reefs References
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Mac sub 78
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 534
There is someone I know here in Houston who is heading off the "Rigs to Reefs"
program off Galveston island in Texas. He has also worked with similar
programs off the Calfiornia coast and has, if I am not mistaken, accumulated
some pretty good data and refernce material already.  His name is James
Wiseman and you can reach him at jwiseman@uclink.berkeley.edu.
Eric Borneman
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 22 23:42:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA01000; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:42:18 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA20884; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:49:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020851; Tue, 22 Sep 98 23:48:48 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA20721; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 03:30:45 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA20716; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:30:41 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA00870 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:21:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA19900; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:28:08 -0400
Received: from relay1.hawaii.edu(128.171.3.53) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019866; Tue, 22 Sep 98 23:27:17 -0400
Received: from [128.171.44.54] ([128.171.44.54]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148669(9)>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 17:24:54 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix4.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <216712(7)>; Tue, 22 Sep 1998 17:24:43 -1000
Date: 	Tue, 22 Sep 1998 17:24:40 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix4
To: JONATHAN KELSEY <jkelsey@ucb.edu.bz>
cc: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: coral blasting
In-Reply-To: <70AAE52696@pmail.ucb.edu.bz>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95q.980922171229.23983D-100000@uhunix4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 535
As I said, unless offered alternatives, the resources come second to
survival. The examples you mentioned obviously hilight instances where
alternatives HAVE been found be they better management of resources,
alternative uses, sustainable yield programs, etc etc. Having contacts in
the aquarium industry as well as in organisations such as Ocean Voice
International, the International Marinelife Alliance, and Project
Seahorse, I have some insight to the cyanide fishing issues in the
Philippines and as well as the collection and devastation of seahorse
populations around the Pacific basin.
My comment concerned the message that it is easy to poohpooh people for
dynamiting or overfishing their resources from the comfort of ones living
room. Unless alternatives can be offered there is little incentive to
stop. As a Philippine fisherman once told a friend of mine who was giving
a lecture in a local village about reef ecology and the perils of
overfishing "When I come home with my stomach empty and my family waiting
for food, and I see a fish in the water ... what do you think I will do?
Will I think I need to leave that fish for the good of the reef or will I
catch it to feed my wife and children?"
I consider native peoples as the people in living in the area, so yes
Newfoundlanders are "native peoples" too :-)
I did not mean to imply that being a "native" was in any way a comment on
their environmental ethics. Please don't read between my lines.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
> Your statement regarding native peoples, as I think others will
> agree,  is quite hasty.  I think you will find there many
> well documented  examples of native people conserving marine
> resources.  I suggest you pick up copies of James McGoodwin's "Crisis
> in the World's Fisheries" and "Words of the Lagoon" by Bob Johannes.
> Carl Safina's, "Song for the Blue Ocean" also documents some
> indigenous peoples efforts at conserving resources.
>
> Examples can also be found in the history of Maine's 'native'
> lobstermen.  If you would like some specific cites I would be
> more than happy to contribute.
>
> I would offer  that the fact that the people you refer to are  native
> people has little to do with resource degradation of this scale.
> More often such exploitation comes from forcing small-scale,
> artesinal, and subsistence fishers  into a capital-based economy.  It
> is a plague that has devastated even the world's most abundant
> fisheries, from Newfoundland cod to California anchovie and urchin.
> I've not meant to be rude, but I feel that it is important to see
> beyond this strong, hegemonistic, and  typically-western viewpoint.
> Thank you.
>
> Sincerely,
> Jonathan Kelsey
>
> Research and Education Coordinator
> University College of Belize
> Marine Research Centre
> P.O. Box 990
> Belize City, Belize
> Central America
>
> Phone:  023-0256
> JKELSEY@ucb.edu.bz
>
>
>
> >
> > "The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
> > Mr. Spock
> >
> >
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 23 01:05:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA01286; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 01:05:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA22554; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 01:12:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022511; Wed, 23 Sep 98 01:12:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA21164; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 04:44:54 GMT
Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA21159; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 00:44:47 -0400
Received: from minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm [196.3.0.2])
	by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id AAA08679;
	Wed, 23 Sep 1998 00:37:29 -0400 (GMT+4:00)
Received: from localhost by minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA14890; Tue, 22 Sep 98 23:40:58-050
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 1998 23:40:57 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Dynamiting in Caribbean??
In-Reply-To: <3607982B.FD2AC005@erols.com>
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.980922233644.14329A-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 536
It has been taking place in Jamaica, mostly near Kingston, for at least
thirty years.
Jeremy Woodley
On Tue, 22 Sep 1998, John Ware wrote:
> Dear Listers,
>
> Appropos of the just listed material on blast fishing:
>
> Last week I overheard a recreational diver asserting that dynamite
> fishing was being used on the island of Roatan (Honduras).  The diver
> had no data to support this contention, just stating what he had been
> told on a recent trip.
>
> I have not heard of or read of blast fishing in the Caribbean in general
> or on Roatan in particular.  Do any of you have any information on
> current use of blast fishing on Roatan or anywhere in the Caribbean?
>
> Thanks,
>
> John
> --
>      ***********************************************************
>      *                                                         *
>      *                   John R. Ware, PhD                     *
>      *                       President                         *
>      *                    SeaServices, Inc.                    *
>      *                 19572 Club House Road                   *
>      *              Gaithersburg, MD, 20886, USA               *
>      *                     301 987-8507                        *
>      *                    jware@erols.com                      *
>      *                                                         *
>      *                                     _                   *
>      *    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    *
>      *                                   _|__                  *
>      *                                  | _ |                  *
>      *           _______________________|   |______            *
>      *        |\/__     Sea Services, Inc.         \           *
>      *        |/\__________________________________/           *
>      ***********************************************************
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 23 08:47:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA05729; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 08:47:26 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA01659; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 08:54:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001636; Wed, 23 Sep 98 08:53:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA23761; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 12:32:49 GMT
Received: from istn.irost.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA23756; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 08:32:42 -0400
From: inco@istn.irost.com
Received: from MHS by istn.irost.com with MHS
    id $T301740 ; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 15:58:44 -0500
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 15:57:36 -0500
Message-ID: <TCPSMTP.18.9.23.15.57.36.2478081737.626019@istn.irost.com>
Subject:
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 537
Dear Coral List Subscribers
I was wondering if you would kindly help me with the following issue:
I am a marine biologist(M.Sc.) and would like to work on a specific
project regarding the environmental impacts and health (from ecological
point of view)of the coral reefs of the Persian Gulf(IRAN). I am trying
to get in touch with scientists and researchers who have worked on the
coral reefs of this region, or if they have any suggestions or
recommendations in this respect. I require this information concerning a
research proposal, as the economical and developmental (including
coastal tourism) activities is increasing in this region.
Therefore, I would like to establish a baseline in order not only to
increase public awarness but to help decision-makers to consider the
"issues" in their long-term plans.
I would be most grateful if you contact me at:
Email: INCO@ISTN.IROST.COM
       Or Shokri_mr@hotmail.com
Thank you in advance.
Mohammad Reza Shokri
Iranian National Center For Oceanography
Living Resource Dep.
No:51, Bozorgmehr Ave., 14168 Tehran - Iran
P.O.Box:14155-4781
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 23 10:53:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA10051; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 10:53:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA06677; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 11:00:26 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006644; Wed, 23 Sep 98 10:59:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA24386; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 14:09:50 GMT
Message-Id: <199809231409.OAA24386@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 10:07:31 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: CHAMP, coral-list shutdown
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 538
Due to the impending threat of Hurricane Georges, all computers at
NOAA/AOML, including the one that serves the CHAMP Home Page and
coral-list, will be shutdown until further notice.  We apologize for any
inconvenience.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP and coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 09:04:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA26229; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:03:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA05188; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:10:16 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005181; Mon, 28 Sep 98 09:10:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA25027; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 15:33:07 GMT
Received: from taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA25011; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 11:33:01 -0400
Received: from kat1003 (helo=localhost)
	by taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk with local-smtp (Exim 2.03 #2)
	id 0zLqpy-0005C1-00
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 16:28:14 +0100
Date: Wed, 23 Sep 1998 16:28:14 +0100 (BST)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
Reply-To: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Reef Encounter - call for contributions
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.980921124731.22710H-100000@taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 539
DEALINE FOR CONTRIBUTIONS 1st OCTOBER
REEF ENCOUNTER No. 24
NEWSLETTER OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR REEF STUDIES
CALL FOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Dear all,
We are currently looking for articles for the next issue of Reef
Encounter. We would welcome contributions from a few hundred words to a
couple of pages on any aspect of reef studies, including news, comments,
short reviews (but not original scientific data) and especially
illustrations/cartoons. Our deadline is 1st October and text sent by email
is strongly preferred. You can also send illustrations (and text if
desired) to the address at the end of this message.
Please email your articles to one of us at:
Maggie Watson,   iclarm@caribsurf.com
David Obura,     dobura@africaonline.co.ke
Kristian Teleki,   kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
If you are interested in joining the International Society for Reef
Studies and receiving Reef Encounter please contact Callum Roberts,
cr10@york.ac.uk
Thanks,
Maggie, David and Kristian
_______________________________________________________________
Kristian A. Teleki              Tel   +44 1223 333399 (General)
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit       +44 1223 339775 (Direct)
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge         Fax   +44 1223 355674
Downing Place
Cambridge  CB2 3EN              Email: kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
United Kingdom
_______________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 09:05:29 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA26250; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:04:13 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA05198; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:11:16 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005193; Mon, 28 Sep 98 09:11:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA00996; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 12:17:28 GMT
Message-Id: <199809281217.MAA00996@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1998 08:15:36 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral-list & CHAMP back online
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 540
Greetings,
	Coral-List and the CHAMP Home Page are back online.  Sorry for any
inconvenience.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 09:12:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA26420; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:11:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA05323; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:18:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005317; Mon, 28 Sep 98 09:17:30 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA01178; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 12:38:45 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA01173; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 08:38:41 -0400
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id WAA06697
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 23 Sep 1998 22:46:49 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1305530540.87644@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 23 Sep 1998 22:57:58 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Artificial reefs References
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA26420
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 541
                           Subject:                         Time:   9:30 AM
                           RE>Artificial reefs References   Date:   9/23/98
These are all older references, but may be a good start.  Others on the list will be able to provide newer references:
Bohnsack, J. A. and F. H. Talbot (1980). "Species-packing by reef fishes on Australian and Caribbean reefs an experimental approach." Bulletin of Marine Science 30(3): 710-723.
Bohnsack, J. A. (1983). "Species turnover and the order versus chaos controversyconcerning reef  fish community structure." Coral Reefs 1(4): 223-228.
Bohnsack, J. A. (1983). "Resiliency of reef fish communities in the Florida Keys following a  January 1977 hypothermal fish kill." Environmental Biology of Fishes 9(1): 41-53.
Bohnsack, J. A. and D. L. Sutherland (1985). "Artificial reef research: a review with recommendations for future  priorities." Bulletin of Marine Science 37(1): 11-39.
Bohnsack, J. A. (1989). "Are high densities of fishes at artificial reefs the result of habitat limitation or behavioral preference?" Bulletin of Marine Science 44(2): 631-645.
Hixon, M. A. and W. N. Brostoff (1985). "Substrate characteristics, fish grazing, and epibenthic reef assemblages  off Hawaii." Bulletin of Marine Science 37(1): 200-213.
Menge, B. A., L. R. Ashkenas, et al. (1983). "Use of artificial holes in studying community development in cryptic  marine habitats in a tropical rocky intertidal region." Marine Biology 77: 129-142.
Molles, M. C. (1978). "Fish species diversity on model and natural reef patches:experimental  insular biogeography." Ecological Monographs 48(3): 289-305.
Mueller, E. L. (1988). "Managing interreefal environments and resources by artificial  constructions." Proceedings of the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville 2: 387-391.
Russell, B. C., F. H. Talbot, et al. (1974). "Patterns of colinisation of artificial reefs by coral reeffishes." Proceedings of the Second International Coral Reef Symposium, Australia 1: 207-215.
Russell, B. C., G. R. V. Anderson, et al. (1977). "Seasonality and recruitment of coral reef fishes." Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 28(4): 421-528.
Sale, P. F., W. A. Douglas, et al. (1975). "Choice of microhabitats by coral reef fishes at settlement@ Coral  Reefs@3(2)@91-99@1984@file@reef fish/damsel/larvae/habitat@ Sale, PF/Dybdahl,  R@Determinants of community structure for coral reef fishes in an experimental  habitat." Ecology 56(6): 1343-1355.
Schroeder, R. E. (1985). "Recruitment rate patterns of coral-reef fishes at Midway Lagoon  (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands)." Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef Congress, Tahiti 5: 379-384.
Schuhmacher, H. (1988). "Development of coral communities on artificial reef types over 20 years  (Eilat, Red Sea)." Proceedings of the Sixth International Coral Reef Symposium, Townsville 3: 379-384.
Shulman, M. J., J. C. Ogden, et al. (1983). "Priority effects in the recruitment of juvenile coral reeffishes." Ecology 64(6): 1508-1513.
Shulman, M. J. (1985). "Recruitment of coral reef fishes: effects of distribution of predators and  shelter." Ecology 66(3): 1056-1066.
Talbot, F. H., B. C. Russell, et al. (1978). "Coral reef fish communities unstable, high-diversity systems?" Ecological Monographs 48(4): 425-440.
Williams, D. M. and P. F. Sale (1981). "Spatial and temporal patterns of recruitment of juvenile coral reef fishes  to coral habitats within One Tree Lagoon, Great Barrier Reef." Marine Biology 65(3): 245-253.
Cheers,
Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 19:59:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA09118; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 19:59:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA12156; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:06:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012140; Mon, 28 Sep 98 20:05:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA06493; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 23:28:23 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA06488; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 19:28:15 -0400
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id JAA29589; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:23:22 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980929091335.0070e9f0@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:13:35 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Indonesia blast fishing
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 542
In response to the observations on blast-fishing in
Flores, Indonesia:
There is no doubt that the situation in Indonesia is nearing disaster
proportions. People are starving. The economy is already a mess, and will
get worse. Present "aid" efforts, such as exist, are futile,
self-serving and slow. We may be seeing a demonstration of how completely
one man (one family) can wreck the fourth largest country in the world,
the one that has (had?) more reefs than any on the planet.
On the other hand, we should not kid ourselves that this is a new
situation. Blast-fishing has been used in the region for almost a century.
There are reports, backed up by eyewitness evidence (some of it mine) that
the reefs all around the entire perimeter of Sumatra were largely bombed
out in 3-4 years, in the early 1990's. There are places around Sulawesi
where explosions every 10 min. are the norm! But the problem here lies in
the phrase "eyewitness accounts." Indonesia probably has fewer published
accounts of its reefs, per hectare, than anywhere else. We need rigorously
conducted retrospective studies far more than we need anecdotal evidence.
If we knew how fast the bomb (and don't forget the cyanide) destruction
was accelerating due to the economic crash, we could make some econometric
projections re value of lost resources that might have political impact.
Having said that: I appreciate the value of Bert Hoeksma's observations
(Bert has been out there for a long time, and knows a great deal about the
place). Some if not most bomb damage produces destabilised rubble on which
recruitment is slow. On the other hand, in many areas it is possible to
see new recruits littering the bottom of craters a year old. In my
opinion, a much larger longterm threat to the reefs of the entire SE Asian
region is land-based sources of pollution, the subject of the recent UN
Protocol.
After the bombing and the cyanide stop (if they ever do), those reefs will
gradually recover. In contrast, there are no sewage treatment plants
anywhere in Indonesia, and few if any industrial controls (and none that
are adhered to.) Our Java project has reported heavy metal values in
marine sediments well above acceptable limits, and every major city in
Indonesia has a big offshore reef gap.
This situation is documented in an upcoming paper by Evan Edinger (Mar
Poll Bull), in which he summarizes several reef studies from Indonesia and
compares with data from older studies. In short, land-based sources
produce something between total reef extirpation (as Tom Tomascik has
described for Jakarta Bay) to a reduction of 30% in generic diversity over
the past 15 years.
Even in an economic crisis, food aid and better patrolling can reduce the
damage from bombing. The other stuff just keeps on coming....
Yours in sorrow-Mike Risk
riskmj@mcmail.cis.McMaster.CA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 20:01:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA09157; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:01:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA12205; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:08:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012194; Mon, 28 Sep 98 20:07:34 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA06514; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 23:31:04 GMT
Received: from curly.cc.utexas.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA06509; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 19:31:00 -0400
Received: from [129.116.194.7] (coral.tnhc.utexas.edu [129.116.194.7])
	by curly.cc.utexas.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5/cc-uts-1.20) with SMTP id SAA29210
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 18:26:09 -0500 (CDT)
Message-Id: <199809282326.SAA29210@curly.cc.utexas.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1998 18:29:53 -0600
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang)
Subject: Artificial reefs References
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 543
Coraleros,
Thanks to Mark Eakin for  the 1980's era references.
P apers and abstracts presented at the "Fifth Interntional Conference of
Aquatic Habitat Enhancement,"  many of which concern articifial reefs, were
published  in theBulletin of Marine Science vol 55 in 1994.  In 1989, Bull.
Mar. Sci. (vol. 44 ) published the proceedings of the fourth conference of
this association.
Judy Lang
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 20:43:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA09418; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:43:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA12888; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:50:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012873; Mon, 28 Sep 98 20:49:40 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA06911; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 00:15:49 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA06906; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 20:15:41 -0400
Received: from clivepc.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA02124; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 10:10:46 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980929095917.006d72a0@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: cwilkins@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:59:17 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Bleaching and ITMEMS
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 544
Your help please
I seek assistance from those that have observed significant coral
bleaching in the last 12 months.
<bigger>The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network </bigger>wishes to
present a brief report on the 1997 /98 bleaching episode at the
International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Management Symposium,
Townsville, 22 to 26 November 1998.
(details
<underline><color><param>0000,0000,fefe</param>http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/~icri/secretariat/itmems/
)
</color></underline>This meeting will be attended by several hundred
coral reef resource managers, scientists etc. who will discuss mechanisms
for better reef conservation as part of the ICRI (International Coral
Reef Initiative) process.  Bleaching is one topic that will surface with
questions like:  can anything be done about it?
Several people are preparing detailed analyses and papers on the current
bleaching episode - I would like to present a very brief summary for a
booklet on the status of the world's reefs based on reports that were
presented in Panama in 1996 and published in the Proceedings. The main
theme will be when bleaching commenced and a rough estimate of the extent
- maximum length of the report about 4 pages. These will be juxtaposed
alongside a plot of ENSO over the last year.
Those with information, could you please reply to c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au
. I will post the summary paper on the coral list when completed and make
a summary of the replies available on request.
Please provide:
* name and area of the report (approx Latitude and Longitude);
* when you first observed significant bleaching;
* what were sea surface temperatures (if known)?
* how extensive was bleaching at a few depths e.g. Y% of X% live coral
cover at 10 m;
* has there been resulting mortality e.g. Z% of bleached corals (or is it
too early to tell)?
* has bleaching like this been observed before?
* other major comments.
To give an example - this is the type of brief information I intend
presenting.
'Country : Phantasia.  Bleaching started 30 February 1998 and continued
to 13 March; with sea surface temperatures of 38oC over a large area
(between 135 and 140oE and 20 and 25oS).  There was bleaching of
approximately 50% of the 50% coral cover at 5 metres and 10% bleaching of
30% coral cover at 10 metres, with Acacia species most heavily affected.
Mortality appears to be about 25% of bleached corals, with most of the
others showing increasing colour. This has never been seen previously in
this area and even some of the Vombatus were bleached.'
Thank you
Clive Wilkinson
<bigger>Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE MC
QLD 4810
AUSTRALIA
Tel: +61 7 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4772 2808 or 4772 5852
</bigger>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 04:49:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA12097; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 04:49:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA19604; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 04:56:50 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019598; Tue, 29 Sep 98 04:55:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA09728; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:20:50 GMT
Received: from pansy.csv.warwick.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA09723; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 04:20:46 -0400
Received: from thunnus.warwick.ac.uk (thunnus [137.205.156.1])
	by pansy.csv.warwick.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.8) with SMTP id JAA16188
	for <coral-list%coral.aoml.noaa.gov@mail.csv.warwick.ac.uk>; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:15:54 +0100 (BST)
Received: from eamg.u-net.com (p35.nas2.is5.u-net.net) by thunnus.warwick.ac.uk; Tue, 29 Sep 98 09:26:02 BST
Message-Id: <361096F5.6ECA@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:14:45 +0100
From: sheppard <sh@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk>
Reply-To: sh@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
Mime-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Special issue of 'Biodiversity and Conservation 'on Coral Reefs
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 545
The Editor of the journal Biodiversity and Conservation (Prof Alan Bull)
has invited me to help investigate the interest in and possible scope of
a special issue of the journal on coral reefs.  The journal is
'...devoted to all aspects of biological diversity, its descriptions,
analysis and conservation, and its controlled rational use by
humankind...'
Some crisp reviews in addition to a collection of papers is intended.
If you have a paper in development which could fit the scope of this
proposed collection and this journal, please contact me as soon as
possible.  At this early stage no closely focussed theme yet exists,
other than to say that I think papers on 'other' groups (i.e. less often
considered than are corals and fishes) would be welcome too.
--
Best wishes
Charles Sheppard
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 05:26:53 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA12385; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 05:26:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA19888; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 05:33:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019883; Tue, 29 Sep 98 05:33:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA09969; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:55:34 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA09964; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 04:55:23 -0400
Received: from kupang.wasantara.net.id (kupang.wasantara.net.id [202.159.76.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id QAA23351;
	Tue, 29 Sep 1998 16:41:23 +0700 (JAVT)
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 16:41:23 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from KUPANG/SpoolDir by kupang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    29 Sep 98 16:53:50 +0800
Received: from SpoolDir by KUPANG (Mercury 1.40); 29 Sep 98 16:53:16 +0800
Received: from UKSDA (202.159.76.184) by kupang.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    29 Sep 98 16:53:06 +0800
X-Sender: uksda@kupang.wasantara.net.id (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, glilley@wwfnet.org
From: Andalusi <uksda@kupang.wasantara.net.id>
Subject: Need information
Message-ID: <1265522138F@kupang.wasantara.net.id>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 546
Dear Coral Lister,
I need your help,
I read from a book entitled "Ecology of Nusa Tenggara and Maluku" there is
an endemic coral species in Sumba. Please if someone know about this can you
give me the picture or the description about this species.
I also appreciate any other information concerning the coastal and marine
life, what you observe when you visit Nusa Tenggara TImur, either it is in
FLores, TImor, Sumba Lembata, Alor. This chain of island is definitely need
someone's touch. The last expedition perhaps the Snellius expedition and it
was way too long ago. Indonesia Scientific Institute has recently conduct a
study in Kupang Bay, we are still waiting for the result :((.
I hope that some of you could also make a study here in Nusa Tenggara Timur
concerning marine and coastal diversity. It will give us a new input to our
knowledge about our area.
Thank you very much for your input.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 06:33:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA12822; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 06:33:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA20525; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 06:40:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020520; Tue, 29 Sep 98 06:40:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA10332; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 10:01:03 GMT
Received: from mail.net4you.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA10327; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 06:00:55 -0400
Received: from nos.net4you (ACSVIL57.net4you.net [194.177.153.58] (may be forged))
	by mail.net4you.net (8.8.8/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA13279
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.>; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 11:56:01 +0200
Message-ID: <36112CFE.5D07@net4you.co.at>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 11:54:54 -0700
From: norbert schmidt <norbert.schmidt@net4you.co.at>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Win95; I; 16bit)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral bleaching
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by mail.net4you.net id LAA13279
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id GAA12822
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 547
Dear members,
 for publications I need to know extent and geographical destribution of
bleached regions. Is the Red Sea effected ? Your cooperation is important
and most appreciated.
I was for two months in Maldives. As you will be aware more than 90% of
the archipelagos corals are dead.Acroporae are gone completely with a
few exceptions,no recovering at all. Porites seem to do well and largely
get back to normal.As well anenemies are gaining colour again.
A personal note: I do not believe at all, this happened for the first
time to Maldives. When I started diving there end of 70ies, the reefs all
over looked very much same as now (=covered with algae), founding the
Maldives reputation as top fish- but poor coral-area.We thought
Acanthaster must have hit, but it looks now like an unrecognized
bleaching event.
Please infos on effected regions!
Thanking You
Norbert Schmidt
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 10:05:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA27529; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 10:03:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA07896; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 10:11:00 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007883; Mon, 28 Sep 98 10:10:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA01719; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 13:32:55 GMT
Received: from gamma.qmw.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA01714; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:32:51 -0400
Received: from alpha.qmw.ac.uk by gamma.qmw.ac.uk with SMTP-QMW with ESMTP;
          Mon, 28 Sep 1998 14:27:55 +0100
Received: from casper (dialup-port16.qmw.ac.uk [138.37.11.16])	by alpha.qmw.ac.uk (8.8.5/8.8.5)
          with SMTP id OAA28686;	Mon, 28 Sep 1998 14:27:51 +0100 (BST)
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>,
        bes-ecol-aquatic-request <bes-ecol-aquatic-request@mailbase.ac.uk>
Subject: Insecticide on a Reef
Date: Mon, 28 Sep 1998 14:23:50 +0100
Message-ID: <000001bdeae3$3b0e2360$100b258a@casper>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
Importance: Normal
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 548
Hello,
I am thinking of using an insectide to eliminate mesoherbivores from algal
biomass as part of a treatment looking at grazing rates. The planned
experiment will be conducted in situ on an algal-dominated coral reef and
away from any coral populations (>20m). The last thing I want to do is to
use an insecticide that could potentially cause damage to any other
organisms, other than those within the treatment, either by way of the
quantity of dose applied or via the longevity of the insecticide within the
water system. The planned procedure would be to squirt a minimal amount of a
suitable insecticide into a temporararily sealable bag/container
encapsulating ~20g of macroalgae of approximately 1.5L capacity for a period
of about 20 minutes before removal from the bag/container.
Perhaps I could have some 'positive' feedback as to what types of
insecticide could be applicable (as well as dose), and also to the general
procedure and morality of such an experiment.
Please reply directly to myself at c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk and I will endeavour
to post a detailed reply at a later date.
Thank you.
Cassian Edwards
School of Biological Sciences
Queen Mary and Westfield College
University of London
Mile End Road
London
E1 4NS
ENGLAND
Tel: +44 (0)171 975 5555 ext. 4121
Fax: +44 (0)181 983 0973
Email: c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 28 10:18:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA27806; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 10:17:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA08535; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 10:24:11 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008520; Mon, 28 Sep 98 10:24:03 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA01680; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 13:29:16 GMT
Received: from mail.tol.it by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA01675; Mon, 28 Sep 1998 09:29:10 -0400
Received: from server.york.ac.uk (a-mi44-60.tin.it [212.216.20.251])
          by mail.tol.it (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA16184 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 24 Sep 1998 22:30:56 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-ID: <360AB7A8.5491@tin.it>
Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 22:25:02 +0100
From: Nicola Marchesi <jonima@tin.it>
Reply-To: jonima@tin.it
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Ship Groundings on Coral Reefs
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 549
Dear All,
I'm currently trying to collect all possible information on the
ecological, social, economic and legal implications of ship groundings
on coral reefs. I would be gratefull to anybody who could provide me
with usefull sources of information or with the contact details of
someone who is involved in research activities on the subject. Also,
where can I find some statistics on the occurrance of ship groundings
throughout the world ?
Please send all replies to my personal e-mail address and I'll post a
resume of the information I received on the coral-list in due course.
Thank you in advance for all the help you will be able to give me.
Best Regards to all,
--
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
  NICOLA MARCHESI (Mr.)
  Marine Environmental Scientist
  VIA BORGOGNA 7
  20122 MILANO, ITALIA
  home tel & fax +39 02 795855
  mobile tel +39 335 6633182
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 08:53:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA14563; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:53:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA24411; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 09:00:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024366; Tue, 29 Sep 98 08:59:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA11330; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 12:15:03 GMT
Received: from nsu.acast.nova.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA11325; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:15:00 -0400
Received: from reef.ocean.nova.edu (reef.ocean.nova.edu [137.52.16.29])
	by nsu.acast.nova.edu (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id IAA17349;
	Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:09:59 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.4.32.19980929081419.00774d20@ocean.nova.edu>
X-Sender: dodge@ocean.nova.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Plus Version 3.0.4 (32) with Spelling Checker
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 08:14:19 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Richard E. Dodge" <dodge@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
Subject: Conference Notice: CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND
  RESTORATION, April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 550
Dear Coral Listers,
Here is an announcement and call for papers for what we feel will be a very
interesting April 14-16, 1999 Conference. Please check the indicated web
site or write for more info.
**************************************************************************
ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS:
International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
14-16 April 1999 Ft. Lauderdale, FL USA
Organized by the National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
Purpose: To develop a scientific synthesis of assessment, monitoring, and
restoration designed for enhanced understanding and management of all
aspects of coral reefs. This conference seeks to also identify emerging
concepts and to describe new and innovative scientific and technological
approaches.
Format: The conference will include invited keynote and plenary talks,
contributed papers in three concurrent sessions, a poster session, and
workshops.
Abstracts:  Abstract submission information is available on the web or will
be mailed upon request. A special peer-reviewed publication of Plenary
Talks and selected Contributed Papers is planned.
Registration: Early registration fees apply before 1 January 1999. There is
a significant student discount. Registration includes the Conference
program of invited Keynote, Plenary Talks, Contributed Papers, Poster
Session, Abstract Book, opening reception, closing banquet, poster
reception, continental breakfast and break refreshments for each of the
three days.
Venue: The Radisson Bahia Mar Beach Resort is located in the heart of Ft.
Lauderdale, Florida. Special conference rates are available.
For more information on the conference and for registration please check
the web at:
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
or contact:
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.
Dania, FL 33004 USA
ncriconfinfo@mako.ocean.nova.edu
PHONE: 954-920-1909
Fax: 954-921-7764
**************************************************************************
Thanks,
Dick Dodge
Richard E. Dodge, Ph.D.
Dean, Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
NSU OC web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/
NOTICE: International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 12:46:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA20486; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 12:46:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA03394; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 12:53:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003297; Tue, 29 Sep 98 12:52:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA12704; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 15:21:34 GMT
Received: from u3.farm.idt.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA12699; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 11:21:29 -0400
Received: from oemcomputer (ppp-59.ts-1.nyc.idt.net [169.132.96.59])
	by u3.farm.idt.net (8.8.8/8.8.5) with SMTP id LAA00851
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 11:21:14 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <3610EC24.190C@idt.net>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 10:18:12 -0400
From: "Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D." <dthoney@idt.net>
Reply-To: dthoney@idt.net
Organization: NY Aquarium
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-IDT-v5  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Coral list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Post doc working with sea horses
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------A38377F1EFA"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 551
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------A38377F1EFA
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
I have been asked to forward avertisements for two post docs.  Please
forward your resumes to Jeff Boehem at JBoehm@sheddaquarium.org
--
Dennis A. Thoney, Ph.D.
General Curator
New York Aquarium
Wildlife Conservation Society
Boardwalk and West 8th St.
Brooklyn, NY 11224
www.wcs.org
--------------A38377F1EFA
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="PS -job descriptions.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="PS -job descriptions.txt"
                    POSITION DESCRIPTION
                       COLLABORATION
   PROJECT SEAHORSE INTERNATIONAL/JOHN G. SHEDD AQUARIUM
  TITLE:              Aquarium Research Coordinator
                 Project Seahorse International / John G. Shedd Aquarium
  DEPARTMENT:    Conservation, Shedd Aquarium
  REPORTS TO:    VP Research and Veterinary Services (Shedd)
                 With additional supervision from:
                    Dr. Heather Hall (PSI, Zoological Society of London)
                    Dr. Amanda Vincent (PSI, McGill University)
                    and the Director of Conservation (Shedd)
  The primary responsibility of this team member will be to develop and co-ordinate research on syngnathid husbandry, management and conservation in public aquaria and
  among skilled hobbyists.  S/he will draw on the outputs from -  an international aquarium workshop on seahorse husbandry, conservation and management at JGSA.
  Approx    Duties and Responsibilities
  % time
  20      1.   Coordinate and prompt research action among involved institutions *
  20      2.   Design experimental protocols, organize data gathering, and guide       analysis
  15      3.   Design and maintain databases
  15      4.   Write reports, papers, briefing documents and articles
  15      5.   Liaise with professionals and colleagues representing complementary
                          disciplines (e.g., pathologists, nutritionists, culturists) *
  10      6.   Respond to public inquiries
  5       7.   Perform other duties as assigned.
          * includes participating in professional fora (e.g., annual AZA         meetings), presenting papers, leading discussion groups, etc.
  Position Specifications:
     1.     Education: PhD (or equivalent experience) in a relevant biological science (e.g. aquatic biology, aquaculture, conservation biology).
     2.     Relevant Work Experience: Experience working in the husbandry of aquatic species, field conservation relevant to the care and husbandry of aquatic species and/or
     experience in an aquarium or zoological park setting is essential. Experience in the management of scientific research databases is essential. Experience in the
     coordination of research scientists preferred.  Experience working in developing countries an asset.
     3.     Special Knowledge and Skills: Experimental design and statistical analysis; database management; familiarity with issues in aquatic conservation; previous knowledge of
     syngnathid husbandry and biology preferred though not required; foreign language skills an asset.
     4.     Personal Characteristics: The ideal candidate will be highly independent with strong written and oral communication skills.  S/he will need to network with a wide range
     of colleagues internationally, and will be responsible to both PSI and the Shedd Aquarium. This position will require strong interpersonal skills, effective time
     management and a great deal of flexibility.
     5.     Location andTravel: This position is based in Chicago, USA with extensive national and international travel.
    One of several positions supporting the collaboration between Project Seahorse International and the John G. Shedd Aquarium. In the initial phases, one of these positions
  will be based at the Shedd Aquarium and the others will be based at McGill University in Montreal.
  Date position description finalised: August 18, 1998
                    POSITION DESCRIPTION
                       COLLABORATION
   PROJECT SEAHORSE INTERNATIONAL/JOHN G. SHEDD AQUARIUM
  TITLE:              Special Activity Co-ordinator
                 Project Seahorse International / John G. Shedd Aquarium
  DEPARTMENT:    PSI, McGill University
  REPORTS TO:    Dr. Amanda Vincent (PSI, McGill University)
                 With additional supervision from:
                    VP Research and Veterinary Services (Shedd)
                    Dr. Heather Hall (PSI, Zoological Society of London)
                    and the Director of Conservation (Shedd)
  The primary responsibility of this team member will be to develop and implement special activities to support syngnathid conservation and management, in consultation with
  PSI teams and in collaboration with JGSA personnel and external partners.  These projects will be wide ranging,  from educational materials and livelihood development to
  policy briefings.  First priority will be joint initiatives with the JGSA, but the person will also support other PSI activities.
  The person will, in consultation with supervisors and institutions:
  (a) develop proposals for special projects;
  (b) obtain grants to support special PSI projects;
  (c) co-ordinate agreed activities, liaising among participants and stakeholders, and finding supporting expertise where necessary;
  (d) provide PSI technical input to agreed activities, undertaking or facilitating biological or management research and analysis;
  (e) write reports, papers, briefing documents and articles to support PSI initiatives, including those led by other team members;
  (f) manage resource databases for PSI;
  (g) develop and maintain web sites for PSI-related activities; and
  (h) perform other duties as assigned.
  Examples of projects to be undertaken by the special activity co-ordinator might be:
   publications (e.g. middle reader book, adult coffee table book)
   educational support (e.g. teachers' pack, scholarship modules, environmental studies map)
   legislative analysis, policy briefings
   international activities in support of alternative livelihood ventures in the Philippines
   web site development, information resource management
   technical support (e.g. field guide revision)
  Approx    Duties and Responsibilities
  % time
  25      1.   Provide PSI technical input to agreed activities, undertaking or        facilitating biological or management research and
  analysis.
  20      2.   Coordinate agreed activities, liaising among participants and           stakeholders, and finding supporting expertise where necessary.
  15      3.   Write reports, papers, briefing documents and articles
  10      4.   Develop proposals for special projects, in consultation with supervisors          and institutions.
  10      5.     Obtain grants to support special PSI projects, in consultation with JGSA
  10      6.   Manage resource databases for PSI
  5       7.    Develop and maintain web sites for PSI-related activities
  5       8.   Perform other duties as assigned.
  Position Specifications:
     1.     Education: The applicant must possess a PhD (or equivalent experience) in a relevant biological science (e.g. aquatic biology, aquaculture, conservation biology).
     2.     Relevant Work Experience: Experience in conservation-related research and management required.  Experience in environmental education, web site design, public
     relations, publishing, and policy development would all be assets.  Project leadership skill and experience working in developing countries preferred.
     3.     Special Knowledge and Skills: Strong written and oral communication skills are essential.  The following would be desirable: teaching experience, familiarity with issues
     in aquatic conservation, good computer skills, artistic and statistical abilities, previous knowledge of syngnathid biology, foreign language skills.  French would be an
     asset in Montreal, a bilingual city.
     4.     Personal Characteristics: The ideal candidate will be highly independent.  S/he will need to network with a wide range of colleagues internationally, and will be
     responsible to both PSI and the Shedd Aquarium.  This position will require strong interpersonal skills, effective time management and a great deal of flexibility.
     5. Location and Travel: This position is based in Montreal, Canada with frequent visits to Chicago, USA and other extended international travel.
     6. Citizenship.  "In accordance with Canadian immigration policy, this advertisement is directed first at Canadian citizens."  **AV to check exact wording required.
    One of several positions supporting the collaboration between Project Seahorse International and the John G. Shedd Aquarium. In the initial phases, one of these positions
  will be based at the Shedd Aquarium and the others will be based at McGill University in Montreal.
  Date position description finalised: August 18, 1998
--------------A38377F1EFA--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 29 22:25:49 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA28748; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 22:25:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA28357; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 22:32:53 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028351; Tue, 29 Sep 98 22:32:04 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA16542; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 01:39:15 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA16535; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 21:39:11 -0400
From: holtzd%fkeys@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Tue, 29 Sep 1998 21:39:50 -0500
Message-ID: <C679113601B9F6D0@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Tue, 29 Sep 1998 20:50:03 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Keys Reefs After George
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 552
A group of experienced divers and snorkelers will be looking Thursday at
initial post-hurricane conditions along the shallow reef tops off Boca
Chica and Key West and reporting their anecdotal findings. Our goal is
simply to scope out how things appear and perhaps identify questions that
need to be answered based on our observations. Any suggestions from the
scientific community and others on how best to accomplish this limited
inquiry would be appreciated. Also, any requests or thoughts from
researchers who have a particular interest in the Western Sambos
Ecological Reserve and the Sand Key, Rock Key and Eastern Dry Rocks
Sanctuary Protected Areas are welcome. Thank you.
*************************************************************************
David Holtz
Center for Marine Conservation
Florida Keys Office
513 Fleming Street  Suite 14
Key West, FL  33040
305-295-3370
305-295-3371 (fax)
dholtz@cenmarine.com
fkeysman@aol.com (home)
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 30 02:33:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA29862; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 02:33:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA01227; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 02:40:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001219; Wed, 30 Sep 98 02:40:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA18084; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 05:56:24 GMT
Received: from aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov.> id BAA18076; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 01:56:16 -0400
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au by aims.gov.au (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id PAA25382; Wed, 30 Sep 1998 15:56:05 +1000
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19980930154734.0076b108@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Wed, 30 Sep 1998 15:47:34 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Good Indonesia news
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 553
In spite of these horror stories from other areas in Indonesia, I have a
bit of good news (relative).  We are working in several communities in
North Sulawesi and there has been no noticible increase in bomb fishing in
this area.  Bomb fishing is occuring here (and we have educational
campaigns underway to help reduce and hopefully/ultimately to stop it), but
it is occuring at about the same rate as a year ago.  North Sulawesi ,
economically, is doing quite well as the rupiah devaluation has meant that
exports here of copra, cloves, vanilla, nutmeg, seawed make farming
attractive and may actually be reducing fishing pressure a bit as people
move to farming export crops rather than fishing.  However, we have not yet
noticed changes in fishing effort yet either as fish prices have also
increased (the increase in prices of farm versus fish produce is kind of a
wash with each other).  In fact, in a recent survey we conducted in June
1998, more than half the respondents in 4 villages surveyed on the Maluku
sea coast said they were better off or the same compared to a year ago!!!!
The local joke going around here is that there is no resesi (recesion) only
resepsi (receptions).  People in Manado are starting to have trouble
finding maids as farming has become more lucrative recently.
Brian Crawford
Technical Advisor
Proyek Pesisir (Coastal Resources Management Project - Indonesia)
URI Coastal Resources Center
Manado Field Office
Jalan Wolter Mongisidi No. 5
Kleak, Ling.  I Rt. 01/19
Manado, Sulawesi Utara  95115
Indonesia
Tel: (62-431) 841-671 or 841-672
Fax: (62-431) 841-673
email: crawford@manado.wasantara.net.id
CRC WWW site:   http://crc.uri.edu
(forwarded by Doug Fenner)
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
web: http://www.aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  1 13:51:06 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA19108; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 13:51:04 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA11391; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 13:58:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011333; Thu, 1 Oct 98 13:57:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA02917; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 17:00:34 GMT
Received: from sme.com.univ-mrs.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA02912; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 13:00:30 -0400
Received: from smemac16.com.univ-mrs.fr by sme.com.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP
	(1.38.193.4/16.2) id AA20209; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 19:00:06 +0200
X-Sender: thomassi@sme.com.univ-mrs.fr
Message-Id: <v01510100b239640c1f28@[139.124.16.46]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.1
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1998 19:00:32 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN)
Subject: Impact of iron hydroxyde on coral reef organisms
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 554
Dear,
Working now on the possible effects upon coral reef organisms (benthic, plaktonic or fishes) of  Fe (iron) hydroxyde outputs from a desalt plant unit I would like receiving our observations or comments.
For example, in the area of Marseilles seawage output (W. Mediterranean sea), Fe hydroxydes induce a bioaccumulation of Fe cristals  in the stomach and the  axial gland of the local common seaurchin  Paracentrotus lividus.
What is know in the tropical coral reef environments upon marine organisms ?
Thanks for your help. Please send answer to my mail-address.
Cheers.
Bernard A. Thomassin
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  1 13:55:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA19257; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 13:55:06 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA11682; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 14:02:15 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011670; Thu, 1 Oct 98 14:02:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA02694; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 16:34:03 GMT
Message-Id: <199810011634.QAA02694@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1998 12:29:47 -0400 (EDT)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Zooxanthellae photomicrographs
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 555
Ladies & Gentlemen,
	I am happy to announce that Scott Santos of the State University
of New York at Buffalo has graciously donated some of his photomicrographs
of zooxanthellae for our Web site.  If you ever been curious about what
these organisms look like, here's you chance.  Please click on the
"Themes"  (under Documents) or "Bulletins"  section of the CHAMP Home Page
at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov
	Cheers,
	JCH
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  1 16:27:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA22648; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 16:27:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA19769; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 16:34:24 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019758; Thu, 1 Oct 98 16:34:10 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA04228; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 19:28:20 GMT
Received: from merlin.rtpnc.epa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04223; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 15:28:14 -0400
Received: from DCSMTP.WICTOK7.EPA.GOV by epamail.epa.gov (PMDF V5.1-10 #26439)
 with SMTP id <0F0500ON8WJ7JW@epamail.epa.gov> for
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Thu,  1 Oct 1998 14:54:45 -0400 (EDT)
Received: from DCWIC01-Message_Server by DCSMTP.WICTOK7.EPA.GOV with
 Novell_GroupWise; Thu, 01 Oct 1998 14:52:52 -0400
Date: Thu, 01 Oct 1998 14:52:17 -0400
From: KENNARD POTTS <POTTS.KENNARD@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV>
Subject: biological criteria for coral reefs
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-id: <s6139744.011@DCSMTP.WICTOK7.EPA.GOV>
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 4.1
Content-type: text/plain
Content-disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 556
I would like to announce the availability of a paper
which considers the development of biological
criteria for the assessment of coral reef
ecosystems.
This paper was developed by Coral Seas Inc. for
the US Environmental Protection Agency and is
entitled "Development of Biological Criteria for
Coral Reef Ecosystem Assessment".
This paper is a follow-up to "A coral Reef
Symposium on Practical, Reliable, Low Cost
Monitoring Methods for Assessing the Biota and
Habitat of Coral Reefs".
Both the biocriteria document as well as the
symposium document can be viewed at the EPA
Coral Reef Homepage at:
www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral
Paper copies will be available by contacting me
directly at:
potts.kennard@epa.gov
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  1 19:14:07 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA24566; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 19:14:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA26444; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 19:21:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026406; Thu, 1 Oct 98 19:20:36 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA06322; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 22:41:20 GMT
Received: from hil-img-5.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA06313; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 18:41:15 -0400
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by hil-img-5.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.14) id SAA18551
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Thu, 1 Oct 1998 18:40:57 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1998 18:40:03 -0400
From: Harry McCarty <McCarty_and_Peters@compuserve.com>
Subject: Coral Disease Page Update
To: Coral Reef List Server <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199810011840_MC2-5B56-B076@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id TAA24566
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 557
Dear Coral Listers,
Just a short note to advise you that the Coral Disease Page (R) has been
updated again.  The latest update includes new information on red-band
disease in sea fans, and tumors and other skeletal anomalies, as well as
updated information and photographs regarding rapid wasting.  The updates
have been incorporated to the site at:
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mccarty_and_peters/coraldis.htm
We have also updated the off-line version of the page, which is designed as
an aid to field researchers and once downloaded, does not require access to
the web.  For those of you who have already sat through downloading the
original off-line version, we are pleased to announce
that the updated information is available as a separate, smaller, download
(about 450 Kb).
We are grateful to those who have offered suggestions and advice and to
those who contributed new materials.
We _do_ have one favor to ask.  The on-line page is quite popular,
generating over 1700 "hits" in less than six months.  However, we do not
have a means to track how many folks have actually downloaded the off-line
version.  Given the time that it takes to modify and update both versions
and the fact that it almost doubles the server space required, we need to
establish the level of interest in the off-line version.  So, if you have
downloaded the off-line version and find it useful, please let us know.
There's no registration fee, we would just like to know if its worth the
effort to keep both versions alive and current.
You may reach us at:
mccarty_and_peters@compuserve.com
or through the e-mail link on the Coral Disease Page.
Thanks again for your support.  We are planning further updates in the
months to come.
Harry McCarty and Esther Peters
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct  2 02:07:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA26035; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 02:07:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA02763; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 02:14:39 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002756; Fri, 2 Oct 98 02:14:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA08875; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 05:38:47 GMT
Received: from mail.biu.ac.il by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA08870; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 01:38:41 -0400
Received: from popeye.cc.biu.ac.il by mail.biu.ac.il (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA15538; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 07:38:06 +0200
Received: from localhost (zakaid@localhost) by popeye.cc.biu.ac.il (980427.SGI.8.8.8/970903.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id HAA21399 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 07:38:31 +0200 (IST)
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1998 07:38:31 +0200 (IST)
From: Zakai David <zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: FLOATING HOTELS
Message-Id: <Pine.SGI.3.96-heb-2.07.981002073706.20713A-100000@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 558
Dear Coral List members
Has any one have any experience with the impacts to the tropical marine
environment, caused  by FLOATING HOTELS, during construction and during
day-to-day operation. We are facing a giant, 2000 rooms project, of
FLOATING HOTEL in tip of the Gulf of Aqaba northern Red Sea.
Any information will be highly appreciated, please reply to
zakaid@rocketmail.com
Sincerely,
David Zakai.
===============================================================================
   David Zakai,
   Red Sea marine biologist                Department of Life Science
   Nature Reserves Authority of Israel     Bar-Ilan University
   Eilat district, P.O.Box 667             Ramat-Gan
   Israel, 88105                           Israel, 52100
   Ph:+972-7-6373988                       +972-7-6360117
   Fax:+972-7-6375047                      +972-7-6375329
   Home:+972-7-6330373
      Email: zakaid@popeye.cc.biu.ac.il OR zakaid@rocketmail.comx
===============================================================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct  2 07:50:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA27918; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 07:50:19 -0400 (EDT)
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA08580; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 07:57:28 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008565; Fri, 2 Oct 98 07:56:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA11124; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 11:13:26 GMT
Message-Id: <199810021113.LAA11124@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 2 Oct 1998 00:22:15 EDT
To: armono@engr.mun.ca, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Re:  Re: Artificial reefs References
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 559
I forgot to mention - there is a secondary reference called, I believe,
"Artificial Substrates" which I saw at the library while researching the other
week - the author was Cairns - I can only assume it is Stephen Cairns, but I
can't swear to it - I picked it up and flipped through it simply out of
curiosity and it seemed like a good source for what you are looking for.
good luck
Eric Borneman
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct  2 23:00:26 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA12835; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 23:00:25 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA12740; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 23:07:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012733; Fri, 2 Oct 98 23:07:14 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA17207; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 02:04:36 GMT
Received: from wgs1.btl.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA17202; Fri, 2 Oct 1998 22:04:29 -0400
Received: from port129.btl.net ([206.27.238.129]) by wgs1.btl.net
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.5)  with SMTP id AAB1FAA;
          Thu, 1 Oct 1998 17:36:55 -0600
Comments: Authenticated sender is <seasprtsbz@wgs1.btl.net>
From: "dixon@wgs1.btl.net" <seasprtsbz@btl.net>
Organization: Seasports Belize
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Thu, 1 Oct 1998 17:47:01 +0000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Subject: Sponge Bleaching in Belize
Reply-to: seasprtsbz@btl.net
CC: maggie watson <iclarm@caribsurf.com>
Priority: normal
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.53/R1)
Message-ID: <7718969BE44.AAB1FAA@wgs1.btl.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 560
Greetings from Belize:
As a result of increased water temperatures and solar radiation,
corals of the Orders Milliporina and Scleractinia have been reported
to have been experiencing varying degrees of bleaching throughout
their range.  In Belize, the corals are also bleaching again, as has
been announced.
However, no mention has been made of the effect of increased
temperature and radiation on other invertebrates that harbor
endosymbionts.  In fact, along the barrier reef and reef around
Lighthouse Atoll in Belize from 10-20 meters depth, a Poriferan,
Xestospongia muta,  has also been "bleaching."  The bleaching was
noticed shortly after plate Agaracia began bleaching in late
August.  In some cases, the first sign of bleaching is hidden by a
thin layer of sediment.  When the sediment is fanned away, white
spots become noticeable in the pinacoderm.  While the touch of a
healthy specimen can be comparable to a red clay brick, the white
spots of a diseased sponge are soft to the touch.  At the present
time, where the white spots first appeared,  they have now begun to
enlarge and holes are beginning to develop where the mesohyl has
completely deteriorated and if fanned, resembles white pillow foam.
In Belize during the bleaching event of 1995, the bleaching of
Xestospongia muta was also observed.  Some specimens survived the
bleaching, but others completely deteriorated.  At the onset of
sponge bleaching in 1998 in Belize, only a few individuals were
observed with white spots. However, as temperatures have remained
high during September, the number of individuals affected is
increasing.  Present observations will rarely locate a completely
healthy specimen.
Literature located via the Net on sponge bleaching included only 2
reports found within CHAMP's web site.  In 1990 Vicente identified
sponges and their endosymbionts in Puerto Rico during the 1987
bleaching event.  The abstract concluded that "only a few individuals
within any given population became bleached."
An updated version (1995) of Pecheux's internal report titled "Review
on Coral Reef Bleaching" describes a red-colored
phycoerythrin-bearing cyanobacteria, Aphanocapsa, that lives
intracellularly in specialized cyanocytes and also the mesohyl of
Xestospongia muta.  It also went on to say that bleaching in sponges
appears uncommon and that Vicente had reported a frequency of 10-30%
of bleached Xestospongia muta at 4-15 meters depth.
If temperatures and radiation remains high, individuals of
Xestospongia muta may succumb as did some in the 1995 bleaching
event.
Has any one else observed bleaching of Xestospongia muta in its
range during the 1998 bleaching event, or does anyone know of  more
recently published reports that describe this phenomenon?
Linda Wetrhus
SYMBIOS/ECO
PO Box 1234
Belize City, Belize
TEL: (501) 2-35505
FAX: (501) 2-75213
Email: seasprtsbz@btl.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct  3 05:57:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA13841; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 05:57:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA17733; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 06:04:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017728; Sat, 3 Oct 98 06:03:49 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA19496; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 09:29:18 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA19491; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 05:29:13 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1260 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626615-21863>; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 17:27:56 +0800
Message-ID: <3615EE39.C9E3A597@ust.hk>
Date: 	Sat, 03 Oct 1998 17:28:25 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: New Publication -- Corals and Coral Reef Fishes of Kuwait
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 561
The Corals and Coral Reef Fishes of Kuwait a 166 page full-color book by
Kent Carpenter, Peter Harrison, Gregor Hodgson, Adel Alsaffar and Shaker
Alhazeem and with photos by Jack Randall, was recently published by the
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, and the Environment Public
Authority.
Bonifide coral reef scientists can obtain a free copy by sending an
email to Dr. Sulaiman Al-Mattar at KISR <smattar@kisr.edu.kw> explaining
why it is important for them to have access to this book.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct  3 22:13:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA17196; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 22:13:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA29698; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 22:21:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029690; Sat, 3 Oct 98 22:20:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA24935; Sun, 4 Oct 1998 00:43:17 GMT
Received: from mail.tol.it by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA24930; Sat, 3 Oct 1998 20:43:12 -0400
Received: from server.york.ac.uk (a-mi17-27.tin.it [212.216.3.26])
          by mail.tol.it (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA27116 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 24 Sep 1998 10:23:13 +0200 (MET DST)
Message-ID: <360A0E24.2DD8@tin.it>
Date: Thu, 24 Sep 1998 10:17:24 +0100
From: Nicola Marchesi <jonima@tin.it>
Reply-To: jonima@tin.it
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Ship Groundings on Coral Reefs
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 562
Dear All,
I'm currently trying to collect all possible information on the
ecological, social, economic and legal implications of ship groundings
on coral reefs. I would be gratefull to anybody who could provide me
with usefull sources of information or with the contact details of
someone who is involved in research activities on the subject. Also,
where can I find some statistics on the occurrance of ship groundings
throughout the world ?
Please send all replies to my personal e-mail address and I'll post a
resume of the information I received on the coral-list in due course.
Thank you in advance for all the help you will be able to give me.
Best Regards to all,
--
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
  NICOLA MARCHESI (Mr.)
  Marine Environmental Scientist
  VIA BORGOGNA 7
  20122 MILANO, ITALIA
  home tel & fax +39 02 795855
  mobile tel +39 335 6633182
::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct  5 22:50:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA07311; Mon, 5 Oct 1998 22:50:00 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA28219; Mon, 5 Oct 1998 22:57:14 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028212; Mon, 5 Oct 98 22:56:50 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA12255; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 01:21:54 GMT
Received: from gate.sinica.edu.tw by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA12250; Mon, 5 Oct 1998 21:21:39 -0400
Received: from [140.109.48.206] ([140.109.48.206])
	by gate.sinica.edu.tw (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id JAA07778
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 09:20:50 +0800 (CST)
X-Sender: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
Message-Id: <v03007800b23f1c9cdb93@[140.109.48.206]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1998 09:29:43 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Allen C. Chen" <cac@sinica.edu.tw>
Subject: PSA-Intercongress programme update
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 563
Dear coral-listers,
I would like to take the chance to update the final programme of the
symposium,  "Ecology and Conservation of the Coral Reef in the Pacific",
Pacific Science Association Intercongress,  15-19 Nov., Academia Sinica,
Taipei, Taiwan.  This programme, as I believe, should be the last version,
though minor change will be added. To those who are still interested in
coming this symposium, I would like to encourage you to present in the
poster section. Please contact Miss Flora Pu (florapu@gate. sinica.edu.tw)
for the late registration. If you have any inquring regarding to the
scientific programme, please do not hesitate to send me an e-mail.
Pacific Science Association Intercongress, 15-19 Nov., Institute of
Zoology, Academia Sinica,Taipei
	and
The 6th Taiwan Coral Reef Society Annual Meeting
Date/Time	Speaker/ Title
15 Nov. 1998, Sunday
	                   Invited speakers arrivial
16 Nov. 1998, Monday
8:30am	                   PSA registration
9:00-9:45am	Open ceremony of PSA in the Activity Centre Hall
10:00-11:00am	Plenary speech of PSA (I/II)
11:00-5:30pm	City tour to the National Palace Museum/ Northern Coast
19:00-21:30pm	Reception party in the Activity Centre (host by Academia
Sinica)
17 Nov. 1998, Tuesday
9:00-11:00am	Plenary speech of PSA (III/IV)
(*posters will be exhibited from the 9:00am in the Institute of Zoology)
11:00-11:10am	Open ceremony of Symposium of Ecology and Conservation of
Coral Reef in the Pacific
	                   (This will be held in the auditorium of
Institute of Zoology)
11:10-12:10pm	Plenary speech/ Jeremy Jackson**
	                   (To be announced)
12:10-13:30pm	Lunch and poster session
Session I	Coral Reef Ecology/Conservation/Management
13:30-14:00pm	Terrence Hughes**
	                   Large-scale processes on coral reefs
14:00-14:30pm	Terry Done**
	                   Performance indices for management of coral reef
ecosystems
14:30-15:00pm	Edgardo Gomez**
	                  Coral Reef conservation in a developiong country:
after 20 years, has the philippines made progress?
15:00-15:30pm	Richard Grigg**
	                   Holocence coral reef accretion in Hawaii: a
function of wave exposure and sea level history
15:30-15:45pm	Denise McCorry
	                  Classification of Hong Kong's coral communities
using quantitative underwater video
                                     sampling and its scope from management
applications in the South China Sea
15:45-16:00pm	Tea/ Coffee break
Session II	Environmental challenges and coral-algal symbiosis
16:00-16:30pm	Robert Rowan**
	                   How do coral-algal symbioses cope with
environmental challenges?
16:30-17:00pm	Anglea Douglas**
	                   Zooxanthellae in corals: does molecular
diversity matter?
17:00-17:15pm	Jih-Terng Wang and Anglea Douglas**
	                  The role of endosymbiotic algae, Symbiodinium sp.
on nitrogen metabolism of the
                                     cnidarian host: nitrogen recycling or
nitrogen conservation
17:15-17:30pm	E. A. Titlyanov and T. V. Titlyanova
	                   Coral bleaching or degradation of zooxanthellae
is a normal physiological process
                                      in symbiotic organism
17:30-17:45pm	Chaolun Allen Chen# and Lee-Shing Fang#
	                   Does thermal adapation occur in the
cnidarian-zooxanthellae symbiosis?
                                     A molecular ecology approach
17:45-18:00pm	Jr-Kai Yu, Lee-Shing Fang and Chaolun Allen Chen
	                  Zooxanthellae polymorphism with Taiwanese
Pocillopora damicornis revealed
                                     by PCR-RFLP and DNA sequences of
SSrDNA
18:30-21:30pm	Banquet (host by the Fin Sealife Taipei)
18 Nov. 1998, Wensday
9:00-11:00pm	Plenary speech of PSA (V/VI)
11:10-12:10pm	Plenary speech/Chuck Birkeland**
	                   Why some reefs recover and others do not?
12:10-13:30pm	Lunch and poster session
Session III	Ecology of Coral Reef Fishes
13:30-14:00pm	Howard Choat**
	                   Herbivory by fishes on coral reefs: does it
occur, and is important and if it doesn't?
14:00-14:15pm	Jeng-Ping Chen and Kwang-Tsao Shao#
	                   Spawning hour difference as one reproductive
isolation factor among several
                                      species Apogon cookii complex
14:15-14:30pm	Rong-Quen Jan#
	                   Inter-oceanic comparisons of nest-size of the
dameslfishes, Abudefduf saxatilis complex
14:30-14:45pm	Lishu Chen#
	                   Ontogenetic morphometric changes for juvenile
scarids, Chlorurus sordidus and Scarus schlegeli
14:45-15:00pm	Tea/ Coffee break
Session IV	Evolution and ecology of corals and reef-associated
organisms (I)
15:00-15:30pm	Bette Willis**
	                   New perspectives on hybrids and species borders
in the coral genus Acropora
15:30-15:45pm	Tung-Yung Fan and Chang-Feng Dai#
	                   Reproductive ecology in transplanted and native
population of the scleractinian coral
                                      Echinopora lamellosa in northern and
southern Taiwan
16:15-16:30pm	Chang-Feng Dai, Tung-Yung Fan, Jr-Kai Yu and Sin-Che Lee
	                   Reproductive isolation and genetic variation of
a scleractinian coral, Mycedium elephantotus
16:30-16:45pm	Keryea Soong#, Hon-Ming Fan and Chaolun Allen Chen
	                   Coral recruitment study at Nanwan, South Taiwan
16:45-17:00pm	Jiang-Shiou Hwang and Rudi Strickler
	                   In situ observations of the physical-biological
interactions between
                                      polyps and suspended particles
17:00-17:15pm	Wen-Hung Twan, Ching-Fong Chang, Jiang-Shiou Hwang
	                   Estradiol-17B and testosterone in scleractinian
corals
18:00-21:30pm	PSA closing Banquet (PSA invited speakers only, host by
Academia Sinica)
19 Nov. 1998, Thursday
8:30-9:00am	Registration of Taiwanese Coral Reef Society (TCRS)
	                   Election new committee members
Session V	Evolution and ecology of corals and reef-associated
organisms (II)
9:00-10:00am	Plenary speech/ Charlie Veron**
	                   Reticulate evolution: the alternative paradigm
10:-10:15am	Tea/ Coffee break
10:15-10:45am	Yehuda Benayahu** and Chang-Feng Dai
	                   Soft corals (Octocorallia) from Taiwan
10:45-11:15am	Ming-Shu Jeng#
	                   Reef-building soft coral, Sinularia
11:15-11:30am	Tin-Yam Chan#
	                   The reef lobsters of Taiwan and the Pacific
11:30-11:45am	Hsin-Ju Lin
	                   Spatial changes in the abundance and growth of
intertidal Thalassia hemprichii
                                      seagrass beds in southern Taiwan
11:45-12:30pm	Closing Remark/ Fu-Shiang Chia**
	                  Coral reef conservation: from interlectural
discourse to social movement
	                  Symposium closed
12:15-14:00pm	Banquet (TCRS committees, speakers and all participants
include TCRS members;
                                                     host by Inst. Zool.
Academia Sinica)
14:00-14:30pm	TCRS General Assembly
14:30-15:30pm	TCRS new-elected committee meeting (elect new president)
17:00pm	                   Overseas invited speakers fly to Kaohsiung and
transfer to Kenting National Park
20:00pm	                   arrive at the Kenting National Park
20 Nov. 1998, Friday
8:30am	                   Diving/ free tour in the National Park
14:30-16:30am	Round table disscussion for coral reef conservation of
Taiwan
	                   Stay at Kenting National Park
21 Nov. 1998, Saturday
	                   Departure for Taipei/abroad or stay in Taipei or
Kaohsiung for more days
Poster Section	Authors/ Title
S-II-3-1-1	Z.-H. Liao, J.-K. Yu and C. A. Chen
	Doese zooxanthellae diversity correlate with coral colour patterns?
A case study in Pocillopora damicornis
S-II-3-1-2	M.S. Goodson, A. M. Savage and A. E. Douglas
	Molecular diversity of zooxanthellae on a high-latitude coral reef
S-II-3-1-3	S.-J. Rau, K.-T. Shao and C. A. Chen
	Subrepeat variation of mitochondrial control region in Dascyllas
trimaculatus: implication for
                   population interdependence of the South China Sea
S-II-3-1-4	J. Chen and K. Soong
	Why are there always two notices before a symposium? how do the
marine widges synchornize their emergence?
S-II-3-1-5	P.-S. Lee and K. Soong
	Study of eutrophication in coral reef
S-II-3-1-6	L.-C. Tseng and J.-S. Hwang
	Effects of terrestrial and marine sediments on the activity of a
gorgonian, Subergorgia suberosa
S-II-3-1-7	W. S. Tasi, G.-N. Zoun, H.-I Hsiesh, M.-D. Lin, N. V. Wei
and C. A. Chen
	Status of coral reef in the Pescadores: ReefCheck98 in the Penghu
Islands
S-II-3-1-8	N. V. Wei, Y. C. Chiu, Y.-W. Yang and C. A. Chen
	Status of coral reef in the Posunotao: ReefCheck98 in the Lanyu Island
S-II-3-1-9	Y.-W. Yang, N. V. Wei, Y. C. Chiu, K. Soong and C. A. Chen
	Status of coral reef in the Green Island: ReefCheck98 in the Green
Island
Cheers, Allen
Allen C. Chen, PhD
Assistant Research Fellow
Institute of Zoology
Academia Sinica
Taipei, Taiwan
Ph: 886-2-2789-9549
Fax: 886-2-2785-8059
E-mail: cac@gate.sinica.edu.tw
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  6 09:21:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA13297; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 09:21:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA08077; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 09:28:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008068; Tue, 6 Oct 98 09:28:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA15964; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 11:34:53 GMT
Message-Id: <199810061134.LAA15964@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 06 Oct 1998 17:17:10 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Coral Bleaching
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 564
Coral Listers
If you are not interested in coral bleaching - please delete.
For the others; here is a compiled summary of information gleaned out of
CHAMP pages and in reply to requests.  I have some descriptive summaries to
add to each section.
The intention is to release this as a plain language report on what has
happened, without any analysis of what it may mean with respect to global
climate change or coral evolution or whatever.  Others are preparing
summaries and reviews on that.
Please look at these and send back any more information on areas I missed,
errors in transcription, and updated results on recovery or death. Many of
the early stories of extensive bleaching are now coming back with reports
of significant recovery.  This report as it is may be overly alarmist -
much of the bleached coral may recover.
Please send replies back to <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au> (please do not send
the whole document back - just the bit to change.)
thank you=20
Clive Wilkinson
----------------------------------
DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT DRAFT=20
INTRODUCTION
There has been unprecedented bleaching in coral reefs throughout the Indian
Ocean, the Caribbean and parts of the far eastern and western Pacific
ocean.  This bleaching has been in parallel with a severe El Nino - event
during late-1997 and early-1998, which switched over to a La Nina in=
 mid-1998.
(More to add)
MIDDLE EAST
( 1 paragraph Regional summary to add)
Bahrain=20
1998 was a very hot year on land, and coral bleaching was first observed in
mid-August when water temperatures went from 34 to 370C in a week, and
stayed that way for a few weeks (up to 390C  in shallow areas).  There was
100% bleaching from Hayr Shutaya (20 miles north of Bahrain) south to Fasht
Al Adhom, and Fasht Al Dibal (all less than 10 m depth). Mortality of coral
was 90% a few weks later.
Bleaching was estimated at 50 % on Abul Thama (about 50 miles north of
Bahrain).  There was major bleaching in summer of 1996 when water
temperatures were 37.30C at Fasht Al Dibal. Most corals on Fasht Al Adhom
bleached then died and half of corals at Abul Thama that bleached later=
 died.
(Roger Uwate)
Oman
Extensive bleaching was observed, with temperatures between 29.5 and
31.5=B0C, at 8 sites around Mirbat, southern Oman, between 22 and 26-MAY-98
just prior to the south-east monsoon which drops temperatures as low as
18=BAC. Between 75% and 95% of Stylophora (the most abundant coral genus)
bleached, and  50% of large Porites colonies were partially bleached. About
95% of coral were still living despite losing their zooxanthellae.  But no
bleaching was observed at Sudh, 40  km to the east where seawater
temperatures varied between 25 and 25.5=B0C, nor in the Muscat Area, Gulf of
Oman where water temperatures in early June were 30.5=B0C. No bleaching was
also observed on the Hallaniyat islands, just north of the Yemen border, in
an upwelling area from February to April 1998. This was described as a
pristine area with coral cover from 10 to 90% growing down to 35 m where
macroalgae and corals co-exist in waters which vary between very cool to
very warm.=20
(Robert Baldwin, Simon Wilson and Peter Collinson)
Saudi Arabia=20
Widespread coral bleaching was seen on 4 patch reefs (seawater temperature
35 to 360C) in mid August,  1998. There was very high mortality (about 95%)
in Acropora and other species.  Bleaching was minimal at an offshore island
reef with seawater temperature below 340C.
(Reynaldo Lindo)
INDIAN OCEAN
The extent of bleaching in the Indian Ocean during 1998 is unprecedented in
both the extent and severity.  Warm surface waters have migrated from south
to north during the first 6 months, with considerable coral reef bleaching
occurring in each locality.  The warm pool of water was observed in
satellite images from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
of USA. This bleaching is similar, but more severe than the1987 El Nino in
the Indian Ocean, which caused some mortality, but the reefs recovered
quite quickly in the Maldives.
=20
Chagos=20
The atolls apparently escaped bleaching as none has been reported in the
past 2 years.  No details known.
(Charles Sheppard)
India=20
Bleaching at Kavaratti Island, Lakshadweep islands in May appears similar
to what was seen in the Maldives,  perhaps less severe. Some bleaching,
between 10-30%, was seen in the Gulf of Kutch on the northerly Gujarat
coast in early to mid-May.=20
(Arjan  Rajasuriya and Jason Rubens)
Kenya=20
Bleaching started north of Lamu (2oS), on 18-MAR-98 when temperatures
reached 32.50C and continued to April. Bleaching around Mombasa started
around 25-MAR and was as low as 50%, but mostly near 100% on almost all
reefs seen, where there had been 20% to 50% coral cover.  Bleaching was
most extreme in shallow water, but was also 50% or more at 20 m.  Coral
mortality is nearly 100%, but some reefs still have 1 to 5% coral cover.=20
(David Obura)
Madagascar
There has been patchy bleaching on the Masoala peninsula (north-east coast,
15oS), which probably started in March, but there were no observers.
Bleaching and mortality of predominantly Acropora corals in shallow water
was 40 to 80%, and 10-40% of mixed species corals in deeper water.=20
(David Obura)
Maldives
There has been heavy damage to coral reefs in the central tourism region of
the Maldives. Relatively severe, short-term bleaching was reported between
late April to May, and there are now some signs of partial recovery. Around
80% of corals wholly or partially bleached on the back reef, with around
45% at 10m on the reef slope and 30-40% at 20-30m. Bleaching was also seen
at 50m. These observations on North Male Atoll have been effectively
confirmed by sea-plane operators who have seen similar levels throughout
the Maldives. Other reports from North Male and the Ari Atoll were of up to
95% of mostly Acropora communities dead, including soft corals and
anemones. Many massive corals are still under=20
stress and partially bleached.=20
By late May, some recovery is beginning Porites spp. on South Male and
Vaavu Atolls, but Acropora species had suffered major mortality, some times
up to 100%. On South Male Atoll, temperatures were high, being over 30=B0C a=
t
30 m from April to June 1998. Here 100% of some Sinularia soft corals
bleached (but not Sarcophyton spp.); corals (Acropora, Fungia and Porites
were 60-80% bleached; and even giant clams (Tridacna sp.) were  partially
bleached. Many anemones have since regained their colour. A similar result
was seen in the 70s, with large areas of reefs dead from unknown causes,
but recovery was rapid.
(Jason Rubens, William Allison, Norbert Schmidt, Reto Wyss, Zdenka Vapenik)
=20
Mauritius
There was minor bleaching in Mauritius this year, with some small localised
areas of moderate bleaching. =20
(Loic Charpy)
Mayotte
Corals began to bleach at Mayotte (Comoro Archipelago) in mid April on the
southern end exposed to the tradewinds, and also in the lagoon, which
receives cooler water from the north.
(Bernard Thomassin)
Reunion
During the last 2 weeks of March, there was significant bleaching on the
reef flats and reef slopes of Reunion, with Acropora, Galaxea and
Pocillopora the genera most affected. were. Water temperatures were high
(but not recorded) and there was very heavy rainfall for most of February.
(Michel  Pichon)=20
Seychelles
Corals at 14 sites in the Seychelles Marine Park system were filmed which
showed that an average of about 75% were recently dead (ranging from 50% to
95%). The dead corals were covered with filamentous algae which were
expanding to cover areas of corals which were dying. Other reports were of
moderate bleaching, which was not exceptional.
 (Loic Charpy and Tom Goreau)
Sri Lanka
Bleaching started about 10-APR-98 in the south-west at the Hikkaduwa Marine
Sanctuary with over 75% bleaching in the beginning. Almost all coral
species between 1 and 8 m, except Montipora spp. were affected when water
temperatures went from the normal 29=B0 to 30=B0 C to about 35.5=B0 C in mid
April and remained above 320 C until late May.   It increased to in excess
of 80% on the reef flat 25-APR-98 and on deeper offshore reefs off Colombo.
 All species appear to have been affected, but soft corals appear to have
resisted the bleaching better. Bleaching was noticeable around down to 42 m
on the south-east coast near Battilacoa in mid-MAY.  No bleaching was
observed 100 km further up on the north-east coast of near Trincolamalee in
early May.
Corals remained bleached up to early June 1998, with most branching and
tabulate Acropora and Pocillopora colonies starting to die off and be
covered by algae.   Some recovery (regaining normal colour) of  about 10%
of bleached corals was observed in mid July.  Bleaching like this has never
been seen in Sri Lanka before; any bleached corals in the past recovered
within 3 to 4 weeks.
(Arjan Rajasuriya and Jason Rubens)
Scott Reef (Australia)
This remote atoll reef (14oS; 121oE) was observed to have extensive
bleaching in May 1998. There was between 70% and 100% bleaching and
mortality of corals between 1 m and 9 m and 40% at 30 m depth. Protected
shallow sites had up to 75% coral cover, which is now down to 15%, with
more corals still dying 3 months after bleaching started.
(Luke Smith)
Tanzania
A serious bleaching episode occurred, which affected principally Acropora
and other branching species.
(J.L. Solandt)
SOUTH EAST and EAST ASIA
During June, a warm pool of water developed during the northern summer.  It
bathed the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, part of Malaysia, Singapore and
northern Indonesia. ( 1 paragraph Regional summary to add)
Cambodia
Corals around Sihanoukville, Cambodia were moderately to severely bleached
in mid-May. The water was warm (no thermometers available) and very turbid.
 The predominant corals are massives (Poritids, Faviids and Mussiids), with
few Acropora and Pocillopora species, but most species bleached, with
approximately 80% in some places.
 (Vicki Nelson)
Indonesia
Coral bleaching of approximately 75-100% of the 25% coral cover was seen
around Bali Barat national park (north-west Bali), and at Tulamben (eastern
Bali), with many soft corals seen disintegrating.. There was less bleaching
at Nusa Penida and Nusa Lembongan.=20
There was significant coral bleaching, up to 60-70% at some depths, in East
Kalimantan (Borneo) during Janaury. However, water temperatures were much
colder than normal (approximately 23oC) with extensive plankton blooms.=20
Up to May 1998, there was no bleaching on the Spermonde Archipelago,
south-west Sulawesi (near Ujung Pandang) and at Bunaken, and around Bangka,
north Sulawesi. Coral cover varied between 25 and 75% depending on location
and predominant wind direction. =20
(Alastair Harborne and Bert Hoeksema)
Japan
Many corals bleached in wide area from Okinawa (24oN) to Amakusa (32oN)
when water temperatures went over 30oC in July and August.  Water
temperatures remained high until the first Typhoon in September, which is
very unusual. Earlier, a few mushroom corals (Fungia) bleached with water
temperatures of 28 to 29oC, which is apparently a regular, annual=
 occurrence.
(Tadashi Kimura and Keven Reed)  =20
Malaysia (Sabah)
In mid-May, there was bleaching of 30 to 40 % of all live coral cover in 1
to 2 m at  Pulau Gaya, Sabah (near Kota Kinabalu) with water temperatures
of  320C.  Acropora colonies were about 90% bleached and so were some giant
clam populations with about 20% showing bleaching.
(Don Baker)
Philippines
Massive bleaching started in mid-July, and  may be still ongoing in western
regions where reports are coming in from Bolinao (north-west Luzon),  to
Puerto Galera and southern Negros Island near Dumaguete (central Phils), El
Nido (Bacuit Bay) and Coron Island (Palawan), and Pag-asa Island
(Spratleys). Temperatures of 33 to 34oC degrees were reported. Bleaching
went as deep as 15 m and completely affected soft corals and some anemones.
Bleached hard corals were primarily the plating, branching and foliose
forms, with up to 75% of the community bleached in some areas. Massive
corals were also affected; Faviids were bleached, but large Porites spp.
appear to resist bleaching below 5 m, but not on shallow reef flats of
Bolinao and Negros.  Black band disease was observed on a few bleached
colonies. Mortality, however, of bleached corals appears to be low.  On the
well known Apo Island, some large colonies of Galaxea fasicularlis showed
some patchy bleaching
(Fiona Gell, Rex Montebon, Laurie Raymundo and David Medio)
Singapore=20
There was mass bleaching in June and July, 1998 probably due to elevated
seawater temperatures.=20
(Jeffrey  Low)
Thailand
Warm water temperatures in April, 1998 have caused widespread coral
bleaching in the Gulf of Thailand from Trat province (far east) down to
Singapore. The bleaching has affected tourist attractions such as Chang,
Tao and Pha-ngan islands, but not over the other side in the Andaman Sea.
Water temperatures in the Gulf increased from 28 to 290C to 320C. It was
first noticed in the centre (Chumpon and Surat Thani), then off Pattaya,
near Samaesan and Koh Samet, and later at Rayong and Trat. In some places,
bleaching has been 100% of Acropora, 80% of Pocillopora damicornis, and
about 60 to 70% of massive Porites, especially those in shallow water.
Around Chumporn (10.50N), there was 30 - 50 % of corals bleached around Ko
Kai, Ko Samet and Ko Tao.
(Tenshi Ayuki and Suraphol Sudara).
Vietnam
Major bleaching was reported in mid-July, 1998 on reefs of the Con Dao
Islands, 200 km south of Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)  and 80 km off the
Mekong Delta. Extensive bleaching, estimated at over 70% was observed down
to 15m on particularly impressive coral reefs, which had been damaged by
Typhoon Linda, November 1997. No bleaching was seen at Hon Mun Island (off
Nha Trang) where there is frequent cold upwelling, nor was bleaching seen
at Halong Bay (far north of Vietnam).
(Sue Wells)
Australia
Sea surface temperatures warmed considerably off eastern Australia during
early 1998. Extensive bleaching was observed on inner shelf reefs of the
central Great Barrier Reef in late January and February 1998 from Elford
Reef (17oS), to Heron Island (23oS). Over 100 coral species bleached,
including bleaching and partial death of large Porites colonies that were
centuries old.  This bleaching appeared to be a combined effect of raised
temperatures and massive flows of rainwater in January. Soft corals were
extensively bleached on these inner reefs with almost orders bleached. In
the upper 5 m, soft corals are 100% bleached and about 20% bleached at 8 -
12 m depth. Mortality was high, even in the normally resistant Sinularia.
On Orpheus Island, between 84 and 87% of corals bleached, but 5 weeks
later, mortality was between 2.5 and 17%, with the Acropora species being
most affected. Pocillopora species were hardly affected.
In March, bleaching also extended to southern Queensland (Gneering Shoals
(26oS) and northern New South Wales (28=B030'S) on rocky reefs with
populations of corals up to 50% coral cover. Water temperatures were around
28=B0C (maybe as high as 30=B0C), whereas they are normally in the mid 20s.
Pocillopora damicornis and Stylophora pistillata were most affected with
60-70% of these species bleached to 15m depth. No bleaching was observed on
the Flinders Reefs (27oS), between these 2 sites.
 (Andrew Baird, Simon Banks, Daniel Bucher, Katharina Fabricius)
PACIFIC OCEAN (West)
( 1 paragraph Regional summary to add)
Fiji
No bleaching was seen during the past year over about 180 km on the South
side of the Great and North Astrolabe Reefs (18oS), which have extensive
coral cover.
(Joan Koven)
Johnston Atoll=20
No bleaching was seen, but there was evidence of recovery from a bleaching
event a few years earlier. These reefs have nearly 100% live coral cover in
suitable areas. No elevated water temperatures were observed by satellite.
(Les Kaufman)
Palau
Major coral bleaching occurred in Palau in September, 1998 with water
temperatures from 30 to 32oC. About 75% of corals shallower than 15 m
bleached.  The eventual impact not known, but the area looks awful.
(Pat Colin)
Papua New Guinea
Water temperatures below 10 m around Kimbe Bay (New Britain) were 31-31.5
=B0C in February, and on the surface they were 32-33 =B0C. High mortality of
corals was observed with 75% of Acropora affected, and bleaching in many
other genera including Porites, Platygyra and Montipora. Some others were
partially bleached, but effects were observed down to 50 m.  On the
south-west side of Kimbe Bay, water was 29.5 to 30=B0C, and there was only
10% Bleaching of Acropora and only isolated cases of bleaching on other
species.
In March 1998, large areas of reefs south of Normanby Island through to
Cape Vogel, and Tufi (far south-east PNG) showed coral bleaching from
mid-February.  Bleaching extended down to 20 m, but was most=20
extensive in shallow water (almost 100% in some areas, including soft
corals and anemones). Water temps were 29 to 300C from December to
February, the longest period of warm water on record for in Milne Bay.
Reefs to the north Normanby and Fergusson Ids were apparently not affected
by any major bleaching.
 (James Cervino and John Rewald)
Samoa (Western)
Between 60 to 70% of all Acropora on the reef top bleached within 5-6 days
just before 28-FEB-98 at Palolo Deep, National Marine Park near Apia.
Corals in deeper water appeared healthy.=20
(Mike King)
PACIFIC OCEAN (East)
( 1 paragraph Regional summary to add)
Colombia (Pacific Coast)
The first signs of bleaching were in late-May, 1997 with small patches on
Pocillopora sp. when water temperatures were 29oC. More bleaching was
observed in July and August, 1997 with increased signs of bleaching at
similar temperatures. In September 1997, up to 30% of some Pocillopora was
bleached, whereas similar corals nearby appeared normal.
(Fernando Zapata)
Galapagos
The first bleaching reports were in mid-December when water temperatures of
280C were recorded from satellites.  Water was 20C warmer in February and
bleaching continued.  Nearly all corals on the Galapagos were bleached to
some extent by March 1998.  The most strongly affected were Porites and
Pavona. The genera Psammocora, Diaseris and Cycloseris were bleached on
top, but many still had pigment around the bases. Corals bleached down to
30m, but was more extensive shallower than 10 to 15 m depth.  Pocillopora,
which was most impacted during the big El Nino of 1982-83, seems to be
largely resisting this time.=20
(Andrew Baker, Joshua Feingold, Jerry Wellington, Al Strong)
Mexico (Pacific Coast)
Bleaching was first noticed in July, 1997 from the Gulf of California
(25oN) to Jalisco (19oN) and in the remote Revillagigedo Islands (18oN).
Bleaching peaked in August- September, 1997 involving about 25% of total
coral cover (water temperatures were 31 to 34oC). The most extensive
bleaching occurred at Nayarit (20oN), of about 60% of corals mostly
shallower than 4 m. Bleaching was 10% to 15% in  the Revillagigedos, with
some mortality, but had finished in October. The only significant recovery
in the Gulf is from new Pocillopora recruits settloing on the old
skeletons. This the first time that bleaching has been reported on the
Pacific coast.
=20
No bleaching or death was observed at Oaxaca (16oN) nor at Clipperton Atoll
in November, 1997.=20
(Hector Reyes)
Panama (Pacific Coast)
There was significant coral bleaching on 17 September 1997 at Uva Island,
Gulf of Chiriqui. All coral species were affected down to 20 m. Millepora
intricata, the most common species remaining after the 1982-83 El Nino,
bleached and died.  Other species were still alive but bleached.
Almost all coral species in the Gulf of Chiriqui region started bleaching
in mid-April, 1998 with 50% to almost 90% of corals with at least partial
bleaching. This follows the bleaching above, but is much less intense than
1983. Bleaching occurred when water temperatures were 29 to 31oC, more
1.5oC above normal. Corals from nearby Gulf of Panama showed much less
bleaching.
(Andrew Baker, Mark Eakin, Peter Glynn and Juan Mat=E9 )
CARIBBEAN SEA=20
( 1 paragraph Regional summary to add)
Bahamas
Corals of the central Bahamas showed extensive bleaching in August 1998,
with over 60% of all head corals bleached to 20 m around New Providence
Island.  Extensive bleaching (around 80%) between 15-20 meters depth.
Montastrea cavernosa was not bleached, and Acropora palmata bleached on the
upper sides only of branches in shallow water. Hurricane Bonnie then
dropped water temperatures by 2oC. There was also extensive bleaching at
Walker's Cay in the northern Bahamas, with many types of coral affected.
(Benjamin Mcpherson, Bill Precht)
Belize
The entire Belizean coral reef ecosystem experienced massive coral
bleaching in early September 1998. Severe bleaching down to 8 m on the
fore-reef, top-reef and back-reef of: the main barrier reef at Ranguana
Pass; patch reefs at Bird, Crawl, Laughing Bird, Scipio, South Water, and
Cocoplum Cayes; pinnacle reefs between Ranguana Pass and Lighthouse Caye
off Placencia; offshore reefs of Glover's Reef Atoll and Ambergris Caye;
and shallow banks off Rum Point.  No bleaching of this extent has been seen
before. The bleaching is correlated with exceptionally high water
temperatures, and calm weather.  Water temperatures have been consistently
between 30 and 32oC, and on the surface near some of the cayes, it was
between 36 to 38oC. Almost all hard corals and the zooanthid Palythoa
exhibited some bleaching. Total to high bleaching was prevalent in
Millepora, Agaricia, and  Porites.. High to moderate bleaching was
prevalent in Montastrea, Siderastrea, and Diploria. Moderate to low
bleaching occurred in Dendrogyra and Acropora (although A. palmata was only
moderately bleached on the main Barrier Reef, but some totally
bleached colonies were seen lagoon patch reefs.
 (Tom Bright)
Bonaire (Dutch Antilles)
Less than 15% of corals have bleached in August and September 1998, with
partial bleaching in Montastrea  annularis between 10 and 20 m and in
Agaricia below 20 m. Only a few, small corals in shallow water appear to
have bleached.
(Kalli De Meyer)
Cayman Islands
Unprecedented bleaching has occurred during late September 1998 on Little
Cayman and Grand Cayman, with all species affected and possibly 90% of all
corals heavily bleached. There was extensive bleaching of Acropora palmata
and  Montastrea annularis at 1 - 5 m depth, and widespread mortality to the
abundant Millepora. Even previously resilient Montastrea cavernosa partly
bleached. Between 50 and 60% of large colonies of Montastraea faveolata
bleached on the North Side of Grand Cayman, but there was virtually no
bleaching on the West Wall.
(Phil Bush and Jason DeSalvo)
Cuba
No bleaching has been reported on the south coast of Cuba. =20
(Judy Lang, Peter Sale)
=20
Florida (USA)
Scattered bleaching was observed in inshore waters of the Florida Keys in
early August, 1997, with some  colonies partially bleached and others
extremely mottled or blotched. Small colonies were entirely bleached.=20
Extensive bleaching to large coral heads in the Gulf of Mexico area of the
Keys (Boca Grande Channel, between Boca Grande Key and the Marquesas Keys)
was also reported.
In July and August, 1998 there was bleaching at Coffins Patch Light in the
Florida Keys, with water temperatures of 30 and 31oC.  Minimal bleaching
was observed Millepora colonies, but there was none on nearby Coffins Patch
Special Protected Area (SPA). In late August, 1998 extensive bleaching was
seen in Western Sambo Ecological Reserve, Florida Keys. Surface water
temperatures were between 30 and 31oC, but 26oC at 10 m. Bleaching was seen
in up to 90% of Acropora palmata, with some mortality, 50-80% of Montastrea
annularis and A. cervicornis, and 40-60% of other corals.  There was
moderate bleaching between 10 and 30 m in Dry Tortugas National Park and on
the Tortugas Banks in early September, 1998. Approximately 15 to 25% of
colonies were affected with water temperatures around 30oC. There was also
evidence of bleaching at Ft. Jefferson. In September there was significant
recovery of corals on an inshore patch reef known as the Rocks that had
been severely bleached in June. Very little mortality was evident.
 (Billy Causey, George Garrett, Ben Haskell, Walt Jaap, Alina Szmant)
Mexico
Some bleaching was reported for the Yucatan coast, but no bleaching was
seen near Cozumel.
(Judy Lang and Peter Sale)
Puerto Rico=09
There was no bleaching in 1997. There was, however, moderate bleaching in
1996 after Hurricane Hortense hit the south coast, and all colonies
recovered well from partial or total bleaching. In 1998, there has been
sporadic, but low frequency bleaching, in several species down to 30 m
deep. The most affected were a zoanthid (Palythoa caribbaeroun), and
Millepora, but most other corals were normal.
(Ernesto Weil)
ATLANIC OCEAN
Barbados
A large area of the Carribee bank reef at 25 to 30m on the south coast has
bleached, apparently in September,1998.
(Renata Goodridge)
Bermuda
Brazil
There was mass bleaching on patch reefs off the northern coast of Bahia
State (12oS; 38oW) on 14-APR-98. There was bleaching of: more than 90% of
Mussismilia hispida (endemic coral); 80% of Agaricia agaricites; and 70% of
Siderastrea stellata (endemic). Other corals may have been less affected
when water temperatures reached 29.5oC on the bottom of these reefs at 9to
12 m, the highest temperature measured during the last 3 years.
(Ruy Kenji)
Acknowledgements: Thanks go to all those people mentioned above who
provided reports.  Special thanks go to Al Strong who provides regular
reports on sea surface temperatures from the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration of USA, and Jim Hendee who runs the NOAA coral
e-mail listing, which has compiled many bleaching reports.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  6 11:18:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA17365; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 11:18:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA15018; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 11:25:22 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014981; Tue, 6 Oct 98 11:24:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA17226; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 14:22:12 GMT
Received: from send1d.yahoomail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA17221; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 10:22:06 -0400
Message-ID: <19981006142109.15722.rocketmail@send1d.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [139.133.201.53] by send1d; Tue, 06 Oct 1998 07:21:09 PDT
Date: Tue, 6 Oct 1998 07:21:09 -0700 (PDT)
From: tim Daw <tim_daw@yahoo.com>
Subject: Report on Eritrean reefs
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 565
Greetings coral listers,
Last September and October (as part of IYOR) a Newcastle University
expedition studied the status of the coral reefs around the Port of
Massawa in Eritrea (NE Africa) including:
*Baseline ecological surveys
*The structure and operation of the aquarium fish trade
*Simple nutrient analysis and investigations into potential
eutrophication
The completed report will be printed in the next couple of weeks and
we have a limited amount of funds left over to produce and distribute
copies of the report. If any of you would be interested, or knows
anyone who would benefit from the report, please contact us and we
will try to send out a copy.
We are already planning to send copies to the following organisations:
World Conservation Union, East Africa
ReefBase
GCRMN
CORAL
WCMC
Marine Conservation Society (UK)
A sincere thanks to all list members who generously sent us useful
advice and encouragement during the planning stages of the project
over a year ago.
Cheers,
Tim Daw
P.S. We will also be attending the Reef Conservation UK meeting in
London on 9th of November.
Tim Daw
Expedition Leader
Reefs of Massawa Expedition 1997
Hillhead of Craigie
Whitecairns
Aberdeen AB23 8XE
UK
Tel. +44 (0)1651 862 496
email: tim_daw@yahoo.com
_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  6 15:45:20 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA22079; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 15:45:16 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA03770; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 15:52:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003736; Tue, 6 Oct 98 15:52:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA19300; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 19:01:51 GMT
Message-Id: <199810061901.TAA19300@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 05 Oct 1998 13:24:41 -0400
From: Joe Pawlik <pawlikj@uncwil.edu>
Subject: Bleaching in the Bahamas
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 566
Greetings,
FYI:
I just returned from a 2 week research cruise (14 Sep - 01
Oct) in the Bahamas on board HBOI's r/v Edwin Link to
study sponge chemical ecology, and we noted near
complete bleaching of all the scleractinians and
hydrocorals, along with some gorgonians at most of our
sites, including Sweetings Cay, Chubb Cay, Little San
Salvador, San Salvador and Egg Is.  Samana Cay was
much less effected.
Regards,
**********************************
Joseph R. Pawlik, Ph.D., Professor
Biological Sciences
UNC-Wilmington
Wilmington, NC  28403-3297
voice: (910)962-3475
FAX: (910)962-4066
pawlikj@uncwil.edu
http://www.uncwil.edu/people/pawlikj/index.htm
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  6 16:36:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA22930; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 16:36:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA07508; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 16:43:58 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007434; Tue, 6 Oct 98 16:43:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA19715; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 19:44:16 GMT
Received: from smtp3.erols.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA19710; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 15:44:10 -0400
Received: from erols.com (207-172-252-95.s72.as15.rkv.erols.com [207.172.252.95])
	by smtp3.erols.com (8.8.8/8.8.5) with ESMTP id PAA20921
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 6 Oct 1998 15:43:27 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <361A72E7.CD5D4301@erols.com>
Date: Tue, 06 Oct 1998 15:43:35 -0400
From: John Ware <jware@erols.com>
Reply-To: jware@erols.com
Organization: SeaServices, Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.02 [en]C-DIAL  (Win95; U)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleach and spawning report from Bonaire.
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 567
Dear Listers,
I was on Bonaire from 12 to 19 September.
I observed substantial spawning of Montastrea annularis and M. faveolata
on 12 Sept.  Other divers observed spawning of Acropora palmata and
Eusmilia fastigiata on the same evening.  The spawning I observed began
at about 2155 local time and ended about 3 minutes later.  All corals in
the visible area seemed to spawn at nearly the same time.
We observed minor spawning of various M. annularis forms on 13 Sept.
We also observed bleaching of nearly 100% of all Agaricia lamarcki (?)
(only 1 not bleaching of several hundred seen) at all depths from about
25 feet to well over 100 feet.  No other bleaching was observed but all
forms of M. annularis had pale-appearing individuals.  Water temperature
was 30 oC from the surface to about 100 ft and 29.5 oC below that.
Would love to be there another 2 weeks as I suspect bleaching will
increase.
John.
--
     ***********************************************************
     *                                                         *
     *                   John R. Ware, PhD                     *
     *                       President                         *
     *                    SeaServices, Inc.                    *
     *                 19572 Club House Road                   *
     *              Gaithersburg, MD, 20886, USA               *
     *                     301 987-8507                        *
     *                    jware@erols.com                      *
     *                                                         *
     *                                     _                   *
     *    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~|~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~    *
     *                                   _|__                  *
     *                                  | _ |                  *
     *           _______________________|   |______            *
     *        |\/__     Sea Services, Inc.         \           *
     *        |/\__________________________________/           *
     ***********************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  7 10:59:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA02065; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 10:59:31 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA11205; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 11:06:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011177; Wed, 7 Oct 98 11:06:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA25832; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 13:09:02 GMT
Message-Id: <199810071309.NAA25832@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 06 Oct 1998 18:54:55 -0400
From: Mike Nolan <mnolan01@sprynet.com>
Reply-To: rainforest@mail.org
Organization: Rainforest and Reef Conservation Fund 501(c)(3) non-profit
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Rainforest and Marine Biology Workshops
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 568
Please post or forward to interested Faculty, Students and Staff.
Detailed itineraries available upon request. Thank you.
Sincerely,
Mike Nolan
	     RAINFOREST and MARINE BIOLOGY WORKSHOPS
=B7 Sites: Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, Ecuador, Peru and
southeast Alaska
=B7 Workshops are field oriented and focus on natural history, rainforest
and marine ecology, conservation, land management, medicinal uses of
native plants, local cultures, archaeology and geology
=20
=B7 Instruction features local Biologists and naturalist Guides
=20
=B7 Proceeds go to sponsoring organization in each country and help
support valuable education/conservation projects
=20
=B7 Three Undergraduate or Graduate credits in the Natural Sciences or
Education are available for attending through Aquinas College of Grand
Rapids, Michigan (www.aquinas.edu)
=B7 Workshops are sponsored by the Rainforest and Reef Conservation Fund,
a 501(c)(3) non-profit corporation based in Grand Rapids, Michigan USA
				BELIZE
Length: 14 Days/13 Nights
Cost: $980.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: Belize Tropical Education Center/Tony Garel,
Belize City, Belize
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Moist Forest Ecology
=B7 Marine Ecology
=B7 Mayan Archaeology=20
=B7 Garifuna Culture
Highlights:
=B7 Community Baboon Sanctuary
=B7 Chan Chich Lodge and surrounding tropical moist forest
=B7 R=EDo Bravo Conservation and Management Area
=B7 Chaa Creek Natural History Center and Blue Morpho Butterfly Farm=20
=B7 Ix Chel Farm and Panti Medicinal Plant Trail=20
=B7 Cockscomb Basin Wildlife Sanctuary and Jaguar Preserve
=B7 Garifuna drumming and dancing=20
=B7 Mayan site of Xunantunich
=B7 South Water Caye=20
=B7 Great Barrier Reef of Belize and nearby marine ecosystems including,
grass beds, patch reefs, mangroves=20
=B7 Sea bird rookeries
				COSTA RICA
Length: 12 Days/11 Nights
Cost: $850.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: Juan Pablo Bello Carranza, Las Juntas, Costa
Rica
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Rainforest and Dry Forest Ecology
=B7 Conservation and Land Management=20
=B7 Geology/Volcanoes
Highlights:
=B7 Monteverde Cloudforest Reserve
=B7 International Children's Rainforest Reserve
=B7 Santa Elena Cloudforest Reserve=20
=B7 Arenal Volcano
=B7 Palo Verde National Park=20
=B7 Tempisque River trip
=B7 Santa Rosa National Park=20
=B7 Costa Rican cattle and dairy ranch=20
=B7 Abangares gold mines, Ecological Museum and Butterfly Garden
=B7 Reforestation project along banks of the Abangares River
=B7 Mist-netting and study of vampire bats
=B7 Evening presentations on local cultures, medicinal uses of rainforest
plants, sustainable uses of forests and Costa Rican history
=B7 Post-Workshop extensions to Corcovado and Tortuguero National Parks=20
				HONDURAS
Length: 14 Days/13 Nights
Cost: $765.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: REHDES/Jerry Haylock, La Ceiba, Honduras
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Rainforest and Marine Ecology
=B7 Conservation and Land Management=20
=B7 Mayan Archaeology
=B7 Garifuna Culture
Highlights:
=B7 Mayan site of Cop=E1n
=B7 Village of Tela and traditional Garifuna music and dance
=B7 Lancetilla Botanical Garden and Research Center
=B7 Jeannette Kawas National Park=20
=B7 Cuero and Salado Wildlife Refuge
=B7 Pico Bonito National Park
=B7 Bay Island of Utila
=B7 Marine ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves and tidal pools=20
=B7 Evening presentations on conservation, rainforest and marine ecology
=B7 Butterfly Farm and Museum=20
=B7 White-Water Rafting on the Canjegral River
=B7 Post-Workshop extension to La Mosquitia and the R=EDo Pl=E1tano Biosp=
here
Reserve=20
				PANAMA
Length: 14 Days/13 Nights
Cost: $1100.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: Win Rice, Panama City, Panama
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Rainforest and Marine Ecology
=B7 Conservation and Land Management=20
=B7 Geology/Volcanoes
=B7 Indian Cultures
=B7 R.O.P.E.
Highlights:
=B7 Chagres National Park
=B7 R.O.P.E. Course
=B7 Mist-netting and study of birds and bats=20
=B7 White-water rafting on the Piedres and Chagres Rivers
=B7 Ember=E1 Indian village of Par=E1ra Pur=FA
=B7 Panam=E1 Viejo (old Panama City), colonial city and modern-day Panama
City
=B7 Panama Canal
=B7 El Ca=F1o Archaeological Park
=B7 Bastimentos National Park and the Bocas del Toro Archipelago
=B7 Marine ecosystems including, mangroves, grass beds and coral reefs=20
=B7 Gnobe and Bugle Indian cultures
=B7 La Fortuna Nature Reserve
=B7 Highland mountain village of Boquete
=B7 Bar=FA Volcano and National Park
=B7 Orchid, fruit and coffee plantations
=B7 Evening presentations on tropical medicine/jungle first-aid and
orchids of Panama
=B7 Post-Workshop partial and complete Panama Canal transits=20
				ECUADOR
Length: 14 Days/13 Nights
Cost: $1050.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: Jatun Sacha Foundation/Dr. Michael McColm,
Ph.D., Quito, Ecuador
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Rainforest Ecology
=B7 Biodiversity
=B7 Conservation and Land Management=20
=B7 Quichua Indian Culture
Highlights:
=B7 Quito
=B7 Andes Mountain Range
=B7 Alpine and cloudforest ecosystems
=B7 Jatun Sacha Biological Station and surrounding tropical rainforest
=B7 Plant Conservation Center
=B7 Solo experience in the rainforest=20
=B7 Animal Rehabilitation Center
=B7 Local Shaman's nursery, home visit and "cleansing" demonstration
=B7 Quichua Indian village of Capirona=20
=B7 Avenue of the Volcanoes =20
=B7 Highland Indians and villages of Ecuador
=B7 Ba=F1os
=B7 Evening presentations on a variety of rainforest and conservation
topics
=B7 Post-Workshop extension to the Gal=E1pagos Islands and/or Cuzco and t=
he
Lost City of the Incas-Machu Picchu=20
				PERU
Length: 15 Days/14 Nights
Cost: $1145.00 per person
Host/Workshop Coordinator: Dr. Paul Beaver, Ph.D., Indian Shores,
Florida
Topics Covered:
=B7 Tropical Rainforest Ecology
=B7 Biodiversity
=B7 Conservation and Land Management=20
=B7 Indian Culture
Highlights:
=B7 Amazon River
=B7 Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Biological Reserve-included by Audubon Magazine on
its=92 list of top 50 ecologically based tour destinations in the world
(Sep/Oct 1998)
=B7 Fourteen primate species=09
=B7 Evening cruise on the Tahuayo River=20
=B7 Pink freshwater dolphins of Charro Lake=20
=B7 Caiman Lake
=B7 Jungle community of Santa Ana=20
=B7 Giant lilypads of Barbasco Lake
=B7 Local Shaman "good luck-good health" ceremony=20
=B7 Rainforest canopy experience
=B7 Camping on the interior of the Tamshiyacu-Tahuayo Reserve
=B7 Local Indian village market
=B7 Post-Workshop extension to the Gal=E1pagos Islands and/or Cuzco and t=
he
Lost City of the Incas-Machu Picchu=20
			   SOUTHEAST ALASKA
Length: 14 Days/13 Nights
Cost: $995.00
Host/Workshop Coordinator: David Berg, Petersburg, Alaska
=20
Topics Covered:
=B7 Temperate Rainforest and Marine Ecology
=B7 Conservation and Land Management
=B7 Marine Mammals
=B7 Geology/Glaciers/Volcanoes=20
=B7 Indian Cultures
=B7 Russian History
Highlights:
=B7 White-water rafting on the Sauk River in Washington state
=B7 Cascade Mountain Range=20
=B7 Inside Passage of southeast Alaska=20
=B7 Wrangell
=B7 Petroglyph Beach=20
=B7 Petersburg=20
=B7 Sea kayaking
=B7 Whale watching in Frederick Sound=20
=B7 LeConte glacier=20
=B7 Camping in temperate rainforest=20
=B7 Stargavvan Bay estuary and near-shore tide pools
=B7 Harbor Mountain-Gavan Hill Trail hike and camp  =20
=B7 Mount Edgecumbe hike and camp
=B7 Tlingit Native dancing and cultural experience
=B7 Sitka Historical Park
=B7 Sheldon Jackson Museum and its=92 collection of Native artifacts
=B7 Sage Science Center and fish hatchery
=B7 Sitka Raptor Rehabilitation Center
	     CONTACT US FOR DETAILED WORKSHOP ITINERARIES
		 REFERENCES AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST
	Rainforest and Reef Conservation Fund 501(c)(3) non-profit=20
	  Prospect NE Suite #8 Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503 USA
 Phone: (616) 776-5928/Fax: (616) 776-5931/E-Mail: rainforest@mail.org
			 WORKSHOP DATES 1999*=20
Number Workshops by order of preference with #1 being your first choice.
Spaces are filled on a first-come first-serve basis. Please be aware
that Workshops are popular and may fill quickly. It is recommended that
you register as early as possible.
BELIZE: 14 D/13 N         Jun 15-28_____   Jul 13-26_____  Aug 3-16_____=20
COSTA RICA: 12 D/11 N     Jun 14-25_____   Jul 12-23_____  Aug 9-20_____
HONDURAS: 14 D/13 N       Jun 10-23_____    Jul 8-21_____  Aug 5-18_____=20
PANAMA: 14 D/13 N         Jun 12-25_____   Jul 10-23_____  Aug 7-20_____=20
ECUADOR: 14 D/13 N        Jun 17-30_____   Jul 15-28_____  Aug 4-17_____
PERU: 15 D/14 N   Jun 26-Jul 10_____  Jul 10-24_____  Jul 24-Aug 7 _____=20
SE ALASKA: 14 D/13 N      Jun 17-30_____  Jul 1-13 _____ Jul 15-28 _____
*Other Workshop dates throughout the year are available upon request
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  7 14:07:03 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA05172; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 14:07:01 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA21261; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 14:14:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021230; Wed, 7 Oct 98 14:13:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA27376; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:46:48 GMT
Received: from mail.state.fl.us by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA27371; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 12:46:43 -0400
Received: from GMD0004 [204.90.27.80]
	by mail.state.fl.us with smtp (Exim 1.73 #2)
	id 0zQwip-0003CZ-00; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 12:45:56 -0400
Received: by GMD0004 with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BDF1F0.89114F60@GMD0004>; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 12:46:43 -0400
Message-ID: <01BDF1F0.89114F60@GMD0004>
From: "George S. Garrett" <garettg@mail.state.fl.us>
To: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Four Reefs after Hurricane Georges
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1998 12:46:33 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id OAA05172
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 569
Coral-list folks:
Hurricane Georges passed through the Florida Keys in the early afternoon and evening of Friday 25 September.  Damage to the human environment of Keys was significant, but it could have been much worse.  Damage to the natural environment of the Keys seems to be much less significant.  Concern was immediately raised as to the potential impacts of Georges on the Florida reef tract.
Local photographer Larry Benvenuti (see some of his photos on the AOML Web site) and I briefly surveyed four reef areas in the Middle Keys area near Marathon on 2 October 1998; Coffins Patch (FKNMS SPA), Coffins Patch Light, Sombrero Deep Reef, and Sombrero Reef (FKNMS SPA).  Without going into detail our conclusion is resoundingly that the hurricane did a lot to clean up these reef areas.  We saw little evidence at any of these sites that there had been significant damage to hard and soft corals or other sessile invertebrates.  We saw little evidence of either overturned coral heads or of broken coral branches.  On the other hand, much of the macro-algal overgrowth, silt, and detritus that has been in evidence over the past Summer and in past years seems to have been scoured away.  As the substrate for our reef is in fact an ancient reef, those "rock" surfaces are in many cases bare.  This was particularly true at Coffins Patch Light and at Sombrero Deep Reef.  Coffins Patch and Sombrero Reef show considerable coral bleaching, particularly to brain corals, fire corals, some shallow encrusting corals, and lesser to Star corals unrelated to the hurricane, but all except the brain corals seem to be recovering at these locations.  Brain corals remain essentially completely bleached, particularly at Sombrero Reef.  Time will only tell there.
Evidence of extreme wave conditions resulting from the storm exist at Coffins Patch Light.  The light there, consisting of several approximately 16-18" steel I-beams configured into a "tee pee" or "dolphin," was flattened and now lies bent over on the bottom.  Similar wave conditions can be presumed at the other locations as well (except the deep reef (40-60')).  Thus, we feel the reef faired pretty well even with the strenuous physical forces of the hurricane.  Other anecdotal reports (speaking to some local dive operators) indicate that there may have been more significant physical damage at other locations in the Marathon (Middle Keys) area.  This should be investigated further.
Larry took several rolls of wide angle photos at each location (print and slide).
George Garrett
Director of Marine Resources
Monroe County, Florida
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  7 16:51:16 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA08365; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:51:14 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA00664; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:58:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000612; Wed, 7 Oct 98 16:57:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA28504; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 19:52:33 GMT
Received: from mail.mia.bellsouth.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA28499; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 15:52:29 -0400
Received: from desk2 (host-209-214-4-156.mia.bellsouth.net [209.214.4.156])
	by mail.mia.bellsouth.net (8.8.8-spamdog/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA05312
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 15:51:15 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <361BC767.20A@bellsouth.net>
Date: Wed, 07 Oct 1998 15:56:23 -0400
From: Reef Relief <reef@bellsouth.net>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Hurricane Georges impact on Keys reefs
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 570
Reef Relief teams have assessed coral reefs in the Key West area
following Hurricane Georges.  Sand Key, Rock Key, and Western Sambo
reefs have all been heavily damaged by the hurricane and reports from
surveys conducted by sanctuary staff at other sites in the Keys indicate
that reefs in the Middle and Upper Keys have also sustained tremendous
damage.  Up to 90% of the acropora palmata at Looe Key National Marine
Sanctuary has been damaged by the storm.  Massive pillar corals at Upper
Keys reefs are reportedly overturned.  Researchers are having difficulty
even finding their survey sites in the Lower Keys due to the massive
removal of coral formations; some grounding sites are unidentifiable for
ongoing restoration work.
The Reef Relief Coral Nursery Project at Western Sambo Reef was
virtually eliminated by the storm surges which battered the branching
corals into thousands of small fragments on the ocean floor.  The coral
reef has been scoured in many places--even the algae is missing.
Substrata of ancient corals is now uncovered, surrounded by many coral
fragments and overturned coralheads.
Prior to the storm, many of these corals were experiencing a return of
last year's extensive coral bleaching.  For the past few years, these
coral reefs have been attacked by various diseases that have been first
observed (in many cases) and monitored as part of the Reef Relief Coral
Photo Monitoring Survey.  The health and vitality of Keys reefs are
seriously compromised.  Sedimentation stirred up by the storm has
reduced visibility.  Some of the corals that usually feed at night are
openly feeding during the day in response to the lack of light due to
the cloudy water.  Corals require clear, clean, nutrient-free waters to
thrive.
Director of Marine Projects Craig Quirolo will be leading a team to take
immediate action to rebuild the coral nursery at Western Sambo Reef. The
method employed stabilizes larger fragments of acropora palmata by
securing them to concrete pads that are then secured to the ocean
bottom.  This design by Harold Hudson of the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary prevents the fragments from being covered in sediment
and allows them to be elevated in a manner that will allow regrowth,
provided other conditions make this possible.  Quick setting epoxy will
be used to secure the fragments to the concrete pads and volunteers are
encouraged to get involved.  Our window of opportunity is limited to the
next few weeks while the coral fragments are still viable.  If possible,
the program may be expanded to other areas of the reef.  The Caribbean
is one of the only areas of the world where acropora palmata grows, thus
our interest in saving some of those in the Keys.
DeeVon Quirolo, Reef Relief (305) 294-3100
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  7 16:58:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA08544; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:58:19 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA01026; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 17:05:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001004; Wed, 7 Oct 98 17:05:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA28544; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 19:58:25 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA28539; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 15:58:20 -0400
Received: from [128.171.44.54] ([128.171.44.54]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <149585(5)>; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 09:57:29 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix4.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <171110(6)>; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 09:57:20 -1000
Date: 	Wed, 7 Oct 1998 09:57:17 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix4
To: "George S. Garrett" <garettg@mail.state.fl.us>
cc: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Four Reefs after Hurricane Georges
In-Reply-To: <01BDF1F0.89114F60@GMD0004>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981007094936.18009A-100000@uhunix4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from QUOTED-PRINTABLE to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA08544
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 571
This brings up an interesting possibility. It is generally accepted that
the Caribbean and FL areas have been in a lull when it comes to hurricanes
over the last 20-30 years. According to hurricane forecasters, we are now
entering a cycle of renewed hurricane activity in the region for the next
twenty years or so.
Could it be that the increased presence of macroalgae in reef areas in the
region could be the by-product of reduced "cleansing"  of reef tracts by
hurricanes?
In closed aquarium systems it is not uncommon to experience increased
algal growth in areas where sediments/detritus accumulates. Aquarists
often mimic "mini-hurricanes" by agitating the water either by hand or via
powerheads set on timers, to dislodge this accumulated sediment and remove
it from the system via mechanical filters.
Food for thought ...
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Waikiki Aquarium
University of Hawaii
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
On Wed, 7 Oct 1998, George S. Garrett wrote:
> Coral-list folks:
>
> Hurricane Georges passed through the Florida Keys in the early afternoon and evening of Friday 25 September.  Damage to the human environment of Keys was significant, but it could have been much worse.  Damage to the natural environment of the Keys seems to be much less significant.  Concern was immediately raised as to the potential impacts of Georges on the Florida reef tract.
>
> Local photographer Larry Benvenuti (see some of his photos on the AOML Web site) and I briefly surveyed four reef areas in the Middle Keys area near Marathon on 2 October 1998; Coffins Patch (FKNMS SPA), Coffins Patch Light, Sombrero Deep Reef, and Sombrero Reef (FKNMS SPA).  Without going into detail our conclusion is resoundingly that the hurricane did a lot to clean up these reef areas.  We saw little evidence at any of these sites that there had been significant damage to hard and soft corals or other sessile invertebrates.  We saw little evidence of either overturned coral heads or of broken coral branches.  On the other hand, much of the macro-algal overgrowth, silt, and detritus that has been in evidence over the past Summer and in past years seems to have been scoured away.  As the substrate for our reef is in fact an ancient reef, those "rock" surfaces are in many cases bare.  This was particularly true at Coffins Patch Light and at Sombrero Deep Reef.  Coffins Patch and Sombrero Reef show considerable coral bleaching, particularly to brain corals, fire corals, some shallow encrusting corals, and lesser to Star corals unrelated to the hurricane, but all except the brain corals seem to be recovering at these locations.  Brain corals remain essentially completely bleached, particularly at Sombrero Reef.  Time will only tell there.
>
> Evidence of extreme wave conditions resulting from the storm exist at Coffins Patch Light.  The light there, consisting of several approximately 16-18" steel I-beams configured into a "tee pee" or "dolphin," was flattened and now lies bent over on the bottom.  Similar wave conditions can be presumed at the other locations as well (except the deep reef (40-60')).  Thus, we feel the reef faired pretty well even with the strenuous physical forces of the hurricane.  Other anecdotal reports (speaking to some local dive operators) indicate that there may have been more significant physical damage at other locations in the Marathon (Middle Keys) area.  This should be investigated further.
>
> Larry took several rolls of wide angle photos at each location (print and slide).
>
> George Garrett
> Director of Marine Resources
> Monroe County, Florida
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  7 17:12:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA08790; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 17:12:28 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA01664; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 17:19:44 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001650; Wed, 7 Oct 98 17:19:19 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA28670; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 20:17:43 GMT
Received: from imo28.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA28665; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:17:38 -0400
From: DMBillies2@aol.com
Received: from DMBillies2@aol.com
	by imo28.mx.aol.com (IMOv16.10) id 3XPVa02083
	 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:16:07 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <e6983318.361bcc07@aol.com>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1998 16:16:07 EDT
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Re: Hurricane Georges impact on Keys reefs
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 4.0 for Windows 95 sub 214
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 572
Please add the following screen name instead of DMBillies2@aol.com
please forward this to : RighteousGrL@yahoo.com
Thank you
Francesca
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  8 00:59:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA11823; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 00:59:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA08096; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 01:06:43 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008091; Thu, 8 Oct 98 01:06:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA01521; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 04:21:07 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA01512; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 00:21:03 -0400
Message-Id: <199810080421.AAA01512@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.27] [130.111.160.27] by MAINE.maine.edu (IBM VM SMTP Level 310) via TCP with SMTP ; Thu, 08 Oct 1998 00:19:01 EDT
Subject: Delbeek's question
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 98 00:22:46 -0400
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
To: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>,
        "George S. Garrett" <garettg@mail.state.fl.us>
cc: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 573
Charles Delbeek asked:
>Could it be that the increased presence of macroalgae in reef areas in the
>region could be the by-product of reduced "cleansing"  of reef tracts by
>hurricanes?
It's unlikely because the spatial and temporal patterns do not conform
with the prediction.  Areas with both high and low hurricane frequencies
have experienced macroalgal increases.  For example,  St. Croix had very
low levels of macroalgal biomass through the 1970 despite not having had
a hurricane hit for over 50 years.  Jamaica also had low biomass prior to
and several years following Hurricane Allen.  In both cases, macroalgal
biomass increased immediately following the die off of Diadema.  Diadema
control of macroalgal biomass had been demonstrated experimentally by
Ogden and Carpenter for St. Croix well before the die-off.  Similar
increases in algal biomass have been observed throughout the Caribbean.
You certainly don't need to believe me (e.g., Steneck 1994), since every
hurricane cruise track is posted on the web, the question is testable.
Bob Steneck
	Steneck, R. S. 1994. Is herbivore loss more damaging to reefs than
hurricanes?  Case studies from two Caribbean reef systems (1978 - 1988).
 pp  220 - 226. In: Ginsburg RN (ed) Proc Colloquium on Global Aspects of
Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards, and History, 1993.  Rosensteil School of
Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D.
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  8 10:38:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA17382; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 10:38:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA19594; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 10:45:46 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019573; Thu, 8 Oct 98 10:45:01 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA04495; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 13:09:43 GMT
Received: from mail.state.fl.us by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA04490; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 09:09:38 -0400
Received: from GMD0004 [204.90.27.97]
	by mail.state.fl.us with smtp (Exim 1.73 #2)
	id 0zRFoB-0000D6-00; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 09:08:43 -0400
Received: by GMD0004 with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BDF29B.5B628D80@GMD0004>; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 09:09:30 -0400
Message-ID: <01BDF29B.5B628D80@GMD0004>
From: "George S. Garrett" <garettg@mail.state.fl.us>
To: "'Menchie Ablan'" <M.ABLAN@CGIAR.ORG>
Cc: "Coral List (E-mail)" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: On Florida Keys and the Florida Reef Tract
Date: Thu, 8 Oct 1998 09:07:56 -0400
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA17382
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 574
Menchie Ablan:
I am aware of the good work of ReefBase.  It is much appreciated.
To answer  your question, there is a difference between the "Florida Keys" and the "Florida Reef Tract" (perhaps better described as the Florida Keys Reef Tract).  Essentially, the Florida Keys are and emergent portion of an ancient reef environment (100,000 years) which extends south and westward from the southeastern tip of Florida approximately 200 km (320 km if you include the Marquesas and Dry Tortugas National Park - 60 and 120 km to the west of Key West) .  Geologically, the islands are comprised of two carbonate formations, The Miami Oolite formation and the Key Largo Limestone formation.  The Key Largo formation extends the length of the Keys to the Tortugas.  However, the Miami formation overlies the Keys Largo formation in the area we call the Lower Florida Keys (approximately the last 48 km of the connected islands - see next).  The Keys form a crescent shaped archipelago of some 200-300 islands.  The core of the archipelago, some 45 islands, are connected to the mainland of Florida by 43 bridges.  They are the islands upon which we live. Between the Keys and mainland Florida lies Florida Bay and to the South, the Florida Keys Reef Tract.
The Florida Keys Reef Tract is the living reef environment that we see today and lies approximately 7-9 km south of the Keys and parallels the island archipelago.  It is bounded on the south side by the Straights of Florida and the Gulf Stream.  The emergent ancient reef and the existing living reef lie parallel to one another as a result of the changes in sea level that have occurred over the past 100,000 years and because the Continental Shelf slopes gently south and westward in this area.  Because Florida in general has a very low lying topography, Florida has existed in a variation of its current emergent state or a largely submerged state during its recent geologic history.
I might note; the Florida Keys would hardly rank with some of the rapid evolutionary environments of say the Galapagos, but they comprise a wonderful mix of tropical Caribbean flora and temperate North American fauna and exhibit a significant number of endemic species or sub-species.  A very interesting place to work.
-----Original Message-----
From:	Menchie Ablan [SMTP:M.ABLAN@CGIAR.ORG]
Sent:	Thursday, October 08, 1998 3:37 AM
To:	George S. Garrett
Subject:	On Florida Keys and the Florida Reef Tract
Dear George,
Hi!  I thought maybe you would be the person to ask regarding the difference
between the terms Florida Keys and Florida Reef Tract.  ReefBase, a global
database on coral reefs, records information on a wide range of coral reef
information (e.g. ecology, harvest, mariculture, socioeconomics, stresses,
coastal tourism and management).  We have been encountering both these terms
in the literature but have some difficulty distinguishing one term from the
other.  Maybe you can give us some insight into this.
Your help  will be very much appreciated.
Sincerely,
Menchie Ablan
ReefBase
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management
P.O. Box 2631, 0718 Makati City, Philippines
Fax:      63-2-8163183
Ph:  63-2-8180466 ext 315
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  8 15:42:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA23807; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 15:42:07 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA09524; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 15:49:27 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009488; Thu, 8 Oct 98 15:48:46 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA06580; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 18:43:58 GMT
Message-Id: <199810081843.SAA06580@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 7 Oct 1998 14:21:04 -0400 (EDT)
From: Amy PAINE <paine@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Conference Notice: CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND , RESTORATION, April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL (fwd)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 575
Please post.
Dear Coral Reef Colleagues,
Here is an announcement and call for papers for what we feel will be a very
interesting April 14-16, 1999 Conference. Please check the indicated web
site or write for more info.
**************************************************************************
ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS:
International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
14-16 April 1999 Ft. Lauderdale, FL USA
Organized by the National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
Purpose: To develop a scientific synthesis of assessment, monitoring, and
restoration designed for enhanced understanding and management of all
aspects of coral reefs. This conference seeks to also identify emerging
concepts and to describe new and innovative scientific and technological
approaches.
Format: The conference will include invited keynote and plenary talks,
contributed papers in three concurrent sessions, a poster session, and
workshops.
Abstracts:  Abstract submission information is available on the web or will
be mailed upon request. A special peer-reviewed publication of Plenary
Talks and selected Contributed Papers is planned.
Registration: Early registration fees apply before 1 January 1999. There is
a significant student discount. Registration includes the Conference
program of invited Keynote, Plenary Talks, Contributed Papers, Poster
Session, Abstract Book, opening reception, closing banquet, poster
reception, continental breakfast and break refreshments for each of the
three days.
Venue: The Radisson Bahia Mar Beach Resort is located in the heart of Ft.
Lauderdale, Florida. Special conference rates are available.
For more information on the conference and for registration please check
the web at:
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
or contact:
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.
Dania, FL 33004 USA
ncriconfinfo@mako.ocean.nova.edu
PHONE: 954-920-1909
Fax: 954-921-7764
**************************************************************************
Thank you.
Amy Paine, Assistant, Administrative Operations
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 920-1909; fax (954)-921-7764
NSU OC web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/
NOTICE: International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct  8 16:09:27 1998
Return-Path: <jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA24334 for <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 16:09:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA11167; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 16:16:43 -0400
Received: from unknown(200.34.21.66) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011068; Thu, 8 Oct 98 16:16:00 -0400
Received: from capurro.cieamer.conacyt.mx (capurro.cieamer.conacyt.mx [148.247.23.200])
	by cieamer.conacyt.mx (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id PAA01223
	for <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 8 Oct 1998 15:15:29 -0600 (CST)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19981008202210.0066745c@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
X-Sender: jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Thu, 08 Oct 1998 15:22:10 -0500
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov
From: Humberto <jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
Subject: Coral bleanching
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA24334
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 576
DearSirs. Two weeks ago as part of my doctoral dissertation I did some
sampling in the coral reef of Mahahual ,in the Mexican Caribbean close to
the city of Chetumal.The water temperature in this place wincreased from 82
to88 F (27.7 to31.1 C). While diving nears the crest of reef I noticed clear
pale corals. genus Mantastrea  , Porites and Agarica which looks as
bleaching. I have sampoles of those corals as well as color slides.Looks
like the first report of bleaching in Mexico.
                        Jose humberto Alvarez hernandez
                        Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
                        unidad Merida. Merida Yucatan, Mexico.
                        Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6 C.P. 97310.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct  9 13:43:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA06006; Fri, 9 Oct 1998 13:43:12 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA20725; Fri, 9 Oct 1998 13:50:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020694; Fri, 9 Oct 98 13:50:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA14468; Fri, 9 Oct 1998 16:37:51 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA14462; Fri, 9 Oct 1998 12:37:44 -0400
Received: from [146.164.124.8] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA45044; Fri, 9 Oct 1998 13:24:39 -0300
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 1998 13:24:39 -0300
Message-Id: <9810091624.AA45044@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for new histological methods
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 577
        Dear coral-listers,
        I'm currently working with the reproductive biology of Montastrea
cavernosa. I'm looking for a technique to stain fully developed oocites so
that they become visible through mesenteries walls under dissecting
microscope. I'm currently making some tests with Yellow Naphtalene. Does
anybody have used this stain before? How do I prepare it? Does anyone have
any other suitable methods? (I'm already trying Sudam III) I would apreciate
any kind of tips, suggestions, references or books that you might be aware
of. Thanks a lot.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 12 17:31:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA25725; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:31:29 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23622; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:38:56 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023617; Mon, 12 Oct 98 17:38:46 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA10647; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 20:47:30 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA10642; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 16:47:25 -0400
Received: from localhost (jogden@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id QAA01970
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 16:46:12 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1998 16:46:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: ICRS 2000 Indonesia
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.02.9810121641510.1870-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 578
Many people are asking me as President of the International Society for
Reef Studies (ISRS) about the next International Coral Reef Symposium
(ICRS) to be held in Indonesia in October of the year 2000.  The first
circular has been mailed.  You may pre-register on line at:
	www.osceanologi.lipi.go.id
Click on Seminar to get to the registration materials.
************   PLEASE NOTE NEW TELEPHONE AREA CODE   727 ************
John C. Ogden, Director                 Phone:    727/553-1100
Florida Institute of Oceanography       Fax:      727/553-1109
830 First Street South                  Homepage: www.marine.usf.edu/FIO/
St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 USA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 12 17:48:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA25878; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:48:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23795; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:56:00 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023790; Mon, 12 Oct 98 17:55:41 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA10895; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 21:23:52 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA10890; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:23:49 -0400
From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
Received: (qmail 8162 invoked from network); 12 Oct 1998 21:22:36 -0000
Received: from gnsbrg.rsmas.miami.edu (129.171.103.80)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 12 Oct 1998 21:22:36 -0000
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19981012172456.007c54d0@mail.rsmas.miami.edu>
X-Sender: ginsburg@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Mon, 12 Oct 1998 17:24:56 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Florida Reef Tract
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 579
 Clarifying the use of "Florida Reef Tract"
I believe T. Wayland Vaughan first used Florida Reef Tract in his 1914
paper "The Building of the Marquesas and Tortugas Atolls and a Sketch of
the Geologic History of the Florida Reef Tract" Papers from the Tortugas
Laboratory, V.5, Carnegie Inst. of Washington, 55-67.
I followed Vaughan's usage to include the entire  reef-bearing area seaward
of the Florida Keys to the seaward edge of reef development in two
published papers:  Ginsburg, Robert N., 1956, Bull. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum
Geologists, 40: 2384-2427 and Ginsburg, R.N. et al, 1963 in Hill, M.N. The
Sea, v. 3:554-582  John Wiley, New York .  In the second paper,  a diagram
indicated that the Reef Tract extended to the Florida Keys.
It has been suggested that the Florida Reef Tract is limited to those reefs
along the bank or shelf margin.  I believe this restricted usage of the
term is inappropriate given the original definitions.  In addition,
restricting the term to the bank margin reefs would omit the patch reefs
between the Keys and the bank margin which are by far the most numerous of
all Florida's reefs.
Robert N. Ginsburg
Professor of Marine Geology
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4875  FAX: (305) 361-4094 or 4632
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 00:36:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA27709; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 00:36:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA28140; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 00:44:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028132; Tue, 13 Oct 98 00:44:05 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA13146; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 03:33:09 GMT
Received: from gemini.uninet.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA13137; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 23:32:59 -0400
Received: from uninet.net.id (ln2-5744822.uninet.net.id [202.145.1.104])
	by gemini.uninet.net.id (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA11798
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:31:28 +0700 (GMT)
Message-ID: <3622C97A.B78FD2A2@uninet.net.id>
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:31:07 +0700
From: Jonathan Simon <cii@uninet.net.id>
Organization: Chemonics International
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.03 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Indonesia coral reef monitoring position
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 580
To: Members of the Coral List
From: Jonathan Simon, Chemonics International, Jakarta
Greetings from Indonesia. This email is to announce an opening for a
coral reef monitoring specialist, to work for 24 months in Indonesia.
First, let me quickly introduce myself. I'm Jonathan Simon, and I'm the
Asia Project Director for Chemonics International. Chemonics is a U.S.
development consulting firm that carries out projects in the
environmental and other sectors around the world. I lead our regional
office here in Indonesia.
Chemonics has been invited by the Indonesian government to submit a
proposal for the Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project, a
three-year effort focusing on coral reef management and coral reef
monitoring systems & databases.
We are curently putting together our team and need a coral reef
monitoring specialist to work for 24 months over the three-year project
life. Tasks to be carried out include the following:
* Design and help institutionalize monitoring protocols for coral reef
and fishery resources.
* Estabilsh Coral Reef Information & Training Centers in several
locations.
* Advise procedures for coral & coastal data collection, mapping,
database management. * Provide hands-on training to local government &
community monitoring teams.
Required qualifications include:
* 7 years work in tropical marine evironments (preferably Indonesia & SE
Asia).
* Familiarity with and ease in using GPS and recent information
technology.
* Ability to design and implement a coral reef monitoring program.
* Working knowledge of Bahasa Indonesia.
Assuming things stay relatively on schedule, we expect the project to
begin around March 1999. For those interested and qualified individuals,
please contact my office directly, and I will send a full Terms of
Reference and other relevant information. I can be reached at the
following numbers:
Chemonics International
Jakarta, Indonesia
62-21-251-2357 ph
62-21-251-2358 f
cii@uninet.net.id
Thank you for your attention. I look forward to hearing from some of
you.
Best regards,
Jonathan Simon
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 02:49:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA28179; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 02:49:09 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA29566; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 02:56:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029559; Tue, 13 Oct 98 02:56:28 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA13237; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 03:51:05 GMT
Received: from mozcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA13232; Mon, 12 Oct 1998 23:50:59 -0400
Received: from mlsucrm.mozcom.com ([208.160.233.143])
	by mozcom.com (8.8.8/8.8.6) with SMTP id LAA11448
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:49:37 +0800 (HKT)
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:49:37 +0800 (HKT)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.16.19981013115743.323fad78@mozcom.com>
X-Sender: mlsucrm@mozcom.com (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (16)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "SU Marine Lab, COE-CRM Project" <mlsucrm@mozcom.com>
Subject: Re: Animal symbiosis
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 581
JCH:
Hi!
I am currently working on animal symbiosis particularly on giant clams and
I tried to browse the address you gave on Zooxanthellae photommicrographs
but it didn't go throug.
I just want to know if you have other sites on the web related to this
subject, i hope you can furnish us. It would be very beneficial for my study.
Thank you.
Wendell
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 06:13:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA28875; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 06:13:39 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA01252; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 06:21:06 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001247; Tue, 13 Oct 98 06:20:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA15085; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 09:37:44 GMT
Received: from mail.nnm.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA15080; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 05:37:39 -0400
Received: by mail.nnm.nl with Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
	id <RRV5QN34>; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:32:05 +0200
Message-ID: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA79371F45@mail.nnm.nl>
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: "'John Ogden'" <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>,
        Coral-List
	 <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: registration ICRS 2000 Indonesia
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:32:03 +0200
X-Priority: 3
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 582
There is an error in the address given in the previous message.
The real address for registration is:
Http://www.oseanologi.lipi.go.id/english.htm
Click on "seminar"
Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
Co-ordinator Sea Research (Fauna Malesiana Marina)
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.71.5687631
Fax: +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl
> -----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
> Van:	John Ogden [SMTP:jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu]
> Verzonden:	maandag 12 oktober 1998 22:46
> Aan:	Coral-List
> Onderwerp:	ICRS 2000 Indonesia
>
>
> Many people are asking me as President of the International Society
> for
> Reef Studies (ISRS) about the next International Coral Reef Symposium
> (ICRS) to be held in Indonesia in October of the year 2000.  The first
> circular has been mailed.  You may pre-register on line at:
>
> 	www.osceanologi.lipi.go.id
>
> Click on Seminar to get to the registration materials.
>
> ************   PLEASE NOTE NEW TELEPHONE AREA CODE   727 ************
>
> John C. Ogden, Director                 Phone:    727/553-1100
> Florida Institute of Oceanography       Fax:      727/553-1109
> 830 First Street South                  Homepage:
> www.marine.usf.edu/FIO/
> St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 USA
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 10:08:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA03309; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:08:53 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA09846; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:16:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009834; Tue, 13 Oct 98 10:15:47 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA16813; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 13:27:20 GMT
Received: from xena.acsu.buffalo.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA16808; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 09:27:13 -0400
Received: (qmail 16861 invoked by uid 37136); 13 Oct 1998 13:25:56 -0000
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 09:25:56 -0400 (EDT)
From: Timothy D Swain <tswain@acsu.buffalo.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981013092233.15083A-100000@xena.acsu.buffalo.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 583
Announcement:
	New marine science program in the West Indies!!!
	The Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology os offering summer and
semester long courses at it's new field station in Dominica.  For course
and application information check out the web site at www.ccpc.net/~sccs
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 11:20:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA04787; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:20:20 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA12764; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:27:47 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012746; Tue, 13 Oct 98 11:26:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA17245; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 14:24:48 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA17240; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:24:43 -0400
Received: from localhost (jogden@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id KAA21282
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:23:23 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 10:23:23 -0400 (EDT)
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Global Coral Bleaching 1997-1998
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.02.9810131017560.20638-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 584
The following is a scientific consensus statement developed within the
Council of the International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS) following our
meeting in Perpignan, France in early September.  It will be published in
the Society's newsletter REEF ENCOUNTER in December 1998.
*********************************************************************
International Society for Reef Studies
October 15, 1998
ISRS Statement on Global Coral Bleaching in 1997-1998
During 1997-98, reports of coral bleaching from all the major
tropical oceans of the world suggested that this time period had
seen the most geographically widespread bleaching ever recorded,
with some areas (eg. Singapore, and the Andaman Islands) witnessing
extensive bleaching for the first time in recent history.  Coral
bleaching has been described in at least 32 countries and island
nations in 1997-98; with reports from sites in the Pacific, Indian
Ocean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Mediterranean and Caribbean recording
widespread bleaching. The bleaching response represents a loss of
symbiotic algae and/or their pigments such that the coral may pale
in color to a varying extent, or turn starkly white.  Paling of
some coral species is an observed seasonal phenomenon in the
Pacific, Indian Ocean, and also the Caribbean.  Where bleaching is
seasonal, or less severe, the likelihood of full recovery of
pigmentation is high.  In the present bleaching episode the
response has been exceptionally severe with a large number of
corals turning completely white and subsequently dying.
Mass bleaching normally occurs when seasonally maximal sea-surface
temperatures (SST) are exceeded.  The likely triggers of bleaching
are elevated SST and solar radiation.  Research has indicated that
these factors act in combination, rather than alone.  Additional
causes of bleaching such as extreme low tides and reduced
salinities have also been implicated at some sites in 1998.
The occurrence of bleaching at many locations has been patchy with
more severe bleaching recorded in shallow waters than at deeper
offshore sites.  Not only hard and soft corals, but also sea
anemones, zoanthids, giant clams, foraminifera and many other
zooxanthellate invertebrates are affected by the loss of their
symbiotic algae. Corals can recover from bleaching but death may
result if environmental stressors are extreme and/or prolonged. In
the Indo-Pacific fast-growing, branching corals are more
susceptible to bleaching than slow-growing boulder corals, leading
to a high mortality in the former.  Recovery of boulder corals has
been frequently recorded in 1998, often within 1-2 months of
initial bleaching.  In the Caribbean, however, greater
bleaching-related mortality has been shown in boulder and
plate-like corals rather than in branching species, which had
already suffered extensive mortality from storms, diseases and
terrestrial run-off.  In the Indo-Pacific the susceptibility of
different corals to bleaching can significantly affect coral
community structure and diversity, depress the rate at which the
reef builds up, and reduce habitat availability for other reef
species.  Previous cases of bleaching-induced mortality from 1993
in the Pulau Seribu (Java Sea) and from 1996 in the Similan Islands
(eastern Indian Ocean) have provided examples of community change.
At both sites shallow parts of the reef have been temporarily
transformed from being a mixture of branching and boulder corals to
areas in which virtually only the boulder corals survive.  During
the current 1998 bleaching, one reef on the Australian Great
Barrier Reef has been so severely affected that even many of the
robust boulder corals (one of them dated as over 700 years of age)
were badly damaged or died.  Complete recovery of reefs following
severe bleaching is dependent on growth and fragmentation of
remaining corals, and on recruitment from stocks in the area.
Evidence shows that restoration of the reef to its former state may
be slow or, if interrupted by man-made change, may even be halted
altogether.
Links have been made between the widespread incidence of coral
bleaching in 1997/98 with one of the strongest El Ninos of this
century.  While past and present coral bleaching events in many
parts of the Pacific appear to be closely matched to El
Nino-induced seawater warming, the connections are not clear-cut
for all locations in the Pacific.  Nor can bleaching in Indian and
Atlantic waters be directly linked to only El Nino phenomena.
Factors responsible for elevated SSTs in the Indian Ocean, for
example, are likely to be the result of a complex product of El
Nino-related, monsoonal and local oceanographic factors which are
superimposed on interdecadal patterns in climate variability.
Links between the apparent changing nature and frequency of the El
Nino phenomena and global climate change have also been made but
are the subject of controversial debate among climatologists with
many suggesting that present patterns reflect the natural
variability of the system rather than the effects of greenhouse
gas-induced warming.  For some of the tropical oceans significant
increases in SST have been observed over the last 50 years.
Concerns about the potential effect of global change on future
frequencies of severe bleaching events are based on the narrow
upper margin of environmental tolerance in corals.  While corals
display impressive acclimation processes to changes in some
environmental parameters, it is not known whether they are able to
adapt or acclimatize at rates which match the projected rates of
background seawater temperature increase. Should seawater
temperatures rise, either as a result of greenhouse gas emissions
or natural variability in the ocean/atmosphere system, then we
might expect the incidence and severity of coral bleaching to
increase yet further in the future with the possibility of
substantial changes to the coral reef community structure.
The 1997-98 episode of worldwide bleaching is a major cause for
concern.  Although sea temperatures have returned to normal in many
tropical areas of the world the full extent of bleaching-induced
mortality may not be fully apparent for several months yet.
********** End of ISRS Statement **********
The International Society for Reef Studies (ISRS), consisting of
over 750 members in over 50 countries, was founded in 1981 for the
purpose of promoting the production and dissemination of scientific
knowledge and understanding of coral reefs, both living and fossil.
The ISRS publishes the scientific journal CORAL REEFS and holds
periodic meetings around the world. Further information as well as
membership details can be found at: www.uncwil.edu/isrs
For Further Information Contact:
John C. Ogden, Ph.D., ISRS President
Florida Institute of Oceanography
830 First Street South
St. Petersburg, FL  33701 USA
Tel: 727-553-1100
Email: jogden@marine.usf.edu
        OR
Terence C. Done, Ph.D., ISRS President Elect
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB 3, Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
AUSTRALIA
Tel: 61-77-534-344
Email: t.done@aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 12:25:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA05974; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 12:25:08 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA16880; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 12:32:36 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016841; Tue, 13 Oct 98 12:31:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA17740; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 15:46:40 GMT
Received: from callisto.acsu.buffalo.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA17735; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:46:36 -0400
Received: (qmail 26413 invoked by uid 37136); 13 Oct 1998 15:45:17 -0000
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 11:45:16 -0400 (EDT)
From: Timothy D Swain <tswain@acsu.buffalo.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981013114126.19845F-100000@callisto.acsu.buffalo.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 585
Announcement:
	New marine science program in West Indies!!!
The Institute for Tropical Marine Ecology is offering summer and semester
long courses at it's new field station in Dominica.  For course and
application information check out the web site at:
					http://www.ccpc.net/~sccs
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 13:00:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA06412; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 13:00:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA19879; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 13:07:52 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019854; Tue, 13 Oct 98 13:07:32 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA17999; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 16:16:38 GMT
Received: from linus.ngs.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA17993; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 12:16:34 -0400
Received: from ocean.nos.noaa.gov (ocean.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.168.102])
	by linus.ngs.noaa.gov (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id MAA23583
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 12:10:43 -0400 (EDT)
Message-ID: <n1303841572.25459@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Date: 13 Oct 1998 12:20:08 -0400
From: "Schmahl, G." <gschmahl@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>
Subject: Florida Keys Hurricane Impacts
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP for Quarterdeck Mail; Version 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id NAA06412
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 586
Staff of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary have made a quick, qualitative survey of some coral reefs of the lower Florida Keys following hurricane Georges.  To date, the following reefs have been surveyed:  Looe Key, Maryland Shoal, Western Sambos, Eastern Dry Rocks, Rock Key and Sand Key.  All of these reefs exhibited hurricane related impacts.  In general the center of the storm injury appeared to be at Western Sambos reef, with lesser amounts observed in either direction.  The power of the storm in this region was impressive.  Large amounts of sediment and rubble have been moved around.  In some cases 2 feet or more of sediment has been removed from the grooves between the coral spurs and deposited on the reef flat and back reef areas.  Many navigational markers were knocked down by the storm.  Marker 24, a cluster of five steel I-beams at Looe Key is still embedded in the substrate, but bent over at a 90 degree angle on the sea floor.  Many of the other reef markers are also down including ones at Western Sambo, Maryland Shaol, Coffins Patch and Newfound Harbor.  One survey site marker for the EPA coral monitoring program, which is a 1 inch square stainless steel stake drilled and epoxied into the reef substrate, was observed to be bent over and cracked at the base.
Hurricane impacts were observed down to 70 feet (Looe Key) and 60 feet (Western Sambo). However, in general, the impoacts at these depths were relatively minimal. At these locations the tops of many barrel sponges (Xestospongia muta) were sheared off.  There was also evidence of movement of sediment and rubble, and a few coral heads were toppled.  One significant observation is that all reefs, including the deeper ones, have been essentially "scoured" of most benthic macroalgae (with the exception of Halimeda).  Prior to the storm, it had been observed that there was an unusually abundant amount of benthic algae, primarily Dictyota, on all reefs.  This algae is gone now, giving the reef a "clean" appearance that I have not observed in many years.
The fore reef zone of these spur and groove reefs also, in general, look pretty good.  As already mentioned, a large amount of sediment and rubble has been removed from the grooves.  I observed a number of coral heads, some quite large (2 meters high), that were broken off and lying in the grooves.  There seemed to be a quite substantial amount of this at the west end of Looe Key, where I also observed a portion of a reef spur that had cracked off and incompletely separated from the reef.  Again, most of the benthic macroalgae on the fore reef is now gone.  Acropora palmata on the fore reef was impacted (major branches boken off, etc.) but for the most part survived.
The major imacts to the surveyed reefs occurred in the shallow reef zones.  All reefs surveyed sustained significant injury to Acropora palmata populations which were located in the shallow reef flat and back reef environments.  In some areas, such as Western Sambo and Looe Key, the elkhorn coral has been eliminated from portions of the reef flat and back reef areas.  I was surprised by the lack of broken branches and other rubble material in these areas - it has been simply swept away.  However, there are some surviving bases at both reefs that can act as a population source for regeneration, as well as some broken pieces that could reattach. Losses of palmata at Western Sambo in this zone is probbably greater than 50%.  At Looe Key the only palmata fragments I could find on the reef flat was at the western end of the reef. The extensive palmata zone at Rock Key was heavily impacted, but there appeared to be many more colony bases intact and broken pieces around than at Western Sambo.  A large amount of newly exposed rubble has been redeposited on the reef flat.  This newly exposed material, which is yellowish white, has been rapidly colonized by a fine, filamentous green algae, which in some cases is quite heavy, giving some areas a greenish hue when observed from the surface.
These are only "quick look" observations.  Further surveys are ongoing.  The FKNMS is fortunate in that there are a number of quantitative monitoring stations on these and other reefs that have been established in recent years.  These stations will be re-surveyed to give a more detailed account of hurricane impacts.
G.P. Schmahl, Lower Keys Regional Manager
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
216 Ann St., Key West, FL   33040
(305) 292-0311
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 13 16:00:44 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA08729; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 16:00:42 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA00791; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 16:08:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000782; Tue, 13 Oct 98 16:07:23 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA19089; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 18:43:30 GMT
Received: from ns1.fisheries.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA19082; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 14:43:11 -0400
Received: from host.fisheries.org by ns1.fisheries.org (NTMail 3.02.04) id oa033138; Tue, 13 Oct 1998 18:43:59 +0000
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19981013184315.006e2c9c@mail.fisheries.org>
X-Sender: fisheries@mail.fisheries.org (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Date: Tue, 13 Oct 1998 14:43:15 -0400
To: FISH-SCI-REQUEST@segate.sunet.se, FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se, ACN-L@acn.ca,
        coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov,
        marmam@uvvm.uvic.ca, FWIM-L@listserv.vt.edu, ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu
From: American Fisheries Society <fisheries@fisheries.org>
Subject: AFS CALL FOR PAPERS
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id QAA08729
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 587
1999 American Fisheries Society
August 29- September 2, 19999
Charlotte, North Carolina
ALL FOR PAPERS
"Integrating Fishery Principles from Mountain to Marine Habitats" Is Theme
of 1999 Annual Meeting
Deadlines
Symposia Proposals: 4 December 1998
Abstracts for Contributed Papers and Posters: 8 January 1999
Abstracts for Symposia Speakers: 12 February 1999
The American Fisheries Society (AFS) announces the first call for its 129th
Annual Meeting, to be held at the Adams Mark Hotel and Conference Center in
Charlotte, North Carolina. The meeting theme is "Integrating Fishery
Principles from Mountain to Marine Habitats." In the last quarter of the
twentieth century, public awareness of environmental issues has grown
exponentially and increased the demand for healthy aquatic ecosystems.
Fisheries scientists and managers have responded by broadening both the
disciplinary and geographic scope of their work. The fisheries professional
of today may have training in human dimensions, engineering, or veterinary
medicine as well as in traditional fisheries subjects. Fisheries
professionals frequently work in teams to address complex, large-scale
issues involving entire ecosystems. Organizers of the 1999 Annual Meeting
encourage all fisheries professionals to share their particular experience
and expertise. We also encourage participation by junior scientists and
students representing the diversity of our profession.
Contributed Papers and Posters
The scientific program will include two types of sessions: contributed
paper/poster sessions and symposia (including workshops or panel
discussions). Oral presentations will be limited to 20 minutes; the
recommended format is a 15-minute presentation using 2"x 2" slides followed
by a 5-minute question-and-answer period. In symposia sessions, 2 time slots
(total 40 minutes) may be used for a keynote speaker or panel. This
flexibility will enable symposia organizers to develop the best program
possible while permitting attendees to take advantage of various
presentations in concurrent sessions.
The Program Committee for the 1999 AFS Annual Meeting invites abstracts for
contributed papers and posters. Abstracts must follow the required format
and must be received by 8 January 1999. Submissions by e-mail or 3.5"
diskette (MAC or DOS format) are highly encouraged.
Symposia
Proposals for symposia will be accepted from individuals or groups. Topics
should be related to the 1999 meeting theme or be of general interest to AFS
members. Symposium organizers will serve as session moderators and will be
responsible for recruiting speakers and soliciting abstracts. Symposia
proposals should be submitted by e-mail or 3.5" diskette and must be
received no later than 4 December 1998. Proposals must comply with the
format for symposia described here. Organizers of provisionally accepted
symposia must submit a completed outline showing confirmed speakers and
titles before final acceptance on or before 15 January 1999. Abstracts for
approved symposia speakers (in the same format as contributed papers) are
due by 12 February 1999.
Format for 1999 Symposia Proposals
(1) TITLE: Brief but descriptive.
(2) ORGANIZER(S): Provide name, address, phone, FAX, and e-mail for all
organizers. Indicate by asterisk the name of the person who should be
contacted regarding acceptance and scheduling of the proposed symposium.
(3) DESCRIPTION: In 300 words or less, describe the problem addressed by the
proposed symposium, the objective of the symposium, and the impact the
proposed symposium will have on AFS members and participants.
(4) FORMAT: Indicate format and length of proposed symposium (for example, a
full-day session with 15 speakers followed by a 2-hour panel discussion; a
2-hour session with 5 speakers).
(5) MODERATOR: Identify who will serve as moderator for the symposium.
(6) AUDIOVISUAL NEEDS: List anticipated audiovisual requirements (for
example, a video cassette recorder projector or slide projector). Also, list
special seating requirements (for example, "After break a panel discussion
with seating for 10 panel members will be needed").
(7) SPEAKERS AND TOPICS: Using the following column headings, provide the
name, potential title or topic, and confirmed status for each speaker.
Name Title/Topic Confirmed (yes/no)
1.
2.
(8) SPONSOR(S): A sponsor is not required, but if applicable, indicate
sponsorship.
Format for Abstracts
All abstracts for contributed papers, symposia, and posters must be
submitted electronically using the format depicted in the accompanying
example. Please keep titles brief but descriptive; list all authors, their
addresses, phone and FAX numbers, and e-mail addresses, and indicate the
presenter with an asterisk. The body of the abstract is restricted to 200
words. If you are submitting a contributed paper or poster, indicate your
preference for Oral Presentation, Poster Presentation, or Oral Presentation
Preferred/Poster Presentation Acceptable. Poster submissions are highly
encouraged due to limited space available in the program. A poster session
will be scheduled to permit discussions between poster authors and
attendees. Also, please indicate which of the categories best fits the
concept of your abstract in the "Topic" line of the abstract. This will aid
the Program Committee in organizing contributed sessions and will prevent
conflicts with concurrent talks.
An Example Abstract for the 1999 AFS Annual Meeting
C. Andrew Dolloff* (USFS-SRS Coldwater Fisheries Unit, Department of
Fisheries and Wildlife, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321;
540/231-4864; FAX 540/213-7580; afs99@vt.edu)
Robert F. Carline (USGS-BRD Cooperative Fisheries Research Unit, School of
Forest Resources, 113 Merkle Building, Pennsylvania State University, State
College, PA 16802; 814/865-4511; FAX 814/863-4710; afs1998@psu.edu)
Abstracts are used by the Program Committee to evaluate and select papers
for inclusion in the scientific and technical sessions of the 1999 AFS
Annual Meeting. An informative abstract contains a statement of the problem
and its significance, study objectives, principal findings, and key
conclusions. Abstracts should be 200 words or less and conform to the
prescribed format.
Topic: Fisheries management
Preference: Oral presentation preferred/poster presentation acceptable
Author(s) Status and Association to AFS:
Name Status  AFS Member
1. C. A. Dolloff professional yes
2. R. F. Carline professional yes
General Topics for Contributed Papers and Posters
Fisheries Management, Aquatic Communities and Ecosystems, Human Dimensions
of Fisheries, Policy, Education, Fish Health, Genetics, Physiology, Fish
Culture, Habitat and Water Quality, Population Dynamics, Statistics and
Modeling, Marine Fish Ecology, Freshwater Fish Ecology, Bioengineering,
Other (please specify).
Who to Contact
Submit all materials (symposium proposals, contributed paper abstracts, and
poster abstracts) via e-mail to C. Andrew Dolloff at afs99@vt.edu. Format
all submissions in WordPerfect (version 8.0 or earlier), Word (version 6.0
or earlier), or ASCII; use a standard 12-point font and left justification
only. If you do not have access to e-mail, submit a 3.5" floppy disk or, as
a last resort, a hard copy to C. Andrew Dolloff, Department of Fisheries and
Wildlife, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0321. Late submissions and
facsimiles will not be accepted.
The American Fisheries Society does not waive registration fees for
symposia, workshop, or contributed session participants.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 14 09:01:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA14289; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 09:01:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA19639; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 09:09:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019618; Wed, 14 Oct 98 09:08:26 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA25584; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 12:23:13 GMT
Received: from mozcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA25579; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 08:23:07 -0400
Received: from valuedcu ([208.142.143.163])
	by mozcom.com (8.8.8/8.8.6) with SMTP id UAA26357
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 20:21:42 +0800 (HKT)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19981014202124.00687a64@mozcom.com>
X-Sender: coralcay@mozcom.com (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1998 20:34:25 +0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Pamela L. Coscolluela" <coralcay@mozcom.com>
Subject: Species specific- Bleaching.
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 588
Dear Coral listers,
I am very interested in knowing why some species/life forms are more prone
to bleaching than others eg. foliose spp, pachyseris spp, pavona clavus,
tabulate acroporas, seriatopora hystrix, stylophora pistillata. If any one
can enlighten me a little more, or knows of a good source to find this
information, especially information on species specific recovery rates etc
I would be most appreciative.
I Look forward to any comments. Please respond to coraycay@mozcom.com - and
mark for the attention of Gillian Goby.
		Cheers, Gillian.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 14 15:02:47 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA22259; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 15:02:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA13064; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 15:10:13 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013050; Wed, 14 Oct 98 15:09:56 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA28283; Wed, 14 Oct 1998 18:29:11 GMT
Message-Id: <199810141829.SAA28283@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 14 Oct 1998 20:25:13 -0700
From: BELYOHA <belyoha@emirates.net.ae>
Subject: First Time but Need Help
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 589
I am a lonely biologist in the United Arab Emirates and need some help for a
small group of active Emirate national divers.  They have been asked to help
remove - crown-of-thorns starfish from reefs in the Sharjah Emirate, Khor
Fakkan coast on the west end of the Gulf of Oman.  I am seeking any
contacts, assistance, pointers on how best to remove the creatures.  We are
also trying to figure out why/how they became so prominent and perhaps
expanding in the western end of the Gulf of Oman and into the Arab/Persian
Gulf.
We are also asking for assistance from the Australians and I wanted to find
out if there are any guidance from other areas of the globe.
We can mobilise about 20 divers for two weeks and once they are familiar
with the conditions and procedures they will become the teachers/masters for
other groups.
We will try to do some science along the way and hopefully the local
agencies will support the effort for at least one year to see how and where
it goes.
Please advise on any tricks or cautions you might have for the COTS or other
stars/coral predators which might be applicable....
Thanks Alot - Dr. Tom Williams, UCB,1972....
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 15 09:17:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA00788; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 09:16:47 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA12481; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 09:24:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012459; Thu, 15 Oct 98 09:23:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA04852; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 11:51:40 GMT
Message-Id: <199810151151.LAA04852@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 16:10:02 +0800
From: pipuli@ozamiz.com
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral bleaching
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 590
Friends,
	This month, fishers of our organized groups consulted us about
corals dying in the area. Myself and Arjan (both marine biologists) went
for a dive to inspect (October 13).  We observed that the corals of the
entire DANAO BAY has suffered bleaching. Most of the soft corals were
affected, all turning white and rotting, some massive and submassive forms
(staghorn, brain type) colors turning violet and white. We also noticed
that the "fire corals" were not affected, maybe this is something to do
with ultraviolet rays, because of the pigmentation of the fire corals
(absorbs uv light),there is no effect, or maybe it has high tolerance or
has not shown any effect yet (not yet noticeable).
	The fishermen said that it started in September, we also heard
observations from neighboring islands in the Philippines (Bohol and
Dumaguete). With this, I would like to inquire if it is happening in other
places outside the Philippines, if it is, we may dealing with a global
situation.
Next week were trying to put it on our homepage
<italic><color><param>0000,0000,ffff</param><bigger>http://ozamiz.com/earthcalls/
</bigger></color></italic><bigger>try and visit the site.
</bigger>
Area of detection: DANAO BAY
		     Baliangao, Misamis Occidental
	    	     Philippines
Any help!!!
jade fraser
researcher
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 15 13:14:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA07021; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 13:12:48 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA27048; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 13:20:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027018; Thu, 15 Oct 98 13:20:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA07104; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 16:19:23 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA07099; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 12:19:17 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA05343 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 12:12:30 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA23496; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 12:19:58 -0400
Received: from kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx(200.34.21.66) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023468; Thu, 15 Oct 98 12:19:23 -0400
Received: from capurro.cieamer.conacyt.mx (capurro.cieamer.conacyt.mx [148.247.23.200])
	by cieamer.conacyt.mx (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id LAA12704
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 11:18:54 -0600 (CST)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19981015162546.0069f92c@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
X-Sender: jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 11:25:46 -0500
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
From: Humberto <jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
Subject: Coral Bleanching in Mexican Caribean
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 591
>Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 10:11:21 -0500
>coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
>From: Humberto <jalvarez@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx>
>Subject: Coral Bleanching in Mexican Caribean
>
>
>
>         Two weeks ago as part of my doctoral dissertation I did some
sampling in the coral reef of Mahahual ,in the Mexican Caribbean close to
the city of Chetumal.The water temperature in this place wincreased from 82
to88 F (27.7 to31.1 C). While diving nears the crest of reef I noticed clear
pale corals. genus Mantastrea  , Porites and Agarica which looks as
bleaching. I have sampoles of those corals as well as color slides.Looks
like the first report of bleaching in Mexico.
>
>                        Jose Humberto Alvarez Hernandez
>
>                        Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados del I.P.N.
>                        unidad Merida. Merida Yucatan, Mexico.
>                        Carretera Antigua a Progreso Km. 6 C.P. 97310.
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 15 18:26:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA10404; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 18:26:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA11358; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 18:34:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011329; Thu, 15 Oct 98 18:33:20 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA09039; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 21:39:37 GMT
Received: from dns.caribe.net.mx by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA09034; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 17:39:29 -0400
Received: from modem02.caribe.net.mx (modem02.caribe.net.mx [200.33.149.22]) by dns.caribe.net.mx (NTMail 3.02.13) with ESMTP id va222737 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 15 Oct 1998 16:28:56 -0500
X-Sender: oseana@mail.caribe.net.mx (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Shauna Slingsby <oseana@mail.caribe.net.mx>
Subject: design for bleaching monitoring
Date: Thu, 15 Oct 1998 16:28:56 -0500
X-Info: mail.caribe.net.mx
Message-Id: <21285639017588@caribe.net.mx>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 592
Dear coral experts,
I am writing from Akumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico and have just rejoined the
list serve after a computer crash.  I have unfortunately missed a great deal
of the bleaching discussion.  We are experiencing massive bleaching here and
I would like some advice on how to best document the change and recovery.
I have spoken with Pto. Morelos marine lab which is located a little north
of us.  I would like to ask for your advice and expertise in designing a
bleaching monitoring program.   Quadrants? Transects?  Size?  Number of
colonies/species?
I have a rough plan but any help would be greatly appreciated.
Thanks so much,
Shauna Slingsby
Shauna Slingsby
Program Director
Akumal Coral Reef Program
Centro Ecologico Akumal
Apdo. Postal #2
Akumal, Quintana Roo
Mexico   77760
tel: +52-987-59095
fax: +52-987-59091
email: oseana@mail.caribe.net.mx
website: http://www.geo.cornell.edu/cea/index.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 16 18:38:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA23719; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 18:38:33 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA27571; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 18:46:05 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027566; Fri, 16 Oct 98 18:45:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA18301; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 21:47:57 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA18296; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 17:47:52 -0400
Received: from localhost (melanie@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA09686
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 17:46:18 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Fri, 16 Oct 1998 17:46:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: Melanie Dotherow <melanie@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleaching in Belize
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.02.9810161741520.9290-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 593
Coral Bleaching Report:
Sept. 17 - 21, 1998. Barrier reef sites at Gallows Reef, Goffs Caye and
Alligator Caye and at Calabash Caye, Turneffe Atoll all showed moderate
bleaching levels qualitatively estimated at 25-30% affected (W. Jaap and
M. McField) at depths of 14-18m.
Sept. 23 - Oct. 7, 1998. Glovers reef atoll showed higher levels of
bleaching, quantitatively measured to be 76% affected along the western
fore reef (near Baking Swash) at 12-15m. The eastern fore reef near Long
Caye and the shallow patch reefs in the lagoon were qualitatively
estimated to be between 70-80% affected (M. McField). Partial tissue
mortality was evident in some colonies by early Oct., particularly in
Acropora cervicornis and palmata, Diploria labyrinthiformis, Montastrea
annularis, Millepora complanata, and Porites porites.
This is the second mass bleaching event in Belize, the first being in
1995. Some apparent differences between the 1995 and 1998 events:
1. While the general extent of bleaching may be comparable in 1995 and
1998, in 1995 bleaching was more evenly distributed throughout the reef,
while the severity of bleaching in 1998 appears to be greater in the
southern and northern (Ambergris) regions, compared to the central region
near Belize City. (Details of 1995 event are in press, M. McField, Bul.
Mar. Sci.)
2. The high incidence and severity of bleaching in acroporids (including
some mortality) observed thus far in the Glover's patch reefs was not
observed in 1995. Bleaching of acroporids and subsequent high mortality
(possibly associated with white line disease) was also reported from North
Ambergris Caye (G. Smith) in 1998. Acroporids were not severely affected
at either location in 1995. Overall, the  incidence of colonies
experiencing at least partial tissue mortality will likely be higher in
1998. In 1995, 10% of colonies were estimated (through a combination of
tagging studies and quantitative surveys) to have experienced at least
partial tissue mortality.
Oceanographic and climatic conditions were similar in Sept. 1995 and 1998,
with high water temperatures, low wind speeds, and exceptionally calm,
clear waters.
*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*..*
Melanie Dotherow McField	melanie@marine.usf.edu
Department of Marine Science	Tel: (727) 553-1615
University of South Florida	Fax: (727) 553-1189
140 Seventh Ave. South
St. Petersburg, FL  33701
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 17 00:17:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA25135; Sat, 17 Oct 1998 00:17:10 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA01755; Sat, 17 Oct 1998 00:24:42 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001748; Sat, 17 Oct 98 00:24:00 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA19934; Sat, 17 Oct 1998 02:51:12 GMT
Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA19925; Fri, 16 Oct 1998 22:51:04 -0400
Received: from clivepc.aims.gov.au (ppp-06.aims.gov.au [138.7.56.6])
	by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id MAA02956
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 17 Oct 1998 12:49:25 +1000 (EST)
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981017123612.0069bf50@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: cwilkins@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Sat, 17 Oct 1998 12:36:12 +1000
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Bleaching
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 594
List members
Next week I am finalising the text on coral bleaching around the world for publication before the International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Mangement Symposium (Townsville NOV-98)  - so ...
Those that replied, please provide any updates, particularly on recovery or mortality.
Those that have new information, please send to me.
The final report will be back on the coral-list in about 2 weeks; and  I will try to update it every few months. This report will be public information for use by anybody.
Thank you
Clive Wilkinson
<bigger>
><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ~~~ <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><<
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science
Tel: +61 7 4772 4314; Fax: +61 7 4772 2808 or 4772 5852
<<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< <<><< ~~~ ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<> ><<>
</bigger>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 09:40:30 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA07710; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 09:40:27 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA27894; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 09:48:04 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027834; Mon, 19 Oct 98 09:47:15 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA09317; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 12:23:10 GMT
Received: from gull.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA09308; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 08:23:05 -0400
Received: from [153.34.247.16] (1Cust16.tnt3.tco2.da.uu.net [153.34.247.16])
	by gull.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id FAA17264;
	Mon, 19 Oct 1998 05:20:51 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 05:20:51 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <v01540b01b250a53cad00@[153.34.247.16]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: ABBIE MEADOR <MEADOR.ABBIE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV>
From: katwini@earthlink.net (Kathryn Winiarski)
Subject: coral
Cc: Andrew McMains <amcmains@adweek.com>, bwiniarski@ccapr.com, billd@inch.com,
        csinderman@yahoo.com, Clary1982@aol.com,
        coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, debwini@pipeline.com, Skerro@aol.com,
        escobarg@washingtonpost.com, smithres@usca.usca.sc.edu,
        goreau@bestweb.net, Tomafrog@aol.com, Sirenians@aol.com,
        MARTIN LIPP <LIPP.MARTIN@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV>, walindi@datec.com.pg,
        TheMeadowman@msn.com, Wini2@aol.com, MYKOPHOTO@aol.com,
        "Karl Coplan" <kcoplan@genesis.law.pace.edu>,
        GeorgeP123 <GeorgeP123@aol.com>, andrea  rubin <abr13@columbia.edu>,
        pastrami@mail.lanline.com, swiniarski@shackandsiegel.com,
        Vincent Mallozzi <mallozzi@nytimes.com>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 595
hi,
just a note to let you know i have a story in today's (10/19) USA TODAY,
p.4, about coral reefs.
happy reading
*************************
Kathryn Winiarski
Reporter
USA TODAY - National News
kwiniarski@usatoday.com
*************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 12:07:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09833; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 12:07:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA10971; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 12:14:59 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010960; Mon, 19 Oct 98 12:14:51 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA10542; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 15:12:59 GMT
Received: from earth.usgcrp.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA10537; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 11:12:54 -0400
Received: from [198.116.134.12] (usgcrp12.usgcrp.gov [198.116.134.12])
	by earth.usgcrp.gov (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id LAA17504;
	Mon, 19 Oct 1998 11:08:42 -0400
X-Sender: tsocci@earth.usgcrp.gov
Message-Id: <v04003a10b2510801668e@[198.116.134.12]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 11:15:59 -0400
To: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci)
From: Tony Socci <tsocci@usgcrp.gov>
Subject: October 22, 1998 USGCRP Seminar: "Which World? - A Look at Three
 Plausible Trend-Based Scenarios of the Future"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 596
                         U.S. Global Change Research Program Seminar Series
  Which World? - A Look at Three Plausible Trend-Based Scenarios of the Future
                                                       Public Invited
                                  Thursday, October 22, 1998, 3:15-4:45 PM
                                    Dirksen Senate Office Bldg., Room G-11
                                                      Washington, DC
                                                  Reception Following
What is a scenario and how does it differ from a prediction?  What is the
rationale for selecting a finite set of scenarios of the world among a host
of possible scenarios?  Based on current trends, where might the world be
heading and what are the implications?
INTRODUCTION
Ms. Sherburne (Shere) Abbott, Executive Director, Board on Sustainable
Development, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC
Dr. Richard Moss, Head, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),
Working Group II (Assessment of Climate Change) Technical Support Group,
Washington, DC
SPEAKER
Dr. Allen Hammond, Director of Strategic Analysis, World Resources
Institute, Washington, DC
                                            Overview
Looking 50 years into the future, the scenarios described below are based,
in part, on the analysis of persistent long-term, demographic, economic,
social, environmental, and security trends on a global scale, as well as
persistent long-term trends for seven major regions of the world.  The
analysis is based upon country-by-country data from the World Bank, the
United Nations, the World Resources Institute, and other authoritative
sources.  It also employs scenarios to go beyond trends and explore more
complex possibilities for how the future may unfold scenarios that reflect
very different mindsets or world views as well as different trajectories
into the future.
The results of this analysis suggest that the future is contingent upon a
number of critical factors.  Some critical trends are positive but others
suggest that the world is moving toward a troubled future; the plausible
trajectories diverge sharply.  Any global destiny depends on regional
choices made separately in many different corners of the world.  The world
is already so strongly interdependent that no region's future can be fully
separate from that of others.  The U.S. and Canada, for example, have an
enormous stake in the fate of developing regions as these regions represent
future markets, potential sources of instability and new diseases, and are
settings for large-scale migrations.  Their cooperation is critical to
managing global environmental, social, and security challenges.  Although
the challenges are daunting, the results of this work suggest that there
are many opportunities to shape an improved world.
                  Three Plausible Scenarios of a Future World
The scenarios derived from this analysis are:
1) Market World - a future based on the belief that market forces and new
technology will lead to rising prosperity and will offer humanity a bright
future, a future in which markets rule and global corporations dominate.
In this scenario, economic reform and technological innovation fuel rapid
economic growth.  Developing regions are integrated into the global
economy, creating a powerful global market, and bringing modern techniques
and products to virtually all countries.  The result is widespread
prosperity, peace, and stability.  This vision of the future is explicitly
or implicitly endorsed by the vast majority of corporate leaders and
economic theorists whose voices appear to be bolstered by the failure of
centrally-planned economies.
2) Fortress World - a grimmer future in which islands of prosperity are
surrounded by oceans of poverty and despair, a future of conflict,
violence, instability, social chaos, and growing environmental degradation.
This scenario is a pessimistic vision based on the failure of market-led
growth to redress social wrongs and prevent environmental disasters, at
least in many parts of the world, so that on the belief that unconstrained
markets will exacerbate these problems, large portions of humanity will be
left out of the prosperity that markets bring to others.  In this scenario
these failures eventually destroy the natural resources and social
framework on which markets and economic growth depend.  Economic stagnation
spreads as more resources are diverted to maintain security and stability.
Economic fragmentation occurs where conflict dominates or the social order
breaks down.  In this scenario enclaves of wealth and prosperity coexist,
in tension, with widening misery and growing desperation.
3) Transformed World - a future in which fundamental social and political
changes offer hope of fulfilling human aspirations.  This is a visionary
scenario in which fundamental social and political change, possibly even
changed values and cultural norms, give rise to enlightened policies and
voluntary actions that direct or supplement market forces.  This scenario
envisions a society in which power is more widely shared and in which new
social coalitions work from the grass roots up to shape what institutions
and governments do.  Although markets become effective tools for economic
progress, they do not substitute for deliberate social choices.  In this
scenario economic competition exists but does not outweigh the larger needs
for cooperation and solidarity among the world's peoples and for the
fulfillment of basic human needs.  This vision asserts the possibility of
fundamental change for the better - in politics, social institutions, and
the environment.
Surprisingly, the results of this analysis suggest that China's future does
not look as secure as conventional wisdom would have it.  Latin America,
but for one problem, might well become the richest of any developing
region.  Southeast Asia, despite its current problems, may still have the
brightest future of any developing region.  And the most dubious and
difficult future goes not to sub Saharan Africa but to North Africa and the
Middle East.
                                       Biography
Dr. Allen Hammond is senior scientist and director of strategic analysis
for the World Resources Institute, a non-profit, non-partisan research
institute located in Washington, D.C.  His responsibilities include
institute-wide leadership in the use of analytical methods and information
tools for policy research, direction of the Strategic Indicator Research
Initiative on environmental and sustainable development indicators,
development of WRI's Communications 2000 strategy, and writing and research
on long-term sustainability issues.  He was formerly the editor-in-chief of
the World Resources Report series.
Prior to joining WRI, Dr. Hammond created the Research News section of the
international journal "Science" and went on to found, and serve as editor,
of several national publications, including "Science News" (published by
the American Association for the Advancement of Science), "Issues in
Science and Technology" (published by the National Academy of Sciences),
and the "Information Please Environmental Almanac"  (published by Houghton
Mifflin).  In addition, he broadcast a daily radio program for four years
(syndicated nationally by CBS), and has written or edited ten books.  His
most recent book is "Which World?" Scenarios for the 21St Century",
published by Island Press.
Dr. Hammond has won several national magazine awards and other journalist
honors.  Dr. Hammond has also published extensively in the scientific and
policy research literature; has lectured widely; and has served as a
consultant to the White House, to several U.S. federal agencies, to the
United Nations, and to several private foundations.  Dr. Hammond holds
advanced degrees in engineering and applied mathematics from Stanford
University and Harvard University.
The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, November 16, 1998
Tentative Topic: Environmental Security: The Case of Water Security in the
Southwestern U.S., and the Middle East
For more information please contact:
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office, 400
Virginia Ave. SW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20024; Telephone: (202)
314-2235; Fax: (202) 488-8681 E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV.
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at:
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  A complete archive of seminar summaries can also be
found at this site.  Normally these seminars are held on the second Monday
of each month.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 13:55:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA11378; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 13:55:43 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA18591; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 14:03:19 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018582; Mon, 19 Oct 98 14:03:11 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA11458; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 17:11:26 GMT
Received: from taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA11453; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 13:11:22 -0400
Received: from kat1003 (helo=localhost)
	by taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk with local-smtp (Exim 2.05 #6)
	id 0zVIoB-0003qx-00
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 18:09:27 +0100
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 18:09:26 +0100 (BST)
From: "K.A. Teleki" <kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: coral
In-Reply-To: <v01540b01b250a53cad00@[153.34.247.16]>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.96.981019180308.26403P-100000@taurus.cus.cam.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 597
For those of you who do not have access to USA Today.
October 19, 1998
Coral in peril as reefs suffer worldwide
By Kathryn Winiarski, USA TODAY
Coral reefs worldwide are bleaching and dying in record numbers, experts
say, because of warmer-than-normal water temperatures.
Severe coral bleaching, which occurs when the limestone skeleton turns
white and the tiny coral animals die, was recorded this year in at least
50 countries.
Marine biologists say that hardly a  reef ecosystem on the globe was
unscathed - from Australia's Great Barrier Reef to the Seychelles in the
Indian Ocean and from Belize in the Caribbean to the U.S. Virgin Islands.
A continuing, large-scale decline of reefs could mean economic trouble for
millions of people who rely on the beautiful limestone formations to
support fishing grounds, attract tourists and protect shorelines from
waves and storms.
''These corals are dying from heatstroke,'' says Thomas Goreau, president
of the New York-based Global Coral Reef Alliance.  While most people have
little concept of the problem because the coral is under water and out of
sight, the U.S. Coral Reef Task Force, established by President Clinton in
June, is expected to present plans for preserving coral reefs at a meeting
this week in Key Biscayne, Fla.
The administration has requested about $6 million through 2002 to help
restore damaged reefs overseen by the United States in the Atlantic,
Caribbean and Pacific.
''It is estimated that two-thirds of the world's coral reefs are dying,
and that is why this meeting and initiative are so important,'' says D.
James Baker, administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA).
Corals that have thrived for hundreds of years suddenly died in 1998,
according to a report to be released Nov. 19 by Reef Check, an
international coral assessment program. Divers surveying reefs throughout
the tropics found that up to 90% of some species of coral were dead.
Before the 1980s, wide-scale bleaching was not even observed.
The world's reefs have faced plenty of threats before. They are besieged
by overfishing, destroyed by boat anchors and killed by dynamite and
cyanide used to capture fish for aquarium hobbyists. Reefs also are
routinely battered by storms and by divers, and subjected to disease,
pollution and predation.
But high ocean temperatures inflict damage on a more global scale. They
cause the microscopic plants that live in coral tissue to stop
functioning. The zooxanthellae provide corals with color, food and most of
their ability to rapidly grow skeleton. Without them, corals can die.
''The analogy I use is, you keep a starving individual without food for a
long enough time, they're going to die,'' says Raymond Hayes, an anatomy
professor at Howard University and vice president of the Association of
Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean.
This year brought the hottest sea-surface temperatures since 1982,
according to NOAA satellite data.
At first glance, severe El Nino warming events, which took place both
years, appear to bear some blame. But bleaching also took place in regions
not affected by El Nino.
Scientists such as Goreau and Hayes blame global warming. They say reefs
will rebound only through dramatic reduction of fuel consumption.
In global warming - a phenomenon that remains doubted in some scientific
camps - the burning of fossil fuels emits excessive carbon dioxide,
trapping heat around Earth like a thick blanket.
Representatives from more than 150 countries will meet in Buenos Aires,
Argentina, next month to continue work on an emissions reduction treaty
that was begun in Japan in 1997.
Other scientists say that warming of ocean waters could just be the result
of nature's unpredictable flux.
''We all hope that this is a severe one-time event,'' says Gregor Hodgson,
founder of Reef Watch and a coral ecologist at the Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology. ''If global warming is involved and the bleaching
will be repeated, then we are in very serious trouble.''
Corals recover from bleaching only if the waters do not stay too hot for
too long.
Alina Szmant of the Coral Reef Research Group at the University of Miami
says she is encouraged that some Florida reefs showed early signs of
recovery in September.
Meanwhile, the coral reef task force is expected to pursue simpler
solutions to reef troubles: reducing the numbers of vessels that slam into
reefs, educating divers against touching coral and creating reef patrols
that would be strategically stationed in U.S. waters.
But ''it will all come to naught, unless we get a firm grip on the global
warming problem,'' Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt says. ''Every nation
in the world has a stake in getting it done.''
Time may be running out.
NOAA says that at least 10% of the world's coral reefs already are
destroyed, and some experts say the number is much higher.
Reefs also are increasingly subjected to emerging diseases that kill
corals at rates not thought possible, says marine biologist James Cervino
of the University of South Carolina.
Under current conditions, death could claim 40% of the world's coral reefs
by 2028.
''Scientists are now waking us up to the threat,'' Babbitt says. ''There
is a crisis.''
_______________________________________________________________
Kristian A. Teleki		Tel   +44 1223 333399 (General)
Cambridge Coastal Research Unit       +44 1223 339775 (Direct)
Department of Geography
University of Cambridge		Fax   +44 1223 355674
Downing Place
Cambridge  CB2 3EN		Email: kat1003@cus.cam.ac.uk
United Kingdom
_______________________________________________________________
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 15:45:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA13601; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 15:45:34 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA29927; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 15:53:10 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029851; Mon, 19 Oct 98 15:52:25 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA01164; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 18:56:09 GMT
Message-Id: <199810191856.SAA01164@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: 19 Oct 1998 12:17:20 U
From: David.Enfield@aoml.noaa.gov (enfield@aoml.noaa.gov)
Subject: IAI assistantship
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Announment of graduate research assistantship
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 598
I wish to disseminate an announcement so as to reach as wide a community
as possible of prospects for a graduate assistantship to study for the
M.Sc. in oceanography or meteorology, supported by my IAI/ISP-1 project.
We are specifically targeting potential applicants from the Caribbean
region, including the islands, Mexico, Central America or northern South
America. I would appreciate your help in disseminating this information
to any student prospects you know of, to institutions where they may be
found (e.g., university departments in your country) or in your own
Newsletters and/or web pages, whatever is appropriate. I have made the
announcement in English since, if it cannot be understood, whoever reads
it should probably not apply.
I thank you for your valuable assistance.
Sincerely,
David Enfield
******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* ******* *******
GRADUATE STUDY IN OCEANOGRAPHY/METEOROLOGY (MIAMI, USA)
The NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML,
Miami) will support a graduate student to pursue a 2-year masters degree
in Meteorology & Physical Oceanography (MPO), with emphasis in one of
those two areas, at the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine =
and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), starting in August, 1999. We are
specifically hoping to support a qualified person from the Caribbean
region, including the islands, Mexico, Central America or northern South
America. The student will do thesis research on a topic of applied
climate analysis for the Caribbean region as part of the Inter-American
Institute for Global Change Research (IAI) and and the Pan-American
Climate Studies (PACS) projects at AOML. The best qualified applicant who =
meets the admission requirements of RSMAS will be awarded a graduate
assistantship covering basic fees and subsistence for a two-year period.
Application materials should include: (1) application forms with a
one-time, nonrefundable administrative fee of $US 35; (2) test results
from the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) and the TOEFL test of English
(these tests are typically administered several times a year in major
Latin American cities); (3) an official English translation of the
applicant's college transcript; (4) three letters of recommendation
(written in English); and (5) a one-page statement of career goals.
Applications, test results and other materials should be received at
RSMAS no later than February 1st, 1999. Further information, plus
application forms, may be requested by writing from:
        Graduate Studies Office
        Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
        4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
        Miami, Florida 33149, USA
        Email: <gso@rsmas.miami.edu>
All completed applications materials should be remitted to the same
address. It will be helpful to include a copy of this announcement with
the cover letter and to mention that the best qualified applicant will be
supported by AOML through a grant administered by Dr. David Enfield.
In general, admission to RSMAS/MPO is highly competitive. A strong
academic background in math and physics is highly recommended, as
evidenced by acceptable grades in appropriate college courses (college
transcript). Undergraduate courses in meteorology or oceanography are
indications of interest and familiarity but do not carry much academic
weight because they are typically taught at too low a level. The
equivalent of an undergraduate degree in physics, geophysics or certain
branches of engineering is the best academic preparation; most other
college curriculums do not have the requisite math and physics. In regard
to recommendation letters, those from college professors attesting to
academic proficiency are usually the most helpful.
****** David B. Enfield *****|********* <enfield@aoml.noaa.gov> **********
*       NOAA/AOML/PhOD       |      "Every CRISIS is an OPPORTUNITY"     *
*   4301 Rickenbacker Cswy   |  Philosophy implicit in the Chinese words *
*      Miami, FL  33149      |  symbolizing both: "WEI JI" "JI HUI"      *
**************************************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 21:50:24 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA16323; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 21:50:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA18711; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 21:58:01 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018695; Mon, 19 Oct 98 21:57:18 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA03732; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 00:53:40 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA03727; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 20:53:37 -0400
From: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
Received: (qmail 12061 invoked from network); 20 Oct 1998 00:51:44 -0000
Received: from gnsbrg.rsmas.miami.edu (129.171.103.80)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 20 Oct 1998 00:51:44 -0000
Message-Id: <3.0.5.32.19981019205408.00843810@mail.rsmas.miami.edu>
X-Sender: ginsburg@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.5 (32)
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 20:54:08 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 599
ATLANTIC AND GULF REEF ASSESSMENT (AGRA)
1998 REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS
The Organizing Committee of the Atlantic-Gulf Reef Assessment Program
solicits proposals to assess reefs of the region using the Revised AGRA
Rapid Assessment Protocol.
Background: The objective of this request is to help provide support for
field expenses to survey reefs using the AGRA-RAP methodology.  Preference
will be given to those proposals that include all the components of the
AGRA-RAP methodology and that examine remote reefs.  It is expected that at
least six proposals will be funded for fieldwork beginning in Spring 1999.
For additional background information on the AGRA program, visit the AGRA
web site: http://www.coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra
Eligibility:  Scientists, managers, governmental and non-governmental
agencies, and individuals experienced in reef science.  All reef
assessments must be conducted within the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
region.  Participants are strongly encouraged to familiarize themselves
with the AGRA-RAP methodology.  Contact Philip Kramer
(Pkramer@rsmas.miami.edu) if you have questions about the methodology or to
learn more about upcoming AGRA training workshops.
Submission deadline: November 15, 1998
Maximum amount of awards: $5,000
Proposal Format: The individual proposals should be single-spaced and no
more than two pages of text (including references) and one page for maps
and other illustrations.  Please use the following headings:
PROPOSAL HEADINGS
1. Principal Investigators, affiliations, and contact information.
2. Description and special significance(s) of your reefs:
Give a very brief description (1-2 paragraphs) of the reefs that will be
examined using the AGRA methodology.  Include any remarkable features such
as the location, remoteness, relationships to populations, tourism, or
fishing that make assessing their condition important.  A map or chart of
the reef area to be assessed with a small insert to show the location on a
regional sketch is required.  On this chart indicate the reefs or reef
areas to be assessed by name, number or letter.
3. Field schedule:
When will the assessment begin, how many days will be spent in the field,
how many sites and at what depths, how many assessors will be involved,
when will the assessment be completed.  Note, all field work must be
completed within 1999.
4. Experience of the assessing team:
A very brief explanation of persons that will be involved in the
assessment, their affiliation, and qualifications.
5. Existing works relevant to this proposal.
A very brief annotated LIST of published and unpublished works relevant to
the proposed reef area.
6. Budget:
Provide an itemized list of the total costs for conducting the project. The
"request for funding" from AGRA should be no more than $5000.  List any
other sources of support you may have. Categories to be considered: boat
rental or charter; boat fuel/oil, purchase of a modest amount of diving
equipment, field equipment, costs of transportation, meals and
accommodations where necessary.  No salaries can be provided, but modest
daily stipends to field assistants may be included up to a maximum of
$1500.  No overhead please.
Submission Guidelines:
There are three options for submission:
1. Electronically:  You can submit the proposal as an attached e-mail to
rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu
2. Fax 	305-361-4094
3. Mail
Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment
MGG/RSMAS
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy
Miami, FL 33149
For additional information, please contact Robert N. Ginsburg at
305-361-4875 or at the above e-mail.
AGRA Organizing Committee:					AGRA Regional Advisors
Robert Ginsburg. Miami, FL 					Pedro Alcolado, Cuba
Philip Kramer, Miami, FL					Ernesto Arias, Mexico
Judy Lang, Austin, TX						Claude Bouchon, Guadeloupe
Peter Sale, Windsor, Canada					Jorge Cortez, Costa Rica
Robert Steneck, Walpole, ME					Janet Gibson, Belize
								Zelinda Leao, Brazil
Robert N. Ginsburg
Professor of Marine Geology
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. Miami, FL 33149
Phone: (305) 361-4875  FAX: (305) 361-4094 or 4632
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 19 22:51:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA16732; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 22:51:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA20787; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 22:59:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020766; Mon, 19 Oct 98 22:58:44 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA04258; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 02:10:02 GMT
Received: from beach.silcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA04253; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 22:09:56 -0400
Received: from Sunday.ucsb.edu (pm9-19.sba1.avtel.net [207.71.222.219])
	by beach.silcom.com (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id TAA12311
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 19 Oct 1998 19:07:38 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <362BEEF5.476C@bren.ucsb.edu>
Date: Mon, 19 Oct 1998 19:01:25 -0700
From: cwild <cwild@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu>
Reply-To: cwild@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-SLIPNET  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: (no subject)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 600
Coral:
I am trying to locate John R. Smith, who conducted an assessment of the
reefs of the Bay Islands in 1988, and authored: Coastal Resources
Management Program for the Bay Islands, Honduras.
If anyone knows how to contact this man, please either forward my
message to him, or send his email address to me.
Thanks,
Cathryn Wild
-----
Cathryn Wild
Environmental Science and Management
University of California, Santa Barbara
(805) 687-5427
cwild@bren.ucsb.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 20 08:31:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA20344; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 08:31:56 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA11331; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 08:39:34 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011319; Tue, 20 Oct 98 08:39:19 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA07692; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 11:33:46 GMT
Received: from pump2.york.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA07687; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 07:33:35 -0400
Received: from york.ac.uk (cst043.york.ac.uk [144.32.116.32])
	by pump2.york.ac.uk (8.8.7/8.8.7) with ESMTP id MAA29771
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 12:31:32 +0100 (BST)
Message-ID: <362C7493.4D9B2AF3@york.ac.uk>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 1998 12:31:31 +0100
From: joanne Mattocks <jlm112@york.ac.uk>
Organization: University of York
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Bleaching Survey from the Tropical Marine Research Unit, UK.
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="------------2139A7305FCF60446F01FF74"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 601
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------2139A7305FCF60446F01FF74
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
I am asking for your help in a survey being undertaken by myself at the
Tropical Marine Research Unit at the University of York, UK. I am
researching into coral bleaching events in the Red Sea and Indian Ocean
and I am trying to collate information from researchers and divers
working in these areas. I would be very grateful if you could complete
the attached questionnaire and return it to me as soon as possible by
e-mail, fax or post (addresses at the bottom of the questionnaire).
Please remember that even a negative sighting report will also help in
the survey. If you have any queries please do not hesitate to contact
me. Thank you for your time and co-operation.
Regards
Joanne Mattocks
--------------2139A7305FCF60446F01FF74
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; name="Bleachin.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Disposition: inline; filename="Bleachin.txt"
BLEACHING REPORT FORM
Thankyou for your patience in completing this form. Any reply will be useful including a negative one.
1. Where did you see areas of possible or probable bleaching?
    (Please describe the location or area as precisely as possible)
2. When or over what period (i.e. months) was the bleaching observed?
3. Approximately how large was the area affected by bleaching (e.g. 50m across, 1km across      or 10km across etc) ?
4. Was it a fresh bleaching that was observed, or were the corals dead and perhaps covered      with algae?
5. What parts of the reef were affected by bleaching ? At what depth ?
6. Were there many or only a few types of corals affected by bleaching? (Were they       branched or other forms, if you know the name(s) of the coral please state.)
7. Were there any observations of unusually high sea-water temperatures recorded before      or during that period? (If so please give details)
8. Any other comments ? If possible please describe more in detail what was seen.
Your name:
Your organisation and position:
Your address:
Your telephone no:			Fax no:			E-mail:
Joanne Mattocks, Tropical Marine Research Unit, University of York, York, UK.
Fax: 44-1904-432860   Tel: 44-1904-623151   e-mail: jlm112@york.ac.uk
--------------2139A7305FCF60446F01FF74--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 20 10:17:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA21932; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:17:32 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18021; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:25:09 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017969; Tue, 20 Oct 98 10:24:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA08766; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 13:25:32 GMT
Received: from beach.silcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA08761; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 09:25:28 -0400
Received: from Sunday.ucsb.edu (pm0-6.sba1.avtel.net [207.71.218.6])
	by beach.silcom.com (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id GAA09248
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 06:23:05 -0700 (PDT)
Message-ID: <362C8D88.2953@bren.ucsb.edu>
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 1998 06:18:00 -0700
From: cwild <cwild@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu>
Reply-To: cwild@eos.crseo.ucsb.edu
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01C-SLIPNET  (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: (no subject)
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 602
Coral:
In a previous message I inadvertently typed the WRONG name of the person
I am seeking as John R. Smith.  The correct name is John R. Clark.
John R. Clark conducted a reef survey of the Bay Islands in 1988 and
authored "Coastal Resources Management Program for the Bay Islands,
Honduras."
Sorry for the mix-up.
Cathryn Wild
--
Cathryn Wild
Environmental Science and Management
University of California, Santa Barbara
(805) 687-5427
cwild@bren.ucsb.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 20 10:24:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA22059; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:24:35 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18630; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 10:32:12 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018613; Tue, 20 Oct 98 10:32:06 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA08839; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 13:34:10 GMT
Received: from gull.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA08830; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 09:34:04 -0400
Received: from [153.35.91.214] (1Cust214.tnt5.tco2.da.uu.net [153.35.91.214])
	by gull.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with SMTP id GAA27100
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 06:32:07 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Tue, 20 Oct 1998 06:32:07 -0700 (PDT)
Message-Id: <v01540b00b252080d7149@[153.35.91.59]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: katwini@earthlink.net (Kathryn Winiarski)
Subject: cruiselinedumping
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 603
 I've received numerous requests from list-serve readers for on-line access
to my coral article. The link is:
http://www.usatoday.com/news/ndssun04.htm. (if that doesn't work,  go to
the usatoday.com homepage, then do a search on key words Coral and
Bleaching.
Also, the following   item appeared on greenlines news service.
I'm curious whether there are any reports of direct damage on reefs as a
result of such dumping events:
>CRUISE LINE FINED FOR DUMPING:  AP reports 10/14 a US District Court
>Monday fined Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. $8 million for illegal fuel
>dumping and a subsequent cover-up.  The liner pumped oil, water and
>bilge into waters off the coasts of both Puerto Rico and Canada.  The
>company also pleaded guilty to falsifying records of the discharges,
>and tampering with oil sensors.  The fine represents the largest
>environmental penalty ever imposed on a cruise line, and was intended
>to "send a message" to ship operators that environmental crimes will
>not go unpunished, said US Attorney Guillermo Gil.
Thanks,
Kathryn
*************************
Kathryn Winiarski
Reporter
USA TODAY - National News
kwiniarski@usatoday.com
*************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 20 23:42:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA00698; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:42:02 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA16129; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 23:49:40 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016100; Tue, 20 Oct 98 23:48:45 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA14013; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 02:21:46 GMT
Received: from arwen.otago.ac.nz by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA14005; Tue, 20 Oct 1998 22:21:16 -0400
Received: from drummer.otago.ac.nz (dialin073051.otago.ac.nz [139.80.73.51])
	by arwen.otago.ac.nz (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA17538
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 15:19:00 +1300 (NZDT)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19981021151005.0068fd90@brandywine.otago.ac.nz>
X-Sender: ou008495@brandywine.otago.ac.nz
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Wed, 21 Oct 1998 15:14:50 +1300
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Darrin Drumm <darrin.drumm@stonebow.otago.ac.nz>
Subject: request for contact details
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id XAA00698
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 604
Dear Listers
I am trying to locate contact details (e-mail if available) for the
following researchers.  Any assistance would be appreciated.  Please send
any responses directly to me at  darrin.drumm@stonebow.otago.ac.nz.  Sorry
for the length of the list.  thanks in advance for your assistance.
Regards,
Darrin Drumm
Castillo G.A. (University of the Philippines?),
Castro LRS,
David J. Doulman(FAO Fisheries Dept.?),
Famel L,
Kam S. P.(Universiti Sains Malaysia?),
Kerr, AM
Bai, Mary,
G. Prez-Plascencia,
Roa, M. J. T.,
Rossi, O ,
Munro, J. L.,
Wells, S. M.,
Alcala, A.C.,
Tilmant, J.T.
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
Darrin Drumm
Department of Marine Science
University of Otago
P.O. Box 56
Dunedin, New Zealand
ph  (03) 479-7496
fax (03) 479-8336
darrin.drumm@stonebow.otago.ac.nz
><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><> ><>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 21 11:03:46 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA05141; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 11:03:44 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01720; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 11:11:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001706; Wed, 21 Oct 98 11:11:08 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA17996; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 14:14:23 GMT
Received: from mail.iol.ie by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA17991; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 10:14:16 -0400
Received: from GPO.iol.ie (root@GPO2.GPO.iol.ie [194.125.2.197]) by mail.iol.ie
	  Sendmail (v8.8.8) with ESMTP id PAA32178 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
	  Wed, 21 Oct 1998 15:12:15 +0100
Received: from [194.125.48.4] (dialup-004.galway.iol.ie [194.125.48.4]) by GPO.iol.ie
	  Sendmail (v8.8.7) with SMTP id PAA28166 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
	  Wed, 21 Oct 1998 15:12:10 +0100
X-Sender: aquafact@gpo.iol.ie (Unverified)
Message-Id: <v01530501b253b632b7c3@[194.125.48.29]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Wed, 21 Oct 1998 15:22:09 -0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: aquafact@iol.ie (Aqua-Fact)
Subject: Reef translocation/transplantation studies
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 605
Dear all,
I am looking for references to any papers on the subject of moving living
reef from one loaction to another - has it ever been done and what is the
success rate.
Any information would be gratefully received.
Brendan O'Connor,
aquafact@iol.ie
http://www.iol.ie/aquafact/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 21 21:03:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA13427; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 21:03:23 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA29447; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 21:11:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029418; Wed, 21 Oct 98 21:10:12 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA21840; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 00:15:20 GMT
Received: from gibson.acpub.duke.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA21835; Wed, 21 Oct 1998 20:15:16 -0400
Received: from godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu (godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu [152.3.233.45])
	by gibson.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.6.0) with ESMTP id UAA16772;
	Wed, 21 Oct 1998 20:11:15 -0400 (EDT)
Received: (from mbm4@localhost)
	by godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu (8.8.5/Duke-4.6.0) id UAA21382;
	Wed, 21 Oct 1998 20:11:12 -0400 (EDT)
Date: Wed, 21 Oct 1998 20:11:11 -0400 (EDT)
From: Mike Mascia <mbm4@mail.duke.edu>
X-Sender: mbm4@godzilla4.acpub.duke.edu
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Caribbean blast fishing
In-Reply-To: <3.0.1.32.19980929091335.0070e9f0@email.aims.gov.au>
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.981021183353.12992J-100000@godzilla3.acpub.duke.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 606
	Just a late note on the conversation regarding blast fishing in
the Caribbean.  I have just returned from Barbados, where Section 19 of
the Fisheries Regulations of 1904 (yes, 1904) explicitly prohibited the
use of "dynamite or other explosive substance with intent thereby to take
or destroy fish".  I have not identified the origins of blast fishing in
Barbados, but this certainly suggests that blast fishing was a concern in
Barbados or elsewhere in the Caribbean at the turn of the century.
	Instead of using dynamite on reefs, conversations with fishers in
Barbados indicate that dynamite has traditionally been used in sandy bays
to target pelagic species such as mullet, jacks, and coevallys.
Dynamiting does sometimes occur on reefs, but reefs are generally not the
target area and are avoided because of the known destructive impacts of
dynamiting on the habitat.  Some species targeted by dynamite fishers,
such as mullet, are reportedly extremely difficult for local fishers to
harvest with other available technologies and thus dynamite is used as a
way to capture fish that would otherwise be unharvested, or harvested less
efficiently.
	Since seine nets and dynamite in Barbados are generally used to
target the same fishery resources, dynamite is also used by fishing
communities that do not own a seine net to make sure that they do not
"lose their fish" to seine net fishermen from other communities.  Dynamite
is used to provide more equal access to fishery resources among
communities with different levels of wealth/access to fishing technology.
	Thus the use of dynamite in Barbados does not appear to be a
response to extreme poverty, but rather a strategic approach to fisheries
harvesting with both efficiency and equity components.  This is not the
'traditional model' of blast fishing with which I am familiar, so I would
welcome replies from others regarding their experiences.
Mike Mascia
*****************************************************************************
Michael B. Mascia
Ph.D. candidate-environmental policy
Duke University School of the Environment
Marine Laboratory				phone: (252) 504-7566
135 Duke Marine Lab Road			fax: (252) 504-7648
Beaufort, NC 28516-9721 USA			email: mbm4@mail.duke.edu
*****************************************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 22 20:42:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA28467; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 20:42:37 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA18345; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 20:50:18 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018333; Thu, 22 Oct 98 20:50:13 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA00292; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 23:19:50 GMT
Received: from mail.infochan.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA00274; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 19:19:36 -0400
Received: from daffodil.InfoChan.COM ([208.135.98.66]) by mail.infochan.com
          (Post.Office MTA v3.1.2 release (PO205-101c)
          ID# 0-40017U5000L500S0) with SMTP id AAA77
          for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Thu, 22 Oct 1998 18:19:58 -0500
Received: from MyPC.infochan.com by daffodil.InfoChan.COM (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id SAA25263; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 18:16:50 -0500
From: "Robert Murray" <rmurray@daffodil.infochan.com>
To: "CORAL-LIST" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Spawning in Jamaica
Date: Thu, 22 Oct 1998 17:25:40 -0400
Message-ID: <00e901bdfe02$84846220$LocalHost@MyPC.infochan.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 607
CORAL SPAWNING IN JAMAICA
On the north coast of Jamaica a series of dives have been made from the
Discovery Bay Marine Lab. (077.2W, 18.3N) over the last three months to
observe coral spawning. Dairy Bull reef site is well stocked with Montastrea
spp. (among other species) and is approximately a mile east of the lab. Here
is what we found;
AUGUST 14th: (7th night after full moon) at Dairy Bull, some slight spawning
by Montastrea annularis and M. faveolata was observed. M. cavernosa was also
apparently seen spawning. Observations on the same night at Mooring 1
(directly north of the lab.) only extended to spawning of errant
polychaetes. Observations were not made the previous night and no spawning
was seen the following night.
SEPTEMBER 12th: (6th night after full moon) M. annularis was recorded
spawning extensively at Dairy Bull, between 9:40pm and 10:10pm
(approximately 3.5 hrs. after sunset which was at 18:14). No spawning was
observed the previous night but the following night an equally impressive
spawning event was recorded for the normally cryptic Ophiomyxa flaccida at
about the same time (but no coral spawning).
OCTOBER 11th: (5th night after full moon) A major spawning event for M.
annularis was recorded at Dairy Bull, between 9:35pm and 10:05pm
(approximately 4 hrs. after sunset which was at 17:49). Although an
estimated 70% of M. annularis colonies were bleached (at least in part) by
this time, NONE of these were seen to spawn along with the "healthy"
colonies. The previous night no spawning was observed. The following night
no spawning was observed except for 1 tiny, partially bleached, colony of M.
annularis which seemed to be unenthusiastic and the polyps poorly
co-ordinated in their egg release.
Oct. may have shown the most important event this year in Jamaica (of those
witnessed over the season) and earlier in terms of days after the full moon
than expected.
Regards to all,
Robert Murray.
================================
ROBERT MURRAY  BSc (Hons.), FGA,
Discovery Bay Marine Laboratory,
PO Box 35, Discovery Bay,
Jamaica, West Indies.
rmurray@dbml.org
rmurray@infochan.com
rmurray@uwimona.edu.jm
T. (876) 973 2946 / 2947
F. (876) 973 3091
================================
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 00:14:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA29670; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 00:14:21 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA24716; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 00:22:03 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024707; Fri, 23 Oct 98 00:21:22 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA01690; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 03:09:31 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA01685; Thu, 22 Oct 1998 23:09:26 -0400
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1490 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626445-5680>; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:05:50 +0800
Message-ID: <362FF2B3.F07BF539@ust.hk>
Date: 	Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:06:27 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
CC: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Bleaching/Mortality in Vietnam
References: <3.0.1.32.19981017123612.0069bf50@email.aims.gov.au>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 608
Report on bleaching in Vietnam.
(This updates a previous report on bleaching by Sue Wells in August.)
Coral bleaching in Vietnam has been extensive beginning in late summer
1998. In the areas off of Nha Trang (south-central Vietnam), the reefs
have experienced moderate levels of mortality in shallow water, with
Acropora being hardest hit according to Dr. Vo Si Tuan.
The conditions in the south were far worse. We resurveyed the reefs at
Con Dao National Park from 14-21 Oct. Bleaching typically affected 70%
of corals at most reefs. At most sites, 90% of the dominant
table-Acropora had been killed by mid-September and many other corals
for total losses of about 70-80% of the previous coral cover in shallow
water (1-2 m). In deeper water, the situation was equally bad in most
locations with 90% mortality of the dominant massive Porites in late
September and many other large colonies e.g. Lobophyllia. Overall coral
cover loss in deeper water was 60-70%. Hundreds of (2-3 m diameter)
massive Porites were killed including colonies as large as 9 m diameter
which are likely to be several hundred years old.
This event was a catastrophe for the national park which had been hit by
a major typhoon the previous November. Quantitative data, slides and
video will be available at ITMEMS.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 09:12:08 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA03958; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:12:05 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA05564; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:19:48 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005489; Fri, 23 Oct 98 09:18:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA04766; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 12:11:27 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA04761; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 08:11:16 -0400
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA02209 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 08:03:40 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA02047; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 08:11:24 -0400
Received: from unknown(207.181.101.69) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002018; Fri, 23 Oct 98 08:10:31 -0400
Received: from howzit (trt-on9-24.netcom.ca [207.181.83.88])
	by tor-smtp1.netcom.ca (8.8.7-s-4/8.8.7) with SMTP id IAA24769;
	Fri, 23 Oct 1998 08:06:31 -0400 (EDT)
Message-Id: <199810231206.IAA24769@tor-smtp1.netcom.ca>
X-Sender: howzit@pop.vex.net
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 08:11:09 -0400
To: Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation <CTURTLE@lists.ufl.edu>
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@turtles.org>
Subject: Re: ALGAE LINKED TO ALLIGATOR DEATHS: possibly turtle tumors
Cc: phycotoxins@ecology.bio.dfo.ca, Algae-L@listserv.heanet.ie,
        coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <d275e773.36300689@aol.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id JAA03958
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 609
Today Allen Salzberg shared the following AP article with CTURTLE and
the CITES-L mailing lists.
>ALGAE LINKED TO ALLIGATOR DEATHS: The AP reported 10/19 recent
>surges in the growth of algae and associated toxins may be
>causing a wave of alligator deaths in Florida. Many species of
>blue-green algae release chemicals toxic to the nervous system
>and liver of animals. Some scientists believe algae may also be
>linked to non-cancerous tumors being found on sea turtles. The
>increase in algae has worsened in the past year and is caused by
>runoff of fertilizers, sewage, and other nutrients into the water
>system.
This message is being CC'd to three other lists -- ALGAE-L,
PHYCOTOXINS and CORAL-L for their information and (hopefully) input.
The article's relevance to the first two lists is obvious.
Why CORAL-L?  I figure the AP article is also of importance to coral
researchers because even though this event appears to be a fresh
water phenomena, nutrified waters from Florida's lakes and rivers
eventually end up in the ocean and may ultimately affect corals.
I also have some questions for list experts who may be working on
this very problem.
Number one question.  Is this article accurate?
Also where in the state of Florida are these "wave" of deaths
occurring?
Presently I'm assuming the blue-green algae is a freshwater species
reacting to increased nutrients.  Anyone know if any coastal (marine)
areas receiving these "fresh" waters are presently showing signs that
"the increase in algae has worsened" there also?
And anyone know what species of blue-green algae is the villain here?
"wave of alligator deaths" implies sudden mortality (more like that
manatee event a couple years back) than something chronic like
fibropapilloma (FP).  Am I inferring this correctly?
Next, if these worsening conditions are expected over the long term,
it would be interesting to determine the existing prevalence of FP
around these nutrients-receiving coastal areas.  That way there'd be
some baseline data to compare the FP stats two-three years from now.
(I know.  That takes money.)
Last, for coral researchers, an article in yesterday's CNN website:
Coral reefs: Are we doing too little too late?
<http://www.cnn.com/TECH/science/9810/22/reefs.yoto>http://www.c
nn.com/TECH/science/9810/22/reefs.yoto/
(more bad news)
Best wishes
-------------------------------------
 ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett
 0 0 Email: howzit@turtles.org
 /V^\ /^V\
 /V Malama na honu V\
<http://www.turtles.org/>http://www.turtles.org
/ \
 Islands
 French Frigate Shoals
Green sea turtles nest there
 Twenty-fifth Anniversary
 Silver

 --Patrick H. (age 12)
 \ / cinquaine poetry
 / \ / \
 /__| V |__\
 Turtle Trax
CELEBRATING THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE FFS TAGGING PROGRAM
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 09:56:25 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA05059; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:56:24 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA08098; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:04:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008083; Fri, 23 Oct 98 10:03:17 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA05143; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 13:14:15 GMT
Received: from axil.eureka.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA05134; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:13:54 -0400
From: reefmonitor@eureka.lk
Received: from IBM.eureka.lk ([206.152.141.45]) by axil.eureka.lk
          (post.office MTA v2.0 0813 ID# 0-17670) with SMTP id AAC17183
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Fri, 23 Oct 1998 19:19:40 -0600
Message-Id: <1.5.4.32.19981023141048.006beab0@eureka.lk>
X-Sender: reefmonitor@eureka.lk (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 19:10:48 +0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Bleaching in Lakshadweep, India
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 610
Just to add to the recent catalogue of post-bleaching misery ... we recently
conducted a rapid survey at Kadmat Island in Lakshadweep, India using
ReefCheck methods. An outer-atoll seaward reef slope was chosen for its
luxuriant coral cover in previous years. From verbal reports and extent of
dead coral now, pre-bleaching live coral cover was probably in excess of
80-90% in places. Results of the survey confirmed heavy mortality along
lines reported elsewhere in the Indian Ocean. At 3m depth, only 3% live
coral cover was recorded, with 87% dead branching and table forms. At 10m,
live coral cover was 7%, with 43% cover by dead branching and table forms,
and a further 38% rocky substrate, much of which appeared to be recently
scoured massive coral forms, though impossible to be certain. Not all reefs
in Lakshadweep appear to have suffered quite so severely, but these results
seem to some extent representative. Further info. available from Dr Syed
Ismail Koya, Dept of Science, Technology & Environment, Lakshadweep
<lk-dst@x400.nicgw.nic.in> and GCRMN South Asia regional office. Full
results also submitted to ReefCheck.
Regards
--------------
Jason Rubens
Regional Co-ordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN)
South Asia Region
IOC-UNESCO/ UNEP/ IUCN
48 Vajira Road
Colombo 5
Sri Lanka
Tel: + 94 74 511166
Fax: + 94 1 580202
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 10:35:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06157; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:35:41 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA10000; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:43:23 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009972; Fri, 23 Oct 98 10:42:58 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA05337; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 13:46:39 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA05326; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:46:35 -0400
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id JAA07866 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:44:25 -0400
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 09:44:25 -0400
Message-Id: <199810231344.JAA07866@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: 1998 Bleaching: NOAA Press Release
To: "CORAL-LIST" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <00e901bdfe02$84846220$LocalHost@MyPC.infochan.com>
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 611
RECORD-BREAKING CORAL BLEACHING
OCCURRED IN TROPICS THIS YEAR, NOAA REPORTS
     Unprecedented coral bleaching and extremely warm waters occurred throughout
the Tropics during the first half of 1998, the Commerce Department's National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration announced today.
     Coral reefs -- the "rainforests of the sea"  are some of the oldest and
most biologically diverse ecosystems on earth.   Important assets to local and
national economies, they produce fisheries for food, materials for new
medicines, and income from tourism and recreation, as well as protect coastal
communities from storms.
     "Coral bleaching is a sign that reefs are under severe stress and may be
seriously damaged," said NOAA Administrator D. James Baker.  "With 1998 named
the Year of the Ocean, it is appropriate that we focus our attention on these
extremely important and fragile coral reef ecosystems."
     Corals thrive as long as temperatures remain at or below certain
temperatures for a given site. An increase of one or two degrees above the usual
maximum temperatures can be deadly to these animals.  The temperature range for
corals to thrive varies from site to site by only a few degrees. While many
corals normally recover from short bleaching events, long-term or frequent
bleaching may severely weaken the corals leaving them more vulnerable to
disease, damage or death.
     Data from NOAA's satellites show that during the first half of 1998, more
ocean area in the tropics experienced exceptionally high sea surface
temperatures, or "hot spots," than observed in any full year since 1982.
Approximately 50 countries have reported coral bleaching since 1997.   During
the El Nio of 1982-83, large areas of coral reef around the world were severely
damaged by high water temperatures associated with coral bleaching.  The
previous annual record for high ocean temperature events was in 1988, which also
followed an El Nio event the year before.
     Using satellites to measure sea surface temperatures and identify hot
spots, NOAA has been able to predict coral reef bleaching events in real time
over large ocean areas since 1997, reports NOAA oceanographer Al Strong.  Hot
spots are identified when satellite-derived sea surface temperatures exceed by
1.0 degree Celsius the monthly average temperature expected during the warm
season.
     Coral bleaching can be a sign that the coral is being stressed by a number
of factors, including pollution, sedimentation or changes in salinity. Increases
in water temperature of one degree or more for one month often result in
extensive coral bleaching, making these hot spots prime candidates for bleaching
events.
     From January to July the coral bleaching events were concentrated in the
Southern Hemisphere during its warm season.  Since July, the reports of
extensive coral bleaching have spread into regions of the Northern Hemisphere
following abnormally high sea surface temperatures, especially around the
Philippines and throughout the Caribbean Basin, Bahamas, Bermuda and Florida
Keys.
     With collaborators Ray Hayes of Howard University and Tom Goreau of the
Coral Reef Alliance, Strong is planning to summarize the year's coral bleaching
events in the December issue of Reef Encounters.
     Bleaching and other problems facing coral reefs will be the topic of a
high-level government meeting in Key Biscayne, Fla., on Oct. 19 and 20.  The
Coral Reef Task Force was created by an executive order signed June 11 by
President Clinton as part of the Year of the Ocean observance and the National
Ocean Conference held in Monterey, Calif., last June.  The first meeting of the
task force will be hosted by the Commerce and Interior Departments.
###
Notes to Editors: Charts accompanying this release are available on the World
Wide Web at NOAA Public Affairs:
http://www.publicaffairs.noaa.gov/storyideas.html
Videotape animation of hot spots conducive to coral bleaching is available from
Video Transfer, Rockville, Md. Telephone: 301-881-0270.
Maps showing twice-weekly distributions of hot spots are available at:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
Movie/animations are posted at:
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
Maps showing the annual distribution of bleaching from 1969 through 1997 are
posted at: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~goreau
To subscribe to the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network, go to:
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov
October 15, 1998
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 10:49:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06380; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:49:49 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA11408; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:57:31 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011297; Fri, 23 Oct 98 10:56:43 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05490; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 14:13:36 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA05481; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:13:29 -0400
From: holtzd%fkeys@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:12:14 -0500
Message-ID: <6F7C303601B9F6D0@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 9:10:30 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Tortugas 2000 - Joint Scoping Meetings
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 612
*************************************************************************
David Holtz
Center for Marine Conservation
Florida Keys Office
513 Fleming Street  Suite 14
Key West, FL  33040
305-295-3370
305-295-3371 (fax)
dholtz@cenmarine.com
fkeysman@aol.com (home)
We could really use support for the joint scoping meetings between NOAA
and
NPS for the Dry Torugas coming up in the next several days in Florida and
Washington, DC. Please see below for the brief and dates.
Please encourage anyone in the Keys you may know to attend.
The Center for Marine Conservation supports a "no take" marine reserve to
protect the Tortugas area. For NOAA and the Florida Keys National Marine
Sanctuary, establishing a marine reserve in the Dry Tortugas will
implement an objective of the sanctuary's management plan. However,this
is a new step for the National Park Service. They are poised as a logical
agency to take on the "no take" concept for marine resources within their
jurisdiction.
 Please contact me if you have any questions.
>  DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
>
>  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
>
>
>  Intent To Prepare a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
>  and Notice of Scoping Meetings for the Proposed Tortugas Ecological
>  Reserve in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
>
>  AGENCY: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric
>  Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Office of Ocean
>  and Coastal Resource Management (OCRM), Sanctuaries and Reserves
>  Division (SRD).
>
>  ACTION: Notice of intent; Notice of scoping meetings.
>
>
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
>
>  SUMMARY: SRD has initiated the process to establish an Ecological
>  Reserve within the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS or
>  Sanctuary) west of the Dry Tortugas National Park. The Sanctuary
>  intends to prepare a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement
(SEIS)
>  and hold scoping meetings to receive public input.
>
>  DATES AND ADDRESSES: Interested parties are invited to submit written
>  comments by December 17, 1998, to assure full consideration during the
>  scoping process. Written comments may be sent to Billy D. Causey,
>  Superintendent,
>
>  [[Page 55366]]
>
>  Florid Key National Marine Sanctuary, Post Office Box 500368,
Marathon,
>  Florida 33050. Comments will be available for public review at the
>  Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary office at 5550 Overseas Highway
>  in Marathon during normal business hours.
>      Scoping meetings are being held as follows:
>
>  October 27, 1998: 2-5 p.m.--Washington D.C., Department of Commerce
>  Main Auditorium, 14th Street and Constitution Avenue.
>  October 29: 3-8 p.m.--Ft. Myers Convention Center.
>  November 9: 3-8 p.m.--Key West Holiday Inn Beachside.
>  November 10: 3-8 p.m.--Marathon High School.
>  November 17: 3-8 p.m.--Miami, Florida International University Graham
Center, SW 8th Street at SW 107th Ave.
>
>  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Billy D. Causey at (305) 743-2437
ext.
>  26.
>
>  SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
>  was designated by an act of Congress entitled the Florida Keys
National
>  Marine Sanctuary and Protection Act (FKNMSPA, Pub. L. 101-605) which
>  was signed into law on November 16, 1990. The Sanctuary was designated
>  to protect the 2800 square nautical mile ecosystem surrounding the
>  Florida Keys, including the third largest barrier reef system in the
>  world. A Final Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for
>  the Sanctuary was issued in 1996 and final regulations to implement
the
>  plan went into effect in July 1997.
>
>      The Final Management Plan and regulations established one
>  Ecological Reserve (ER) in the Middle Keys (Western Sambo Ecological
>  Reserve). An ER is defined as an area of the Sanctuary consisting of
>  contiguous, diverse habitats, within which uses are subject to
>  conditions, restrictions and prohibitions, including access
>  restrictions, intended to minimize human influences, to provide
natural
>  spawning, nursery, and permanent residence areas for the replenishment
>  and genetic protection of marine life, and also to protect and
preserve
>  natural assemblages of habitats and species within areas representing
a
>  broad diversity of resources and habitats found within the Sanctuary
>  (15 CFR 922.162). Consumptive uses such as removing, taking or
damaging
>  coral, fish or seagrass are prohibited in an ER. During the
development
>  of the Draft Management Plan, NOAA had proposed an additional ER in
the
>  Tortugas area within the Sanctuary but deferred the process to
>  establish a boundary or regulations for the Tortugas ER until after
>  implementation of the Final Management Plan. This process, estimated
to
>  take approximately two years and referred to as ``Tortugas 2000,''
will
>  include coordination with the National Park Service, fishing
>  representatives, scientists, and others. There will also be extensive
>  opportunity for public input.
>      This notice announces NOAA's intent to prepare a Supplemental
>  Environmental Impact Statement and hold scoping meetings on the
>  proposed project. Formal scoping meetings are scheduled as detailed
>  above. The public is invited to attend the scoping meetings to provide
>  oral or written comments. Interested persons may also submit wirtten
>  comments to the address above.
>
>  (Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog Number 11.429 Marine Sanctuary
>  Program)
>
>.DOCID:fr15oc98-46]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 10:55:54 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA06579; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:55:52 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA11974; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:03:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011922; Fri, 23 Oct 98 11:02:57 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05491; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 14:13:37 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA05480; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:13:29 -0400
From: holtzd%fkeys@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:12:14 -0500
Message-ID: <707C303601B9F6D0@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 9:17:15 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Fwd: FW: Public Scoping Meeting on Torgugas 2000
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 613
*************************************************************************
David Holtz
Center for Marine Conservation
Florida Keys Office
513 Fleming Street  Suite 14
Key West, FL  33040
305-295-3370
305-295-3371 (fax)
dholtz@cenmarine.com
fkeysman@aol.com (home)
---------------[ Content-type: text/plain; name=Message Body
]--------------
please circulate to your HQ Offices.  billy
________________________________________________________
From: Phillips, B. on Thu, Oct 22, 1998 3:03 PM
Subject: Public Scoping Meeting on Torgugas 2000
To: Amy Mathews-Amos; Audrey Pritchard; Barbara Jeanne Polo; Bob Hansen;
Darryl Hatheway; David Dickson; David Yonkman; Jack Sobel; Jennifer
Dianto; Julia Novy; Karen Florini; Lauretta Burke; Lori Williams; Maxine
McCloskey; Michael Barnette; royk%dccmc@cenmarine.com; Susan Boa; Tundi
Agardy; Vivian Newman; Will Hildesley; William Kiene
Cc: Causey, B.; Kenney, J.
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Dry Tortugas National Park
invite you to help them develop their respective plans on how best to
protect portions of the Dry Torgugas.  Please attend the Tortugas 2000
public scoping meeting on Tuesday, October 27, 2:00-5:00 PM at the U.S.
Department of Commerce Department Main Auditorium, 14th Street and
Constitution Ave., NW; 2PM to 5:00 PM, (Superintendents'presentations at
2:30 PM)
*** please help distribute this annoucement ***
read the media advisory for more information...
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
MEDIA ADVISORY
CONTACT:
Cheva Heck                                   Rick Cook
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary            Everglades/Dry Tortugas
National Parks
(305) 292-0311                          (305) 242-7714
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
October 22, 1998
PROTECTING THE TORTUGAS REGION:
SANCTUARY AND PARK COORDINATE THEIR RESPECTIVE PLANS
THROUGH JOINT PUBLIC MEETINGS
(Key West, FL)  The Tortugas region, 70 miles west of Key West, has been
called the crown jewel of the Florida Keys, where Civil War era Ft.
Jefferson looks out over hundreds of miles of pristine ocean. Now, the
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and Dry Tortugas National Park are
inviting the public to join them in developing their respective plans on
how best to protect portions of this spectacular area.
The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary plans to create an ecological
reserve in the western portion of the Sanctuary. Dry Tortugas National
Park, host to a steadily increasing number of visitors, is drafting a
Visitor Use and Commercial Services Plan.
To make it easier for the public to participate in both efforts, and to
help minimize public misunderstanding about the scope and objectives of
each process, the Sanctuary and Park are holding joint public meetings to
discuss the issues of each plan and request comments.  The meeting
schedule is:
     October 27 -        Washington, D.C.; Commerce Department Main
Auditorium; 14th                             St. and Constitution Ave.,
NW; 2PM to 5:00 PM
(Superintendents'presentations at 2:30 PM)
     October 29 -        Ft. Myers at the Exhibition Hall, 1320 Hendry
St.
     November 9 -   Key West, Holiday Inn Beachside, 3841 North Roosevelt
Blvd.
     November 10-   Marathon High School, 350 Sombrero Beach Rd.
     November 17-   Miami at Florida International University,
                    Graham Center, SW 8th St. at SW 107th Ave.
Except as noted, meetings will run from 3PM to 8PM and follow an open
house format. Dry Tortugas National Park Superintendent Dick Ring/Deputy
Superintendent Larry Belli and Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
Superintendent Billy Causey will give brief presentations at 3:30 PM and
6:30 PM. They, and others, will be available for questions and
discussion. Attendees also will be able to comment in writing and by
recordings.
-MORE-
 Florida  Keys NMS/Dry Tortugas NP Joint Meetings - PAGE 2
While the marine environment offshore of the populated Florida Keys faces
an onslaught of stresses, both natural and manmade, the coral reefs,
seagrass beds and hardbottom communities of the Tortugas region remain
relatively pristine.  Nineteenth Century Ft. Jefferson, within the Park,
is an additional resource of cultural interest.  Together, the Park and
surrounding Sanctuary provide outstanding opportunities for a unique
visitor experience and for protection of a unique array of marine,
terrestrial and avian resources.
In addressing the Sanctuary's goal, FKNMS Superintendent Billy Causey
said, "By creating an ecological reserve in the Sanctuary's portion of
the Tortugas, we hope to preserve the extraordinary range of species
found there.  The reserve also will serve as a control site away from the
populated Keys, helping scientists determine which changes in the coral
reef ecosystem stem from human activities and which are natural."
The Sanctuary originally had proposed a 110 square nautical mile reserve
but eliminated it in response to public input stating that it did not
protect the right habitat and would unduly harm commercial fishermen.
Instead, FKNMS established a smaller reserve off the lower Keys and
committed to designing a Tortugas reserve from scratch, with extensive
opportunities for public involvement. The target date for implementation
is the year 2000.
In this scoping phase of the Sanctuary's Tortugas 2000, FKNMS is working
to determine the range of issues it should consider in designing and
locating a reserve.  Scoping comments are due December 17, 1998.  After
considering the comments, a working group of agency officials,
representatives of user groups (such as commercial fishermen and the dive
industry), environmental and conservation organizations, and other
concerned citizens will recommend alternative boundaries for comment.  To
learn more, visit the Sanctuary's Tortugas 2000 website at
http://fpac.fsu.edu/tortugas.
Dry Tortugas National Park consists of seven small islands, including Ft.
Jefferson, and 115 square nautical miles of pristine marine environment.
It was established by act of Congress in 1992, with a strict mandate to
provide opportunities for visitor use and enjoyment in balance with the
conservation of natural and cultural resources so that they are
unimpaired for the benefit of future generations.  Significant increases
in numbers of visitors to the Park in recent years have raised issues for
Park management, including visitor activities and quality of visitors'
experiences, commercial services, natural and cultural resources, and
facilities.
The Park's plan will proceed with an emphasis on public participation in
defining the scope of these and perhaps other issues, developing
alternative approaches to address problems identified, and seeking
further public input on preferred alternatives.  The resulting plan will
help determine what visitor experiences and activities and commercial
services are appropriate for the Park and where these activities should
occur.  Further information on the Park and its planning effort may be
found at www.nps.gov/drto/planning.
MEDIA ADVISORY
Sanctuary and Park representatives will be available for media interviews
and briefings at each location one hour prior to the beginning of each
meeting.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 11:03:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06673; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:03:54 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA12763; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:11:35 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012715; Fri, 23 Oct 98 11:10:37 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA05547; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 14:21:58 GMT
Received: from smtp.cenmarine.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA05542; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:21:54 -0400
From: holtzd%fkeys@cenmarine.com
Received: from NetWare MHS (SMF71) by smtp.cenmarine.com
	via Connect2-SMTP 4.20A; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 10:20:38 -0500
Message-ID: <E382303601B9F6D0@smtp.cenmarine.com>
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 1998 9:26:46 -0400
Organization: Center for Marine Conservation
To: commons-everglades@lists.sierraclub.org, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: CMC Action Alert:  Tortugas 2000 Scoping
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-disposition: inline
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: Connect2-SMTP 4.20A MHS/SMF to SMTP Gateway
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 614
FLORIDA'S LAST WILD OCEAN PLACE THREATENED
A Chance To Protect The Dry Tortugas
October 16, 1998
The relatively pristine ocean world at Dry Tortugas-its clear, clean
waters-suggests another time as well when coral reefs, fish, shark,
lobster and other marine life were less imperiled by humans.  All of
that, unfortunately,  is changing.  In reality, this most distant and
splendid outpost of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is under
threat.  Fishing  pressure in the Dry Tortugas area is exploding.  An
opportunity in 1997 to protect critical areas outside the National Park
was delayed but  now we can provide protection both in and outside the
Park.  Over the next several weeks and months, however, we have an
unprecedented-perhaps our final-opportunity to protect Florida's last
truly wild ocean place.
Background
Along the Florida Reef Tract, the largest in the United States, lie some
of the world's best known, most heavily used, and most threatened coral
reefs. Yet beyond Key West, where the road ends, the undeveloped islands
and of the Marqueses and the spectacular coral reefs of the Tortugas
stretch another 70 miles westward.  Creating a Tortugas Ecological
Reserve to keep these reefs intact is critical to their preservation and
for the restoration of the entire Keys reef tract.
The Dry Tortugas lie at the extreme end of these exquisite island
chains, protected from the serious water quality threats facing other
Florida and Caribbean reefs.
Until recently, the area's remoteness and prohibition on commercial
fishing inside Dry Tortugas National Park also provided protection from
over-exploitation. However, fishing pressure from commercial vessels
outside the national park and recreational users throughout the area has
increased dramatically in recent years. Park use has doubled in just
three years-from 30,000 to 60,000 visitors-and up to 100 commercial
fishing boats now work the area outside the park.
Declining fishing conditions upstream in the Florida Keys, better boats,
improved navigation, and more efficient gear have all added up to fewer
fish and damage to habitat in the Dry Tortugas.
While reef fish, lobster and other invertebrates in the Dry Tortugas
remain healthier than those in other areas of the Keys, increased
fishing pressure poses a real threat.  A "no-take" marine ecological
reserve in the Dry Tortugas is the only way we can ensure real
protection. A well-designed Tortugas reserve would help restore reefs
and fish downstream throughout the Keys.
Marine reserves are special ocean areas dedicated to non-consumptive
use, where natural, intact, marine communities and ecosystems flourish
and human disturbance is minimized.
When designed properly, marine reserves can conserve biodiversity,
protect spawning stocks of fish, replenish areas outside the reserve,
protect against a New England-like fisheries collapse, and ensure
ecosystem integrity by maintaining marine life in natural conditions.
With 13 of 15 commercially targeted reef fish in the Keys overfished, we
need the protection only a marine reserve can provide.
TORTUGAS 2000:
Because the Dry Tortugas area covers the 100-square-mile Dry Tortugas
National Park, and an equally large area of the Florida Keys National
Marine Sanctuary, the Center for Marine Conservation  has been
encouraging both agencies to work cooperatively to develop a marine
reserve.
Through meetings, public hearings and with assistance from a 22-member
Working Group, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) and the State of Florida-through the sanctuary-will over the next
year develop a proposed marine reserve for the Dry Tortugas.
At the same time, the National Park Service is looking for ways to
handle extraordinary visitor growth and increased activities at the Dry
Tortugas National Park and is participating with the sanctuary in
planning sessions for the reserve.
The agencies have agreed to cooperate in getting public comment and are
being encouraged to jointly establish a marine reserve in the Dry
Tortugas.
The first public comment will come at Scoping Meetings in late October
and November in Florida.  These meetings are to identify important
issues agency officials should weigh in developing a marine reserve.
After developing different boundary choices for the reserve, the
Sanctuary will hold public hearings and then make a decision on which
reserve alternative should be adopted.  Public hearings are tentatively
planned for Spring, 1999.
You can get more information on the Tortugas 2000 process through the
Internet:  http://fpac.fsu.edu/tortugas
Making It Happen
Establishing a Tortugas Ecological Reserve by the year 2000 hinges on
actions ordinary people take today.  The Center for Marine Conservation
is working hard to make sure a Tortugas marine reserve is established.
But all of us-divers, naturalists, fishermen and parents who want to
leave something for their children-must get involved if we are to
protect Florida's last wild ocean place.
Please write the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the National
Park Service:
          Miki Steube
          National Park Service
          Denver Service Center
          12795 West Alameda Parkway
          Denver, CO  80225-9901
          Ben Haskell
          Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
          P.O. Box 500368
          Marathon, FL  33050
Please tell them:
*    You support protecting the Dry Tortugas with a no-take marine
reserve in the Sanctuary and the National Park.
*    You want a marine reserve in the Dry Tortugas that is diverse
enough to protect a range of coral reef and other habitats.
*    You want a marine reserve in the Dry Tortugas large enough to
benefit fisheries.
*    You want a marine reserve in the Dry Tortugas that is strictly
non-consumptive.
Or attend one or more Tortugas 2000 meetings being held by the Florida
Keys National Marine Sanctuary to take your comment. Someone will be at
each of the meetings to assist you.  The meeting schedule:
*    October 27, 1998    U.S. Department of Commerce, Main
Auditorium, 14st and Constitution Ave., Washington, DC
*    October 29, 1998    Ft. Myers Exhibition Hall, 1320 Hendry
Street, Ft. Myers, Florida
*    November 9, 1998     Holiday Inn Beachside Conference Room,
3841 N. Roosevelt Blvd, Key West, Florida
*    November 10, 1998  Marathon High School cafeteria, 350 Sombrero
Beach Road, Marathon, Florida
*    November 17, 1998 Miami, Florida FIU Graham Center, SW 8th
Street & SW 107th Avenue
For additional information call:
David Holtz, Center for Marine Conservation, Florida Keys Office,
305-295-3370.
Or call CMC if you are interested in visiting the Dry Tortugas to see
this special place.
Thank you for your help.
http://www.cmc-ocean.org
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 23 13:26:52 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA11119; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 13:26:51 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA20354; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 13:34:32 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020302; Fri, 23 Oct 98 13:33:46 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA06749; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 16:45:38 GMT
Received: from seaserver.nos.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA06744; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 12:45:34 -0400
From: steve.rohmann@noaa.gov
Received: from seamail.nos.noaa.gov (seamail.nos.noaa.gov [140.90.161.99]) by seaserver.nos.noaa.gov (AIX4.3/UCB 8.8.8/8.7) with SMTP id LAA15602 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 23 Oct 1998 11:41:25 -0400
Received: from POP3 Client by seamail.nos.noaa.gov (ccMail Link to SMTP R8.00.01)
    id AA909160978; Fri, 23 Oct 98 12:43:02 -0500
Message-Id: <9810239091.AA909160978@seamail.nos.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: ccMail Link to SMTP R8.00.01
Date: Fri, 23 Oct 98 12:45:25 -0500
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: New Tools for Coral Reef Study, Management, and Protection
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 615
The Special Projects Office of NOAA and the Florida Department of
Environmental Protection, Florida Marine Research Institute announce the
availability of a set of tools to assist in monitoring, managing, and
protecting the Florida Keys coral reef ecosystem.  These tools consist
of the Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys CD-ROM, and a web page.
They represent a new model for the types of tools needed to study,
manage, and protect these resources, not only in the Florida Keys, but
wherever coral reefs exist.
Researchers, resource managers, and concerned citizens can map Florida
Keys coral reefs and seagrass beds, overlay other digital data, and
perform spatial analyses using geographic information systems (GIS).
Thematic data, such as bathymetry, aids to navigation, land, and
protected area boundaries are included on the CD-ROM.  As a result, GIS
analyses associated with marine reserve management, monitoring and
research, ship groundings, restoration, and other activities, can be
conducted.  Most importantly, the CD-ROM includes all necessary
software.  Users can begin immediately to learn more about the Florida
Keys coral reef ecosystem.
The CD-ROM consists of three parts: 1) a narrated multimedia
introduction describing what benthic habitats are, why they are
important and need to be mapped, and how they were mapped to produce the
CD; 2) a mapping capability, based on ArcView Data Publisher; and 3) a
narrated tutorial explaining how to use the mapping capability.  Also
provided on the CD-ROM are all of the digital data used in the mapping
module.  The software applications needed to view the multimedia
introduction, read and print the documentation, and launch the ArcView
Data Publisher mapping capability are provided on the CD-ROM.  The
digital data (benthic habitats, land, bathymetry, aids to navigation,
protected area boundaries, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
boundary, roads, and place names) are provided in ArcView shapefile
format.  The benthic habitats geography itself also is provided in
ARC/INFO interchange format.
The World Wide Web page provides an introduction to the Florida Keys
benthic habitats mapping project, example maps and summary statistics,
and internet access to the digital data.  Once downloaded, the data can
be used in ArcView and MapInfo.  The internet address for the Benthic
Habitats of the Florida Keys web page is:
http://www-orca.nos.noaa.gov/projects/benthic_habitats.
A Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys Atlas will soon be available from
the Florida Marine Research Institute.  The Atlas will contain 32
full-color plates showing the distribution of benthic habitats in the
Florida Keys, accompanied by descriptions of these habitats.  It also
contains detailed descriptions of the physical environments, human
activities, and environmental concerns within the Florida Keys
ecosystem.
To learn more about the Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys mapping
project or to receive a free CD-ROM, contact either:
Steve Rohmann
NOAA, Room 9650
1305 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910
301/713-3000x137
steve.rohmann@noaa.gov
or
Christopher Friel
Florida Marine Research Institute
Florida Department of Environmental Protection
100 Eighth Avenue, S.E.
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
813/896-8626
friel_c@epic7.dep.state.fl.us
To request a copy of the Benthic Habitats of the Florida Keys Atlas,
contact Christopher Friel at the Florida Marine Research Institute.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 24 17:59:23 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA23285; Sat, 24 Oct 1998 17:59:22 -0400 (EDT)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA23826; Sat, 24 Oct 1998 18:07:07 -0400
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023818; Sat, 24 Oct 98 18:06:24 -0400
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA16445; Sat, 24 Oct 1998 21:09:28 GMT
Received: from send102.yahoomail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA16440; Sat, 24 Oct 1998 17:09:24 -0400
Message-ID: <19981024210823.6865.rocketmail@send102.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [139.133.201.51] by send102.yahoomail.com; Sat, 24 Oct 1998 14:08:23 PDT
Date: Sat, 24 Oct 1998 14:08:23 -0700 (PDT)
From: tim Daw <tim_daw@yahoo.com>
Subject: Fwd: Bleaching in the southwest Red Sea
To: Coral discussion list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 616
A message I recieved from a marine biologist at the university of
Asmara. Eritrea included this about bleaching................
---Marco Pedulli  wrote:
> On a different note concerning bleaching we too have, unfortunately,
> experienced such phenomenon on the corals around Massawa recently. The
> water temperatures around the region of Massawa this past summer have
> been extremely on their high side (40 degree C ). The increase in
> temperature is, therefore, most probably responsible for such
bleaching.
> Moreover, the degree of bleaching varied in deep and shallow reefs.
> The latter, with high ambient temperature, were as a result affected
more.
>
> Now that the "hot season" is over most corals sprang back to attain
> their original state and have fully recovered while others have
unfortunately
> suffered prolonged elevated temperatures and were overgrown by algae.
> Biologists have visisted similar areas around the islands and around
> Assab but did not report bleaching at all. This showed that
bleaching was
> localized and restricted to the Massawa Area (Massawa Proper and
Green Island).
>
> --
> Marco Pedulli,  MSc
> Department of Marine Biology & Fisheries
> University of Asmara
> P.O. Box 1220
> Asmara,  Eritrea
>
> E-mail address:-  Marco@marine.uoa.edu.er
> Tel:-  (+291) -1- 16 19 26 ex 274 (Off.)
>        (+291) -1- 12 64 30 (Res.)
> Fax:-  (+291) -1- 16 22 36
>
>
*************************************************************
Tim Daw
Hillhead of Craigie
Whitecairns
Aberdeen AB23 8XE
UK
Tel. +44 (0)1651 862 496
email: tim_daw@yahoo.com
*******************************************************
_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 26 15:58:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA15015; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 15:58:29 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA23974; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 16:06:18 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023961; Mon, 26 Oct 98 16:05:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA02496; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 20:03:31 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA02491; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 15:03:27 -0500
Received: by kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
	id <VMHMJKMJ>; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 15:00:55 -0500
Message-ID: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F07C619@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: CORAL-LIST <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: Coastal restoration seminar
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 1998 14:54:43 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 617
 MINI-SYMPOSIUM ANNOUNCEMENT
"COASTAL RESTORATION IN SOUTH FLORIDA"
PRESENTED BY
THE SOUTH FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS
Date:			Monday - November 9th, 1998
Time:			Checkin and networking starts at 7:30 AM
				Introductory remarks 8:15 AM
				Morning Session 8:30 AM - 11:45
				Afternoon Session 1:15 - 5:00PM
Place:			Don Shula's Hotel, Main Street, Miami Lakes
Cost:			$35.00 Non-members
			$20.00 Members
			Space limited to 55 persons so RSVP - ASAP.
Content:	Twelve diverse and distinguished speakers will provide
presentations on various aspects of coastal restoration in south Florida.
Topics will include:  Coral Reefs; Artificial Reefs; Hardbottom Communities;
Seagrasses; Tidal Flats; Mangroves; Coastal Marshes; Beaches & Dunes;
Coastal Hammocks;  Endangered and Threatened Species; Integrated-Holistic
Ecosystem Studies; Decision Making; Success Criteria; Legal Aspects;
Permitting Issues; and Funding Sources.
Symposium Chairs:	William F. Precht
		Natural Resources Manager
				LAW Engineering & Environmental Services
				Miami Lakes, FL
				Richard E. Dodge
				International Coral Reef Institute
				NOVA Southeastern University Oceanographic
Center
				Dania, FL
				To make your reservation call Sherrie or
Maggie at (305) 826-5588 ASAP
				Space is limited so hurry.
William F. Precht
Natural Resources Manager
LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.
5845 NW 158th Street
Miami Lakes, FL  33014
ph (305) 826-5588
fax (305) 826-1799
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 26 22:23:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA18829; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 22:23:31 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA04097; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 22:31:20 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004075; Mon, 26 Oct 98 22:30:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA05601; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 02:48:46 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA05596; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 21:48:40 -0500
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1040 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626982-14870>; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 10:44:43 +0800
Message-ID: <363533C1.CD974261@ust.hk>
Date: 	Tue, 27 Oct 1998 10:45:21 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: New Publication -- Vietnam Coastal Biodiversity
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 618
The proceedings of the Workshop on "Coastal Biodiversity Priorities in
Vietnam" (Hanoi, 4-6 November, 1997) is available free by sending an
email request to:
Miranda Chan <rcmchan@ust.hk>
This is a 95 page bilingual Vietnamese/English publication of 14 papers
on coastal biodiversity issues in Vietnam by government agencies, NGOs
and HKUST. The workshop was sponsored by HKUST, WWF - Indochina, and the
government.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 26 23:14:43 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA19089; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 23:14:41 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA04514; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 23:22:29 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004505; Mon, 26 Oct 98 23:21:52 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA06009; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 03:49:39 GMT
Received: from isurus.mote.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA06004; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 22:49:35 -0500
Received: from hal.conch.net by isurus.mote.org  with smtp
	(Linux Smail3.2.0.101 #12) id m0zY068-0011PKC; Mon, 26 Oct 1998 22:47:08 -0500 (EST)
Date: Mon, 26 Oct 1998 22:47:02 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Postdoctoral Positions
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.981026223925.3470C-100000@hal.conch.net>
X-X-Sender: emueller@isurus.mote.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 619
Two Post-doctoral Positions in Benthic Biology
In the August 28 issue of Science, Mote announced 2 postdoctoral positions
for marine research in the South Florida area. Please refer to the
following Web site for details:
 www.mote.org/benthic~postdocs
One position would be focused on coral reefs and assessing their condition
from over a range of depths. Coral diseases and other factors affecting
coral health will be of particular interest. Part of this project will
involve collaboration with the Sustainable Seas Expeditions being
conducted by National Geographic.
The deadline is soon (Oct. 30); please refer to the Website for
application details.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center   Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL   33050
Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
           http://www.mote.org
Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 27 07:11:11 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA21348; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 07:11:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA17855; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 07:18:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017827; Tue, 27 Oct 98 07:18:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA08353; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 11:19:18 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id GAA08348; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 06:19:09 -0500
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id SAA20378;
	Tue, 27 Oct 1998 18:42:30 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    27 Oct 98 18:25:36 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 27 Oct 98 18:25:23 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.183) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    27 Oct 98 18:25:22 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Multiple recipients of list" <netcoast@postkamer.minvenw.nl>
Cc: "Coral Health Monitoring Program" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: need posters or picture
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 18:09:27 +0700
Message-ID: <01be019a$4365f7e0$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 620
I'm a student in riau university.
Recently, I and my friends have made a NGO called LAKSANA SAMUDERA and we
concern on marine environment.
One of our activity is search for the posters or pictures about marine
environment, and we'll distribute to any institutions who need it. Here
please find our address :
1. Attn : R. Firdaus
             Jln. Kandis Ujung No. 92 Tangkerang Utara
             Pekanbaru (28282) - Indonesia
2. Attn : R. Jhonnerie
              Jln. Wijaya Gg. WIjaya I No. 80/6
              RT. 04 RW 02 Kel. Kedung Sari
              Kec. Sukajadi - Pekanbaru (28123)
              Indonesia
That's kind of you, if you can help us
Best Regard
R. Jhonnerie
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 27 11:37:34 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA29428; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 11:37:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA10957; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 11:45:17 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010933; Tue, 27 Oct 98 11:45:00 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA10602; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 15:57:55 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA10590; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 10:56:40 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.35] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA50980; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:57:00 -0300
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:57:00 -0300
Message-Id: <9810271657.AA50980@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 621
        Dear coral-listers,
        I'm looking for a simple way to quantify water movements at 5 m
depth. No method avaliable in literature is suitable for my needs, since I
intend to measure 90 points at the same time. My idea was to quantify the
amount of movement measuring the loss of material in small bodies placed
near my collecting points after 12 hours of exposure to the action of the
sea  I've already tried to make these bodies with chalk, salt and clay, but
this substances are eroded either too fast or too slowly. Is anybody aware
of any substance that can be employed succesfuly to this kind of experiment?
Does anybody know any other suitable method (it's gotta be cheap and easy
for my number of points is too large)? Looking forward to hearing from you,
kind regards.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 27 11:49:35 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA29566; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 11:49:34 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA12221; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 11:57:23 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012168; Tue, 27 Oct 98 11:56:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA09523; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:55:36 GMT
Received: from mtiwmhc02.worldnet.att.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id IAA09518; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 08:55:32 -0500
Received: from preinstalledcom ([12.70.16.99])
          by mtiwmhc02.worldnet.att.net (InterMail v03.02.03 118 118 102)
          with SMTP id <19981027135300.BSJS18619@preinstalledcom>;
          Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:53:00 +0000
Message-ID: <3635CF4C.549E@worldnet.att.net>
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 08:49:00 -0500
From: Sea Byte <seabyte@worldnet.att.net>
Reply-To: seabyte@worldnet.att.net
Organization: Sea Byte Inc.
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
CC: CORAL-LIST <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Coastal restoration seminar
References: <831C92FC9CDFD1118B3B00A0C9AB304F07C619@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 622
Precht,Bill wrote:
>
>  MINI-SYMPOSIUM ANNOUNCEMENT
>
> "COASTAL RESTORATION IN SOUTH FLORIDA"
>
> PRESENTED BY
>
> THE SOUTH FLORIDA ASSOCIATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROFESSIONALS
>
> Date:                   Monday - November 9th, 1998
>
> Time:                   Checkin and networking starts at 7:30 AM
>                                 Introductory remarks 8:15 AM
>                                 Morning Session 8:30 AM - 11:45
>                                 Afternoon Session 1:15 - 5:00PM
>
> Place:                  Don Shula's Hotel, Main Street, Miami Lakes
>
> Cost:                   $35.00 Non-members
>                         $20.00 Members
>
>                         Space limited to 55 persons so RSVP - ASAP.
>
> Content:        Twelve diverse and distinguished speakers will provide
> presentations on various aspects of coastal restoration in south Florida.
> Topics will include:  Coral Reefs; Artificial Reefs; Hardbottom Communities;
> Seagrasses; Tidal Flats; Mangroves; Coastal Marshes; Beaches & Dunes;
> Coastal Hammocks;  Endangered and Threatened Species; Integrated-Holistic
> Ecosystem Studies; Decision Making; Success Criteria; Legal Aspects;
> Permitting Issues; and Funding Sources.
>
> Symposium Chairs:       William F. Precht
>                 Natural Resources Manager
>                                 LAW Engineering & Environmental Services
>                                 Miami Lakes, FL
>
>                                 Richard E. Dodge
>                                 International Coral Reef Institute
>                                 NOVA Southeastern University Oceanographic
> Center
>                                 Dania, FL
>
>                                 To make your reservation call Sherrie or
> Maggie at (305) 826-5588 ASAP
>                                 Space is limited so hurry.
>
> William F. Precht
> Natural Resources Manager
> LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.
> 5845 NW 158th Street
> Miami Lakes, FL  33014
> ph (305) 826-5588
> fax (305) 826-1799
Bill
I have been involved in several recent coral reef restoration projects
in South Florida and am very interested in this workshop.  I appreciate
your info and look forward to meeting you at the seminar.
Thanks
Dick Shaul
Sea Byte Inc.
19940 Mona Road, Suite 4
Tequesta, FL  33469
561 745-9333
FAS 575-7710
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 27 13:41:42 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA02126; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:41:40 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA19976; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 13:49:29 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019918; Tue, 27 Oct 98 13:49:02 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA11448; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 17:57:14 GMT
Received: from netcom13.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA11443; Tue, 27 Oct 1998 12:57:08 -0500
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom13.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id JAA04606;
	Tue, 27 Oct 1998 09:53:06 -0800 (PST)
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 09:53:06 -0800 (PST)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics
To: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <9810271657.AA50980@acd.ufrj.br>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9810270903.A4311-0100000@netcom13>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 623
On Tue, 27 Oct 1998, Marcos Soares Barbeitos wrote:
>         Dear coral-listers,
>
>         I'm looking for a simple way to quantify water movements at 5 m
> depth. No method avaliable in literature is suitable for my needs,
Plaster of Paris might work better for you.
http://www.aquariumfrontiers.com/1998/aug/features/1/default.asp
has references to this method.
Craig Bingman
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 28 03:01:40 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA10362; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 03:01:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA13385; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 03:09:29 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013380; Wed, 28 Oct 98 03:08:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA16671; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 07:00:20 GMT
Received: from mailgate.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA16650; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 02:00:01 -0500
Received: from pbaru.wasantara.net.id (pbaru.wasantara.net.id [202.159.84.163])
	by mailgate.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id OAA09841;
	Wed, 28 Oct 1998 14:23:06 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from PBARU/SpoolDir by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    28 Oct 98 14:06:33 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by PBARU (Mercury 1.40); 28 Oct 98 14:05:16 +0700
Received: from default (202.159.84.186) by pbaru.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    28 Oct 98 14:05:09 +0700
From: "Coremap BAPPEDA Tk.I Riau" <crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id>
To: "Multiple recipients of list" <netcoast@postkamer.minvenw.nl>
Cc: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1998 13:33:00 +0700
Message-ID: <01be023c$cecbab20$0100007f@localhost>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.71.1712.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 624
Dear Sir,
We're the local NGO in Indonesia, Riau - Pekanbaru. We concern in marine
environment, especially in coral reef rahabilitation and management.
We are looking for Coral Reef litteratures, we need it for our refferences.
Here please find our mailing address :
1. Attn : R. Firdaus
             Jln. Kandis Ujung No. 92 Tangkerang Utara
             Pekanbaru (28282) - Indonesia
2. Attn : R. Jhonnerie
              Jln. Wijaya Gg. WIjaya I No. 80/6
              RT. 04 RW 02 Kel. Kedung Sari
              Kec. Sukajadi - Pekanbaru (28123)
              Indonesia
That's kind of you, if you can help us.
Best Regard
Romie Jhonnerie
crmpriau@pbaru.wasantara.net.id
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 28 09:08:04 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA13774; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 09:08:02 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA22384; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 09:15:52 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022374; Wed, 28 Oct 98 09:15:49 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA18827; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 13:14:11 GMT
Message-Id: <199810281314.NAA18827@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 27 Oct 1998 22:04:36 -0500 (EST)
From: "D.R. Browne" <browndr@mcmail.cis.mcmaster.ca>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: videographer in SE asia
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 625
I am working on a project to make a series of films about human
interactions with and impacts on coral reefs in Indonesia.  I am looking
for the names of any local underwater videographers to employ for some of
the shooting.  By local I mean in the region: Indonesia, Malaysia,
Singapore, Thailand.
Any contacts you have would be a great help,
David Browne
WildCard Productions Inc.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 28 13:10:55 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA18815; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 13:10:53 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA07413; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 13:18:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007387; Wed, 28 Oct 98 13:18:02 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA20640; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 17:29:34 GMT
Received: from imo27.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA20635; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 12:29:29 -0500
From: DThoma1119@aol.com
Received: from DThoma1119@aol.com
	by imo27.mx.aol.com (IMOv16.10) id 3TRa010655
	 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 12:24:32 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <68b0f5f2.36375350@aol.com>
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1998 12:24:32 EST
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: RE. Need advice
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 3.0 for Windows 95 sub 64
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 626
I am a 26 year old graduate of Southern Illinois University at Carbondale.  My
degree is in biology with an emphases on what little marine biology they
offered.  I am currently serving an apprenticeship with the Mid-America Aqua
Center, in St. Louis Missouri.  For this apprenticeship, I will receive six
credits from S.I.U. toward my masters.  I receive no stiffen for the
apprenticeship so I have obtained a part time job in the marine department of
a local pet store.  My apprenticeship will be completed in early December of
this year and I wish very much to continue my education in the field of marine
biology,  thus bringing me to my dilemma.
Since receiving my bachelors, I have applied for numerous entry level
positions in the field of marine biology, all resulting in the same catch 22.
I cant get a job without having experience and I cant gain any experience
without getting a job.
I am writing this note because I desperately need advice, suggestions, help,
etc. in short, I guess I need a mentor, someone who has probably already been
through the problem.
I am single and willing to relocate to almost anywhere.  My willingness to
work and learn are great and my needs are small.  I either must receive a
small wage or have the opportunity to work part time and I desire very much to
continue my education in marine biology.  My final goal is to gain a Ph.D. in
marine biology and a full time job in that field.  Any reply will be very much
appreciated.
Thank you very much.
Michael L. Thomas
1200 Culverhill Dr.
St. Louis Missouri 63119
(314) 962-2958
email     Dthoma1119@aol.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 28 17:24:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA24270; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 17:24:47 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA23565; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 17:32:38 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023554; Wed, 28 Oct 98 17:31:51 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA22432; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 21:32:12 GMT
Received: from mero.invemar.org.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA22423; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 16:31:59 -0500
Received: from SIB [200.25.13.150]
	(HELO sib.invemar.org.co)
	by mero.invemar.org.co (AltaVista Mail V2.0D/2.0D BL25D listener)
	id 0000_0041_3637_8c59_02cf;
	Wed, 28 Oct 1998 16:27:53 -0500
Reply-To: "Coleccin de Referencia" <colref@invemar.org.co>
From: "Coleccin de Referencia" <colref@invemar.org.co>
To: "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Identification Keys.
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1998 16:25:43 -0500
Message-ID: <003e01be02b9$84df8900$960d19c8@sib.invemar.org.co>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_003F_01BE028F.9C098100"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.71.1712.3
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 627
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BE028F.9C098100
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Hi listers:
I'm searching identification keys for ahermatipic corals and  octocorals =
(specially Neospongodes) for deep water. I will apreciate any help.
Best regards
Patricia Lattig
Proyecto Macro Fauna
INVEMAR
A.A. 10 16
e-mail: macro@invemar.org.co
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BE028F.9C098100
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.71.1712.3"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Hi listers:</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>I'm searching identification keys =
for=20
ahermatipic corals and&nbsp; octocorals (specially Neospongodes) for =
deep water.=20
I will apreciate any help.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Best regards</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Patricia Lattig</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>Proyecto Macro Fauna</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#000000 size=3D2>INVEMAR</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>A.A. 10 16</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2>e-mail: <A=20
href=3D"mailto:macro@invemar.org.co">macro@invemar.org.co</A></FONT></DIV=
>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_003F_01BE028F.9C098100--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 28 21:55:05 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA26131; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 21:55:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA29057; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 22:02:54 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029050; Wed, 28 Oct 98 22:02:52 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA24351; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 02:16:23 GMT
Received: from arnet.arn.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA24346; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 21:16:19 -0500
Received: from 1258 (pm3-6-073.ama.arn.net [207.16.169.73])
	by arnet.arn.net (8.9.1/8.9.0) with ESMTP id UAA12002
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 28 Oct 1998 20:12:23 -0600 (CST)
Message-Id: <199810290212.UAA12002@arnet.arn.net>
Reply-To: <rcm@arn.net>
From: "Selma Martin" <rcm@arn.net>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: coral reef harvesting
Date: Wed, 28 Oct 1998 20:16:07 -0600
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Priority: 3
X-Mailer: Microsoft Internet Mail 4.70.1162
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 628
I am a student at West Texas A&M University, a mid-size university in the
Texas Panhandle.  I am working on a research paper about coral reef
harvesting and dynamiting in the Philippines and the library here is not
big enough to do this report.  If you have any citations that can help me
please let me know.
Any information that you have would be greatly appreciated.
Rory C. Martin
rcm@arn.net
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 29 08:57:27 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA00825; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 08:57:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA09335; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 09:05:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009295; Thu, 29 Oct 98 09:04:36 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA27897; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 12:51:39 GMT
Received: from radagast.wizard.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA27892; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 07:51:34 -0500
Received: from [206.161.15.82] (tc2-s6.wizard.net [206.161.15.82])
	by radagast.wizard.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id HAA03530;
	Thu, 29 Oct 1998 07:48:47 -0500
Message-Id: <199810291248.HAA03530@radagast.wizard.net>
Subject: Re: Identification Keys.
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 98 07:53:53 -0500
x-sender: sjameson@mail.wizard.net
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 2.0, March 15, 1997
From: Stephen C Jameson <sjameson@coralseas.com>
To: "Colecci=?ISO-8859-1?Q?=dbn_de_Referencia?=" <colref@invemar.org.co>,
        "Coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
cc: "Stephen Cairns" <CAIRNS.STEPHEN@nmnh.si.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 629
Dear Patricia,
On 10/28/98 you wrote:
>Hi listers:
>
>I'm searching identification keys for ahermatipic corals and  octocorals
>(specially Neospongodes) for deep water. I will apreciate any help.
>
>Best regards
>
>Patricia Lattig
>Proyecto Macro Fauna
>INVEMAR
>A.A. 10 16
>e-mail: macro@invemar.org.co
Contact Dr. Stephen Cairns at the Smithsonian's Museum of Natural History.
CAIRNS.STEPHEN@NMNH.SI.EDU
Best regards,
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President
Coral Seas Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management
4254 Hungry Run Road, The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA
Office:  703-754-8690, Fax:  703-754-9139
Email:  sjameson@coralseas.com
Web Site:  www.coralseas.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 29 11:00:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA03811; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 11:00:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA18437; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 11:08:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018370; Thu, 29 Oct 98 11:07:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA28942; Thu, 29 Oct 1998 15:02:52 GMT
Message-Id: <199810291502.PAA28942@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 1998 09:59:53 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Helpful Hints
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 630
Greetings, Coral-Listers,
	I just wanted to offer a couple of helpful hints to our new
subscribers.
1)  When sending messages to the list, it is helpful if you send your
message in plain ASCII format, as there are many folks out there who do
not have mail readers that can read imbedded HTML (Web) code--it comes
across as very difficult to read for them; thus, you lose some of your
intended readership.
2)  If you are interested in seeking references or information on a
particular subject, please check the coral-list archives (under "Coral
Researcher's Community" at the CHAMP Home Page, www.coral.noaa.gov) first.
This is usually updated once a month. In some cases, a subject you are
interested in has already been discussed.
3)  Before asking the coral-list subscribers for references, it might also
be best for you to check these resources first,
	ReefBase
	(http://www.cgiar.org/iclarm/resprg/reefbase/)
	The Non-Destructive Coral Health Monitoring Home Page
	(http://cbl.umces.edu/~mattia/SMProject/)
	Dr. Anne Cohen's list of references on gorgonian growth rates
	(http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/gorgonians.html)
	Selected bibliography of storms as they relate to coral health
	(http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/storms.html)
	The CHAMP Literature Abstracts Home Page
	(http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html)
(If any coral-list subscribers have other literature related links, we
would very much like to know of them.)
	Hope this helps!
	Cheers,
	CHAMP
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 30 07:29:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA17990; Fri, 30 Oct 1998 07:29:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA21673; Fri, 30 Oct 1998 07:37:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021664; Fri, 30 Oct 98 07:36:56 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id LAA07309; Fri, 30 Oct 1998 11:41:43 GMT
Message-Id: <199810301141.LAA07309@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "CORALations, Inc." <corals@caribe.net>
To: "Coral-Listers" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Puerto Rico-Water Quality
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 1998 15:52:24 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 631
Greetings coral-listers,
=09CORALations is NGO based in San Juan, Puerto Rico. We are looking for
support or endorsement to the following letter to the U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Region 2,  regarding the discharge of primary sewage
into our coastal waters. PR has 5 pending 301(h) waivers which allows legal
discharge of primary sewage into our waters. Plants have been discharging
primary sewage (when functioning properly) as EPA 301(h) waivers continue
pending for in some cases, well over a decade. The specific plant addressed
in this letter, has not even been built yet.  Since this stands to impact
shared resources throughout the Caribbean, we are hoping to generate
supporters from the list.
=09Those who wish to support, please email corals@caribe.net and include
name, title, organization or agency, address, area code and phone for
confirmation along with a brief statement of support. Thank you, Mary Ann
Lucking, Project Coordinator.
October 31, 1998
Mrs. Jeanne M. Fox
Regional Administrator
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
290 Broadway
New York,  NY 10007-1866
Re: Dorado Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant 301(h) Application
Dear Mrs. Fox:
=09CORALations is a non-profit, ocean conservation organization based
in San Juan, Puerto Rico. We are writing to express our opposition to the
construction of yet another primary waste water treatment plant by the
Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority [PRASA] in Dorado, Puerto Rico.
We understand that PRASA has now requested another extension of the
deadline established by the Environmental Protection Agency to submit a
301(h) waiver application for this plant.
=09As you know, PRASA has been negligent in submitting the necessary
documents for the proposed Dorado plant as well as for other functioning
primary treatment plants, in some cases for more than a decade.  We do not
believe EPA originally introduced the 301(h) waivers with the intent of
facilitating this kind of abuse of the Clean Water Act, although this has
clearly been the outcome in Puerto Rico.
=09The discharge of improperly treated sewage into our coastal waters
has been documented by scientists as one of the major contributors to the
destruction of almost half of the coral reefs around the big island of
Puerto Rico.  Again, almost half of all our 7 to 9,000 year old reef
systems are dead.  The other half are dying at an alarming rate. Having
just returned from a meeting of the first U.S. Coral Reef Task Force
created in response to an Executive Order drafted to protect declining
reef systems, it is our understanding that EPA should now embrace the
following policy in all of its current decision making.
Section 2, Policy,  Executive Order 13089 -  Coral Reef Protection, Federal
Register Vol 83, No. 115, dated Tuesday, June 16, 1998:
(a) All Federal agencies whose actions may affect U.S. coral reef
ecosystems shall: (a) identify their actions that may affect U.S. coral
reef ecosystems; (b) utilize their programs and authorities to protect and
enhance the conditions of such ecosystems; and (c) To the extent permitted
by law, ensure that any actions they authorize , fund, or carry out will
not degrade the conditions of such ecosystems.
=09In this, =93The International Year of the Oceans=94, water quality
issues have been brought to the front lines of National concern. As
residents of Puerto Rico, it is not acceptable to us that your agency
allow an outdated primary treatment plant be constructed today, for use
well into the 21st century. During storms, our neighboring Loiza plant
discharges raw sewage. In Puerto Rico, water quality data is sparse and
often evaluated at intervals not sufficient to protect water recreators
and coastal residents.  We are concerned about entrusting an agency, which
has repeatedly demonstrated an inability to submit requests for 301(h)
waivers in a more than reasonable time frame, with the much more
complicated task of maintaining a primary plant in compliance to standards
as worded under 301(h) of the Clean Water Act.
=09Our recent review of the Environmental Impact Statement [EIS]
written in evaluation of a proposed deep ocean outfall for primary sewage
in Mayaguez, revealed incomplete data on seasonal currents for the area of
outfall, misleading conclusions drawn from insufficient data on species
documented in the area of outfall, and complete negligence on the part of
the originators to evaluate all practicable alternatives. We fear these
remaining pending waivers will be pushed forward in the same non-objective
and scientifically irresponsible manner, resulting in costly appeals for
all of us.
=09We join the many scientists around the globe who no longer embrace
=93dilution as the solution,=94 and who recognize the need to employ a
precautionary principle when engaged in waste water management planning.
This is especially important in such biologically diverse and sensitive
areas as the tropics.  There are cost effective waste water treatment
solutions which can be implemented in Puerto Rico. Our primary plants can
be re-fitted to secondary and the resulting waste discharged into man made
wetlands for final nutrient absorption.
=09We respectfully request that EPA deny PRASA's request for an
extension and also deny the pending 301(h) waiver for the proposed Dorado
facility.
Sincerely,
M.A. Lucking
Project Coordinator
cc.=09Hon. Bruce Babbitt
=09Hon. William Daley
=09Hon. Jorge Acevedo Mendez
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 31 11:56:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA06267; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 11:56:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA08064; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 12:04:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008059; Sat, 31 Oct 98 12:03:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA17378; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 16:17:46 GMT
Received: from whale.slt.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA17373; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 11:17:39 -0500
Received: from lakdiva.slt.lk (lakdiva.slt.lk [204.143.96.17])
	by whale.slt.lk (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id WAA24168
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 22:19:34 +0600 (GMT)
Received: from smtp.slt.lk (colombo5.slt.lk [204.143.97.69])
	by lakdiva.slt.lk (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id WAA26135
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 22:14:42 +0600 (GMT+0600)
Date: Sat, 31 Oct 1998 22:14:42 +0600 (GMT+0600)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.16.19981031221531.1af7a792@sltnet.lk>
X-Sender: firefish@sltnet.lk (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (16)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Prasanna Weerakkody <firefish@sltnet.lk>
Subject: "Pinkline disease"-Help!!!
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 632
Dear Coral listers
We are presently trying to come to terms with the aftermath of the 98
bleaching catastrophe here in Sri Lanka. We have already lost considerable
amount of coral cover in most of our reefs.  The Nature Conservation Group;
a volunteer  Environmental NGO' has been involved in an ongoing reef program
in the Buona-vista reef where we are observing the same trend in massive
structural change to the reef with considerable loss of living coral cover.
While still assessing the situation we are focusing on possibilities of
restoration of coral communities.
While most of the large Porites domes survived; the partially pigmented
colonies seem to be fast succumbing to an epidemic of a coral disease which
was identified as the "pink line disease" (pers. com. Dr. Thomas Goreau ).
The coral tissue is softened and killed by a thin (1-2mm.thick) pink line
advancing as a spreading ring. We are looking for ways in containing this
infection. I would be most grateful if anyone could enlighten me as to any
information or experience with controlling such infections. Can it be
controlled by over painting the infected line with some compound that would
stop it advancing, and if possible facilitate re-colonization by the coral
tissue. Man power is not a problem but we seek advice on what would be the
best method to employ in saving the corals.
The Porites boulders bleached and survived un-pigmented for over five
months. And is possibly very much weakened. Something need to be done
urgently as the spread of the disease is quite fast.
Hope you could assist us
Thanks.
Prasanna Weerakkody
Nature Conservation Group
No.9, Balapokuna place,
Colombo 6.
Sri Lanka
Phone: 941 856041
E-mail:	firefish@sltnet.lk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 31 23:37:13 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA08943; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 23:37:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA14314; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 23:45:07 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma014309; Sat, 31 Oct 98 23:44:54 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA21322; Sun, 1 Nov 1998 04:03:28 GMT
Received: from whale.slt.lk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA21317; Sat, 31 Oct 1998 23:03:20 -0500
Received: from lakdiva.slt.lk (lakdiva.slt.lk [204.143.96.17])
	by whale.slt.lk (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id KAA08266
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 1 Nov 1998 10:05:12 +0600 (GMT)
Received: from smtp.slt.lk (colombo5.slt.lk [204.143.97.69])
	by lakdiva.slt.lk (8.8.8/8.8.8) with SMTP id KAA09269
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 1 Nov 1998 10:00:20 +0600 (GMT+0600)
Date: Sun, 1 Nov 1998 10:00:20 +0600 (GMT+0600)
Message-Id: <1.5.4.16.19981101100106.23f74f54@sltnet.lk>
X-Sender: firefish@sltnet.lk
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.4 (16)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Prasanna Weerakkody <firefish@sltnet.lk>
Subject: Bleaching at Buona-vista reef, Sri Lanka
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 633
"Coral Bleaching at the Buona-vista reef, Sri Lanka 1998"
The year 1998 observed the most severe coral bleaching observed in Sri Lanka
in documented times.  The following is an account of the observations from
the Buona-vista coral reef in Southern Sri Lanka by the Nature Conservation
Group field teams.
During the month of March 1998 a few instances of coral bleaching was
observed on Poritid coral boulders, these consisted of bleached spots
5-15cm. across on otherwise normal coral heads.  A large and spreading patch
of bleached corals were observed on the reef crest as early as the 26 of
March. The bleaching was restricted to reef crest areas less than 0.5m.deep;
with corals down to 1m. beginning to lose pigmentation.  The affected
species included Acropora formosa, Pocillopora damicornis, some favids and
few colonies of Montipora aequetuberculata.
By the middle (10th -12th) of April extensive bleaching was reported. A
survey from the 5-7th May observed the corals were bleaching down to a depth
of over 6m. An estimated 90-95% of all coral in Buona-vista reef was
affected. The documented water temperature had reached 36 degrees
centigrade, Only the corals belonging to the Genus Montipora was observed to
be tolerant of the warm water conditions.  Colonies of M. aequituberculata
was affected in the shallow water but retained most of its color in waters
over 1.5m deep. Other species of Montipora were affected to different degrees.
An unusual phenomenon was observed where some bleached corals developed
large irregular patches of Bright blue pigmentation. This was observed
primarily in genera Acropora, Echinopora and Montipora. The colour remained
for a few weeks before fading out.
In addition to Scleractinian corals, bleaching was observed in Soft corals
(Sarcophyton, Lobophyton etc.) and Zooantharians (Discosoma sp.) The algal
pigmentation of photosynthesizing Ascidians was not observably affected at
this stage.
The Monsoon conditions were beginning to take effect over the reef around
the 15-20 May resulting in heavy wave action, reduced visibility and a
considerable cooling of the water.  A short dive was undertaken on the 23rd.
May.  The Water was observably 'Cold' (no measurements taken) compared to
the previous weeks and signs of re-pigmentation was observed in some corals.
Most colonies of Porites rus had regained normal coloration, followed by
most Montipora colonies, Leptoria, Favids, and some Pociloporids.  Different
species of Acropora showed faint signs of pigmentation.  Acropora formosa
remained bleached.
Continued surveying between 19-21 June reported temperatures fluctuating
between 27 C and 29 C The recovery was slow with most corals still bleached
or only showing signs of partial recovery.  Over 90% of colonies of Porites
rus, Montipora aequituberculata, M. turgescens, Leptoria and Symphyllia
indicated full re-pigmentation. Echinopora lamellosa, Most Favids, Galaxia,
and Leptoria showed irregular patterns of recovery with some colonies fully
recovered and others remaining bleached. Though some species had regained
partial pigmentation most Acropora spp., Pocillopora spp. and Porites
boulder corals showed slowest recovery .  Large tracts of coral close to the
reef crest had died and was overgrown with filamentous brown algae, Didemnid
ascidians and a Black encrusting sponge. The Porites boulders are undergoing
an epidemic of the" Pink-line disease" (Pers.com. Dr. Thomas Goreau) which
attacks the coral as an advancing pink ring or line 1-2mm thick.
The Soft corals belonging to genera Sarcophyton and Lobophyton were
beginning to show significant levels of mortality in areas 4m and deeper.
Some large colonies of Zooanthids belonging to genus Discosoma was also
beginning to regress and show signs of weakness.
Observations were paused due to the onset of the Monsoon with loss of
underwater visibility. Preliminary observations carried out within the past
week indicate that the reef lost almost all its Acropora and Pocillopora
colonies, most of the Echinopora also succumbed. Even the colonies that
indicated some re-pigmentation had later been killed off. The structural
change to the reef is staggering as these were the dominant genera in the
reef previously. The reef possibly lost over 70% of its coral cover. The
Porites rus and Montipora aequituberculata showed the best survival rates.
The Porites domes which remained bleached for over 5 months is only
re-gaining its pigmentation now. The pink line disease has spread on to
cover and has killed considerable areas of surface on the Porites boulders.
Almost all the colonies seem to be affected now. The changes to the reef
both in terms of structure and bio-diversity is heavy. The Zooantharians
(Discosoma spp.) had recovered and was prolifereating over the dead coral
areas with sponges, ascidians and algae.  The larger soft corals killed off
show no signs of return yet.
Contrasting observations were made in the  Eastern coast close to
Trincomalee in early September.  Two reef sites Green bay and Rocky were
surveyed and were found to be in excellent condition with 50-60% live coral
cover, Strangely the reefs did not show any signs of bleaching. Either the
reefs recovered 100% very fast or they were not affected by the warm water.
Possibly due to the morphology of the coast shielding the area from the hot
water current advancing from the South-West.
....................................................
Hope this information would be of use to Listers interested in bleaching in
the region.
Regards.
Prasanna Weerakkody
Nature Conservation Group.
No.9, Balapokuna place,
Colombo 6.
Sri Lanka.
Phone: 941 856041
E-mail: firefish@sltnet.lk
The Nature Conservation Group is a volunteer environmental NGO in Sri Lanka
dedicated to the preservation of Coral reefs and Marine Ecosystems in Sri Lanka.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov  2 10:13:57 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA17670; Mon, 2 Nov 1998 10:13:56 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA06813; Mon, 2 Nov 1998 10:21:54 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006802; Mon, 2 Nov 98 10:21:43 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA03160; Mon, 2 Nov 1998 14:10:18 GMT
Received: from smtp.unp.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA03131; Mon, 2 Nov 1998 09:08:58 -0500
Received: from UNP-Message_Server by smtp.unp.ac.za
	with Novell_GroupWise; Mon, 02 Nov 1998 16:04:54 +0200
Message-Id: <s63dd826.088@smtp.unp.ac.za>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.2
Date: Mon, 02 Nov 1998 16:04:28 +0200
From: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: "Pinkline disease" -Reply
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 634
Dear Coral-Listers,
>>> Prasanna Weerakkody <firefish@sltnet.lk> wrote:
We are presently trying to come to terms with the aftermath of the 98
bleaching catastrophe here in Sri Lanka.......While most of the large
Porites domes survived; the partially pigmented colonies seem to be
fast succumbing to an epidemic of a coral disease which was identified
as the "pink line disease" (pers. com. Dr. Thomas Goreau ).  The coral
tissue is softened and killed by a thin (1-2mm.thick) pink line
advancing as a spreading ring.
>> This sounds very much like something we have seen here earlier this
year on _Porites_ mounds in the Sodwana Bay reef complex.
 We are looking for ways in containing this infection. I would be most
grateful if anyone could enlighten me as to any information or
experience with controlling such infections.
>> If Prasanna Weerakkody or anybody else has anymore information on
this, please forward the necessary to me - I'd certainly like to hear
more about this.
Regards,
Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov  4 13:08:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA24347; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 13:08:26 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA28207; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 13:16:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028118; Wed, 4 Nov 98 13:16:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA24491; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 17:26:01 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA24467; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 12:22:35 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.8] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA14406; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 15:21:23 -0300
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 15:21:23 -0300
Message-Id: <9811041821.AA14406@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 635
        Dear coral-listers,
        Thanks a lot for all the answers I've got for my former message
(there were so many answers that it's not possible to thank each of you
individually). Your contributions surely will help a lot in the development
of my lab's research. Please let me know if you want to know more about
Brazilian reefs. Looking forward to hearing from you, kind regards.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov  5 10:43:51 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA08822; Thu, 5 Nov 1998 10:43:48 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA08682; Thu, 5 Nov 1998 10:51:51 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008665; Thu, 5 Nov 98 10:51:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA00496; Thu, 5 Nov 1998 14:53:25 GMT
Received: from oceanus.island.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA00491; Thu, 5 Nov 1998 09:53:17 -0500
Received: from armada-1540 (dyn12.north.island.net [209.52.235.22])
	by oceanus.island.net (8.9.1/8.9.1/island) with SMTP id GAA06368;
	Thu, 5 Nov 1998 06:49:50 -0800
Message-Id: <3.0.6.32.19981105064812.00796400@mail.imag.net>
X-Sender: sry.jenlash@mail.imag.net
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.6 (32)
Date: Thu, 05 Nov 1998 06:48:12 -0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, enorse@u.washington.edu,
        fisheries@ecology.bio.dfo.ca, GULFTALK@mitvma.mit.edu
From: Jennifer Lash <jenlash@bcwild.org>
Subject: Please sign on
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 636
>
> PLEASE SIGN ON...PLEASE SIGN ON...PLEASE SIGN ON
>
>  (apologies for duplication)
>
> I am writing to you on behalf of BC Wild and the Living Oceans Society.
Both of these organizations work on a wide range of marine conservation issues
> including sustainable fisheries and marine protected areas in British
> Columbia.
>
> As you are probably aware, the provincial government of BC and the
federal government of Canada recently released  The MPA Strategy For The
Pacific
> Coast. This document is now out for public review and can be found on the
> internet at: www.luco.gov.bc.ca
>
> It is our view that this document fails in two ways:
>
> 1. It does not recommend a core of no-take marine protected areas.
> 2. The minimum standards of no dumping, no dredging, no extraction of
> non-renewable resources are indaquate.
>
> In response BC Wild and Living Oceans has written Seas the Day: A Call
for
> Action (included in this email). We believe that regional, national and
> international endorsements of Seas the Day will encourage our governments
to
> strengthen this document. Please email me at jenlash@bcwild.org and let
me
> know if you endorse Seas the Day: A Call for Action. I look forward to
> hearing from you.
>
> Sincerely,
>
> Jennifer Lash
> Marine Campaign Cordinator              Executive Director
> BC Wild                                 Living Oceans Society
>
> ph) 250-973-6580,  fax) 250-973-6581,  email) jenlash@bcwild.org
>
>
> SEAS THE DAY:
> A CALL FOR ACTION
>
> We the undersigned marine scientists, conservation biologists, and
> conservation organizations call upon the provincial government of British
> Columbia and the federal government of Canada to establish a system of
> marine protected areas built around a core network of no-take areas by
the
> year 2010.
>
> The biodiversity in these waters is spectacular. The Pacific Ocean that
> falls within the 200 mile limit of British Columbia and Canada is rich in
> marine life with several hundred species of fish, thousands of species of
> invertebrates, 26 species of marine mammals, and a myriad of seabirds. In
> fact these waters are home to the largest species of octopus, fastest
> growing plant, and greatest number of sea stars in the world. These
waters
> have provided sustenance for the First Nations for centuries as well as
> playing and integral part of the native culture. Presently the ocean is
of
> great economic and
> cultural importance for all coastal communities.
>
> These special waters are currently threatened. Decreased catches in all
> commercial and recreational fisheries, complete closure of the abalone
> fishery, closure of the commercial lingcod fishery in the Strait of
Georgia,
> drastic decline in rockfish populations, and the threat of losing genetic
> variability in all salmon stocks indicates that current fisheries
management
> policies are inadequate. In addition, the finfish aquaculture industry
has
> introduced Atlantic salmon to these waters and which are suspected of
> spreading disease to wild salmon. Tourism is a rapidly growing industry
in
> BC and the subsequent increase in kayaking, cruise ships, whale watching
> vessels, and
> recreational boating is impacting the environment. We must take action
> immediately if we are to conserve marine biodiversity and ensure a
healthy
> ocean for the future.
>
> One underutilized tool in the conservation of marine biodiversity and the
> management of fisheries are marine protected areas (MPAs). The
governments
> of BC and Canada have recognized this and recently produced a joint
> discussion paper titled Marine Protected Areas: A Strategy for Canada's
> Pacific Coast. Although it is admirable for these governments to embark
on
> this initiative, in its current form this MPA Strategy is too weak to
> effectively preserve marine biodiversity and develop
> sustainable fisheries.
>
> Therefore the undersigned urge the provincial government of British
Columbia
> and the federal government of Canada to commit, in their joint MAP
Strategy,
> to establish a network of marine protected areas within the 200 mile
limit
> of Canada's pacific coast by the year 2010 that:
>
> 1. Has as its core a  network of no-take marine protected areas covering
all
> habitat types.
> 2. All MPAs  have  minimum standards that prohibit:
> 	finfish aquaculture
> 	bottom trawling
> 	ocean dumping
> 	dredging
> 	exploration for, or development of, non renewable resources
> 	ballast water dumping
> 	intentional introduction of alien species
> 	discharge of waste from outfalls
> 	recreational artificial reefs
> 	log booming or log dumping
>
> We have mismanaged our ocean in the past and now we have the opportunity
to
> start correcting our past actions. Let's act now to develop a network of
> marine protected areas that will truly protect marine biodiversity and
> ensure a healthy ocean for the future
>
>
>
> SOME PROMINENET ENDORSERS OF
> SEAS THE DAY
>
> Dr. Jon Lien
> Dr. Bill Ballantine
> Dr. Don McAllister
> Dr. Richard Haedrich
Dr. Michael Soule
Dr. Jim Estes
Dr. Daniel Pauly
> Georgia Strait Alliance
> Sierra Club of BC
> Canadain Marine Environmental Protection Society
> Living Oceans Society
> BC Wild
> The Wildlands Project
> The David Suzuki Foundation
>
>
>
____________________________________________________________________________
>
>
> Marine Campaign Coordinator        Executive Director
> BC Wild                            Living Oceans Society
>
> ph) 250-973-6580  fax) 250-973-6581  email) jenlash@bcwild.org
I think we already are signed on? International Year of the Tiger
Foundation.
Cecilie Davidson, President, IYTF
>
Jennifer Lash
Marine Campaign Coordinator
BC Wild
ph) 250-973-6580
fax) 250-973-6581
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov  6 12:34:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA29094; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 12:34:24 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA03990; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 12:42:29 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003983; Fri, 6 Nov 98 12:42:21 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA04890; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 16:32:09 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA04885; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 11:31:39 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.8] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA40406; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 14:30:50 -0300
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 14:30:50 -0300
Message-Id: <9811061730.AA40406@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics (summary of
  answers)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 637
        Dear coral-listers,
        Here goes a summary of the answers I received about my mail
searching for hidrodynamics measuring methods:
        I received 15 answers. Eight of them recomended plaster of Paris,
gypsum or chalk clods, cubes or spheres as the most appropriate way to
measure water movement. Greg Boland also suggested alabaster. The references
I received are listed below:
        Shashar, N., S. Kinane, P.L. Jokiel, and M.R. Patterson. 1996.
        Hydromechanical boundary layers over a coral reef. Journal of
Experimental
        Marine Biology and Ecology. 199:17-28.
        Doty, JE, and MS Doty.  1973.  Abrasion in the measurement of water
motion
        with the clod-card technique: Bull. of S. Cal. Acad. of Sci. v.27, pp
        40-41.
        Thompson T, and E Glenn.  1994.  Plaster standards to measure water
        motion: L&O 39:7 pp. 1768-1770.
        Jokiel, P. L. and J. I. Morrissey. 1993. Water motion on coral
        reefs: evaluation of the "clod card" technique. Mar Ecol Prog
        Ser 93:175-1993.
        Komatsu, T., and Kawai, H. (1992). Measurements of time-averaged
intensity
        of water motion with plaster balls. Journal of Oceanography 48, 353-365.
        Komatsu, T., and Murakami, S. (1994). Influence of a Sargassum
forest on the
        spatial diatribution of water flow. Fisheries Oceanography 3,
256-266.
        Craig Bingman suggested this site, where I could find some more
references about this subject, and a description of the method:
        http://www.aquariumfrontiers.com/1998/aug/features/1/default.asp
        Three alternative and interesting suggestions came from Hugh
Sweatman, David Obura and Ron Hill. Their answers were:
        Hugh Sweatman <hsweatma@email.aims.gov.au>
"It seems to me that a device that relies on venturi effects to draw dye
from a container through a standard aperture might be better.  I envisaged
using small vials [film containers?] filled with ink and having two
hypodermic needles sticking out of the top, one long one to allow the
currents to draw the ink out and one short to let the water in.  Then you
could use a colorimeter to measure dilution."
        David Obura <dobura@AfricaOnline.co.ke>
"I did see an interesting method used for released larval fish from cages
- they used doughnut shaped candies/sweets (lifesavers) to hold a door
closed so that after some time (not so long) the candy was dissolved,
releasing the door.  Maybe there is some hard and resistant (and cheap)
Brazilian candy that would work!!"
        Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
"Dr. Angie McGeehee tested a device that paired copper and zinc metals (to
measure galvanic corrosion) in reef areas.  The test units need to be calibrated
for your area and temperatures but the results were pretty good, and the overall
materials are relatively easy to put together.  I think she has a publication
out on the method, I can probably get a copy to send you or I can track down her
address for you to contact her directly.  Let me know if you are interested in
further information."
        Thanks a lot for your help, and I hope that this summary may help
you in your work
        Sincerely,
        Marcos Soares Barbeitos
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov  6 16:53:45 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA03957; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 16:53:42 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA18542; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 17:01:46 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018504; Fri, 6 Nov 98 17:00:46 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA05945; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 21:01:29 GMT
Received: from avatar.pty.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA05940; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 16:01:22 -0500
Received: from angel by avatar.pty.com (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id PAA09828; Fri, 6 Nov 1998 15:57:20 +0500
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981106155945.006c6764@mail.pty.com>
X-Sender: angeltri@mail.pty.com
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Fri, 06 Nov 1998 15:59:45 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Angel Tribaldos T." <angeltri@pty.com>
Subject: Video Transects
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 638
Dear coral-listers
I am a student in the master of ecology and conservancy in The Universidad
Santa Maria La Antigua. I am making my thesis in video recording evaluation
of the coral in Potobelo National Park.  I am intersted in references or
papers in recently publications about video or photo evaluation, in benthic
organisms or ecological studies.
Thanks your help, please send information to:
Angel Tribaldos T.
e-mail:  angeltri@pty.com
or Mail:
P.O. Box 6-8591 El Dorado.
Panama, Rep. de Panama.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov  9 08:14:19 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA19056; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 08:14:17 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA04836; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 08:22:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004828; Mon, 9 Nov 98 08:22:09 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA15307; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 12:41:50 GMT
Date: Mon, 9 Nov 1998 12:41:50 GMT
Message-Id: <199811091241.MAA15307@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Amy Paine" <paine@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Conference Notice: CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION,
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 639
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
Date: Fri, 6 Nov 1998 16:40:39 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Dear Coral Reef Colleagues,
Here is an announcement and call for papers for what we feel will be a very
interesting April 14-16, 1999 Conference. Please check the indicated web
site or write for more info.
**************************************************************************
ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PAPERS:
International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
14-16 April 1999 Ft. Lauderdale, FL USA
Organized by the National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
Purpose: To develop a scientific synthesis of assessment, monitoring, and
restoration designed for enhanced understanding and management of all
aspects of coral reefs. This conference seeks to also identify emerging
concepts and to describe new and innovative scientific and technological
approaches.
Format: The conference will include invited keynote and plenary talks,
contributed papers in three concurrent sessions, a poster session, and
workshops.
Abstracts:  Abstract submission information is available on the web or will
be mailed upon request. A special peer-reviewed publication of Plenary
Talks and selected Contributed Papers is planned.
Registration: Early registration fees apply before 1 January 1999. There is
a significant student discount. Registration includes the Conference
program of invited Keynote, Plenary Talks, Contributed Papers, Poster
Session, Abstract Book, opening reception, closing banquet, poster
reception, continental breakfast and break refreshments for each of the
three days.
Venue: The Radisson Bahia Mar Beach Resort is located in the heart of Ft.
Lauderdale, Florida. Special conference rates are available.
For more information on the conference and for registration please check
the web at:
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
or contact:
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.
Dania, FL 33004 USA
ncriconfinfo@mako.ocean.nova.edu
PHONE: 954-923-3390
Fax: 954-921-7764
**************************************************************************
Thank you.
Amy Paine, Assistant, Administrative Operations
National Coral Reef Institute
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.; Dania, FL 33004
voice (954) 923-3390; fax (954)-921-7764
NSU OC web page: http://www.nova.edu/ocean/
NOTICE: International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov  9 11:40:09 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA24279; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 11:40:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA08076; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 11:48:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008067; Mon, 9 Nov 98 11:48:10 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA16228; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 16:03:18 GMT
Received: from mero.invemar.org.co by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA16223; Mon, 9 Nov 1998 11:03:07 -0500
From: caricomp@invemar.org.co
Message-Id: <199811091603.LAA16223@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from invemar.org.co [200.25.13.131]
	by mero.invemar.org.co (AltaVista Mail V2.0D/2.0D BL25D listener)
	id 0000_0062_3647_1108_0228;
	Mon, 09 Nov 1998 10:58:00 -0500
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Disposition: inline
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
X-Note: Latest version at http://EmuMail.com
Reply-To: caricomp@invemar.org.co
Date: Mon, 09 Nov 1998 15:58:00 GMT
X-Mailer: EMUmail 2.70
Subject: Genets and Ramets
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 640
Dear listers,
I'm looking for references about genets and ramets of different species of corals, specially Montastraea annularis.
I need to know if the visual identification of different genets (color, polip form, etc) is enought to said that they come from different larva.  Is there any paper about this?
Thanking you in advance,
Diego L. Gil-Agudelo
Research Assistant
INVEMAR
This message sent using EMUmail.  http://EmuMail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 10 14:02:37 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA15122; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 14:02:34 -0500 (EST)
From: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA12481; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 14:10:45 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012381; Tue, 10 Nov 98 14:10:07 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA21508; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 17:56:54 GMT
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 17:56:54 GMT
Message-Id: <199811101756.RAA21508@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Apparently-To: coral-list-outgoing@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 641
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 14:59:45 -0100
From: Aqua-Fact <aquafact@iol.ie>
To: coral-list
Subject: References to reef restoration
Sender: owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Dear All,
Many thanks to those who sent references and as promised I'm broadcasting
what I was sent. I'd be happy to keep collating and updating you all if
others care to forward references, sources, email address etc to me.
Just had the end of Mitch pass over us here - I can't imaging what it was
like down in Central America.
Regards to all.
Brendan O'Connor
REEF REFERENCES
van Treeck, P. and Schuhmacher, B. 1997. Initial survival of coral nubbins
using electrochemical methods to fix small fragments to new substrate.
Marine Ecology Progress Series, 150 : 287 - 292.
Jaap, W.C. and Morelock, J. 1997. Soto's reef restoration project.
Munoz Chagin, R. 1997. Transplantation program in Cozumel, Mexico.
Proceedings of 8th International Coral Reef Congress, Vol. II : 2075 -
2078.
Hudson, H. and Goodwin, W. 1997. Restoration and growth rate of hurricane
damaged pillar coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus ) in the Key Largo National
Marine sanctuary, Florida. Proceedings of the 8th International Coral Reef
Symposium, Vol. 1, 567 - 570.
Hudson, H. and Diaz, R. 1988. Damage survey and restoration of M/V Wellwood
grounding site, Molasses Reef, Key Largo National Marine Sanctuary,
Florida. Proc 6th Int Coral Reef Symp 2:231-236.
Rinkevich, B 1995. Restoration strategies for coral reefs damaged by
recreational activities: the use of sexual and asexual recruits. Restoration
Ecology,  3 : 241-251.
Gittings S. R., Bright ,  T.J. and  Hagman , D.K. 1993 The M/V Wellwood and
other
large vessel groundings: coral reef damage and recovery. Proc. Coll. on
Global Aspects of Coral Reefs: Health, Hazards and History. Miami, FL. pp.
174-180.
Hudson, H., Robbin, D., Tilmant, J. and Wheaton, J. 1989. Building a coral
reef in southeast Florida : combining technology and aesthetics. Bulletin
of Marine Science, Vol. 44 : 1067 - 1068.
Clark, S. and Edwards, A. 1994. The use of artificial reef structures to
rehabilitate reef flats degraded by coral mining in the Maldives. Bulletin
of Marine Science, 55 : 714 - 744.
Clark, S. and Edwards, A. 1995. Coral transplantation as an aid to reef
rehabilitation : evaluation of a case study in the Maldives Islands. Coral
Reefs 14 : 201 - 213.
Sakai, K., Nishihiri, M., Kakinuma, Y. and Song, J. 1989. A short-term
field experiment on the effect of siltation on survival and growth of
transplanted Pocillopora damicornis   branchlets. Galexea, 8 : 143 - 156.
Yap, W. and Gomex, E. 1985. Growth of Acropora pulchra . III. Preliminary
observations on the effects of transplantation and sediment on the growth
and survival of transplants. Marine Biology, 87 : 203 - 209.
Auberson, B. (1982), Coral transplantation: an approach to re-establishment
of damaged reefs. Kalikasan 11: 158-172.
Carlton, J.H., Sammarco, P.W. (1987), Effects of substratum irregularity on
success of coral settlement: quantification by comparative geomorphological
techniques. Bull. Mar. Sci. 40: 85-98.
Craik, W., Kenchington, R., Kelleher, G. (1990), Coral reef management. In
Dubinsky Z (ed) Coral Reefs. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 453-467.
Goreau, T.J., Hilbertz, W. (1997), Reef restoration using seawater
electrolysis in Jamaica. Proc. 8th Int. Coral Reef Symp.
Harriott, V.J., Fisk, D.A. (1988), Coral transplantation as a reef
management option. Proc. 6th Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 375-379.
Plucer-Rosario, G.P., Randall, R.H. (1987), Preservation of reef coral
species by transplantation: an examination of their recruitment and growth.
Bull. Mar. Sci. 41: 585-593.
Yates, K., Carleson, B.A. (1992), Corals in aquariums: how to use selective
collecting and innovative husbandry to promote reef conservation. Proc. 7th
Int. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 1091-1095.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 10 14:09:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA15277; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 14:09:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA13241; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 14:17:49 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013194; Tue, 10 Nov 98 14:17:16 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA21638; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 18:27:01 GMT
Received: from send1b.yahoomail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA21633; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 13:26:57 -0500
Message-ID: <19981110182243.9820.rocketmail@send1b.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [206.48.245.57] by send1b; Tue, 10 Nov 1998 10:22:43 PST
Date: Tue, 10 Nov 1998 10:22:43 -0800 (PST)
From: Gerardo Bonilla <gerbocepa@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 642
Dear coral-listers
I am making my thesis whit 3D reefs maps in Mexico and I would like
to know about more techniques or software for make the 3D reefs maps.
I am interested in references or papers in recently publications about
this,
Thanks your help, please send information to:
e-mail:  gerbocepa@yahoo.com
Gerardo Bonilla
_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 11 06:47:17 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA23608; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 06:47:16 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA03827; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 06:55:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003819; Wed, 11 Nov 98 06:54:32 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA25638; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 10:54:14 GMT
Received: from smtp.unp.ac.za by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA25633; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 05:54:06 -0500
Received: from UNP-Message_Server by smtp.unp.ac.za
	with Novell_GroupWise; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 12:50:08 +0200
Message-Id: <s6498800.024@smtp.unp.ac.za>
X-Mailer: Novell GroupWise 5.2
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1998 12:49:58 +0200
From: "Jan Korrubel" <KorrubelJ@science.unp.ac.za>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Malicious virus - CAUGHT AGAIN?!?!?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 643
>>> David Zakai <zakaid@rocketmail.com> wrote:
If you receive an e-mail titled Win A. Holiday DO NOT open it.It will
erase everything on your hard drive.  Forward this letter out to as
many people as you can.  This is a new, very malicious virus and not
many people know about it. This information was announced yesterday
morning from Microsoft, please share it again pass this along to
everyone in your address book so that this may be stopped.
>> I am afraid that you (and now also the rest of us due to you
forwarding the email) are indeed victims of a malaise - that of a HOAX
virus.
>> Why is it that so many intelligent? people fall for all these
hoaxes
that are perpetrated on the Internet?? I presume there must be some
mass Gullibility Virus contaminating the Internet community.
>> Before spreading any of this around further the Internet, check the
FAQs.
      *  Department of Energy Computer Incident Advisory
         Capability at
              <http://ciac.llnl.gov/ciac/CIACHoaxes.html>
      *  Symantec Anti Virus Research Center at
              <http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.html>
      *  McAfee Associates Virus Hoax List at
              <http://www.mcafee.com/support/hoax.html>
      *  Dr. Solomons Hoax Page at
              <http://www.drsolomons.com/vircen/hoax.html>
      *  The Urban Legends Web Site at
              <http://www.urbanlegends.com>
      *  Datafellows Hoax Warnings at
              <http://www.Europe.Datafellows.com/news/hoax.htm>
>> Courses in critical thinking are also widely available online.
People can help inoculate themselves against the Gullibility Virus by
reading some good material on evaluating sources, such as:
      *  Evaluating Internet Research Sources at
              <http://www.sccu.edu/faculty/R_Harris/evalu8it.htm>
      *  Evaluation of Information Sources at
              <http://www.vuw.ac.nz/ agsmith/evaln/evaln.htm>
      *  Bibliography on Evaluating Internet Resources at
              <http://refserver.lib.vt.edu/libinst/critTHINK.HTM>
Jan Korrubel
University of Natal
South Africa.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 11 12:11:49 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA26149; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 12:11:47 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA13416; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 12:20:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013409; Wed, 11 Nov 98 12:19:35 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA28332; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 16:39:11 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA28327; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 11:38:50 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.48] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA53834; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:37:01 -0300
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:37:01 -0300
Message-Id: <9811111737.AA53834@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics (summary of
  answers)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 644
        Dear coral-listers,
        Here goes a summary of the answers I received about my mail
searching for hidrodynamics measuring methods:
        I received 15 answers. Eight of them recomended plaster of Paris,
gypsum or chalk clods, cubes or spheres as the most appropriate way to
measure water movement. Greg Boland also suggested alabaster. The references
I received are listed below:
        Shashar, N., S. Kinane, P.L. Jokiel, and M.R. Patterson. 1996.
        Hydromechanical boundary layers over a coral reef. Journal of
        Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 199:17-28.
        Doty, JE, and MS Doty.  1973.  Abrasion in the measurement of water
        motion with the clod-card technique: Bull. of S. Cal. Acad. of Sci.
v.27, pp
        40-41.
        Thompson T, and E Glenn.  1994.  Plaster standards to measure water
        motion: L&O 39:7 pp. 1768-1770.
        Jokiel, P. L. and J. I. Morrissey. 1993. Water motion on coral
        reefs: evaluation of the "clod card" technique. Mar Ecol Prog
        Ser 93:175-1993.
        Komatsu, T., and Kawai, H. (1992). Measurements of time-averaged
        intensity of water motion with plaster balls. Journal of
Oceanography 48,         353-365.
        Komatsu, T., and Murakami, S. (1994). Influence of a Sargassum
        forest on the spatial diatribution of water flow. Fisheries
Oceanography 3,
        256-266.
Craig Bingman suggested this site, where I could find some more
references about this subject, and a description of the method:
        http://www.aquariumfrontiers.com/1998/aug/features/1/default.asp
Three alternative and interesting suggestions came from Hugh
Sweatman, David Obura and Ron Hill. Their answers were:
        Hugh Sweatman <hsweatma@email.aims.gov.au>
"It seems to me that a device that relies on venturi effects to draw dye
from a container through a standard aperture might be better.  I envisaged
using small vials [film containers?] filled with ink and having two
hypodermic needles sticking out of the top, one long one to allow the
currents to draw the ink out and one short to let the water in.  Then you
could use a colorimeter to measure dilution."
        David Obura <dobura@AfricaOnline.co.ke>
"I did see an interesting method used for released larval fish from cages
- they used doughnut shaped candies/sweets (lifesavers) to hold a door
closed so that after some time (not so long) the candy was dissolved,
releasing the door.  Maybe there is some hard and resistant (and cheap)
Brazilian candy that would work!!"
        Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
"Dr. Angie McGeehee tested a device that paired copper and zinc metals (to
measure galvanic corrosion) in reef areas.  The test units need to be calibrated
for your area and temperatures but the results were pretty good, and the overall
materials are relatively easy to put together.  I think she has a publication
out on the method, I can probably get a copy to send you or I can track down her
address for you to contact her directly.  Let me know if you are interested in
further information."
        Thanks a lot for your help, and I hope that this summary may help
you in your work
        Sincerely,
        Marcos Soares Barbeitos
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 11 14:18:31 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA27155; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:18:30 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA16809; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:26:42 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016772; Wed, 11 Nov 98 14:25:56 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA29074; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 18:19:29 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA29069; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 13:17:12 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.48] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA53794; Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:36:58 -0300
Date: Wed, 11 Nov 1998 14:36:58 -0300
Message-Id: <9811111736.AA53794@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics (summary of
  answers)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 645
        Dear coral-listers,
        Here goes a summary of the answers I received about my mail
searching for hidrodynamics measuring methods:
        I received 15 answers. Eight of them recomended plaster of Paris,
gypsum or chalk clods, cubes or spheres as the most appropriate way to
measure water movement. Greg Boland also suggested alabaster. The references
I received are listed below:
        Shashar, N., S. Kinane, P.L. Jokiel, and M.R. Patterson. 1996.
        Hydromechanical boundary layers over a coral reef. Journal of
Experimental
        Marine Biology and Ecology. 199:17-28.
        Doty, JE, and MS Doty.  1973.  Abrasion in the measurement of water
motion
        with the clod-card technique: Bull. of S. Cal. Acad. of Sci. v.27, pp
        40-41.
        Thompson T, and E Glenn.  1994.  Plaster standards to measure water
        motion: L&O 39:7 pp. 1768-1770.
        Jokiel, P. L. and J. I. Morrissey. 1993. Water motion on coral
        reefs: evaluation of the "clod card" technique. Mar Ecol Prog
        Ser 93:175-1993.
        Komatsu, T., and Kawai, H. (1992). Measurements of time-averaged
intensity
        of water motion with plaster balls. Journal of Oceanography 48, 353-365.
        Komatsu, T., and Murakami, S. (1994). Influence of a Sargassum
forest on the
        spatial diatribution of water flow. Fisheries Oceanography 3,
256-266.
        Craig Bingman suggested this site, where I could find some more
references about this subject, and a description of the method:
        http://www.aquariumfrontiers.com/1998/aug/features/1/default.asp
        Three alternative and interesting suggestions came from Hugh
Sweatman, David Obura and Ron Hill. Their answers were:
        Hugh Sweatman <hsweatma@email.aims.gov.au>
"It seems to me that a device that relies on venturi effects to draw dye
from a container through a standard aperture might be better.  I envisaged
using small vials [film containers?] filled with ink and having two
hypodermic needles sticking out of the top, one long one to allow the
currents to draw the ink out and one short to let the water in.  Then you
could use a colorimeter to measure dilution."
        David Obura <dobura@AfricaOnline.co.ke>
"I did see an interesting method used for released larval fish from cages
- they used doughnut shaped candies/sweets (lifesavers) to hold a door
closed so that after some time (not so long) the candy was dissolved,
releasing the door.  Maybe there is some hard and resistant (and cheap)
Brazilian candy that would work!!"
        Ron Hill <Ron.Hill@noaa.gov>
"Dr. Angie McGeehee tested a device that paired copper and zinc metals (to
measure galvanic corrosion) in reef areas.  The test units need to be calibrated
for your area and temperatures but the results were pretty good, and the overall
materials are relatively easy to put together.  I think she has a publication
out on the method, I can probably get a copy to send you or I can track down her
address for you to contact her directly.  Let me know if you are interested in
further information."
        Thanks a lot for your help, and I hope that this summary may help
you in your work
        Sincerely,
        Marcos Soares Barbeitos
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 12 20:37:56 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA16808; Thu, 12 Nov 1998 20:37:55 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA12069; Thu, 12 Nov 1998 20:46:09 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012063; Thu, 12 Nov 98 20:45:08 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA01563; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 00:50:47 GMT
Received: from socrates.berkeley.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA01558; Thu, 12 Nov 1998 19:50:44 -0500
Received: from [128.32.110.143] (rlc5.Biol.Berkeley.EDU [128.32.110.143]) by socrates.berkeley.edu (8.8.8/8.8.0) with ESMTP id QAA21963 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 12 Nov 1998 16:46:48 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <v04003a15b2713076c6ef@[128.32.110.143]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Thu, 12 Nov 1998 16:45:11 -0800
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Roy Caldwell <4roy@socrates.berkeley.edu>
Subject: Bleaching in Belize
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 646
One of my graduate students, Kate Schafer, just returned to her study site
at Spanish Bay Cay in Belize and reports massive bleaching in progress.
Things were fine a few weeks ago.   Are other sites in Belize reporting
bleaching?
Roy Caldwell
*****************************************
 Roy L. Caldwell
 Department of Integrative Biology
 University of California at Berkeley
*****************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 13 08:07:00 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA19983; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 08:06:58 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA23050; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 08:15:13 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023036; Fri, 13 Nov 98 08:14:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA24491; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 17:26:01 GMT
Received: from acd.ufrj.br by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA24467; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 12:22:35 -0500
Received: from [146.164.124.8] by acd.ufrj.br (AIX 4.1/UCB 5.64/4.03)
          id AA14406; Wed, 4 Nov 1998 15:21:23 -0300
Date: Wed, 4 Nov 1998 15:21:23 -0300
Message-Id: <9811041821.AA14406@acd.ufrj.br>
X-Sender: msbb@acd.ufrj.br
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Marcos Soares Barbeitos <msbb@acd.ufrj.br>
Subject: Looking for a new method to measure hidrodynamics
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 647
        Dear coral-listers,
        Thanks a lot for all the answers I've got for my former message
(there were so many answers that it's not possible to thank each of you
individually). Your contributions surely will help a lot in the development
of my lab's research. Please let me know if you want to know more about
Brazilian reefs. Looking forward to hearing from you, kind regards.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 13 09:39:32 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA23124; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 09:39:29 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA29318; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 09:47:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029274; Fri, 13 Nov 98 09:47:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA07964; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 14:06:45 GMT
Message-Id: <199811131406.OAA07964@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1998 09:05:01 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: CHAMP back up
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 648
Dear Coral-Listers,
	Unfortunately, workstation coral.aoml.noaa.gov crashed a couple of
days ago and the CHAMP web page and coral-list listserver were down.
Because the CHAMP Page also hosts the GCRMN and AGRA Web Pages, these were
down, too.  Workstation coral has undergone quite a bit of growth and is
continuously working on the Web Page or the listserver, and I'm afraid a
major upgrade is in order, if we can obtain funding.  Your patience is
appreciated.
	I'm afraid some of the new coral-list subscribers were lost in the
crash.  If you know of any recent subscribers, you may may want to pass
this information on to them.
	Thanks again for your patience.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	CHAMP Administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 13 12:10:59 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA27498; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 12:10:57 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA11116; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 12:19:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011095; Fri, 13 Nov 98 12:18:30 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA09152; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 16:34:17 GMT
Received: from jaguar1.usouthal.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA09147; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 11:34:12 -0500
Received: by jaguar1.usouthal.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id KAA14659; Fri, 13 Nov 1998 10:30:13 -0600
Date: Fri, 13 Nov 1998 10:30:13 -0600 (CST)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Reply-To: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: Re: Bleaching in Belize
To: Roy Caldwell <4roy@socrates.berkeley.edu>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <v04003a15b2713076c6ef@[128.32.110.143]>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.88.9811130650.A2745-0100000@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 649
Bleaching in Belize
To answer Roy Caldwell's question about bleaching in Belize, Tom Bright,
James Azueta, Greg Smith, Melanie McField, Tony Rath, and several others
reported massive bleaching in Belize, and some of this information was
broadcast over the coral list.
Bill Precht and I dove in the central lagoon (Channel Cay and the other
rhomboid shoals) in Belize in late October, just a couple of days before
Hurricane Mitch.  At that time virtually every living colony from 1-21 m
depth was bleached completely white.  Species bleached included Acropora
cervicornis, Agaricia tenuifolia (the dominant coral), Agaricia lamarcki,
Colpophyllia natans, Manicina areolata, Montastraea franski (only
partially bleached at some sites), Mussa angulosa, various Mycetophyllia
species, Millepora alcicornis, Porites divaricata, Siderastrea siderea
and Stephanocoenia intersepta (small-polyped form).  Porites astreoides
and P. colonensis were pale yellow.  In some areas, many of the A.
tenuifolia colonies appeared to be recently dead; they were still
standing in place but overgrown by a fine algal turf.  Several species of
gorgoinans, including Erythropodium and a Eunicea, were bleached white as
well.  The corallimorph Ricordea florida was pale yellow to white.
On the fore reef at Curlew Bank, just south of Carrie Bow Cay, A.
tenuifolia is the dominant coral on spurs in 3-6 m depth. The margins of
the blades of A. tenuifolia colonies were bleached, but the central
portions, which are less exposed to light, retained most of their normal
brown color.  Larger Siderastrea siderea colonies were bleached to a blue
color on their tops, but retained some brown color on their sides.
Smaller S. siderea colonies appeared less affected.  The three species of
the Montastraea annularis complex showed bleaching patterns typical of other
bleaching events, with some regions of colonies white and other areas
appearing normal. Colpophyllia natans and Diploria labrynthiformis showed
extensive bleaching, but D. strigosa and D. clivosa did not, nor did
Isophyllia sinuosa or Isophyllastrea rigida.  Most surprising was that A.
cervicornis and A. palmata were not at all bleached on the fore reef,
considering what we saw in the lagoon.
Other species that were bleached on the fore reef: Agaricia agaricites,
Porites porites, Mycetophyllia ferox, Siderastrea radians, Millepora
alcicornis, Millepora complanata, and the zoanthid Palythoa caribbea.
Other species that were not bleached on the fore reef: Stephanocoenia
intersepta (large-polyped form), Dendrogyra cylindrus, Dichocoenia
stokesi, Monstastraea cavernosa (1 colony was partially bleached), and
Porites astreoides.
Surface water temperatures were 28.5-29.8 C in the lagoon and 29.6 on the
fore reef.  At 9 m depth the lagoon was 28.5-29.1 and the fore reef was 29.3.
I would appreciate other reports of bleaching in Belize, especially from
anyone who has been in the southern lagoon recently.
Regards,
Rich Aronson
______________________________________________________________________________
Richard B. Aronson
Senior Marine Scientist
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
101 Bienville Boulevard
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
Voice: (334) 861-7567
Fax: (334) 861-7540
email: raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 15 03:00:28 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA10510; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 03:00:25 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA16468; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 03:08:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016463; Sun, 15 Nov 98 03:08:15 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA15548; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 07:29:20 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA15543; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 02:29:15 -0500
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:2149 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <626716-1125>; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 15:23:47 +0800
Message-ID: <364E81AF.D3143051@ust.hk>
Date: 	Sun, 15 Nov 1998 15:24:31 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Global Warming and Reefs: Statements at Buenos Aires Conference of Parties 14 Nov
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 651
Dear listers,
Here are a couple of provocative statements picked up by Reuters at the
COP-4 (Global Warming) negotiations in Buenos Aires on reefs and global
warming. While many of us do not feel that the scientific data back up
this headline, the most recent climate model results from the Hadley
Climate Change Centre, UK, indicate a much faster warming trend than
previously expected. If true, this will be bad news for some reefs.
I would like to urge coral-listers to take the time to look into how our
government leaders are selling us and reefs for a bargain price by
playing games with "flexibility mechanisms" such as "emissions credits."
The U.S., with only 4% of the world's population, creates 25% of global
greenhouse gases, with China the number two producer. Both are dreaming
up ways to avoid directly implementing the 5-6% reduction agreed in
Kyoto while about a 60% cut is needed.
For the sad details of COP-4 see: http://www.iisd.ca/climate/ba/
For solutions that we should be pushing our leaders to implement see the
Sierra Club http://www.sierraclub.org/ or WWF sites. http://www.wwf.org
Regards,
Greg
Saturday November 14 12:17 AM ET
Scientists Say Global Warming Killing Coral Reefs
By Peter Lardner
BUENOS AIRES (Reuters) - Global warming is killing the world's coral
reefs, and with them the swarming sea life they shelter and support,
scientists said at the Buenos Aires climate talks Friday.
Vast expanses of reef have been destroyed by abnormally high 1998
sea-surface temperatures, specialists from the United States and Canada
told the United Nations summit.
The reefs are limestone formations mainly produced by colonies of
millions of tiny organisms known
as corals, which secrete the stony material to form their exoskeletons.
``More corals have died from heat stroke this year than have died from
all other human causes to date,'' said Thomas Goreau, President of the
Global Coral Reef Alliance.
Some 4,000 species of reef fish and 89,000 species of invertebrates and
algae have so far been identified and scientists suggest coral reefs may
actually nurture up to a million species.
Their colorful pageants of sea life and the coral sand beaches that
accumulate near them support a giant tourist industry and the rich
fisheries they nourish provide protein, jobs, and income for developing
countries.
``The biggest branches of the tree of life are in the ocean, and most
life there is in coral reefs,'' said
Don McAllister, a Canadian coral scientist with the World Conservation
Union.
Satellites measuring the surface temperature of Earth's oceans have
tracked a steady rise since 1982. Warmer seas have led many corals to
``bleach,'' turn white as the algae that feed and color them are driven
out, and die.
Abnormally high 1998 sea temperatures, the warmest on record, are
thought to have bleached and killed most of the corals in the Indian
Ocean, and in many areas of the Western and Eastern Pacific, the
scientists said.
Coral mortality has been especially high in the ecologically prized
Maldives, where up to 90 percent of reefs have been laid bare, they
said.
Around 170 nations have gathered at the United Nations global warming
conference in Buenos Aires to discuss ways of cutting emissions of
heat-trapping gases.
``Unless this conference takes immediate effective action to stop global
climate change, coral reefs and the benefits they provide will be
condemned to death. Other ecosystems will follow,'' the World
Conservation Union said.
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 15 14:14:15 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA12624; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 14:14:13 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA23101; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 14:22:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023093; Sun, 15 Nov 98 14:22:28 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA19486; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 18:29:48 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA19481; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 13:29:44 -0500
Received: from [128.171.44.55] ([128.171.44.55]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <150588(9)>; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 08:25:28 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix5.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <135667(2)>; Sun, 15 Nov 1998 08:25:22 -1000
Date: 	Sun, 15 Nov 1998 08:25:17 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix5
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Solomon Islands
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981115081920.2630A-100000@uhunix5>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 652
I just completed 12 days of diving in the Guadalcanal, Florida Islands,
Russell Islands and Marovo Lagoon regions of the Solomon Islands. Water
temperatures ranged from 30 to 32 degrees during the dives. There was no
evidence of any bleaching events. Two years ago massive bleaching and
typhoons devastated many of reefs we dove this year. Although the reefs
were still quite productive, I was told that they were no where near as
complete in coral coverage as they had been. Large stands of coral had
died during that event. These areas were now dominated by Xenia,
Clavularia and Halimeda. However, divers in the group who have dove these
reefs in some cases for six consecutive years, felt that they were
recovering slowly.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
University of Hawaii
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 16 04:55:10 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA15289; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 04:55:08 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA04787; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 05:03:28 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004778; Mon, 16 Nov 98 05:02:50 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA24852; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 08:32:42 GMT
Received: from netcom3.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA24847; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 03:32:38 -0500
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom3.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id AAA02311;
	Mon, 16 Nov 1998 00:26:57 -0800 (PST)
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1998 00:26:57 -0800 (PST)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Reply-To: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: Global Warming and Reefs: Statements at Buenos Aires Conference of Parties 14 Nov
To: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
cc: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
In-Reply-To: <364E81AF.D3143051@ust.hk>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9811150047.A5859-0100000@netcom3>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 653
On Sun, 15 Nov 1998, Gregor Hodgson wrote:
> Dear listers,
>
> Here are a couple of provocative statements picked up by Reuters at the
> COP-4 (Global Warming) negotiations in Buenos Aires on reefs and global
> warming.
> For the sad details of COP-4 see: http://www.iisd.ca/climate/ba/
> For solutions that we should be pushing our leaders to implement see the
Perhaps it is time for the US to re-evaluate its hysterical position
regarding nuclear reactors and down-stream wastes from that technology.
I've pulled a few mREM in the course of getting the job done.  If the
general populace wakes up to the amount of radiation exposure they take
in the course of exploiting fossil fuels: maybe there could be a change.
Then again, people are cattle:  driven to froth by the word "radiation."
So my intermendiate-range plans are to move ~10-degrees longitude north
and several hundred feet higher above sealevel(1998).
Craig
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 16 07:55:38 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA16378; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 07:55:37 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA08199; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 08:03:56 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008175; Mon, 16 Nov 98 08:03:19 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA26215; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 12:08:03 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA26210; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 07:07:59 -0500
Received: from osha.inav.net (dip586.inav.net [206.230.238.175]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.7/8.6.12) with SMTP id GAA24593; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 06:03:41 -0600
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981116060459.006ff1b4@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Mon, 16 Nov 1998 06:04:59 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Subject: Re: Global Warming and Reefs
Cc: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 654
Dear Craig,
We agree on the immense challenges posed by global warming and the
dependence on fossil fuels, but I don't understand why you seem to think
that the only solution is to go nuclear. And I think you're wrong to
characterize the many who oppose such a solution as "hysterical." Are the
people of Chernobyl, and those in surrounding countries affected by that
1986 disaster, "cattle" because bitter experience has taught them to oppose
nuclear energy?
There are other solutions and they are well-known. In no particular order:
using less fossil fuel, preserving forests, switching to sustainable (and
non-polluting) energy resources.
Trying not to froth,
Osha
On Mon, 16 Nov 1998 00:26:57, Craig Bingham wrote:
>Perhaps it is time for the US to re-evaluate its hysterical position
regarding >nuclear reactors and down-stream wastes from that technology.
I've pulled a >few mREM in the course of getting the job done.  If the
general populace wakes >up to the amount of radiation exposure they take in
the course of exploiting >fossil fuels: maybe there could be a change. Then
again, people are cattle:  >driven to froth by the word "radiation." So my
intermendiate-range plans are >to move ~10-degrees longitude north and
several hundred feet higher above >sealevel(1998).
Osha Gray Davidson
14 South Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Ph: 319-338-4778
Fax: 319-338-8606
osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 16 22:46:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA28794; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 22:46:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA00105; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 22:54:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma000085; Mon, 16 Nov 98 22:53:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA04638; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 02:58:05 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA04633; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 21:58:00 -0500
Received: from [128.171.44.54] ([128.171.44.54]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <150521(5)>; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 16:53:40 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix4.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <171772(8)>; Mon, 16 Nov 1998 16:53:35 -1000
Date: 	Mon, 16 Nov 1998 16:53:29 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix4
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Correction
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981116165153.8427A-100000@uhunix4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 655
The temperatures I quoted yesterday for the Solomon Islands should have
been 81 oF in the Florida Islands to 84 oC in Murovo Lagoon not 30 to 32
oC!
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
University of Hawaii
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 12:33:33 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA06479; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 12:32:11 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA18070; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 12:40:30 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018004; Tue, 17 Nov 98 12:39:37 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA09683; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 16:54:25 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA09678; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 11:54:20 -0500
Received: from [128.171.44.54] ([128.171.44.54]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <148887(4)>; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 06:49:57 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix4.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <171774(10)>; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 06:49:47 -1000
Date: 	Tue, 17 Nov 1998 06:49:42 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix4
To: Johnston Davidson <Johnst_Dav@antdiv.gov.au>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Correction
In-Reply-To: <3.0.32.19981117143531.00732038@antdiv.gov.au>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981117064653.7584A-100000@uhunix4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 656
On Mon, 16 Nov 1998, Johnston Davidson wrote:
> Please reread your 'correction' message as the temperatures are quoted in
> different scales. The local flora and fuana would be very alarmed if Murovo
> Lagoon reached this temperature.
>
> At 16:53 16/11/98 -1000, you wrote:
> >The temperatures I quoted yesterday for the Solomon Islands should have
> >been 81 oF in the Florida Islands to 84 oC in Murovo Lagoon not 30 to 32
> >oC!
Ah yes the effects of doing email after working 10 hrs .... the
corrections should be in degrees F, these were provided by the dive
computers of others on the trip which read in oF, my original ones were
from my dive watch which read in oC. Apparently, my body heat through my
wetsuit was affecting my wrist watch readings, the others were based on
computers on consoles.
Thanks for pointing out the error.
J. Charles Delbeek M.Sc.
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
University of Hawaii
"The fact that my physiology differs from yours pleases me to no end."
Mr. Spock
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 17:45:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA11327; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 17:45:19 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA04553; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 17:53:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004546; Tue, 17 Nov 98 17:52:54 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA11875; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 22:14:26 GMT
Received: from alpha.rhodes.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA11870; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 17:14:22 -0500
Received: from rhodes.edu (kesler.biology.rhodes.edu [198.78.24.192])
 by rhodes.edu (PMDF V5.2-29 #31124)
 with ESMTP id <01J4ABA1UPPU00AF81@rhodes.edu> for
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 16:09:59 CST
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1998 16:11:26 -0600
From: David Kesler <Kesler@rhodes.edu>
Subject: Harrigan's "Water and Light"?
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Reply-to: Kesler@rhodes.edu
Message-id: <3651F486.6C5F1C85@rhodes.edu>
Organization: Rhodes College
MIME-version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 (Macintosh; U; PPC)
Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 657
In the past I have used Stephen Harrigan's book, "Water and Light," as one of
the required readings in my Coral Reef Ecology course. Harrigan exposes the
reader to a large amount of Caribbean natural history while chronically his
personal experiences diving the Turks and Caicos Islands.
Unfortunately this book is out of print.  Can you recommend any other similar texts?
Thank you in advance for your time.
David Kesler
--
David H. Kesler, Ph.D.                  "Whatever you can do, or
Associate Professor of Biology           dream you can do, begin it
Rhodes College                           - boldness has genius, power
2000 N. Parkway                          and magic in it."
Memphis, TN 38112                        - J.W. von Goethe
e-mail: kesler@rhodes.edu
web page: http://kesler.biology.rhodes.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 21:09:14 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA13242; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 21:09:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA07802; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 21:17:35 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007797; Tue, 17 Nov 98 21:17:28 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA12411; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 23:27:24 GMT
Received: from cgi1.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA12406; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 18:27:20 -0500
Received: from nec ([202.188.83.70]) by cgi1.tm.net.my
          (InterMail v03.02.03 118 118) with SMTP
          id <19981117232257.FEDY14182@[202.188.83.70]>
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Wed, 18 Nov 1998 07:22:57 +0800
Message-ID: <3652053A.3241@tm.net.my>
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 07:22:34 +0800
From: DON BAKER <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
Organization: The Reef Project
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Farming?
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 658
Hello Coral-L Members,
I am writing from Sabah, Malaysia.  Sabah Department of Fisheries asked
me to investigate any/all methodologies currently underway - worldwide -
for coral reef seascaping with "farmed/garden raised" corals?  If such
efforts exist, are methodologies applicable to the small village based
community; indirectly enhancing fish stocks through reef rebuilding,
etc?
This is a new idea I believe that is based on certain reef ecological
char. and prior coral species presence [before fish bombing & cyanide
use].
In short, do you know of any efforts in the Philippines - or anywhere
for that matter - doing work in this new approach?
Also, I am interested in what work is being done with Giant Clams in and
around northern Bohol.  Or are the clams all harvested out?  The culture
and farming of G. clams is my specialty from prior experience & training
in the Marshall Is.
Many thanks for your time.  Looking forward to your input & reply.
Regards,
Don Baker
THE REEF PROJECT
Sabah, Malaysia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 21:43:22 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA13404; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 21:43:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA08158; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 21:51:43 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008150; Tue, 17 Nov 98 21:50:54 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA13568; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 02:16:12 GMT
Received: from zeus.candw.lc by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA13563; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 21:16:07 -0500
Received: from [206.48.60.198] by zeus.candw.lc (NTMail 3.03.0017/4c.adzz) with ESMTP id xa278041 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 22:08:16 -0300
Message-Id: <4.0.1.19981117213830.00fb7e60@mail.candw.lc>
X-Sender: smitha@mail.candw.lc
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.0.1
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1998 22:09:52 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Allan Smith <smitha@candw.lc>
Subject: dive comp temps
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 659
Hi all -
Re this exchange on water temperatures, I would be interested to know if
people find dive computers accurate enough for reporting local water
conditions. I'm envious if you do. I have tested 5 top-end Oceanic units
(Datatrans) and haven't come within 2 degrees of a waterbath temperature.
Allan
Allan Smith
Caribbean Natural Resources Institute (CANARI)
Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, West Indies. Tel. + 758 454 6060  Fax. + 758 454 5188
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 23:12:41 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA13744; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 23:12:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA09230; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 23:21:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009203; Tue, 17 Nov 98 23:20:03 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA13983; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 03:14:41 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA13978; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 22:14:37 -0500
Received: from localhost (carlson@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id RAA22268;
	Tue, 17 Nov 1998 17:10:07 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: carlson owned process doing -bs
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1998 17:10:07 -1000 (HST)
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: carlson@iniki
To: Allan Smith <smitha@candw.lc>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: dive comp temps
In-Reply-To: <4.0.1.19981117213830.00fb7e60@mail.candw.lc>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.981117170600.4504b-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 660
Allan,
We have the old EDGE computers as back-up computers and the temperature
guages on the two units always read exactly the same.  However, I will
admit we have not validated either of them recently.  Otherwise they have
been very reliable for over ten years (with annual servicing).
Bruce
On Tue, 17 Nov 1998, Allan Smith wrote:
> Hi all -
> Re this exchange on water temperatures, I would be interested to know if
> people find dive computers accurate enough for reporting local water
> conditions. I'm envious if you do. I have tested 5 top-end Oceanic units
> (Datatrans) and haven't come within 2 degrees of a waterbath temperature.
> Allan
>
> Allan Smith
> Caribbean Natural Resources Institute (CANARI)
> Vieux Fort, St. Lucia, West Indies. Tel. + 758 454 6060  Fax. + 758 454 5188
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 17 23:35:48 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA13883; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 23:35:46 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA09457; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 23:44:08 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma009440; Tue, 17 Nov 98 23:43:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA14030; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 03:21:12 GMT
Received: from netcom3.netcom.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA14020; Tue, 17 Nov 1998 22:20:59 -0500
Received: (from cbingman@localhost)
	by netcom3.netcom.com (8.8.5-r-beta/8.8.5/(NETCOM v1.02)) id TAA22703;
	Tue, 17 Nov 1998 19:16:28 -0800 (PST)
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1998 19:16:27 -0800 (PST)
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com>
Subject: Re: Global Warming and Reefs
To: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
In-Reply-To: <3.0.1.32.19981116060459.006ff1b4@soli.inav.net>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9811171809.A19751-0100000@netcom3>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 661
I wsn[t going to write anything further on this, but as it turns out, the
fate of reefs may be linked to our decisions regarding energy production.
> We agree on the immense challenges posed by global warming and the
> dependence on fossil fuels, but I don't understand why you seem to think
> that the only solution is to go nuclear.
I'm open to viable alternatives.  Hydro power has been saturated in the
US for decades.  More power can be extracted, but only at increasing
damage to freshwater ecosystems.  Generating power form wind is a toy
technology, as nearly as I can make out, as are alternatives for
estracting power from tidal energy.  Solar sounds nice, but from my seat,
lag issues haven't been worked out, and the issues regarding the impact
on ecosystems that have enormous solar power grids built over them
haven't been seriously considered, let alone studied at the massive scale
required to make much of a dent in CO2 production rates.
> And I think you're wrong to characterize the many who oppose such a
< solution as "hysterical."
That term was singled out for use on the leadership (anti-leadership?) of
the United States for the past several decades.
However, I have had many conversations with people who I otherwise
consider to be intellegent people, and in many cases, intellectuals in
their own right, in their own fields, and yes, the reaction to nuclear
power is often on the edge of hysteria.
> Are the
> people of Chernobyl, and those in surrounding countries affected by that
> 1986 disaster, "cattle" because bitter experience has taught them to oppose
> nuclear energy?
Their energies would be better directed at opposing stupid, dangerous and
pointless tests of poorly designed reactors.  Surely you are aware that
the technology used at Cherbobyl was third-world technology.  These were
poorly designed reactors, and one was driven to destruction by an
extremely stupid series of commands.
> There are other solutions and they are well-known. In no particular order:
> using less fossil fuel, preserving forests, switching to sustainable (and
> non-polluting) energy resources.
Using less fossil fuels:  we both agree that is a good idea.  However,
just saying "using less fossil fuels" and not coming up with altenatives
that make economic sense is a bit disingenuous.
Preserving forests sounds nice, unfortunately we seem to be rather lousy
at that as well.  In terms of reef health, I do wish we would conserve
the forests of the world, and the grasslands, and take care that
croplands don't bleed any more nutirints and sediments into the world
oceans than necessary.
Switching to sustainable fuels means what... biomass conversion for cars,
more hydroelectric damns, solar farm fields, windmills, etc.  Good luck.
Those techniques have shown nil promise over the last 20 years that I've
been following them.
The biggest effect on the amount of anthropogenic CO2 that we blow into
the atmosphere would come from building more modern fission reactors.
> Trying not to froth,
> Osha
I certainly wasn't trying to upset anyone.
Sometime in the next few days, I'll try to give a synopsis of all he
reactor accidents in US history.  They doen't amount to much.  Certianly
not recently.  People can read those narratives and make up heir own
mind, and contrast that to the amoung of radiation blown into the
environment from the operation of coal plants.
Until fusion comes along (and it may come along too late to be of major
significnce in this realm) fission is the cleanest, most compact and most
respoinsive way of gettting power into a power grid without large and
unknown questions about effects on dessert sysems, river systems, etc.
I'm all for consrvation.  You might want to have a word with the sport
utility vehicle owners in the world.
So we can be obsessed by a lot of little things, or we can ignore the one
big thing that could make a major dent in CO2 emissions... fission power.
Many will disagree with me, and perhaps it is time for me to take this
off-line and correspond with those people individually.  I'll be happy to
do that.  Just send it to me by e-mail only., off the list, and maybe
I'll summarize as to how the discussin is going.
Again, the fission discussion is offline now.  Send individual responses
to me.  I will provide a summary and historical statments of risk as
appropriate.  Perhaps occasionally checking back to the list.  If people
don't want me to do that, send mail to me indicating that yu think it is
inappopriate, and I'll do my best to meet various feelings.
Best wishes,
Craig
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 18 01:33:12 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id BAA14408; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 01:33:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id BAA11168; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 01:41:32 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011163; Wed, 18 Nov 98 01:41:06 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA14951; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 05:59:51 GMT
Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA14946; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 00:59:41 -0500
Received: from charliev.aims.gov.au ([138.7.36.20])
	by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA15867
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 15:54:59 +1000 (EST)
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981118143000.0074d094@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: dfenner@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 14:30:00 +1100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Doug Fenner <d.fenner@aims.gov.au>
Subject: temperatures
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 662
Concerning dive computer temperatures:
   Another distinct possibility comes from the low absolute accuracy of
these temperature sensors.  The manual for my dive computer says it is only
accurate to about 2 deg.  The pressure sensor for the computer is
temperature compensated- I suspect that is why the computer has a
temperature sensor, and since they have it, why not give the temp to the
diver?  But the accuracy needed for compensating the pressure sensor is
low, so it isn't worth a lot of money & effort for the manufacturer to put
a more accurate one in.
   I suspect that the computer and your watch probably read different temps
when they are at the same temp.  However, each one is probably consistent-
high repeat accuracy- so if calibrated they might be quite good.  Haven't
gotten around to doing that with my own.  Their accuracy is limited though,
since they read only in whole degrees- the actual temp could be anywhere
within a 1 degree range, even if it was calibrated accurately.  Because of
the size of the computer, it also takes quite a while to equilibrate to
ambient temp.  -Doug
Douglas Fenner, Ph.D.
Coral Taxonomist
Australian Institute of Marine Science
PMB No 3
Townsville MC
Queensland 4810
Australia
phone 07 4753 4241
e-mail: d.fenner@aims.gov.au
web: http://www.aims.gov.au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 18 20:33:21 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA28415; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:33:19 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA01326; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 20:41:43 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001314; Wed, 18 Nov 98 20:40:46 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA23008; Thu, 19 Nov 1998 00:50:39 GMT
Received: from iniki.soest.hawaii.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA23003; Wed, 18 Nov 1998 19:50:34 -0500
Received: from localhost (abaco@localhost)
	by iniki.soest.hawaii.edu (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id OAA14455;
	Wed, 18 Nov 1998 14:46:05 -1000 (HST)
X-Authentication-Warning: iniki.soest.hawaii.edu: abaco owned process doing -bs
Date: Wed, 18 Nov 1998 14:46:05 -1000 (HST)
From: Amy Baco <abaco@soest.hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: abaco@iniki
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, marbio@mote.org
Subject: Coral Genetic Markers
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.981118144443.14212B-100000@iniki>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 663
Aloha!  Does anyone know of any microsatellite or intron markers which
work well in corals or closely related taxa?  Escpecially gorgonians and
soft corals.  Thanks!
-Amy
Amy Baco-Taylor
University of Hawaii
Department of Oceanography
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Phone (808) 956-6050
FAX   (808) 956-9516
abaco@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 20 04:46:18 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA15198; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 04:46:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA06314; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 04:54:38 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006303; Fri, 20 Nov 98 04:54:19 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA05320; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 08:38:43 GMT
Received: from gala.univ-perp.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA05315; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 03:38:38 -0500
Received: from [194.167.139.26] ([194.167.139.26])
          by gala.univ-perp.fr (8.8.5/jtpda-5.1) with ESMTP id JAA07731
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 09:32:23 +0100 (MET)
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1998 09:32:23 +0100 (MET)
Message-Id: <v03102800b27ae630b916@[194.167.139.26]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Mailer: Eudora Pro F3.1
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Michel PICHON <pichon@univ-perp.fr>
Subject: 1998 Coral bleaching. Statement by ACOR
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id EAA15198
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 664
 Would you please find below the text of the statement on the 1998 coral
bleaching episode observed in the reefs of the French overseas territories,
released by ACOR               (the French Coral Reef Society)
 Claude Payri, President
_________________________________________________________
THE  FRENCH  CORAL  REEF  SOCIETY
(ACOR : ASSOCIATION  FRANCAISE  POUR  LES  RECIFS  CORALLIENS)
STATEMENT  ON  CORAL  BLEACHING  IN  THE  FRENCH  OVERSEAS
TERRITORIES  IN  1998
OVERVIEW
A bleaching episode which has affected many coral reefs in the world in
1998 has been experienced in a number of reefs in the French overseas
territories. However, although the phenomenon was geographically
widespread, there was considerable variation in its intensity from one
locality to the next. For instance, no bleaching at all was recorded in
1998 in New Caledonia and dependencies (where the last bleaching episode
occurred in 1995/96). In French Polynesia, no bleaching was reported from
the Society Islands, while a rather severe bleaching episode has affected
the atolls of the Tuamotus during the same period. (but even there, the
occurrence remained patchy).
As is usually the case during moderate to severe episodes, bleaching was
reported not only for scleractinian corals , but for other Cnidarians as
well, in particular hydrocorals (Millepora), alcyonaceans, actinians and
zoanthids. Among Indo Pacific scleractinian corals, the genera Pocillopora
and Acropora (especially tabular Acropora) were most bleached and showed
highest mortality.
Lagoon reefs and reefs in protected waters were generally affected, but
significant and sometimes severe bleaching was recorded on the outer
(oceanic) reef slopes down to 30 m.
As in many coral reefs world wide, bleaching is correlated with
higher-than-normal SSTs at the end of the summer season, but there is some
evidence that at least in some locations (Guadeloupe and Martinique, La
Runion) freshwater runoff following periods of very heavy rainfall might
have acted as a triggering mechanism for the onset of bleaching.
In most localities, the situation is monitored with respect to recovery of
corals after bleaching.
SYNOPTIC  SITUATION
 French West Indies (C. Bouchon):
*	No significant bleaching reported (< 1% colonies bleached) until
early October. Affected genera were: Diploria, Montastrea, Meandrina
(scleractinians), Millepora (hydrocoral), Condylactis (actinian), Palythoa
(zoanthid).
*	Maximum SST 29 C in September
*	Important bleaching, following cyclone "George" in early October.
 Mayotte (B. Thomassin)
*	Severe bleaching of corals and other cnidarians on the outer  reef
slope. Up to 80% of the colonies bleached on the upper outer slope. Most
affected genera were Pocillopora  and Acropora (tabular Acropora, e.g. A.
hyacinthus  seem to be most sensitive to bleaching).
*	Significant bleaching noted in the lagoon in May, most often
followed by recovery except for tabular Acropora , which had  high
mortality rates.
*	Maximum SST in late April-early May above 31C in oceanic  waters.
 La Runion (M. Pichon)
*	Significant bleaching was first observed in March, following heavy
rainfall throughout February. Bleaching was mostly recorded on the fringing
reef flats, with some occurrence on the outer slopes. Most affected genera
include Acropora,  Pocillopora  and Galaxea.
 New Caledonia (C. Chauvet, P. Joannot, L. Wantiez)
*	Only a handfull of small bleached tabular Acropora were recorded.
The whole of New Caledonia (both east coast and west coast reefs) and the
Loyalty Islands spared by the phenomenon which, so far, remains uncommon in
New Caledonia (Only one noteworthy episode in 1995/96).
 French Polynesia (Y. Chancerelle, B. Salvat)
*	No bleaching in the Society Islands (where the last severe episode
occured in 1990, with a less severe bleaching in 1994). Coral cover on the
outer slopes is still 30-50% i.e. normal for such communities in the area.
*	Severe but patchy bleaching in at least some of the Tuamotu atolls,
with significant coral mortality, for instance at Rangiroa and Manihi.
Bleaching affecting not only lagoon reefs but also outer slopes down to at
least 20 m. Percentage substratum cover by live corals at Takapoto has
dropped from 20% in 1994 to 12% after the 1998 bleaching event.
*	Maximum SST above 30 C.
	Michel  PICHON
	Laboratoire de Biologie Marine et Malacologie
	Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes
	Universit de Perpignan   66860  PERPIGNAN Cedex. FRANCE
	Ph: 33 4 68 66 20 55   Fax: 33 4 68 50 36 86
	Email :  pichon@univ-perp.fr
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 20 13:03:02 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA21145; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 13:03:00 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA28721; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 13:11:26 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028704; Fri, 20 Nov 98 13:11:21 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA08414; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 17:08:13 GMT
Received: from gamma.qmw.ac.uk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA08409; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 12:08:08 -0500
Received: from alpha.qmw.ac.uk by gamma.qmw.ac.uk with SMTP-QMW with ESMTP;
          Fri, 20 Nov 1998 17:03:23 +0000
Received: from cas.qmw.ac.uk (Schonrogge-ltop.bio.qmw.ac.uk [138.37.56.54])	by alpha.qmw.ac.uk (8.8.5/8.8.5)
          with SMTP id RAA12978;	Fri, 20 Nov 1998 17:03:21 GMT
From: Cassian Edwards <bt3171@qmw.ac.uk>
To: Marine List <marbio@mote.org>, Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Formalin, Meiofauna & Transportation
Date: Fri, 20 Nov 1998 17:00:36 -0000
Message-ID: <000401be14a7$4b0eaee0$3638258a@cas.qmw.ac.uk>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
Importance: Normal
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.2106.4
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 665
Apologies for any cross postings.
I am looking for advice. I am shortly due out in the field to obtain some
samples of coral-reef meiofauna. It is my intention to preseve samples (and
calcareous sediment) with 4% Formalin (1 part 40% strength Formaldehyde to
24 parts seawater), with the addition of 1g/Litre Rose Bengal stain, for
later analysis in a different country. However, I am finding it difficult to
get a courier company to transport my samples, mainly due to the toxic
nature of formaldehyde, which is classified as a hazardous substance.
My samples, however, will obviously contain a dilute solution of
formaldehyde, and not a 40% strength mixture which the courier companies
guideline books dictate is extremely hazardous - fairplay, formaldehyde IS a
dangerous substance. However, in the majority of airline traffic and
hazardous substance books I have read, most only state that Formaldehyde
solutions greater or equal to 25% are hazardous, reporting no indication as
to whether those wishing to transfer more dilute solutions have to declare
them as 'dangerous substances' to courier companies. I appreciate that at
almost any dilution Formaldehyde is a danger.
I would imagine other researchers have come up against this kind of problem
when wanting to transport by air securely packaged formalin-preserved macro-
and meiofauna from country to country. How have they managed to get
theirsamples home? Have they simply sneeked their samples through customs in
their shoes?! Or perhaps one way is to pour out the majority of the
preservative so that effectively their sample bottle contains no hazardous
chemicals.
I would be grateful for any feedback on this subject.
Thank you so much,
Cassian
c.edwards@qmw.ac.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 20 22:28:58 1998
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA28724; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 22:28:56 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA24217; Fri, 20 Nov 1998 22:37:24 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024212; Fri, 20 Nov 98 22:36:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA12090; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 03:00:41 GMT
Message-Id: <199811210300.DAA12090@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 17 Nov 1998 10:29:57 -0500
From: "Bob Buddemeier" <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
To: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
CC: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Correction
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 666
My congratulations to Charles Delbeek for his report of a non-bleaching
event. [Note that this is different from a bleaching non-event, which is
what Bill Fitt tells us happens every (local) summer.]  I take this as a
sign that the potentially powerful distributed approach to reef reportng
and research is scientifically coming of age.
If we take for the moment the line of argument (which I consider
debatable) that global warming causes high SST events which cause
bleaching which causes coral mortality, and that the health of reefs is
already in global crisis stage, then the future is bleak indeed.  The
1995 IPCC summsary points out that warming over the last century has
beem 0.3-0.6 deg C, only some fraction of which has occurred over the
period of the last 30-40 years, which we tend to equate with the period
of serious reef decline.  The same report suggests that even with
unrealistically optimistic scenarios for future CO2 emissions, we are
headed for an additional +2 deg C over the next century -- in other
words probably 5-10x the change that has (assigning the bleaching blame
to temperature) already brought many reefs to their cute little
invertebrate knees.
Consider for a moment that mythical animal, the rational program
manager.  He/she, on review of the data, would almost surely say that
reefs are a clear write-off, and that we need to regroup and direct our
human and financial resources toward some ecosytem or organism that
could be saved.
[Buddemeier, R. W., 1991.  Climate Change and Biology:  A Proposal for
Scientific Impact Assessment and Response, pp 161-169 in Dudley, E. C.
(ed), The Unity of Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 1, Discorides Press,
Portland, Or.]
Oh no! everybody exclaims -- that's not so, we really can save the reefs
if we just work harder and raise consciousness levels.  Well, friends, I
have to suggest that this is not the message you are sending to a
scientifically literate audience if you concentrate on reports of how
widespread and rapid and frequent is DEATH. The important data are
really the when, where, why, and how of SURVIVAL (thanks again,
Charles).
If you consider epidemiology in human populations, it is strongly
context (total population) based -- it looks at the occurrence,
distribution, and propagation of disease though healthy populations, and
by doing so identifies pathways, vectors, synergies, loci of natural
immunity, effective prophylaxis and protective measures at various
scales, etc.   It is these latter observations, I suggest, that have
been largely missing from the rush to judgment on the causes and effects
of "bleaching," and which are needed to make a convincing case that
research and conservation funds are really justified.
To paraphrase Sherlock Holmes, the really significant observation is
that the dog did NOT bark during the night.
Ever onward, whatever the direction.
Bob
--
Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
Senior Scientist, Geohydrology
Kansas Geological Survey
University of Kansas
1930 Constant Ave.
Lawrence, KS 66047
ph (785) 864-3965
fax (785) 864-5317
buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu
http://ghsun2.kgs.ukans.edu/staff/buddemeier.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 21 05:04:08 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA29854; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 05:04:05 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA27760; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 05:12:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027749; Sat, 21 Nov 98 05:11:38 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA14306; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 09:33:37 GMT
Received: from jasper.cqu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA14301; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 04:33:31 -0500
Received: from hirs4.www.cqu.edu.au (tartarus26.cqu.EDU.AU [138.77.76.26])
	by jasper.cqu.edu.au (8.8.7/8.8.7) with SMTP id TAA10350;
	Sat, 21 Nov 1998 19:28:40 +1000 (EST)
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19981121093630.006f2e88@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au>
X-Sender: oveh@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Sat, 21 Nov 1998 19:36:30 +1000
To: "Bob Buddemeier" <buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu>
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au>
Subject: From the hysterical collective.
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 667
Dear Bob,
Thank you for your latest missive.  Just a wee question from some who work
on the area of cause, effect and recovery.  What evidence do you have that
the "other" dog did not bark last night?  Meaning - you seem to imply that
the link between small increases in temperature and bleaching is not solid
(by the way, I admire a devil's advocate to a point) and hence it seems fair
to ask: what is the evidence that you have and we, the hysterical
collective, don't seem to have?  Naturally, you may mean that the link
between global climate change and SST anomalies is debatable.  In this case,
let's debate this one too.  While it is admirable to warn us against
hysteria, it seems counter productive to flippantly imply that past opinions
are some how completely consumed by fuzzy logic and that your, currently
unsubstantiated, opinions are somehow immune.
As for your reference to the "mythical" rational programmanager ("mythical"
meaning most are not???) and his/her response to current reports of the
nature and extent of coral bleaching.  I really fail to see your logic.  You
seem to imply that if we say that reefs are being greatly damaged by changes
to sea temperature, that your "rational program manager" would say that its
over so let's concentrate on another ecosystem.  With the greatest respect -
isn't this far-fetched (and oh, just a touch hysterical)!  Don't you think
we need to know more about where and when the dog has been barking?  Don't
you think that there will be mounting pressure to understand the
ramifications (if they exist) of these changes to a major tropical marine
ecosystem?   I predict that we will see a greater not reduced interest and
that "reporting the non-barking dog" is an academically correct yet
relatively trivial point.
At this point, the coral bleaching issue is clouded by many imponderables.
Did it occur in the past, will corals acclimate/adapt, do reefs recover, is
it getting worse and so on.  Coupled with the tendency for broader climate
change debate to be clouded by  similarly tricky questions (are we
experiencing an unusually warm period or is it just a blip in the broader
time frame, is it true that tropical oceans are mostly thermally inert?),
the message coming from scientists regarding the health of reef systems has
to be clear.  The internet collective was instrumental in documenting the
extent and severity of bleaching events in 1998.  This is turn has had an
important motivating infIuence in research and other circles.  To imply that
those of us who have contributed to the collective information about the
extent and severity of the current cycle of bleaching events are somehow
hysterical and are missing the point seems unfair and unproductive.
I look forward to hearing more from your keyboard.
Ove
PS - by the way, the dog just barked.
At 10:29 17/11/98 -0500, you wrote:
>My congratulations to Charles Delbeek for his report of a non-bleaching
>event. [Note that this is different from a bleaching non-event, which is
>what Bill Fitt tells us happens every (local) summer.]  I take this as a
>sign that the potentially powerful distributed approach to reef reportng
>and research is scientifically coming of age.
>
>If we take for the moment the line of argument (which I consider
>debatable) that global warming causes high SST events which cause
>bleaching which causes coral mortality, and that the health of reefs is
>already in global crisis stage, then the future is bleak indeed.  The
>1995 IPCC summsary points out that warming over the last century has
>beem 0.3-0.6 deg C, only some fraction of which has occurred over the
>period of the last 30-40 years, which we tend to equate with the period
>of serious reef decline.  The same report suggests that even with
>unrealistically optimistic scenarios for future CO2 emissions, we are
>headed for an additional +2 deg C over the next century -- in other
>words probably 5-10x the change that has (assigning the bleaching blame
>to temperature) already brought many reefs to their cute little
>invertebrate knees.
>
>Consider for a moment that mythical animal, the rational program
>manager.  He/she, on review of the data, would almost surely say that
>reefs are a clear write-off, and that we need to regroup and direct our
>human and financial resources toward some ecosytem or organism that
>could be saved.
>[Buddemeier, R. W., 1991.  Climate Change and Biology:  A Proposal for
>Scientific Impact Assessment and Response, pp 161-169 in Dudley, E. C.
>(ed), The Unity of Evolutionary Biology, Vol. 1, Discorides Press,
>Portland, Or.]
>
>Oh no! everybody exclaims -- that's not so, we really can save the reefs
>if we just work harder and raise consciousness levels.  Well, friends, I
>have to suggest that this is not the message you are sending to a
>scientifically literate audience if you concentrate on reports of how
>widespread and rapid and frequent is DEATH. The important data are
>really the when, where, why, and how of SURVIVAL (thanks again,
>Charles).
>
>If you consider epidemiology in human populations, it is strongly
>context (total population) based -- it looks at the occurrence,
>distribution, and propagation of disease though healthy populations, and
>by doing so identifies pathways, vectors, synergies, loci of natural
>immunity, effective prophylaxis and protective measures at various
>scales, etc.   It is these latter observations, I suggest, that have
>been largely missing from the rush to judgment on the causes and effects
>of "bleaching," and which are needed to make a convincing case that
>research and conservation funds are really justified.
>
>To paraphrase Sherlock Holmes, the really significant observation is
>that the dog did NOT bark during the night.
>
>Ever onward, whatever the direction.
>
>Bob
>--
>
>
>Dr. Robert W. Buddemeier
>Senior Scientist, Geohydrology
>Kansas Geological Survey
>University of Kansas
>1930 Constant Ave.
>Lawrence, KS 66047
>
>ph (785) 864-3965
>fax (785) 864-5317
>buddrw@kgs.ukans.edu
>http://ghsun2.kgs.ukans.edu/staff/buddemeier.html
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 21 11:34:16 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA01016; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 11:34:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA01472; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 11:42:42 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001467; Sat, 21 Nov 98 11:42:28 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA16556; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 16:04:36 GMT
Received: from wgs1.btl.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA16551; Sat, 21 Nov 1998 11:04:29 -0500
Received: from tom ([206.27.238.130]) by wgs1.btl.net
          (Netscape Messaging Server 3.6)  with SMTP id AAA71B8;
          Sat, 21 Nov 1998 09:55:24 -0600
X-Sender: glover@wgs1.btl.net (Unverified)
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: "Mr. James Azueta" <species@btl.net>
From: Tom Bright <glover@btl.net>
Subject: Hurricane Mitch affects Glover's Reef, Belize
Cc: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Date: Sat, 21 Nov 1998 09:55:23 -0600
Message-ID: <7718C5731592.AAA71B8@wgs1.btl.net>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 668
MEMORANDUM TO: Mr. James Azueta, Marine Reserves Division, Belize Dept. of
Fisheries
FROM: Dr. Thomas Bright, Station Manager, Wildlife Conservation Society,
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station, Middle Caye, Belize
SUBJECT: Damage to Glover's Reef by Hurricane Mitch
DATE: Nov. 21, 1998
Dear James,
The eye of  Hurricane Mitch passed approximately 120 miles southeast of the
Glover's Reef Marine Reserve in late October, 1998. The wind was not high
enough at the reef to do serious damage itself. According to water marks on
the buildings on Middle Caye the sea level was up approximately  three feet
above normal at the reef during the storm. The north and east portions of
Glover's Reef were subjected to seas in excess of 20 feet in height for
several days.
Virtually all of the damage and modifications to the reefs, islands,
vegetation, and buildings was caused by a combination of severe wave action
and high water. Long Caye appears to have been most affected, whereas Middle
Caye was the least. Several buildings were washed away on all of the islands
at Glover's Reef except Middle Caye. Both of the small cayes (Fisherman's
and LaMont's) previously northwest of Long Caye are gone (reduced to a small
sand spit) and much of the sediment from them is apparently now part of a
new beach on Long Caye. All of the larger islands lost some shoreline along
the north and east shores (50 feet or more at Long Caye, three to five feet
at the more protected Middle Caye). Generally, the sand and rubble torn from
the shore was thrown over onto the island, increasing the size of adjacent
ramparts and the depth of sand behind them (up to five feet of new sand near
the eroded shore on Long Caye and six to 18 inches on Middle Caye).
Last week  (around Nov. 15) I examined the lagoonal patch reefs adjacent to
Middle Caye and the seaward forereef down to 25 feet for a half mile
northward of Middle Caye. Little or no hurricane-related damage was apparent
on the patch reefs in this protected area of the lagoon. Mechanical damage
to the upper forereef on the seaward side of the eastern barrier of  the
atoll was extensive. On that part of the forereef that I examined, I am
guessing that there was 60 to 75 % coral mortality (possibly more) due to
the storm. This is largely because the wave action dislodged a multitude of
coral heads and reefrocks and carried them onto the emergent topreef. The
previously discontinuous emergent part of the topreef next to Middle Caye on
the north became continuous for about a half mile and increased in width
from only a few feet to nearly 100 feet. The multiple tons of coral sand,
gravel and boulders to build this newly emergent topreef all came from the
adjacent forereef.
 Numerous newly-killed heads and pieces of the following corals were noticed
by me on the topreef following the storm: Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis,
Montastrea annularis (et al.), M. cavernosa, Dendrogyra cylindrus, Diploria
spp., Colpophyllia sp., Dichocoenia sp., Agaricia tenuifolia, A. spp.,
Porites astreoides, P. sp., Siderastrea spp., Millepora complanata, M.
alcicornis, Gorgonia spp., various alcyonarians. There were others but these
were the main "just-killed" taxa seen on the topreef.
Underwater, the upper forereef looks nothing like it used to. The remaining
heads of Agaricia tenuifolia and Millepora complanata which were previously
so conspicuous appear as if they had been beaten thoroughly with a club. All
the margins of the leafy colonies are chipped and broken off severely. What
is left looks sandblasted, with little living coral tissue left. Recently
broken pieces of Acropora palmata lie about. Those still standing are
abraded and have lost much of their tissue. I saw no remaining living
branches of Acropora cervicornis.  Montastrea  heads were still standing but
some were toppled over and many ended up on the topreef. Living alcyonarians
were very sparse compared to pre-storm conditions. It appears that the storm
waves acted to break, overturn, transport, and abrade reefrock and coral
colonies on the upper forereef. The abrasion process appears to have removed
much of the living coral and epibenthos that occupied the reef substratum
prior to the storm. The rock surface thus exposed has been colonized by a
pervasive cover of filamentous green algae, giving the entire upper forereef
a dominant green hue. Grazing and browsing fishes are much in evidence,
though not in greater numbers than previously, in my estimation.
Remaining living coral tissue was still in a "bleached" condition. Some
recovery had occurred from the Sept.-Oct., 1998 mass bleaching event - but
not much. Most heads that originally bleached were still bleached at the
time of the storm, though gradual browning of many Montastrea heads was
evident. Therefore the storm damage was imposed on a reef coral population
in the initial stage of recovery from a recent mass bleaching event.
Unrelated to the storm, on the lagoonal patch reefs adjacent to Middle Caye,
I have noted some obvious mortality resulting from bleaching in Acropora
palmata, Porites porites and Millepora sp.
As yet, I have not examined the deeper forereef and "wall" off  Middle Caye
subsequent to the hurricane because I have been too busy with repairs on the
island. When I can, I will submit a further report.
TOM BRIGHT
Dr. Thomas J. Bright, Station Manager
WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station
PO Box 2310
Belize City, Belize
Ph./Fax. 011-501-02-33855 (Belize City)
Ph. 011-501-05-22153 (Middle Caye)
E-mail <glover@btl.net>
Website <www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 22 12:24:28 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA05482; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 12:24:26 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA17597; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 12:32:55 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017590; Sun, 22 Nov 98 12:32:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA24979; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 16:37:49 GMT
Received: from bio.bu.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA24974; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 11:37:45 -0500
Received: from localhost (lesk@localhost)
	by bio.bu.edu ((8.8.8.buoit.v1.0)/8.8.8/(BU-S-10/16/98-v1.0a)) with SMTP id LAA02237
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 11:32:59 -0500 (EST)
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 1998 11:32:58 -0500 (EST)
From: Les Kaufman <lesk@bio.bu.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: From the hysterical collective.
In-Reply-To: <2.2.32.19981121093630.006f2e88@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au>
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.4.00.9811221132050.2068-100000@bio.bu.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 669
Do the accumulating data bases allow us to calculate the relationship
between the magnitude of bleaching across sites this year and the extent
of subsequent mortality?
Les Kaufman
Boston University Marine Program
lesk@bio.bu.edu
617-353-5560 office
617-353-6965 lab
617-353-6340 fax
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 22 21:40:52 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA07174; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 21:40:51 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA24913; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 21:49:20 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024908; Sun, 22 Nov 98 21:49:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA28893; Mon, 23 Nov 1998 02:16:23 GMT
Received: from MAINE.maine.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA28888; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 21:16:19 -0500
Message-Id: <199811230216.VAA28888@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from [130.111.160.195] [130.111.160.195] by MAINE.maine.edu (IBM VM SMTP Level 310) via TCP with SMTP ; Sun, 22 Nov 1998 21:10:12 EST
Subject: Re: From the hysterical collective.
Date: Sun, 22 Nov 98 21:12:11 -0500
x-mailer: Claris Emailer 1.1
From: Bob Steneck <Steneck@maine.maine.edu>
To: "Les Kaufman" <lesk@bio.bu.edu>,
        "Coral List" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 670
Dear collective:
   Les Kaufman raises an excellent question.  To quantify the magnitude
of bleaching we might do well to consider comparative data at the species
level that is stratified by reef zone and depth.  The Atlantic and Gulf
Reef Assessment protocol would work for that (see:
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra/), I suspect that there are others.
Point is, understanding the pattern of this bleaching event should be a
research priority.  I suspect it is too soon to know how much of this
event is transient bleaching and how much will be lethal.  However, those
of you in the field should get some data as soon as possible.  We can
sort out what it all means later.
Bob Steneck
>Do the accumulating data bases allow us to calculate the relationship
>between the magnitude of bleaching across sites this year and the extent
>of subsequent mortality?
>
>Les Kaufman
----------------------------
Robert S. Steneck, Ph.D.
Professor, School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
Darling Marine Center
Walpole, ME 04573
207 - 563 - 3146 ext. 233
e-mail: Steneck@Maine.EDU
The School of Marine Sciences Web site:
http://www.ume.maine.edu/~marine/marine.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 23 16:20:43 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA05674; Mon, 23 Nov 1998 16:20:40 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA03155; Mon, 23 Nov 1998 16:29:11 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma003106; Mon, 23 Nov 98 16:28:46 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA05985; Mon, 23 Nov 1998 20:27:00 GMT
Received: from seas.marine.usf.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA05980; Mon, 23 Nov 1998 15:26:56 -0500
Received: from localhost (pmuller@localhost)
	by seas.marine.usf.edu (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id PAA17303;
	Mon, 23 Nov 1998 15:22:04 -0500 (EST)
Date: Mon, 23 Nov 1998 15:22:04 -0500 (EST)
From: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
cc: Pam Muller <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
Subject: Question about coral bleaching and El Nino
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.4.02.9811231513070.13275-100000@seas.marine.usf.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 671
A student in a science writing program called me the other day and asked
an interesting question:
"If coral bleaching is associated with high temperatures associated with
El Nino, and 1997 was a major El Nino year, why did the corals bleach in
1998".
I said that the reports that I had followed seemed to indicate that the
temperatures were higher this year than last, but didn't know how to
explain that in the context of El Nino/Southern Oscillation.
I told her to subscribe to the coral.list, so she will probably see your
response if anyone has specific insight into this question.
Thanks,
Pamela Hallock Muller
Department of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA
pmuller@marine.usf.edu
Phone: 727-553-1567
FAX: 727-553-1189 	NOTE NEW AREA CODE!!!
"Discovery consists of seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what
nobody has thought."  - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi -
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov 24 06:48:12 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id GAA12007; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 06:48:10 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id GAA15374; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 06:56:44 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma015369; Tue, 24 Nov 98 06:56:40 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id KAA11380; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 10:39:42 GMT
Received: from arl-img-8.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id FAA11375; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 05:39:36 -0500
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by arl-img-8.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.16) id FAA20522
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 05:34:41 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 24 Nov 1998 05:33:33 -0500
From: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
Subject: Coral data from Pakistan or Iran
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199811240533_MC2-6156-EF7A@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id GAA12007
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 672
Dear Listers
Having looked through much of the main stream literature searching for
coral community data for Pakistan and Southern Iran, I have not been able
to find very much.  Can anyone advise me of researchers who may have
unpublished data for these regions ?  I'd be most grateful.
All the best
Simon Wilson
***********************************************
PO Box 2531
CPO 111
SEEB
Sultanate of OMAN
Tel:    00 968 736260 (h)
Tel/Fax:        00 968 595903 (O)
Mobile:         00 968 9358053
E-mail:         106422.2221@compuserve.com
************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov 24 10:35:08 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA15390; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 10:35:04 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA26983; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 10:43:36 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026966; Tue, 24 Nov 98 10:43:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA12809; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 14:16:06 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA12804; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 09:15:59 -0500
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id JAA12145;
	Tue, 24 Nov 1998 09:03:12 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <n1300223681.44464@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 24 Nov 1998 09:11:56 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Question about coral bleaching and El Nino
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, "Pam Muller" <pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="ISO-8859-1"; Name="Message Body"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA15390
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 673
        Reply to:   RE>Question about coral bleaching and El Nino
El Nino does not follow calendar years.  If you recall the previous largest El Nino event, it was the 1982-83 El Nino.  This one is the 1997-98 El Nino.
A major point is that the actual El Nino oceanic warming is only a part of the total phenomenon.  Better known as the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, these are coupled ocean-atmosphere phenomena in which a combination of oceanic and atmospheric changes occur over a period lasting almost a year.  The changes result in climatic effects over much of the globe.  The coral bleaching we saw was related, but many of the mechanisms of the physical system are still unknown.
For more information, I recommend that she check out one of the many good web sites on the subject.  Ours is:
   http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso
Cheers,
Mark
__________________________________________________________
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D.
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 109              Fax: 301-427-2073
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov
Check out the La Nina at http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso
***Note: OGP has new telephone extensions
--------------------------------------
Date: 11/23/98 16:39
To: Mark Eakin
From: Pam Muller
A student in a science writing program called me the other day and asked
an interesting question:
"If coral bleaching is associated with high temperatures associated with
El Nino, and 1997 was a major El Nino year, why did the corals bleach in
1998".
I said that the reports that I had followed seemed to indicate that the
temperatures were higher this year than last, but didn't know how to
explain that in the context of El Nino/Southern Oscillation.
I told her to subscribe to the coral.list, so she will probably see your
response if anyone has specific insight into this question.
Thanks,
Pamela Hallock Muller
Department of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 Seventh Avenue South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA
pmuller@marine.usf.edu
Phone: 727-553-1567
FAX: 727-553-1189 	NOTE NEW AREA CODE!!!
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov 24 23:10:29 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA24842; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 23:10:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA28540; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 23:19:00 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028476; Tue, 24 Nov 98 23:18:02 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA18558; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 03:28:30 GMT
Received: from mta1.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA18553; Tue, 24 Nov 1998 22:28:22 -0500
From: reefprj@tm.net.my
Received: from TMNET.tm.net.my ([202.188.43.8]) by mta1.tm.net.my
          (InterMail v03.02.03 118 118) with SMTP
          id <19981125032320.HRZA17608@TMNET.tm.net.my>
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Wed, 25 Nov 1998 11:23:20 +0800
Message-ID: <365B787D.6BF8@tm.net.my>
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 11:24:45 +0800
Reply-To: reefprj@tm.net.my
Organization: THE REEF PROJECT
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.01Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Fungia scutaria and H. porcellanus
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 674
Dear cor-lister,
We did  coral survey at islands off Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and
we spotted mushroom coral, Fungia scutaria.  What really struck us is
that the particular fungiids have not been recorded to be found in Sabah
waters.  Another finding that we came across was the Hippopus
porcellanus which were reported to be found in the Sulu archipelago down
to Sulawesi and the micronesia.  The giant clams were found at a reef 40
km from Kota Kinabalu city.  Ocean currents may play a great part of
their distribution.  Now I would to know if there are anybody out their
that have also found the specimens at Sabah's water or the Borneo
island.
Thank you,
Wilson Alex
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 25 03:57:41 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA25866; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 03:57:38 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA06921; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 04:06:12 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006913; Wed, 25 Nov 98 04:05:31 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA20165; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 08:11:36 GMT
Received: from mail.nnm.nl by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA20160; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 03:11:26 -0500
Received: by mail.nnm.nl with Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
	id <VVG2HASM>; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 09:06:26 +0100
Message-ID: <FABA3EA6D06CD11185550000F877DA793CB9CF@mail.nnm.nl>
From: "Hoeksema, B.W." <Hoeksema@naturalis.nnm.nl>
To: "'reefprj@tm.net.my'" <reefprj@tm.net.my>, coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: coral fauna of Sabah
Date: Wed, 25 Nov 1998 09:06:25 +0100
X-Priority: 3
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.0.1458.49)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 675
Mr. Wilson Alex is right.
Fungia scutaria has probably not been recorded before from Sabah, and
neither from Kalimantan,
the Indonesian part of Borneo. From around Borneo there are many
records, though. This indicates
that very little is known about the coral fauna of this large island.
A relevant coral publication on Sabah is:
Wood, E.M. & B.S. Tan, 1987. The coral reefs of the Bodgaya Islands
(Sabah: Malaysia)
and Pulau Sipadan 3. Hard corals. - Malay. Nat. J. 40: 189-224, pls.
7-8. Many of the corals
that are reported in this publication can be found in The Natural
History Museum at London.
Best regards,
Bert
Dr. Bert W. Hoeksema
Co-ordinator Sea Research (Fauna Malesiana Marina)
National Museum of Natural History Naturalis
P.O. Box 9517
2300 RA  Leiden
The Netherlands
Tel.: +31.71.5687631
Fax: +31.71.5687666
E-mail: Hoeksema@Naturalis.NNM.nl
> -----Oorspronkelijk bericht-----
> Van:	reefprj@tm.net.my [SMTP:reefprj@tm.net.my]
> Verzonden:	woensdag 25 november 1998 4:25
> Aan:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
> Onderwerp:	Fungia scutaria and H. porcellanus
>
> Dear cor-lister,
>
> We did  coral survey at islands off Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia and
> we spotted mushroom coral, Fungia scutaria.  What really struck us is
> that the particular fungiids have not been recorded to be found in
> Sabah
> waters.  Another finding that we came across was the Hippopus
> porcellanus which were reported to be found in the Sulu archipelago
> down
> to Sulawesi and the micronesia.  The giant clams were found at a reef
> 40
> km from Kota Kinabalu city.  Ocean currents may play a great part of
> their distribution.  Now I would to know if there are anybody out
> their
> that have also found the specimens at Sabah's water or the Borneo
> island.
>
> Thank you,
> Wilson Alex
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 25 10:29:53 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA29030; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 10:29:50 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA18621; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 10:38:23 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018543; Wed, 25 Nov 98 10:37:39 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA22616; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 15:02:01 GMT
Received: from hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA22611; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 10:01:51 -0500
Received: from ogp.noaa.gov (quickmail.ogp.noaa.gov [140.90.171.10])
	by hulkhovis.rdc.noaa.gov (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id JAA17545
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 25 Nov 1998 09:49:02 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <n1300134527.1312@ogp.noaa.gov>
Date: 25 Nov 1998 09:58:28 U
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Literature
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 4.1.0
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 676
                           Subject:                         Time:   09:55
                           Coral Literature                 Date:   11/25/98
After reading Jim Hendee's recent "helpful hints" message, I decided to make
my literature file available over the web.  It can be found at:
   http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/coralit.html
The following is the introduction to it:
Coral Related Literature
Warranty: none given or implied. The following is provided on an "as is"
basis. This is a
slightly edited version of all of the coral related literature from my
database. It contains
950-1000 references.
Beware that it has been moved between at least 3 different literature database
software
systems and all entries were made by hand or copied from those aquired on the
web or from
e-mails. You should check any references before assuming they are correct.
I hope that it is helpful. If you have comments, corrections or feedback,
please let me know
at eakin@ogp.noaa.gov.
Revision date: 11/25/98
Cheers,
Mark
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 26 02:58:23 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA08453; Thu, 26 Nov 1998 02:58:21 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA17906; Thu, 26 Nov 1998 03:06:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017901; Thu, 26 Nov 98 03:06:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA29020; Thu, 26 Nov 1998 07:11:33 GMT
Message-Id: <199811260711.HAA29020@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 26 Nov 1998 02:09:57 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 677
For your information, the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium will be
held October 7-11, 2000 at the Bali International Convention Center,
Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.  Abstracts of 300 words should be submitted to
the organizer by December 31, 1999, while the full paper should be by June
30, 2000.  Registration costs range from US $300 to US $600.  For more
information, please contact:
Secretariat of the 9th ICRS
	coremap@indosat.net.id
or,
Conference Organizer
	mktg@royalindo.co.id
Web Page:
	http://www.oceanology.lipi.go.id
	Cheers (from beautiful Townsville, Australia),
	your coral-list administrator, Jim
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  1 12:47:24 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA24104; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 12:47:23 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA13743; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 12:56:07 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013733; Tue, 1 Dec 98 12:55:57 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA02350; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 16:48:29 GMT
Received: from send102.yahoomail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA02345; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 11:48:24 -0500
Message-ID: <19981201164602.25984.rocketmail@send102.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [139.133.201.52] by send102.yahoomail.com; Tue, 01 Dec 1998 08:46:02 PST
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1998 08:46:02 -0800 (PST)
From: tim Daw <tim_daw@yahoo.com>
Subject: Eritrean expedition report now on Internet
To: Coral discussion list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 678
Greetings Coral-listers,
The Reefs of Massawa Expediiton '97 was an international Year of the
Reef Expedition from Newcastle University to Eritrea which studied the
coral reefs and potential human impacts around the port of Massawa.
Research included:
* Baseline studies of coral reef communities.
* Investigations into the aquarium fish trade and its potential impacts.
* Simple nutrient analysis to investigate possible Eutrophication.
The entire report is now (at last) available at the site:
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nrome/
Apologies for the delay to anyone who was waiting for the publication
of the information.
If anyone has any comments, feedback or comparisons with the data we'd
be very grateful to hear from you.
With best wishes,
Tim.
***********************************
Tim Daw
Reefs of Massawa Expedition 1997
Hillhead of Craigie
Whitecairns
Aberdeen
AB23 8XE
UK
E-mail - tim_daw@yahoo.com
Tel. +44 (0)1651 862 496
http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nrome/
***********************************
_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  1 19:17:05 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA28947; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 19:17:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA02686; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 19:25:47 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002672; Tue, 1 Dec 98 19:25:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA05981; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 23:40:35 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA05976; Tue, 1 Dec 1998 18:40:31 -0500
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1998 18:40:31 -0500
Message-Id: <199812012340.SAA05976@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 11097 invoked from network); 1 Dec 1998 23:34:58 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 1 Dec 1998 23:34:58 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Announcement of Special Session at Coral Reef
  Assessment...Meeting
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 679
SPECIAL SESSION:   INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL
REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
Fort Lauderdale, FL USA  April 14-16,1999
ENHANCEMENT OF SEXUAL RECRUITMENT FOR CORAL REEF RESTORATION: IS IT FEASIBLE?
This session will explore topics related to the use of recruitment
enhancement methods to restore coral cover to damaged reefs, using coral
larvae or maricultured corals.  Papers on all aspects of coral sexual
reproduction are appropriate for this session.  Papers on post-settlement
processes and on methods to improve chances of early survivorship of new
settlers are especially solicited.  So little is known about factors
determining the viability of the earliest post-settlement stages that
knowledge in this area is necessary to assess whether recruitment enhancment
approachesare worthwhile compared to propagation using larger colony fragments.
Background: Our understanding on the sexual reproduction of reef-building
corals has come a long way since mass spawning of reef corals was first
reported for the GBR in 1984, and for Caribbean corals in the early 1990's.
Many groups have learned how to predict the timing of spawning of reef
corals, collect gametes, and raise the larvae to settlement.  This opens the
door for potential coral cover restoration on damaged reefs with cultured
larvae and/or subtrates artificially settled with coral spat.  However, new
coral settlers are small, and have huge hurdles to over come before becoming
viable recruits.  On the other hand asexual propagules derived from colony
fragments have a much greater survivorship, however, some are as that need
restoration do not have sufficiently rich adult coral stocks to serve as
sources of fragments.  Another consideration is that some important
reef-building species are so slow-growing that it would be decades before
any measurable enhancement of coral cover by new recruits could be expected,
and it may be difficult to convince interested parties to invest in a
program with such a long pay-back time.  Finally, it is still not known
whether larval supply, rates of settlement, or unknown factors are the
recruitment limiting; in fact, on many Indo-Pacific reefs, establishment or
recovery of coral populations via sexual recruitment has been very rapid
without human intervention.
If you are interested in participating in this session, please send a title
and brief synopsis of your presentation to: Dr.  Alina M. Szmant, University
of Miami,  email: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu;  fax: (305)361-4600; tel:
(305)361-4609.
Complete information about the conference being organized by
NovaUniversity'sNational Coral Reef Institute can be found at:
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.htm
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  2 07:46:37 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id HAA02041; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 07:46:36 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id HAA13381; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 07:55:21 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013368; Wed, 2 Dec 98 07:54:29 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA00874; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 12:18:46 GMT
Message-Id: <199812021218.MAA00874@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "Amy Paine" <paine@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: NCRI Conf. Abstr. DL is 15 December
Date: Tue, 1 Dec 1998 20:57:41 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 680
REMINDER
Dear Coral Reef Colleague:
This is to remind you that the deadline for receipt of abstracts for the
International Conference on the Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef
Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration (to be held 14-16 April 1999) is
15 December.
For information on how to submit your abstract, please see the site Call
for Papers on the conference web site at
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/cfp_1.html or request information by email
at ncriabstract@mako.ocean.nova.edu.
Thank you!  We look forward to seeing you in April!
Sincerely,
For the Organizing Committee,
Carol R. Fretwell
Coordinator, Administrative Operations
P.S.:  Save $100 by registering before the end of the year.  Advance
registration (before 1 January) is $295 ($145 student).  Late registration
(after 1 January) will be $395 ($195 student).  Deadline for special
Conference hotel rates is 15 March.
National Coral Reef Institute
8000 North Ocean Drive, Dania Beach, FL  33004  USA
(954) 923-3390    Fax:  (954) 921-7764
email:  fretwelc@ocean.nova.edu
International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
National Coral Reef Institute
NSU Oceanographic Center
8000 North Ocean Drive
Dania, FL 33004
Phone: (954)920-1909
Fax: (954) 921-7764
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  2 16:24:35 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA13682; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 16:24:25 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA25433; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 16:33:10 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma025333; Wed, 2 Dec 98 16:32:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA04604; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 20:34:16 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA04598; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 15:34:12 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id PAA18509; Wed, 2 Dec 1998 15:28:23 -0500
Date: Wed, 2 Dec 1998 15:28:23 -0500
Message-Id: <199812022028.PAA18509@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Subject: NOAA Press Release -- Bleaching
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc: rhayes@fac.howard.edu, goreau@bestweb.net
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 681
NOAA 98-84
						CONTACT:  Patricia Viets, NOAA
         	FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
 (301) 457-5005                		 	12/2/98
	NATIONS AROUND THE WORLD
EXPRESS CONCERN ABOUT CORAL BLEACHING, NOAA ANNOUNCES
	An international team of coral reef experts has reported that high sea
surface temperatures in 1998 have affected almost all species of corals, leading
to unprecedented global coral bleaching and mortality, the Commerce Department's
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration said today.
	Corals live on the upper edge of their temperature tolerance, with high
temperatures directly damaging them. This means that the increase by about 2
degrees Celsius predicted by the Intergovernmental  Panel on Climate Change for
the next 50 years would pose a serious threat.  The 1998 bleaching event may
have far-reaching  negative consequences for human health and economies that
depend on biodiversity, fisheries, tourism and shore protection provided by
coral reefs.
	The group of experts, attending the International Tropical Marine
Ecosystems Management Symposium conference in Townsville, Queensville, at
Australia's Great Barrier Reef, also reported that associated reef invertebrates
have been affected by warmer sea temperatures.  Loss of some corals more than
1000 years old indicates the severity of this event.
	"Managers and scientists from around the globe are particularly
concerned about this past year's unprecedented, global bleaching episode," said
D. James Baker, NOAA administrator.  "The bleaching and mortality rate may even
worsen in the years ahead.  This serves as a wake-up call for more research and
monitoring to help protect these valuable coral reef ecosystems."
	Global coral bleaching and die-off was unprecedented in 1998 in
geographic extent, depth, and severity.  Although the effects were uneven and
patchy, the only major reef region spared from coral bleaching appears to be the
Central Pacific.  In some parts of the Indian Ocean, mortality is as high as 90
percent.
	Reefs in the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Kenya, and Tanzania were devastated,
with shallow reefs looking like graveyards.  Many reefs in Southeast Asia have
been similarly affected.  Countries worst hit were Japan, Taiwan, Philippines,
Vietnam, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia and the islands of Palau.  This will
impact severely on the livelihoods of millions of people.
	Current projections of global warming suggest there could be increased
frequency of coral bleaching and coral mortality.
	The meeting concluded that this is a matter of particular concern for
dozens of developing nations, especially tropical small islands, because healthy
coral reefs are crucial to their inhabitants' economic and social survival.
	Alan Strong, a NOAA oceanographer, has tracked sea surface temperatures
and coral reef events worldwide and was part of the team reporting the
unprecedented results for 1998.  He is  working with Australian scientists to
develop future research collaboration with NOAA using satellites and buoys more
effectively in coral reef studies.  Strong said that an international conference
is being planned for Hawaii in June 1999 to help assess and stimulate further
satellite research of reefs.
###
Maps showing twice-weekly distributions of hot spots are available at:
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
Movie/animations are posted at:
http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
Maps showing the annual distribution of bleaching from 1969 through 1997 are
posted at: http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~goreau
**** <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< ******* <>< *****
Alan E. Strong
  Phys Scientist/Oceanographer                    Adj Assoc Res Professor
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W                    Oceanography Department
  5200 Auth Road                                        Annapolis, MD 21402
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304                            410-293-6550
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
  301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
          http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  4 08:23:19 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA04371; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 08:23:18 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA25181; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 08:32:06 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma025147; Fri, 4 Dec 98 08:31:33 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA20159; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 12:48:46 GMT
Message-Id: <199812041248.MAA20159@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Thu, 3 Dec 1998 12:57:33 -0800 (PST)
From: Geoffrey Daly <gdaly@students.acusd.edu>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Trace metal concetrations in Porites lobata?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 682
Hi coral-listers
Does anyone know of published literature or current research projects
focused on trace metal concentrations incorporated in the Porites lobata
aragonite structure?  Unfortunately, I have only been able to find
research on M. annularis, Montipora spp., and a wide variety of other
significant species.  I've noticed a variability of trace metal
concentrations among these corals and assume P. lobata could vary as well.
I would appreciate any information you could send my way.  Please reply to
my personal email: gdaly@acusd.edu
Thank you
Geoff Daly
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  4 12:56:54 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA09880; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 12:56:52 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id NAA13101; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 13:05:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma013060; Fri, 4 Dec 98 13:05:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id RAA22413; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 17:30:56 GMT
Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id MAA22401; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 12:30:40 -0500
Received: from minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm [196.3.0.2])
	by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id MAA26110
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 12:16:40 -0500 (GMT+5:00)
Received: from localhost by minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA09910; Fri, 4 Dec 98 12:25:46-050
Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1998 12:25:46 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Leandra Cho <leancho@uwimona.edu.jm>
Reply-To: Leandra Cho <leancho@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Nutrient enrichment experiments
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.981204121945.7699B-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 683
Hello coral-listers,
Does anyone know of references on  nutrient enrichment experiments in situ
on coral reefs? I have only been able to locate work by Kinsey and Domm
from the 2nd ICRS proceedings, on work done in the Great Barrier reef.
If anyone can turn me in the right direction I would greatly appreciate
it!
Thanks
Leandra Cho.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  4 16:05:15 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA12588; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 16:05:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id QAA23687; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 16:14:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023648; Fri, 4 Dec 98 16:13:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id UAA23781; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 20:13:25 GMT
Received: from imo18.mx.aol.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id PAA23776; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 15:13:21 -0500
From: UncleToby@aol.com
Received: from UncleToby@aol.com
	by imo18.mx.aol.com (IMOv18.1) id BTJCa20433
	 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 4 Dec 1998 15:03:59 -0500 (EST)
Message-ID: <f60e6a04.3668402f@aol.com>
Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1998 15:03:59 EST
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-Version: 1.0
Subject: Monitoring
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
X-Mailer: AOL 4.0 for Windows 95 sub 205
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 684
Hii Coral-listers,
Can anyone tell me where to find a copy of:
English, S., Wilkinson, C. and Baker, V. 199?. Survey Manual for Tropical
Marine Resources. Australian Institute of Marine Sciences, Townsville, 2nd.
Edition.
for mmediate purchase here in the States?  I need one ASAP.
I would be very grateful.
Thanks,
Stosh Thompson, OSU
uncletoby@aol.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  5 17:32:17 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA18303; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 17:32:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA19552; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 17:41:07 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma019523; Sat, 5 Dec 98 17:40:14 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA02919; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 22:07:14 GMT
Received: from jaguar1.usouthal.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA02914; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 17:07:09 -0500
Received: by jaguar1.usouthal.edu (SMI-8.6/SMI-SVR4)
	id QAA11782; Sat, 5 Dec 1998 16:01:11 -0600
Date: Sat, 5 Dec 1998 16:01:10 -0600 (CST)
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
Subject: NCRI Conference Special Session
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <Pine.3.88.9812051540.A10570-0100000@jaguar1.usouthal.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 685
Hi Coral Listers,
The session described below on detectability will run at the NCRI conference
if we have sufficient interest.  There will be some invited talks, but if
you want to give a paper on this topic at the conference you can request
the session when you submit your abstract.  We will have a panel
discussion to accompany the papers.
The Limits of Detectability: Short-Term Events and Short-Distance Variance
in The Community Structure of Coral Reefs
Organizer: Richard B. Aronson, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Alabama
This session will examine the limits of detectability of short-term
events such as bleaching episodes and algal blooms, which may
have important long-term consequences. The spatial analogue of short-term
events will also be examined: at what spatial scales can we detect
significant variation in the assemblage structure of coral reefs?
Possible topics include reef-to-reef variation; outbreaks of disease;
changes in fish abundance and their ecological significance; effects of
Hurricane Mitch in the Florida Keys; and recent blooms of filamentous
algae in the Keys.  The session will fall under the themes of monitoring
and assessment.
Best regards,
Rich Aronson
______________________________________________________________________________
Richard B. Aronson
Senior Marine Scientist
Dauphin Island Sea Lab
101 Bienville Boulevard
Dauphin Island, AL 36528
Voice: (334) 861-7567
Fax: (334) 861-7540
email: raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  6 10:16:08 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA20252; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 10:16:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA29330; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 10:24:58 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029322; Sun, 6 Dec 98 10:24:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA08409; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 15:00:38 GMT
Received: from gmailint2.globalmail.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA08404; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 10:00:31 -0500
Date: Sun, 6 Dec 1998 15:54:32 +0100 (MET)
Message-Id: <199812061454.PAA18898@gmailint2.globalmail.net>
From: martinpecheux@minitel.net (MARTIN PECHEUX)
Reply-To: martinpecheux@minitel.net
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: BLEACHING IS DUE TO CO2
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by gmailint2.globalmail.net id PAA18898
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id KAA20252
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 686
Dear Coral-listers
This work was presented (and can be
quoted as "Link between CO2 rise
and bleaching proved by fast
fluorescence kinetics") at the 4th
Europ. Meet. Coral Reef, Perpignan,
France, 1-4 Sept.1998, p. 138.
I have done many bleaching
experiments on corals, anemones and
large foraminifers, short- and
long-term, with systematic light,
temperature and CO2 synergies. They
were monitored by fast kinetics of
chlorophyll fluorescence rise
(quantum efficiency of absorbtion,
trapping, transport, later
processes, i.e. photosynthesis
stress measures). I gathered more
than 100 000 data.
As I hypothesized in late 1991 (cf.
my Review on Internet), CO2 rise
and induced seawater acidification
(-0.0853 pH, 21percent more H+) is
indeed an important bleaching
factor : a) it is very complex in
details with time, synergies,
taxons, etc ; b) CO2 is as much
important as temperature for
bleaching ; c) SPECTAULARLY it has
the same physiological effect than
temperature ; one pH less is like
>>4.1 C.
Thus actual CO2 rise is a bleaching
stress exactly equivalent to at
least 0.4, surely 1.2 degree morE,
strongly synergical with increasing
light and temperature. I now
consider prooved that CO2 rise is
directly a (the) main bleaching
factor. And I have good indications
that the origin of bleaching is
impairement of electron transport
between the quinone A and B of the
D1-D2 photosystem II site
(photoinhibition s.s.).
Future CO2 level with a "business
as usual scenario" would correspond
to 5 degrees more during sunny
summer : this is an announciated
catastroph ("best guest" 90-98
percent species death ??). A
proposito, observed recent shell
abnormalities of bleaching large
forams proves that : a) mass
bleaching is a new phenomenon ; b)
it can be compared only to the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary : 10
millions years reef disappearence.
An article is of course in
preparation. Call me if you need
sooner more informations for your
own research, or for
vulgarization/political reasons.
Otherwise, if you have proposition
for a job, thanks.
Martin Pcheux
IUFM Sciences Vies et Terre,
University of Nice
15 bis, rue des Roses, 06100 Nice -
France
Tel +33 492 071 079
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  6 20:03:19 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA21888; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 20:03:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA06393; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 20:12:08 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006378; Sun, 6 Dec 98 20:11:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA11925; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 00:25:20 GMT
Received: from linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA11920; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 19:25:14 -0500
Received: from FUNGIADOM.bio.usyd.edu.au (a08pc-211.bio.usyd.edu.AU [129.78.177.211])
	by linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id LAA15100;
	Mon, 7 Dec 1998 11:19:02 +1100 (EST)
From: "Ove Hoegh-Guldberg" <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au>
To: <martinpecheux@minitel.net>, <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: BLEACHING IS DUE TO CO2
Date: Mon, 7 Dec 1998 11:18:38 +1100
Message-ID: <001201be2177$23035b80$d3b14e81@FUNGIADOM.bio.usyd.edu.au>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
X-Priority: 3 (Normal)
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook 8.5, Build 4.71.2173.0
Importance: Normal
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
In-Reply-To: <199812061454.PAA18898@gmailint2.globalmail.net>
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from 8bit to quoted-printable by linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au id LAA15100
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id UAA21888
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 687
Dear Martin,
I would recommend you read a paper that we have in the journal Plant, cell
and Environment.  It should be out (or will be soon - I can fax you a copy).
The basic finding is that slight increases in temperature cause a stalling
of the dark reactions of photosynthesis - that is, bleaching is akin to a
lowering of the threshold of symbiotic dinoflagellates for photoinhibition.
Our model currently suggests that temperature causes a failure of electron
flow to the Calvin Cycle and subsequent electron pressure from the light
reactions leads to over-reduction of electron transport components and
(probably) active oxygen production.  This results in damage to the
dinoflagellate symbionts and eventually in coral bleaching.
Jones, R, Hoegh-Guldberg, O, Larkum, AWL and Schreiber, U. (1998)
Temperature induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of dark
metabolism in zooxanthellae. Plant Cell and Environment.  Abstract below.
We can also simulate the same effect by stalling the flow of carbon dioxide
to the Calvin Cycle using inhibitors of CA, increasing light pressure,
blocking the dark reactions using cyanide and other means.  Your experiments
demonstrate a similar effect - a reduction in the flow of carbon to the
Calvin Cycle and subsequent over-reduction etc.  I would predict that your
effect is light dependent and that the effect is vastly reduced if your
experiments are done in the complete absence of light.
Given the extremely high coincidence between thermal anomalies and coral
bleaching, I would still say that even though you get this effect in the
laboratory, it is still a (perhaps important) secondary factor like light
intensity.  Your message header, then, "BLEACHING IS DUE TO CO2" is
incorrect.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Regards,
Ove
Abstract:
Temperature induced bleaching of corals begins with impairment of dark
metabolism in zooxanthellae (86 characters)
Running title: Temperature induced bleaching of corals (35 characters)
List of authors:
(a) R.J. Jones 1
(b) I.O. Hoegh-Guldberg 1
(c) A.W.D. Larkum 1
(d) U. Schreiber 2
Institutes of origin:
1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006,
Australia
2 Julius-von-Sachs Institut fr Biowissenschaften, Universitt Wrzburg,
Mittlerer Dallenbergweg 64, D-97082 Wrzburg, Germany
Name and address of author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
Dr Ove Hoegh-Guldberg
Building AO8
School of Biological Sciences
University of Sydney
Sydney, NSW 2006
Australia
Telephone: (02) 9351-2389
Fax (02) 9351-4119
email: oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au
Abstract
The early effects of heat stress on the photosynthesis of zooxanthellae
within the tissues of a reef-building coral were examined using
Pulse-Amplitude-Modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorescence and
photo-respirometry. Exposure of Stylophora pistillata to 33 and 34(C for 4 h
resulted in (1) the development of strong non-photochemical quenching (qN)
of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal, (2) marked decreases in
photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and (3) decreases in optimal quantum yield
(Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII). Quantum yield decreased to a greater
extent on the illuminated surfaces of coral branches rather than lower
(shaded) surfaces, and also when high irradiances intensities were combined
with elevated temperature (33(C as opposed to 28(C). qN collapsed in
heat-stressed samples when quenching analysis was conducted in the absence
of oxygen. Collectively, these observations are interpreted as the
initiation of photoprotective dissipation of excess absorbed energy as heat
(qN) and O2-dependent electron flow through the Mehler-Ascorbate-Peroxidase
cycle (MAP-cycle) following the point at which the rate of light-driven
electron transport exceeds the capacity of the Calvin cycle. A model for
coral bleaching is proposed whereby the primary site of heat damage in the S
pistillata is carboxylation within the Calvin cycle, as has been observed in
the higher plants. Damage to PSII and a reduction in Fv/Fm (cf
photoinhibition) is a secondary effect following the overwhelming of
photo-protective mechanisms by light, a secondary factor that aggravates the
effect of the primary variable temperature. Potential restrictions of
electron flow in heat-stressed zooxanthellae are discussed with respect to
Calvin cycle enzymes and the unusual status of the zooxanthellar Rubisco.
Significant features of the model are that (1) damage to PSII is not the
initial step in the sequence of heat stress in zooxanthellae, and (2) light
plays a key secondary influence.
(words 293)
-----Original Message-----
From:	owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
[mailto:owner-coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov] On Behalf Of MARTIN PECHEUX
Sent:	Monday, 7 December 1998 1:55
To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject:	BLEACHING IS DUE TO CO2
Dear Coral-listers
This work was presented (and can be
quoted as "Link between CO2 rise
and bleaching proved by fast
fluorescence kinetics") at the 4th
Europ. Meet. Coral Reef, Perpignan,
France, 1-4 Sept.1998, p. 138.
I have done many bleaching
experiments on corals, anemones and
large foraminifers, short- and
long-term, with systematic light,
temperature and CO2 synergies. They
were monitored by fast kinetics of
chlorophyll fluorescence rise
(quantum efficiency of absorbtion,
trapping, transport, later
processes, i.e. photosynthesis
stress measures). I gathered more
than 100 000 data.
As I hypothesized in late 1991 (cf.
my Review on Internet), CO2 rise
and induced seawater acidification
(-0.0853 pH, 21percent more H+) is
indeed an important bleaching
factor : a) it is very complex in
details with time, synergies,
taxons, etc ; b) CO2 is as much
important as temperature for
bleaching ; c) SPECTAULARLY it has
the same physiological effect than
temperature ; one pH less is like
>>4.1 C.
Thus actual CO2 rise is a bleaching
stress exactly equivalent to at
least 0.4, surely 1.2 degree morE,
strongly synergical with increasing
light and temperature. I now
consider prooved that CO2 rise is
directly a (the) main bleaching
factor. And I have good indications
that the origin of bleaching is
impairement of electron transport
between the quinone A and B of the
D1-D2 photosystem II site
(photoinhibition s.s.).
Future CO2 level with a "business
as usual scenario" would correspond
to 5 degrees more during sunny
summer : this is an announciated
catastroph ("best guest" 90-98
percent species death ??). A
proposito, observed recent shell
abnormalities of bleaching large
forams proves that : a) mass
bleaching is a new phenomenon ; b)
it can be compared only to the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary : 10
millions years reef disappearence.
An article is of course in
preparation. Call me if you need
sooner more informations for your
own research, or for
vulgarization/political reasons.
Otherwise, if you have proposition
for a job, thanks.
Martin Pcheux
IUFM Sciences Vies et Terre,
University of Nice
15 bis, rue des Roses, 06100 Nice -
France
Tel +33 492 071 079
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  6 21:50:44 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA22169; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 21:50:42 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA07607; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 21:59:35 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma007583; Sun, 6 Dec 98 21:58:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA12589; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 02:19:30 GMT
Received: from relay1.Hawaii.Edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA12584; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 21:19:26 -0500
Received: from [128.171.44.54] ([128.171.44.54]) by relay1.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <150946(9)>; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 16:13:22 -1000
Received: from localhost by uhunix4.its.Hawaii.Edu with SMTP id <171775(10)>; Sun, 6 Dec 1998 16:13:06 -1000
Date: 	Sun, 6 Dec 1998 16:13:02 -1000
From: "J. Charles Delbeek" <delbeek@hawaii.edu>
X-Sender: delbeek@uhunix4
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: BLEACHING IS DUE TO CO2
In-Reply-To: <199812061454.PAA18898@gmailint2.globalmail.net>
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.96.981206160157.11369A-100000@uhunix4>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 688
On Sun, 6 Dec 1998, MARTIN PECHEUX wrote:
> Dear Coral-listers This work was presented (and can be quoted as "Link
> between CO2 rise and bleaching proved by fast fluorescence kinetics") at
> the 4th Europ. Meet. Coral Reef, Perpignan, France, 1-4 Sept.1998, p.
> 138.  I have done many bleaching experiments on corals, anemones and
> large foraminifers, short- and long-term, with systematic light,
> temperature and CO2 synergies. They were monitored by fast kinetics of
> chlorophyll fluorescence rise (quantum efficiency of absorbtion,
> trapping, transport, later processes, i.e. photosynthesis stress
> measures). I gathered more than 100 000 data.  As I hypothesized in late
> 1991 (cf.  my Review on Internet), CO2 rise and induced seawater
> acidification (-0.0853 pH, 21percent more H+) is indeed an important
> bleaching factor : a) it is very complex in details with time,
> synergies, taxons, etc ; b) CO2 is as much important as temperature for
> bleaching ; c) SPECTAULARLY it has the same physiological effect than
> temperature ; one pH less is like >>4.1 C.  Thus actual CO2 rise is a
> bleaching stress exactly equivalent to at least 0.4, surely 1.2 degree
> morE, strongly synergical with increasing light and temperature. I now
> consider prooved that CO2 rise is directly a (the) main bleaching
> factor. And I have good indications that the origin of bleaching is
> impairement of electron transport between the quinone A and B of the
> D1-D2 photosystem II site (photoinhibition s.s.).  Future CO2 level with
> a "business as usual scenario" would correspond to 5 degrees more during
> sunny summer : this is an announciated catastroph ("best guest" 90-98
> percent species death ??). A proposito, observed recent shell
> abnormalities of bleaching large forams proves that : a) mass bleaching
> is a new phenomenon ; b)  it can be compared only to the
> Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary : 10 millions years reef disappearence.  An
> article is of course in preparation. Call me if you need sooner more
> informations for your own research, or for vulgarization/political
> reasons.
Dear Martin,
I am curious to know how rapidly the pH was decreased or was it a gradual
process? In closed systems corals can be induced to bleach by rapid
changes in almost any environmental parameter you wish to name e.g.
temperature, light intensity, alkalinity, UV etc.
However, our closed live coral systems often fluctuate from a low pH of
8.10 in the morning to a high of 8.35 in the late afternoon. We do not see
any bleaching occuring. We also have been culturing corals for over 10
years in systems fed from a saltwater well whose pH is generally 7.5-7.8.
Water temperatures in our systems range from lows of 75-77 oF in the
winter and highs of 80-84 oF in the summer. Again no bleaching.
How would you explain these observations in light of what you have written
above? As Ove pointed out, CO2 changes may induce bleaching but so do many
other things. To state that CO2 is possibly the cause of coral bleaching
may be a bit presumptuous, but rather, as you stated, its synergistic
relationship with temperature and light levels (and probably UV) adds
another piece to the puzzle.
J. Charles Delbeek
Aquarium Biologist
Waikiki Aquarium
University of Hawaii
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  7 09:38:33 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA25775; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:38:32 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA20777; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:47:25 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020770; Mon, 7 Dec 98 09:47:10 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA16793; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 13:55:32 GMT
Message-Id: <199812071355.NAA16793@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Mon, 7 Dec 1998 08:51:59 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Coral Assessment Protocols and Methods
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 689
Dear Coral-Listers,
	This is just a message to new subscribers that a list of coral
monitoring methods may be seen at the following site:
	http://www.coral.noaa.gov/methods.html
	Please contact the sponsoring organization for more details.
	If you have other monitoring protocols besides these, and would
like them listed, or if you have updates to the listed protocols, please
contact Gina Morisseau-Leroy (gmorris@aoml.noaa.gov), the CHAMP
WebMeister.
	Cheers and Seasons Greetings to all...
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  7 09:40:34 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA25816; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:40:32 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA20936; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:49:26 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma020844; Mon, 7 Dec 98 09:48:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA16892; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 14:02:48 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA16887; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 09:02:44 -0500
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA25232 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 08:50:09 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA18304; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 08:59:01 -0500
Received: from post.tau.ac.il(132.66.16.11) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018265; Mon, 7 Dec 98 08:58:23 -0500
Received: from sherman324.tau.ac.il (sherman324.tau.ac.il [132.66.42.143])
	by post.tau.ac.il (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id PAA23174
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 15:55:33 +0200 (IST)
Message-Id: <3.0.1.16.19981207155502.349f8cfa@post.tau.ac.il>
X-Sender: dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 3.0.1 (16)
Date: Mon, 07 Dec 1998 15:55:02
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
From: dafna <dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il>
Subject: Eumora Daisuke
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 690
Dear coral listers,
I'm looking for the e.mail of Eumora Daisuke from the chemistry department
in the University of Shizuoka, Japan. I would epreaciate very much if
someone that have it would send it to me.
Thanks in advance,
Dafna Zeevi.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  8 00:46:21 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id AAA09649; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 00:46:19 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA01893; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 00:55:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001886; Tue, 8 Dec 98 00:54:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA23645; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 05:00:50 GMT
Received: from chaos.aoml.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id AAA23640; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 00:00:44 -0500
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA09499 for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 23:48:04 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA01214; Mon, 7 Dec 1998 23:56:57 -0500
Received: from mgate06.so-net.ne.jp(210.132.247.36) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001207; Mon, 7 Dec 98 23:56:31 -0500
Received: from mail.xc4.so-net.ne.jp (mail.xc4.so-net.ne.jp [210.139.246.56])
	by mgate06.so-net.ne.jp (8.8.8+3.0Wbeta9/3.6W98111712) with ESMTP id NAA14074
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 13:54:03 +0900 (JST)
Received: from xc4.so-net.ne.jp (p8bab61.ykh3.ap.so-net.ne.jp [210.139.171.97])
	by mail.xc4.so-net.ne.jp (8.8.8+3.0Wbeta9/3.6W98081116) with ESMTP id NAA27463
	for <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 13:54:02 +0900 (JST)
Message-ID: <366CB063.2A1F5D25@xc4.so-net.ne.jp>
Date: Tue, 08 Dec 1998 13:51:47 +0900
From: Mariko Abe <shark@xc4.so-net.ne.jp>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [ja] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list <coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Re: Eumora Daisuke
References: <3.0.1.16.19981207155502.349f8cfa@post.tau.ac.il>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-2022-jp
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 691
Dear Dafna Zeevi.
> I'm looking for the e.mail of Eumora Daisuke from the chemistry department
> in the University of Shizuoka, Japan. I would epreaciate very much if
> someone that have it would send it to me.
I guess the person you're looking for is Daisuke Uemura at Shizuoka
univ.,studies organic chemistry.Please check the following homepages.
http://www.sci.shizuoka.ac.jp/
http://www.sci.shizuoka.ac.jp/~chem/org/uemura.htm
Dr Uemura's address:
$B!!(Bknduemu@la.shizuoka.ac.jp
Organic chem.dept webmaster's address:
JAD03115@niftyserve.or.jp
I hope this one is  the right person.
Mariko Abe
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  8 04:47:21 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA10654; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 04:47:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA05380; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 04:56:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005373; Tue, 8 Dec 98 04:56:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA24981; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 09:17:06 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA24974; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 04:16:59 -0500
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1266 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <627081-8555>; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 17:08:55 +0800
Message-ID: <366CECDC.C70E1FE5@ust.hk>
Date: 	Tue, 08 Dec 1998 17:09:48 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
CC: George Woodman <george@hwoodman.demon.co.uk>
Subject: Automated Blast Fishing Detector
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 692
A group here in HK is interested in designing an automated blast-fishing
detector. While we can all see and hear blasts when on the beach or
diving -- there is not a lot of info as to frequency. Even in areas
where blast fishing is common, it is difficult to know how much blast
fishing is going over the medium scale of 10s of square kilometers. The
concept is that an unmanned automated sound detector and direction
finder might be useful to law enforcement agencies who could use
evidence of a high frequency of blast fishing activities to justify
diversion of resources to more monitoring and enforcement.
If you have information about any hydrophone recordings of dynamite or
ammonium nitrate bombs, inexpensive off the shelf hydrophones, or
attempts to build such automated sensors, could you please send the
information to Mr. George Woodman at <george@hwoodman.demon.co.uk>
Thank you for your help.
Greg
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  8 09:43:08 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA15288; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 09:43:06 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA17480; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 09:52:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017459; Tue, 8 Dec 98 09:51:53 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA26934; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 14:08:37 GMT
Received: from soli.inav.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA26929; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 09:08:32 -0500
Received: from x7k2x2 (dip327.inav.net [205.160.208.197]) by soli.inav.net (8.8.7/8.6.12) with SMTP id IAA13072; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 08:02:17 -0600
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981208080243.00e5ea90@soli.inav.net>
X-Sender: osha@soli.inav.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 08 Dec 1998 08:02:43 -0600
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov, CTURTLE@lists.ufl.edu, marbio@mote.org,
        FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 693
Apologies for cross-listings--
I'm looking for information about water quality issues regarding Florida's
Indian River system, with particular interest in:
1) nutrient and/or other chemical inputs
2) aquatic diseases (turtles/fish/other)
3) algae blooms
Can anyone suggest people who have done work in this area? They don't have
to be scientists--environmentalists, journalists, fishermen/women and
others who may have information would be perfect. If YOU fit this
description, please contact me directly by E-mail. If you know of someone,
please pass this request along.
I will be visiting the area 27 December--2 Jan, and would like to meet with
any and all who work on these issues at that time. (Sorry; not the best
possible timing I realize.)
Cheers,
Osha
Osha Gray Davidson
14 South Governor St.
Iowa City, IA 52240 USA
Ph: 319-338-4778
Fax: 319-338-8606
osha@pobox.com
Scholar Affiliate, University of Iowa
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  8 11:12:57 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA17185; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:12:55 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id LAA23136; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:21:49 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023116; Tue, 8 Dec 98 11:21:15 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA27745; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 15:43:14 GMT
Received: from isurus.mote.org by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA27740; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 10:43:10 -0500
Received: from hal.conch.net by isurus.mote.org  with smtp
	(Linux Smail3.2.0.101 #12) id m0znPC5-0011RIC; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 10:36:57 -0500 (EST)
Date: Tue, 8 Dec 1998 10:38:53 -0800 (PST)
From: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
Reply-To: Erich Mueller <emueller@mote.org>
To: Marbio List <marbio@mote.org>, FISH-SCI list <FISH-SCI@segate.sunet.se>,
        Coral List <Coral-List@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Florida Keys research issues
Message-ID: <Pine.PCW.3.95.981208101804.6262D-100000@hal.conch.net>
X-X-Sender: emueller@isurus.mote.org
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 694
To all concerned:
Comments regarding the Tortugas Ecological Reserve are due to
the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary by December 17. Of
particular interest from the scientific community are comments
concerning specific habitats and areas to include or exclude,
functional oceanography,  reserve criteria (both general and as they may
apply to the Dry Tortugas area and permitting issues. However, comments
regarding any aspect of the Tortugas 2000 project are welcomed. These
comments are part of the offical scoping process and will be part of the
public record. Comments should be submitted to Ben Haskell by Dec., 17:
<bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov>.
There is also a Web site that provides more information and ongoing
updates:
http://fpac.fsu.edu/tortugas/index.html
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council
As the Research/Monitoring representative on the Sanctuary Advisory
Council, I continue to invite the scientific community to voice their
comments and concerns regarding the Sanctuary i general, and scientific
issues in particular. The next meeting of the SAC is on 15 December.
Please send comments to me via mail, FAX or email at the contact points
below.
Thanks, Erich Mueller
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director      Phone: (305) 289-4282
Mote Marine Laboratory              FAX:   (305) 289-9664
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center   Email: emueller@mote.org
P.O. Box 500895
Marathon, FL   33050
Web pages: http://www.mote.org/~emueller/pkmrc.html
           http://www.mote.org
Remarks are personal opinion and do not reflect institutional
policy unless so indicated.
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec  8 11:57:24 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id LAA17832; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:57:22 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA26092; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 12:06:17 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026082; Tue, 8 Dec 98 12:06:11 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA28121; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 16:30:53 GMT
Received: from avatar.pty.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA28116; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:30:45 -0500
Received: from angel by avatar.pty.com (8.8.8+Sun/SMI-SVR4)
	id LAA00058; Tue, 8 Dec 1998 11:27:12 +0500 (GMT)
Message-Id: <3.0.1.32.19981208112513.006d35f0@mail.pty.com>
X-Sender: angeltri@mail.pty.com
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0.1 (32)
Date: Tue, 08 Dec 1998 11:25:13 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "Angel Tribaldos T." <angeltri@pty.com>
Subject: Underwater trail
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 695
Dear coral-listers
I am the president of the Asociacion Oceanica de Panama, a No Goverment Organization for the marine conservation in Panama.
We are intersted in references or papers about trails in Marine Mational Parks
Thanks your help,
<bold><bigger>Angel Tribaldos T.
</bigger></bold>Presidente,
<color><param>ffff,0000,0000</param>Asociacion Oceanica de
Panana</color>.
Apdo. 6-2305 El Dorado
Panama, Rep. de Panama
FAX (507) 226-2020
WEB:  http://members.xoom.com/oceanicapty/main.html
E-Mail:  <color><param>0000,0000,ffff</param>angeltri@pty.com</color>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  9 04:42:14 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA28365; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 04:42:12 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id EAA27826; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 04:51:08 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027819; Wed, 9 Dec 98 04:50:58 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA04544; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 08:53:45 GMT
Received: from arl-img-5.compuserve.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA04539; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 03:53:36 -0500
Received: (from root@localhost)
	by arl-img-5.compuserve.com (8.8.6/8.8.6/2.17) id DAA22846
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 03:47:24 -0500 (EST)
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1998 03:47:10 -0500
From: Simon Wilson <106422.2221@compuserve.com>
Subject: Automated Fish Blasting Sensor
To: Coral List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-ID: <199812090347_MC2-62F9-AB38@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id EAA28365
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 696
The availability of a system to log the rate of blast fishing would be a
very useful tool to coastal managers in areas where blast fishing occurs.
However, directing fisheries enforcement officers to sites where blasting
is most intense is a very small part of the solution to the issue as a
whole because the majority of fishers engaged in destructive fishing
practices are often the poorest in the community and have very few choices
left to them.  Poverty and a history of overfishing are the causes that
need to be addressed, while destructive fishing is a strategy for coping
with them.
The long term solution to fish blasting has yet to be found, but probably
lies in finding alternative sources of income for fishing communities,
enforcement at the community level and getting more (perhaps by adding
value or protecting core areas) from the available fisheries resource.
Combinations of each of these approaches need to be tested. This raises the
question of how best to measure the efficiency of such management
intervention, which is where the true value of a blast detection system
lies.
When the rate of blasting before and after management intervention is
compared, we have a direct measure of how effective management has been in
addressing one of the most important indicators of a coral reef/human
system in collapse, destructive fishing.  This is the approach that has
been advocated by the one of the most carefully considered attempts to
manage coral reefs in an area badly affected by destructive fishing, the
Indonesian COREMAP project.  For the sakes of the ordinary people of South
East Asia, and for the coral reefs on which they depend, let's hope that a
sustainable solution can be found to the destructive fishing issue in
general, and to the blast fishing issue in particular.
Simon Wilson
***********************************************
PO Box 2531
CPO 111
SEEB
Sultanate of OMAN
Tel:    00 968 736260 (h)
Tel/Fax:        00 968 595903 (O)
Mobile:         00 968 9358053
E-mail:         106422.2221@compuserve.com
************************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  9 09:35:46 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA01410; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 09:35:45 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA08850; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 09:44:40 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008828; Wed, 9 Dec 98 09:44:12 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA06367; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 13:47:57 GMT
Message-Id: <199812091347.NAA06367@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1998 01:01:27 -0800
From: Dr Elizabeth Wood <ewood@globalnet.co.uk>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: black sponge infestation
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 697
Dear coral listers,
I am hoping to get in touch with reef workers who have had 'a problem'
with an invasive black encrusting sponge in the Indo-Pacific (possibly
Terpios?).  Several reefs in the Semporna area off the east coast of Sabah
(Malaysia)  are severely affected by this sponge and an investigation is
underway to look at the origins of the infestation, its rate of spread,
and likely long-term impact. It would be useful to exchange information
and compare notes with others who have encountered this phenomenon.
Look forward to hearing from you,
Thanks,
Liz Wood
Dr Elizabeth Wood
Semporna Islands Project.
Email: ewood@globalnet.co.uk
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  9 10:04:06 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA01842; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 10:04:05 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA10958; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 10:13:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010910; Wed, 9 Dec 98 10:12:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA06607; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 14:24:23 GMT
Message-Id: <199812091424.OAA06607@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1998
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: coral-list administrator <jch@aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: umhl@global-code.com
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 698
Dear Coral-Listers,
Re: Email address umhl@global-code.com
	I'm having a real hard time tracking down a bouncing email address
on coral-list.  This address is apparently being forwarded from another
address.  If you know whose email address this is, and what their new
(other) address is, I would appreciate it if you could enlighten me so I
can remove that name (or change it) from coral-list.
	Many thanks,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  9 15:31:01 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id PAA06907; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 15:31:00 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id PAA05999; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 15:39:56 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005916; Wed, 9 Dec 98 15:38:55 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id TAA08900; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 19:51:54 GMT
Received: from xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id OAA08895; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 14:51:44 -0500
Received: from minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm [196.3.0.2])
	by xaymaca.uwimona.edu.jm (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id OAA06486
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 14:36:28 -0500 (GMT+5:00)
Received: from localhost by minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm (4.1/SMI-4.1)
	id AA07937; Wed, 9 Dec 98 14:46:21-050
Date: Wed, 9 Dec 1998 14:46:21 -0500 (GMT-0500)
From: Leandra Cho <leancho@uwimona.edu.jm>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Nutrient enrichment references
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.95.981209143855.5355B-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 699
---------- Forwarded message ----------
Hi coral-listers,
Thanks all for the leads on nutrient enrichment references. I have
compiled a list gathered from my search. I hope others will find it as
useful as I did!
They are:
Hatcher and Larkum (1983) Journal of Exp. Biol. and Ecol. vol. 69 :61-84.
Larkum (1994) Mar. Poll. Bull. 29: 112-120
Chapman and Cragie (1977) Mar. Biol. 40: 197-205
Proceedings of the 8th ICRS (1996) Nutrient dynamics and coral reef
ecosystems section Vol 1 from pg 851-
Kinsey and Domm (1974) Proceeds of the 2nd ICRS Vol 1
Larned and Stimson (1998) in the most recent issue of Marine Biology vol
132
Thanks again!
Leandra Cho
graduate student
University of the West Indies
Kingston, Jamaica
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec  9 22:11:19 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id WAA09854; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 22:11:18 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id WAA23102; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 22:20:15 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023095; Wed, 9 Dec 98 22:19:49 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA11598; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 02:35:00 GMT
Received: from mail.caribe.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA11593; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 21:34:52 -0500
Received: from eweil (ppp236.211dip.netdial.caribe.net [209.91.211.236])
	by mail.caribe.net (8.9.0/8.9.0) with SMTP id WAA11033
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 9 Dec 1998 22:31:39 -0400 (AST)
Message-Id: <3.0.32.19981209223332.006bfbb8@caribe.net>
X-Sender: eweil@caribe.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 3.0 (32)
Date: Wed, 09 Dec 1998 22:35:06 -0400
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Ernesto Weil <eweil@caribe.net>
Subject: Cliona spp.
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/enriched; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 700
Dear colleagues and friends of the list,
I am looking for information about the geographic distribution of the
Caribbean species complex of <bold><italic>Cliona aprica - C. langae - C.
caribbea </italic></bold>. If you have observed this (ese)sponge (s) in
your reefs, I would appreciate if you can e-mail me the information. I am
also interested in observations such as substrate monopolization and
coral mortality by the sponge.
Thank you,
Dr. Ernesto Weil
Dr. Ernesto Weil
Dept. of Marine Sciences, UPR.
PO BOX 908
Lajas, PR 00667-0908
Ph. (787) 899-2048 x 241
Fax (787)899-5500.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 10 14:00:01 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA21554; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 13:59:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA26161; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 14:08:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026138; Thu, 10 Dec 98 14:08:00 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA17634; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 18:08:06 GMT
Received: from sme.com.univ-mrs.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA17628; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 13:07:55 -0500
Received: from [139.124.16.46] (smemac16.com.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.com.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP
	(1.37.109.15/16.2) id AA168862870; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:01:10 +0100
X-Sender: thomassi@sme.com.univ-mrs.fr
Message-Id: <v01510100b295a792c657@[139.124.16.46]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.1
Date: Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:03:05 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN)
Subject: Monitoring Programm for urban treated sewage output in coral reef lagoon of high
 island with large barrier reef system
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 701
Dear Colleagues,
I have to define the monitoring programm ("Suivi Ecologique", in french) for the future first urban treated sewage output in an innest area of the very large coral reef lagoon of Mayotte Island, North Mozambique Channel, SW Indian Ocean (it is a high volcanic island, that looks like near an "almost atool", with a 1,500 square km lagoon and a ribbon barrier reef of near 167 km long for just 375 square km of land). This output is planed to flow in the "coastal (neritic) waters" of this coral reef lagoon, at 8/10 m deep (20,000 equivalent habitant per day). But we have to protected one of the Marine park of the barrier reef, at 6-8 km seawards.
No french legislation seems to exist for this case in the overseas territories (New Caledonia, French polynesia) .
 I try to adapte the French Mediterranean Sea Monitoring Programm, according coastal geomorphology and suspended material rate of outflow per day (Mediterranean Sea being oligotrophic, as some of our coral reef lagoons). But this is not satisfying for me.
So, I need informations about  Monitoring Programms employed for a such urban treated output in large coral reef lagoon, as for example : Great barrier Reef (Australia), near Townsville or Cairns ; Fidji for Suva,  in the Indopacific, or Florida and Bahamas in the Caraibbean. Examples as high island with just fringing reefs and ocean outputs are not comparable (as Oahu- Pear Harbour sewage ; Mauritius -Port Louis sewage ; etc.).
I have check the ASFA bibliography but this kind of litterature is more often as technical reports of Water Agencies. So I need to know their titles and authors, and where I can get copies of them.
Looking foreward hearing from those that have this kind of experience ; many thanks.
Bernard A. Thomassin
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 10 14:00:01 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id NAA21554; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 13:59:59 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA26161; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 14:08:57 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma026138; Thu, 10 Dec 98 14:08:00 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA17634; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 18:08:06 GMT
Received: from sme.com.univ-mrs.fr by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA17628; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 13:07:55 -0500
Received: from [139.124.16.46] (smemac16.com.univ-mrs.fr) by sme.com.univ-mrs.fr with SMTP
	(1.37.109.15/16.2) id AA168862870; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:01:10 +0100
X-Sender: thomassi@sme.com.univ-mrs.fr
Message-Id: <v01510100b295a792c657@[139.124.16.46]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-Mailer: Eudora F1.5.1
Date: Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:03:05 +0200
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN)
Subject: Monitoring Programm for urban treated sewage output in coral reef lagoon of high
 island with large barrier reef system
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 702
Dear Colleagues,
I have to define the monitoring programm ("Suivi Ecologique", in french) for the future first urban treated sewage output in an innest area of the very large coral reef lagoon of Mayotte Island, North Mozambique Channel, SW Indian Ocean (it is a high volcanic island, that looks like near an "almost atool", with a 1,500 square km lagoon and a ribbon barrier reef of near 167 km long for just 375 square km of land). This output is planed to flow in the "coastal (neritic) waters" of this coral reef lagoon, at 8/10 m deep (20,000 equivalent habitant per day). But we have to protected one of the Marine park of the barrier reef, at 6-8 km seawards.
No french legislation seems to exist for this case in the overseas territories (New Caledonia, French polynesia) .
 I try to adapte the French Mediterranean Sea Monitoring Programm, according coastal geomorphology and suspended material rate of outflow per day (Mediterranean Sea being oligotrophic, as some of our coral reef lagoons). But this is not satisfying for me.
So, I need informations about  Monitoring Programms employed for a such urban treated output in large coral reef lagoon, as for example : Great barrier Reef (Australia), near Townsville or Cairns ; Fidji for Suva,  in the Indopacific, or Florida and Bahamas in the Caraibbean. Examples as high island with just fringing reefs and ocean outputs are not comparable (as Oahu- Pear Harbour sewage ; Mauritius -Port Louis sewage ; etc.).
I have check the ASFA bibliography but this kind of litterature is more often as technical reports of Water Agencies. So I need to know their titles and authors, and where I can get copies of them.
Looking foreward hearing from those that have this kind of experience ; many thanks.
Bernard A. Thomassin
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 10 19:50:40 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA26420; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:50:39 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA08659; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:59:37 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008643; Thu, 10 Dec 98 19:59:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA20300; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 00:13:33 GMT
Received: from linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA20294; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 19:13:27 -0500
Received: from rhinde.bio.usyd.edu.AU (a11pc-72.bio.usyd.edu.AU [129.78.85.72])
	by linnaeus.bio.usyd.edu.au (8.9.1a/8.9.1) with SMTP id LAA04294
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 11:07:05 +1100 (EST)
Message-Id: <4.1.19981211110723.00942790@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au>
X-Sender: rhinde@mail.bio.usyd.edu.au
X-Mailer: QUALCOMM Windows Eudora Pro Version 4.1
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 11:08:03 +1100
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: Roz Hinde <rhinde@bio.usyd.edu.au>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 703
For your information, the 9th International Coral Reef Symposium will be
held October 7-11, 2000 at the Bali International Convention Center,
Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia.  Abstracts of 300 words should be submitted to
the organizer by December 31, 1999, while the full paper should be by June
30, 2000.  Registration costs range from US $300 to US $600.  For more
information, please contact:
Secretariat of the 9th ICRS
	coremap@indosat.net.id
or,
Conference Organizer
	mktg@royalindo.co.id
Web Page:
	http://www.oceanology.lipi.go.id
	Cheers (from beautiful Townsville, Australia),
	your coral-list administrator, Jim
School of Biological Sciences,
University of Sydney,
NSW 2006,
Australia.
tel. +612-9351-2277
fax +612-9351-4771.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 10 20:53:58 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id UAA26834; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 20:53:57 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA10585; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 21:02:55 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma010573; Thu, 10 Dec 98 21:02:18 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id BAA20735; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 01:26:26 GMT
Received: from pearl.aims.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id UAA20730; Thu, 10 Dec 1998 20:26:18 -0500
Received: from Clive.aims.gov.au ([138.7.34.254])
	by pearl.aims.gov.au (8.9.1/8.9.1) with SMTP id LAA16473
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 11:19:52 +1000 (EST)
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19981211001953.0076745c@email.aims.gov.au>
X-Sender: cwilkins@email.aims.gov.au
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 11:19:53 +1100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Subject: Status of Bleaching report
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 704
Listers
I wish to update the coral bleaching report with new observations since October.
Thanks to those who contributed to the bleaching report.  This was published
in: Status of Coral Reefs of the World: 1998 distributed free at the
International Tropical Marine Ecosystems Managemnet Symposium (following
financial contributions from Swedish Sida, World Bank, CORAL,
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission, University of Rhode Island and
EPHE and Naturalia Foundation of France).  You can examine the bleaching
report on the AIMS home page www.aims.gov.au/coral-bleaching (and possibly
under GCRMN on the CHAMP home page).  If you cannot get it, e-mail me and I
will attach it.
Many early reports were of very severe bleaching, however, these later
became less severe as some corals recovered.  Also I received new
information of extensive bleaching in Palau and Manado Indonesia in
November. We should continually update it.  Next one will be in a few weeks.
Please provide me with the latest information on areas you reported on
earlier or on new observations.
The new report will be put on AIMS and CHAMP home pages and we invite you to
use them to push the agenda for coral reef conservation.
Clive Wilkinson
Coordinator
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator,
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science,
Townsville MC, 4810, Australia
Fax: +61 7 4772 2808 or 4772 5852
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 11 03:18:28 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id DAA28518; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 03:18:18 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id DAA16927; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 03:27:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016918; Fri, 11 Dec 98 03:26:25 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id HAA22949; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 07:36:28 GMT
Received: from cuda.jcu.edu.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id CAA22944; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 02:36:21 -0500
Received: from jcu.edu.au ([137.219.40.133])
	by cuda.jcu.edu.au (8.8.8/8.8.8) with ESMTP id RAA18495;
	Fri, 11 Dec 1998 17:29:49 +1000 (EST)
Message-ID: <3670BDAA.C276464C@jcu.edu.au>
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 17:37:30 +1100
From: Paul Marshall <paul.marshall@jcu.edu.au>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.04 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Underwater Trails
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 705
Angel Tribaldos recently requested information about Underwater trails
in Marine Parks. A group of researchers here in the CRC Reef Research
Centre and Department of Tropical Environment Studies and Geography at
James Cook University have been researching various aspects of
recreational impacts on coral reefs. Our work includes studies of issues
relating to Anchoring, SCUBA diving and Snorkelling Trails.
Dr. Graeme Inglis currently has a publication in prep. on experimental
studies of the <Impacts of self-guided snorkelling trails on coral reef
benthos> done in collaboration with Sakanan Plathong.
Graeme can be contacted by email at:
graeme.inglis@jcu.edu.au
Regards
Paul Marshall
--
Paul Marshall
CRC Reef Research Centre &
Dept Tropical Environment Studies
James Cook University
Townsville  QLD  4811
AUSTRALIA
Member of the Australian Coral Reef Society:
http://www.tesag.jcu.edu.au/acrs/
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 11 10:45:05 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA04871; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 10:45:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA01252; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 10:54:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma001103; Fri, 11 Dec 98 10:53:09 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id PAA25547; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 15:00:12 GMT
Received: from orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA25528; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 10:00:05 -0500
From: astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov
Received: from [140.90.197.121] ([140.90.197.121]) by orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/950213.SGI.AUTOCF) via SMTP id JAA14584 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 09:53:41 -0500
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 09:53:41 -0500
Message-Id: <199812111453.JAA14584@orbit34i.nesdis.noaa.gov>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
X-Mailer: SPRY Mail Version: 04.10.06.22
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 706
HotSpot Notes -- December 11, 1998
NOAA satellite data show "HotSpots" and related coral reef
bleaching have virtually disappeared.  This marks the lowest
areal coverage of extremely high temperature ocean waters
since January 1997, prior to the 1997/98 El Nino, nearly two
years ago!...and hopefully heralds a period of some reef
restoration during the next year.  The final HotSpot has been
shrinking during the past few weeks along the NW shore of
Australia, where cyclone "Thelma" has been active in a SW
course off Darwin....possibly being aided a bit with some extra
"fuel" from these SSTs that exceed maximum yearly levels by
more than 1 deg C.
A. E. Strong
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711W
  5200 Auth Road
  Camp Springs, MD 20746-4304
        Alan.E.Strong@noaa.gov
     301-763-8102 x170    FAX: 301-763-8108
                    http://manati.wwb.noaa.gov/orad
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 11 14:04:06 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA08922; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 14:04:05 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA16086; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 14:13:04 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016079; Fri, 11 Dec 98 14:12:56 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA00898; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 18:17:28 GMT
Message-Id: <199812111817.SAA00898@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 13:15:05 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: More crashes
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 707
Unfortunately, the workstation which is home to coral-list and to the
various CHAMP Web Pages crashed again.  We are trying to restore the
system to another machine as soon as we can.  In the mean time, sorry for
any inconvenience.
	Cheers,
	CHAMP Admin
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 11 23:53:07 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA14967; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 23:53:05 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id AAA02042; Sat, 12 Dec 1998 00:02:06 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma002035; Sat, 12 Dec 98 00:01:45 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id EAA04135; Sat, 12 Dec 1998 04:03:20 GMT
Received: from uxmail.ust.hk by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id XAA04130; Fri, 11 Dec 1998 23:03:15 -0500
Received: from rcz058.ust.hk ([143.89.113.238]:1135 "EHLO ust.hk" ident: "NO-IDENT-SERVICE") by uxmail.ust.hk with ESMTP id <627599-13565>; Sat, 12 Dec 1998 11:55:07 +0800
Message-ID: <3671E951.EB46026B@ust.hk>
Date: 	Sat, 12 Dec 1998 11:56:01 +0800
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Organization: HKUST
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Invitation to Special Session on Science, Monitoring and Management
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 708
Invitation to a one day Special Session on the question: How can we use
good science as a basis for monitoring programs that serve management?
International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef
Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration 14-16 April 1999 Ft. Lauderdale,
FL USA http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
Session Co-chairs: Clive Wilkinson and Gregor Hodgson; Coordinators
GCRMN/Reef Check
Rationale: Monitoring is a very time consuming and expensive
proposition. Many scientists seem to assume that governments should
automatically understand why large amounts of resources should be
devoted to coral reef monitoring. But they don't. When governments are
faced with the question of how much resource they can afford to put into
monitoring, as opposed to say hospitals and roads, they need to have
some assurance that the product of the monitoring is useful and that it
is based on good science.
In the long-term, if humans are going to attempt to manage our use of
coral reefs, some level of
monitoring will be needed to check whether management actions are
effective. Coral reef monitoring programs have been designed for a
variety of reasons and by people from varying backgrounds. The largest
is the GCRMN/Reef Check network, and there are many other programs at
individual parks and reefs. We would like to invite papers that address
the question of how well current and planned monitoring programs are
serving management at any scale. Subsidiary questions could include:
How do managers determine what they need to know to manage?
Are the right people (scientists or managers or bureaucrats or lawyers)
designing monitoring programs?
Is monitoring based on science or whim?
Is the use of key indicators valid?
If so, what key bioindicators should we be using in your area that have
been ignored?
How much do you need to know before you can tell that a reef is "sick?"
What is a sick reef?
Is natural variability so great in fish populations that monitoring
cannot detect subtle changes?
How often should different groups of organisms e.g. fish, corals, algae
be monitored to detect significant change?
Are data on coral growth forms useful management tools?
What does partial mortality of corals mean for a manager?
What level of change in reef parameters should trigger a management
action?
The list of possible management actions is limited: does monitoring
produce excessive data?
What data do managers wish they had?
How to integrate socioeconomic data collection into monitoring?
How to check the validity of socioeconomic information?
Is gathering a globally comparable data set an important priority or an
unaffordable luxury?
How well is your monitoring program serving management?
If you would like to participate in this Special Session, please
register for the conference and contact either of the Co-chairs. In
particular, we encourage GCRMN/Reef Check participants from the Americas
and Caribbean region to get involved in this session, as many were not
able to attend ITMEMS. While an abstract submission deadline has been
requested, you should send your abstract immediately to be sure to be
included.
Clive Wilkinson <c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au>
Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@ust.hk>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 13 17:13:02 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA23912; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 17:13:00 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA04707; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 17:22:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma004700; Sun, 13 Dec 98 17:21:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA17697; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 21:29:28 GMT
Received: from mta1-rme.xtra.co.nz by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA17692; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 16:29:22 -0500
Received: from p17-m3-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz ([203.96.102.145])
          by mta1-rme.xtra.co.nz (InterMail v04.00.02.05 201-227-105)
          with SMTP
          id <19981213212129.PHTI217072.mta1-rme@p17-m3-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz>;
          Mon, 14 Dec 1998 10:21:29 +1300
Received: by p17-m3-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz with Microsoft Mail
	id <01BE274B.AAA7B2A0@p17-m3-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz>; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 10:22:35 +1300
Message-ID: <01BE274B.AAA7B2A0@p17-m3-ne1.dialup.xtra.co.nz>
From: Nokome Bentley <nbentley@trophia.com>
To: "coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov" <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Cc: George Woodman <george@hwoodman.demon.co.uk>
Subject: RE: Automated Blast Fishing Detector
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 10:22:18 +1300
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit
X-MIME-Autoconverted: from quoted-printable to 8bit by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov id RAA23912
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 709
Hi All,
Regarding the development of automatic acoustic recorders for detecting blast fishing.  This idea also 'struck' me a couple of years ago when I heard my first blast fishing bomb underwater.  After discussions with electronic engineers and marine acoustic experts I wrote a proposal to develop such devices but dissapointingly found no funding success with conservation or development agencies active in coral reef conservation.  There are obvious attractions to such a system but it seems that no one is willing to fund such a project until the technology is proven.
This year I have coordinated with the Electronics and Communications Design Centre at Massey University, New Zealand to develop some recorder prototypes.  We now have a prototype for the electronic hardware and are developing the software necessary for calibration and recording.  If we can obtain funding then we hope to be able to have an array of recorders ready for testing by the middle of next year.
For more information on this project see our web site at http://www.trophia.com/blastfishing/blastfishing.htm
Nokome Bentley
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Trophia Research and Consulting        http://www.trophia.com
 PO Box 60
 Kaikoura
 New Zealand
 Ph:   + 64 3 319 6850.  Fax: + 64 3 319 6850
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----Original Message-----
From:	Gregor Hodgson [SMTP:rcgregor@ust.hk]
Sent:	Tuesday, December 08, 1998 10:10 PM
To:	coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Cc:	George Woodman
Subject:	Automated Blast Fishing Detector
A group here in HK is interested in designing an automated blast-fishing
detector. While we can all see and hear blasts when on the beach or
diving -- there is not a lot of info as to frequency. Even in areas
where blast fishing is common, it is difficult to know how much blast
fishing is going over the medium scale of 10s of square kilometers. The
concept is that an unmanned automated sound detector and direction
finder might be useful to law enforcement agencies who could use
evidence of a high frequency of blast fishing activities to justify
diversion of resources to more monitoring and enforcement.
If you have information about any hydrophone recordings of dynamite or
ammonium nitrate bombs, inexpensive off the shelf hydrophones, or
attempts to build such automated sensors, could you please send the
information to Mr. George Woodman at <george@hwoodman.demon.co.uk>
Thank you for your help.
Greg
--
Gregor Hodgson, PhD
Institute for Environment and Sustainable Development
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Clearwater Bay, Hong Kong
Tel: (852) 2358-8568    Fax (852) 2358-1582
Email: <rcgregor@ust.hk>
Reef Check: http://www.ust.hk/~webrc/ReefCheck/reef.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 13 19:57:27 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA24373; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 19:57:26 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id UAA05979; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 20:06:30 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma005969; Sun, 13 Dec 98 20:05:57 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id AAA18704; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 00:25:27 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id TAA18699; Sun, 13 Dec 1998 19:25:18 -0500
Received: from bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (bengkulu.wasantara.net.id [202.159.74.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id IAA07972
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 08:13:21 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from BENGKULU/SpoolDir by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    14 Dec 98 07:12:34 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by BENGKULU (Mercury 1.40); 14 Dec 98 07:12:09 +0700
Received: from bayu (202.159.74.184) by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    14 Dec 98 07:12:07 +0700
Message-ID: <001c01be26f6$c9065bc0$bb4a9fca@bayu>
Reply-To: "Bayu Ludvianto" <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
From: "Bayu Ludvianto" <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: Infos needed please
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 07:14:34 +0700
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0019_01BE2731.66E4BD20"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.1
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 710
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0019_01BE2731.66E4BD20
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Dear Coral-Listers,
A colleague of mine that is working on algae in the fringing reef here =
in Bengkulu (a small remote province of Indonesia) came across a =
particular "beast" that are now starting to cover the old reef =
(well..the reef is in an early stages of succession after it's been =
mined for a number of years). It looks like soft coral (I am now expert =
in coral by the way, I work on foraminifera), it's black or dark purple, =
spreaded like jelly and when it is touched it's got a purple liquid =
coming from it (I can attach the scan picture of it  if necessary)
I would be so appreciative if anyone of you could help us out in =
identifying this "beast"
Many thanks in advance.
Cheers
Bayu ludvianto
Dept.of Biology
The University of Bengkulu
Bengkulu, Indonesia.
------=_NextPart_000_0019_01BE2731.66E4BD20
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Dear Coral-Listers,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>A colleague of mine that is working =
on algae in=20
the fringing reef here in Bengkulu (a small remote province of =
Indonesia) came=20
across a particular &quot;beast&quot; that are now starting to cover the =
old=20
reef (well..the reef is in an early stages of succession after it's been =
mined=20
for a number of years). It looks like soft coral (I am now expert in =
coral by=20
the way, I work on foraminifera), it's black or dark purple, spreaded =
like jelly=20
and when it is touched it's got a purple liquid coming from it =
(</FONT><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I can attach the scan picture of it&nbsp; if=20
necessary)</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>I would be so appreciative if anyone =
of you=20
could help us out in identifying this &quot;beast&quot;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Many thanks in advance.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Cheers</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Bayu ludvianto</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Dept.of Biology</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>The University of =
Bengkulu</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Bengkulu, =
Indonesia.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0019_01BE2731.66E4BD20--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 14 04:55:21 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id EAA25933; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 04:55:20 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA11451; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 05:04:23 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011444; Mon, 14 Dec 98 05:04:15 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA21365; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 08:57:22 GMT
Received: from nmdx01.ncom.nt.gov.au by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id DAA21360; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 03:57:16 -0500
From: Phil.Alderslade@DWNMUS.MAGNT.nt.gov.au
Received: from LMS.NCOM.NT.GOV.AU by aarnet.ncom.nt.gov.au (PMDF V5.1-9 #D3130)
 with SMTP id <01J5BXBURM80007Y5K@aarnet.ncom.nt.gov.au> for
 coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 14:20:42 CST+930
Received: by LMS.NCOM.NT.GOV.AU (Soft-Switch LMS 2.0)
 with snapi via CCMAIL01 id 0050000004881987; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 14:26:55 +0930
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 14:26:55 +0930
Subject: Re - Black growth at Bengkulu
To: "        -         (052)coral-list(a)coral.aoml.noaa.gov"
 <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Message-id: <0050000004881987000002L072*@MHS>
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 711
     Regarding Bayu Ludvianto's enquiry.  I doubt the animal in question is
     a soft coral.  It sounds more like a species of the sponge genus
     Iotrochota.  Perhaps I. baculifera.  Be aware the purple exudate can
     cause painful skin irritations.
     Phil Alderslade
     Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory
     phil.alderslade@nt.gov,au
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 14 08:27:08 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA27065; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 08:27:07 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA17438; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 08:36:11 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017399; Mon, 14 Dec 98 08:35:48 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id MAA22737; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 12:52:40 GMT
Received: from scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id HAA22732; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 07:52:35 -0500
Received: from [208.251.162.162] (1Cust162.tnt5.nyc1.da.uu.net [208.251.162.162])
	by scaup.prod.itd.earthlink.net (8.8.7/8.8.5) with ESMTP id EAA05405
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 04:45:56 -0800 (PST)
Message-Id: <l03130307b29ab954c24a@[208.251.162.162]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 07:50:34 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: "James M. Cervino" <cnidaria@earthlink.net>
Subject: Cyanobacteria?
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 712
Dear, Bayu Ludvianto
Reguarding the beast, it might be Schizothrix calcicola a blue green algae,
or a Tunicate??
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 14 19:03:23 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA11881; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 19:03:22 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA27965; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 19:12:26 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027954; Mon, 14 Dec 98 19:11:33 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA27087; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 23:12:12 GMT
Received: from mail.rivnet.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA27082; Mon, 14 Dec 1998 18:12:07 -0500
Received: from [205.130.32.198] (unverified [205.130.32.198]) by mail.rivnet.net
 (EMWAC SMTPRS 0.83) with SMTP id <B0000448786@mail.rivnet.net>;
 Mon, 14 Dec 1998 18:05:44 -0500
Message-ID: <B0000448786@mail.rivnet.net>
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express for Macintosh - 4.01 (297)
Date: Mon, 14 Dec 1998 18:11:36 -0600
Subject: <no subject>
From: "Judith Lang & Lynton Land" <JandL@rivnet.net>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Mime-version: 1.0
X-Priority: 3
Content-type: text/plain; charset="US-ASCII"
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 713
Coraleros,
As of today, my predominant email address has changed
from: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu
to:   jandl@rivnet.net
Thanks again to Jim Hendee for the wonderful public service provided by the
coral-list.
Judith C. Lang
P.O. Box 539
Ophelia, VA 22530
(804) 453-6605
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec 15 08:45:17 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id IAA16770; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 08:45:16 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id IAA11782; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 08:54:22 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011773; Tue, 15 Dec 98 08:53:40 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA01824; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 13:00:26 GMT
Message-Id: <199812151300.NAA01824@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
From: "David Gilliam" <gilliam@nsu.acast.nova.edu>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: NCRI Conference Special Session
Date: Thu, 10 Dec 1998 17:51:07 -0500
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 714
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL
REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
Fort Lauderdale, FL USA  April 14-16, 1999
********** Special Session ********************
THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL STRUCTURE IN CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT AND RESTORATION
This session is devoted to the use of artificial structure to assess
reef-based processes and to restore functionality of damaged reefs.  Papers
dealing with the use of artificial structure to examine specific aspects of
reef-based processes, i.e. structural complexity and fish assemblages, or
the use of artificial structure to mitigate natural or anthropogenic damage,
i.e. rubble consolidation or artificial reefs, are appropriate here.
It is assumed that the majority of papers will deal with assessment.
However, a major  goal of this session will be to examine if, when, and how
artificial structure should be  used in reef restoration and provide
direction for future research  by identifying what we need to know to use
artificial structure effectively. Emphasis will also be placed on
establishing mechanisms and protocols to critically measure effectiveness.
To this end one or more round table discussions will be held amongst
contributors and other interested parties.
If you are interested in participating in this session,  please send a title
and brief synopsis of your presentation to: Richard Spieler, NSU. email:
spielerr@ocean.nova.edu; fax: (954) 921-7764; tel: (954) 920-1909.
Complete information about the conference being organized by the National
Coral Reef Institute can be found at:
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.htm
David Gilliam
Research Scientist
Nova Southeastern University
Oceanographic Center
8000 N. Ocean Dr.
Dania, FL 33004
Voice: (954) 920-1909
Fax: (954) 921-7764
Email: gilliam@ocean.nova.edu
NOTICE: International Conference on: Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef
Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration
NATIONAL CORAL REEF INSTITUTE (NCRI)
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo_1.html
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec 15 09:01:28 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA17092; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 09:01:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA12577; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 09:10:33 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma012561; Tue, 15 Dec 98 09:10:00 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA01984; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 13:24:34 GMT
Message-Id: <199812151324.NAA01984@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 08:23:17 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: bounced messages/name removal
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 715
Dear Coral-Listers,
	At some point you may find that your name has been removed from
coral-list because email from coral-list to your mailbox is bouncing.
Since I, as the coral-list administrator, receive many (sometimes over a
hundred) bounced messages every single day, I have to make some decisions,
otherwise the messages would continue to pile up.  When email bounces, I
usually choose one of the following actions, based on what the return
error message says:
a)  If the message says "mailbox full" or something along those lines, I
usually give you time to clear up the problem.  However, if the problem
persists, I subscribe you to a "bounces" list, and temporarily unsubscibe
your from coral-list.  The listserver software will send you periodic
messages informing you how to resubscriber to coral-list and unsubscribe
from the "bounces" listserver.  If your name continues to bounce, I
eventually remove you from the "bounces" listserver.
b)  If the message says "user unknown" I have no choice but to remove you
from the list.
c)  If the message says "host unknown" or "host not found" I usually wait
until another message is posted to see if the problem persists before
deleting the name.  Sometimes either a system administrator doesn't inform
the users that their domain name has changed, or the coral-list subscriber
doesn't subscribe/unsubscribe according to their new address, or both.  If
the problem persists, but I know a lot of people use that domain (e.g.,
gov.au), I will put all of the subscribers on the "bounces" listserver.
d)  If the message says "Cannot send message for 1 week" I usually wait
for the down server to get fixed and just grit my teeth while the bounced
messages pile up.  However, if the problem persists, I have to delete the
name(s), or move them to "bounces."
e)  If the message says "dic quota exceeded" it means your messages are
piling up past what the system administrator (at your end) has set for
your limit.  In such a case you are probably aware immediately of the
problem, so I just wait for you to get your act together.  However, if I
get dizzy seeing your name show up again and again in my in-box, I usually
put you on the "bounces" listserver.
f)  If the message says "Non-member submission from
yourname@yourplace.gov" that means you're not a subscriber to coral-list;
or, your domain name has changed, or you are trying to send the message
from another place than from where you subscribed to the list.  In such a
case, I usually read the message to see what it is that you are trying to
send before forwarding the message on to the list.  I may look to see if
your address has changed; but often I can see that somebody from some
organization who would not be a regular subscriber has posted a public
announcement type of message.  Sometimes these messages are relevant,
sometimes they are not.  For instance, I have received messages on
rainfall in the desert Southwest, USA(!); or requests for everything ever
written on the subject of coral-whatever (yet the person is not subscribed
to the list), or (worse) requests (from a non-subscriber) for something
not having anything to do with corals, etc.  Of course, the list also
occasionally receives unsolicited junkmail from people trying to sell
something to everybody on the globe via the Internet.
g)  If the message says "local configuration error" that might mean you
are trying to forward a message to another address, which in turn is
forwarding that message back to the original place of forwarding!  But
this is a sort of catch-all type of error, so it could be anything.
h)  Other problems.  Sometimes I continue to get bounced messages and for
the life of me I can't find out who the subscriber is--this is extremely
frustrating and time-consuming.  When this happens, you may get a message
from me that just says something like, "Test to see if your email is the
originator of a problem..."  If I then get that message bounced back to
me, I remove your name with a gleeful jab at the "D" (delete) button
because I have finally solved the problem.
~~~~~
In closing, please keep coral-list in mind whenever you change email
addresses, and please be patient if your coral-list mail stops coming.  If
you are changing addresses, simply send a message to
majordomo@coral.aoml.noaa.gov like so,
	unsubscribe coral-list name@OLD.domain.gov
	subscribe   coral-list name@NEW.domain.gov
and things should move along smoothly.  Or, let me know what it is you
want to do.  If you ever have any questions, just send a note to me at
Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov so I can be apprised of the situation.
Thank you so much for your patience and cooperation.
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
	coral-list administrator
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec 15 17:08:33 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id RAA26079; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 17:08:32 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA17382; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 17:17:37 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma017358; Tue, 15 Dec 98 17:16:58 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA05289; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 21:35:12 GMT
Received: from chickasaw.gate.net by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA05284; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 16:35:08 -0500
Received: from gate.net.gate.net (txver2-188.gate.net [199.227.29.188]) by chickasaw.gate.net (8.8.6/8.6.12) with SMTP id QAA193142 for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 16:25:29 -0500
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19981215212850.006ab464@pop.gate.net>
X-Sender: melodyr@pop.gate.net
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.2 (32)
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 16:28:50 -0500
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Melody Ray-Culp <melodyr@gate.net>
Subject: Bahamas field station job announcement
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 716
IMMEDIATE OPENING
Research Assistant
Perry Foundation, Inc. (PFI)/Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) has an
immediate opening for a full time Research Assistant to be located at the
PFI/CMRC marine field station located on Lee Stocking Island (LSI), Bahamas.
The primary job responsibility is to provide scientific, research and
educational support to the various missions on LSI. Toward this objective,
the job duties are comprised of the following: Assist in the collection of
field samples and data; coordinate LSI science projects; maintain field and
laboratory equipment and supplies; assist scientists and educators in the
laboratory and field; assist in compiling and analyzing data; prepare
graphs, charts and maps; assist the Diving Safety Officer; prepare and
submit requests for various research and collection permits; assist with
grant writing; assist with LSI computer operations and maintenance; maintain
various scientific databases; develop and maintain various LSI libraries;
develop in-house educational components; and perform special projects.
The minimum job qualifications are as follows: Bachelor of Science degree in
biology, geology or related field; excellent writing, computer and
organizational skills. Minimum one year of work in a scientific research
environment is required. Other knowledge and skills required include those
pertaining to scientific instrumentation, equipment and methodology. Dive
certification for SCUBA and NITROX (optional).
Please fax a cover letter, resume, and list of three references to CMRC at
(561) 471-7553. The position is located at the PFI/CMRC field station on Lee
Stocking Island. Starting salary is in the range of $15k to $18k. Living
quarters and some travel benefits included. Perry Foundation, Inc. is an
Equal Opportunity Employer.
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Dec 15 19:08:16 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id TAA26983; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 19:08:11 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id TAA22752; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 19:17:16 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma022741; Tue, 15 Dec 98 19:17:05 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id XAA06031; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 23:27:43 GMT
Received: from mta1.tm.net.my by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id SAA06026; Tue, 15 Dec 1998 18:27:35 -0500
Received: from nec ([202.188.83.115]) by mta1.tm.net.my
          (InterMail v03.02.03 118 118) with SMTP
          id <19981215232047.AXV494@[202.188.83.115]>
          for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>;
          Wed, 16 Dec 1998 07:20:47 +0800
Message-ID: <3676EEA3.7928@tm.net.my>
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 07:20:03 +0800
From: DON BAKER <dbaker@tm.net.my>
Reply-To: dbaker@tm.net.my
X-Mailer: Mozilla 3.04Gold (Win95; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Settlement Meyhodology
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 717
Hi Coral-L Members,
I remember sometime back a few Coral-L messases about a method used for
juvenile coral settlement & growth that utilizeded a low voltage
electrical wire application. Can anyone refresh my memory about this?
Many thanks,
Don Baker
THE REEF PROJECT
Sabah, Malaysia
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 16 02:05:05 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id CAA28723; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 02:05:04 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id CAA28039; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 02:14:10 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma028030; Wed, 16 Dec 98 02:13:16 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id GAA08397; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 06:13:57 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA08392; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 01:13:52 -0500
Received: (qmail 25573 invoked by uid 0); 16 Dec 1998 06:06:55 -0000
Message-ID: <19981216060655.25572.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 202.188.72.110 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Tue, 15 Dec 1998 22:06:54 PST
X-Originating-IP: [202.188.72.110]
From: "Alain Loh" <alainloh@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 22:06:54 PST
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 718
Hi, All members of Coral-L
	I want to know come information about uranium and thorium in coral
reef. Could someone please send me any information about this title.
	Thank you.
From,
Alain Loh
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 16 05:23:44 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA29542; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 05:23:42 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA29704; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 05:32:48 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma029691; Wed, 16 Dec 98 05:32:27 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA09570; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 09:56:25 GMT
Received: from ns2.wasantara.net.id by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA09565; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 04:56:17 -0500
Received: from bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (bengkulu.wasantara.net.id [202.159.74.163])
	by ns2.wasantara.net.id (8.8.5/8.8.5) with ESMTP id RAA01054
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 17:44:39 +0700 (JAVT)
Received: from BENGKULU/SpoolDir by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    16 Dec 98 16:43:57 +0700
Received: from SpoolDir by BENGKULU (Mercury 1.40); 16 Dec 98 16:43:41 +0700
Received: from bayu (202.159.74.187) by bengkulu.wasantara.net.id (Mercury 1.40);
    16 Dec 98 16:43:31 +0700
Message-ID: <002b01be28d8$d6e918c0$bb4a9fca@bayu>
Reply-To: "Bayu Ludvianto" <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
From: "Bayu Ludvianto" <bayu@bengkulu.wasantara.net.id>
To: <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject:  Infos needed please and sorry for the mistypo
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 16:45:17 +0700
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
	boundary="----=_NextPart_000_0028_01BE2913.75D28180"
X-Priority: 3
X-MSMail-Priority: Normal
X-Mailer: Microsoft Outlook Express 4.72.3110.1
X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V4.72.3110.3
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 719
This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
------=_NextPart_000_0028_01BE2913.75D28180
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
=20
Dear Coral-Listers,
 A few days ago I posted an S.O.S (infos needed message) on a particular =
beast that is starting to cover our fringing reef here in Bengkulu. =
There was, however, a mistypo in one of the sentence.
It's written as......" It looks like soft coral (I am now expert in =
coral by the way, I work on foraminifera)" The word now should be =
written as NO. Sorry for the the wrong impression that you might've got.
=20
Anyway I received several positive response for my request and thank you =
very much, especially to: Phil Alderslade, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Dr. Bert =
Hoeksema and Dr. Jeffrey K.Y. Low
=20
=20
Regards from the sunny Bengkulu Province=20
=20
Bayu ludvianto
Dept.of Biology
The University of Bengkulu
Bengkulu, Indonesia.
------=_NextPart_000_0028_01BE2913.75D28180
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<META content=3Dtext/html;charset=3Diso-8859-1 =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 =
HTML//EN"><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD W3 HTML//EN">
<META content=3D'"MSHTML 4.72.3110.7"' name=3DGENERATOR>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT><FONT face=3DArial=20
size=3D2><BR></DIV></FONT>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Dear Coral-Listers,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>&nbsp;A few days ago I posted an =
S.O.S (infos=20
needed message) on a particular beast that is starting to cover our =
fringing=20
reef here in Bengkulu. There was, however, a mistypo in one of the=20
sentence.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>It's written =
as......&quot;</FONT><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff size=3D2> <FONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3D"" size=3D2>It =
looks like soft=20
coral (I am <FONT color=3D#008080 face=3D"" size=3D3><U>now =
</U></FONT>expert in coral=20
by the way, I work on foraminifera)&quot; <FONT color=3D#0000ff>The word =
<U><FONT=20
color=3D#008080>now</U> </FONT>should be written as <FONT =
color=3D#ff0000><U>NO</U>.=20
<FONT color=3D#0000ff>Sorry for the the wrong impression that you =
might've=20
got.</FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2><FONT color=3D#ff00ff face=3D"" =
size=3D2><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff><FONT color=3D#ff0000><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Anyway I received several positive =
response for=20
my request and t</FONT><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>hank you very =
much, especially=20
to: Phil Alderslade, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Dr. Bert Hoeksema and Dr. =
Jeffrey K.Y.=20
Low</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Regards from the sunny Bengkulu=20
Province&nbsp;</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Bayu ludvianto</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Dept.of Biology</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>The University of =
Bengkulu</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT color=3D#0000ff size=3D2>Bengkulu, =
Indonesia.</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>
------=_NextPart_000_0028_01BE2913.75D28180--
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 16 10:37:35 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id KAA04774; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 10:37:33 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id KAA11760; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 10:46:41 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma011736; Wed, 16 Dec 98 10:46:25 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id OAA11763; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 14:55:42 GMT
Received: from alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id JAA11754; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 09:54:57 -0500
Received: (from kochzius@localhost)
	by alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de (8.9.1a/ZfNServer) id PAA3932534
	for coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 15:46:46 +0100
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 15:46:46 +0100
From: Marc Kochzius <kochzius@alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de>
Message-Id: <199812161446.PAA3932534@alf.zfn.uni-bremen.de>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Re: Coral Settlement Meyhodology
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 720
Hi Don,
here is some literature about electrolytic mineral accretion and artificial reefs:
Freney, R.; Kelly, M.S., 1997: Reviving reefs. Audubon March-April: 23
Goreau, T.J.; Hilbertz, W., 1995: Coral reef restoration on electrolytic
mineral accretion structures in Jamaica. Abstracts, European meeting of the
international society for reef studies (ISRS)
Goreau, T.J.; Hilbertz, W., 1996: Reef restoration using sea-water
electrolysis in Jamaica.
Abstracts, 8th International Coral Reef Symposium Panam, June 1996
Hilbertz, W., 1992: Solar-generated building material from seawater as a
sink for carbon. Ambio 21(2): 126-129
Hilbertz, W., 1981: The electrodeposition of minerals in sea water for the
construction and maintenance Of artificial reefs. Florida Sea Grant College
Report 41: 123-148
Hilbertz, W.; Fletcher, D.; Krausse, C., 1977: Mineral accretion technology:
applications for architecture and aquaculture.
Industrialization Forum 8(4-5): 75-84
Hilbertz, W.; Goreau, T.J., 1996: Method of enhancing the growth of aquatic
organisms, and structures created therby. United States Patent
Pearce,F., 1996: Scrapyard reef a home to coral. New Scientist 2047
Treeck, P.van; Schuhmacher, H., 1997: Initial survival of coral nubbins
transplanted by a new coral transplantation technology - options for reef
rehabilitation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 150: 287-292
ss Series 150: 287-292
URL: http://www.uni-essen.de/hydrobiologie/
Prof. H. Schuhmacher: bbi300@sp2.power.uni-essen.de
This should be a starting point for you.
Greetings
Marc
******************************************
Marc Kochzius
Zentrum fuer Marine Tropenoekologie (ZMT)
Center for Tropical Marine Ecology
Fahrenheitstr. 1
28359 Bremen
Germany
Tel.: +49 +421 2208 339
Fax : +49 +421 2208 330
kochzius@zmt.uni-bremen.de
http://www.zmt.uni-bremen.de
******************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 16 18:01:20 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id SAA12387; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 18:01:15 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id SAA08962; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 18:10:23 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma008943; Wed, 16 Dec 98 18:09:44 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id WAA16275; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 22:04:47 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id RAA16270; Wed, 16 Dec 1998 17:04:43 -0500
Date: Wed, 16 Dec 1998 17:04:43 -0500
Message-Id: <199812162204.RAA16270@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 3265 invoked from network); 16 Dec 1998 21:57:51 -0000
Received: from aszmant.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO szmant.rsmas.miami.edu) (129.171.104.19)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 16 Dec 1998 21:57:51 -0000
X-Sender: szmant@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Pro Version 2.1.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: Job Openning:  Center Director
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 721
ASSOCIATE/FULL PROFESSOR IN CORAL REEF RESEARCH
The Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science at the University of
Miami invites applications for a coral reef research scientist to head the
new National Center for Atlantic and Caribbean Reef Research.  The
tenure-track position is full-time at the Associate or full Professor level.
The successful applicant will be expected to have a strong record of
extramural research support, a demonstrated teaching ability at the graduate
level, and experience in the management of research programs.  As Center
Director, the successful applicant will be expected to develop an
interdisciplinary research program in coral reef biology, ecology, or
geology/geochemistry that can attract extramural funding. Ph.D. in related
area and seven years experience. Rank, salary, and benefits are negotiable.
Applicants should submit a curriculum vitae, a concise statement of
interests and accomplishments in research, teaching and program management,
selected reprints, and the names, addresses, phone numbers, and email
addresses for five external referees.  Completed applications should be sent
to: Dr. Peter W. Glynn, Search Committee Chair, Rosenstiel School of Marine
and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida
33149-1098.  The application deadline is February 15, 1999.
The University of Miami is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
**********************************************
Dr. Alina M. Szmant
Coral Reef Research Group
RSMAS-MBF
University of Miami
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.
Miami FL 33149
TEL: (305)361-4609
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU
**********************************************
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 18 09:14:55 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id JAA04005; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 09:14:54 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id JAA24256; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 09:24:02 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma024215; Fri, 18 Dec 98 09:23:26 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id NAA00039; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 13:06:19 GMT
Message-Id: <199812181306.NAA00039@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1998 08:05:16 -0500 (EST)
From: Coral Workstation at NOAA/AOML <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: FKNMS/SFERPM Document
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 722
Seasons Greetings, Coral-Listers,
	I have posted to the CHAMP Web Page what I consider to be an
extremely good case history of the problems and solutions involved in
establishing the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, and how this ties
in with the restoration of the South Florida ecosystem.  I feel this would
be an essential resource for anyone involved in the establishment of a
marine sanctuary or protected area, wherever the location.  The title of
the document is "The Role of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary in
the South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Initiative," by Billy Causey, and
it was delivered at the ITMEMS 98 Conference (note: this is a PDF
document).  The document may be found at:
	http://www.coral.noaa.gov/themes
	Cheers,
	Jim Hendee
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
   Best Wishes for a Merry Christmas
   and a Happy New Year!
   ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 18 23:04:05 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id XAA16413; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 23:04:03 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id XAA06793; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 23:13:14 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma006783; Fri, 18 Dec 98 23:13:06 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id DAA06283; Sat, 19 Dec 1998 03:31:20 GMT
Received: from send204.yahoomail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id WAA06278; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 22:31:13 -0500
Message-ID: <19981219032813.4179.rocketmail@send204.yahoomail.com>
Received: from [161.142.102.135] by send204.yahoomail.com; Fri, 18 Dec 1998 19:28:13 PST
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1998 19:28:13 -0800 (PST)
From: Rayida Jaraeh <jrayida@yahoo.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 723
Hello...
I need some information on effects of ENSO to the coral reefs.
I wish that you guys will help me out.
Merry Christmas and have a very New Year.
Thanks.
_________________________________________________________
DO YOU YAHOO!?
Get your free @yahoo.com address at http://mail.yahoo.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 19 12:30:16 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id MAA19063; Sat, 19 Dec 1998 12:30:14 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id MAA16430; Sat, 19 Dec 1998 12:39:27 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma016423; Sat, 19 Dec 98 12:39:20 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id QAA10830; Sat, 19 Dec 1998 16:51:14 GMT
Received: from umigw.miami.edu by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id LAA10825; Sat, 19 Dec 1998 11:51:08 -0500
Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1998 11:51:08 -0500
Message-Id: <199812191651.LAA10825@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: (qmail 14025 invoked from network); 19 Dec 1998 16:44:00 -0000
Received: from phil.rsmas.miami.edu (HELO phil) (129.171.103.124)
  by umigw.miami.edu with SMTP; 19 Dec 1998 16:44:00 -0000
X-Sender: pkramer@mail.rsmas.miami.edu
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
From: Philip Kramer <pkramer@rsmas.miami.edu>
Subject: AGRA Workshop in Bonaire
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 724
The Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment (AGRA) initiative in collaboration
with the Bonaire Marine Park is holding a training workshop in Bonaire
February 1-5, 1999. The purpose of the workshop is to train participants on
the Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment Rapid Assessment Protocol (AGRA-RAP),
data analysis methods, and techniques on how to apply the data for
management and conservation purposes.  We will also conduct AGRA-RAP on
several areas in Bonaire to determine the condition of the reefs.
What is AGRA-RAP?
The Atlantic and Gulf Reef Assessment (AGRA) is an international
collaboration of researchers and managers designed to evaluate reef
condition throughout the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico using a Rapid
Assessment Protocol (RAP). The three core components of AGRA-RAP examine the
condition of hard corals, composition of algal communities, and abundance
and size of fishes. For more information on AGRA please see the web site:
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra.
Workshop Information
If you are interested in participating in the workshop, please see the web
site for information on costs, schedule, and the registration form.
Registration deadline is January 15, 1999. If you have additional questions
or cannot access the website, contact Philip Kramer at pkramer@rsmas.miami.edu.
The AGRA website is: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/agra.
Sponsors
The workshop is sponsored by Bonaire Marine Park, Captain Don's Habitat,
Dive Bonaire, and the University of Miami.  Established in 1979, the Bonaire
Marine Park surrounds the islands of Bonaire and Klein Bonaire covering an
estimated 2700 hectares. For more information about the Bonaire Marine park
visit their web site at: http://www.bmp.org/ or contact Kalli de Meyer at
(599) 7 8444 or e-mail at marinepark@bmp.org.
Philip Kramer, Ph.D
Marine Geology and Geophysics
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science
University of Miami
(w) 305-361-4968
(fax) 305-361-4632
e-mail: pkramer@rsmas.miami.edu
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 21 16:54:27 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id QAA07190; Mon, 21 Dec 1998 16:54:19 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id RAA27325; Mon, 21 Dec 1998 17:03:34 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma027307; Mon, 21 Dec 98 17:02:42 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id VAA01241; Mon, 21 Dec 1998 21:18:14 GMT
Received: from kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id QAA01232; Mon, 21 Dec 1998 16:18:05 -0500
Received: by kennesaw_5.wins.lawco.com with Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
	id <ZL2J8P00>; Mon, 21 Dec 1998 16:10:42 -0500
Message-ID: <4D333629EC74D211A0F900104B79C72DBB5C@miami-1.wins.lawco.com>
From: "Precht,Bill" <BPrecht@kennesaw.Lawco.com>
To: Coral-List <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>
Subject: RE: NCRI Special Session
Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1998 16:10:33 -0500
MIME-Version: 1.0
X-Mailer: Internet Mail Service (5.5.2232.9)
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 725
Special
>>Session Title: IMPROVING DECISION MAKING IN CORAL REEF
>>RESTORATION; Chair: Bill Precht
>>To date most coral reef restoration programs have been performed without a
>>scientific basis for what works, what does not, and why? This
>>special session will be designed to understand the scientific
>>rationale behind the enterprise of reef restoration.  This
>>session should be invaluable towards improving the decision
>>making process in reef restoration.  It will be helpful to use
>>some lessons learned from coastal and wetland restoration
>>programs.  To this end, leaders in these representative fields
>>will be invited to participate and share the "how  to and how
>>not to" with us "neophytes" in the field of coral reef
>>restoration. Papers on aspects of goal setting, success
>>criteria, adaptive management, and restoration case histories
>>are appropriate for this session.  Papers on the science of
>>restoration ecology are especially solicited.
>>--------------------------------------------------------------------
>
ABSTRACTS DUE ON JANUARY 15, 1999
NOTICE: International Conference on:
SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF CORAL REEF ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND RESTORATION
National Coral Reef Institute (NCRI)
April 14-16, 1999, Ft. Lauderdale, FL
http://www.nova.edu/ocean/ncri/confinfo
William F. Precht
Natural Resources Manager
LAW Engineering & Environmental Services, Inc.
5845 NW 158th Street
Miami Lakes, FL  33014
ph (305) 826-5588
fax (305) 826-1799
>    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>    Best Wishes for a Merry Christmas
>    and a Happy New Year!
>    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
>
>
>
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Dec 23 14:07:29 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id OAA26491; Wed, 23 Dec 1998 14:07:27 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id OAA21413; Wed, 23 Dec 1998 14:16:43 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma021347; Wed, 23 Dec 98 14:15:53 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id SAA07978; Wed, 23 Dec 1998 18:06:56 GMT
Received: from max5.rrze.uni-erlangen.de by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id NAA07972; Wed, 23 Dec 1998 13:06:52 -0500
Received: from [131.188.73.40] by max5.rrze.uni-erlangen.de with ESMTP; Wed, 23 Dec 1998 18:59:23 +0100
Message-Id: <36812F8D.14916170@biologie.stud.uni-erlangen.de>
Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1998 18:59:41 +0100
From: Daniel Angerer <Daniel.Angerer@biologie.stud.uni-erlangen.de>
X-Mailer: Mozilla 4.05 [en] (WinNT; I)
MIME-Version: 1.0
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: literature research
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 726
Hi,
 I'm studying biology at the University of Erlangen-Nurenberg and I will
write a master thesis starting 1999 about the project topic "settlement
rates of coral larvae at a silt damaged reef on the Philippines".
Now I am looking for any helpful information, article, review or
internet address concerning that subject, especially the methodology of
surveying the resettlement of coral
larvae on the substrate.
If you have any suggestions, please write back to my email address
thanks for your support
Daniel Angerer
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 25 21:43:42 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id VAA10389; Fri, 25 Dec 1998 21:43:40 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id VAA18901; Fri, 25 Dec 1998 21:53:01 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma018890; Fri, 25 Dec 98 21:52:14 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id CAA26438; Sat, 26 Dec 1998 02:14:12 GMT
Received: from hotmail.com by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id VAA26433; Fri, 25 Dec 1998 21:14:07 -0500
Received: (qmail 16915 invoked by uid 0); 26 Dec 1998 02:06:28 -0000
Message-ID: <19981226020628.16914.qmail@hotmail.com>
Received: from 165.21.83.136 by www.hotmail.com with HTTP;
	Fri, 25 Dec 1998 18:06:28 PST
X-Originating-IP: [165.21.83.136]
From: "Taufik Hizbul Haq" <yajari@hotmail.com>
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Feather star booming
Date: Fri, 25 Dec 1998 18:06:28 PST
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status:
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 727
Dear All,
Few days ago our team have made coral survey around west of
Lombok-Indonesia to see the coral condition after El-Nino. The team
found a fenomenon of feather star (crinoid) booming in many locations.
We would like to know the answer of this fenomenon but we don't have any
informations and literature about it. We also plan to make further
research about this fenomenon after we got enough literature. We invite
any participants to support and donate this program.
Thank you for your kindly attention and we look forward to hearing from
you soon!
Regards,
Zoel
JARI Foundation
______________________________________________________
Get Your Private, Free Email at http://www.hotmail.com
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 28 05:47:30 1998 -0500
Return-Path: <owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov>
Received: from hugo.aoml.noaa.gov (firewall-user@hugo [172.16.100.247])
          by chaos.aoml.noaa.gov (8.8.4/8.8.4) with SMTP
	  id FAA17662; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 05:47:28 -0500 (EST)
Received: by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov; id FAA23380; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 05:56:54 -0500
Received: from coral.aoml.noaa.gov(192.111.123.248) by hugo.aoml.noaa.gov via smap (4.1)
	id xma023373; Mon, 28 Dec 98 05:56:47 -0500
Received: by coral.aoml.noaa.gov (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for coral-list-outgoing id JAA13922; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 09:30:09 GMT
Received: from mailout07.btx.dtag.de by coral.aoml.noaa.gov via SMTP (950413.SGI.8.6.12/930416.SGI)
	for <coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA13908; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 04:30:04 -0500
Received: from fwd13.btx.dtag.de (fwd13.btx.dtag.de [194.25.2.173])
	by mailout07.btx.dtag.de with smtp
	id 0zuYrc-0007kq-00; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 10:21:24 +0100
Received:  (320098980814-0001(btxid)@[62.157.32.247])
	by fwd13.btx.dtag.de
	id <m0zuYrK-0003D2C>; Mon, 28 Dec 1998 10:21:06 +0100
Message-Id: <m0zuYrK-0003D2C@fwd13.btx.dtag.de>
Date: Mon, 28 Dec 1998 10:21:06 +0100
To: coral-list@coral.aoml.noaa.gov
Subject: Coral Bleaching ?
X-Mailer: T-Online eMail 2.2
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8BIT
X-Sender: 320098980814-0001@t-online.de
From: Goetz.Reinicke@t-online.de (Goetz Reinicke)
Sender: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov
Precedence: bulk
Status: RO
X-Status: A
X-Keywords:
X-UID: 728
There was a web-site collecting reports of bleaching events and observations.
Sorry, I mislaid the note about it. Who can hint me to the site ?
Goetz
                                        - PACEM IN MARIBUS ! -
===============================================================
Dr. Goetz B. Reinicke
Deutsches Meeresmuseum
German Oceanographic Museum
(Museum for Marine Research and Fisheries - Aquarium)
Katharinenberg 14-20
D - 18439 Stralsund
GERMANY
Tel.: 03831-26 50 26
Fax: 03831-26 50 60
e-mail: Goetz.reinicke@t-online.de
===============================================================