From hendee@wave Thu Jan  8 10:25:56 1996 
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Date: Mon, 8 Jan 1996 10:12:11 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Injection Wells in West Maui (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960108100927.15864A-100000@coral> 
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The following is a message from Ed Parnell of University of Hawaii, and is 
herewith forwarded to the list.  Sorry for the delay in posting, brought  
about by the U.S. Government budget impasse.  In the future, any messages  
sent to coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov will be automatically forwarded to  
the list without need for human intervention (we hope!). 
 
	JCH 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 28 Dec 1995 10:22:44 -1000 (HST) 
From: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: Injection Wells in West Maui 
 
Deb Schulman and Ed Laws in the oceanography dept. at UH found that  
ammonia, nitrate, silicate (indicator of freshwater), and del N-15 ratios  
were higher at Barbers Point and Ewa Beach than most other areas of Mamala  
Bay.  They implicated cesspools to account for the high ammonia and/or 
groundwater intrusion from the Ewa plain (cultivated for sugar cane for  
the last 100 years) to account for the other high variables.  The pattern  
of higher nutrients and del N-15 was robust over the ranges of seasonal  
variation they observed.  This work was part of the Mamala Bay study. 
 
Brad Gould, in a separate study within the MBS, found that nitrate  
concentrations were significantly correlated with wave energy.  The  
relationship was non-linear; nitrate concentrations increased with  
increasing wave energy, and the slope at which nitrate concentrations  
increased became steeper with increasing wave energy.  Pore waters  
(including groundwater) are pumped by increasing wave energy.  This all  
means that groundwater is a likely significant source of nitrate. 
 
Algal diversity and biomass was quantified as part of MBS by Alison Kay  
et al.  They studied three areas; 1) the natatorium (Waikiki) 2) Sand  
Isalnd and 3) Honouliuli.  Algae were studied at three depths 7, 17, and  
27 m during winter 94, summer 94, and winter 95.  Temporal and spatial  
variability of dry weight data was so great, just by looking at their  
graphs (no stats done unfortunately), that no clear pattern emerged.   
Algal diversity (as # of genera; no diversity indeces were calculated)  
was highest at Barbers Point.  Lynbia and Pterocladia were dominants at  
all three sites. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jan  8 10:26:01 1996 
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Date: Mon, 8 Jan 1996 10:13:25 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: RE: Injection Wells in West Maui (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960108101224.15864B-100000@coral> 
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Another forwarded message... 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 2 Jan 1996 12:43:17 -0500 
From: Haskell, B. <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: RE: Injection Wells in West Maui 
 
FYI, the Florida environmental regulatory commission recently decided not 
to permit anymore injection wells in the Florida Keys due to nearshore 
water quality degradation.  
 
bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jan  8 10:27:08 1996 
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Date: Mon, 8 Jan 1996 10:14:37 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Injection Wells in West Maui (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960108101349.15864C-100000@coral> 
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This forwarded message is apparently in response to the message posted by  
 Ursula Keuper-Bennett (howzit@io.org). 
 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 4 Jan 1996 17:13:31 -0700 
From: Jack Hardy <jhardy@henson.cc.wwu.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: Injection Wells in West Maui 
 
Send me your mailing address and I'll send copies of a couple of papers we 
did years ago on eutrophication along the coast of Lebanon, including 
algal; blooms. 
 
 
Jack Hardy, Director 
Center for Environmental Sciences 
Western Washington University 
Bellingham, WA 98225-9181 
voice 360-650-6108 
fax 360-650-7284 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Mon Jan 12 10:45:25 1996 
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Date: 12 Jan 1996 10:27:47 -0500 
From: "Haskell, B." <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Fl Keys Nat'l Marine Sanctuary Mgmt. Plan 
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Notice to the general science/management community: 
If there are any folks out there who are teaching courses in coastal zone 
management or marine protected areas, the Draft Management Plan/Environmental 
Impact Statement for the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary can be made 
available to you as a teaching tool.  The plan is the first integrated, 
ecosystem-based management plan developed for a marine protected area in the 
U.S.A.  It represents the culmination of 5 years of planning with a citizen 
advisory council, managers, scientists, and the public.  The plan consists of 
3 volumes for a total of 781 pages.  Vol. I is composed of 10 action plans: 
water quality, zoning, research and monitoring, education, enforcement, 
mooring buoys, channel marking, volunteer, submerged cultural resources, and 
regulatory.  Vol II is the environmental impact statement including a detailed 
description of the Keys' marine ecosystem and Vol. III are appendices.   
 
If you want multiple copies we must ask that you pay for postage by COD or 
give us your delivery account number (Fedex).  We have plenty of copies left 
to give away. If interested, please contact: 
Benjamin Haskell 
Science Coordinator 
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 
P.O. Box 500368 
Marathon, FL  33050 
Ph.(305) 743-2437 Fax (305) 743-2357 
Email: bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jan 12 14:20:03 1996 
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From: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
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	id AA821484708; Fri, 12 Jan 96 14:09:07 est 
Date: Fri, 12 Jan 96 14:09:07 est 
Encoding: 12 Text 
Message-Id: <9600128214.AA821484708@cliff.whoi.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: coral proxies 
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            Stan Hart and I are currently working on calibrating 
          various coral-based proxies against instrumental records. 
          Most of these are proxies for water temperature and we're 
          focusing on Porites sp. for now. We're interested to locate 
          other reef sites at which physical parameters such as 
          water temperature have been continuously monitored 
          over the past few years (2-3), especially those which show 
          large amplitude fluctuations of weekly or sub-weekly 
          duration. If you can help, we'd like to hear from you 
          thanks, 
          Anne Cohen 
          (acohen@whoi.edu) 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jan 18 09:23:53 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Jan 1996 09:53:15 -0800 (PST) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: coral list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Snorkelling sites in the Keys (fwd) 
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Coral List, 
 
Any good advice on this request would be appreciated.  Please send  
answers directly to Dr. Spears. 
 
 
 
Thanks, 
 
Mike Marshall 
 
 
 
     MJM/MARBIO lstowner. 
 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Michael J. Marshall, Ph.D. 
  Mote Marine Laboratory              marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us              
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program     941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 
  1600 Thompson Parkway               http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""                            
Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization     
       
       
 
 
 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 17 Jan 1996 22:01:41 -0500 
From: Gene Spears <spears@bobcat.lmc.edu> 
To: Multiple recipients of list ECOLOG-L <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU> 
Subject: Snorkelling sites in the Keys 
 
    A colleague & I just finished a field course in Florida & as 
aprt of the course, took our students to the Pennycamp State Park on Key 
Largo.  Fish diversity was high, though the reef seemed to be in rough 
shape, and the experience was worthwhile, but rather expensive for a class 
of eight.  Can anyone suggest snorkelling spots off the Keys that don't 
require a boat trip, i.e. park and snorkel spots? 
 
Thanks, 
gene 
spears@bobcat.lmc.edu 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jan 18 11:28:46 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Jan 96 16:13:11 GMT 
From: Lloyd Timberlake <lloyd@gn.apc.org> 
Message-Id: <9601181613.AA27595@gn.apc.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: job 
Cc: coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
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AVINA, a young Swiss-based foundation, finds and encourages  
leadership for sustainable development in the areas of business,  
institutional change, grassroots development, and conservation in Latin  
America. We are opening a new office in Miami and are seeking a  
 
		Project Manager for Marine Conservation.  
 
The project manager will help to develop our new marine conservation  
programme, focusing at present on the reefs and coasts of Central and  
South America. The job will require vision, strategic planning,  
administration, partnership development, and a great deal of travel to  
keep up with developments in marine conservation in Latin America.   
 
Requirements: 
 
*	A PhD in Marine Science or equivalent discipline. 
*	A minimum of five years experience working in Tropical Marine  
        Conservation. 
*	Fluency in English and Spanish - including an ability to write well in  
        both. 
*	Self-motivation, organisation, communications skills, tact and an  
        ability to work largely unsupervised.  
 
Conditions: 
*	Position will be based at the foundation's new office in Miami 
*	Initial  one-year contract 
*	Competitive salary reflecting the importance we place on the  
        recruitment of high quality staff 
 
Prospective candidates should send a full CV with a recent photo and  
telephone number to 	Erica Knie,  
			Aptdo 96 
			07150 Andraitx 
			Mallorca 
			SPAIN 
 
  
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jan 18 12:56:14 1996 
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To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
From: <mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov> (Michael Crosby) 
Subject: coral "health" criteria 
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As part of my interest to formulate draft criteria for success in  
improving the overall "health" or condition of the Florida Keys coral  
reef ecosystem (including all associated habitats such as coral reefs,  
mangroves, seagrasses, associated bays and inlets, etc.), I would greatly  
appreciate input and ideas from those of you with expertise in this broad  
ecosystem.  I am not looking for verbose treatise on the subject of what  
is "healthy" versus "non-healthy".  What I am looking for is what  
specific variables (i.e., biomass, diversity, presence/absence,  
physico-chemical, indicator species) you would feel should increase or  
decrease, and in what magnitude, in order to say the system is improving  
in overall condition.  Note that I am looking for criteria to measure  
significant improvement, not total restoration (that is another kettle of  
fish altogether!) 
 
Some variable that have been suggested to date (although in many cases  
still requiring some degree of being quantitative) are: 
- Nutrients and suspended sediments reduced (by how much? or to what  
level?) 
- Macro algae bloom and coverage decrease (by how much? or to what  
level?) 
- Increase sea urchin population (by how much? or to what level?) 
- Tortugus shrimp harvests restored to recent historic levels to support  
a MSY of 10 million pounds annually 
- Increase in population of common snook (by how much? or to what level?) 
- Increase in recruitment of Gray Snapper (by how much? or to what  
level?) 
- Restoration of larval and juvenile spiny lobster habitat (loggerhead  
sponges) to their historic range (what is that range?) 
- Increase in sighting of jewfish (by how much? or to what level?) 
- Increase in sighting of sea turtles (which species? by how much? or to  
what level?) 
- An increase in coral cover by 15-20% (is this realistic? to low? to  
high? key species?) 
- Restore coverage and species composition of seagrasses to mid-1980s  
level 
- Increase in wading bird, osprey and brown pelican populations (by how  
much? or to what level?) 
 
Any input or comments that address the above "by how much? or to what  
level?" questions, and/or additional variable to employ as criteria for  
success would be most appreciated. 
 
I am not sure if it is best to send your input directly to me at my  
Internet address, or to respond via this coral list server.  The former  
may help to limit loading the server with what some may consider not to  
be of interest, however the latter approach may serve to stimulate some  
useful discussions.  I would appreciate input ASAP. 
 
Many Thanks and Cheers, 
Michael 
--------------------------------------------------- 
Dr. Michael P. Crosby 
National Research Coordinator 
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 
NOAA, SSMC-4, Rm 11437 
1305 East West Highway 
Silver Spring, MD   20910 
phone: 301-713-3155, ext. 114 
fax: 301-713-4012 
Internet: mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jan 18 15:54:59 1996 
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Message-Id: <n1390139781.29001@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 18 Jan 1996 16:29:50 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: International Conference on 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov>, 
        "Recipients of MarBio List" <marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
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                      Subject:                              Time:  3:30 PM 
  OFFICE MEMO         International Conference on Biology...  Date:  1/18/96 
 
Announcement: 
 
Within the first two weeks of April 1997 an International Conference on the 
Biology of  Coastal Environments wil be held in Bahrain.  The meeting will 
provide a borad forum for marine biologists and related scientists from all 
over the world to communicate and discuss many aspects of coastal 
environments from diatoms to fishes, including mangroves, coral reefs, and 
fisheries, as well as related applied and basic research.   
 
 
TITLE: International Conference on Biology of Coastal Environments 
 
Organizer: 
 
        Dr. Jameel Abbas 
        Chairman, Organising Committee 
         Dept. of Biology, Univ. of Bahrain. 
        P.O.Box 32038 - 
        State of Bahrain 
 
Date: April 1997 
 
Contact: 
 
Telephone: 681234/688316 
Fax: 682582 
 
Plenary Speakers include: 
 
Pirazzoli, France 
Round, UK 
Krahn, USA 
Morioka, Japan 
Crawford, UK 
Popp, Austria 
 
Session topics:  Aquaculture/Fisheries, coral reefs, intertidal, mangroves, 
pollution, supralittoral 
 
Additional information available including a call for abstracts to be  
available in February 1996. 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jan 18 15:59:03 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Jan 1996 15:17:52 -0500 
To: usgcrp.list@usgcrp.gov, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: mmaccrac@usgcrp.gov (Mike MacCracken) 
Subject: WAN event 1/23 
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> 
>The Women's Aquatic Network brings together women and men with 
>interests in marine and aquatic policy, research, legislation, 
>and other areas; and promotes the roles of women in these fields. 
> 
>___________________________________________ 
> 
> 
>The Women's Aquatic Network invites you to an evening presentation, 
> 
>SPEAKER: Dr. D. James Baker, Undersecretary of Commerce for Oceans and 
>Atmospheres and Administrator of NOAA 
> 
>TOPIC:  Outlook for Environmental Prediction and Stewardship: 1996 and Beyond 
> 
>Date:   Tuesday, 23 January 1996, 6:30 PM, reception; 7:00 PM, speaker 
> 
>Place:          International City/County Management Association (ICMA), 
>                777 North Capitol Street, NE, 1st floor training room; 
>                nearest metro:  Union Station exit on red line 
> 
>Positive RSVP's & info:  Donna Wieting, 202-482-5916, email 
>dwieting@rdc.noaa.gov 
> 
>DONATION:       $5 WAN members, students, seniors; $7 non-members; 
>                event free to members joining or renewing at the door. 
> 
>______________________________________________________________________ 
>The Women's Aquatic Network invites you to an evening presentation, 
> 
>Dr. Stephen Jameson, President, Coral Seas Inc., and 
>Mr. Ben Mieremet, NOAA, 
>Office of Ocean and Coastal Management 
> 
>TOPIC: "The Development of the Red Sea Marine Peace Park & the Coral Reef 
>Initiative" 
> 
>        Cold Winter Getting You Down?  Join WAN as we hear about a Hot Spot! 
>        Sometimes referred to as the "Red Sea Riviera", Israel & Jordan are 
>establishing a marine peace park with the assistance of U.S. AID and NOAA. 
> 
>        Ben and Steve will narrate a vivid slide presentation on coral reef 
>management, including work currently underway by AID and NOAA in the middle 
>east, as well as the projects of the International Coral Reef Initiative. 
> 
>        The evening will preview the award winning video, "Fragile Ring Of 
>Life," 
>which focuses on 5 areas of coral reef management and concern.  Already 
>translated into 5 languages (and more on the way), it is just being released 
>in the USA. 
> 
>DATE:   February 15, 1996; Reception 6:30 PM; Speakers 7:00 PM 
>PLACE:  World Wildlife Fund, 1250 24th Street, NW, 5th floor conference room; 
>                closest metro stops: Dupont Circle (red line) or Foggy 
>Bottom (blue/ orange 
>line); 
> 
>Positive RSVP's:        Kelly Greene301/713-1373 x110; email: 
>kgreene@smtpgate.ssmc.noaa.gov 
> 
>DONATION:  $5 WAN members, students, seniors; $7 non-members;  event free to 
>members joining or renewing at the door; also receive a special Red Sea Marine 
>Peace Park poster by joining/renewing that night. 
> 
 
Michael C. MacCracken 
Director, Office of the USGCRP 
300 D Street, SW, Suite 840 
Washington DC 20024 
Tel. (202) 651-8240 or 8250 (office secretary) 
Tel. (202) 651-8252 (office and voicemail) 
Fax. (202) 554-6715 or (202) 554-6858 
E-mail: mmaccracken@usgcrp.gov 
USGCRP Home Page: http://www.usgcrp.gov/ 
 
Message for the month: "The pursuit of truth keeps us from the pursuit of 
each other."  James Billington, Librarian of Congress (at least where I saw 
it quoted) 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Jan 21 14:28:31 1996 
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From: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
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Date: Sun, 21 Jan 96 14:10:50 est 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: coral proxies 
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          We got a great response to our request re: coral proxies and 
          instrumented reef sites. Thank you. We'll be in touch 
          shortly with those who responded. 
 
          Anne Cohen and Stan Hart 
          (acohen@whoi.edu) 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Jan 21 18:14:59 1996 
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Date: Sun, 21 Jan 1996 18:08:36 -0500 (EST) 
From: Mellie Lewis <mlewis@umd5.umd.edu> 
X-Sender: mlewis@wolfe.umd.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Students work to save the Aquarius 
Message-ID: <Pine.OSF.3.91.960121173705.12107A-100000@wolfe.umd.edu> 
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Dear Coral Reef Members, 
	My students are embarking on a campaign to save funding for  
the Aquarius.  As part of this year's JASON VII Project, millions of  
students across the county have the opportunity to accompany Dr. Jerry  
Wellington, via telepresence, as he studies the natural cycle of climate  
change over several hundred years.  If funding to the Aquarius project is cut,  
this part of the JASON project, and countless other projects dependent  
upon the Aquarius, may be eliminated. 
	Our plan is to encourage JASON Students, and their parents, to  
write to their congressional delegation in Washington requesting Congress  
not to cut funding for the Aquarius Project.  We are planning on posting  
information about the Aquarius on both the JASON Student and JASON  
Teacher Bulletin Boards.  We need your help!  We need the facts.  We  
would like to generate a list of how the research projects using the  
Aquarius will benefit mankind.  Any information you could e-mail us would  
be greatly appreciated. 
 
Thank you. 
 
Mellie Lewis 
G.T. Resource Teacher 
Atholton Elementary School 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 24 10:07:42 1996 
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09:42:59 -0500 
Date: Wed, 24 Jan 1996 09:42:59 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Pigeon Key Courses 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960124093847.21402E-100000@wave> 
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The following comes originally from the marine biology list-server, but  
may be of use to some of you on the coral-list, since a course is offered  
in coral reef ecology. 
 
------------------------------ 
 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
Date: Tue, 23 Jan 1996 17:29:36 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: marbio: Summer marine biology courses 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory is pleased to announce that we will offer two  
courses in marine biology and ecology at our field station in the  
Florida Keys.  If you are interested in these courses, after reading  
the following announcement, please request an information package  
and application form by sending an e-mail note to  
<fkmrc@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>.  Thank you. 
 
Mike Marshall 
 
  
           1996 Florida Keys Marine Ecology Courses 
                   at Mote Marine Laboratory's  
                Pigeon Key Marine Research Center 
 
                  ----Pigeon Key, Florida---- 
                                 
Florida Bay and Florida Keys Ecosystems 
 May 10 - June 1, 1996 
 3 credits (optional) 
 
Course Description: An introduction to the Florida Keys and Florida Bay.  
Community descriptions and functional inter-relationships of the mangrove 
communities, seagrass beds, coral reefs and their inhabitants will be 
emphasized.  Field trips to Everglades National Park, Biscayne National 
Monument, and numerous other sites will be included in this course.  
Lectures, field trips, and boat cruises will focus on interactions between 
the Everglades, Florida Bay, and the Florida Keys.  Habitat mapping, 
seagrass growth and physiology, plankton ecology, coral reef studies, fish 
ecology, and a variety of other subjects will be covered during the cours 
 
Coral Reef Ecology 
 August 9 - August 23, 1996 
 2 credits (optional) 
 
Course Description: The biological and physical processes responsible for 
coral reefs will be introduced and discussed in detail.  Particular 
emphasis will be placed on integration of concepts ranging from chemical 
to community levels.  Current topics in reef science will be discussed 
based on readings from recent scientific literature.  A series of evening 
presentations, discussions and debates will address reef management issues 
and students will conduct projects to explore areas of interest in more 
detail.  
 
 
Prerequisites (both courses): Students should have had basic courses in 
chemistry and biology.  Courses in botany, zoology, ecology, or geology 
would be helpful 
 
Application Procedures & General 
Information: 
 
An application and summer session brochure should be requested by either 
sending in one of the by writing to the address below, or by sending an 
e-mail request to FKMRC@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us.  
 
All application materials (the filled-in application, transcripts, and a 
letter of recommendation from a recent instructor) must be submitted by 
March 30, 1996 
 
Housing and Meals: Student housing and weekday meals will be provided at 
Pigeon Key.  
 
SCUBA: All SCUBA divers will be requried to furnish evidence of 
certification, furnish and maintain logbooks, and provide medical 
clearance for diving.  Medical clearance forms will be mailed with the 
application package.  Final approval for diving will be dependent on a 
satisfactory checkout dive.  
 
 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center: 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory is an independent, nonprofit marine research 
institution.  We are members of both the National Association of Marine 
Laboratories annd the Southern Association of Marine Laboratories.  We are 
not affiliated with any college or university, although credit 
arrangements through Florida State University may be available for those 
desiring academic credit.  
 
The PKMRC is located on Pigeon Key which is located 2.5 miles west of 
Marathon, Fl .  It is accessible by the last remaining usable section of 
the old seven mile bridge.  Pigeon Key is a National Historic District and 
is the home of the Pigeon Key Foundation.  MML and the PKF are partners in 
the Pigeon Key restoration and preservation project.  More details on MML 
can be obtained through our web page at 
http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us.  
 
 
For more information about these course and MML, please write, fax, or 
e-mail:  
 
Pigeon Key Marine Science Center Courses 
Mote Marine Laboratory 
1600 Ken Thompson Parkway 
Sarasota, Florida 34236 
 
e-mail: FKMRC@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
FAX: 941-388-4312 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 26 08:08:40 1996 
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Date: Fri, 26 Jan 1996 08:00:15 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: International Congress on the Biology of Fishes 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960126075554.15742C-100000@coral> 
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Message herewith forwarded to the coral-list: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 24 Jan 1996 22:13:58 GMT 
From: mackinlayd@mailhost.pac.dfo.ca (Don MacKinlay) 
 
 
This note is to announce that a web page has been established for 
the International Congress on the Biology of Fishes, July 
14-18,1996 in San Francisco, California. This meeting should be of 
interest to your subscribers. Could you please provide a hyperlink 
from your calendar of events page to the Congress' page at:  
 
    http://www.helix.net/~macwat/congress.html 
 
The Congress includes a symposium on the Physiology of Tropical 
Fish, including coral reef fish.  
 
Thank you, 
    Don MacKinlay 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 26 08:08:53 1996 
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Date: Fri, 26 Jan 1996 08:03:56 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Acropora cytherea info request 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960126080024.15742E-100000@coral> 
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Message from Dennis Ahern (DAHERN@ccgate.ueci.com): 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 25 Jan 96 11:21:34 EST 
From: Dennis Ahern <DAHERN@ccgate.ueci.com> 
To: hendee@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV 
Subject: Greetings 
 
       We are researching the ecology of Johnston Atoll in the pacific  
     and are seeking information on Acropora cytherea. 
      
     Any suggestions on where we can find a general good reference for  
     life history,biology, ecology, range, etc. 
      
     Thanks. 
      
     Dennis Ahern 
     Raytheon Environmental Sciences 
     Philadelphia 
      
     dennis_ahern@ccgate.ueci.com 
      
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jan 26 14:45:15 1996 
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Date: Fri, 26 Jan 1996 11:05:55 PST 
From: Donald Potts <potts@biology.ucsc.edu> 
Reply-To: Donald Potts <potts@biology.ucsc.edu> 
Subject: Re: Acropora cytherea info request  
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
X-Warning: UNAuthenticated Sender 
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I suggest you contact the person who probably knows more about Acropora  
than anyone else today: 
  
	Dr. Carden Wallace 
	Director 
	Museum of Tropical Queensland 
	70-84 Flinders St 
	Townsville, Qld 4810 
	Australia		FAX: 61-77-21-2093 
 
 
****************************************************************************** 
*                                                                            * 
*  Donald C. Potts                                                           * 
*    Professor of Biology                                                    * 
*    Director, UCSC Education Abroad Program                                 * 
*                                                                            * 
*    A316 Earth and Marine Sciences Building   Phone: (408) 459-4417         * 
*    University of California                  Fax:   (408) 459-4882         * 
*    Santa Cruz                                Email: potts@biology.ucsc.edu * 
*    California  95064   U.S.A.                                              * 
*                                                                            * 
****************************************************************************** 
 
On Fri, 26 Jan 1996, Coral Health and Monitoring Program wrote: 
 
>  
> Message from Dennis Ahern (DAHERN@ccgate.ueci.com): 
>  
> ---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
> Date: Thu, 25 Jan 96 11:21:34 EST 
> From: Dennis Ahern <DAHERN@ccgate.ueci.com> 
> To: hendee@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV 
> Subject: Greetings 
>  
>        We are researching the ecology of Johnston Atoll in the pacific  
>      and are seeking information on Acropora cytherea. 
>       
>      Any suggestions on where we can find a general good reference for  
>      life history,biology, ecology, range, etc. 
>       
>      Thanks. 
>       
>      Dennis Ahern 
>      Raytheon Environmental Sciences 
>      Philadelphia 
>       
>      dennis_ahern@ccgate.ueci.com 
>       
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 29 14:31:31 1996 
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From: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
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Message-Id: <9600298229.AA822952091@cliff.whoi.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: coral proxies 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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          Jim Hendee suggests I post a summary of the information 
          received in response to our request re: instrumented coral 
          reef. 
          If anyone does not wish their info to be made public, 
          please let me know by the end of this week. 
 
          thanks 
          Anne Cohen 
          acohen@whoi.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jan 29 17:49:14 1996 
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Date: Mon, 29 Jan 1996 17:36:49 -0500 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: nutrient/productivity studies of pristine reefs 
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I am preparing various review papers and am trying to search out  any 
nutrient/productivity (sediment and water column nutrients) work that I 
might have missed from remote pristine coral reef areas.  I am especially 
interested in any nutrient work that may have been done in Palau lagoon and 
forereef areas, and remote areas of the Bahamas.  Incidental nutrient 
measurements are also of interest if they are accompanied by some 
description of collection and analysis conditions.  I would appreciate any 
citations anyone could pass along (reprints would be even better) and/or 
contact information for any work by others that you might know of. 
 
Thank any and all for your help!! 
 
Alina Szmant 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 31 07:15:12 1996 
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Date: Wed, 31 Jan 1996 07:02:58 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Call for Proposals--Earthwatch 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960131070007.2270A-100000@coral> 
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Date:    Tue, 30 Jan 1996 15:50:00 EST 
From:    drobbins <drobbins@earthwatch.org> 
Subject: Call for Proposals from Center for Field Research/Earthwatch 
 
Call for Proposals: The Center for Field Research invites 
proposals for 1997 field grants awarded by its affiliate 
Earthwatch.  Earthwatch is an international non-profit 
organization dedicated to sponsoring research and promoting public 
education in the sciences and humanities.  All funds awarded by 
Earthwatch are derived from the contributions of Earthwatch 
members who pay for the opportunity to join scientists in the 
field and assist with data collection and other research tasks. On 
average, each volunteer contributes $600 - $900 towards the field 
grant and spends 12 to 16 days in the field. Grants range from 
$8,000 - $100,000 depending on the project length and number of 
volunteers involved.  Preliminary proposals for Earthwatch field 
grants should be submitted at least 13 months in advance of 
anticipated field dates. Full proposals are invited upon review of 
preliminary proposals.  
 
Information about Earthwatch field grants is available on The 
Center's World Wide Web site 
(http://gaia.earthwatch.org/www/cfr.html) or you can contact:  
 
Dee Robbins, Life Sciences Program Director, The Center for Field 
Research, 680 Mt. Auburn Street, Watertown, MA 02172.  Telephone: 
(617) 926-8200 o FAX: (617) 926-8532 o e-mail:  
drobbins@earthwatch.org 
 
or 
 
Sean Doolan, Science Officer, Earthwatch Europe, Belsyre Court, 57 
Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6HU, United Kingdom Telephone (865) 311 
600 o FAX (865) 311 383 o email:  ewoxford@vax.oxford.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 31 09:35:09 1996 
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	id AA12959; Wed, 31 Jan 1996 08:27:20 +0600 
Date: Wed, 31 Jan 1996 08:27:19 -0600 (CST) 
From: Jordan Dahlgren Eric <jordan@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: jordan@mar 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Cc: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>, 
        Nancy Knowlton <STRI01.NAOS.KNOWLTON@ic.si.edu>, 
        Hector Guzman <STRI01.NAOS.GUZMANH@ic.si.edu>, 
        Jorge Cortes <jcortes@cariari.ucr.ac.cr> 
Subject: LAST CALL FOR WORKSHOP 
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960131075534.12891A-100000@mar> 
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            TALLER SOBRE MANEJO DE ARRECIFES CORALINOS EN AMERICA LATINA 
 
!!  ULTIMA OPORTUNIDAD !!    (Spanish version) 
 
Ya deberia de estar armado el programa del Taller y esto no ha sido   
posible, porque el numero de proposiciones que nos han hecho llegar es  
aun escaso, para garantizar que sea representativo de la opinion de  
cientificos que trabajan en los arrecifes coralinos de latinoamerica. 
 
En contraste con lo anterior, existe un gran interes en los resultados y  
discusiones de este taller, al grado que los organizadores del Simposio,  
han conseguido la oferta de fondos adicionales para asegurar la  
participacion en este taller. Sin embargo, para poder gestionar esos  
fondos es necesario contar con un programa definido a la brevedad posible. 
 
Independiente de la conveniencia economica que esto puede significar, es  
imperativo que aprovechemos este foro para ganar la mayor experiencia  
posible. LO UNICO QUE NECESITAMOS ES UNA LISTA (en orden de importancia  
decreciente) DE LOS PROBLEMAS RELEVANTES, QUE DESDE UN PUNTO DE VISTA  
FORMAL, TIENE QUE RESOVERSE PARA ASEGURAR UN MANEJO RACIONAL DE LOS  
ARRECIFOS CORALINOS EN TU PAIS. Adicionar un parraf explicando el porque  
de la relevancia local de los problemas indicados y que tema particular  
le gustaria a Ud tratar (o que se tratara) en el Taller. 
 
LA FECHA LIMITE DE RECEPCION ES EL 28 de FEBRERO, 1966. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 31 09:53:50 1996 
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Date: Wed, 31 Jan 1996 08:47:15 -0600 (CST) 
From: Jordan Dahlgren Eric <jordan@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: jordan@mar 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Cc: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>, 
        Nancy Knowlton <STRI01.NAOS.KNOWLTON@ic.si.edu>, 
        Hector Guzman <STRI01.NAOS.GUZMANH@ic.si.edu>, 
        Jorge Cortes <jcortes@cariari.ucr.ac.cr> 
Subject: LAST CALL FOR WORKSHOP 
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	WORKSHOP ON CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT ON LATINAMERICA 
 
!! LAST OPPORTUNITY !! 
 
Dear Colleagues> 
 
By now the final programme of the workshop should have been completed,  
however, this has not been possible due to a reduced number of  
propositions regarding the topics to be discussed at the workshop. This  
information does not guarantee, as of yet, a representative view of the  
problematic in all of Latinamerica. 
 
The interest in this particular workshop is such, that the organizing 
committee of the Symposium has been able to  obtain an offer of  
additional funds to support participants of this particular workshop.  
However, without a final program on time, these funds may not be  
available at all. 
 
WE ONLY NEED A LIST OF THE RELEVANT PROBLEMS, WHICH FROM A FORMAL POINT OF  
VIEW, ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT IN A GIVEN LATINAMERICAN COUNTRY IN ORDER TO  
ACHIEVE PROPER MANAGEMENT OF LOCAL CORAL REEFS. The addition of a small  
paragraph explaining why each topic is relevant, and which one would you  
like to address at the Workshop, will be of great help. 
 
FINAL DATE FOR RECEPTION: February 28th, 1966. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 31 10:12:54 1996 
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Date: Wed, 31 Jan 1996 09:02:16 -0600 (CST) 
From: Jordan Dahlgren Eric <jordan@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: jordan@mar 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Cc: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu>, 
        Nancy Knowlton <STRI01.NAOS.KNOWLTON@ic.si.edu> 
Subject: LAST CALL FOR CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN LATINAMERICA 
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960131084724.12891C-100000@mar> 
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ESTIMADOS COLEGAS> 
 
Tambien puede enviar sus propuestas por FAX a: 
 
			MEXICO (987) 10138 / 10139 
 
DEAR COLLEAGUES: 
 
You can also send your proposals by FAX to us, at: 
 
			MEXICO (987) 10138 / 10139 
 
Saludos, 
 
 
		 Eric Jordan y Jorge Cortez 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jan 31 20:05:01 1996 
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Date: Wed, 31 Jan 1996 14:51:28 -1000 (HST) 
From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Economics  
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.960131145051.52086B-100000@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
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CORAL REEF BIODIVERSITY AND ECONOMICS 
 
The IUCN Biodiversity Program and IUCN Marine and Coastal Program are    
seeking to develop an informal consultative group (or "network") on the    
economics of coral reef biodiversity, especially the economic factors of    
biodiversity loss. 
 
This is part of a wider programme effort undertaken by the Economist of    
the IUCN Biodiversiy Program on understanding and elaborating the    
Economics of Biodiversity Loss.  The marine component of this effort is    
focusing on coral reefs for the present, however there is only limited    
information and few people involved in this field. 
 
We would be pleased to receive expressions of interest from, or reference    
to, individuals who might be able to contribute their expertise to this    
informal group.  Reference to any relevant literature (published, grey,    
or other) related to the economics of marine biodiversity and specific to    
the economics of coral reef diversity would also be very much    
appreciated. 
 
Please contact: 
 Frank Vorhies 
 e-mail: fwv@hq.iucn.ch 
 fax: 41 22 999-0025  
 
Thank you   
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb  4 23:37:00 1996 
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Date: Sun, 4 Feb 1996 23:07:14 -0500 (EST) 
From: Jose PICHARDO <pichardo@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
X-Sender: pichardo@polaris 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: X-ray densitometry 
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	Since Chalker et al. (1985) I have been unable to find any more  
work related to x-ray densitometry of corals. I would appreciate if  
anybody could send me references to any articles dealing with this topic  
post 1985. Also, does anybody know why this method for measuring coral  
skeletal density has not been used in research? Or has it? 
 
 
Jose Carlos Pichardo 
pichardo@polaris.ncs.nova.edu 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  5 09:18:00 1996 
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Date: Mon, 5 Feb 1996 15:52:09 +0200 (IST) 
From: Michael Rozenfeld <roz@post.tau.ac.il> 
To: coral list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: effect of sediment on hard-substrate organisms.Help? 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.91-heb-2.05.960205151134.22209C-100000@zoot.tau.ac.il> 
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To All Coral List Subscribers, 
 
I am a MSc. student at the institute for Nature Conservation  
Reserch,Tel-Aviv University,Israel. I'm writing my thesis on the effect  
of marine sediments on hard-substrate dwellers. I already have lots of  
material on corals, but am severly lacking in material on other types of  
hard-substrate organisms.I would greatly appreciate receiving any and all  
information including reference lists, actual publications and names of  
professionals in the field who could help me out. 
 
I can be reached at                         
        E-mail: roz@zoot.tau.ac.il 
        Snail mail: Institute for Nature Conservation Research 
                             Faculty of Life Sciences 
                                 Tel-Aviv Univesity  
                                       Tel-Aviv 
                                        ISRAEL 
Thank you very much! 
 Micael Rosenfeld            
                      \|/ 
                   ( 0   0 ) 
                       j 
                      ___ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  5 10:13:00 1996 
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Date:     Mon, 5 Feb 1996 09:45 EST 
From: MCGRATTA@scccvc.corning-cc.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject:  Unique fish assemblage. Seeking information. 
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I July, 1995 we were surveying a reef on the Northern end of San Salvador  
Island in the Bahamas when we encountered a close swimming school of about 
30 bue tang surrounding a 1.5 meter reef shark. This assemblage processed 
along the reef for several hundred meters and was seen 10-15 minutes later  
by another team on another part of the reef. We have never seen this  
behavior before or since and are curious about it. One suggestion in 
discussions has been that it may be similar to the mobbing behavior of  
birds in the presence of a predator.  
 
We would really appreciate any insights that you can provide about this. 
 
Tom McGrath 
Bahamian Reef Survey P.I. 
mcgratta@scccvc.corning-cc.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  5 11:36:00 1996 
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Date: Mon, 5 Feb 1996 11:06:37 -0500 
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To: consbio@u.washington.edu, BIODICEN-L@ucjeps.herb.berkeley.edu, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: James Powell <jpowell@btl.net> 
Subject: Belize, Glover's Reef Atoll 
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PLEASE FEEL FREE TO FORWARD OR CROSS POST THE FOLLOWING MESSAGE. 
 
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station  
Belize, Central America  
Wildlife Conservation Society  
P.O. Box 2310  
Belize City, Belize  
Tel: 501-2-33855  
FAX: 501-2--31963  
E-mail: jpowell@btl.net  or jcarter@mailbox.une.edu   
 
Glover's Reef atoll and marine reserve is located approximately 50 km off 
the coast of central Belize. It is considered to be one of the most 
pristine and  important coral reef sites in the Caribbean.  Due to the 
isolation of Glover's Reef atoll,  there is little influence from coastal 
sedimentation or pollution. It is  considered to be one of the most ideal 
sites in the world to conduct coral reef research (Dahl, MacIntyre & 
Antonius. 1974. A  comparative survey of coral reef research sites. In: 
Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.). 
Consequently the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in cooperation with the 
Government of Belize has established a permanent research station at  Middle 
Cay  located on Glover's Reef. WCS along with the Government of Belize would 
like to invite  scientists and  graduate level students who are interested 
in working at Glover's Reef to contact James Powell at  jpowell@btl.net  or 
Jacque Carter at jcarter@mailbox.une.edu for more information.   
 
The marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll  is a major component of a general 
comprehensive program for  coastal zone management for Belize, Central 
America.  In a broad sense the reserve was established to  maintain 
ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, achieve sustainable yields 
of its resources  through wise management of species and their habitats, 
maintain natural areas for education and research  and provide social, and 
economic benefits through ecologically sensitive recreation and tourism. 
Keenly  aware of the need to protect this world class resource, the Wildlife 
Conservation Society (WCS) purchased  the island of Middle Cay, situated at 
the southern end of the atoll, for the purposes of  providing  a marine 
park headquarters for the Government of Belize and to establish a marine 
research field station. WCS has  completed construction of this facility and 
now provides a base of operations for park rangers and scientists  alike.   
 
WCS's over-arching mission is to provide for the long-term conservation and 
protection of Glover's Reef  atoll. To accomplish this goal, WCS is working 
in close collaboration with the government of Belize to  develop a 
coordinated research and management program for the atoll. WCS's primary 
responsibility in this  partnership is scientific research. In the coming 
years, we hope that the research on Glover's Reef atoll will  lead to a 
better understanding and management of this coral reef.  The Comparative 
Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE) program identified 
Glover's Reef as  the most preferred site  in the Caribbean for "long-term, 
multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional investigation of  coral reef 
ecosystems" (Dahl, MacIntyre & Antonius. 1974. A  comparative survey of 
coral reef research  sites. In:  Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll 
Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.). The authors reported,  "In contrast to the 
other reefs surveyed in the Caribbean area, Glover's Reef atoll appears to 
offer the  greatest variety of reef types, and the optimum reef development 
in terms of population density and species  diversity of reef corals and 
associated organisms". In addition to Glover's Reef, Belize's extensive 
barrier  reef is 30 km away.     
 
The WCS research station on Glover's Reef atoll is located on Middle Cay. 
The present facility includes a  ranger station and visitor's centre, a dry 
laboratory and work area, dining and cooking facilities (meals are  provided 
and we have an excellent cook) and current housing for eight scientists 
and/or students. There are  boats, air compressor and SCUBA  tanks for 
researcher support. Aquarium facilities  will soon be installed.  The 
station is completely self-sufficient with full-time electricity (110 vac) 
provided by a complementary system of wind and solar power.  Fresh water is 
available through a (soon to be installed) de-salination plant and 
rain-water catchment.  Refrigeration is available. Toilet facilities are 
state-of-the-art pollution-free, containment composition type.  One aim of 
the station is to utilize, whenever possible, non-polluting and energy 
efficient technology.   
 
WCS invites any scientists or students interested in using the Glover's Reef 
Research Station   to please  contact: Glover's Reef Marine Research 
Station, P.O. Box 2310, Belize City, Belize or  Tel. 501-2-33855 or  fax 
501-2-31963.  E-mail messages can be sent to: jpowell@btl.net or 
jcarter@mailbox.une.edu .  
 
************************************* 
James A. Powell 
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station 
P.O. Box 2310 
Belize City, Belize 
e-mail: jpowell@btl.net 
ph: (501)2-33855 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb  5 16:03:00 1996 
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Date: Tue, 06 Feb 1996 09:37:13 +1300 
From: "Dr.C.L.McLay" <CML@zool.canterbury.ac.nz> 
Subject: Crabs on Corals 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Reply-to: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
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    I work on a group of crabs some of which inhabit hard corals.  
These belong to the primitive family Dynomenidae. They are not unlike  
the xanthid or "black-fingered" crabs but have the last pair of legs  
very reduced and obsolete. Dynomenids tend to be covered in a  
fairly dense layer of setae. There are only about 13 species known and  
they are mostly small: around 10 - 30mm carapace width in size. I am  
writing a monograph of the whole family. 
 
    These crabs mostly belong to the genus "Dynomene" and have been  
collected from "Pocillopora", "Goniastrea", and "Porites" corals. They  
seem to live only in the dead part of the coral head or perhaps in  
the coral rubble at the base. Since I have never seen live ones I  
have a number of questions: 
 
    1) Have you ever seen any crabs like these? - if you have any  
samples I would be happy to identify them for you.  
 
    2) Are there any data from whole-coral head samples of co- 
inhabitants which include these dynomenids?  
 
    3) Has anyone made any observations of live dynomenid crabs? How  
do they feed? Do they sometimes live in the live part of the coral  
head?  
 
    Any help that you can give will be greatly appreciated. 
     
    Thanks, 
     
     
Dr Colin McLay 
Zoology Department 
Canterbury University 
PB 4800, Christchurch 
New Zealand. 
Tel: +64 3 364 2887 
FAX:   +64 3 364 2024 
email: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
WWW Home Page: http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/zool/cm.htm 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  6 04:15:00 1996 
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Date: Tue, 6 Feb 1996 09:39:56 +0300 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: priess@com.univ-mrs.fr (Kathrin PRIESS) 
Subject: RE: X-ray densitometry 
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On Sun 4 Feb Jose Carlos Pichardo wrote : 
Since Chalker et al. (1985) I have been unable to find any more 
work related to x-ray densitometry of corals. I would appreciate if 
anybody could send me references to any articles dealing with this topic 
post 1985. Also, does anybody know why this method for measuring coral 
skeletal density has not been used in research? Or has it? 
 
 
Jose Carlos Pichardo 
pichardo@polaris.ncs.nova.edu 
 
Try the following articles. David  Barnes of the AIMS in Townsville was 
working rather a lot with x-ray densitometry. 
 
Barnes,-D.J.; Lough,-J.M., 1990b. Computer simulations showing the likely 
effects of calix architecture and other factors on retrieval of density 
information from coral skeletons.  J.-EXP.-MAR.-BIOL.-ECOL. 1990. vol. 137, 
no. 2, pp. 141-164. 
Chalker,B.E.; Barnes,D.J., 1990. Gamma densitometry for the measurement of 
skeletal density.  CORAL-REEFS. 1990. vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 11-23. 
Lough,-J.M.; Barnes,-D.J., 1990a. Possible relationships between 
environmental variables and skeletal density in a coral colony from the 
central Great Barrier Reef.  J.-EXP.-MAR.-BIOL.-ECOL. 1990. vol. 134, no. 
3, pp. 221-241. 
Lough,-J.M.; Barnes,-D.J., 1990b. Intra-annual timing of density band 
formation of Porites  coral from the central Great Barrier Reef. 
J.-EXP.-MAR.-BIOL.-ECOL. 1990. vol. 135, no. 1, pp. 35-57. 
Lough,-J.M.; Barnes,-D.J., 1990c. Measurement of density in slices of coral 
skeleton: Effect of densitometer beam diameter.  J.-EXP.-MAR.-BIOL.-ECOL. 
1990. vol. 143, no. 1-2, pp. 91-99. 
Lough,-J.M.; Barnes,-D.J., 1992. Comparisons of skeletal density variations 
in Porites  from the central Great Barrier Reef.  J.-EXP.-MAR.-BIOL.-ECOL. 
1992. vol. 155, no. 1, pp. 1-25. 
 
Hope it helps 
 
 
Kathrin Priess 
Universite de la Mediterranee 
Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille 
Station Marine d'Endoume 
Rue de la Batterie-des-Lions 
F-13007 Marseille 
 
phone : (33) 91 04 16 00 
fax : (33) 91 04 16 35 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  6 07:18:00 1996 
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Date: Mon, 05 Feb 96 16:37:55 EST 
From: "Nancy Daves" <Nancy_Daves@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov> 
Message-Id: <9601058235.AA823567210@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, MCGRATTA@scccvc.corning-cc.edu 
Subject: Re: Unique fish assemblage. Seeking information. 
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          Large schools of blue tangs grazing slowly along the reefs 
          are such a common sight that even shark biologists have 
          witnessed it many times, and we all know that shark 
          biologists seldom get wet.  It is believed to be a way of 
          avoiding being chased by territorial fishes or perhaps an 
          anti predator school.  I am sure that, if you look in books 
          on coral reef fishes, you will find many references to that 
          behavior.  All the best.  Jose Castro. 
 
      
 
 
______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________ 
Subject: Unique fish assemblage. Seeking information. 
Author:  MCGRATTA@scccvc.corning-cc.edu at ~INTERNET 
Date:    2/5/96 10:29 AM 
 
 
I July, 1995 we were surveying a reef on the Northern end of San Salvador  
Island in the Bahamas when we encountered a close swimming school of about 
30 bue tang surrounding a 1.5 meter reef shark. This assemblage processed 
along the reef for several hundred meters and was seen 10-15 minutes later  
by another team on another part of the reef. We have never seen this  
behavior before or since and are curious about it. One suggestion in 
discussions has been that it may be similar to the mobbing behavior of  
birds in the presence of a predator.  
 
We would really appreciate any insights that you can provide about this. 
 
Tom McGrath 
Bahamian Reef Survey P.I. 
mcgratta@scccvc.corning-cc.edu 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  6 10:31:00 1996 
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          Tue, 6 Feb 1996 15:41:08 +0000 
From: Gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de 
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 1996 15:41:07 +0100 (TZ=CET) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: field work requested! 
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To whom it may concern. 
My name is Jenny Krutschinna, I am a 26 years old student of Biology at  
the University of Frankfurt, Germany.  
Over the last three years I took part in several courses on marine biology. 
In october 94 I joined a field trip of Peter Vogel and Bill Kiene to Lee  
Stocking Island, Bahamas. The trip was part of a bioerosion project in  
reef environments. 
Since I would like to continue working in marine (reef-) biology, I am now  
eager to gain more field experience.  
Apart from fossil reefs there is not much of that in Frankfurt so that is  
why I am using the net to ask for volunteer projects.  
If you have vacancies for a volunteer student for some time between 
1.4.-15.7.96 or for a masters project (diplom) later on, please contact me: 
 
e-mail: Gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de 
 
snail mail: Jenny Krutschinna 
            Wurmbachstr.9 
            60487 Frankfurt am Main 
            Germany 
 
I hope to hear from you soon. Thanks, Jenny 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  6 14:08:00 1996 
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From: "J.M.H.NEIGHBOUR" <J.M.H.Neighbour@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date: Tue, 6 Feb 1996 18:48:56 GMT0BST 
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I am currently undertaking a 3rd year dissertation on the effects of  
heavy metals on  corals, in particular in the vicinity of a  
tin smelter effluent in Ko Phuket, Thailand. The  
species I am concerned with is Goniastrea aspera, and I would be 
extremely grateful if you  
could forward any information on either the region(in particular  
historical data of  sediment heavy metal analysis), or on the species itself, 
(reproduction/ heavy metal uptake/growth etc.). 
Any help would be very well appreciated. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb  6 14:10:00 1996 
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Date: Tue, 6 Feb 1996 14:35:13 -0800 (PST) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu, crust-l@vims.edu, 
        fish-ecology@searn.sunet.se 
cc: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: Florida Keys Summer Courses 
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Mote Marine Laboratory is offering two courses, 1)Coral Reef Ecology  
and 2)Florida Keys/Florida Bay Ecosystems, at our Pigeon Key Marine  
Research Center.  Full details and application forms for both  
courses can be obtained from our web site  
<http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us/~marshall/fkmrc2.html> or by  
request from the Pigeon Key Course Coordinator at  
<fkmrc@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>.   
 
Thank you. 
 
Mike Marshall 
 
 
 
     MJM/MARBIO lstowner. 
 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Michael J. Marshall, Ph.D. 
  Mote Marine Laboratory              marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us              
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program     941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 
  1600 Thompson Parkway               http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""                            
Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization     
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb  7 17:50:00 1996 
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Date:         Wed, 07 Feb 96 16:10:06 CST 
From: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
Subject:      coral genetics 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I am looking for information about conducting molecular techniques on 
coral tissue, mtDNA analysis in particular.  If anyone is willing and able 
to devulge some info on the topic (protocols, primers, contamination by 
algal DNA, etc.), it would be greatly appreciated. 
 
Thank you in advance... 
 
Tonya Snell 
 
Louisiana State University 
Baton Rouge 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 05:20:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 8 Feb 1996 05:02:26 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Bleaching Seminar 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960208050040.15433C-100000@coral> 
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  U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
 
     CORAL REEF BLEACHING:  ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS 
 
 
What is coral reef bleaching?  What are its causes?  Where is it 
occurring and how long has this phenomenon been observed?  When was 
coral reef bleaching first observed?  What are the economic, 
ecological, and societal implications of coral reef bleaching?  Can 
bleaching be remedied?  What's being done?  
 
                                                             Public 
Invited 
 
                                     TUESDAY, February 13, 1996, 
					3:15-4:45 P= M 
                                     Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369 
                                     Reception Following 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Rafe Pomerance, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Environment and 
Development, US Department of State, Washington, DC.  
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Raymond L. Hayes, Howard University, Washington, DC.  
 
Dr. Alan E. Strong, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and 
Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, Annapolis, MD.  
 
OVERVIEW 
 
Coral reef bleaching is a reduction in the density of dinoflagellate 
algae (marine microscopic plants) that are housed in reef ecosystems.  
Bleaching also represents a reduction in algal pigments, rendering 
reef corals bleached or white in appearance.  Consequently, coral 
reef bleaching represents an uncoupling of the mutually 
life-sustaining association between algae and coral.  Corals do not 
receive their normal nutritive support from the algae, and the algae 
do not receive the protective nutritive environment afforded by the 
corals.  
 
Coral reef bleaching was first observed in the early 1980's.  Since 
that time reef ecosystems in all tropical regions of the globe have 
experienced repetitive and more frequent episodes of mass coral reef 
bleaching. Although elevated salinity, toxic chemicals, elevated UV 
radiation, reduced temperatures, and prolonged shading due to cloud 
cover have been demonstrated to induce coral reef bleaching locally, 
there is no evidence of these factors being responsible for mass 
coral reef bleaching episodes. Observations also indicate that mass 
coral reef bleaching has coincided in space and time with the warmest 
season and with warmer than usual sea surface temperatures (generally 
in excess of an approximate temperature threshold of 30=9A C).  
Thermal anomalies of 1=9A C or more above the maximu= m warm water 
seasonal averages are significantly correlated with the rapid onset 
and duration of mass coral reef bleaching episodes.  As elevated sea 
surface temperatures gradually fall, reefs may either recover 
gradually or succumb entirely to the stress.  If bleaching persists, 
there is no net reef building and the reef frame gradually erodes, 
which can result in habitat destruction and mortality.  
 
Satellite data confirm that elevated sea surface temperatures have 
been associated with widespread coral reef bleaching in the western 
Caribbean and in the Gulf of Mexico.  An analysis of the 
satellite-derived sea surface temperatures show that the summer of 
1995 was the warmest since 1984 (when reliable records were first 
obtained) for Belizian Reefs and for the entire Caribbean Basin. 
Belize represents the Western Hemisphere's longest and most pristine 
barrier reef, and massive coral reef bleaching broke out for the 
first time in Belize in September, 1995.  
 
Prolonged coral reef bleaching can alter the relative abundance of 
reef organisms and, in so doing, alter the biodiversity of the reef 
communities. The physical reef structures can also suffer gradual 
physical losses and/or be covered by algae, thus leading to light and 
oxygen starvation, and changes in pH in the surrounding water column.  
As reef ecosystems change in composition, a new community equilibrium 
may appear, while some medically important members of former reef 
communities may disappear.  Loss of physical reef habitat for young 
fish may also lead to a reduction in reef fish and, in turn, a 
decline in economically important open ocean fish stocks.  
 
                                   Biography of Dr. Raymond L. Hayes 
 
Dr. Raymond L. Hayes is currently Assistant Dean for Medical 
Education, and Professor of Anatomy, at Howard University in 
Washington, DC.  Dr. Hayes formerly served as Chair in the Department 
of Anatomy at Howard University and at the University of Pittsburgh.  
He has also held academic appointments in the Department of Anatomy 
at Harvard Medical School, the Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology 
at the University of Pittsburgh, and in the Department of Anatomy at 
Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia.  His research 
interests include the biology of coral reefs and reef ecosystems, 
reef ecosystems and climate change, and human health and climate 
change.  Dr. Hayes has served as a member of the National Advisory 
Council of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 
and as Acting Director of the MacLean Marine Science Center at the 
University of the Virgin Islands in St. Thomas, and currently serves 
as a Corporation Member of the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods 
Hole, MA.  He also serves as Vice President and Executive Board 
Member of the Association of Marine Laboratories of the Caribbean, 
and as a member of the Board of Directors for the Marine 
Archeological and Historical Society in Washington, DC.  In 1994 Dr. 
Hayes received the Distinguished Service Award from Howard 
University.  He received his BS degree from Amherst College, MA, and 
his MS and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Michigan at Ann 
Arbor.  
 
                                   Biography of Dr. Alan E. Strong 
 
Dr. Alan E. Strong has been Research Physical Scientist at the 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Environmental 
Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) since 1991.  Prior 
to that he served at NESDIS's Office of Research and Applications 
Oceanic Sciences Branch, using satellite data to address 
oceanographic problems.  In 1986 Dr. Strong was assigned to serve as 
Chair of Remote Sensing in the Oceanography Department of the US 
Naval Academy in Annapolis, MD.  In 1991 Dr. Strong was also 
appointed Project Manager of NOAA's Cooperative Project in Oceanic 
Remote Sensing (CPORS) with the US Naval Academy.  His research 
interests include: satellite monitoring of sea surface temperature, 
wind speed, and ocean color; monitoring volcanic aerosols; using 
satellite data to investigate coral bleaching and sea surface 
temperature changes; monitoring sea surface temperature trends; using 
satellite data to study global change and El Nino phenomena; and the 
application of satellite data to study other important environmental 
issues.  For the past three years he has also been involved in 
teaching global climate change at the US Naval Academy.  Dr. Strong 
received his BA degree in mathematics at Kalamazoo College, MI, and 
his MS and Ph.D. degrees in Oceanography at the University of 
Michigan.  
 
 
                                 NEXT SEMINAR: Monday, March 11,1996 
 
    Extent & Implications of Land Cover Changes: The View from Space 
 
 
 
for more information please contact: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program 
(USGCRP) and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page 
at: http://www.usgcrp.gov.  Normally these seminars are held on the 
second Monday of each month.  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 07:28:00 1996 
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From: Maria Joao Rodrigues <mjoao@rodrig.uem.mz> 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date:          Thu, 8 Feb 1996 13:10:35 gmt+0200 
MIME-Version:  1.0 
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Dear All, 
 
Does anybody know the e-mail contact of one of the following  
scientists: 
 
Vicki J. Harriot 
Peter L. Harrison 
Simon A. Banks 
 
If you do, pls contact me. Thanks in advance. 
 
All the best for 1996, 
 
Maria Joao Rodrigues 
 
-- 
MJoao 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 13:40:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 8 Feb 1996 13:13:16 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Daily C-MAN data via e-mail 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960208125229.16714A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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Greetings, 
 
	We now have the capability of automated sending of daily Florida 
Institute of Oceanography enhanced, and other, Coastal-Marine Automated 
Network (C-MAN) bulletins of stations listed on our Home Page at 
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/cman/cman_menu.html.  They will be sent every 
morning around 0430 hrs EST.  Please note that these are NOT quality 
controlled data, rather, near real-time raw data.  These data are presented 
only for investigational and informational purposes and should not be used 
for navigation or other means.  
 
	If you'd like to begin receiving these data via e-mail, please let me 
know.  
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 13:41:00 1996 
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Date:         Thu, 08 Feb 96 11:49:35 CST 
From: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
Subject:      coral genetics 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I am trying to get in touch with Sandra Romano.  I believe that she 
worked at the University of Hawaii.  If anyone has any info (or if you 
are reading this Sandra) please let me know. 
 
Thank you so much!! 
 
Tonya Snell 
 
Louisiana State University 
Baton Rouge 
tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 14:00:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 8 Feb 1996 13:38:45 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: C-MAN Stations listed 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960208133419.16838A-100000@coral> 
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Sorry, for those of you who do not have access to the Web, following are  
the C-MAN stations for which we have reports and can send via  
automated e-mail every morning about 0500 hrs (a correction) Eastern Time: 
 
 
-- Florida Keys -- 
 
MLRF1 = Molasses Reef           25.01 N, 80.38 W 
SMKF1 = Sombrero Reef           24.63 N, 81.11 W 
SANF1 = Sand Key Reef           24.45 N, 81.88 W 
FWYF1 = Fowey Rocks Reef        25.59 N, 80.10 W 
LONF1 = Long Key Station        24.84 N, 80.86 W 
DRYF1 = Dry Tortugas Station    24.38 N, 82.52 W 
 
 
-- Bahamas -- 
 
SP6F1 = Settlement Point, GBI   26.69 N, 79.00 W 
 
 
-- Micronesia -- 
 
ENIP2 = Eniwetok, Micronesia        11.37 N, 162.35 E 
KOSP2 = Kosrea, Micronesia           5.12 N, 163.00 E 
MLIP2 = Mili, Micronesia             6.00 N, 172.00 E 
ULUP2 = Ulithi Atoll, Micronesia    10.20 N, 139.80 E 
 
 
-- Gulf of Mexico -- 
 
PTAT2 = Horace Falwell Pier (Port Aransas, TX)   27.83 N, 97.05 W 
SRST2 = Sea Rim State Park (Sabine, TX)          29.67 N, 94.05 W 
GDIL1 = USCG Station (Grand Isle, LA)            29.27 N, 89.96 W 
DPIA1 = Mobile Bay Entrance (Dauphin Island, AL) 30.25 N, 88.08 W 
CSBF1 = Elgin AFB Site D-3 (Cape San Blas, FL)   29.67 N, 85.36 W 
VENF1 = Venice Pier (Venice, FL)                 27.07 N, 82.45 W 
BURL1 = Southwest Pass, LA                       28.90 N, 89.43 W 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 14:33:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 8 Feb 1996 13:59:03 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Who is on the coral-list 
In-Reply-To: <960208.115628.CST.TSNELL@LSUVM.SNCC.LSU.EDU> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960208135603.2633C-100000@wave> 
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Dear Tonya, 
 
You can find out who is on the coral-list by sending the following message 
(only) in the body of a message to majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov: 
 
	who coral-list 
 
For a list of other commands, substitute that message with: 
 
	help 
 
Hope this helps. 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
On Thu, 8 Feb 1996, Tonya wrote: 
 
> Date: Thu, 08 Feb 96 11:49:35 CST 
> From: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
> Subject: coral genetics 
>  
> I am trying to get in touch with Sandra Romano.  I believe that she 
> worked at the University of Hawaii.  If anyone has any info (or if you 
> are reading this Sandra) please let me know. 
>  
> Thank you so much!! 
>  
> Tonya Snell 
>  
> Louisiana State University 
> Baton Rouge 
> tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 16:43:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 8 Feb 1996 16:08:32 -0500 (EST) 
From: Ellen L Goedecke <elg6@columbia.edu> 
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	I am working on my senior thesis, and I need to find up-to-date  
info on the health of reefs in Florida and Hawaii.  If anyone has this  
kind of data available, or knows where I can get it, please Please PLEASE  
e-mail me as soon as you get a chance.  Thank you very much! 
				Lori Goedecke 
 
P.S.  My thesis is on the efficacy of US coral reef protection laws. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb  8 22:38:00 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: umkaletz@umanitoba.ca (Greg Kaletzke) 
Subject: Need Help Finding Data 
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Hi. 
 
I am a graduate student in geography at the University of Manitoba in 
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 
 
I have a great interest in the preservation of coral ecosystems, and am 
currently working on a project involving the identification of endangered 
reefs. The model I propose will deal with the detection of terrestrial 
pollution such as effluent and/or toxic discharge. Belsher, et al   (1992) 
have suggested the use of the satellite monitoring of Benthic algae as an 
indicator of possible or existing pollution.  In their study Belsher, et al 
make use of SPOT satellite images taken of the lagoon of Moorea island in 
French Polynesia. Computer assisted interpretation of these images allowed 
for the creation of a map of the Benthic organisms in this area. 
 
I would like my model to demonstrate that an introduction of pollution or 
an increase in pollution to coral intolerant levels will cause the death of 
coral populations and a notable increase in levels of Benthic Algae. 
 
One of my problems is a lack of data. Winnipeg, if you don't already know, 
is a city that is nearly in the center of the continent - making data on 
coral reefs slightly difficult to come by. 
 
I am hoping that you would be able to provide me with some data, or 
suggestions as to where I might find some. I would also appreciate any and 
all suggestions you may have regarding the topic. 
 
I would be more than happy to provide you with a copy of my work if you 
were able to help me or were interested. 
 
Thank you in advance. 
 
Yours truly, 
 
Greg Kaletzke 
 
 
 
Belsher, T. with                       (1992)Contribution  of SPOT 
satellite data  to the knowledge of 
M.L. Meinesz, C. Payri,            coral reef ecosystems. The marine 
vegetation of Moorea Island (French 
H. Ben-Moussa                          Polynesia).  Remote Sensing and 
Insular Environments in the Pacific: 
                                                Integrated Approaches. Pix' 
Iles 90. pp. 537-546. 
 
 
"When a true genius appears in the world, you may know him by this sign, 
that the dunces are all in confederacy against him." 
                                        - Jonathan Swift 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  9 17:15:00 1996 
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Date: Fri, 9 Feb 1996 16:22:16 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Positions Avail (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960209162127.19463A-100000@coral> 
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[ forarded message... ] 
 
Postdoctoral Research Associate 
Marine Biology/Coral Specialist 
Biosphere 2 Center for Research and Education 
of Columbia University 
 
A postdoctoral position is available immediately at Biosphere 2 Research and  
Education Center of Columbia University (Oracle, AZ), for research on the  
marine environment, with an emphasis on the coral reef organisms. Duties may  
include the following: act as research coordinator for the ocean biome of  
Biosphere 2, oversee the marine maintenance systems management, monitor  
research activities of  the ocean, work with other departments to further  
develop the Biosphere 2 ocean complex and analogs.. Experience in marine  
systems research and management preferrred. 
 
MINIMUM QUALIFICATIONS: 1) Ph.D. in some aspect of marine ecology or related  
discipline  2) Diving certification 
 
Send curriculum vitae, reprints and names of three references to:   Human  
Resources Managwer, Biosphere 2 Center, Inc., PO Box 689, Oracle, AZ  85623.  
 An Equal Opportunity Employer. 
 
 ---------------------------------------------- 
Marine Technical Assistant 
Biosphere 2 Center for Research and Education 
of Columbia University 
 
 
A position is available immediately at Biosphere 2 Research and Education  
Center of Columbia University (Oracle, Arizona) for a biologist interested  
in working with the 3.5 million liter coral reef mesocosm housed inside the  
3 acre Biosphere 2 apparatus.  The successful applicant will work with  
research scientists from Biosphere 2 Center and Columbia University+s Lamont  
Doherty Earth Observatory.  Research into coral physiology and  
biogeochemical signals in the water column are some of the projects  
researchers will be working on. Duties may include scuba diving for  
biological surveys, species management, system maintenance, water chemistry  
analysis, daily support system maintenance, and data collection. 
 
MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS:  BS in Marine Biology or relevant field, basic  
knowledge of marine sciences, SCUBA certification, scientific diving  
experience, computer literacy. 
 
Send curriculum vitae, reprints and names of three references to:   Human  
Resources Managwer, Biosphere 2 Center, Inc., PO Box 689, Oracle, AZ  85623.  
 An Equal Opportunity Employer. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb  9 18:11:00 1996 
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Date: Fri, 9 Feb 1996 14:42:16 -0800 (PST) 
From: Jay Scott Grenfell <yajleft@uclink2.berkeley.edu> 
Reply-To: Jay Scott Grenfell <yajleft@uclink2.berkeley.edu> 
Subject: OCEAN Initiative research 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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The Ocean Conservation and Environmental Action Network (OCEAN  
Initiative), at the University of California, Berkeley is currently  
conducting research on threatened coral reefs worldwide with a focus on  
the Caribbean.  We are most interested in direct threats to coral reef  
ecosystems such as destructive fishing methods, dive related damage,etc. 
We are also interested in restoration efforts and progams to minimize damage. 
 
We hope to map threatend reefs in the Caribbean, classifying the  
different problems in different regions.   
 
Any information regarding the above mentioned threats or any others can  
be sent to either ocean-initiative@uclink.berkeley.edu or to 
yajleft@uclink2.berkely.edu. 
 
This information or any contact will be of great value and will be  
appreciated. 
 
Thank you, 
 
Jay Grenfell 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 10 20:38:00 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: bobjoh@ice.net.au (Bob Johannes) 
Subject: cyanide/live reef food fish trade  
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Summary of Report entitled: Environmental, Economic and Social Implications 
of the Fishery for Live Coral Reef Food Fish in Asia and the Western 
Pacific, 
by Robert E. Johannes and Michael Riepen 
 
Summarized below is a recently released 33,000 word report on the 
environmentally devastating but not widely known live reef food fish trade 
that is spreading for thousands of miles from its center in Southeast Asia. 
The report is based on an investigation which took the authors to nine 
countries in the region and involved interviews with several hundred 
individuals, including fishermen, divers, dive tour operators, social and 
biological researchers, members of national and international NGOs, live 
reef food fish exporters and importers, government officials, aquaculture 
experts, fish farmers and village leaders. 
 
Copies of the full report can be obtained from Carol Fox of The Nature 
Conservancy in Honolulu, fax number 1 808 545 2019 - email cfox@tnc.org. 
For more information contact Bob Johannes 8 Tyndall Court, Bonnet Hill, 
Tasmania 7053, Australia  Phone 002  298 064  -  Fax 002 298 066 - Email 
bobjoh@ice.net.au 
 
                                *********************** 
 
                                Summary of the Summary 
 
A billion dollar restaurant trade in live reef fish has grown up o over the 
past decade in Hong Kong, China, Singapore, Taiwan, and other Chinese 
population centers.  To stun and capture reef fish for this market, 
hundreds of tons of sodium cyanide are being pumped annually into the coral 
reefs of Southeast Asia, degrading the most species-rich marine communities 
in the world.  In addition, intensive hook and line fishing to supply this 
market has completely eliminated some grouper spawning aggregations in the 
region. The Philippines and Indonesia are being rapidly depleted of target 
species.  In consequence, and because of escalating demand for live reef 
fish in China, these fishing practices are spreading into the Western 
Pacific Islands to the east and the Indian Ocean to the west.  Fishing 
companies involved in the trade are especially optimistic about prospects 
in Papua New Guinea. The trade is destructive not only to the marine 
environment, but also to the economies and the social fabric of coastal 
fishing communities in the region. It is also resulting in the death or 
paralysis of many untrained divers, due to the bends. Despite the appalling 
destruction being caused by this industry, it could be put on an 
environmentally and economically sustainable basis. We propose a series of 
actions to bring this about. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 12 13:26:00 1996 
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Message-Id: <199602121737.MAA10991@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
From: Maria Joao Rodrigues <mjoao@rodrig.uem.mz> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date:          Mon, 12 Feb 1996 19:24:53 gmt+0200 
MIME-Version:  1.0 
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Subject:       generic diversity 
Priority: normal 
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Dear All, 
 
I'm looking for literature about generic diversity (on corals). 
Can anybody help me??? 
 
I'll be looking foward for any response. 
 
Best Wishes, 
 
Maria Joao Rodrigues 
5th year Student 
at the Universidade Eduardo Mondlane  
Department of Biological Sciences 
Biology Course 
 
Maputo-Mozambique 
-- 
MJoao 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 12 15:18:43 1996 
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Date: Mon, 12 Feb 1996 13:16:32 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: generic diversity - Reply 
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Brian Rosen,  British Museum of Natural History, Geology Dept.  and Charlie 
Vernob, Australian Institute of Marine Science  (Townsville) published several 
articles on diversity of corals in the Indo Pacific..    
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 13 07:07:16 1996 
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From: jodlauk@stud.uni-frankfurt.de 
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          Tue, 13 Feb 1996 12:34:46 +0000 
Date: Tue, 13 Feb 1996 12:34:45 +0100 (TZ=CET) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: volunteer project or PHd 
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.960213120622.60065A-100000@buff_f.rz.uni-frankfurt.de> 
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To whom it may concern, 
my name is Ulrike Rothenb=E4cher and Iam a 27 years old biologist from the= 
=20 
University of Frankfurt, Germany. I just finished my study with a master=20 
project (diplom). My speciality is Zoology and I studied Marine Biology =20 
and Marine Zoology about one year at the University of La Laguna=20 
(Tenerife,Spain). Iam a VDTL-diver (German diving licence) and I have=20 
joined diving trips to several places. Apart from my studies at the=20 
University Iam now eager to gain more field experience in marine biology=20 
and I would like to continue with a dissertation (PHd) later on. If you=20 
have vacancies for a volunteer or projects to collaborate for some time=20 
please contact me. Iam looking forward to hear from you. 
 
Al ser posible me intersaria mucho asistir o colaborar en un proyecto de=20 
biologia marina (zoologia) del campo para obtener mas experiencia y=20 
practica. Como desde Frankfurt es bastante dificil enterarse de las=20 
posibilidades que hay seria muy amable si Usted me mandara informaciones=20 
a la siguiente direccion 
Ulrike Rothenb=E4cher 
Saalgasse 17 
60311 Frankfurt 
Germany 
e-mail: jodlauk@stud.uni-frankfurt.de 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 13 09:11:38 1996 
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From: FKMRC@aol.com 
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Date: Tue, 13 Feb 1996 08:30:15 -0500 
Message-ID: <960213083014_320686232@mail06.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: research at Pigeon Key 
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To all interested parties, 
 
As you may have heard, Pigeon Key is undergoing extensive renovations to its 
historic railroad-era buildings. The old lab building (Section Gang Quarters) 
has been completed and is available as a teaching and meeting facility. 
Several other buildings, including the dormitory, have recently received 
funding and work will commence shortly. 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory has established the Pigeon Key Marine Research Center 
(PKMRC) on the island to support research and college/graduate education. A 
wet lab with seawater system will be operational within a few weeks and boats 
will be available. 
 
The PKMRC also has a historic structure, the Bridge Foreman's House (the old 
"dock" house) that will serve as a dry lab. Although it now contains an 
office and some very basic bench space, it is in need of complete renovation. 
The plans call for a National Register quality restoration (Pigeon Key is a 
National Historic District) but with modern laboratories within. An  NSF 
Facilities Grantis being submitted to request funding to assist with the 
renovations. I am seeking expressions of interest from researchers who would 
consider using the PKMRC, particularly those that would need dry lab space.  
 
Please plan to stop by if any of you are in the Keys and see all that has 
been done (and needs to be done!). For those of you not familiar with Pigeon 
Key, check our Web page at: 
 
          http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us/~marshall/fkmrc2.html  
 
Thanks! 
 
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director                 Phone: (305) 289-4282 
Mote Marine Laboratory                          FAX:   (305) 289-9664 
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center        email: FKMRC@aol.com 
P.O. Box 500895 
Marathon, FL   33050 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 13 11:28:55 1996 
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 13 Feb 1996 09:42:20 -0500 (CDT) 
Date: Tue, 13 Feb 1996 09:42:20 -0500 (CDT) 
From: David Kesler <KESLER@rhodes.edu> 
Subject: Reefs as Source or Sink of CO2 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I am teaching a course, "Coral Reef Ecology", and we will be discussing Kayanne  
et al.'s 1995 Science article, "Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of  
carbon dioxide in coral reef water".  Are you aware of any responses to their  
article or more recent work dealing with this topic? 
 
Thank you in advance for your time.  (I'm new to this listserver and apologize  
if this question is redundant.) 
 
David Kesler, Ph.D. 
Rhodes College 
2000 N. Parkway 
Memphis, TN 38112 
(901) 726-3557 - phone 
(901) 726-3565 - fax 
KESLER@RHODES.EDU 
http://kesler.biology.rhodes.edu/default.html 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 14 04:32:50 1996 
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 10:01:16 +0100 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: gattuso@hermes.unice.fr (Jean-Pierre Gattuso) 
Subject: RE:Reefs as Source or Sink of CO2 
CC: <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu> 
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>I am teaching a course, "Coral Reef Ecology", and we will be discussing 
>Kayanne 
>et al.'s 1995 Science article, "Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of 
>carbon dioxide in coral reef water".  Are you aware of any responses to their 
>article or more recent work dealing with this topic? 
 
>Thank you in advance for your time.  (I'm new to this listserver and apologize 
>if this question is redundant.) 
 
Two technical comments are in press in Science (due to be published 
sometime in February). The authors are: 
 
        - Buddemeier R. W. 
          [contact: bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu] 
 
        - Gattuso J.-P., Frankignoulle M., Smith S. V., Ware J. & Wollast R. 
          [contact: gattuso@naxos.unice.fr] 
 
Hope this helps. 
JPG 
 
 
 
   +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ 
   |       Jean-Pierre Gattuso - Observatoire Oceanologique Europeen       | 
   +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ 
   | VOICE: (+33) 92167982 (direct)| SNAIL : Observatoire Oceanologique    | 
   |      : (+33) 93153600 (switch)|         Europeen, Avenue Saint-Martin | 
   | FAX  : (+33) 93505297         |         MC-98000 Monaco               | 
   +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ 
   | E-MAIL:             GATTUSO@NAXOS.UNICE.FR                            | 
   +-------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 15 02:38:28 1996 
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Date: Wed, 14 Feb 1996 23:11:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com> 
Subject: Re: Reefs as Source or Sink of CO2 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
In-Reply-To: <01I15S0AFOE6001VNO@rhodes.edu> 
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On Tue, 13 Feb 1996, David Kesler wrote: 
 
> I am teaching a course, "Coral Reef Ecology", and we will be discussing Kayanne  
> et al.'s 1995 Science article, "Diurnal changes in the partial pressure of  
> carbon dioxide in coral reef water".  Are you aware of any responses to their  
> article or more recent work dealing with this topic? 
 
I'll defer to the judgement of others, as I know that some of the  
individuals sending technical comments are also on the list and may  
respond here as well, but what struck me about the article was that the  
body of water which was isolated seemed to have many things growing in  
it besides corals.  I remember seeing extensive areas of seagrass and  
other "green" things in the water in the diagrams of the area. 
 
So, my gut reaction to the article was that the "unexpected" results  
reported might have a lot more to do with the CO2 demand from the  
seagrass and other photosynthetic organisms than some problem with the  
orthodox view that the act of producing calcium carbonate from a solution  
in which the alkalinity is mainly in the form of bicarbonate produces  
carbon dioxide in addition to calcium carbonate.  Or that coral can be net  
producers of carbon dioxide during the day when the rate of calcification  
overtakes the photosynthetic carbon dioxide demand. 
 
It is sort of difficult to work one's way around these equations: 
 
(1)	Ca++ + 2(HCO3-) --> CaCO3 + H2O + CO2 
(2)	Ca++ + CO3--    --> CaCO3 
 
Since the bulk of the alkalinity in seawater is in the form of HCO3-  
ions, what you get is mainly equation 1), with some of equation 2). 
 
The body of water surveyed was also fairly northern and it is not clear  
that the species of corals contained were among the more rapidly calcifying  
types. 
 
I'm sure others will have other things to say.  ;) 
 
Craig Bingman 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 15 07:40:15 1996 
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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 07:14:48 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Important notes: C-MAN data 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960215070107.29296B-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
Doug Scally of NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has offered important 
notes, listed here (with minor editing), regarding our posting of 
Coastal-Marine Automated Network data:  
 
 
a.  FWYF1 (Fowey Rocks), SMKF1 (Sombrero Reef), MLRF1 (Molasses Reef) and 
DRYF1 (Dry Tortugas) are presently operated and maintained by NDBC for MET 
measurements (under programmatic and financial support from NWS [National 
Weather Service].) However, FIO (Florida Institute of Oceanography) maintains 
and operates all oceanographic sensors.  
 
b.  SANF1 (Sand Key) and LONF1 (Long Key) operate temporarily under the same 
division of responsibility, but are both scheduled for removal this year (as 
financial support, formerly through FIO, is no longer available.) 
 
c.  Wind speed and direction are 2-minute averages (minutes 58 to 00 each 
hour); wind gust is the highest 5-second running average measured during the 
2-minute observation.  The SeaKeys stations also report "continuous wind 
measurements" each hour.  These consist of 6 10-minute averages and the peak 
gust during the previous hour. 
 
d.  You may wish to substitute "Celsius" (equivalent to 
Centigrade) as the now preferred term for metric temperatures. 
 
e. There are now 10 Micronesian C-MAN stations but not all are presently 
releasing data through GOES. 
 
f. More detailed information on the stations and met measurements are 
available on our SeaBoard Home Page  
(http://seaboard.ndbc.noaa.gov/ndbc.html).  
 
----------------------------------- 
For further information, contact: 
 
Douglas Scally, NDBC 
phone: 601/688-1719 
e-mail: dscally@ndbc.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 15 17:05:15 1996 
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	id AA18136; Thu, 15 Feb 1996 15:23:08 -0600 
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 15:23:08 -0600 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: nskrenes@kusd.kusd.edu (Neal Skrenes) 
Subject: Health rating of Fl. Keys Reef 
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This months Rodale's had a "reader survey" that listed the condition of the 
reef scoring a 3.8 out of possible 5. How many of you agree with this 
rating? 
I know about 
Algae Blooms in the summer? 
Few< sea urchins=algae taking over 
Bleaching 
no small mollusks, crustaceans or fish except parrot fish. 
lots of nurse sharks and 'cuda 
Are these the signs of a healthy reef? 
 
I feel that the reef is not in good health, and I question if it is not 
misleading or irresponsible for a diving publication to allow uninformed 
divers to think otherwise. 
 
What do you think?? 
 
[:-}< 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 15 21:32:38 1996 
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          id AA08788; Thu, 15 Feb 1996 19:18:41 -0600 
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 19:18:40 -0600 (CST) 
From: Hector Reyes Bonilla <hreyes@calafia.uabcs.mx> 
To: Neal Skrenes <nskrenes@kusd.kusd.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Health rating of Fl. Keys Reef 
In-Reply-To: <v01510101ad48fe474c26@[192.25.139.231]> 
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	About the problem of the diving magazines writing things that are  
not precisely  true, the same happened for years when they refered  
to Cabo Pulmo reef, at the Gulf of California. Even "Skin diver", the  
foremost authority (or so they say) said in the 70'\s and 80's that Pulmo  
was a protected area; it was not. Why they don't bother in asking the  
right people about it, instead of just "write what they see"? Now,  
could that be a problem when other people (decision -makers) read about  
it? Saludos, banda. 
	H./ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 15 23:34:33 1996 
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-0500 (EST) 
Date: Thu, 15 Feb 1996 23:16:53 -0500 (EST) 
From: Nicole  Dettmann <nd71@columbia.edu> 
X-Sender: nd71@labdien.cc.columbia.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Looking for information 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960215230229.12609A@labdien.cc.columbia.edu> 
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To all interested parties: 
 
	I am an undergraduate student in Environmental Science at Barnard  
College of Columbia University. I have a great interest in the preservation of  
coral reefs and am currently writing my thesis on Mexican environmental  
law and protection schemes.  I am taking an in depth look and the content  
and efficacy of environmental law and its affect on  coral reefs in  
Mexico. 
	I am very interested in the recent development project at Paradise  
Reef on the Caribbean coastal island of Cozumel.  A new cruise ship  
dock/pier  is being built and threatens to destroy a major part of   
Paradise Reef. This is an interesting example of how Environmental law in Mexico 
 is not being enforced.  Any information, contacts or sugesstions pertaining to my  
thesis (especially the new pier development) would be greatly appreciated. 
 
Thank you in advance. 
 
 
 
Nicole L. Dettmann 
Box 142 McIntosh 
3001 Broadway 
New York, New York 
U.S.A. 
 
Telephone: (212) 853-5921 
e-mail : nd71@columbia.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 16 10:26:23 1996 
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From: Michele_Dastin_at_~NMFS-1@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov 
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	id AA824489038; Fri, 16 Feb 96 08:37:09 EST 
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 96 08:37:09 EST 
Message-Id: <9601168244.AA824489038@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov> 
To: Jay Scott Grenfell <yajleft@uclink2.berkeley.edu>, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: OCEAN Initiative research 
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          A very basic document that you might find interesting is the 
          State of the Reefs.  Call ICRI Secretariat at 202-736-7113. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 16 10:43:38 1996 
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 16 Feb 1996 07:34:45 -0500 (CDT) 
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 07:34:45 -0500 (CDT) 
From: David Kesler <KESLER@rhodes.edu> 
Subject: Source of coral for teaching? 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-id: <01I19UF5L8AQ000ZHC@rhodes.edu> 
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Can you suggest a source of non-living coral (corallums) for teaching coral  
taxonomy? 
 
David Kesler, Ph.D. 
Rhodes College 
2000 N. Parkway 
Memphis, TN 38112 
(901) 726-3557 - phone 
(901) 726-3565 - fax 
KESLER@RHODES.EDU 
http://kesler.biology.rhodes.edu/default.html 
   
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 16 10:46:26 1996 
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From: Gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de 
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          id <25778-0@amalia.rz.uni-frankfurt.de>; 
          Fri, 16 Feb 1996 16:20:41 +0000 
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 16:20:38 +0100 (TZ=CET) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: urgent search! 
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.960216161516.31905A-100000@buff_f.rz.uni-frankfurt.de> 
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Dear all, 
I am trying to get hold of Henrich Bruggemann from Groningen, Holland who  
went off to set up a marine lab somewhere in Africa. 
If anybody knows his current address or (better) e-mail or Henrich, if  
you read this, please reply as soon as possible! 
Lots of thanks, Marcos Gektidis 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Feb 16 14:08:37 1996 
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-1000 
Date: Fri, 16 Feb 1996 08:17:13 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: David Kesler <KESLER@rhodes.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Source of coral for teaching? 
In-Reply-To: <01I19UF5L8AQ000ZHC@rhodes.edu> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960216081558.229J-100000@iniki> 
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David, 
 
We raise a variety of corals at the Waikiki Aquarium and can make them  
available either alive or as teaching specimens.  Let me know what you  
need and what quantity and let you know what have available. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
University of Hawaii 
 
 
On Fri, 16 Feb 1996, David Kesler wrote: 
 
> Can you suggest a source of non-living coral (corallums) for teaching coral  
> taxonomy? 
>  
> David Kesler, Ph.D. 
> Rhodes College 
> 2000 N. Parkway 
> Memphis, TN 38112 
> (901) 726-3557 - phone 
> (901) 726-3565 - fax 
> KESLER@RHODES.EDU 
> http://kesler.biology.rhodes.edu/default.html 
>    
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 17 11:56:02 1996 
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From: PHrank2139@aol.com 
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Date: Sat, 17 Feb 1996 10:50:56 -0500 
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To: KESLER@rhodes.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Source of coral for teaching? 
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Contact the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. They have lots of confiscated 
corals which they will give out on permanent loan to any educational 
institution. 
 
Frank M. Greco (pHrank2139@aol.com) 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 07:56:38 1996 
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	id AA06999; Mon, 19 Feb 96 12:09:41 GMT 
Date: Mon, 19 Feb 96 12:09:41 GMT 
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X-Mailis: C87 
From: pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Large Foram biometry 
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PECHEUX M 1995 Ecomorphology of a recent 
 large foraminifer, Operculina ammonoide 
s. GEOBIOS (Lyon, France) 28/5, 529-566 
Hundred specimens studied from Aqaba stu 
died by X-ray and computerized biometry, 
 with >100000 data 
Growth rate, fecundity, shape controlled 
 by light while size by competition. 
Calcification equals to photosynthesis. 
Irregularities at mid-depth, very slight 
 compared toabnormalities during bleachi 
ng 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 08:05:12 1996 
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	id AA07003; Mon, 19 Feb 96 21:39:42 +0900 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 1996 21:43:59 +0900 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: kayanne@geogr.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Kayanne) 
X-Sender: kayanne@133.11.2.1 
Subject: Re: Reefs as Source or Sink of CO2 
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Dear coral-list participants, 
 
Thank you for the recent information exchange on our paper "Diurnal changes 
in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef water" in Science, 
269, 214-216 (1995). 
 
As Dr. Jean-Pierre Gattuso showed, we have received two comments from Dr. 
Gattuso et al. and Prof. Buddemeier and I responded to them.  Their 
principal criticisms are that our examples are too small 
(representativeness of our study site and statistical poverty etc.) to 
contradict the current idea that reef calcium carbonate production exceeds 
net photosynthetic production and act as a sources of CO2. 
 
In my response to their comments, I stressed that our basic question is to 
the idea of a closed reef originated from Odum in 1950's that reef net 
primary production is zero, because reefs are surrounded by tropical 
oligotrophic water.  We wish that the discussion of the relation between 
reefs and CO2 will not remain in sink/source controversy but is sublated to 
create new viewpoint on coral reefs. 
 
This March, we will hold an "International Workshop on Response of Coral 
Reefs to Global Changes" in Tsukuba, Japan. One of the topics in it is to 
extend the idea of open reefs both to the outer ocean and  to the 
atmosphere in relation not only to carbon but also to nitrogen and 
phosphate.  Basically this workshop is composed of the presentations only 
by invited speakers and is not a open symposium.  We would like to discuss 
the issues from interdisciplinary points of views and both from longer and 
shorter timescales and hope to create a new research program on reefs and 
global changes.   
 
Hajime Kayanne 
Univ. Tokyo 
------------------------ 
Sorry if you feel my response is delayed. 
I am now crazy busy in WS prep, univ works etc. 
I cut off sleeping time to respond to you ! 
Hajime KAYANNE 
Dept. Geography, Univ. Tokyo 
Tel: +81-3-3812-2111 (ex4573) 
Fax: +81-3-5684-0518 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 08:11:38 1996 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 1996 21:26:15 +0900 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: kayanne@geogr.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp (Kayanne) 
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Subject: Re: Reefs as Source or Sink of CO2 
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Dear coral-list participants, 
 
Thank you for the recent information exchange on our paper "Diurnal changes 
in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in coral reef water" in Science, 
269, 214-216 (1995). 
 
As Dr. Jean-Pierre Gattuso showed, we have received two comments from Dr. 
Gattuso et al. and Prof. Buddemeier and I responded to them.  Their 
principal criticisms are that our examples are too small 
(representativeness of our study site and statistical poverty etc.) to 
contradict the current idea that reef calcium carbonate production exceeds 
net photosynthetic production and act as a sources of CO2. 
 
In my response to their comments, I stressed that our basic question is to 
the idea of a closed reef originated from Odum in 1950's that reef net 
primary production is zero, because reefs are surrounded by tropical 
oligotrophic water.  We wish that the discussion of the relation between 
reefs and CO2 will not remain in sink/source controversy but is sublated to 
create new viewpoint on coral reefs. 
 
This March, we will hold an "International Workshop on Response of Coral 
Reefs to Global Changes" in Tsukuba, Japan. One of the topics in it is to 
extend the idea of open reefs both to the outer ocean and  to the 
atmosphere in relation not only to carbon but also to nitrogen and 
phosphate.  Basically this workshop is composed of the presentations only 
by invited speakers and is not a open symposium.  We would like to discuss 
the issues from interdisciplinary points of views and both from longer and 
shorter timescales and hope to create a new research program on reefs and 
global changes.   
 
Hajime Kayanne 
Univ. Tokyo 
------------------------ 
International Workshop on Response of Coral Reefs to Global Changes 
  
Date: 4-6 March, 1996 
Venue: Auditorium, Tsukuba Research Center, Agency of Industrial Science 
and Technology, MITI (Tsukuba 305, Japan) 
 
Rationale:  
   Coral reefs are landforms constructed by corals themselves, on which 
diversified creatures live and they drive biogeochemical cycles in relation 
to the ocean and the atmosphere.  Coral reefs are related not only to local 
environmental changes but also to major elements of the global changes: CO2 
increase, global warming and sea-level changes.  To understand reef 
response to the global changes, we should view them from interdisciplinary 
points of view (geological, physical, ecological and biogeochemical) and in 
relation to the ocean and the atmosphere. 
   The target timescale of the future global changes is 100 years. At this 
timescale, reef landforms and functions of reefs to the global cycles have 
been changed and will be changed.  We should approach this timescale both 
from longer (>1000 years) and from shorter (<10 years) timescales. 
   On the basis of these points, this workshop intends to create new 
research fields to evaluate and predict response of coral reefs to the 
global changes from interdisciplinary points of view. Though the speakers 
approaches the issue from various viewpoints and timescales, they are asked 
to comment the relation between reefs and the global changes with a 
timescale of 100 years. 
 
Sponsors 
Science and Technology Agency, Japan 
Geological Survey of Japan 
 
4 March  
Yonekura, N. (Univ. Tokyo): Background and outline of this workshop 
 
Session 1. Coral reefs and global changes: To review global changes which 
affect coral reefs and to discuss their relation to reef development mainly 
from longer timescales and change in reef landforms accompanying with the 
changes. 
Chair: Matsumoto, E. (Inst. Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Sci., Nagoya Univ.) 
Fairbanks, R. G. (Lamont-Doherty Geoscience Observatory): The response of 
reefs to changing sea level. 
Kayanne, H. (Univ. Tokyo): Reef development through postglacial time with 
change in geomorphological, physical, biological and biogeochemical 
interactions. 
 
Session 2. Changes in physical conditions: To review hydrological 
environment around coral reefs and to discuss necessary researches to 
evaluate and predict responses of reefs to the past and future global 
changes. 
Chair: Hosokawa, Y. (Port Harbour Res. Inst.) 
Wolanski, E., Massel, S. and Furukawa, K. (Australian Institute of Marine 
Science): Oceanographic impacts of sea level rise on coral reefs. 
Nakamura, Y. (Kyushu Univ.): Hydrodynamic control of mass transfer at the 
sea floor. 
 
Session 3. Characteristics of coral reef ecosystems: To show uniqueness of 
coral reef ecosystems and their biogeochemical cycles comparing with the 
other ecosystems. 
Chair: Omori, M. (Tokyo Univ. Fisheries) 
Hughes, T. (James Cook Univ.): Geographic variation in community structure 
of coral reefs: Implications for global climate change. 
Fry, B. (Florida Int. Univ.): N budgets and possible uses of 15N to study 
coral reef N cycles. 
Wada, E. (Kyoto Univ.): Isotope biogeochemical structures of several 
aquatic ecosystems with emphasis on N2 fixation. 
 
Session 4. Response of corals and reef ecosystems to the global changes: To 
discuss the past and the future responses of corals and reef ecosystems to 
the global changes. 
Chair: Yamazato, K. (Univ. Ryukyus) 
Muscatine, L. (Univ. California L. A.): Response of corals to global changes. 
Eakin, C. M. (NOAA): Response of coral reef ecosystems to global changes. 
Tsuchiya, M. (Univ. Ryukyus): Environmental purification in coral reefs: 
maintenance of beautiful landscape by biological activities. 
 
5 March  
 
Session 5. Role of coral reefs in the global biogeochemical cycles: To 
discuss the functions of reefs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles. 
Chair: Koike I. (Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. Tokyo) 
Gattuso, J. -P. (Observatoire Oceanologique Europeen): Productivity and 
calcification in recent coral reefs: effect on air-sea CO2 fluxes. 
Szmant, A. M. (Univ. Miami): Nutrient dynamics and cycling within coral 
reef communities: contrasts between oligotrophic benthic and eutrophic 
planktonic production systems. 
Capone, D. (Chesapeake Biol. Lab.): Coral reef ecosystems in the context of 
the marine nitrogen cycle. 
Yamamuro, M. (Geological Survey of Japan): Coral reefs as sustainable 
organic producers. 
 
Session 6. Organic geochemistry of coral reefs: To view reefs from organic 
geochemical points of view and to discuss the role of reefs in organic 
geochemical cycles. 
Chair: Ishiwatari, R. (Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.) 
Logan, G. (CSIRO): Potential of organic geochemistry for study of coral 
reefs and global change. 
Yamamoto, M.(Geol. Survey Japan): Characteristics of organic matter in 
coral reef sediments. 
 
Session 7. Strategy in coral reef researches: To view future research 
strategy in coral reef researches to solve the relation between the global 
changes and reefs. 
Chair: Harashima, S. (Natioanl Inst. Environmental Studies) 
McManus, J. W. (Int. Center Living Aquatic Resources Management): 
Determining the effects of global changes on coral reefs: A strategy for 
International research, data exchange and meta-analysis. 
Grigg, R. W. (Univ. Hawaii): Global climate change and coral reef 
research:future priorities, planning, funding and scientific organization. 
 
Sato, T. (Geol. Survey Japan) Closing remarks 
 
6 March 
 
Closed expert workshop to create new research fields. 
 
------------------------ 
Sorry if you feel my response is delayed. 
I am now crazy busy in WS prep, univ works etc. 
I cut off sleeping time to respond to you ! 
Hajime KAYANNE 
Dept. Geography, Univ. Tokyo 
Tel: +81-3-3812-2111 (ex4573) 
Fax: +81-3-5684-0518 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 11:35:28 1996 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 1996 10:52:10 -0500 (EST) 
From: Nathalie Brigitte Reyns <nreyns@ic.sunysb.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: West Indies 
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I am a graduate student working on larval brachyurans from the West  
Indies.  I am currently looking for information (published, and  
non-published) regarding species from this region.  I am particularily  
interested in keys and any other relevant information pertaining to  
identification and ecology. I'd appreciate any help!  Thanks! 
 
Nathalie Reyns 
Marine Sciences Research Center  
State Univeristy of New York 
Stony Brook, NY  11789-5000 
 
email: nreyns@ic.sunysb.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 13:28:52 1996 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 1996 11:09:33 -0600 (CST) 
From: Jordan Dahlgren Eric <jordan@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: jordan@mar 
To: Nicole Dettmann <nd71@columbia.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Looking for information 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960215230229.12609A@labdien.cc.columbia.edu> 
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960217125746.4547E-100000@mar> 
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Nicole: 
 
Unfortunately, as you say the Pier in Paraiso is being built. Most likely   
it will destroy a small part of that reef, but we are not able to prove  
that it will ".. destroy a major part of Paradise Reef". 
 
Based on the limited available information on the water-dynamics of the  
area, there is reason to suspect that both during stages of the  
construction, and also while operating, damage may be caused in  
downstream reef areas. However, there is no information at present  
to properly asses the extention of the influence area, nor the amount  
of damage to the reef community, that may result from both these puntual  
(in time) and chronic impacts. 
 
In my opinion, there is too much to risk, but the problem is that this is  
only one opinion, and however educated it may be, is not a certainity. 
In spite of the sadness of seeing that pier being built, notwithstanding  
that some scientists adviced against it, some good has come from  
this. Because of the turmoil that this affair generated, a wider social  
sector in Mexico is now aware that these ecosystems are fragile and  
useful (in terms of anthropogenic activities), at the same time. So, we  
may do better next time. 
 
On the other hand, as you surely know these are complex social issues,  
and regarding Mexico I will try to have a wide open mind to be able to  
understand the causality of these problems. You see, socially speaking  
Mexico is not very similar to the US. Mexico's struggle to shift from  
almost  total ecological unawareness in marine ecosystems to healthy  
environmental law enforcement is a slow process.  
 
 
There are several people that could help you:  
 
Rita Sheese, at Cozumel (987) 23535, could tell you about the  
environmentalist people point of view. 
 
Official position is to be obtained from top officials at Mexico City (This  
issue fall under federal government) in the Secretaria del Medio  
Ambiente, such as Julia CArabias or GAbriel Quadri. In the mexican  
consulate at your place you would be able to obtain their phone numbers. 
 
Scientific information can be provided by the same environmentalists of  
Cozumel (do you read spanish ?). For specific doubts on these matters you  
can call upon me. 
 
 
 
On Thu, 15 Feb 1996, Nicole Dettmann wrote: 
 
>  
> To all interested parties: 
>  
> 	I am an undergraduate student in Environmental Science at Barnard  
> College of Columbia University. I have a great interest in the preservation of  
> coral reefs and am currently writing my thesis on Mexican environmental  
> law and protection schemes.  I am taking an in depth look and the content  
> and efficacy of environmental law and its affect on  coral reefs in  
> Mexico. 
> 	I am very interested in the recent development project at Paradise  
> Reef on the Caribbean coastal island of Cozumel.  A new cruise ship  
> dock/pier  is being built and threatens to destroy a major part of   
> Paradise Reef. This is an interesting example of how Environmental law in Mexico 
>  is not being enforced.  Any information, contacts or sugesstions pertaining to my  
> thesis (especially the new pier development) would be greatly appreciated. 
>  
> Thank you in advance. 
>  
>  
>  
> Nicole L. Dettmann 
> Box 142 McIntosh 
> 3001 Broadway 
> New York, New York 
> U.S.A. 
>  
> Telephone: (212) 853-5921 
> e-mail : nd71@columbia.edu 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 19 20:13:58 1996 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 96 18:14:25 CST 
From: "Juan Pablo Carricart Ganivet" <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
Message-Id: <19346.jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
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Nicole: 
 
Unfortunately, there are many interesting examples of how environmental law  
in Mexico is not being enforced. 
 
The Federal Government, on august 1992, declared, as a National Marine  
Park, the Reef System of Veracruz (RSV). There is not a adequate management  
plan improved by the goverment, until now. I am sending to you, by mail, a  
photocopy of this declaration. 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet 
ECOSUR 
Apdo. Postal 424, Chetumal, Q. Roo. 77000. Mexico 
e-mail: jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 00:27:49 1996 
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Date: Mon, 19 Feb 1996 21:06:01 -0800 (PST) 
From: Christopher Ledford <cel1@axe.humboldt.edu> 
Subject: Re: West Indies 
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To: Nathalie Brigitte Reyns <nreyns@ic.sunysb.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Dear Nathalie, 
	In response to your request for information on brachurans, you  
might want to try to contact the School for Field Studies on South  
Caicos. I know they have a lot of unpublished data on all sorts of  
things, but I'm not sure about brachurians. Their e-mail address is  
sfstci@igc.apc.org and thier phone number is (809) 946-3362. You also  
might want to try the Caicos Conch Farm on Provodencialis. I don't know  
the number but if you ask for Bill at SFS he could tell you. Good luck. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 18:08:55 1996 
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From: TSTEIN@ewu.edu 
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 20 Feb 1996 14:22:10 -0800 (PST) 
Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 14:22:10 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: transplantation/reintroduction? 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I recently read an article by Ian Anderson (New Scientist, Jul '95) on reparing 
reefs by hard grafting coral samples taken from healthy reefs.  I am interested 
in doing a case study on coral transplantation but find that the information 
is very sparce.  Other than the IUCN red data book on invertebrates, are there 
other primary sources I might look into? 
 
Suggestions appreciated, 
 
Tim Stein 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 19:54:30 1996 
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Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 14:25:55 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: TSTEIN@ewu.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplantation/reintroduction? 
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Tim, 
 
I have not conducted any coral transplantation work in the field but we  
handle a lot of coral fragments in culture and the techniques could be  
applied to field situations.  Others can inform you how they transplant  
corals on the reef, but on our "farm" we snip off fragments roughly 3-5cm  
in length (mostly Acropora spp.).  These are immediately glued onto  
small, cubical nylon plugs ("faucet adaptors") using Z-Spar splash zone  
compound (A-788).  The plugs are then set into the slots in a plastic  
eggcrate tray in an outdoor aquarium.  We can grow dozens of fragments in  
a very small space this way.  The fragments are then used for research,  
or given to other public aquariums, or used in our own exhibits. 
 
I see no reason why this method could not be expanded to grow fragments  
to transplant on the reef.  The plugs could either be snipped off or used  
as anchors to hold the coral fragments in small holes on the reef.  Of  
course, the plugs would have to be secured with underwater epoxy to  
ensure that they stay in place.  This would require an underwater drill,  
and probably regular trips to the surface to get additional epoxy -- it  
starts to become unworkable in about 10 minutes. 
 
My gut feeling is that transplanting corals on the reef is more trouble  
than it's worth, given all the logistics involved, but there probably are  
reef areas which might be unsuitable for the settlement of coral planulae  
but otherwise have conditions suitable for coral growth.  Such areas  
might be candidates for transplanting fragments. 
 
On Tue, 20 Feb 1996 TSTEIN@ewu.edu wrote: 
 
> I recently read an article by Ian Anderson (New Scientist, Jul '95) on reparing 
> reefs by hard grafting coral samples taken from healthy reefs.  I am interested 
> in doing a case study on coral transplantation but find that the information 
> is very sparce.  Other than the IUCN red data book on invertebrates, are there 
> other primary sources I might look into? 
>  
> Suggestions appreciated, 
>  
> Tim Stein 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 22:05:46 1996 
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Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 16:23:02 -1000 (HST) 
From: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 16:17:37 -1000 (HST) 
From: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
Subject: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI 
 
Hello, 
I saw your reply on the coral server list regarding the transplantation  
of corals for reef rehab.  In it you inferred that the ends probably  
wouldn't justify the means (i.e., too much effort).  However, I still  
wonder how Acropora cytherea would do in the Main Hawaiian Islands if  
transplanted from the North West Hawaiian Islands.  As you know, Acropora  
is a hardy, fecund, fragmenting, and most important of all, a fast  
growing species.  The lack of Holocene reef accretion in Hawaii could be  
due to the  
lack of just such a species.  Given the high energy, high disturbance  
regime of Hawaii, pioneering and fast growth seem to be required for  
resilience in the face of frequent disturbance.  Acropora fits this bill  
in addition to being resistant to wave energy such as seen in the NWHI  
where it is naturally common.  It just hasn't made its way to the MHI. 
The recent work of Clark and Edwards (1995; Coral Reefs, 14:201-213)  
demonstrate that mortality rates of transplanted acroporids was about  
50% after 28 months.  Given the fast growth and 50% return rates of Acropora  
they measured, doesn't it seem worthwhile to try it in the MHI.  The  
possible benefits over the next fifty years include: 
1)Production of reef that serves to: 
	a)enlarge coral habitat space for coral reef species 
	b)for fish this could mean higher biomass and therefore larger  
and safer fishing stocks 
	c)higher fish biomass could lead to increased herbivory rates on  
coral competing algae thereby leading to a an established healthy  
positive feedback coral community; N.B. the production of reef by  
Acropora could also enhance the biomass of other corals so the MHI reefs  
would not be monospecific.  Reef buildup provides vertical relief so  
recruiting larvae aren't quickly abraded by sand and debris as they are now 
	d)protect shorelines that may be eroded in the near future by  
storm waves in an ocean that's rising 
2)Enhance an important natural resource of this state that attracts  
tourist dollars. 
 
As you mentioned in your reply, the inertia to establish corals to  
rehabilitate/enhance reefs, if not regions, is immense.  But, it may be that  
once  
Acropora got started in the MHI it would do quite well on its own seeding  
the region from a few strategically placed reefs. 
 
One could bring down parts of many colonies and transplant them to a  
protected area such as Kaneohe Bay.  After they are established and begin  
to reproduce locally, they become a local source of larvae for seeding  
larger and larger areas of K Bay.  The planulae could be collected over  
these reefs and in K Bay itself (since flushing rates are low).  These  
larvae could then be artificially recruited in culture and grown for a  
year (to miss hi juv. mort. rates) then transplanted to other areas of  
Oahu.  Fragments of the K Bay colonies could also be transplanted to  
other areas of Oahu. 
 
These may be grandiose ideas but I think some discussion is warranted and at  
least a transplanting pilot study should be done with A. cytherea here in  
Hawaii.  What do you think?  Would there be resistance to this idea by  
the public or reef scientists?  Have you already had this idea? 
 
Ed Parnell 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 23:18:07 1996 
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Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 17:45:18 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 17:42:16 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI 
 
 
Ed, 
 
Good idea but there are pitfalls.  Collecting Acropora cytheria at French  
Frigate Shoals is possible, and we can certainly grow it here (I have  
several colonies from Fiji) in our outdoor tanks. However, State  
Agriculture will not allow anything from French Frigate Shoals into the  
main Hawaiian Islands without an import permit.  Yes the NW Hawaiian  
Islands are geologically and biologically and politically part of Hawaii  
but from Agriculture's standpoint they might as well be Africa.  I can  
get a permit to bring corals back from the NWHI but only on condition  
that they be safeguarded from accidental introduction into the wild.  The  
permit conditions are very stringent with stiff penalites. 
 
In addition to these hurdles, there are many people here who are  
steadfastly against introductions of new corals into the main Hawaiian  
Islands.  Basically on the premise that we cannot know in advance what  
disruption they may cause to existing ecosystems.  My guess is that A.  
cytheria would provide benefits, but I could be wrong and who would want  
to take the blame for any permanent long-term environmental havoc?  We've  
had a long history of bad mistakes in this area (e.g. the introduction of  
the blue-lined snapper from Tahiti) so I think such a proposal would take  
years to get through the approval process -- if ever!! 
 
For your information, Acropora was apparently quite common on Oahu about  
10,000 years ago.  We can still find fossil colonies of it on the Ewa  
plain (and brain corals etc.).  A few colonies of Acropora have turned up  
on Kauai over the years.  That's what we need to find (and nurture!). 
 
Thanks for the ideas! 
 
Bruce Carlson 
 
On Tue, 20 Feb 1996, Ed Parnell wrote: 
 
> Hello, 
> I saw your reply on the coral server list regarding the transplantation  
> of corals for reef rehab.  In it you inferred that the ends probably  
> wouldn't justify the means (i.e., too much effort).  However, I still  
> wonder how Acropora cytherea would do in the Main Hawaiian Islands if  
> transplanted from the North West Hawaiian Islands.  As you know, Acropora  
> is a hardy, fecund, fragmenting, and most important of all, a fast  
> growing species.  The lack of Holocene reef accretion in Hawaii could be  
> due to the  
> lack of just such a species.  Given the high energy, high disturbance  
> regime of Hawaii, pioneering and fast growth seem to be required for  
> resilience in the face of frequent disturbance.  Acropora fits this bill  
> in addition to being resistant to wave energy such as seen in the NWHI  
> where it is naturally common.  It just hasn't made its way to the MHI. 
> The recent work of Clark and Edwards (1995; Coral Reefs, 14:201-213)  
> demonstrate that mortality rates of transplanted acroporids was about  
> 50% after 28 months.  Given the fast growth and 50% return rates of Acropora  
> they measured, doesn't it seem worthwhile to try it in the MHI.  The  
> possible benefits over the next fifty years include: 
> 1)Production of reef that serves to: 
> 	a)enlarge coral habitat space for coral reef species 
> 	b)for fish this could mean higher biomass and therefore larger  
> and safer fishing stocks 
> 	c)higher fish biomass could lead to increased herbivory rates on  
> coral competing algae thereby leading to a an established healthy  
> positive feedback coral community; N.B. the production of reef by  
> Acropora could also enhance the biomass of other corals so the MHI reefs  
> would not be monospecific.  Reef buildup provides vertical relief so  
> recruiting larvae aren't quickly abraded by sand and debris as they are now 
> 	d)protect shorelines that may be eroded in the near future by  
> storm waves in an ocean that's rising 
> 2)Enhance an important natural resource of this state that attracts  
> tourist dollars. 
>  
> As you mentioned in your reply, the inertia to establish corals to  
> rehabilitate/enhance reefs, if not regions, is immense.  But, it may be that  
> once  
> Acropora got started in the MHI it would do quite well on its own seeding  
> the region from a few strategically placed reefs. 
>  
> One could bring down parts of many colonies and transplant them to a  
> protected area such as Kaneohe Bay.  After they are established and begin  
> to reproduce locally, they become a local source of larvae for seeding  
> larger and larger areas of K Bay.  The planulae could be collected over  
> these reefs and in K Bay itself (since flushing rates are low).  These  
> larvae could then be artificially recruited in culture and grown for a  
> year (to miss hi juv. mort. rates) then transplanted to other areas of  
> Oahu.  Fragments of the K Bay colonies could also be transplanted to  
> other areas of Oahu. 
>  
> These may be grandiose ideas but I think some discussion is warranted and at  
> least a transplanting pilot study should be done with A. cytherea here in  
> Hawaii.  What do you think?  Would there be resistance to this idea by  
> the public or reef scientists?  Have you already had this idea? 
>  
> Ed Parnell 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 00:16:33 1996 
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Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 23:41:06 -0500 (EST) 
From: Erika  Haendel <esh8@columbia.edu> 
X-Sender: esh8@konichiwa.cc.columbia.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reefs and Debt-for-Nature Swaps 
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To all interested parties: 
  Hi, my name is Erika Haendel and I am currently writing a senior thesis  
at Columbia University under the supervision of Professor David Downie.   
This thesis explores the possibility of using debt-for-nature swaps to  
save endangered coral reefs throughout the world.  
  Part of my thesis will involve making recommendations for future  
debt-for-nature swaps involving coral reefs.  In order to do this, I need  
to find current information concerning coral reefs throughout the world  
(preferably in developing nations) which are severely threatened by human  
activities (i.e. muro-ami or explosive fishing techniques, increasing  
coastal development, sewage discharge into reef ecosystems etc...).  Some  
areas where I would be interested in include the Philippines, Tanzania,  
Honduras (or other Central American countries), Belze, Kenya, Jordan,  
Egypt, Thailand and the Caribbean.  If anybody has any current  
information on the state of the reefs in these or any other developing  
nations, or if you know of a place or a book where I might be able to obtain  
this type of information, your assistance would be greatly appreciated. 
 
  Thank You in advance, 
  Erika S. Haendel 
  esh8@columbia.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 07:41:06 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 07:10:54 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral Reefs and Debt-for-Nature Swaps 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960221070809.8275A-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded response: 
 
To: coral-list 
From: rbak@nioz.nl (Rolf P.M. Bak) 
Subject: Re: Coral Reefs and Debt-for-Nature Swaps 
 
Dear Erika, 
 
A debt for nature swap is being considered to save the  
threatened, yet pristine coral reefs of Oostpunt, Curacao,  
Netherlands Antilles. For more 
info contact: 
 
Wim Bergman email iucnnethcomm@gn.apc.org 
or 
Nico Visser fax 599 9 612154 
 
Good luck, Rolf Bak 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 10:37:55 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 08:49:28 -0500 (EST) 
From: Cathleen Lyn Bester <cbester@bgnet.bgsu.edu> 
Subject: Re: Coral Reefs and Debt-for-Nature Swaps 
To: Erika Haendel <esh8@columbia.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960220233137.4681A-100000@konichiwa.cc.columbia.edu> 
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Erika, 
	In response to your email concerning coral reefs throughout the  
world, I may be able to give you some information.  During 1994 summer I  
worked as a work-study at the Hol Chan Marine Reserve off of San Pedro in  
Belize.  Hol Chan is a marine reserve set up by the Belize Dept of  
Fisheries with some help from USAID.  You can get in contact with them at: 
Hol Chan Marine Reserve, San Pedro, Ambergris Caye, Belize.  They can  
provide some answers for you on the state of the reef there.  Also, the  
department of fisheries may be able to help you - they are located in  
Belize City as well as the Belize Center for environmental studies on Eve  
Street in Belize City, Belize.  Due to the fact that Hol Chan is a  
"eco-tourist" destination, I found it to be badly damaged by snorkelers  
and SCUBA alike.  I took part in the marine patrol during the summer and  
saw people touching and standing on everything - a bit of a disaster.   
Many of the grey snapper there also had fungal infections due to being  
touched by humans as they are used to being fed (which is now illegal there)! 
To all concerned:   	I am currently a masters degree student working on the  
molecular  
mechanisms that occur between the coral polyp and its symbiotic  
zooxanthellae, carrying out my research in Bermuda.  If anyone has any  
info on such subjects, it would be greatly appreciated... 
Cheers 
Cathy Bester 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 12:06:44 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 11:34:21 -0500 (EST) 
From: JOSHUA Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
X-Sender: joshua@polaris 
To: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, 
        Joshua Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960220162239.2277A-100000@bio-ocean> 
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On Tue, 20 Feb 1996, Ed Parnell wrote: 
 
snip ... 
 
> As you know, Acropora  
> is a hardy, fecund, fragmenting, and most important of all, a fast  
> growing species.  The lack of Holocene reef accretion in Hawaii could be  
> due to the  
> lack of just such a species.  Given the high energy, high disturbance  
> regime of Hawaii, pioneering and fast growth seem to be required for  
> resilience in the face of frequent disturbance.  Acropora fits this bill  
> in addition to being resistant to wave energy such as seen in the NWHI  
> where it is naturally common.  It just hasn't made its way to the MHI. 
 
snip... 
 
> One could bring down parts of many colonies and transplant them to a  
> protected area such as Kaneohe Bay.  After they are established and begin  
> to reproduce locally, they become a local source of larvae for seeding  
> larger and larger areas of K Bay.  The planulae could be collected over  
> these reefs and in K Bay itself (since flushing rates are low).  These  
> larvae could then be artificially recruited in culture and grown for a  
> year (to miss hi juv. mort. rates) then transplanted to other areas of  
> Oahu.  Fragments of the K Bay colonies could also be transplanted to  
> other areas of Oahu. 
>  
> These may be grandiose ideas but I think some discussion is warranted and at  
> least a transplanting pilot study should be done with A. cytherea here in  
> Hawaii.  What do you think?  Would there be resistance to this idea by  
> the public or reef scientists?  Have you already had this idea? 
 
Ed, 
 
I am amazed that you would consider the introduction of any species into  
the waters of Hawaii. Yes, A. cytherea may grow quickly and recruit to  
areas not yet populated with corals. It also may displace native corals  
and change the structural complexity of existing reef habitats. In  
general, species introductions are fraught with unexpected outcomes. Even  
if the transplanted species comes from a nearby region, A. cytherea is  
not native to the main Hawaiian archipelago. 
 
This idea exemplifies the conflict between wanting to mitigate  
anthropogenic diminution of reef systems and the desire to allow reefs to  
develop naturally (be that increase or decline). 
 
 
Joshua Feingold 
Nova Southeastern University 
joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 11:24:58 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 10:52:26 -0500 
Message-Id: <199602211552.KAA17067@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: transplantation/reintroduction? 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Bruce Carlson" <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu>, <TSTEIN@ewu.edu> 
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Tim, 
 
A good person to talk to regarding transplanting coral is Harold Hudson.   
He along with Bill Goodwin run the restoration office at the Florida Keys  
National Marine Sanctuary.  Harold can be reached at  
hhudson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov or via phone 305/451-5321, 305/451-3193 (fax).  
 Keep me posted on your progress. 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. 
4254 Hungry Run Road 
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 16:55:51 1996 
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Date: 21 Feb 96 15:29:49 EST 
From: "Jack, Sobel" <SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cyth 
Message-ID: <960221202949_555063.0_EHF31-1@CompuServe.COM> 
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Why don't we spend more time and effort protecting our natural heritage  
rather than trying to replicate someone else's to displace ours? 
 
Coral reefs, Acropora coral reefs included, are parts of beautiful and  
valuable natural ecosystems, and we should do all we can to protect these  
threatened treasures; but that doen't mean we should be exporting them  
into other natural environments that also have value. 
 
Why don't we learn from our past mistakes?  History provides enough  
experience with both deliberate and accidental introductions to be very  
wary of such actions, which often have unintentional adverse impacts.   
Think about the deliberate introduction of carp or the accidental  
introduction of the zebra mussel to North America.  There are a multitude  
of such examples.  Hawaii, in particular, with its sensitive, highly  
endemic flora and fauna; provides a font of such examples. 
 
Let's protect our extraordinary and threatened natural coral reefs,  
including those with Acropora, but let's not manufacture a need to  
introduce them to areas where they don't belong.  Let's not mess  
unnecessarily with Mother Nature. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 21 17:58:19 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 12:22:11 -1000 (HST) 
From: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: parnell@bio-ocean 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 09:58:14 -1000 (HST) 
From: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: Ed Parnell <parnell@soest.hawaii.edu> 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
 
hey ed, see i'm supporting you! 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 09:56:46 -1000 (HST) 
From: Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: JOSHUA Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
 
 
Joshua, 
 
There are no native, that is endemic, Hawaiian corals that are restricted  
to the main chain.  All the species  
in the Hawaiian chain occur thoughout it except A. cytheria, and it has in  
the past lived in the main isles. The reefs of the main Hawaiian chain  
are now pretty depauperate, due partly to the fact that this area is not  
a good habitat for corals, as Ed pointed out (too much disturbance).  I  
think his proposal deserves careful consideration based on the  
biogeography of the area and not dismissal based on the mere  
presence of numerous examples of bad exotic introductions.  The  
reintroduction of cytheria should more appropriately be compared to the  
seeding of native plants wiped out by a particularly bad winter. 
 
Bob Miller 
(a former nova employee) 
 
Bob Miller 
Dept. of Oceanography 
University of Hawaii 
1000 Pope Rd. 
Honolulu Hawaii 96822 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 22 08:56:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 22 Feb 1996 08:19:56 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960222081749.10305D-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 21 Feb 1996 19:26:52 -0500 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
 
To Ed Parnell: 
 
First off I am a layperson whose only knowledge of corals is limited to the 
ones I dive with in West Maui.  I do however know some of them (entire coral 
heads) quite personally.  I can even tell you what year they got smothered 
and died. 
 
During a series of algae blooms (Cladophora) the corals that got killed off 
the quickest were Pocillopora endouxyii and also Pocillopora  meandrina. 
While these corals would stand the pounding winter waves and yes, to some 
extent even being blasted by sand and silt assaults, one season of 
Cladophora blooms did many of them in. 
 
At 04:23 PM 2/20/96 -1000, Ed Parnell wrote: 
 
>As you mentioned in your reply, the inertia to establish corals to  
>rehabilitate/enhance reefs, if not regions, is immense.  But, it may be that  
>once  
>Acropora got started in the MHI it would do quite well on its own seeding  
>the region from a few strategically placed reefs. 
 
I just checked what Acropora looks like in the book Living Corals.  I could 
not find cytherea but many of the Acropora species appear to have 
finger-like branches and a rasp-like appearance.   
 
In this respect they are as vulnerable to algae blooms as their Pocillopora 
cousins.  The Cladophora snags on the branches and does them in.  While I am 
not suggesting our dive site is typical of the Hawaiian Islands, I am 
suggesting nutrient input and runoff are an increasing problem and MORE of a 
concern than any pounding winter waves. 
 
The decline of many Hawaiian corals has more to do with suspect-to-poor 
water quality and lack of serious commitment to protect their ocean 
environment than anything nature could toss their way.   
 
Ed Parnell then wrote: 
 
>These may be grandiose ideas but I think some discussion is warranted and at  
>least a transplanting pilot study should be done with A. cytherea here in  
>Hawaii.  What do you think?  
 
Please correct me if I am wrong but I believe there was an interesting 
transplanting study done on Oahu (Kaneohe Bay?) where Red Hypnea, a Florida 
native was studied as a money "crop".  As I heard it it was not feasible and 
the plant was let loose.  Other stories say it got loose. 
 
Anyway, that Red Hypnea piles up in various parts of Maui every summer now 
including our dive site.  It is now so "successful" it has become a 
permanent blight.  I am in no way suggesting a coral could accomplish 
something this impressive or fast in a little over a decade, I am just 
pointing out the side-effects of many "introductions" inflicted on the 
Hawaiian Islands. 
 
Ed Parnell then wrote: 
 
 Would there be resistance to this idea by  
>the public or reef scientists?  
 
I can tell you with all due respect, I know of at least ONE..... 
 
 
Aloha and best 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 22 08:59:43 1996 
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Date: Thu, 22 Feb 1996 08:21:49 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960222082007.10305E-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 22 Feb 1996 07:10:05 -0500 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI (fwd) 
 
Robert Miller <bmiller@soest.hawaii.edu> wrote: 
 
 The reefs of the main Hawaiian chain  
>are now pretty depauperate, due partly to the fact that this area is not  
>a good habitat for corals, as Ed pointed out (too much disturbance).  
 
You are right with the too much disturbance part. Only I don't think we 
would agree on what "disturbance" means.  Again, I am only reporting here on 
the reefs along West Maui but most of them were done in by run-off and 
(likely) sewage "management". 
 
Robert Miller then wrote: 
  
>think his proposal deserves careful consideration based on the  
>biogeography of the area and not dismissal based on the mere  
>presence of numerous examples of bad exotic introductions.   
 
Fair.... but let's make that highly cautious consideration instead. 
 
Robert Miller than wrote: 
 
The  
>reintroduction of cytheria should more appropriately be compared to the  
>seeding of native plants wiped out by a particularly bad winter. 
 
I recall the damage done to certain areas of Kaneohe Bay because of sewage 
outfall and construction run-off.  There was a documentary made on it "Cloud 
over the Reef" I believe... It might even be these areas you are considering 
"replanting". 
 
Then there is my dive site in West Maui where many of the corals got wiped 
out in a single Cladophora bloom of 1989.  The area has experienced annual 
blooms of various algaes/seaweeds since then.  What used to be mature P. 
endouyxii and meandrina heads are now clumps of seaweeds. 
 
The fact they got so big means for decades that ocean had the right water 
quality they required for growth.  These corals were NOT wiped out by a 
"particularly bad winter".  Crashing waves (hurricanes) did not do them in. 
 
They are STILL in place only overgrown with seaweeds and algae.  See a 
"particularly bad winter" implies your reefs are being done in by nature. 
That is not only false but a harmful assertion.  It suggests man has little 
role to play but "replant". 
 
Given my experience with Hawaii's lack of resolve to protect its reef 
resources, no "particularly bad winter" can match the harm humans do daily 
to your oceans.    
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 20 18:08:55 1996 
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From: TSTEIN@ewu.edu 
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 20 Feb 1996 14:22:10 -0800 (PST) 
Date: Tue, 20 Feb 1996 14:22:10 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: transplantation/reintroduction? 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-id: <01I1FTL1QIN68Y8G8S@ewu.edu> 
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I recently read an article by Ian Anderson (New Scientist, Jul '95) on reparing 
reefs by hard grafting coral samples taken from healthy reefs.  I am interested 
in doing a case study on coral transplantation but find that the information 
is very sparce.  Other than the IUCN red data book on invertebrates, are there 
other primary sources I might look into? 
 
Suggestions appreciated, 
 
Tim Stein 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 22 14:46:09 1996 
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Date: 	Thu, 22 Feb 1996 08:49:51 -1000 
From: Marian B Westley <westley@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: westley@uhunix4 
To: TSTEIN@ewu.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplantation/reintroduction? 
In-Reply-To: <01I1FTL1QIN68Y8G8S@ewu.edu> 
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Tim, 
 
Try Paul Jokiel at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology--in the middle  
of a tranplanting project at Kawaihae Harbor on the Big Island of Hawaii.  
His email address is (I think) jokiel@soest.hawaii.edu 
 
Good luck! 
 
Marian Westley 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 24 02:49:56 1996 
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	for coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov id XAA17312; Fri, 23 Feb 1996 23:20:58 -0800 
From: "Steve Tyree" <steve@rfx.rfx.com> 
Message-Id: <9602232320.ZM17309@rfx.rfx.com> 
Date: Fri, 23 Feb 1996 23:20:57 -0800 
X-Mailer: Z-Mail (3.2.0 06sep94) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: transplanting Acropora cytherea to MHI 
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 Coral Reef List, 
 
 You have brought up a particular subject which I think will 
become extremely important to the ecosystems of the planet. 
I think its a given that human interaction has changed the 
shape of ecosystems of the planet. In some cases completely 
obliterating them. This human trait though is not restricted 
to our species in particular. Every species on the planet has 
its own survival at the top of its agenda list, well besides 
reproduction maybe :>. The blooming algae could care less that 
it may wiped out a local acropora population, in fact it pro- 
bably is not even coherent of the fact. We as humans though 
do have that capability of recognizing dynamic changes in eco- 
system populations. This leads to a great debate about what 
should WE in particular do. Should we leave the ecosystems 
alone and let them try to recover to some subjective state or 
should we try to manage them somewhat. I dont agree that any- 
thing we do is not natural. We are a product of mother nature. 
We evolved here. If mother nature thinks we should not be  
here, we will disappear. So we are no more guilty than the 
theoritical algae was that just wanted to bloom. We are different 
from that algae in our ability to recognize that our blooming 
has an affect on other species. So now, mother nature has  
created a species that has the ability to direct the dynamic 
changes that our occuring to species populations. I say that 
the trait was a desired one or one selectively choosen for. 
If you realize the ultimate fate of this planet, the reason 
behind the trait becomes quite clear :>. 
 
 Dont get me wrong, I am not condoning the wholesale management 
of ecosystem populations. Just that a two pronged approach 
is probably the best bet. One that combines niche ecosystem 
preservation with management of species. Any coral reef in 
particular could do with a human reef manager or two. One 
excellent job would be righting and recementing large old 
coral colonies that have been toppled by storm surge or wind 
driven currents. Some recent dives on the Solomon Islands 
found many large Acropora tables that had been toppled or 
knocked down in an avalanch. Many stony coral colonies be- 
come loose from the substratum because of boring organism 
activity. What would be wrong with recementing or fortifying 
their base. Many coral fragments get broken off corals and end 
up in piles where little light penetrates. These could be 
recemented onto newly added platforms or older existing ones. 
 
 I am currently writing a non-academic book centered on reef- 
building stony coral that will include lots of research from 
academic works. This above debate will sort of be an under- 
lying theme and one of the reasons I am writing the book. So 
any input will be highly desorable. The thread is already on 
my hard disk :>. Sorry for the poorly edited text, I am work- 
ing with a poor internet connection. I highly recommend 
reading the recent book by Veron titled "Corals in Space and 
Time, The Biogeography and Evolution of the Scleractinia". 
One interesting point is that what we see currently as species 
distribution, is only a small slice in time of the long geo- 
logical distribution of these corals. Also, there appear to 
be some interesting aspects of coral species distribution 
over time, that make the whole subjective species concept, 
somewhat tainted :>. 
 
 Steve Tyree 
 Dynamic Ecomorphology 
 (Very busy right now, but appreciates any input for the book). 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Feb 24 08:35:10 1996 
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From: EDWINA DOMINGUEZ <LGXEEDO@lzn2.lass.nottingham.ac.uk> 
Organization:  Soc Sci Faculty, Univ of Nottm 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date:          Sat, 24 Feb 1996 13:20:30 GMT0BST 
Subject:        
Priority: normal 
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Has there been any research done on Ecotourism as a Tool in Coral  
Reef Conservation? 
 
I am doing research on the subject in relation to the Philippines 
 
Edwina Dominguez 
lgxeedo@lzn2.lass.nottingham.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Feb 25 15:06:18 1996 
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Date: Sun, 25 Feb 1996 14:38:17 -0500 (EST) 
From: Nicole  Dettmann <nd71@columbia.edu> 
X-Sender: nd71@aloha.cc.columbia.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: looking for information 
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Can anyone tell me about the Snail Darter in the U.S.? What happen with  
efforts to protect it? 
 
Thanks. 
 
 
Nicole Dettmann 
BOX 142 McIntosh 
3001 Broadway 
New York, NY 10027 
U.S.A. 
 
(212)853-5921 
nd71@columbia.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 26 08:58:42 1996 
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From: FKMRC@aol.com 
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Date: Mon, 26 Feb 1996 08:30:45 -0500 
Message-ID: <960226083044_333286935@mail04.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: talks in the Keys 
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To all in the Florida  Keys or planning trips to the Keys, 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory's Pigeon Key Marine Research Center is establishing a 
speaker series to publicly communicate scientific information, particularly 
about or relevant to the Keys. No doubt many of you are aware of the 
environmental devisiveness that exists in this area. At least part of this is 
due to lack of scientific communication with the public or the 
misinterpretation of scientific statements by various media. We wish to 
provide a venue for information to flow directly from scientists to the 
public regarding findings relevant to the Keys' ecosystems. Talks will be for 
a general audience but with enough information to keep you all interested 
enough to stay for the discussions afterward! 
 
If you will be in the Keys on 14 March, please plan to attend Bob Steneck's 
talk: 
              
                          Reef Degradation in St. Croix and Jamaica: 
                                   Two Long-Term Case Studies 
 
Talk will be at 7:00 PM in the newly restored Section Gang Quarters on Pigeon 
Key.  If you need further info or would like to share your findings in the 
future, please contact: 
 
Erich Mueller, Ph.D., Director                 Phone: (305) 289-4282 
Mote Marine Laboratory                          FAX:   (305) 289-9664 
Pigeon Key Marine Research Center       email: FKMRC@aol.com 
P.O. Box 500895 
Marathon, FL   33050 
 
Web page:  http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us/~marshall/fkmrc2.html 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 26 09:21:45 1996 
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Date: Mon, 26 Feb 1996 08:57:25 -0500 
Message-Id: <199602261357.IAA19825@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: looking for information 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Nicole  Dettmann" <nd71@columbia.edu>, <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
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Dear Nicole, 
 
For information on the snail darter you could start with: 
 
Herb Kaufman 
NOAA 
Office of Protected Species 
Protected Species Management Division 
301/713-2319 
301/588-4967 (fax) 
 
Ask Herb for more contacts in: 
 
US Fish & Wildlife Service 
Endangered Species Office 
 
or call 
 
National Biological Service  
202/482-2348 
 
and they can point you in the right direction. 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. 
4254 Hungry Run Road 
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 26 10:13:26 1996 
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Date: Mon, 26 Feb 1996 09:28:07 -0500 
Message-Id: <199602261428.JAA19946@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re:        
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "EDWINA DOMINGUEZ" <LGXEEDO@lzn2.lass.nottingham.ac.uk>, 
        <CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Dear Edwina, 
 
In my mind ecotourism is not a tool.  The tools related to ecotourism  
that help manage our coral reef ecosystems include: 
 
1. Integrated coastal zone management:  This includes: public education,  
community development, economic incentives and alternative income  
generation, global or regional legal instruments, institutional  
restructuring, wellmanaged marine protected areas, regulation and  
enforcement of reef resource exploitation, management of tourism and  
recreational activities, management of land-based activities and coastal  
development, coral reef ecosystem monitoring, mapping, database creation,  
and restoration. 
 
2.  Capacity building 
 
3.  Improved Scientific Understanding of Coral Reef Ecosystems 
 
Ask Peter Thomas, Coordinator, International Coral Reef Initiative  
(pthomas@state.gov) for a copy of: 
 
Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus, and M.D. Spalding 1995.  State of the Reefs:  
 Regional and Global Perspectives.  International Coral Reef Initiative  
Executive Secretariat Background Paper.  U.S. Department of State. 
 
There is also some useful information on the Philippines in this paper. 
 
Also see the latest edition (Spring 1996) of the Natural Resources  
Defense Council Amicus Journal.  On page 31 there is an article titled  
"Where is ecotourism going?  If ecotravel is booming, asks a  
photojournalist, how sustainable is it?" 
 
Best regards, 
 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. 
4254 Hungry Run Road 
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 26 16:48:34 1996 
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Date: Mon, 26 Feb 96 14:21:04 CST 
From: "Juan Pablo Carricart Ganivet" <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
Message-Id: <16905.jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
X-Minuet-Version: Minuet1.0_Beta_11 
X-POPMail-Charset: English 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: National Marine Park, Reef System of Veracruz 
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Dear Dr. Causey: 
 
Maybe you don't remember me, but I was with you on your last visit (June of  
1992) to Isla de Enmedio. I was working at Secretariat of Marine, in  
Veracruz, and now I'am in ECOSUR, here in Chetumal (since January of this  
year). 
 
The mooring buoys you refer, because of bureaucracy, were finaly installed  
along the reef tract of Isla Verde (in front of the Port of Veracruz). 
 
The environmental degradation of de coral reefs of the Reef System of  
Veracruz (RSV) is more evident every day. Suspended solids in the water  
column, sewage discharges, organic matter and pesticides supplied from the  
continent, and nutrient enrichment of the reefs waters, are the major  
troubles caused by anthropogenic impact. 
 
I know that Dr. Luis Sautto, Manager of CRIP-Veracruz, is working on the  
management plan for the RSV. You can contact him at (29) 31-44-37 (sorry I  
don't have his mailing address). 
 
On the other hand, what can I do to get a copy of your 1960 and 1992's  
videos? 
 
Many advanced thanks. 
 
Sincerely yours, 
 
Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet 
ECOSUR 
Apdo. Postal 424, 
Chetumal, Q. Roo. 77000. 
Mexico 
 
Tel: (983) 21666 
Fax: (983) 20447 
e-mail: jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Feb 26 21:22:37 1996 
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(EST) 
Date: Mon, 26 Feb 1996 21:02:51 -0500 (EST) 
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To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: Jason Hunter <jsh32@columbia.edu> 
Subject: Economic valuation of coral reefs 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Working with the International Coral Reef Initiative, we have been tasked to 
develop a study on the biological, political, and economic benefits of the 
proposed "Coral Reef Peace Park" in Aqaba Jordan. 
 
The primary focus of the study is on the economic valuation of Aqaba's coral 
reefs as they exist today, as well as projected net worth after tourist 
development. In order to assist us in our study we are kindly looking for 
the following information: 
 
- is there a ubiquitous method to determine diver capacity on a particular 
reef eco-system (outside of the method used by Dixon et al.); 
 
- what are the average expenditures by divers on a 6 day trip (including 
hotels, restaurants, etc.); 
 
- specific information on capacity, development plans, and the general 
diving tourist trade in Jordan, Israel and Egypt;    
 
- and following up on Edwina Dominguez message, any general data on the 
valuation of reefs from a eco-tourism perspective would be most helpful. 
 
Your assistance in this project would be of immense help. 
 
 
Thank you, 
 
Coral Reef Workshop 
School of International and Public Affairs 
Columbia University 
 
 
*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	 
Jason Hunter 
School of International and Public Affairs 
Columbia University	 
jsh32@columbia.edu 
http://www.columbia.edu/~jsh32/ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 27 10:50:22 1996 
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Date: Tue, 27 Feb 1996 10:20:55 -0500 
Message-Id: <199602271520.KAA27441@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: Ecotourism 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: <Richard.Luxmoore@wcmc.org.uk>, <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Dear Richard, 
 
Please put me on the mailing list for a copy of the Red Sea ecotourism  
study.  I'm helping the Kingdom of Jordan set up and manage the Red Sea  
Marine Peace Park and would find your study very interesting. 
 
PS.  Thanks for all your help with the maps for the International Coral  
Reef Initiative "State of the Reefs" Report.  They were great! 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. 
4254 Hungry Run Road 
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Feb 27 11:08:49 1996 
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Date: Tue, 27 Feb 1996 10:40:52 -0500 
Message-Id: <199602271540.KAA27550@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: Economic valuation of coral reefs 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Jason Hunter" <jsh32@columbia.edu>, <CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
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Dear Jason, 
 
Dr. Nanette Chadwick-Furman and her students are doing some interesting  
work on the correlation between scuba diving and physical damage to coral  
reefs in the Red Sea.  This along with other factors will be useful in  
determining carrying capacity.  Contact her at: 
 
Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences 
P.O. Box 469 
Eilat, Israel 
 
Tel:    7-360-101 
Fax:    7-374-329 
email:  furman@brosh.cc.biu.ac.il 
 
Also see: 
 
Riegl, B and B. Velimirov 1991.  How many damaged corals in Red Sea reef  
systems?  A quantitative survey.  Hydrobiologia 216/217:  249-256. 
 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. 
4254 Hungry Run Road 
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Feb 28 23:26:45 1996 
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Date: Thu, 29 Feb 1996 14:40:49 +1100 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: areichel@scu.edu.au (amanda reichelt) 
Subject: reference 
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Hello, 
Just wondering if anyone could help me.  I am looking for a refernce I 
found on the home page of the coral-list.  I would really appreciate it if 
someone may be able to help. 
 
Glynn, P.W.; Szmant, A.M.; Corcoran, E.F.; Cofer-Shabica, S.V. Condition of 
coral reef cnidarians from Byscayne National Park rref tract:Pesticides, 
heavy metals and histopathological examination. RES. RESOUR. MANAGEM REP. 
U.S. NATL. PARK. SERV. 1989. 36 pp. 
 
Thans in advance 
 
Mandy. 
 
_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_*-*_* 
Amanda Reichelt 
 
Centre for Coastal Management 
Southern Cross University 
PO Box 157 
Lismore NSW 2480 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Feb 29 16:01:58 1996 
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Date: Fri, 01 Mar 1996 09:26:56 +1300 
From: "Dr.C.L.McLay" <CML@zool.canterbury.ac.nz> 
Subject: Precious Coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Reply-to: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
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Organization: Zoology, University of Canterbury 
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    I have a record of a crab living on "precious coral (Corallium  
sp.)" taken from around 360m off Ohau, Hawaii. I wonder if someone  
could please tell me what is meant by "precious coral" and direct me  
to some references or pictures of these corals. Please forgive what  
is probably a very elementary question from a non-coral specialist. I  
find that the books on my shelves are of little use!  
 
Thanks, 
Dr Colin McLay 
Zoology Department 
Canterbury University 
PB 4800, Christchurch 
New Zealand. 
Tel: +64 3 364 2887 
FAX:   +64 3 364 2024 
email: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
WWW Home Page: http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/zool/cm.htm 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar  2 23:07:54 1996 
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Date: 02 Mar 96 22:39:10 EST 
From: Harry McCarty <73261.2212@compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Pathobiology Workshop 
Message-ID: <960303033910_73261.2212_FHO40-7@CompuServe.COM> 
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A workshop, "New Perspectives on Pathobiology of Coral Reef Organisms," 
will be presented at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, 24-29 June 
1996 in Panama City, Panama.  This one-day workshop will be held mid-week 
during the symposium and will provide a forum for education and 
communication in the field of pathobiology as it relates to the study of 
diseases in algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates of tropical marine 
ecosystems.  The workshop will consist of short presentations on diseases 
and research topics, hands-on discussion/demonstration sessions of methods 
and techniques in histopathology, microbiology, and parasitology, and a 
discussion on physical/chemical factors causing or mediating diseases in 
these organisms. 
 
To obtain a copy of the program and registration forms for the 8th 
International Coral Reef Symposium, please contact: 
 
    Maria Majela Brenes P., Convention Manager 
    Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 
    phone:   507-280354 
    fax:     507-280970 
    e-mail:  stri01.naos.brenesm@ic.si.edu 
 
To help plan the activities for the workshop, please provide the 
following information by March 16 to Esther Peters or Debbie Santavy 
(addresses at end).  If you know someone else who might wish to 
participate, please give them this form also. 
 
Name: 
 
Address: 
 
Phone:                   Fax:                 E-mail: 
 
Check one: 
 
     (   )  I am definitely planning to attend the workshop. 
 
     (   )  I am not yet sure I will be able to attend. 
 
           [Please let us know if your plans change] 
 
Are you interested in participating in a special discussion group? 
Please select one: 
 
   (   )  Histopathology   (   )  Microbiology   (   )  Parasitology 
 
Could you present a short (10 min) presentation on your research or a 
topic of interest?  If yes, please specify the topic: 
 
 
 
Do you have any other interests or concerns about research on diseases 
of tropical marine organisms that you think we should discuss at the 
workshop?  Please list: 
 
 
 
Thank you very much.  We look forward to seeing you in Panama! 
 
Esther Peters                     Deborah Santavy 
Tetra Tech, Inc.                  U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Lab 
10306 Eaton Place, Suite 340      1 Sabine Island Drive 
Fairfax, VA  22030                Gulf Breeze, FL  32361 USA 
phone:  703-385-6000              phone:  904-934-9358 
fax:    703-385-6007              fax:    904-934-9300 
e-mail:                           e-mail: 
     73261.2212@compuserve.com        dsantavy@gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  4 11:46:43 1996 
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Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 11:21:15 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Anne Cohen's Instrument Summary 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960304111710.14947A-100000@coral> 
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We have posted Anne Cohen's (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) summary 
of coral reef instrumented monitoring sites at our CHAMP Home Page (near 
the bottom of the page) at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov.  If you have any 
additions or corrections to her graphic, I'm sure she would be grateful, 
and we will update the graphic as soon as we can.  
 
Sincerely yours, 
 
Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  4 11:48:19 1996 
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Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 11:24:38 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Anne Cohen's e-mail 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960304112314.14971A-100000@coral> 
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Whoops, forgot to include Anne Cohen's e-mail address.  It is: 
 
	acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
 
Sincerely yours, 
 
Jim Hendee 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 11:21:15 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
To: coral-list@reef 
Subject: Anne Cohen's Instrument Summary 
 
 
We have posted Anne Cohen's (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute) summary 
of coral reef instrumented monitoring sites at our CHAMP Home Page (near 
the bottom of the page) at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov.  If you have any 
additions or corrections to her graphic, I'm sure she would be grateful, 
and we will update the graphic as soon as we can.  
 
Sincerely yours, 
 
Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  4 10:57:15 1996 
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Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 10:26:54 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Archives of coral-list 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960304102053.14821A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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Archives of posted coral-list messages may be found at the following URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/coral-list/coral-list.html 
 
This is one big file of all the messages, and is only meant to be a 
temporary fix until (if?) I come up with an automated system that will 
post each new message as it comes.  I should mention that the file is  
about 934K long and is best loaded via a Web Browser.  The best use out  
of this link would be to search for a particular topic after the file  
is loaded.  For instance, using your browser, you could search for the  
key word "spawn" or "bleach" to get to each message where these words  
are mentioned. 
 
Hope this helps. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar  4 21:31:23 1996 
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From: "JENNIFER WHEELER" <wheeler@zool.umd.edu> 
Organization: University of Maryland Zoology 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, conslink%sivm.BITNET@cunyvm.cuny.edu 
Date: Mon, 4 Mar 1996 21:05:45 +0500EST 
Subject: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade 
Priority: normal 
X-Mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.23) 
Message-Id: <7870A8D7681@zool.umd.edu> 
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I am undertaking research on the trade of coral reef organisms for  
aquariums as part of project to assist a Pacific island nation  
develop sustainable uses for its reefs.  The market for marine  
aquarium species is booming globally, and I am interested in  
determining if this market can be used to further the conservation of  
coral reefs rather than contribute to their demise. 
 
Questions: 
What information is available on the market (supply and demand) for  
coral reef organisms to be used in aquariums?  (International data  
important.) 
 
Is sustainable harvest of reef organisms possible?  Have levels been  
determined? 
How feasible Is mariculture to produce organisms for export? 
What are the implications (biological and financial) of the above  
approaches as compared to unregulated harvest? 
 
Any leads or information to assist me in my research would be  
appreciated.  Thank you. 
 
Jennifer Wheeler 
Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology program 
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 
wheeler@zool.umd.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar  5 08:55:58 1996 
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Date: Tue, 5 Mar 1996 08:25:11 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@manoa 
To: JENNIFER WHEELER <wheeler@zool.umd.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, conslink%sivm.BITNET@cunyvm.cuny.edu 
Subject: Re: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade 
In-Reply-To: <7870A8D7681@zool.umd.edu> 
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On Mon, 4 Mar 1996, JENNIFER WHEELER wrote: 
 
[ first and last parts deleted... ] 
 
> How feasible Is mariculture to produce organisms for export? 
> What are the implications (biological and financial) of the above  
> approaches as compared to unregulated harvest? 
 
To my mind, this is the best long-range solution, but with an initial high 
price tag.  As a former mariculturist of marine fishes, invertebrates and 
plants (macro and micro), I can testify that it is possible to raise many 
(but not all) of the species of value to the aquarium trade at this time.  
If a developing nation wants to adopt this strategy, it will have to:  
 
	a) Be prepared to invest "substantial" (i.e., hundreds of 
thousands to a million dollars) into basic research into the life cycle 
and disease etiology of new species it wants to culture and export; 
 
	b) Be prepared both financially and emotionally (!) to lose all of 
its cultured stocks overnight to disease, human error or natural 
catastrophes (e.g., storms), then start over again;  
 
	c) Hire the best and most experienced mariculturists it can.  
There are some basic precepts of mariculture that just can not be 
violated, and I have seen untrained culturists re-invent a tool or 
approach that doesn't work, and result in the demise of the operation.   
It's the same old adage--"You get what you pay for."  You can hire  
"bargain" personnel, only to be wiped out later because of a rudimentary  
mistake. 
 
	Hope this helps. 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar  5 09:45:12 1996 
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Date: Tue, 5 Mar 1996 09:16:34 -0500 
Message-Id: <199603051416.JAA20221@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: Coral reef organisms & the aquarium trade 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "JENNIFER WHEELER" <wheeler@zool.umd.edu>, <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov>, 
        <conslink%sivm.BITNET@cunyvm.cuny.edu> 
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Dear Jennifer, 
 
The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) State of the Reefs Report  
will give you a preliminary global and regional snapshot of the impacts  
of the aquarium trade on the health of coral reef ecosystems. 
 
Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus, and M.D. Spalding. 1995.  State of the  
Reefs:  Regional and Global Perspectives.  International Coral Reef  
Initiative Executive Secretariat Background Paper,  U.S. Departmenmt of  
State, Washington, D.C. 
 
Contact Dr. Peter Thomas, ICRI Coordinator (pthomas@state.gov) for a copy. 
 
Also,  in the early 1970's I did the pioneering research on the early  
life history of the giant clams to provide a basis for a large scale  
aquaculture and conservation program for Tridacna in the Indo-Pacific.   
Many people are now raising Tridacna to a small size and selling them for  
the aquarium trade (more profitable than for food).  Contact John McManus  
at the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management in  
Manila (iclarm@cgnet.com) for more information on Tridacna culture for  
the aquarium trade. 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  6 07:49:03 1996 
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Date: Wed, 6 Mar 1996 07:18:58 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
cc: bhoffman@deltanet.com, bk2j@musicb.mcgill.ca 
Subject: Coral Reef Restoration 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960306070426.22510A-100000@wave> 
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The following posting to the marine biology list-server regarding coral  
transplantation and reef restoration may be of interest to the coral-list: 
 
Date:    Mon, 4 Mar 1996 16:52:52 -0800 
From:    Bob Hoffman <bhoffman@deltanet.com> 
Subject: Re: coral reef transplantation 
 
Richard F. Ambrose wrote: 
> 
> In article <4hfbcq$fh1@sifon.cc.mcgill.ca> bk2j@musicb.mcgill.ca writes: 
> >From: bk2j@musicb.mcgill.ca 
> >Subject: coral reef transplantation 
> >Date: 4 Mar 1996 18:05:14 GMT 
> 
> >Does anybody know anything about feasability of coral reef  
transplantation. 
Any comments/references would be appreciated. 
> 
> There's an article in the most recent issue of Restoration Ecology that  
deals 
> with this: 
> 
> Rinkevich, B.  1995.  Restoration strategies for coral reefs damaged by 
> recreational activities:  the use of sexual and asexual recruits. 
Restoration 
> Ecology 3:  241-251. 
 
You may want to get in contact with John Naughton with the National 
Marine Fisheries Service in Honolulu.  He is involved in coral transplant 
project somewhere in Pacific Islands.  His email address is 
john_naughton@ssp.nmfs.gov. 
 
Bob Hoffman 
NMFS, Long Beach, CA 
bob_hoffman@ssp.nmfs.gov 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  6 08:03:04 1996 
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Date: Wed, 6 Mar 1996 07:44:36 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Returned coral-list e-mail addresses 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960306073906.2470A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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Sorry for the extra bandwidth, but the following e-mail addresses of  
coral-list subscribers have been continuously returned by the  
list-server as bad addresses.  If you happen to recognize any of these  
and could offer a new address or other enlightenment, I'd appreciate  
your help (and so might they!). 
 
	Cheers... 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	Coral-List Administrator 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
mmoore@violet.berkeley.edu 
Madeline.G@eworld.com 
jutro.p@epamail.epa.gov 
carvis@icarus.state.gov 
william_peterson@ssp.nmfs.gov 
ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk 
oceano%ceniai@igc.orgau 
geobjkj@npd.uff.br 
Ross.Jones@jcu.edu.au 
tapled1@mail.auburn.edu 
lara@cicese.mx 
j_pandolfi@aims.gov.au 
path@amsg.austmus.oz.au 
lbecker@zool.umd.edu 
rbradley@climate1.geo.umass.edu 
spater@cb.uga.edu 
slowey@ocean.tamu.edu 
scoats@co.pinellas.fl.us 
nreyns@ic.sunysb.edu 
cbcmnrj@omega.lncc.br 
Sehested@dk-online.dk 
orion@speedy.coacade.uv.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  6 09:31:33 1996 
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Date: Wed, 6 Mar 1996 09:12:48 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960306091139.2597A-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message from Walt Jaap: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 06 Mar 1996 07:23:55 -0500 (EST) 
From: Walt, Jaap <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply 
 
 
The Soto Reef Restoration project at Grand Cayman currently working on 
the 8th week has transplanted about 600 corals, moved ten tons of rubble 
and replaced large coral heads weighing in excess of 6000 lbs.  The crew 
has in excess of 4000 hours under water.  We are using Liquid Rock epoxy 
to attach corals back on the reef.  Restoration will be finiished in 
about two weeks.  At that point we will have transplanted approximately 
2500 corals.  We will be glad to share our insights with those that are 
interested.  W. Jaap, J. Morelock.  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar  6 12:09:09 1996 
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	id AA13892; Wed, 6 Mar 96 09:42:58 MST 
Date: Wed, 6 Mar 96 09:42:57 MST 
Message-Id: <9603061642.AA13892@physics.arizona.edu> 
From: "Warren Beck"  <wbeck@physics.arizona.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: remove name 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Please remove my address from the coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov server.  I no  
longer wish to receive messages from this list. 
 
Warren Beck 
 
Warren Beck 
NSF AMS Facility 
Department of Physics 
University of Arizona 
Bldg. #81 
Tucson, AZ   85721 
Phone: 520-621-4277 
Fax:520-621-9619 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  7 08:25:20 1996 
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	 id IAA04221; Thu, 7 Mar 1996 08:01:38 -0500 
Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 08:01:38 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Discontinued C-MAN postings 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960307075837.4188E-100000@coral> 
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The daily posting of Coast-Marine Automated Network data will be 
temporarily discontinued.  We hope to be able to present them again 
soon.  If you have a use for these data, please drop a line so I can get 
an idea of who uses them and for what purpose.  
 
Many thanks... 
 
	Take care, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  7 17:46:51 1996 
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Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 17:08:34 -0500 
Message-Id: <199603072208.RAA05887@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Coral Health and Monitoring Program" <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Walter, 
 
I'd be very interested in hearing your insights regarding the Soto Reef  
project.  Do you plan any follow up studies on survival rates?  Please  
drop me a line when you get a chance. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  7 17:48:32 1996 
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Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 17:15:07 -0500 
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Subject: Re: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Coral Health and Monitoring Program" <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Walter, 
 
I'd very much like to hear your insights from the Soto Reef project.  Do  
you plan any follow-up survival studies?  Drop me a line when you get a  
chance. 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar  7 20:55:47 1996 
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Date: Thu, 7 Mar 1996 20:36:53 -0500 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
Subject: Information request for Barclay's Park, Barbados 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Hello, 
 
I am interested in any information about Barclay's Park, Barbados.  I  
would especially welcome any comments from divers who may know the area.  I 
have  
surfed the Net and the only information I presently have on the locale  
is it is a 50 acre park and swimming can be dangerous.  During my Net poking 
about I did discover that a surprising number of papers had been written 
about eutrophication in Barbados water.   
 
I need to know a lot more than this.  I would appreciate any feedback on the 
condition of corals and ocean in and around Barclay's Park, please. 
 
 
Aloha and best 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  8 07:28:15 1996 
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Message-Id: <m0tv0pS-0002MEC@sepia.nioz.nl> 
Comments: Authenticated sender is <gjgast@nioz.nl> 
From: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 12:59:25 +0000 
Subject: Sending replies 
X-Confirm-Reading-To: "Gert Jan Gast" <gjgast@nioz.nl> 
X-pmrqc: 1 
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Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Hello all, 
 
This:  
> Dear Walter, 
>  
> I'd very much like to hear your insights from the Soto Reef project.  Do  
> you plan any follow-up survival studies?  Drop me a line when you get a  
> chance. 
>  
>  
>  
> Best regards, 
>  
> Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
> Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
> 4254 Hungry Run Road  
> The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
> 703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
> Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
>  
is an example of mail meant for one person that was sent to over 
500 people. That is unnecessary loading of many E-mail boxes. Could 
all of you please pay attention to the address your mail application chooses 
when you click "reply"? In other words: please only send to the  
coral-list when you want your message to appear on >500 computer  
screens. That would make live a bit easier for all of us. Thanks in advance. 
 
Nice weekend to all of you!  
 
 
Gert Jan Gast <gjgast@NIOZ.NL> 
Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 
Department of Marine Ecology 
P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, The Netherlands. 
Phone: 31 (0)222 369573. Fax: 31 (0)222 319674. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  8 08:34:34 1996 
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From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral 
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9603081346.A@pc-esf.ukc.ac.uk> 
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) 
Priority: NORMAL 
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To anybody 
 
 
Does anybody knows anything about the effects to  coral by fishing (or  
overfishing)  in a particular area of the world.   
At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University  
(Canterbury U.K) there is not much information.  I would be most grateful  
if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. 
 
Thanks 
 
William Moreno 
 
Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology 
wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 10 13:05:15 1996 
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 10 Mar 1996 09:49 -0800 (PST) 
Resent-date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 09:49 -0800 (PST) 
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 09:49:45 -0800 (PST) 
From: Joshua Craig <jc13@axe.humboldt.edu> 
Subject: Fish Forums? 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I am enjoying the range of topics on this bulletin board.  Are there any  
similar forums for information exchange about tropical marine fishes,  
especially reef fishes? 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 10 00:39:04 1996 
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From: C_WILKINSON@aims.gov.au 
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 id <01I26ET646AU8WW0HS@AIMS.GOV.AU>; Sun, 10 Mar 1996 15:16:06 +1000 
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 15:16:06 +1000 
Subject: Coral Bleaching in PNG region 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <01I26ET64FY08WW0HS@AIMS.GOV.AU> 
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The following was sent to me by John Rewald, Motupore Research  
Station in PNG dated 07-MAR-96. 
A sig. area from S of Normanby Island through Cape Vogel, and to  
Tufi is suffering from coral bleaching over the past 3 weeks,  
extending down to 20 m. Bleaching in shallow water is most  
extensive - almost 100% in some areas, including soft corals and  
anemones. Water temps have been 29 to 30 deg. C during DEC for  
past 2 months. This is the longest recalled period of warm water  
in Milne Bay province - weather also calm and skies relatively  
clear. Reefs N of Normanby/Fergusson Ids are not affected to any  
degree though signs are there. Corals appear live at the moment  
with patches of dead coral and beginning of algal growth. I will  
be monitoring bleaching over next 5 weeks.  
These are observations from Bob Halstead, operator of dive boat  
Telita and he requests advice from scientists as to what he  
should observe. Please contact Rewald on jrewald@peg.apc.org 
(note: no dates and precise locations provided and Rewald is  
currently travelling to Australia - good luck) 
Clive Wilkinson 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 06:08:29 1996 
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From: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date:          Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 
Subject:       diversity indexes 
Priority: normal 
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Dear all, 
I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two  
areas, using a video camera. 
What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly,  
diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
Sorry for any duplication! 
 
-- 
amorim 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar  8 12:04:25 1996 
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From: prtaylor@nsf.gov 
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	id AA826309874; Fri, 08 Mar 96 10:19:17 EST 
Date: Fri, 08 Mar 96 10:19:17 EST 
Message-Id: <9602088263.AA826309874@xrelay.nsf.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: ewild@nsf.gov, prtaylor@nsf.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Activities -- U.S. National Science Foundation 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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To anyone interested:   
 
The attach file outlines many research and related projects that were  
supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation in Fiscal Year 1995  
as part of the U. S.Coral Reef Initiative and its contribution to the  
International Coral Reef Initiative. 
 
 
Phil Taylor 
Division of Ocean Sciences 
U. S. National Science Foundation 
4201 Wilson Blvd. 
Arlington, Virginia 22230   USA 
prtaylor@nsf.gov 
703-306-1587 
 
 
 
 
To anyone interested:   
 
The attach file outlines many research and related projects that were supported by the U. S. National Science 
Foundation in Fiscal Year 1995 as part of the U. S.Coral Reef Initiative and its contribution to the International Coral 
Reef Initiative. 
 
 
Phil Taylor 
Division of Ocean Sciences 
U. S. National Science Foundation 
4201 Wilson Blvd. 
Arlington, Virginia 22230   USA 
prtaylor@nsf.gov 
703-306-1587 
 
3/8/96 
********************************************** 
 
Population Biology of Caribbean Octocorals 
Daniel Brazeau, University of Florida 
 
Fertilization success among sessile, marine invertebrates is a largely unknown variable bridging those factors which 
field ecologists can measure (fecundity, organism size, population abundance) and one often difficult to estimate 
(reproductive success). Using the Caribbean octocoral Baiareum asbestinum as a model animal, this project will 
examine temporal and spatial variation in reproductive success for male and female colonies. The research will test 
the specific prediction that female fertilization success is directly proportional to the nearby abundance male colonies. 
This information is crucial for understanding the abundance and growth of invertebrate populations in coral reef 
ecosystems and will provide important information for the successful restoration and management of coral reefs 
worldwide.  
 
 
 
The Role of Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates in Marine Plankton Dynamics: Growth, Grazing Behavior and 
Bioluminescence 
Edward Buskey, University of Texas Austin 
 
This study will examine the effects of food quantity and quality on the growth, feeding and bioluminescence of 
several species of Protoperidinium. Selective feeding of these pallium, feeding dinoflagellates (which capture large 
food particles extracellualarly) and the role of sensory perception in this selection process will also be examined. In 
addition, the study will determine the abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the western Gulf of Mexico, and 
examine the relationship between growth rate and bioluminescence capacity for field collected Protoperidinium 
incubated at ambient food concentrations.  
 
 
 
Hydrodynamic Forcing of Metabolism of Coral Reef Algal Communities 
Robert Carpenter, California State University Northridge 
and 
Susan Williams, San Diego State University 
 
The current paradigm explaining how coral reefs maintain high biomass of organisms and extremely high rates of 
gross primary productivity is that tight recycling of nutrients and organic matter occurs within the reef resulting in 
zones of net autotrophy alternating with zones of net heterotrophy. Autotrophic upstream communities are thought to 
support downstream heterotrophic assemblages with the overall balance resulting in ecosystem P/R ratios near unity. 
According to this paradigm, coral reefs are not coupled significantly to the surrounding oligotrophic ocean. Recent 
studies suggest that coral reefs may be much more dependent on hydrodynamic processes than currently believed. 
Although nutrient concentrations of tropical waters are very low, an enormous volume of water is advected across the 
reef and could result in a large flux of nutrients to benthic primary producers. The major upstream autotrophic zone is 
the reef flat where algal turf assemblages are responsible for the majority of primary productivi 
ty. Previous work has demonstrated that rates of primary productivity and nitrogen fixation of algal turf are affected 
significantly by water flow speed. Furthermore, flow measurements on one reef suggest that algal canopy height 
significantly alters the local hydrodynamic regime and as a result, metabolic processes of algal turfs may be diffusion-
limited for a significant proportion of time. This project will test the hypothesis that rates of primary productivity and 
nitrogen fixation of coral reef algal turfs are diffusion-limited. Measurements of the flow environment on a reef flat 
will be made and used to estimate the degree to which algal turfs varying in canopy height are diffusion-limited. The 
project will then move on to test hypotheses about the specific factors that result in diffusion- limitation. The results 
of this project should fill a gap on empirical measurements of water flow in coral reef environments and how water 
flow affects algal metabolism. The results of this research may lead to a si 
gnificant paradigm shift in understanding how coral reefs function. Demonstration that reefs are open ecosystems that 
are strongly coupled to the surrounding ocean environment would have important implications for predictions of the 
effects of global climate change on these unique ecosystems.  
 
 
 
Population and Community Dynamics of Corals:  A Long Term Study. 
Joseph  Connell, University of California, Santa Barbara 
 
The objectives of the present project are several: 1) To extend the detailed long-term monitoring of ecological 
communities of corals and algae on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia which has been carried on continuously over the 
past 30 years, the longest such study on any coral reef; 2) to expand the study to include sites on two nearby reefs, 
and additional replicate sites on Heron Reef; 3) to analyze spatial patterns and dynamics of corals and algae at several 
scales, from centimeters to tens of meters, both during the course of colonization of patches (opened by disturbances) 
and after most of the surface has become crowded by many colonies. These analyses should reveal the long-term 
effects of interactions that may be crucial in determining how natural communities are structured; 4) to test with 
controlled field experiments some hypotheses about mechanisms: a) that produce the unique species composition of 
corals at the Inner Reef Flat site, b) that cause contrasting patterns of algae after disturbances 
, and c) that determine precisely how each colony affects its neighbors; 5) to build mathematical models and computer 
simulations of the dynamics of these populations and communities of corals and algae: a) to investigate the influence 
of past and present conditions on future changes, b) to characterize temporal and spatial dynamics, and c) to test 
hypotheses about the consequences of these dynamics to the community. The models will be also used to asses the 
degree to which community structure and dynamics may or may not be influenced by details of spatial relationships. 
The field methods will use the standard sampling techniques used over the past 30 years, to assure continuity in the 
long-term data base. The experimental methods, using coral transplanting and cages to exclude larger herbivores, 
have also been used before in this study and are well- established. Larval choice experiments and new recruit 
transplants have been carried out successfully by the co- investigators elsewhere on the Great Barrier Re 
ef.. The significance of this proposed research to the advancement of knowledge is that: 1) it deepens the general 
knowledge of how natural communities of corals and algae (the dominant sessile organisms on tropical and sub-
tropical reefs), are assembled and structured in the face of changes in their environment over extended periods of 
time; 2) it reveals some of the mechanisms that link the environment with these community changes, and how both 
vary over short and long time periods and between small and larger spatial scales; and 3) it helps to predict the effect 
of environmental changes, including those caused by human activity, on these natural communities.  
 
 
 
Grazer Diversity and Ecosystem Function in Seagrass Beds 
J. Emmett Duffy, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science 
 
One of most pervasive and irreversible effects of environmental change wrought by human activity is the reduction in 
species diversity on local and global scales. The consequences of declining for ecosystem function remain largely 
unquantified and unpredictable. The loss of species in low diversity but high recruitment environments, like 
estuaries, may severely alter production levels and trophic transfers. This research will involve a series of mesocosm 
experiments to test the effects of invertebrate grazer species on: 1) the structure of eelgrass communities, particularly 
the algal epiphytes, 2) functional processes within the eelgrass ecosystem, especially primary and secondary 
production, vascular detritus processing, and organic matter export to underlying sediment, and 3) the responses of 
the plants to nutrient enrichment. The results of this work are likely to provide the first experimental evidence about 
the roles of mesograzers in shallow water vegetation communities, including their individual and  
collective effects on community structure and function.  
 
 
 
Ribosomal DNA Sequences in Marine Yeasts:  A Model for Identification and Quantification of Marine Eukaryotes 
Jack Fell, University of Miami, Rosensteil School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences 
 
Using molecular techniques for rapid and accurate determination of community structure, this research will determine 
fungal biodiversity and population biomass in tropical caostal ecosystems (principally mangrove ecosystems) of two 
distinctly different groups of micro-fungi: the basidiomycetous yeasts and the oomycetous genus Halophythophora. 
Both groups have important roles in detrital based food webs. The research program will include laboratory and field 
studies. Laboratory studies will complete the data bank of know species as a basis for determining community 
structure in the field. New procedures will be developed with preliminary emphasis on quantitative PCR (QPCR) 
using laser detected infrared labeled primers. Field research will center on reef and mangrove habitats. Using a 
combination of classical microbial techniques and molecular methods, the community structure and relative 
abundance of known and unknown culturable fungi species will be determined. The identity of these species will be 
ascertain 
ed by automated DNA sequence analysis and nucleotide alignment with the data bank. Species-specific regions will 
be located and primers developed to test the accuracy and sensitivity of PCR techniques in estimating community 
structure. Through the use of PCR and QPCR, the occurrence of unculturable species and population densities will be 
estimated. The techniques developed in this research can be applied to population analyses of other micro- or macro-
eukaryote communities.  
 
 
 
Bleaching of Symbiotic Algae (Zooxanthellae) and their Invertebrate Hosts: Causes and Mechanisms 
William Fitt, University of Georgia 
 
Bleaching, the loss of symbiotic dinoflagellates("zooxanthellae" hereafter) of their pigments, of reef corals and other 
invertebrates has become a world-wide problem in tropical marine ecosystem, linked by some researchers to global 
warming. The results of bleaching have potentially devastating environmental, ecological and economic effects in the 
Caribbean, IndoPacific, an other tropical marine areas. Though there is some experimental work showing 
involvement of both higher than average temperature and light, the mechanisms involved in bleaching are not well 
understood this project will test three hypotheses. 1. Bleaching in nature is caused by high temperature stress coupled 
with high energy blue light (and possibly UV-A between 380-400nm). Preliminary evidence shows that while high 
temperature alone will induce bleaching, natural light exposure during high temperature treatment exacerbates the 
effect by lowering the temperature threshold and time to bleaching at a given temperature. this study will determ 
ine which component of light is responsible for this effect and the mechanisms of action. Early theories on bleaching 
had light playing a major role, but experimental evidence has not yet supported this contention. Potentially harmful 
chemical alterations associated with high energy wavelengths of blue light (and possibly some near-blue wavelengths 
of UV-A, that are not adsorbed by UV-protecting pigments found in corals) are not only consistent with field 
observations of bleaching, but are also supported by both laboratory and field-based preliminary experiments. 2. The 
mechanisms of temperature-light induced bleaching involves the irreversible dissociation of the chlorophyll-protein 
associations in the chloroplast. The harmful effects of high temperatures and light on algae include the irreversible 
separation or inactivation of the chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with reaction centers in the chloroplast. 
Electron transport activity and eventually carbon fixation decrease markedly. 3. High light and 
 temperatures cause decreases in "protective" pigments which absorb ultraviolet light. The role of different 
wavelengths of light in conjunction with high temperature in determining concentrations of UV- screening pigments 
will be determined as well as their relationship with photosynthetic rates. These hypotheses will be tested using 
cultured and freshly isolated zooxanthellae, and intact hosts both in the laboratory and in field-based experiments.  
 
 
 
El Nino Impacted Coral Reefs In The Tropical Eastern Pacific Secondary Disturbances, Recovery and Modeling of 
Population and Community Responses. 
Peter Glynn, University of Miami Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences 
 
This research will continue a long-term study that has focused on ecological disturbances to eastern Pacific coral reefs 
that accompanied the sever and historically unprecedented 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The study 
involves international collaboration with host- county research teams and primary field sites in Costa Rica, Panama, 
and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), areas heavily impacted by the 1982-83 ENSO. Dr. Glynn will lead the research 
to continue (a) with the physical and biotic monitoring of eastern Pacific coral reefs initiated in the early-mid 1970s, 
(b) investigating the responses of different coral species to ENSO stressors, (c) studying coral reproductive ecology as 
it relates to recruitment success, and (d) documenting coral community recovery. New research directions include (e) 
remote sensing, which will attempt to link coral bleaching/mortality with local and global scale sea surface 
temperatures by means of synoptic and repeated measurements, and (f) modeling of coral pop 
ulation and community dynamics based on mechanistic relationships between temperature, predation, coral growth, 
and survivorship derived from field monitoring and experimental results. Because important secondary disturbances 
are still occurring and reef recovery has been slow, it is necessary to continue this study in order to understand the 
variety of changes involved and the full impact of a major disturbance on eastern Pacific coral survival and reef 
building. We are hopeful that ENSO warming disturbances can provide some insight to the probable changes in coral 
reefs worldwide if projected global warming causes repeated and/or protracted sea temperature increases comparable 
to the 1982-83 ENSO.  
 
 
 
Quantitative Aspects of Prey Chemical Defenses 
Mark Hay, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill 
 
This project will extend the PI's current investigations on chemical mediation of seaweed-herbivore and invertebrate-
predator interactions to include: (1) complex interactions of prey nutritional value with chemical and structural prey 
defenses, (2) an understanding of how larval and spore defenses differ from those of the adult, and why (exposure to 
different consumers?, increased exposure to UV without adult structures that provide shade?, etc.), and (3) the role of 
learned aversion by vertebrate versus invertebrate consumers in affecting both prey and consumer dynamics. Because 
benthic seaweeds and invertebrates play a trophically and ecologically important role in tropical and sub-tropical 
near-shore communities and are rich sources of novel secondary metabolites that function as defenses against 
consumers and have potential applications as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and growth regulating substances, 
understanding how these organisms respond chemically to ecological and environmental threats can pro 
vide fundamental information about how marine systems function, and can suggest strategies for applied uses of 
marine natural products.  
 
 
 
Broadcast Spawning and the Population Ecology of Coral Reef Animals 
Howard Lasker, State University of New York, Buffalo 
 
The literature on marine benthic ecology and evolution has generally ignored fertilization rates as an important factor 
in the life histories of benthic species, many which are important resource species. These rates have implicitly been 
assumed to be uniformly high and thus not a terribly significant factor in the establishment of the adult populations. 
There are now a number of data sets which raise doubts about the validity of that assumption. The research will 
determine rates of fertilization among natural populations and will explore some of the factors controlling these rates 
in reef communities. Using the Caribbean gorgonian, Plexaura A, as a model system Drs. Lasker and Coffroth will 
determine rates of fertilization of eggs released in synchronous spawning events. Plexaura A is clonal and often has 
skewed ratios of male and female colonies on different reefs. This will enable comparison of rates from reefs which 
differ in current regime and in the density of male colonies. Using random amplified poly 
morphic DNA (RAPD) from individual planulae larvae, they will conduct paternity analyses, determine the 
proportion of fertilizations attributable to specific male clones, and determine the effects of clone size and 
distribution on fertilization. If rates are low and are affected by factors such as population density, then it will be 
necessary to incorporate fertilization rates in analyses of benthic population animal dynamics and evolution.  
 
 
 
The Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Symbiotic Cnidarians: Action Spectra, Sites of Damage, and Bleaching 
Michael Lesser, University of New Hampshire 
 
The decrease of the stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in an increase in the amount of harmful ultraviolet 
radiation reaching both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Recent data indicates that this phenomenon will also affect 
tropical ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems have a long evolutionary history of exposure to fluxes of UV radiation, and 
can provide considerable insight into evolved mechanisms of protection against the deleterious effects of UV 
radiation. We presently do not know with confidence the wave length-dependent efficiency (action spectrum) of UV 
radiation for any physiological function in symbiotic cnidarians. Widespread coral bleaching events have recently 
been observed following anomolously high sea surface temperatures around the world. If UV radiation synergistically 
interacts with increased sea water temperatures, action spectra will be required to predict what dose of UV radiation 
can induce bleaching, with or without an increase in sea water temperature. An important step in understa 
nding the bleaching phenomenon is to determine the independent and synergistic effects of temperature, visible 
radiation, and UV radiation on the functional biology of symbiotic associations.  
 
 
 
A Facility for Research and Education at the Caribbean Marine Research Center, Lee Stocking Island Marine Field 
Station. 
Romuald Lipcius, College of William & Mary, Virginia Institute of Marine Science 
 
The Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) is one of six National Undersea Research Centers. CMRC's marine 
field station on Lee Stocking Island (LSI) in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas comprises 28 buildings, a 915-meter airstrip, 
nine research vessels, wet and dry submersibles, and recompression chamber and an underwater habitat. The station 
affords access to a pristine marine environment with a diverse array of tropical habitats including shallow and deep 
coral reefs, grassbeds, sand flats, mangroves, submerged carbonate terraces, subsea caves, blue holes, tidal channels 
and stromatolites, a unique bio-geological feature. During 1993, 131 visiting scientists and students conducted 
research in the fields of benthic ecology, invertebrate biology, fisheries ecology, oceanography, coral reef ecology, 
paleo-oceanography, macroalgal ecology, aquaculture, global climate change, coral bleaching and marine geology. In 
addition, a limited number of field courses and workshops were held at LSI. However, the station is hinde 
red by a paucity of accommodations for visiting scientists, and the lack of a suitable lecture and workshop facility, 
which prevents CMRC from meeting numerous requests to conduct field courses, workshops and research. The 
proposed partnership between CMRC, The College of William & Mary (W&M), and NSF would significantly 
enhanced the utility of one of the most productivity marine field stations in the Caribbean. Specifically this project 
will provide for the construction of a dormitory and lecture/workshop building at LSI. Key contributions by CMRC 
include property for the facility, support services, and administrative framework for coordination of activities, and 
maintenance of the building over the facility's lifetime.  
 
 
 
Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis and Release of Glycerol by Zooxanthellae 
Leonard Muscatine, University of California Los Angeles 
 
One of the most intriguing, and enigmatic phenomena in the field of coral reef ecology is the symbiotic relationship 
between the coral polyp and the nutrient producing dinoflagellate that it hosts. This relationship is the key feature in 
the stability of coral reefs and many of the organisms which reside there. The objective of this project is to study the 
translocation of carbon from symbiotic dinoflagellates to the coral host cells. This will be achieved by a revolutionary 
approach to studying this relationship, by artificially altering the biochemical carbon pathways, and evaluating the 
subsequent metabolism of the coral polyp and the photosynthetic capacities of the dinoflagellates. This shall give us 
new insights on the nutritional relationship between the two. Dr. Muscatine has a string of success with prior NSF 
awards and is at the forefront in this field of study. His project will help to achieve two objectives: 1) further 
contribute to our understanding of the role of coral symbioses, which could po 
tentially have biotechnological value, and 2) provide another opportunity for collaborative work with Russian 
scientist in U.S. laboratories.  
 
 
 
Housing Facility for Visiting Scientists Award 
Valerie Paul, University of Guam 
 
The University of Guam Marine Laboratory will build a housing facility for accommodating visiting researchers 
including visiting graduate students. The 2000 sq ft building will contain three bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a kitchen, 
and a living area for dormitory style accommodations and a separate suite with two bedrooms, one bath, and a kitchen 
for an apartment style unit. Earlier support allowed the university to complete the architectural and engineering plans 
for this building. Such a facility is considered extremely important because 1) the institution is in an isolated 
academic environment and visiting investigators are a valuable resource for interactions and new ideas, and 2) 
skyrocketing rents and a serious housing shortage combine to make it difficult to impossible to find adequate lodging 
for visitors staying less than 6 months. The University of Guam Laboratory supports the research of 8 full-time 
faculty, numerous graduate and undergraduate students, as well as visiting investigators. The research dem 
ands on facility have increased due to the addition of new faculty at the laboratory, the recent establishment of 
collaborative programs between the Marine Laboratory and the University of Hawaii and the University of the 
Ryukyus (Okinawa, Japan), and the awareness of the Marine Laboratory as a resource for coral reef research by over 
550 scientists who attended the 7th International Coral Reef Symposium on Guam in June 1992. The new building 
will allow the support of increasing numbers of visiting scientists that wish to conduct research at the laboratory , 
which will in turn enhance the research environment.  
 
 
 
Assessing the Chemical Defenses of Caribbean Sponges 
Joseph Pawlik, University of North Carolina Wilmington 
 
Sponges are important components of benthic marine communities, particularly on coral reefs. Organic extracts of 
their tissues have yielded a wealth of unusual chemical compounds that are not known to be involved in primary 
metabolism. These secondary metabolites have a diversity of pharmacological effects in laboratory assays, but it is 
unclear why sponges produce them. The most commonly held theory is that these compounds are distasteful to 
potential predators. The proposed research will provide an assessment of the chemical defenses of Caribbean demo 
sponges, a group whose taxonomy and chemistry is fairly well described. The investigation will proceed within a 
theoretical framework established by previous research on the chemical ecology of terrestrial plants and marine algae. 
Overall, this research project represents the first systematic investigation of the chemical defenses of tropical marine 
sponges. The results will be useful in judging the general applicability of optimal defense theories based on s 
tudies of terrestrial ecosystems.  
 
 
 
On the Abundance, Dynamics and Regulation of Damselfish Populations 
Russell Schmitt and Sally Holbrook, University of California Santa Barbara 
 
The aim of the work is to understand the dynamics and regulation of structured, open populations, which typify most 
marine reef fishes and invertebrates. While there is broad agreement among ecologists that attributes of populations 
are shared by more than an single process (e.g., availability of propagules, competition within and between life 
stages, competition with other species, predation), there remains considerable disagreement regarding their relative 
importance. There also is some confusion about what roles various processes have in producing dynamics; few 
empirical workers have distinguished between processes that regulate populations (i.e., bound fluctuations) as 
opposed to those that cause variation around the mean abundance. An enormous amount is known about the caused of 
fluctuations in abundance of reef organisms, but very little is known about what regulates their populations. This 
work will contribute in several key ways to understanding the general issue of dynamics and regulation. It is one 
 of the first comprehensive, pluralistic evaluations of reef fishes that will distinguish effects of processes on 
regulation and on variation. Second, it will use for the first time operational definitions and analytical protocols for 
quantitative assessments of the relative importance of various processes. As such, the research could yield standard 
approaches and procedures to address relative importance. Third, the application of infrared video technology enables 
the exploration of little studied but crucial processes of settlement and early mortality.  
 
 
 
Zooplankton Capture by Corals: Effects of Water Movement and Prey Escape 
Kenneth Sebens and Jennifer Purcell, University of Maryland 
 
Information on water flow in coral reef environments has generally been done to quantify mass transport across reefs 
or to identify important processes generating nutrient flux from reefs. This project will investigate the effects of water 
flow on several aspects of the feeding biology of corals. Field measurements of feeding rates on four species of corals 
will be made with prey sampling by an automated pump/sampler and field flume that allows concurrent 
measurements of water flow and prey availability. Feeding experiments will be manipulated by varying flow rate, 
prey type, and food availability and will be conducted over several days with different flow conditions. Capture 
events and prey type, and food availability and will be conducted over several days with different flow conditions. 
Capture events and prey escape behavior will be filmed using underwater video. Another important aspect of feeding 
biology in coral reefs is the small scale water flow around corals in the field. This will be accomplished  
with three self- contained underwater thermistors flowmeters with 2 mm spatial resolution, based on the design of 
LaBarber and Vogel (1976). The data collected will be used to characterize the general flow regime at the site, 
providing new information about the flow environment of coral reefs in Jamaica and other sites in the Caribbean.  
 
 
 
Marine Biotechnology Fellowship:  Natural Products from Common Shallow-water Soft Corals of Guam: 
Reproductive Considerations 
Marc Slattery, University of Mississippi (Formerly at University of Guam) 
 
This research project will utilize analytical chemical techniques to evaluate the importance of secondary metabolites 
and steroids in the reproduction of 3 species of soft corals from Guam. This project builds on ongoing research which 
has identified and examined the importance of secondary metabolites, organic extracts, and morphological defenses in 
soft coral predator deterrence. This project will extract, isolate, and determine the structures of new secondary 
metabolites in adult colonies and their eggs. Temporal changes in concentrations of these compounds will be 
correlated with reproductive indices to assess the role of the compounds in maturation and spawning. Standard 
bioassays will be conducted to guide isolation of bioactive compounds and to determine the importance of isolated 
natural products in egg release, sperm chemotaxis, and feeding deterrence. Novel compounds identified in this project 
will expand upon a growing database of metabolites that can be used as chemotaxonomic markers and will be  
incorporated into existing pharmacological programs. Additionally, this project will contribute significant in sights 
into the reproductive biology and chemical ecology of the common soft corrals on the shallow reefs surrounding 
Guam.  
 
 
 
The Physiology of Sclerochronology: Mechanism and Variation in Formation of High Density Bands in the Massive 
Coral Montastrea Annularis 
Alina Szmant and Peter Swart, University of Miami, Rosensteil School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences;  
Richard Dodge, Nova University and James Porter, University of Georgia 
 
High density (HD) bands mark annual cycles of growth in X- radiographs of reef coral skeletons and presumably form 
due to physiological response to seasonal cycles of temperature and light. However, the mechanism of formation has 
not been established for any coral. The HD band is usually used to define the annual band, and thus understanding its 
formation, and the controls on variability in its timing is important. In the research, a conceptual model of how 
density bands form, based on physiological and morphological data obtained with earlier NSF funding, is will be 
developed. Four specific aspects of the work will include: (1) development of a mechanistic mathematical model for 
the formation of the HD band of Montastrea annularis, a major coral used in paleoclimate work; (2) conducting an in 
situ experiment to test the validity of the model; (3) evaluation of the genetic vs. environmental components of 
variation in time of formation of the HD band; and (4) assessment of the variation among corals in the re 
lationship between HD bands and stable isotope profiles. This study will provide the type of environmental 
physiological data needed for the precise use of coral density bands for paleoclimatology.  
 
 
 
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Biology of Caribbean Reef Corals 
Gerard Wellington, University of Houston 
 
Recent studies indicate that ultraviolet radiation can penetrate to considerable depths on tropical reefs. Persistent 
high levels of UV penetration, resulting from extended periods of calm sea conditions, have been shown to induce 
stress leading to the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae (i.e., bleaching) in reef-building corals. These conditions may 
have contributed significantly to the regional mass coral bleaching events observed in the Caribbean during 1987 and 
1990. This project will continue monitoring penetration of UV radiation, sea temperatures, and recovery of coral 
exposed to UV radiation. In addition, the project will be expanded to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on the early 
life-history stages, namely planula larvae and newly-recruited juveniles, of predominant coral species. While 
increases in UV radiation are predicted to be minimal at low latitudes, increased frequency of calm sea conditions 
predicted by global warming will lead to enhanced water column clarity and high UV penetration with 
 subsequent negative effects on reef corals. This project, by experimentally defining the maximum UV intensities that 
can be tolerated by larval and juveniles corals, will provide insight into the role that current intensities of UV 
radiation play in limiting recruitment and shaping subsequent coral community structure.  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 07:55:40 1996 
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0500 (EST) 
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 07:04:23 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Research requests by subscribers 
In-Reply-To: <199603111050.FAA10013@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960311064649.14034B-100000@wave> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Greetings, Amorim! 
 
	Requests like yours for basic research are better filled when they 
are not urgent and when you can get to a good library or do a literature 
search using DIALOG or other similar services.  However, we have set up an 
area at our Home Page for gaining access to (hopefully) some key 
references in coral health research.  In your particular instance, I would 
suggest going to our Literature Abstracts area at:  
  
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html 
 
choose "Indexed by Senior Author", and search for the work of Dr. James 
Porter, and colleagues.  In your particular case, I would think two good 
starting references would be:  
 
"Detecting Change in Coral Reef Communities: A Comparison of Survey 
Methods" (Meier, O. W. and J. W. Porter, 1991) 
 
and, 
 
"Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of 
Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Reef-building corals."  
(Porter, J. W, 1987).  
 
See the Page for complete journal citation. 
 
I realize the Literature Abstracts area is not up to date (1994, 95, 96  
missing), but such are the problems with reduced funding for a project. 
 
Hope this helps... 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: 
 
> Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 
> From: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: diversity indexes 
>  
>  
>  
> Dear all, 
> I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two  
> areas, using a video camera. 
> What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly,  
> diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
> Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
> I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
> Sorry for any duplication! 
>  
> -- 
> amorim 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 08:21:48 1996 
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	 id IAA10842; Mon, 11 Mar 1996 08:08:48 -0500 
Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 08:08:48 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Response etiquette 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960311072839.14034G-100000@wave> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960311080142.10811C-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Dear subscribers, 
 
	Please ensure that your responses to fellow subscribers go to 
whom you intend them to go to by double-checking your "To: " line in 
your mailer.  I sometimes get messages which are addressed to 
owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov and have no way of forwarding them 
to the intended recipient if I don't have that person's e-mail address 
handy.  Also, please be sure that replies intended to go to a subscriber 
personally are not accidentally posted to the entire list.  On the other 
hand, if you feel your response would be of value to the entire list, 
then by all means please DO post your message for all.  
 
	Many thanks for attention and consideration. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list administrator 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 08:47:41 1996 
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From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu> 
Subject: Re: diversity indexes 
To: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Dear AMORIM, 
 
This reference will answer your questions about video transect methods: 
 
Aronson, R.B. et al.  1994.  Large-scale, long-term monitoring of  
Caribbean coral reefs: simple, quick, inexpensive techniques.  Atoll  
Research Bulletin 421:1-19. 
 
Rich Aronson 
 
______________________________________________________________________________ 
Richard B. Aronson 
Dauphin Island Sea Lab 
P. O. Box 369-370 
Dauphin Island, AL 36528 
 
Voice: (334) 861-7567 
Fax: (334) 861-7540 
email: raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu 
 
 
On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: 
 
>  
>  
> Dear all, 
> I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two  
> areas, using a video camera. 
> What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly,  
> diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
> Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
> I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
> Sorry for any duplication! 
>  
> -- 
> amorim 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 08:51:42 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Michael D. Noah" <mnoah@gol.com> 
Subject: Re: diversity indexes 
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At 10:40 AM 3/11/96 gmt+0200, you wrote: 
> 
> 
>Dear all, 
>I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two  
>areas, using a video camera. 
>What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly,  
>diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
>Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
>I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
>Sorry for any duplication! 
> 
>-- 
>amorim 
 
 
I'm sure that I'll be corrected quickly by this list membership if I'm wrong 
(and I'll start off by saying that I'm by no means a statistician), but I 
researched similarity and diversity indices in depth when I was still in my 
graduate program back in the early 80's.  I've since held the view that for 
the most part, since diversity indices (or any index, for that matter - 
i.e., habitat suitability indices) attempt to represent in a single value 
(and lose much of that information in the process), the mass of 
"information" that exists in large, often multidimensional (species, space 
and time) data sets, statistical inferences between indices are usually 
meaningless. 
 
An example: two or more diversity indices can be identical in their 
respective values, but the underlying data upon which they are each based 
can be entirely different.  I won't go into the mathematics here, but 
suffice it to say that you can generate the exact same diversity index 
(i.e., Shannon and Weaver's H') from any number of data sets, each differing 
from the others in the number of species, the number of individuals within 
each species, and even the composition of the community encountered.  Since 
the indices can be identical, statistical tests will identify no significant 
difference between the data sets, yet these data sets can be widely divergent. 
 
I also recall reading once that species diversity indices in particular are 
often highly correlated with each other, due simply to the formula that is 
used to calculate them - I apologize, I don't recall off-hand the paper that 
I read that described this "phenomenon (?)," but I'd be happy to look it up 
in my collection if you're interested. 
 
Combining this problem with the failure of most data commonly encountered in 
ecological field studies to even closely satisfy the assumptions of 
classical statistical methods and probability theory (missing data, mixed 
data [binary, rank, quantitative], independent and normal error 
distributions, homogeneity of variances, additivity of effects, etc.), I 
think one would be hard pressed to stand on any statistically "significant 
differences" between two or more indices. 
 
I said "usually" above; there may be limited instances where indices can be 
used as predictor variables, IF considerable thought is given a priori to 
the underlying hypotheses and the potential relationships that may exist 
between the variables.  Assume, for example, that you have an impacted area 
and a control area, and you want to develop an index that "describes" that 
impact.  After sampling both areas and using the log-transformed abundance 
values of the species abundances encountered in a discriminant analysis, the 
linear additive discriminate function of the log-transformed species 
abundances would represent (by definition) the best predictor of that 
impact, and the most efficient test of the null hypothesis: "no impact." 
The definition of impacted and control areas could be incorporated into the 
analysis by first performing a cluster analysis to group the samples into 
faunally homogenous assemblages.  If a two-group solution could somehow be 
interpreted as representing the impacted and control groups of samples that 
are spatially contiguous, discriminant analysis could be used to define an 
index of the faunal differences between those two groups.  If, however, the 
two groups were *derived* by cluster analysis, then no significance test 
would be appropriate since the two groups were created from the outset so as 
to maximize the differences on the discriminating variables.  However, if 
the groups were defined a priori, then tests of the null hypothesis in 
species composition between impacted and control areas may be appropriate. 
My suggestion: first, know what question you are asking, and then second, 
try to use a statistical method that retains more of the underlying 
biological information. 
 
As for papers that you might want to consider, try R. Pikul, 1974, 
Development of environmental indices, IN Statistical and mathematical 
aspects of pollution problems.  J.W. Pratt (Ed.).  Mercel Dekker, New York. 
 
Hope this helps 
 
Michael Noah 
 
 
 
    _/      _/     _/  _/      _/ _/    _/ U.S. Navy, COMFLEACT Yokosuka 
   _/_/    _/    _/_/  _/    _/   _/  _/   Environmental Department 
  _/  _/  _/   _/  _/  _/  _/     _/_/     PSC 473 Box 1 Code 1000 
 _/    _/_/  _/_/_/_/  _/_/       _/       FPO AP 96349-1100 
_/      _/ _/      _/  _/        _/        243-7311 / 011-81-311-743-7311 
                                       FAX 243-9027 / 011-81-311-743-9027 
 
           Michael D. Noah                 mnoah@gol.com 
 
      "Mother, mother ocean, I have heard your call"  J. Buffett        
 
   U N I V E R S I T Y  o f  N E B R A S K A    C O R N H U S K E R S 
   N a t i o n a l  C h a m p i o n s   1 9 7 0 - 7 1   1 9 9 4 - 9 5 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 11:44:51 1996 
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From: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
To: "James C.Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Date:          Mon, 11 Mar 1996 18:31:48 gmt+0200 
Subject:       Research requests by subscribers 
CC: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail v3.22 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
 
------- Forwarded Message Follows ------- 
 
On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, Jim wrote: Greetings, Amorim! 
 
    Requests like yours for basic research are better filled when they 
are not urgent and when you can get to a good library or do a literature 
search using DIALOG or other similar services.  However, we have set up an 
area at our Home Page for gaining access to (hopefully) some key 
references in coral health research.  In your particular instance, I would 
suggest going to our Literature Abstracts area at:  
  
    http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bib/lit.abstracts.html 
 
choose "Indexed by Senior Author", and search for the work of Dr. James 
Porter, and colleagues.  In your particular case, I would think two good 
starting references would be:  
 
"Detecting Change in Coral Reef Communities: A Comparison of Survey 
Methods" (Meier, O. W. and J. W. Porter, 1991) 
 
and, 
 
"Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of 
Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (South Florida). Reef-building corals."  
(Porter, J. W, 1987).  
 
See the Page for complete journal citation. 
 
I realize the Literature Abstracts area is not up to date (1994, 95, 96  
missing), but such are the problems with reduced funding for a project. 
 
Hope this helps... 
 
    Sincerely yours, 
 
    Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
On Mon, 11 Mar 1996, AMORIM wrote: 
 
> Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 10:40:02 gmt+0200 
> From: AMORIM <AMORIM@mfca.uem.mz> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: diversity indexes 
>  
> Dear all, 
> I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two  
> areas, using a video camera. 
> What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly,  
> diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
> Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
> I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
> Sorry for any duplication! 
>  
> -- 
> amorim 
>  
Dear Jim, 
Thank you very much for your advise. 
If I'm not mistaken, the priority of my message was normal, although  
I wrote "urgently" on the message.I decided to ask for urgent help to  
the coral-list because I need the information before thursday to  
finish my prothocol and it's a subject that the Scientific Commission  
of Eduardo Mondlane's University (where I study) advised to include  
in my prothocol, last friday. 
I've searched on the library and found nothing. 
The library is also very poor in abstracts and the books, although  
very good and updated, are few. 
The reason why I did not try the Internet is because I cannot have  
access to it,yet, here in Mozambique. Even for the e-mail, I think  
this service is relative new in Mozambique. 
Once again, thank you very much for your message. 
-- 
amorim 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 11 12:37:04 1996 
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Date: Mon, 11 Mar 1996 12:00:00 -0500 (EST) 
From: KENNARD POTTS 202-260-9178 <POTTS.KENNARD@epamail.epa.gov> 
Subject: U.S. Reef Status 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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          Can anyone identify a reference or documentation which would  
          characterize a percentage of degradation of United States reefs?   
          I know that Wilkinson was the basis for the International Coral  
          Reef Initiative's global characterization of 10% of the worlds  
          reefs being degraded beyond recovery.  Has any similar work been  
          done for the U.S. reefs?  By U.S. reefs, this would include  
          Florida, Hawaii, Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American  
          Samoa and Northern Mariana.  Any suggestions? 
           
          Ken Potts 
          U.S. EPA 
          Oceans and Coastal Protection Division (4504F) 
          401 M Street, SW 
          Washington, DC 20460 
           
          Email: POTTS.KENNARD@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV 
           
          Thanks,  
          Ken 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 12 15:56:12 1996 
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The Estuaries Section of the Americian Fisheries Society is looking for 
short articles, announcements (job, conferences, seminars),  essays, 
poems, photos, etc. for the Spring Newsletter.  Areas can include but 
are not limited to science, environment, industry, policy, litigation, 
economics, and education.  Topics should be relevant to ecology, 
estuarine sciences, agricultural scienes, aquaculture and fisheries, etc.  
The spring deadline is March 31, 1996. 
 
Materials can be forwarded via email, fax, or mail.  Please send 
contributions to: 
 
Bruce M. Kahn 
2010 Massachusetts Ave., NW 
Suite 400 
Washington, D.C. 20036 
 
Tel: 202-833-8748 
Fax: 202-833-8775 
 
Internet:   Bruce@esa.org 
 
The objective of the Estuaries Section of the American Fisheries Society 
is to encourage the exchange of information pertinent to the broad scope 
of multidisciplinary estuarine issues. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 03:14:53 1996 
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Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 18:04:01 +1000 (EST) 
From: Mr Rohan Pratt <Rohan.Pratt@jcu.edu.au> 
To: Coral List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral Reef Restoration 
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  I have been working on restoring coral reefs by transplanting coral  
fragments for two years as my PhD.  I have not yet published any of my  
work, but am happy to provide some general information on how to  
successfully transplant coral fragments.  For those interested, write to  
me directly. 
  I know of only a few researchers currently working on restoration, and  
would be keen to hear what anyone else is currently doing on this topic. 
 
Rohan Pratt 
Dept. Marine Biology 
James Cook University 
Qld, Australia 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 07:56:45 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: RE: diversity indexes (fwd) 
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This message, originally sent to owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov,  
is forwarded herewith: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 07:16:02 -0500 (EST) 
From: James C. Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral@coral 
Subject: RE: diversity indexes (fwd) 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 16:46:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: owner-coral-list <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: RE: diversity indexes 
 
 
TO:coral list 
 
In reply to Amorim (and for others who are interested) there are several  
approaches to statistically comparing diversity indices.  If you have data  
leading to two indices, you can calculate a variance for each index and  
conduct a t-test.  The procedure is in: 
 
Magurran, A.E. 1988.  Ecological Diversity and its Measurement.  Croom Helm,  
London. 179 p. 
 
A more powerful approach would be to use a randomization approach.  
  Randomization may become a standard way to do most statistical comparisons  
in the future, but is not there yet, so it might require some programming. 
 
Neither approach makes me comfortable about comparing diversities in two  
areas or one area over time, because they do not account for geographic  
variability in any straight-forward way.  Instead, I prefer to take several  
sample units of equal size in each of the two areas (or times) and treat the  
diversity indices as if they were a variable such as "fish abundance per  
transect", calculating mean diversities, variances on the mean, and doing  
standard statistical tests. 
 
However, this only works for transects of the same length and width, as  
corrections for size are complicated.  This will tell you if there is a  
difference in diversity "per transect" between areas or times. 
 
The pros and cons of using the Shannon versus other indices are covered in  
Magurran's book, which is highly recommended.  I like to define the Shannon  
value as "diversity" and then to analyze the changes in diversity over time  
or space in terms of changes in abundance, richness, species per 1,000  
individuals and evenness (H'/log(s)).  That way I identify a pattern and  
then seek to explain it.  Examples are found in our book "The Resource  
Ecology of the Bolinao Coral Reef" which is unfortunately out of print, but  
in the collections of some coral reef scientists.  If you send us an  
address, we can send you photocopies of the relevant pages.  The whole book  
is available as a photocopy from ICLARM for $17.50. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr. John W. McManus 
Program Leader, Aquatic Environments Program 
Project Leader, ReefBase Project 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
205 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati, Metro Manila 1229 Philippines 
Tel. No. (63-2) 8180466/Fax No.: (63-2) 8163183 
E-Mail: J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 ---------- 
From: owner-coral-list 
To: coral-list 
Subject: diversity indexes 
Date: Monday, March 11, 1996 10:40AM 
 
 
 
Dear all, 
I'm doing a research work on comparing coral reef fishes in two 
areas, using a video camera. 
What I need to know, urgently, is how to compare, statisticly, 
diversity indexes to see if they are significant. 
Are there any scientific papers on similar studies? 
I would appreciate it if you would help me. Thanks! 
Sorry for any duplication! 
 
 -- 
amorim 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 07:57:20 1996 
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	 id HAA14580; Wed, 13 Mar 1996 07:41:53 -0500 
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 07:41:52 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Other Mailing Lists 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960313072420.14565A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Requests have been made for other list-server locations. For those of 
you interested in other marine science-oriented mailing lists, the 
following URL has a very comprehensive list of all kinds of subjects:  
 
	http://www.NeoSoft.com/internet/paml/bysubj.html 
 
Another list that is not on there, but is of wide interest to marine 
biologists, is the Marine Biology list-server.  Contact Mike Marshall  
at marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us. 
 
Following are some excerpts from that list regarding some other marine 
science disciplines.  The list includes cnidarians, mangroves, 
crustaceans, sea-grasses, sharks, fish, the deep-sea, aquariums and 
more. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
=========== 
 
Cnidarians: 
 
Date: Fri, 8 Dec 95 10:03:24 +0900 
From: Masaya Toyokawa <mtoyokaw@nria.affrc.go.jp> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: Re: marbio: cniarian mailing list 
 
    [The following text is in the "iso-2022-jp" character set] 
    [Your display is set for the "US-ASCII" character set] 
    [Some characters may be displayed incorrectly] 
 
At  5:30 PM 95.12.7 -0500, Susan E Reidy wrote: 
>Hi,  
> 
>  I was wondering if anyone knew of any Cnidarian mailing lists? 
>  Thanks very much, Sue Reidy 
> 
 
send mail to: 
 
listserv@uci.edu 
 
with a message: 
 
subscribe cnidaria <yourname> 
 
<yourname> should be replaced by your name. 
 
masaya 
--- 
mtoyokaw@nria.affrc.go.jp 
 
=========== 
 
Mangroves: 
 
From: Mike van Keulen <keulen@central.murdoch.edu.au> 
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 10:11:16 +0800 (WST) 
Subject: marbio: Yet another e-mail discussion list - MANGROVE 
 
Hello all, 
 
On the instigation of Dr Eric Paling at Murdoch University, I have 
recently established a new global e-mail discussion list devoted to all 
aspects of mangrove research.  The information notice follows this 
message.  To reach as many potential subscribers as possible, I have also 
posted this message to the discussion lists: ALGAE-L, MARBIO and 
COASTNET.  If you also subscribe to those lists, please bear with me for 
the overlap.  If anyone has any further suggestions for spreading the 
word, please let me know.  For any list-related/administrative issues, 
please contact me on: 
        keulen@murdoch.edu.au 
For any mangrove-related issues, contact Eric Plaing on: 
        paling@essun1.murdoch.edu.au 
 
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
To subscribe to the list, simply send a message to: 
        majordomo@essun1.murdoch.edu.au         with the the line: 
        subscribe mangrove                      in the body of the message. 
 
You will receive additional information on how to use the list on  
subscribing, including instructions on how to obtain help and extra  
information. 
 
Best regards, 
                Mike 
 
=========== 
Shark Lists: 
 
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 00:34:15 -0700 (PDT) 
From: "Selna L. Kaplan" <endo@itsa.ucsf.EDU> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Cc: Martha <mkelly@ultrix.ramapo.edu> 
Subject: Re: marbio: Shark lists / Fisheries list 
 
On Tue, 24 Oct 1995, Martha wrote: 
> I agree with you about the list being too broad.  I'm interested in a  
> list just on shark biology.  Do you know of any or do you know how I  
> could start one? 
 
On Tue, 24 Oct 1995, Jeff Rodzen wrote: 
> Does anyone out there know of, and have addresses for, any fisheries  
> lists??? 
 
There are two shark biology lists. The first, SHARK-L, is geared for  
serious amateurs, although several biologists participate. It can be  
subscribed to at listserv@utcvm.utc.edu .  The second, ELASMO-L, is for  
more  
technical research on sharks, rays, and chimeras, and is produced by  
the  
American Elasmobranch Society.  Contact Sandy Moss at smoss@umassd.edu  
for subscription info. 
 
The principle fisheries biology list is FISH-ECOLOGY .  It can be  
subscribed via listserv@searn.sunet.se . 
 
- Bruce Heyer 
  University of California, San Francisco 
  endo@itsa.UCSF.edu 
 
================== 
 
Seagrass forum: 
 
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 17:00:37 +0800 (WST) 
From: Mike van Keulen <keulen@central.murdoch.edu.au> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Announcing SEAGRASS_FORUM 
 
Dear fellow marine biologists, 
 
I thought this might be a way of reducing some of the load :-) 
 
I am pleased to announce the launch of SEAGRASS_FORUM, a global e-mail 
discussion list oriented to all aspects of seagrass research.  The 
description notice follows this message.  To reach as many potential 
subscribers as possible, I have also posted this message to the 
discussion lists: ALGAE-L, MARINE-L and COASTNET.  If you have already  
received this message, I apologise.  For any  
list-related/administrative  
issues, please contact me on: 
        keulen@murdoch.edu.au 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
To subscribe to the list, simply send a message to: 
        majordomo@essun1.murdoch.edu.au         with the the line: 
        subscribe seagrass_forum                in the body of the message. 
 
You will receive additional information on how to use the list on  
subscribing, including instructions on how to obtain help and extra  
information. 
 
I look forward to discussing seagrass-related matters with you in  
SEAGRASS_FORUM. 
 
Best regards, 
                Mike 
 
===================== 
 
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 95 08:16:41 BDB 
From: "Euclydes A. Santos" <DCFEUCLY@SUPER.FURG.BR> 
To: MARBIO@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: FISICOMP-L and subscription volume 
 
[ stuff deleted... ] 
 
For those interested in physiology of marine animals I would point to 
the existence of FISICOMP-L (Comparative Physiology Discussion List).  
This list is just the oposite of MARBIO, i.e., it has almost no posting 
at all.  Some new blood may be more than welcome.  To join?  Send to 
LISTESERV@IF.USP.BR a single line msg:  SUBSCRIBE FISICOMP-L Your Name 
<Your e-mail>.  
 
=============== 
 
Deepsea: 
 
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 11:20:01 -0700 
From: "Andrew G. McArthur" <amcarthu@UVic.CA> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: DEEPSEA Mailing List 
 
 
Join the DEEPSEA electronic mailing list! 
 
The DEEPSEA mailing list exists to serve as an electronic forum for the 
world's community of deep-sea and hydrothermal vent/seep biologists, 
oceanographers, and geologists.  By joining DEEPSEA, you will recieve 
messages from the DEEPSEA membership by email.  Frequent uses of DEEPSEA 
include searches for specialist literature or opinion, specimen exchange, 
technical discussions, and general discussions about deep-sea marine 
biology and geology.  As of October 1995, DEEPSEA had over 600 members 
representing more than 35 countries. 
 
Moving to the USENET/BIONET soon! 
 
To join DEEPSEA, send email to listserv@uvvm.uvic.ca with "SUB DEEPSEA 
yourfullname" in the body of the letter.  After joining you will receive 
email with full instructions on how to best utilize DEEPSEA. 
 
 
--------------------------------------------------------------- 
Please note that my email has changed: amcarthu@uvaix.uvic.ca 
But don't worry, email sent to my old address will still get 
to me (for now). 
--------------------------------------------------------------- 
--------------------------------------------------------------- 
Andrew G. McArthur 
Department of Biology 
University of Victoria 
P.O. Box 1700 
Victoria, British Columbia 
Canada, V8W 2Y2 
 
=============== 
 
Aquarium: 
 
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 1995 15:10:19 -0400 (AST) 
From: Sophie Estelle Mckay <smckay@is.dal.ca> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Aquarium listserv 
 
        I thought that some of you may be interested in the following  
listserv which discusses subjects related to fish and aquaria.   
 
Network-wide ID:    AQUARIUM      
 
full address and list description:    AQUARIUM@EMUVM1.CC.EMORY.EDU   
 
To subscribe send message to:   LISTSERV@LISTSERV.NET 
Message sould read:   SUBSCRIBE AQUARIUM 
 
Sophie 
 
============== 
 
Water Management: 
 
Dialog-Agua-L is a forum for all whose lives and careers are involved 
with the use and management of water.  The discussion list is 
moderated by the Florida Center for Environmental Studies, housed at 
Florida Atlantic University. 
 
The dialog was originally set up to serve the needs of the 
Inter-American Dialog on Water Management (IADWM) and the Florida 
Center for Environmental Studies (CES).  The IADWM seeks to share 
useful water-related information of all kinds among water managers 
across the hemisphere.  CES is dedicated to research, information and 
training in the area of tropical and subtropical freshwater and 
estuarine ecosystems worldwide.  It represents all ten universities 
in the Florida State University System, and brings resources of these 
universities and state agencies together to address complex water 
resource problems. 
 
Dialog-Agua-L is guided by the IADWM secretariat, located at the 
Organization of American States (OAS) in Washington, D.C., and CES. 
We welcome suggestions and material from all, and have no 
restrictions on material other than its relevance to our program. 
 
To subscribe, send a message to: 
                            mailserv@acc.fau.edu 
 
The body of the message should read: 
                            SUB DIALOG-AGUA-L "(your name)" 
                            END 
 
For further information, contact me at tgmessen@acc.fau.edu 
 
============== 
 
Molluscs: 
 
Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 08:12:49 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Dana Denson TPA 813/744-6100 Ext. 320" 
     <DENSON_D@tpa1.dep.state.fl.us> 
To: marbio%marinelab.sarasota.fl.us%in@mr.dep.state.fl.us 
Cc: Peggy Morgan TPA <MORGAN_P@tpa1.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: marbio: Mollusc mailing list - thanks! 
 
Thanks to all of you who responded with information about mollusc 
mailing lists.  Because several people also sent messages asking for 
what information I received on these lists, I have included it herein.  
 
Two lists which are wholly or substantially concerned with molluscs are: 
 
MOLLUSCA 
 
        To subscribe, address to listproc@ucmp1.berkeley.edu 
 
        With this message (only): subscribe mollusca <your name> 
 
Note the following: In the address, it is ucmp1 (one), not ucmpl (L).  
Also, the message should be in the order indicated above. Some sources 
say that your name should be in the middle, but this doesn't work.  
 
SHELLFISH 
 
        To subscribe, address to shellfish-request@kenyon.edu 
 
        With this message (only): subscribe 
 
Thanks again for your help!  
 
============== 
 
NE Atlantic: 
 
Date: Tue, 28 Nov 1995 00:01:19 GMT 
From: pbrogaard@nn.apc.org 
To: fish-ecology@sern.sunet.se 
Cc: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: NE-atlant new list 
 
 
FISHBIO-NE-ATLANT a daily edited list, with news and letters from 
the whole world, but mainly addressed to academic scientists and 
tecnical staff who are working on the NE Atlantic area. The 
headlines will be: Highlights from other lists, Fishbiology, 
algae, assesment, otoliths, conservation, new tecnology, soft- 
ware, books, papers, new jobs, meetings and courses, workshops, 
questions from peopele to peopele, Who is Who, etc.etc. 
But the main reason to do this list, is the fact that now we got 
so many lists worldwide, so I think that there must be a need, to 
join an edited list, who get an fast wiev on todays headlines, 
specially focusing on the North east atlant (but not only, other 
topics can be seen, if they are interesting). 
 
Anyone can part in the discussion, just E-mail a letter to  
 
FISHBIO-NE-ATLANT@nn.apc.org 
  
Palle Brogaard, Denmark.   listownr. 
 
 
 
============== 
Other: 
 
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 17:53:33 +0800 
From: Melita Pennifold <pennifol@essun1.murdoch.edu.au> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Other mailists 
 
Hi everybody, 
 
Several people have mentioned that this mailist is growing bigger and 
bigger and that maybe there should be specialised lists.  Well, there are 
many specialised mailists already out there in the net (you just need to 
find them!). Here is a useful site to start looking: Marine Biology Links 
at http://www2.hawaii.edu/wormlab/mario.html 
 
Also here are several lists: 
 
Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP).  To subscribe, send an e-mail 
message to:  majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
with the following text (only) in the body of the message: subscribe  
coral-list 
 
Seagrass Research Discussion List. To subscribe, send an e-mail 
message to: majordomo@essun1.murdoch.edu.au 
 seagrass_forum 
 
Crustacean Discussion Group.  To subscribe, send an e-mail message to: 
LISTSERV@SIVM.SI.EDU. 
with the following text (only) in the body of the message:CRUST-L XXXX 
XXXXX, where the XXXX XXXXX = your name 
 
Just to name a few! There will also be a list for polychaete and other 
wormy things soon (called ANNELIDA).  If you are interested in polychaetes 
there is magazine on the net called Chaetozone and also a polychaete online 
researches list.  These two groups plus many others are listed in Marine 
Biology Links (see above). 
 
I hope this is useful to someone out there. 
 
Melita Pennifold 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 07:59:21 1996 
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Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 07:45:58 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960313074511.14565C-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sun, 10 Mar 1996 11:57:00 -0500 (EST) 
From: KENNARD POTTS 202-260-9178 <POTTS.KENNARD@epamail.epa.gov> 
To: owner-coral-list <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Re: Coral Reef Restoration - Reply (fwd) 
 
 
          Dear Dr. Jameson: 
           
          I have noted your interactions with the list and thought that you  
          may be of help to me.  I am working on an ecosystem protection  
          document for coral reefs with EPA.  I am searching for  
          appropriate case studies for inclusion into this document.  This  
          document is intended for users at the ground level. (resource  
          managers)  This document looks at the watershed and integrated  
          coastal zone approachs to expand current efforts to protect near  
          shore reefs.  If you could suggest any possible examples for case  
          studies, I would be most appreciative. 
           
          Ken Potts 
          U. S. EPA 
          Oceans and Coastal Protection (4504F) 
          401 M Street, SW 
          Washington DC 20460 
           
          Phone 202-260-7893 
          Fax 202-260-9920 
           
           
          Thank You, 
           
          Ken 
           
           
            
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 15:20:48 1996 
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Date: 13 Mar 96 12:44:08 EST 
From: "Jack, Sobel" <SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Fishing effects on coral 
Message-ID: <960313174407_555063.0_EHF74-1@CompuServe.COM> 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
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On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects  
of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below).  Although this important  
impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some particularly  
good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral  
reefs.  Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine no-take  
reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between  
fished and unfished areas.  Their work suggests that, at least in Kenya,  
the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and  
severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated  
with eutrophication and sedimentation. 
 
Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist 
Center for Marine Conservation 
sobelj@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com 
 
From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral 
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9603081346.A@pc-esf.ukc.ac.uk> 
Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) 
Priority: NORMAL 
X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows 
X-Authentication: none 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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To anybody 
 
Does anybody knows anything about the effects to  coral by fishing (or  
overfishing)  in a particular area of the world.   
At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University  
(Canterbury U.K) there is not much information.  I would be most grateful  
 
if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. 
 
Thanks 
 
William Moreno 
 
Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology 
wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 18:54:54 1996 
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-1000 (HST) 
Date: Wed, 13 Mar 1996 13:19:18 -1000 (HST) 
From: Rick Grigg <rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: rgrigg@iniki 
To: "Jack, Sobel" <SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Fishing effects on coral 
In-Reply-To: <960313174407_555063.0_EHF74-1@CompuServe.COM> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960313131704.1175D-100000@iniki> 
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Dear Jack, 
 
	For impacts of fishing on coral reefs, see also:  Grigg, R.W.   
1994.  Effects of sewage, fishing pressure and habitat complexity on  
coral ecosystems and reef fishes in Hawaii.  Mar. Ecol. Prog. Series  
103:25-34. 
					Richard Grigg 
					 
 
On 13 Mar 1996, Jack, Sobel wrote: 
 
> On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects  
> of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below).  Although this important  
> impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some particularly  
> good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral  
> reefs.  Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine no-take  
> reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between  
> fished and unfished areas.  Their work suggests that, at least in Kenya,  
> the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and  
> severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated  
> with eutrophication and sedimentation. 
>  
> Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist 
> Center for Marine Conservation 
> sobelj@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com 
>  
> From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral 
> Message-ID: <SIMEON.9603081346.A@pc-esf.ukc.ac.uk> 
> Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) 
> Priority: NORMAL 
> X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows 
> X-Authentication: none 
> MIME-Version: 1.0 
> Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII 
> Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
> Precedence: bulk 
>  
> To anybody 
>  
> Does anybody knows anything about the effects to  coral by fishing (or  
> overfishing)  in a particular area of the world.   
> At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University  
> (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information.  I would be most grateful  
>  
> if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. 
>  
> Thanks 
>  
> William Moreno 
>  
> Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology 
> wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
>  
>  
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 20:13:39 1996 
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	id TAA25856; Wed, 13 Mar 1996 19:57:41 -0500 
Date: 13 Mar 96 19:18:59 EST 
From: "Jack, Sobel" <SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Re: Fishing effects on cora 
Message-ID: <960314001859_555063.0_EHF44-1@CompuServe.COM> 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
After an earlier posting regarding work done on the effects of fishing on  
Kenyan coral reefs by McClanahan etal, I received requests for more  
specific reference information.  There are actually a number of articles  
on this subject by this group.  Among the more recent are: 
 
McClanahan, T.R. & D. Obura. 1995.  Status of Kenyan Coral Reefs.   
Coastal Management 23:57-76. 
 
McClanahan, T.R. 1995.  Fish predators and scavengersof the sea urchin  
Echinometra Mathaei in Kenyan coral-reef parks.  Env. Biol. of Fishes  
43:187-193. 
 
McClanahan, T.R. 1995.  A coral reef ecosystem-fisheries: impacts of  
fishing intensity and catch selection on reef structure and processes.   
Ecolocical Modelling 80(1995):1-19. 
 
McClanahan, T.R. 1994.  Kenyan coral reef lagoon fish:  effects of  
fishing, substate complexity, and sea urchins.  Coral Reefs (1994)  
13:231-241.   
 
Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist 
Center for Marine Conservation 
sobelj@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com 
 
 
Original Message: 
Jack, 
 
Do you have a complete reference for the McClanahan publication, or an  
address for him so I can request a reprint? 
 
Thanks 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
 
 
On 13 Mar 1996, Jack, Sobel wrote: 
 
> On March 8, William Moreno Caycedo requested information on the effects  
 
> of fishing or overfishing on corals (see below).  Although this  
important  
> impact has been overlooked and underestimated by many, some  
particularly  
> good work on this has been published by McClanahan etal on Kenyan coral  
 
> reefs.  Their work was made possible by the existance of "marine  
no-take  
> reserves", areas closed to fishing, that enabled comparisons between  
> fished and unfished areas.  Their work suggests that, at least in  
Kenya,  
> the impacts of overfishing/fishing on corals may be more important and  
> severe than even widely recognized problems, such as those associated  
> with eutrophication and sedimentation. 
>  
> Jack Sobel, Ecosystem Scientist 
> Center for Marine Conservation 
> sobelj@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com 
>  
> From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: Fishing and its effect on coral 
> Message-ID: <SIMEON.9603081346.A@pc-esf.ukc.ac.uk> 
> Date: Fri, 8 Mar 1996 13:11:46 +0000 (gmt) 
> Priority: NORMAL 
> X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows 
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> Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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>  
> To anybody 
>  
> Does anybody knows anything about the effects to  coral by fishing (or  
> overfishing)  in a particular area of the world.   
> At the moment I'm trying to study this problem but at this University  
> (Canterbury U.K) there is not much information.  I would be most  
grateful  
>  
> if someone could tell me where I can obtain this kind of info. 
>  
> Thanks 
>  
> William Moreno 
>  
> Durrel Intitute of Conservation and Biology 
> wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
>  
>  
>  
>  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 13 20:52:52 1996 
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Date:        Wed, 13 Mar 1996 20:40:25 EST 
From: "PAUZE,MARC,M" <XKDB@MUSICB.MCGILL.CA> 
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Message: 
 
       I'm looking for a picture of a coral head that is dead due to 
cyanide. It's for a poster presentation for a University course : 
Principles of ecology. If you have any interesting things for me, 
please send it to me. 
                  Marc Pauze 
 
                     E-mail : XKDB@MusicB.Mcgill.Ca 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 14 10:38:50 1996 
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Date: Thu, 14 Mar 1996 10:15:48 -0500 
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Subject: Re: U.S. Reef Status 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "KENNARD POTTS 202-260-9178" <POTTS.KENNARD@epamail.epa.gov>, 
        "Coral-List" <CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Ken, 
 
In response to your 3/11/ question regarding the status of United States  
reefs. 
 
There are no - comprehensive - figures available on the percentage of  
degradation to coral reef ecosystems (or on just coral species in coral  
reef ecosystems) under United States jurisdiction.  I define under U.S.  
jurisdiction as any coral reef ecosystem where United States  
environmental laws or regulations apply.   
 
Historically, most coral reef surveys have been limited to discrete reefs  
or species or have been time limited (Rogers 1985, Dustin and Halas 1987,  
Bythell et al. 1992, Porter and Meier 1992, Ginsburg 1994).  The status  
and trends of complete coral reef ecosystems around entire islands or  
reef tracts have never been comprehensively evaluated because of the  
complexity, length of time, and cost of such endeavors. 
 
I did a paper for the National Biological Service on this topic.  
 
Jameson, S.C.  1995.  Coral Reef Ecosystems.  In:  Our Living Resources:   
A Report to the Nation on the Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S.  
Plants, Animals, and Ecosystems.  U.S. Department of the Interior,  
National Biological Sevice, Washington, D.C. pp 280-281. 
 
Copies of Our Living Resources are for sale through the Superintendent of  
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402, Stock  
#024-010-00708-7.  
 
Since you are with EPA you can probaly get a free copy by calling or  
writing: 
 
Michael Mac 
National Biological Service 
Status and Trends Report Manager 
Mailstop 3660-MIB 
1849 C. St. NW 
Washington, DC  20240  
phone: 202/482-2348 
 
At the time of writing this paper the reefs under United States  
jurisdiction included: 
 
Western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean: 
Florida Reef Tract 
Flower Garden Banks 
Puerto Rico 
U.S. Virgin Islands 
 
Pacific Ocean: 
Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands 
Wake Island 
Johnston Atoll 
Northern Mariana Islands 
Guam 
Palmyra Island 
Kingman Reef 
Howland Island 
Baker Island 
Jarvis Island 
American Samoa 
 
Let me know if you need more details. 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 14 12:02:29 1996 
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Date: Thu, 14 Mar 1996 12:43:07 -0800 (PST) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: Mangrove Research Discussion List <mangrove@essun1.murdoch.edu.a>, 
        ELAN <listproc@csf.colorado.edu>, 
        coral list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        seagrass <seagrass_forum@essun1.murdoch.edu.au> 
Subject: Research Literature for Miskito Coast 
X-Sender: marshall@isurus.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
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To all - 
 
I am traveling to Nicaragua next week to continue work on estuarine 
and coral reef surveys within the Miskito Coast Reserve...a new 
protected area on the northeast coast of Nicaragua.  We are 
collecting materials to establish a research library for the 
biologists who are charged with monitoring fisheries (shrimp, 
lobsters, groupers, snappers, snook, etc.) and environmental 
conditions (water quality, mangrove biology, seagrass ecology, coral 
monitoring,etc.) within the Reserve.  
 
If you have any extra literature (books, reprints, reports), on 
monitoring and research appropriate for this area, that you would 
like to donate to this effort please mail them to me at Mote Marine 
Lab.  I will be traveling there on a regular schedule for the next 
several months.  
 
The northeast coast of Nicaragua, within the bounds of the MCR, has  
several very large and pristine estuaries, many small to large  
rivers, and many miles of completely undeveloped beaches.  The  
Miskito Cays area is characterized by vast beds of seagrass and a  
complex reef ecosystem.  Thus any papers on topics related to  
tropical estuaries, seagrass communities, and reefs would be most  
helpful. 
 
Thank you. 
 
Best regards, 
 
Mike Marshall 
 
 
     MJM/MARBIO lstowner. 
 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Michael J. Marshall, Ph.D. 
  Mote Marine Laboratory              marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us              
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program     941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 
  1600 Thompson Parkway               http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""                            
Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization     
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Mar 17 13:04:57 1996 
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Date: Sun, 17 Mar 1996 12:48:10 -0500 (EST) 
From: Erika  Haendel <esh8@columbia.edu> 
X-Sender: esh8@konichiwa.cc.columbia.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Debt-for-Nature Swap 
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To All Interested Parties: 
  I posted a note on the coral list several weeks ago concerning my  
senior thesis - "Using Debt-for-Nature Swaps as a Means to Protect  
Endangered Coral Reefs."  I am currently working on the final part of my  
thesis which involves making recommendations for future debt-for-nature  
swaps which will protect endangered coral reefs.  Unfortunately, it has  
been very difficult to find current information on threatened reefs.  I  
have been using "Coral Reefs of the World Vol. 1-3," however, this was  
published in 1988 and I am concerned that this information may be out of  
date..... My question is, is the information on Disturbances and  
Deficiencies out of date?  How much do these kinds of threats to coral  
reefs change over time?  Would it be valid for me to use this data in my  
thesis? 
  Furthermore, I am presently seeking information on human threats  
(sedimentation, land development, muro-ami fishing, etc.) to reefs  
contained within the borders of these countries: 
Egypt, India, Indonesia, Madagascar, Malaysia, Tanzania, Thailand,  
Colombia, Costa Rica, the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama and  
Venezuela.  If anybody is working in any of these nations, or has worked  
in these nations and could describe the conditions of some of the reefs,  
as well as current human threats to these reefs, I would greatly  
appreciate your assistance.  Also, if you know of any areas that should  
be given funding for coral reef protection (existing marine parks, "paper  
parks," or any other areas with threatened coral reefs) that would be  
very helpful as well. 
 
Thank you in advance for your time and assistance, 
Erika Haendel 
esh8@columbia.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 18 14:24:38 1996 
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Date: Mon, 18 Mar 96 12:30:30 CST 
From: "Juan Pablo Carricart Ganivet" <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
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Dear All: 
 
Does anyone knows the e-mail of Dr. J.E.N. Veron? 
 
Many advanced thanks 
 
Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 18 15:51:35 1996 
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From: Pam Muller <pmuller@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
Message-Id: <199603182040.PAA05786@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
Subject: Bleaching 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Mon, 18 Mar 1996 15:40:33 -0500 (EST) 
Cc: pmuller@jaws.marine.usf.edu (Pam Muller), 
        htalge@jaws.marine.usf.edu (Helen Talge) 
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Two papers were published in late 1995 on bleaching in larger foraminifera with 
diatom endosymbionts: 
 
Talge, HK and Hallock, P. 1995. Cytological examination of symbiont loss in a 
benthic foraminifer, Amphistegina gibbosa. Marine Micropaleontology 26:107-113. 
 
Hallock, P., Talge, HK, Cockey, EM, and Muller, RG. 1995. A new disease in 
reef-dwelling foraminifera: Implications for coastal sedimentation.  Journal of 
Foraminiferal Research 25:280-286.   
 
To summarize: 
 
"Bleaching" in Amphistegina in the Florida Keys began in summer 1991 and has 
continued since, increasing in the population each spring, peaking near the 
summer solstice, and with recovery in progress by late summer and continuing 
through winter months.  Mottling and bleaching in individual forams are caused 
by progressive digestion of diatom endosymbionts, accompanied by progressive 
deterioration of the foram's cytoplasm (Talge and Hallock).  Associated 
"symptoms" include anomalous shell breakage, shell-surface lesions that permit 
invasion by microborers and epibionts, and reproductive damage including 
deformed young and sometimes failure to calcify (Hallock et al.).  Similar 
symptoms have been observed in Amphistegina spp. from the Bahamas; Jamaica; 
Heron Island, Australia; the western Australian shelf; and, to a lesser extent, 
in Belau, and Hawaii.  
 
If you are interested in looking for similar symptoms in Amphistegina on your 
reefs, please let me know and will send you a color photocopy of normal, mottled 
and bleached Amphistegina, collection instructions, and a copy of the Hallock et 
al. reprint.   
 
This problem is not insignificant.  Amphistegina is normally an abundant 
reef-dwelling organism that is found nearly circumtropically (except the eastern 
tropical Pacific).  Its shells account for substantial proportions of the 
sand-sized sediments in the coastal zones of Indo-Pacific islands (e.g., 20+% of 
Hawai'i's beach sands and 90+% of Kapingimarangi's). Loss of Amphistegina 
populations could have serious implications for coastal sedimentation in such 
areas if populations sustain long-term damage of the magnitude seen in Florida 
Keys populations over the past 5 years. 
 
Pamela Hallock, Professor 
Department of Marine Science 
University of South Florida 
140 Seventh Avenue S. 
St. Petersburg, FL 33701 USA 
pmuller@seas.marine.usf.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 19 04:21:24 1996 
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From: "Bruce, Niel L.          {ZMUC}" <nlbruce@ZMUC.KU.DK> 
To: "'coral-l'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: VERON ADDRESS 
Date: Tue, 19 Mar 96 10:05:00 DST 
Message-ID: <314E86C0@AKI.KU.DK> 
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Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet asked: 
 
Does anyone knows the e-mail of Dr. J.E.N. Veron? 
 
Many advanced thanks 
 
If a direct e-mail address had been given, this message need not have gone  
to the whole group. 
 
AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF MARINE SCIENCE 
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/about.html 
ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF AIMS STAFF WITH CONTACT DETAILS 
http://www.aims.gov.au/pages/staff.html 
 
The telephone numbers for AIMS are: 
Cape Ferguson location: 
voice (077) 534 211 (International - +61 77 534 211) facsimile (077) 725 852  
 
 
 
274  Veron,  John (Charlie)  Chief Scientist/Module 6  j.veron@aims.gov.au 
 
 
Niel L. Bruce 
Curator of Crustacea 
Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 
Copenhagen O, DK 2100 
DENMARK 
Ph:  +45 35 32 10 00; +45 35 32 10 21 (direct); FAX: +45 35 32 10 10. 
e-mail: <nlbruce@zmuc.ku.dk>; home page:  
<http://www.aki.ku.dk/zmuc/inv/staff/nlb.htm> 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 19 17:09:26 1996 
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Date: Tue, 19 Mar 1996 16:42:41 -0500 
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Subject: Re: Debt-for-Nature Swap 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Erika  Haendel" <esh8@columbia.edu>, 
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Erika, 
 
The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) State of the Reefs Report  
will give you: 
 
- a concise summary of what is known regarding the status and trends of  
coral reef ecosystems on a global and regional scale,  
- the consequences of coral reef ecosystem degradation to human  
populations,  
- and lists some of the major existing management and research programs. 
 
Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus, and M.D. Spalding. 1995.  State of the  
Reefs:  Regional and Global Perspectives.  International Coral Reef  
Initiative Executive Secretariat Background Paper,  U.S. Departmenmt of  
State, Washington, D.C. 
 
Contact Dr. Peter Thomas, ICRI Coordinator (pthomas@state.gov) for a copy. 
 
The Reference Section of the State of the Reefs report lists most of the  
latest major  
studies on coral reef ecosystem health from around the world.  These  
references will lead you to more specific studies. 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 11:55:14 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral-List Archives 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960320114304.27780A-100000@coral> 
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The archives of this list-server are now updated fairly regularly 
(usually twice a day) and may be found off our Home Page at:  
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/archive.html 
 
As a side note, an even more comprehensive list of other marine science  
related mailing lists can now be found at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/many_lists.html 
 
 
	Take care... 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 13:06:53 1996 
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From: mschultz@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu 
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Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 08:39:23 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Mururoa Atoll 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
Does anyone have information or citations on studies done on the basement 
and carbonate aquifer circulation at Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls.  We 
have had some interesting discussions concerning contamination of lagoon 
waters, etc. from the French nuclear testing. 
 
Regards, 
 
Mike Schultz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mike Schultz 
Graduate Researcher 
Department of Oceanography 
Florida State University 
Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 
mschultz@ocean.fsu.edu 
GO SEMINOLES!!! 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 13:06:57 1996 
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From: mschultz@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu 
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Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 08:35:02 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Job Search 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
My name is Michael Schultz.  I am currently employed as a graduate 
researcher in the Department of Oceanography at Florida State University 
under the direction of Dr. William C. Burnett.  I will complete the 
requirements for the degree M. S. Geochemical Oceanography in the coming 
summer and actively seeking  new opportunities.  I am happily married with 
a wonderful wife and a beautiful almost three year old daughter. 
 
My area of research has centered on the behavior of natural decay-series 
(geochronology of marine phosphorites and carbonates) and authagenic 
radionuclides (actinide fractionation in marine sediments and soils) in the 
environment.  I have a strong  background in alpha- and gamma-spectroscopy, 
with experience in the latest instrumentation and alpha- and gamma-spec 
analysis software and also the latest radiochemical separations techniques 
by extraction chromatographic methods and field experience in sample 
collection.  I have an excellent background in the preparation of effective 
oral presentations for national meetings and conferences and outstanding 
writing abilities. 
 
I am interested in a postion which will utilize and expand upon the 
experience and expertise (including  both research oriented and nonresearch 
positions in environmental sciences)  which I have gained thus far in my 
career.  Please see; 
 
http://ocean.fsu.edu/oce/mschultz/index.html 
 
for more information including links to abstracts of presentations and 
publications. 
 
I would appreciate any comments, suggestions and advice.  I would be very 
pleased to send a copy of a current CV along with excellent references to 
interested parties. 
 
Please respond directly (mschultz@ocean.fsu.edu) 
 
Thank you. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Michael Schultz 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mike Schultz 
Graduate Researcher 
Department of Oceanography 
Florida State University 
Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 
mschultz@ocean.fsu.edu 
GO SEMINOLES!!! 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 13:23:30 1996 
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From: Sue.Wells@wcmc.org.uk 
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Date: Wed, 20 Mar 96 17:55:54 GMT 
Subject: Information on reefs 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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With apologies to John McManus at ICLARM, if I am usurping his right to  
reply, and to all those who are already familiar with the following projects.  
 This message is for anyone seeking information on threats to reefs, reef  
management etc. (and there have been several queries in recent weeks). 
 
The IUCN/UNEP volumes 'Coral Reefs of the World' 1988/89 remain the only  
detailed global compilation of this type of information.  Some of the detail  
is out of date but, depressingly, the overall picture is still the same and  
probably worse as far as threats are concerned.  There are however many more  
protected areas and conservation projects. 
 
For information on more recent work, the first place to contact is ICLARM in  
Manila in the Philippines where a computerised database is being established  
that provides the same type of information but on a larger-scale and with  
time-series data - John McManus is running the project (J.MCMANUS@CGNET.COM).  
 If you want information on mapping of reefs you should contact Mark Spalding  
at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk). 
 
You can find further information on these projects in Reef Encounter, the  
newsletter of the International Society for Reef Studies. 
 
Sue Wells 
Cambridge, UK 
(sue.wells@wcmc.org.uk) 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 15:48:21 1996 
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Date: 20 Mar 1996 15:38:36 -0500 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: FWD>Press Release -First La 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale 
Transplant/Hawaii 
 
  FYI.  I am merely forwarding the message and have no further information on 
this.  For further information, please see contacts in press release. 
 
Mark 
 
------------------------------------------ 
     Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106,  
     Honolulu, HI 96822. 
      
      
     FOR INFORMATION CONTACT:                   FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 
        John Naughton                           March 20,1996 
        at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) 
        or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) 
      
      
        FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN  
                                 
                                HAWAII 
      
        In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted,  
      
     nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully  
      
     transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, the  
      
     Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration  
      
     announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National Marine  
      
     Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to  
      
     mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to restore  
      
     nearby reefs.  
      
        "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with  
     ninety-nine percent  of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda  
     Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves  
     that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma  
     of transplant."  The coral was transplanted from areas that will be  
     disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be  
     moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor  
     construction in the bay.  
      
        Since September, live corals have been taken from the "footprints"  
     of three  proposed new  breakwaters and relocated to a large stockpile  
     site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of water  
     all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at Kawaihae.  
     Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife  
     Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic  
     Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii  
     Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy.  
                                                                   
        "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii Preparatory  
     Academy have been instrumental the  transplant effort," said John  
     Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator  
      
     for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached  by  
     divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted up  
     off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant  
     sites by boat. 
      
        "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and after  
     the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton.  
     Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine  
     Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three  
     years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral.  
       
        The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with soft,  
     fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They  
     emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea for  
     planktonic food.  Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat for  
     many species of fish and sea turtles. 
      
        The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National  
     Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S.  
     living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of  
     marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and  
     endangered species.  
      
      
                        ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** 
                                      
                                    ### 
      
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 17:18:54 1996 
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X-Mailis: C87 
From: pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: REVIEW ON BLEACHING 
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>From Pecheux, 150p; 650 refs.(515 Ko) 
version 3 available at : 
http://coral.nooa.gov/temp/bleach  
or /bleach.html 
Original works in annexes. 
"  
net. 
Problems with html/ascii/text file  
resolve within weeks with version 4 
(50 refs more). Commetaries wellcome. 
At request,Mac disk by mail (3$) 
Bab's bleaching is due to CO2 ! 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 17:28:02 1996 
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Message-ID: <n1384780414.78784@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 20 Mar 1996 17:14:10 -0500 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Information on reefs 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: Sue.Wells@wcmc.org.uk 
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        Reply to:   RE>Information on reefs 
 
Another source of information regarding reef status has come from efforts of 
the International Coral Reef Initiative.  Documents presented at the 
Philippines-hosted International Coral Reef Initiative Workshop in June 1995 
provided a concise comprehensive global summary of coral reef status. The 
State of the Reefs and six regional status documents (Tropical Americas, South 
Asia, Western Indian Ocean, East Asia, Pacific and Middle East) began this 
process of evaluating the environments, the major threats and opportunities 
for improved management.  These reports should build on the excellent 
foundation established by Sue Wells'  volume,  'Coral Reefs of the World'.  
>From June 1995 through February 1996, regional meetings have continued this 
process, often revising or discussing revisions needed in the regional status 
documents.  Further revision of these regional reports will be presented at 
the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama in a session to be 
chaired by Drs. Bernard Salvat and Clive Wilkinson. 
 
These State of the Reefs report and regional documents should be available 
from the ICRI Secretariat at: 
International Coral Reef Initiative 
US Department of State-Room 4325, 
2201 C St NW, Washington, DC  20520 
e-mail: pthomas@state.gov 
Phone: 1-202-647-0658 
Fax: 1-202-647-5247 
 
While there is not a formal ICRI web site yet, ICRI information is available 
through the CHAMP web site (http://coral.aoml.erl.gov). 
 
__________________________________________________________ 
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D. 
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210 
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603 
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073 
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 18:10:21 1996 
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Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 15:44:00 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Patterson, Matt E" <PATTERSON_M@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I am in the process of compiling information about the dieoff events of Diadema antillarum in the Florida Keys as 
well as 
the rest of the Caribbean.  I am interested in both information about the mid-eighties dieoff as well as any information 
on 
more recent events (Forcucci,1994).  Any advice or information would be greatly appreciated. 
 
Matt Patterson 
Florida Marine Research Institute 
Coral Reef Research Team 
e-mail: Patterson_m@harpo.dep.state.fl.us 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 20 20:00:26 1996 
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Date: 20 Mar 96 19:04:36 EST 
From: "Jack, Sobel" <SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: FWD>Press Release -First La 
Message-ID: <960321000436_555063.0_EHF59-1@CompuServe.COM> 
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Response to recent posting by Mark Eaking below of Press Release on  
Large-scale coral reef removal and replanting: 
 
Let's not forget what mitigation projects are all about, at best they are  
designed to minimize or make-up for damage/destruction.  While  
transplanting mitigation may beat reef annihilation, the destruction of  
natural reefs for port development hardly seems worthy of hoopla and  
celebration.  Even if necessary, it seems that we should be saddened  
somewhat by the price we must pay in lost natural habitat.  Furthermore,  
to declare the project an overwhelming success story because most of the  
transplanted corals are still alive a few months after the initial reef  
removal and transplant seems especially ludicrous.  Am I missing  
something here? 
 
Original message follows: 
Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale 
Transplant/Hawaii 
 
  FYI.  I am merely forwarding the message and have no further  
information on 
this.  For further information, please see contacts in press release. 
 
Mark 
 
------------------------------------------ 
     Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106,  
     Honolulu, HI 96822. 
      
      
     FOR INFORMATION CONTACT:                   FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 
        John Naughton                           March 20,1996 
        at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) 
        or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) 
      
      
        FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN  
                                 
                                HAWAII 
      
        In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted,  
 
      
     nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully  
      
     transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii,  
the  
      
     Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric  
Administration  
      
     announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National  
Marine  
      
     Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to  
      
     mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to  
restore  
      
     nearby reefs.  
      
        "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with  
     ninety-nine percent  of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda  
     Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves  
 
     that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma  
 
     of transplant."  The coral was transplanted from areas that will be  
     disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be  
 
     moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor  
     construction in the bay.  
      
        Since September, live corals have been taken from the  
"footprints"  
     of three  proposed new  breakwaters and relocated to a large  
stockpile  
     site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of  
water  
     all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at  
Kawaihae.  
     Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife  
 
     Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic  
     Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii  
     Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy.  
                                                                   
        "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii  
Preparatory  
     Academy have been instrumental the  transplant effort," said John  
     Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator  
      
     for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached  by  
     divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted  
up  
     off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant  
     sites by boat. 
      
        "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and  
after  
     the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton.  
 
     Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine  
     Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three  
 
     years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral.  
 
       
        The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with  
soft,  
     fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They  
     emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea  
for  
     planktonic food.  Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat  
for  
     many species of fish and sea turtles. 
      
        The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National  
     Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S.  
     living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of  
     marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and  
     endangered species.  
      
      
                        ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** 
                                      
                                    ### 
      
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 02:02:15 1996 
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From: ww_gardiner@ccmail.pnl.gov 
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Date: Wed, 20 Mar 1996 22:38 -0800 (PST) 
Subject: Re[2]: FWD>Press Release -First La 
To: SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <01I2KTMAT06Q93626C@pnl.gov> 
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Mitigation should certainly be considered a late option.  Perhaps the real  
reason to celebrate is that these methods may prove useful for reestablishing  
reefs destroyed by other means or from previous damage. 
 
To declare the project an "overwhelming success" after a short time seems a bit  
premature, but hopeful.  Most wetland mitigation projects are observed over a  
period of years before they are considered a success.  Some may do quite well  
for the first year or so, only to crash later on. 
 
Bill Gardiner 
Battelle Marine Sciences Lab 
 
______________________________ Reply Separator _________________________________ 
Subject: Re: FWD>Press Release -First La 
Author:  SOBELJ@dccmc.mhs.compuserve.com at -SMTPlink 
Date:    3/20/96 4:04 PM 
 
 
Response to recent posting by Mark Eaking below of Press Release on  
Large-scale coral reef removal and replanting: 
      
Let's not forget what mitigation projects are all about, at best they are  
designed to minimize or make-up for damage/destruction.  While  
transplanting mitigation may beat reef annihilation, the destruction of  
natural reefs for port development hardly seems worthy of hoopla and  
celebration.  Even if necessary, it seems that we should be saddened  
somewhat by the price we must pay in lost natural habitat.  Furthermore,  
to declare the project an overwhelming success story because most of the  
transplanted corals are still alive a few months after the initial reef  
removal and transplant seems especially ludicrous.  Am I missing  
something here? 
      
Original message follows: 
Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Press Release -First Large Scale  
Transplant/Hawaii 
      
  FYI.  I am merely forwarding the message and have no further 
information on 
this.  For further information, please see contacts in press release. 
      
Mark 
      
------------------------------------------ 
     Southwest Region, Pacific Area Office, 2570 Dole Street, Room 106,  
     Honolulu, HI 96822. 
      
      
     FOR INFORMATION CONTACT:                   FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE: 
        John Naughton                           March 20,1996  
        at (808) 973-2940 (Honolulu, HI) 
        or Sue Smith (619) 546-7070 (San Diego, CA) 
      
      
        FIRST LARGE-SCALE TRANSPLANT OF LIVE CORAL TAKES PLACE IN 
      
                                HAWAII 
      
        In the first large-scale coral transplant project ever conducted, 
      
      
     nearly fourteen tons of live corals have been successfully 
      
     transplanted from one location to another in Kawaihae Bay, Hawaii, 
the 
      
     Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration 
      
     announced today. The project was recommended by NOAA's National 
Marine 
      
     Fisheries Service and funded by the U.S.Army Corps of Engineers to 
      
     mitigate coral loss during proposed harbor construction and to 
restore 
      
     nearby reefs. 
      
        "The Kawaihae project has been an unprecedented success, with 
     ninety-nine percent  of the coral surviving relocation," said Hilda  
     Diaz Soltero, Director of NMFS' Southwest Region. "This study proves 
      
     that large quantities of these living animals can survive the trauma 
      
     of transplant."  The coral was transplanted from areas that will be  
     disrupted by harbor construction that begins next week , and will be 
      
     moved from holding areas to reefs damaged during past harbor  
     construction in the bay. 
      
        Since September, live corals have been taken from the 
"footprints" 
     of three  proposed new  breakwaters and relocated to a large 
stockpile 
     site and seven experimental sites ranging from 10 to 50 feet of 
water 
     all within a half mile of the proposed small boat harbor at 
Kawaihae. 
     Participants in the project include NMFS, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
      
     Service, Corps of Engineers, State of Hawaii Division of Aquatic  
     Resources, and the staff and students of the University of Hawaii  
     Institute of Marine Biology and Hawaii Preparatory Academy. 
      
        "Volunteer divers from the Science Department of Hawaii 
Preparatory 
     Academy have been instrumental the  transplant effort," said John  
     Naughton, Pacific Island Environmental Coordinator 
      
     for NMFS' Southwest Region. Coral heads were carefully detached  by  
     divers and gently placed in large wire trays which were then lifted 
up 
     off the bottom and transported while still submerged to transplant  
     sites by boat. 
      
        "We'll continue to monitor coral transplant sites during and 
after 
     the nearby harbor construction to see how they fare," said Naughton. 
      
     Students and staff from University of Hawaii Institute of Marine  
     Biology are under contract to monitor the transplant sites for three 
      
     years to obtain data on the growth rates and mortality of the coral. 
      
      
        The coral animals themselves are tiny, cuplike creatures with 
soft, 
     fragile bodies about which they secrete a hard stony skeleton. They  
     emerge only at night when their tentacles expand to sweep the sea 
for 
     planktonic food.  Restored coral reefs should provide new habitat 
for 
     many species of fish and sea turtles. 
      
        The National Marine Fisheries Service, an agency of the National 
     Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, studies and manages U.S.  
     living marine resources and is responsible for the protection of  
     marine mammals and sea turtles as well as marine habitats and  
     endangered species. 
      
      
                        ***VIDEO FOOTAGE AVAILABLE*** 
      
                                    ### 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 05:22:51 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 11:03:29 +0100 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN) 
Subject: Books on Mururoa and Fangatofa atolls. Answer to mschultz 
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Dear, 
 
As coral reef ecologist quiet well known since near 30 years in our coral reef communinity, and as member of the 
scientific council of the "Direction des Centres d'Exprimentations nuclaires" (with my friend Prof. Bernard 
SALVAT, and other french scientists involve in studies), head of the nuclear tests in Mururoa and Fangataufa atolls, I 
have to inform you that you could find revelant informations on these atolls and the nuclear tests in the 3 books 
published by the Ministre de la Dfense/DIRCEN and the scientific editor MASSON, ed. in Paris, Milan & 
Barcelone, 
 
These 3 books (a 4rth is in preparartion) are entitled : 
 
"Les atolls de Mururoa et de Fangataufa (Polynsie franaise". 
 
Tome 1. 1993. Gologie, Ptrologie, Hydrogologie, dification et volution des difices. (= Geology, petrology, 
building and evolution of the edifice) by G. GUILLE, G. GOUTIERE, J.F. SORNEIN, with coll. of D. BUIGHES, C. 
GUY, A. GACHON : 168 pp. 82 fig. ISBN n  : 2-11-087427-9. 
(this volume deals with the hydrogeological problems of atolls) 
 
Tome 2. 1995. Les exprimentations nuclaires. Effets mcaniques, lumino-thermiques, lectromagnetiques.(= The 
nuclear tests. Mecanical, ligh-thermic and electromagnetic effect) by J. BOUCHEZ, R. LECOMTE, with the coll. of 
J. BRUGIES, Ch. GUERRINI, J.F. SORNEIN, J.-L. PLANTET, E. BLANC : 189 pp., >16 fig. ISBN n  : 2-225-
84906-4. 
 
Tome 3. 1995. Le milieu vivant et son volution.(= The living environment and its evolution) by J.P. BABLET, B. 
GOUT, G. GOUTIERE, with the coll. of J.Y. TREGUIER, F. POIRRIER and H. TYMEN : 307 pp., 87 fig. ISBN n  : 
2-225-84907-2. 
 
The first issues of these well documented books (written for scientist and graduate student levels) are in french (of 
course !), but english issues are published or in preparation. 
But I know from my experience, that when a scientist want to read an interesting book or paper he could always ask 
the help of colleague, or a foreingh student in stage in the lab., university, and so on...to have a short translation. 
So before to discuss, please get the informations..."at the fount of the knowledge". 
 
Sincerely yours and Best regards to all knowing me. 
 
Bernard A. Thomassin 
 
 
Bernard A. THOMASSIN 
Centre d'Ocanologie de Marseille (CNRS-URA n 41), 
Station marine d'Endoume, 
traverse de la Batterie des Lions, 
13007 Marseille, France. 
tl.lab.: (33) 91 04 16 17 
tl. home: (33) 91 40 35 24 (if Urgent) 
fax: (33) 91 04 16 35 
e-mail: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 07:17:50 1996 
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From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Belize Coastal Zone Management Project 
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9603211114.B@pc-esd.ukc.ac.uk> 
Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 11:40:14 +0000 (gmt) 
Priority: NORMAL 
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Dear all 
 
Does anybody knows the e-mail adress for someone  
involved in the Belize Coastal Zone Management  
Project or the adress of an organisation taking part  
in the project. 
 
 
Thanks 
 
 
William Moreno 
Durrel Institute of Conservation  
wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 08:45:59 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 08:30:50 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Personal Marketing 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960321081419.29829A-100000@coral> 
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Dear coral-list subscribers, 
 
	It has come to my attention by several subscribers that the 
coral-list may not be the best forum for marketing of personal skills 
(job hunting) or publications unrelated to coral health.  Therefore, I 
would like to ask the cooperation of the subscribers that they not post 
personal qualifications for job appointments to the coral-list.  However, 
if enough subscribers are interested (AND if we get any further 
funding!), I will consider placing a special section on our World-Wide 
Web Home Page for personnel related issues.  If you have any other ideas 
or thoughts regarding this topic, please let me know, as we *do* want to 
keep our best minds at work doing something they like!  If you feel this 
*is* the forum for posting new job availabilities, then I would 
appreciate knowing this, too.  Please send your messages directly to me 
(hendee@aoml.noaa.gov), instead of the whole list, if you wish your 
position to remain confidential.  
 
	Many thanks for your thoughts and gracious consideration. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list Administrator 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 12:00:49 1996 
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Message-ID: <n1384715054.8311@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 21 Mar 1996 11:23:03 -0500 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Diadema dieoffs in the 1 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        "Patterson, Matt E" <PATTERSON_M@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-QM 3.0.2 
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        Reply to:   RE>Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's 
 
Some of the papers on the dieoff and subsequent effects are: 
 
Carpenter, R. C. (1985). "Sea urchin mass-mortality: effects on reef algal 
abundance, species  composition, and metabolism and other coral 
reefherbivores. Abstract." Proceedings of the Fifth International Coral Reef 
Congress, Tahiti 4: 53. 
Carpenter, R. C. (1988). "Mass mortality of a Caribbean sea urchin: immediate 
effects on community  metabolism and other herbivores." Proceedings of the 
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of  America 85: 511-514. 
Carpenter, R. C. (1990). "Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum II. Effects on 
population  densities and grazing intensity of parrotfishes and 
surgeonfishes." Marine Biology 104: 79-86. 
Carpenter, R. C. (1990). "Mass mortality of Diadema antillarum  I. Long-term 
effects on sea  urchin population-dynamics and coral reef algal communities." 
Marine Biology 104: 67-77. 
Liddell, W. D. and S. L. Ohlhorst (1986). "Changes in benthic community 
composition following the mass mortality of Diadema at Jamaica." Journal of 
Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 95(3): 271-278. 
Lessios, H. A., P. W. Glynn, et al. (1983). "Mass mortalities of coral reef 
organisms." Science 222: 715. 
 
 
-------------------------------------- 
Date: 3/20/96 6:16 PM 
To: Mark Eakin 
From: Patterson, Matt E 
 
I am in the process of compiling information about the dieoff events of 
Diadema antillarum in the Florida Keys as well as 
the rest of the Caribbean.  I am interested in both information about the 
mid-eighties dieoff as well as any information on 
more recent events (Forcucci,1994).  Any advice or information would be 
greatly appreciated. 
 
Matt Patterson 
Florida Marine Research Institute 
Coral Reef Research Team 
e-mail: Patterson_m@harpo.dep.state.fl.us 
 
 
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From: "Patterson, Matt E" <PATTERSON_M@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: Diadema dieoffs in the 1980's 
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 16:29:56 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Mar 1996 14:09:16 -0600 (CST) 
From: "Ayax R. Diaz R." <adiaz@calafia.uabcs.mx> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Looking for M. E. Huber 
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.960321134754.6353B-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx> 
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Dear all: 
 
Does anybody knows the e-mail address of PhD M. E. Huber? 
He was working in 1987 in the Marine Biology Research Division, 
A002, Scripps Institution of Oceanography; the subject of his work was a  
little simbiont of corals, the crab Trapezia. 
 
I'm working on an ecological experiment with corals and their crabs so I  
need all the information I can get. If anyone in this organization could  
help me sending all related information I would really thank you all. 
 
 
Hope someone answer this message. Thanks 
 
 
Ayax Rolando Diaz Ruiz 
Reef Fauna Proyect - Biologia Marina - UABCS 
Km. 5.5 Carretera al Sur, Apto. Postal 19 - B 
C.P. 23080. La Paz, B. C. S. Mexico. 
E-mail adiaz@calafia.uabcs.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 21 21:58:59 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Researchers Directory 
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Since we are all gathered here to discuss coral health, it is tempting to  
say, "Oh, by the way, do you know where I can find Dr. Whomever?"  To  
that end, I will construct a Coral Researchers Directory (although I  
can't make it real fancy at this time), and I'll try to make it easy for  
you to add your name and personal information, should you choose to do  
so.  That way, we can all check the directory, rather than flood the list  
with "Whither Dr. Feelgood?" types of messages. 
 
To add your name to the Coral Researchers Directory send the following 
information to: 
 
	lagoon@coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
with your name (Last Name, First Name) in the Subject line of your 
message:  
 
Name:		(How you'd like it to appear, e.g., Vice-Pres. Al Gore) 
Title:		 
Institution: 
Address Line 1:	 
Address Line 2: 
Address Line 3: 
City: 
State or Province: 
Country: 
Business Phone: 
Business Fax: 
E-mail: 
Other info:	(Let 'er rip, up to, say, 20 lines, if you'd like.) 
 
I know some of you may be tired from staying up all night slaving over a 
hot microscope, but PLEASE be careful to only send this information to: 
 
	lagoon@coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
and not to any of the other various addresses associated with this 
program.  I really appreciate your help and cooperation. 
 
I'll post the whereabouts of the Directory after I get enough names (and  
enough time!).  The Directory will hopefully be updated fairly  
routinely, say, two or three times a week. 
 
I hope this helps facilitate networking of the coral research community. 
 
Take care... 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list administrator 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 22 13:10:44 1996 
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From: Kris Metzger <Metzger@hboi.edu> 
To: "'SMTP:coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Chlorine to corals - toxicity? 
Date: Fri, 22 Mar 96 12:25:00 PST 
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Can anyone provide any information on toxic effects of chlorine, bleach 
or hypochloride on corals?  I don't want information on coral bleaching. 
 
I have already searched Biological Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts, 
Oceanic Abstracts, Pollution Abstracts, ASFA and Zool. Rec. and I 
have found some journal articles, but not much.  I'm hoping that 
someone can direct me to some gray literature. 
 
Thanks very much for your help.   Kristen 
 
Kristen L. Metzger, Librarian 
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 
5600 U.S. 1 North 
Ft. Pierce FL 34946 USA 
 
(800)333-4264, Ext. 201 
(407)465-2446, FAX 
metzger@hboi.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 22 14:16:00 1996 
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Date: Fri, 22 Mar 1996 13:33:16 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Other Directories 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960322132955.3141E-100000@coral> 
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As many of you may already know, there are existing printed directories  
of coral researchers.  Here is one source: 
 
Eldredge, L.G.  1987.  Coral Reef Researchers:  Pacific.  UNEP Regional Seas 
Directories and Bibliographies, Food and Agriculture Organization of the 
United Nations, Rome.  104 p.   
 
The International Society of Reef Studies and the Pacific Science  
Association also publish directories.  They, and other associations with  
directories, are herewith invited to broadcast the availability of such  
publications. 
 
	Yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 23 19:39:10 1996 
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Date: Sun, 24 Mar 1996 10:47:03 +1000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> 
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Clarification:  The two grey literature reports announced as available before : 
1.   Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1994) Mass-bleaching of coral reefs in French 
Polynesia, April 1994.   
2.   Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1995) The mass bleaching of coral reefs in the 
Central Pacific in 1994.  A followup study and establishment of long-term 
monitoring sites.  
... are available at the URL http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/gp1.html.   
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                     Ph:       (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences         Fax:      (02) 351-4119 
Building A08                                 Mobile:  014 811 935            
University of Sydney                     Country code Australia = 61 
2006 NSW Australia 
 
OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg.html 
Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html 
One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 25 11:04:07 1996 
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Date: Mon, 25 Mar 1996 10:44:09 -0500 (EST) 
From: CLAY Beauregard <clay@nsu.acast.nova.edu> 
To: Coral Health Mailing List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
cc: COASTNET mailing list <coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu> 
Subject: Ciguatera 
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Dear subscribers, 
 
I am looking for any information (online or not) documenting ciguatera  
cases in the Caribbean during the last couple decades.  I am writing my  
M.S. thesis paper on the distribution of ciguatera in Florida and the  
Caribbean region.  I have plenty of case studies and first-hand accounts,  
but I am looking for trends or statistics of reported cases from various  
Caribbean locations.  The CDC takes reports and has published several  
cases in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, but I don't believe they  
keep statistics since ciguatera is not really a reportable disease, but a  
biotoxin poisoning.   
 
If anyone can point me in the right direction, I would be very grateful.   
You can respond to me personally if you wish. 
 
Thank you, 
 
Clay Beauregard  
Nova Southeastern University Oceanographic Center 
(W) 954-920-1909 
(F) 954-947-8557 
clay@nsu.acast.nova.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 25 15:10:14 1996 
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Date: 	Mon, 25 Mar 1996 09:46:30 -1000 
From: Marian B Westley <westley@hawaii.edu> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Subject: mangroves and coral reefs 
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Dear subscribers, 
 
I am looking for information to support statements like the following:  
"cutting of mangrove trees which normally entrap sediments can result in  
excessive siltation for nearby seagrass beds and reefs from runoff from  
heavy rains" (from C.S. Rogers (1990) Responses of coral reefs and reef  
organisms to sedimentation. Marine Ecology Progress Series 62:185-202). 
 
I am particularly interested in cases where mangroves have been cut down  
and consequent damage to reefs has been documented. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Marian Westley 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 03:43:31 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
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Hope somebody out there can help me out. Looking for info on carbonate 
production, in situ measueremnt techniques, reefs in terrigenous-carbonate 
settings, particularly for Pacific tropical/temperate reefs. 
 
Cheers 
 
Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
Fax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 04:41:08 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
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Need information on South Pacific reefs concerning tagging, carbonate 
production (in situ measuerment techniques), whats being done on reefs in 
small island nations of the South Pacific, effects of terrigenous 
sedimentation on carbonate production, terrigenous-carbonate transitions. 
 
Cheers, oliver 
 
Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
Fax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 25 16:39:34 1996 
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From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Researchers Directory 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.960321204102.1146A-100000@coral> 
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The revised Directory of Coral Reef Researchers of the World is well in 
hand and now contains more than 1000 names.  [This directory will include 
names, professional addresses, telephone, fax, e-mail, and scientific 
interests, indexed on subject, taxonomic interest, and geographic areas of 
interest and residence].  Each individual researcher will receive a copy 
for verification of his/her entry as it currently exists.  For the most 
part the entires pre-date e-mail.  The verification will also request 
e-mail addresses for each of the researchers [telephone and fax are 
already included but also need verification].  At this time, I should very 
much appreciate your sending me your e-mail address and any other 
pretinent information to help expedite the completion of this directory.   
[Please let me know whether or not you would like an original  
questionnaire as as to be included in this first round.]  I anticipate a  
draft copy of this directory by the time of the Panama meeting.  
 
Aloha,  
 
Lu Eldredge 
Pacific Science Association 
P.O. Box 17801 
Honolulu, HI 96817 
 
FAX (1) 808-847-8252 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 00:42:23 1996 
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 Mon, 25 Mar 96 21:17:48 PST 
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 13:16:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: "Ma. Carmen Ablan" <M.ABLAN@cgnet.com> 
To: coral list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Hi!  I've been receiving a lot of material from coral-list passed on to me  
from a variety of sources.  Would it be possible for me to receive these  
regularly from you?  I am currently team leader of ReefBase here at ICLARM.  
 John McManus, our project leader receives coral-list updates himself but  
information he passes on to me gets delayed when he is away on travel. 
 
Thank you so much for taking time.  I really appreciate your efforts in  
getting coral-list organized. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Ma. Carmen A. Ablan 
Team Leader 
ReefBase 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 10:55:24 1996 
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Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 10:33:39 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Online Coral Researchers Directory 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960326102305.4541B-100000@coral> 
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The Online Coral Researchers Directory is now listed as a link off the 
main CHAMP Home Page at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov.  As you will see from 
the "disclaimer", this is only meant to supplement the various existing 
coral researchers directories within the coral research community.  I'm 
open for suggestions, but please remember that since this project is now 
operating "out of hide", we can't do much that is fancy at this time.  For 
that very reason, the Directory is not at all fancy, but it does at least 
make for some interesting reading! 
 
The Directory will be updated automatically every night at about 9:00 pm 
Eastern Time (USA).  If you have sent in your registration information, 
but do not see the posting, it is just because I haven't yet reviewed the 
information. I'll get to it as soon as I can. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 16:38:13 1996 
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 26 Mar 1996 13:17 -0800 (PST) 
Resent-date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 13:17 -0800 (PST) 
Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 13:17:50 -0800 (PST) 
From: Christopher Ledford <cel1@axe.humboldt.edu> 
Subject: Getting an MS in coral reef ecology 
To: ecology Coral reef <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Message-id: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.960326131258.3573B-100000@axe.humboldt.edu> 
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	I am currently attending Humboldt State University working on my  
BS in Marine Biology. I am looking for schools (world wide) that have a  
Masters program dealing with coral reef ecology.  Thank you for any help. 
 
Chris Ledford 
cel1@axe.humboldt.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 27 07:23:31 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 06:48:55 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Appropriate Subjects 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960327064406.13614G-100000@wave> 
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Dear Esteemed Subscribers, 
 
	I very much appreciate your interest in this list-server.  It  
would be most helpful if we could all confine our discussions to the  
following subjects (or at least close), taken from the original  
informational notice to new subscribers: 
 
	o  bleaching events 
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases 
	o  high predation on coral reefs 
	o  environmental monitoring sites 
	o  incidences of coral spawnings 
	o  shipwrecks on reefs 
	o  international meetings and symposia 
	o  funding opportunities 
	o  marine sanctuary news 
	o  new coral-related publications 
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology 
	o  coral health initiatives 
	o  new and historical data availability 
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology 
	o  recent reports on coral research 
 
 
	Thank you very much for your help and cooperation. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list administrator 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 27 10:21:33 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 10:09:19 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Subjects, clarified 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960327095610.6627A-100000@coral> 
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I fear I may have been misunderstood.  ANYTHING having to do with coral 
reef biology or coral reefs in general (e.g., palaeocology of reefs) is 
welcome on this list.  What I feel are inappropriate messages are 
"flamings" of individuals, subjects that do not relate directly to coral 
research (e.g., things with religious overtones, postings of, say, 
deep-sea research, etc.), and perhaps commercial solicitations which will 
not help the coral research community.  However, let me know if you feel 
differently. 
 
Thanks, 
 
Jim Hendee 
coral-list administrator 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Mar 27 10:52:40 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 10:52:39 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: Jim Hendee <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: National Religious Partnership for the Environment (NRPE) 
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Accidentally deleted from coral-list archives: 
 
>From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Mar 26 16:01:54 1996 
Status: RO 
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Date: Tue, 26 Mar 1996 15:47:28 -0500 
To: ellenbethw@aol.com, mmandell@doc.gov, mrand@dorsai.dorsai.org, 
        allison@ewg.org, ahoffnun@hillel.org, jroth@hillel.org, 
        tmoran@hillel.org, aray@oaservera2.ssmc.noaa.gov, 
        /S=M.KNAPP/OU1=W01A@mhs-fswa.attmail.com, FISHFOLK@mitvma.mit.edu, 
        sboa@nsf.gov, osman@nwf.org, lmersfelder@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, 
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Subject:  National Religious Partnership for the Environment (NRPE) 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
 
FYI- please disseminate as appropriate to those who might  be interested 
 
 
DOES THE EARTH HAVE A PRAYER? 
 
The NRPE invites the environmental community and its friends to a 
discussion on religion and the enviromnment:  " Does the earth have a 
prayer?"  This program is designed to build bridges of communication and 
understanding between communities of faith and environmentalists who 
share a concern for the natural world.  We will discuss our specific 
constituencies and why we care about environmental issues, and 
explore ways in which we can work together and inspire one another. 
 
Speakers include: 
 
Paul Gorman, Director and Daniel Schwartz, Associate Director National 
Religious Partnership for the Environment 
 
Michal Smart, Co-Director, Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life 
 
Drew Christiansen, Director, Office of International Justice and Peace, 
U.S. Catholic Conference. 
 
Paz Artaza-Regan, United Methodist Church, National Council of 
Churches for Christ. 
 
Dr. Ron Sider, President, Evangelicals for Social Action. 
 
Date;  April 12, 1996 
Time:  12:30 to 2:30 
Place: 1616 P St., NW, 7th floor 
Washington, D.C.   
 
Please RSVP with number attending to Mara Osman, National Wildlife 
Federation, 202-797-6818 
internet: osman@nwf.org 
 
The NRPE was established in 1992 and is a collaboration of the U.S. 
Catholic Conference, the National Council of Churhces for Christ, the 
Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life and the Evangelical 
Environmental Network.  With those member groups, the Partnership 
serves more than 100 million Americans and has undertaken a 
mobilization which represents the religious community's fullest and most 
formal entry into environmental activity. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 00:02:38 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 05:32:04 +0000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
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Are there currently projects underway monitoring the effects of terrigenous 
sedimentation on carbonate production rates, carbonate sedimentation? 
 
Cheers, Oliver 
 
Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
Fax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 00:02:45 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Since I am new to this list I would like to have some info on what is new 
on coral-related publications, recent reports on coral research, 
controversial topics in reef ecology, environmental monitoring sites, 
international meetings and symposia, and new and historical data 
availability. 
 
Thanks, oLiver 
 
Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
Fax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 03:08:46 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 08:42:51 GMT 
From: pichon@univ-perp.fr (michel pichon) 
Message-Id: <199603280842.IAA04133@gala.univ-perp.fr> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral bleaching 
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A CORAL BLEACHING EPISODE IN FRENCH POLYNESIA 
 
The onset of a coral bleaching episode has been observed at Moorea 
 
(Society Islands, French Polynesia) at the beginning of February 1996, 
 
by the permanent staff of the "Centre de Recherches Insulaires et 
 
Observatoire de l'Environnement/Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes". 
 
(C.R.I.O.B.E./E.P.H.E.). The intensity of the phenomenon is moderate, 
 
and it has not been reported from other French Polynesian islands, 
 
where a network of observers is monitoring the situation. Some 
 
unconfirmed reports, however, suggest that very localized coral 
 
bleaching took place on Tahiti, Bora Bora and Rangiroa, in the 
 
lagoons as well as on the outer reef slopes.  The bleaching does not 
 
appear to have gained in intensity since it was first noticed early in 
 
February. At the beginning of March, at a depth of 9m, on the outer 
 
reef slope on the north coast of Moorea, 27% of all coral colonies 
were  
affected by  the phenomenon, with 17% partly bleached and 10%  
wholly or partly fluorescent. The genera most bleached were 
 
Montipora, Acropora and Pocillopora. 
 
 B. Salvat 
 Y Chancerelle 
 
email  :  pol@univ-perp.fr 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 03:48:09 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 09:27:01 +0000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
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Are there currently projects underway monitoring the effects of terrigenous 
sedimentation on carbonate production rates, carbonate sedimentation? 
 
I would also like to have some info on what is new on coral-related 
publications, recent reports on coral research, controversial topics in 
reef ecology, environmental monitoring sites, international meetings and 
symposia, and new and historical data availability. 
 
Cheers, Oliver 
 
Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
Fax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 09:08:31 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 8:42:26 -0500 (EST) 
From: CLAIR DONNELLY <CDONNE01@servms.fiu.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
CC: CDONNE01@servms.fiu.edu 
Message-Id: <960328084226.20407c35@servms.fiu.edu> 
Subject: Photosynthesis inhibition 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Does anybody have information / experience using DCMU to block  
photosynthesis in stony corals? i.e. quantities used, time it takes to work etc. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
 
Clair Donnelly. 
 
Florida International University 
Department of Biology 
University Park 
Miami 
Florida 33199. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 10:34:10 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 10:14:57 -0500 (EST) 
From: "R.  Hayes" <rhayes@cldc.howard.edu> 
X-Sender: rhayes@kira 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Bleaching - French Polynesia 
Message-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.91.960328095640.14326A-100000@kira> 
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Greetings, 
 
I have just read of the onset of coral bleaching in Moorea, Society  
Islands, French Polynesia (posted by Salvat and Chancerelle).  Has anyone  
noticed, or heard reports of, whether bleaching is occuring in New  
Caledonia, French Polynesia? 
      
Please respond to me directly at <rhayes@access.howard.edu> 
 
Thanks in advance, 
 
Raymond Hayes 
Howard University 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 11:35:57 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 11:12:06 -0500 (EST) 
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
To: michel pichon <pichon@univ-perp.fr> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral bleaching 
In-Reply-To: <199603280842.IAA04133@gala.univ-perp.fr> 
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Michel & Salvat -- Satellite SSTs have been showing 30C water to be  
lurking off to the north and west of Moorea since mid-Feb.  Do you see  
in-sit values cooresponding to this? 
Cheers, 
Al Strong 
 
***************************************************************************** 
                                Alan E. Strong 
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer                 Adj. Asst. Professor 
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA -- E/RA28                        US Naval Academy 
  NOAA Science Center                              Oceanography Department 
  Camp Springs, MD  20233                          Annapolis, MD  21402 
	301-763-8102                                    410-293-6566 [v-mail] 
	astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov                         strong@nadn.navy.mil 
	FAX: 301-763-8020                               FAX: 410-293-213 
     http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html 
***************************************************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 14:15:23 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 13:40:26 -0500 (EST) 
From: atyrell@umiami.ir.miami.edu 
Subject: summer employment 
To: coral list server <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Hello, 
     I am a sophmore in Marine Biology at the University of Miami. I am  
extremly interested in coral.  In particular coral genetics and coral  
bleaching.  I have two summers of experience in coral genetics including  
both lab and field work. I am looking for a paid summer position  
dealing with corals.  If anyone on this list has a position open please  
email me.   
				 
				Thank you, 
				Alicia Tyrell 
				atyrell@umiami.ir.miami.edu  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 17:10:48 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Mar 1996 16:42:08 +0005 
From: Katie Laing <laingk@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu> 
Subject: Alizarine and Halimeda growth rates 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Dear Coral Reef List: 
 
Does anyone have information or experience using Alizarine  
Red-S stain for determining growth rates of calcareous algae?   
I need to know what concentration, how long to stain and  
what time of day gives best results.  I will be working specifically  
with Halimeda and am concerned with the stain interfering with growth  
rates and CNP tissue content. 
 
Thanks in advance for any advice you can share. 
 
Katie (Halimeda is my life) Laing 
Master's Student 
University of North Carolina at Wilmington 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Mar 28 22:40:11 1996 
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Date: 	Thu, 28 Mar 1996 17:21:49 -1000 
From: Deborah Gochfeld <gochfeld@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: gochfeld@uhunix3 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral bleaching in PNG  
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I was very interested in John Rewald's report of bleaching in Milne Bay, 
PNG.  I just returned from PNG where I did extensive diving in Milne Bay 
(Dec 1-15), Madang (Dec 15-Feb 15) and southern New Ireland (Feb 20-Mar 
1).  I did not observe an unusual amount of bleading in Milne Bay in 
December, although it sounds as if this event began more recently.  I also 
did not observe an unusual amount of bleaching in Madang, although there  
were a few white corals here and there.  
 
However, there was an excessive amount of bleaching on the reefs in 
southern New Ireland.  Transects laid at each of 15 sites showed that 
approximately 10-60% of corals in shallow water were bleached.  Bleaching 
on most reefs extended to a depth of 25m.  Most corals were still alive, 
suggesting a very recent event, and the few dead corals were not yet 
covered with algae.  A higher proportion of soft corals were affected, as 
well as a few anemones.  
 
I would be interested in hearing more details about the Milne Bay 
bleaching event and any other known events in the region.  Does anyone 
know whether any monitoring is being undertaken in Milne Bay or elsewhere 
in the region.  I also think that some periodic monitoring should be 
performed in Madang (and perhaps elsewhere along the north coast of PNG), 
if anyone is over that way, as that area is between the two known affected 
areas.  I last dove in Madang around Feb. 15th and did not observe 
bleaching but it would be interesting to know if or when the bleaching 
event progresses to Madang.  
 
If anyone has any further information on these or other bleaching events,  
please post it!! 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Deborah Gochfeld 
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology 
P.O. Box 1346 
Kaneohe, HI 96744 
gochfeld@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 29 07:27:13 1996 
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From: micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) 
Subject: BLEACHING REVIEW 
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If reply then to pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
About my Review on Bleaching (about 150p., 650 refs, and I hope quite 
good), sorry for those who read my message (terribly scrambled by Minitel 
!) and try to get it from the server !. There was quiproquo and it was 
supress from it. Never mind, it will be on Internet but I dont know when. 
In the meantime, at request to me, I will send you a MacIntosh diskette by 
mail.Cheers to all. 
 
MICHAUD francois 
Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine 
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 
La Darse, B-P 48,  
Villefranche sur Mer, France 
Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 
Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 
E-mail : micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 29 07:32:57 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) 
Subject: BLEACHING : NOT UV 
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FROM PECHEUX : pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
The following article was refused by Marine Ecology Progress Series (see at 
end). Please, is there native English-speaking scientist who can check the 
english before an other submission ? Thanks a lot ! Tables and figures send 
at request. 
Also any critics, comments, new informations are wellcome and may be taken 
in account. It can be also be quoted as unpublished with now archive 
coral-list server reference. 
 
ANALYSIS OF OZONE SATELLITE DATA : NO RELATION BETWEEN UV AND REEF MASS 
BLEACHING 
Martin Pecheux, Scientific Consultant, 8, rue Dante, F-06000 NICE,  FRANCE. 
Email : pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
 
Abstract : One of the major threats on Earth ecosystems is the recent and 
worldwide mass bleaching of reef symbioses, yet unexplained. Global warming 
or weather pattern change are probably not the causal factors. Many 
researchers have conducted bleaching experiments with UV, supposed to 
trigger bleaching events. 
Here I analyze Nimbus 7 TOMS ozone data above reef areas from 1979 to 1991. 
There is no trend in ozone amount in tropics at month, season nor year time 
scale, nor more frequent or more pronounced low ozone values. Examination 
of twenty bleaching events did not reveal any correlation with ozone 
drawdown. 
The UV hypothesis must be discarded, and this lets CO2 rise as the last 
serious explanation of reef mass bleaching. 
 
Key-words : ozone, TOMS, Nimbus 7, ultra-violet, reef, bleaching, CO2. 
 
Introduction 
 
recent mass bleaching affects all reef photosynthetic symbioses, not only 
hard corals but also other cnidarians, large foraminifers, sponges and 
Tridacna mollusks, in association with either dinoflagellates, diatoms or 
cyanobacteria, some with no mortality. It corresponds to the ruture of the 
symbiosis with loss of the colored symbionts and/or the photosynthetic 
pigments, hence the name. This phenomenon is worldwide and observed in all 
reef biotopes, without coherent spatial pattern. It began in 1979, and 
seems to increase in magnitude and frequency, becoming chronic (see reviews 
of Williams and Bunkley-Williams, 1990, Smith and Buddmeier, 1992,  Glynn, 
1993, Pecheux, soon on Internet). 
The most worrysome is that the cause is not identified. As bleaching 
generally occurs during hot time, calm sea and clear sky, global warming 
has been often invoked. But global warming is evenly distributed on Earth 
(Jones et al., 1986, Gray, 1990 and ref. herein), in particular not found 
over Caribbean (Atwood et al., 1992, IPCC, 1992). Temperatures are often 
reported to be "above normal" during bleaching but long term data are 
insufficient to label them as abnormally high, apart for the exceptional El 
Nino 1983 in East Pacific (Glynn, 1989) but not elsewhere (Croffroth et 
al., 1989). Morever, good counter-examples exist, as for the well studied 
Great Barrier Reef 1982 event with normal temperature (Coffroth et al., 
1989) or bleaching of large foraminifers at less than 27oC in Florida 
1991-1993 (Hallock and Talge, 1993, Hallock et al., 1995). 
Convincing evidences of a climatic shift in the late 70's are accumulating, 
primarly with an increase of evaporation in marine tropical areas (Flohn 
and Kappala, 1989, Kumar et al., 1994, Graham, 1995), but with a pattern 
similar to El Nino, i.e. not worldwide. Mass bleaching have been suspected 
to be a consequence of formation of dense hot hypersaline waters (Jaap, 
1988, Odgen and Wicklund, 1988, Lang et al., 1989), favourized by 
evaporation, but such formation is excluded when slack winds (Pecheux, 
1996, Annex 2). On the other hand, probable increase of mean wind speeds by 
enhanced convection (Flohn and Kappala, 1989, but see Graham, 1995) seems 
to rule out more frequent doldrum times in warm tropical areas. 
With the coincidence of the advents of mass bleaching and the Antartic 
ozone hole around 1979, many researchers have considered ultra-violet (UV) 
as the primary cause. Many biological experiments have been carried out 
(Scelfo, 1986, Siebeck, 1988, Lesser and Schick, 1989, Lesser et al., 1990, 
Schick et al., 1991, Hallock and Talge, 1993, Reaka-Kudla et al., 1993, 
Gleason and Wellington, 1993) and measures done in situ (Gleason and 
Wellington, 1993, Drollet et al., 1994), although it was already known that 
mean stratospheric ozone had not yet decreased in tropics (Bowman and 
Krueger, 1985, Frederick and Serafino, 1985, Herman et al., 1991, Stolarski 
et al., 1991, see  last synthesis in Stolarski et al., 1992, Herman and 
McPeters, 1993). 
It was necessary to verify if this holds also at seasonal time scale, or if 
variation had not increased with concomitent more frequent low ozone 
values. A third posibility might have been that mass bleaching events would 
be triggered by "mini-ozone holes". Ozone drawdowns are known to occur at 
time scale of few days in latitude as low as Texas (Michaels et al., 1994). 
Moreover these drawdowns are associated with anticyclonic features, 
suggesting their advent during doldrum time, although this correlation is 
the weakest in tropics (Barsby and Diab, 1995). In order to examine those 
possibilities, I analyzed available data on ozone level in tropics, as 
measured by the Nimbus 7 satellite. 
 
Data 
Whole column ozone quantities have been mesured by the Solar Backscatter 
Ultraviolet/Total Ozone Map Spectrophotometer (SBUV/TOMS) aboard the NOAA 
Nimbus 7 satellite since November 1978. Its principle is based on the ratio 
of sun backscatter radiations at 312 nm and 331 nm lengthwave, one strongly 
absorbed by ozone while the other not. Data are freely available from the 
Goddard Space Flight Center (DAAC User Service, Global Change Data Center, 
Code 902.2, Greenbelt, MD 20771) in specific format of ASCII files on three 
CD-ROMs covering the period from November 1978 to January 1991. Daily 200 
000 measures over the globe are averaged in a grid 1o latitude x 1.25o 
longitude, corresponding to 111 x 139 km squared at equator. Ozone 
quantities are expressed in Dobson units, corresponding to hundreth of 
millimeter of an equivalent pure ozone layer at sea level pressure and 
temperature. Missing values represent 2.4% to 5.7% of the data, evenly 
distributed in first approximation (not shown). 
I selected 36 reef locations, using ozone values of the nearest TOMS grid 
point (Tab. 1). Spatial ozone gradient is weak, with absolute difference 
between adjacent squares of a mean and standard deviation of about 3 
Dobsons, and maximum difference roughly ten time greater, as checked in the 
GBR and Florida areas. I restricted the data from the 1st January 1979 to 
the 31th December 1991 (4745 days) to eliminate winter biais in trend 
analysis. Programs of data extraction from CD-ROMs, with patch reads by 
trap calls to Operating System primitives for reasonnable speed of lecture, 
and those of data analysis were written in Think PascalR on Macintosh, and 
displayed with StatViewR. 
 
Results 
General trends 
As it was already known, there is no decrease of ozone level in tropics 
between 21.5oS to 20.5oN for studied locations, with p always > 0.05 for 
1979 to 1991. Even positive trends are observed in Chiriqui and San Blas, 
Panama, and Venezuela (with p=0.009, 0.017, 0.056 respectively). North of 
20.5oN, decrease of ozone becomes sensible (p<0.0005), with trend downto 
1.2% per year in Aqaba (with no mass bleaching) and Bermuda. A similar 
pattern is seen with selection of the lowest values of each month, with 
p<0.05 only north of 29.5oN (one value selected) or north of 26.5oN (four 
values selected), exception Oahu, 21.5oN, with a weak trend=-0.475 
Dobson/year, p=0.029, r2=0.764. 
Trends for each month are similar, with no significant trend between at 
least 15oS and 15oN. They group into the four seasons (Fig. 1). In the 
Southern hemisphere, a weak negative trend is observed in summer, 
increasing with latitude (-0.63 Dobson/year in New Caledonia, with no mass 
bleaching reported), but none in the Northern hemisphere summer, even to 
the northernmost tropical latitudes (and temperate ones, not shown). 
In addition, ozone values are at their highest level in summer in both 
hemispheres, May-August in the North and August-December in the South, with 
a cross of seasonality pattern around 5oS. The lowest ozone values for the 
1979-1991 period always occured in June-August south of 5oS and 
November-February north of it. The 20th lowest values are mostly 
encountered in northern locations in winters 1983, 1985 and 1988, and in 
southern locations in winters 1985, 1990, 1980, and also in summers 1984 
and 1987 (when no mass bleaching is reported). 
 
Correlation with bleaching events 
I restricted my study to twenty bleaching events for which time of advent 
is known within a month (Tab. 2). A first visual inspection quickly 
revealed very few low values of ozone for the time of year at time of 
bleaching, or within the two months before the event, nor drawdown of 
ozone. 
I compared the mininimum and the mean ozone values during either one or two 
months before bleaching (using as date the last day indicated or the end of 
the month if days were unprecised in references) with the same values for 
equivalent periods in 1979-1991. There is no difference with the 1979-1991 
mean (range -6.77 to 7.14 Dobson, mean 0.79 plus/minus 4.09 for two months 
period). It could always be found another year with lower mean and minimum. 
Exceptions are Bahamas, September 1987, and Bermuda, August 1988, where 
values are often near the lower range, with about ten days of lowest values 
upon the two months period. Only San Blas, Panama, with bleaching in June 
1983, shows clearly lowest values during the 1-15 May (257-269 Dobson, mean 
263.5 plus/minus 3.4, versus decade 256-293, mean 273.9 plus/minus 7.0), 
however within only 1.5 standard deviation for this two weeks. 
Transient ozone drawdowns of a few days were quantified by the difference 
between the daily data and the centered rectangular moving average on 
(best) three weeks, and more precisely, by the square of only negative 
value of this difference, emphasizing remarkable low events, also both for 
one or two months period before bleaching events. No differences for the 
drawdown indexes are noticeable with the 1979-1991 mean (-0.108 to 0.360, 
mean -0.078 plus/minus 0.0.363 for the squared index over two months) and 
lower minima and means could always be found in other years. Particularly 
low values of drawdown indexes associated with bleaching in Jamaica 1987, 
Pari 1983 and Looe Key 1983, but are due to jigsaw records from quite high 
levels ; and in Lizard island, GBR (event between the 15 December 1981 and 
7 January 1982), with a pretty fall of ozone from the 16 to 22 December, 
downto 254 Dobsons, i.e. 5 to 15 Dobsons below moving average, but there 
are usual falls downto 240-250 Dobsons in December and January. Moreover, 
the GBR 1982 event appeared synchronously over 500 km, and ozone values 
over the Magnetic and Myrmydon islands areas, though with some 
parrallellism, show no drawdown. 
Also relevant, bleaching was observed in 1987 in Florida in mid-July at 
Looe Key and end-August at Key Largo (Jaap, 1988), whereas the ozone 
records are very similar with difference of -1.10 plus/minus 0.85 Dobson, 
range -19 to 12, mainly because of a time lag of one day between this two 
sites (Fig. 2A). 
 
Discussion 
 
These results confirm previous analysis of an abscence of trend of ozone in 
tropics and extended them for month and seasonal time scales, as well as 
for variance and particularly low values. 
Ozone level is at its highest in summer when mass bleaching usually occurs. 
Its record appears highly variable at annual and interannual scale (ex. 
fig. 2A). In fact, the volcano impacts (El Chichon, March 1992, Nevado del 
Ruiz, November 1985, Pinatubo, June 1991) are not discernable in the raw 
data unless removal of seasonal, ENSO, QBO and 11 years sun cycles (Zerefos 
et al., 1992, Herman and McPeters 1993), contrary to a suggestion that 
preferential bleaching in 1983, 1986-88 and 1991 might have been due to 
those volcanic eruptions (Hallock and Talge, 1993). 
The abscence of any trend nor correlation between ozone low and mass 
bleaching implicates that UV are not the primary cause of the phenomenon. 
An indirect UV effect, due to higher water transparency in reason of a 
would-be global increase of doldrum time in tropics was suggested by 
Gleason and Wellington (1993). But periods with very calm sea certainly 
occur already in the past decades. Moreover, mass bleaching is often 
observed in very shallow waters and long term change of irradiation in one 
meter depth water or less can be only negligable. 
Of course, this does not preclude that UV play is one of the stress, 
perhaps important, as shown in situ by UV shielding of large foraminifers 
during an event (Hallock and Talge, 1993) or of upward transplanted corals 
(Gleason and Wellington, 1993), but just like visible light, probably 
involved at the photoinhibition site, the PS II D1 protein Qb site (Friso 
et al., 1995, Day and Vogelmann, 1995, and ref. herein). 
Large foraminifers, which at contrast to corals continue to calcify during 
bleaching, show, even in the stable conditions of front reef facies bathed 
by pristine open ocean waters, spectacular shell abnormalities (Pecheux in 
Muller et al., 1991, unpublished, Hallock and Talge, 1993, Hallock et al., 
1995), almost unknown in sub-present or geological times (in prep.). This 
clearly emphasizes the recent appearance of mass bleaching and its real 
signifiance at long term planetary level. 
Given bleaching occurance, its explanation must hold for all latitudes and 
longitudes in tropics, for all reef biotopes (from 0 to 100 m depth, lagoon 
to fore-reef, isolated islands to barriers). It must involved a fundamental 
biochemical process, as implicated by the biodiversity of reef 
photosynthetic symbioses, exclusively and all affected, symbioses which 
constitute the founder of this ecosystem. This excludes complex 
regional-differentiated climatic or hydrologic changes origin and lets 
ozone depletion and CO2 rise as the only alternatives. Now the UV 
hypothesis can be also rejected with good confidence. 
As supported by theoritical arguments and preliminary CO2-induced bleaching 
experiments (Pecheux, 1993, 1994), the CO2 rise and the acidification of 
surface ocean, with H+ actual change of 21%, appears as the responsable 
global changing factor. It probably weakens pH-controlled HCO3- uptake by 
the host for photosynthesis of symbionts, now critical during maximum 
summer stress conditions, with synergy of temperature, irradiance included 
UV, and water stagnation. The CO2 rise is now the only last serious 
explanation of reef mass bleaching. 
 
Acknowledgement : Thank to M. Lhomme of the Computer Center of the Nice 
University for access to CD-ROM units and valuable help. The members of the 
TOMS NIMBUS Experiment and Ozone Processing Teams and the National Space 
Science Data Center, P.T. Guimaraes, R.D. McPeters, R.D. Krueger, D.E. 
Larko have my sincere acknowledgement. This work was supported by French 
RMI no224397K. 
 
References 
 
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landfall of intense hurricanes. Science 249:1251-1256 
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: Global aspects of coral reefs: health, hazards and history (Rosenstiel 
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reef-dwelling Foraminifera : implications for coastal sedimentation. J. 
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a mass bleaching event. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 21:81-88 
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average ozone change from November 1978 to May 1990. J. Geophys. Res. 
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(Scleractinia: Fungiidae) in the Java sea: stress tolerance and 
interference by life history strategy. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 74:225-237 
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:22-23 
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: Ogden J, Wicklund RE. Mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Caribbean: a 
research strategy. Nat. Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2:24-29 
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between 1861 and 1984. Nature 322:430-434 
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(1992) Spatial and temporal variability during periods of "recovery" after 
mass bleaching on Western Atlantic coral reefs. Am. Zool. 32/6:696-706 
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of zooxanthellate reef organisms near Lee Stocking island, Exuma Key, 
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on photoadaptation in the zooxanthellae of Aiptasia pallida: primary 
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Lesser MP, Stochaj WR, Tapley DW, Schick JM (1990) Bleaching in coral reef 
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Maurice. Rapport no5. 292 pp. Confidential report of the Commission des 
Communautes Europeennes, Project 946/89 
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research strategy. Nat. Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2:1-9 
Oliver J (1985) Recurrent seasonal bleaching and mortality of corals on the 
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: 7th Int. Symp. on Biomineralization, Nov. 1993, Monaco, 112. 
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Meet. Coral Reefs, Sept. 1994 , Luxembourg, 101. 
Pecheux M (submitted) Review on coral reef bleaching. Ann. Inst. Oceanogr. 
(136p., available upon request at author address, 3$, soon on Internet) 
Porter JW, Fitt WK, Spero HJ, Rogers CS, White MW (1989) Bleaching in reef 
corals: physiological and stable isotope responses. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 
USA 86:9342-9346 
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temperature and UV-B on different components of coral reef communities from 
the Bahamas. In : Global aspects of coral reefs: health, hazards and 
history (Rosenstiel School Mar. Atmos. Sc.), June 1993. 29-34 
Robinson G (1985) Influence of the 1982-83 El Nino on Galapagos marine 
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Sandeman IM (1988) Coral bleaching at Discovery Bay, Jamaica: a possible 
mechanism for temperature-related bleaching. In : Ogden J Wicklund R Eds. 
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Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2 :46-48 
Scelfo G (1986) Relationship between solar radiation and pigmentation of 
the coral Montipora verrucosa and its zooxanthellae. Coral reef population 
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Schick JM, Lesser M, Stochaj WR (1991) Ultraviolet radiation and 
photooxidative stress in zooxanthellate Anthozoa: the sea anemone 
Pyllodiscus semoni and the octocoral Clavularia sp. Symbiosis 10:145-173 
Siebeck O (1988) Experimental investigation of UV tolerance in hermatypic 
corals (Scleratinia). Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 43:95-103 
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Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:89-118 
Stolarski RS, Bloomfield P, McPeters RD, Herman JR (1991) Total ozone 
trends deduced from Nimbus-7 TOMS data. Geophys. Res. Letters 18:1015-1018 
Stolarski R, Bojkov R, Bishop L, Zerefos C, Staehelin J, Zavodny J (1992) 
Measured trends in stratospheric ozone. Science 256:342-349 
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complanata Lamarck, 1816 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) after mass expulsion of 
zooxanthellae. Florida Scientist 51/3-4:184-188 
Williams EH, Bunkley-Williams L (1990) The world-wide coral reef bleaching 
cycle and related sources of coral mortality. Atoll Res. Bull. 335:1-71 
Woodley JD (1988) Coral bleaching in Jamaica, 1987.  In : Ogden J Wicklund 
R. Eds. Mass bleaching of coral reefs in the Caribbean: a research 
strategy. Nat. Undersea Res. Prog., Res. Rep. 88/2 :33-34 
Yap HT, Alino PM, Gomez ED (1992) Trends in growth and mortality of three 
coral species (Anthozoa: Scleratinia), including effects of 
transplantation. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 83:91-101 
Zerefos CS, Bais AF, Ziomas I, Bojkov RD (1992) On the relative importance 
of the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation and El Nino/Southern Oscillation in the 
revised Dobson total ozone records. J. Geophys. Res. 97/D9:10135-10144 
 
Table 1 : Examined reef areas with latitude (negative values South) and 
longitude (negative values West) of nearest TOMS grid point, 1979-1991 
mean, minimum and maximum ozone values in Dobson, trends in Dobson/year, 
correlation coefficient r2 and probability p of linear regressions. 
 
Table 2 : Examined bleaching events : sites, year (Y), month (M) and day 
(D) (last day indicated in references or last day of month if unprecised), 
mean (Mean), minimum (Min), and maximum (Max) ozone values of two months 
period before bleaching, their differences for the same period of year with 
the 1979-1991 mean (dM), with the year of lowest mean (dLM) and the minimum 
value (dMin), and same differences (dD, dLD, dMin) for a drawdown index 
(minus squared of only negative values of difference with three weeks 
movering average on one month period before bleaching).  
Bleaching events were described in : Great Barrier Reef : Oliver, 1985, 
Harriott, 1985, Fisk and Done, 1985, Coffroth et al., 1898 ; Mayotte : 
Faure et al., 1984 ; Indonesia : Hoeksema, 1991 ; Galapagos : Robinson, 
1985, Glynn,  1989 ; Panama : Lasker et al., 1984, Knowlton, 1988 ; 
Venezuela : Losada, 1988 ; Philipine : Yap et al., 1992 ; Puerto Rico : 
Goennega and Canals, 1990 ; Jamaica : Woodley, 1988, Sandeman, 1988, Goreau 
and MacFarlane, 1990, Goreau, 1990, 1991 ; Japan : Kamezaki and Ui, 1984 ; 
Bahamas : Lang et al., 1989 ; Florida : Jaap, 1985, 1988, Te Strake et al., 
1988, Hudson, 1988, Porter et al., 1989 ; Bermuda : Cook et al., 1990. 
 
Fig.1 : Ozone trends in Dobson/year during 1979-1991 versus latitude for 
the four seasons, without significance between 15oS and 15oN. Note that no 
ozone decrease is observed in summer Northern hemisphere up to 35oN, 
whereas it exists in summer Southern hemisphere south of 15oS, of which I 
does not have explanation. 
 
Fig. 2: a) Example of an ozone record : Key Largo, Florida, USA. 2A : Note 
the great variance at annual and interannual scales. Highest values of 
ozone occur during summer. Note lowest values in winter 1985, 1988, 1991. 
There were bleaching events in September 1983, August 1987, in autumn 1991, 
and more recently in summer 1992 (only large foraminifers) and summer 1993 
(Hallock and al., 1995). b) Ozone record around the 1987 bleaching event in 
Looe Key in July (continuous line) and Key Largo in August (discontinuous 
line), together with minimum and maximum values for same days during 
1979-1991. Note coherent values of ozone level over the region, and their 
normal level for this year. 
 
REVIEWER'S EVALUATION 
 
>From Editor of the Marine Ecology Progress Series, mainly : 
"(...). Your paper may well be publishable in another journal; but, the 
work is largely outside the scope of MEPS. (...)". 
 
First reviewer : 
"Publication not recommanded. This ms does not pass our usual MEPS 
standard. It presents a confusing picture. Global warming does occur and 
many bleachings are related to increase seawater temperatures although more 
than one causal factor may be involved. 
The results, General trends as well as the Correlation with bleaching 
events, are confusing without appropriate statistical analysis of data. The 
ms is badly written and the contents are not very interesting." 
/My commentary : critics not interesting/ 
 
Second reviewer (my commentary under //): 
"This paper adresses an interesting and important topic but suffers from 
careless presentation, and language problems as well as misinterpretation 
of the existing literature (see comments on the text). 
Contrary to what what is stated in the paper there is good evidence of a 
coincidence between extreme El Nino events and bleaching at sites across 
the Pacific in 1983 (Glynn 1993) /what I agree in the text for El Nino 
1993/. Elevated seawater temperatures are known to result in coral 
bleaching both in simulated laboratory experiments (Glynn and D'Croz 1990) 
/yes, and many other papers, but as with almost any kind of stress/ and in 
the field (Glynn 1994). In the submitted paper the effects of elevated 
seawater temperatures are practically ignored /not the subject/. 
While the analysis of the satellite derived ozone data is of some interest 
it is important to consider other factors which are likely to influence the 
bleaching response in shallow waters as a result of increased UVR 
penetration. One such is the transparency of seawater at any particular 
location and this should be acknwoledged in the text /I can not agree : 
long term global change of transparency in very shallow water, for which no 
indication is in support, can be only negligeable/. Similarly no 
consideration is given to synergistic effects of interacting factors eg. 
high seawater and high irradiance /at contrary I conclude that bleaching 
appears to be due to CO2 in synergy with temperature, light include UV, 
water agitation/. 
The current analysis has produce negative resuslts which, nonetheless are 
important to publish given the body of scientific opinion seeking to 
involve UVR as a major factor responsible for coral bleaching. I would 
suggest that the author attemps to summarise his finding as a short note 
/bof/, eliminates all jargon (eg ozone drawdowns /but it used in 
geophysical papers/, jigsaws records etc) and quite simply presents a case 
which is based on two figures and a single table. Most importantly it would 
be essential to have the draft text checked by an English-speaking 
scientist before submission." 
 
MICHAUD francois 
Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine 
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 
La Darse, B-P 48,  
Villefranche sur Mer, France 
Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 
Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 
E-mail : micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 29 11:02:25 1996 
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From: micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) 
Subject: BLEACHING REVIEW, corr. 
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The Bleaching review is from MARTIN PECHEUX and better ask me for directely 
at pecheux@eureka.meta.fr (sorry I have to used Internet of a friend to 
emit). 
Sincerely. 
 
MICHAUD francois 
Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine 
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 
La Darse, B-P 48,  
Villefranche sur Mer, France 
Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 
Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 
E-mail : micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 29 14:05:09 1996 
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Date: Fri, 29 Mar 1996 13:40:05 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Jobs: You asked for it! 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960329132319.10989A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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Greetings! 
 
	I have set up a spot on our Coral Health and Monitoring Program 
Web site at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov for people who are posting coral 
research opportunities, or for those who are seeking employment.  This 
page is meant ONLY for posting information on current employment 
opportunities for coral researchers, and for people seeking employment in 
coral research. If you would like to post an employment opening, or if you 
would like to post your own personal advertisement (please, not too long), 
send your message to coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov with EMPLOYER NAME in the 
SUBJECT line of your message, if you are posting an opportunity, or YOUR 
NAME in the SUBJECT line, if you are seeking employment.  When/if you do 
fill the position, or become employed, please send a message to 
coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov with "JOB FILLED" in the SUBJECT line so that I 
can remove the posting from the list. Be sure to include the EMPLOYER NAME 
or YOUR NAME, whatever is appropriate, when informing me of a position 
filled!  Entries will be updated automatically at 8:00 pm Eastern Time 
(USA) automatically after I review the entry for appropriateness for the 
Web. 
 
	Hope this helps! 
 
	Take care... 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Mar 29 16:34:58 1996 
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 29 Mar 1996 14:57:38 -0500 (CDT) 
Date: Fri, 29 Mar 1996 14:57:38 -0500 (CDT) 
From: David Kesler <JOHEA@rhodes.edu> 
Subject: Information on Black Band Disease 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <01I2WY4R5A4Y007CZ4@rhodes.edu> 
X-VMS-To: in%"coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov" 
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I am a college student at Rhodes College.  As part of a course, I am looking  
for information on black band disease.  I have checked all library references  
and internet sources available to me.  I have Reuetzler and Santavy  
(1983), and Carlton and Richardson, (1995).   Any further information you can  
provide me will be appreciated. 
 
Thank you in advance for your time. 
 
Amanda Johnson 
My e-mail address is          johea@rhodes.edu. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  1 19:31:19 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Mar 1996 22:02:03 -0500 (EST) 
From: Matt Partin <partim@bgnet.bgsu.edu> 
Subject: Re: Subjects, clarified 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960327095610.6627A-100000@coral> 
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Could anyone send me recent information on Astrangia danae. It would be  
of considerable help. 
 
					-Matt Partin 
 
Matt Partin  
173 Winfield 
Bowling Green, OH 43402 
partim@bgnet.bgsu.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr  3 17:22:05 1996 
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Date: Wed, 3 Apr 1996 15:35:37 -0600 (CST) 
From: David John Lowen <dlowen@tenet.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Bleaching 
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I am currently working on my doctorate in Science Education and am in  
need of several articles on Coral Reef Bleaching.  I have found some, but  
most are fairly old and out of date.  If anyone has article titles or  
articles please contact me. 
 
Living in a land-locked area,  I do not have access to a lot of marine  
literature. 
 
 
Good diving..... 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Mar 16 21:05:16 1996 
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Date: Sun, 17 Mar 1996 12:41:20 +1000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> 
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Two grey literature reports are now available.  These reports are 
 
1.   Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1994) Mass-bleaching of coral reefs in French 
Polynesia,       April 1994.   
 
2.   Hoegh-Guldberg, O. (1995) The mass bleaching of coral reefs in the 
Central           Pacific in 1994.  A followup study and establishment of 
long-term monitoring         sites.  
 
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/gp1.html 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                     Ph:       (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences         Fax:      (02) 351-4119 
Building A08                                 Mobile:  014 811 935            
University of Sydney                     Country code Australia = 61 
2006 NSW Australia 
 
OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg.html 
Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html 
One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Mar 18 11:19:21 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de (Reinhold Leinfelder) 
Subject: JURASSIC REEF PARK: educational online article on reefs 
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Dear colleagues, 
 
One of the duties of reef research is to inform the public about the 
importance of reefs. 
Under this scope I would like to announce the web-launch of an 
 
educational geoscience online article on Jurassic Reefs: 
 
        The JURASSIC REEF PARK 
        (in German and English; by Reinhold Leinfelder, Stuttgart). 
 
 
 
The article tries to focus in a (hopefully) understandable way on the 
following subjects: 
 
What are the general features of modern and Ancient reefs? 
        (basic environmental demands of reefs, principal reef organisms: 
modern and ancient) 
 
Why were Jurassic reefs so different from modern ones? 
        (different shelf configuration, different climate, different 
circulation, different organisms) 
 
Can Jurassic reefs tell us more about the Jurassic world? 
        (inform about shelf configuration, climate, sea-level change etc). 
 
Can Jurassic reefs contribute to the understanding of present Global Change? 
        (Composition and frequencies of Jurassic reefs have changed 
drastically during a warming episode, 
         preceeding shallow water oxygen depletion; many similarities with 
present situation? 
        Reefs as climatic buffers? ) 
 
The URL is: 
 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/edu/JRP/Jurassic_Reef_Park.html 
 
(but you also may reach the article by going through our IGPS-homepage or 
our Reefgroup Homepage, see below) 
 
Simplifying without making overgeneralizations and mistakes is one of the 
major problem of such an article. Any comments, suggestions and critics are 
therefore greatly welcome (and your name will naturally appear in the 
acknowledgements). The glossary and scientific annotations should be 
enlarged in the future. 
 
Best wishes 
 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
 
PS: Please forgive me if  you have received this or a similar mail already 
through another round-letter. 
 
******************************************* 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart 
Herdweg 51 
D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany 
e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
phone: ++49-711-1211340 or -1339 
fax: ++49-711-1211341 
 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/home.html 
How about a look at our reef group pages? 
 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/researchfiles/reefgroup.html 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr  5 13:46:29 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Pink Porites 
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          Dear All 
          I am making various geochemical measurements on Porites 
          colonies from Johnston Atoll, NC Pacific. On sectioning 
          several colonies from one of my lagoonal sites, I noticed a 
          bright pink line, the contours of which follow the growth 
          bands. In all colonies, it is situated about 1.5 cm from the 
          surface, below the green endolithic algae. I have never seen 
          this before and it seems restricted to one particular 
          site on Johnston Atoll.  Neither samples from the reef edge 
          nor any other lagoonal localities nor any other genera I've 
          sectioned show this. Could it be a red algae ? Does anybody 
          have any suggestions ? 
          much appreciated Anne 
          (acohen@whoi.edu) 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr  5 14:18:00 1996 
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Date: Fri, 5 Apr 1996 14:07:45 -0500 (EST) 
From: Ken Webb <webb@vims.edu> 
To: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Pink Porites 
In-Reply-To: <9603058287.AA828739438@cliff.whoi.edu> 
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I'd guess someone like Bob Buddemeier  
(bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu) stained them to measure the growth  
rates at some future time. 
Ken Webb 
 
On Fri, 5 Apr 1996 acohen@cliff.whoi.edu wrote: 
 
>           Dear All 
>           I am making various geochemical measurements on Porites 
>           colonies from Johnston Atoll, NC Pacific. On sectioning 
>           several colonies from one of my lagoonal sites, I noticed a 
>           bright pink line, the contours of which follow the growth 
>           bands. In all colonies, it is situated about 1.5 cm from the 
>           surface, below the green endolithic algae. I have never seen 
>           this before and it seems restricted to one particular 
>           site on Johnston Atoll.  Neither samples from the reef edge 
>           nor any other lagoonal localities nor any other genera I've 
>           sectioned show this. Could it be a red algae ? Does anybody 
>           have any suggestions ? 
>           much appreciated Anne 
>           (acohen@whoi.edu) 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr  5 20:27:13 1996 
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Date: Fri, 5 Apr 1996 16:43:58 PST 
From: Donald Potts <potts@biology.ucsc.edu> 
Subject: Re: Pink Porites 
To: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I've seen similar pink bands from time to time in massive Porites from 
Australia and Papua New Guinea. Again, only in some corals. While I have 
assumed they represent endolithic algae or micro-organisms, I've never 
looked closely at the cause. Not all Porites in one area have these pink 
bands ; and I suspect they may reflect host-specificity of the 
microorganisms among Porites species, as well as habitat-specificity 
 
 
Don Potts 
***************************************************************************** 
*    Donald C. Potts                                                        * 
*         Professor of Biology                                              * 
*         Director, UCSC Education Abroad Program                           * 
*                                                                           * 
*  A316 Earth and Marine Sciences Building                                  * 
*  University of California                  Phone: (408) 459-4417          * 
*  Santa Cruz                                Fax:   (408) 459-4882          * 
*  California  95064   U.S.A.                Email: potts@biology.ucsc.edu  * 
***************************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr  6 01:19:55 1996 
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From: "Ilsa Kuffner" <IKUFFNER@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu> 
Organization:  University of Hawaii - Zoology 
To: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu, Ken Webb <webb@vims.edu> 
Date: 	Fri, 5 Apr 1996 21:06:53 -1000 
Subject:       Re: Pink Porites 
CC: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Regarding pink Porites, 
  Here in Hawaii we have a parasite that infects Porites compressa in  
the form of bright pink "coral zits."  I don't know if this is  
related to pink bands, for I've never seen any when sectioning  
branches, but I don't believe I've checked an infected coral.  The  
parasite is a trematode with a complicated life cycle involving  
several intermediate hosts including a gastropod. See papers by Greta  
Aeby.  Anyway, the fact that the color is suspiciously the same and  
that it is so localized (infection here in Kaneohe Bay is extremely  
patchy)  makes me suspect that it could be what you're seeing. 
 
Ilsa Kuffner 
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology 
PO Box 1346 
Kaneohe, HI 96744 
 
ikuffner@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr  7 14:59:28 1996 
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Date: Sun, 07 Apr 1996 12:42:02 +0800 (U) 
From: Bob Buddemeier <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu> 
Subject: RE: Pink Porites 
To: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Contrary to the suggestions of some, I am not some sort of marine easter 
bunny hopping from atoll to atoll with a basket of dyed Porites (I'll get you 
for that, Ken). 
However -- like Potts, I have very occasionally seen pinkish bands in 
sectioned corals (I think non-Porites as well), but seldom uniform, bright or 
common -- and usually other colors:  see section on boring algae in 
Buddemeier, Maragos & Knutson (1974). Radiographic Studies of Reef Coral 
Exoskeletons, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 14:179-200. 
If the lines faithfully (as opposed to just approximately) track the density 
growth patterns, if they are bright and uniform, and especially if they trace 
out pretty much the whole living surface at time of deposition, then I would 
check with any other scientists working at the atoll and/or the JA marine ops 
people to see who might have been dying or dumping material in the lagoon 1-2 
years before these corals were collected -- biogenic pigment bands just 
aren't that consistent. 
 
Bob Buddemeier  
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu on Fri, Apr 5, 1996 12:42 PM 
Subject: Pink Porites 
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Subject: Pink Porites 
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          Dear All 
          I am making various geochemical measurements on Porites 
          colonies from Johnston Atoll, NC Pacific. On sectioning 
          several colonies from one of my lagoonal sites, I noticed a 
          bright pink line, the contours of which follow the growth 
          bands. In all colonies, it is situated about 1.5 cm from the 
          surface, below the green endolithic algae. I have never seen 
          this before and it seems restricted to one particular 
          site on Johnston Atoll.  Neither samples from the reef edge 
          nor any other lagoonal localities nor any other genera I've 
          sectioned show this. Could it be a red algae ? Does anybody 
          have any suggestions ? 
          much appreciated Anne 
          (acohen@whoi.edu) 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Apr  7 19:32:59 1996 
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From: pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: RE : pink porites 
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I don't know if it may be the same 
phenomenon but I observed in Acropora 
crevicornis in Mauritius, 1989 
after bleaching event, that where 
algae have infested the coral, latter 
enclosed by calcification of recovery, 
(sometime with H2S smelling !), that 
the skeletton keep a rose-red color, 
not eliminated by organic washing. 
In few cases also a blue pale color was 
observed, of the skelletton, not tissue. 
Might it be that an immune reaction prov 
oke this ? 
After bleaching ? What time do this  
band correspond to for season ? 
It will be the first record of bleaching 
in coral band. 
Cheers 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  8 18:10:06 1996 
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From: P.Blanchon@UAlberta.CA (Paul Blanchon) 
Subject: Reef Resource Page 
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Dear list members, 
 
Just an introductory note to inform you of a new World Wide Web site that I 
hope will be of interest and utility. The _ 'Reef Resource Page' _ is an 
attempt to provide an up-to-date and integrated review of the biology, 
ecology, and geology of modern reef systems for scientists, policy makers, 
and students alike. Such integrated reviews are critical for a full 
understanding of the dynamics of reef systems and therefore a prerequisite 
for any attempt to prognose reef response to environmental change -- be it 
natural or anthropogenic. Never has the need for such a review been as 
pressing as it is now, with reefs worldwide beginning to show signs of 
stress. Clearly, we need to know if these signs, such as bleaching, urchin 
die-offs, or starfish infestations, are natural processes with long 
recurrence intervals or unprecedented early warning signals of reef-system 
collapse. Only an integrated picture of reef systems will allow us to make 
that assessment. 
 
Any endeavor of this sort clearly requires the input of as many reef 
scientists as possible. So it is my hope that, by using the Web and all its 
multimedia capabilities, I can attract your views, insight, and 
participation. I must state at the outset that, I have no special 
qualification to undertake this task, only a desire to integrate our 
present knowledge and to view the entire horizon. Over the next few months 
I will post preliminary reviews, starting with geology -- the field with 
which I have most expertise -- and encourage you to send me recently 
published work on all reef topics for inclusion. I will post summaries and 
archives of correspondence on a future 'Feedback' section and may start a 
bibliography of recent in-press papers with abstracts (depending upon the 
response). 
 
In the mean time, before the reef reviews are posted, I have provided a 
survey and critique of many reef sites on the Web in order to save you time 
browsing and to keep you abreast of developments. Again, I would welcome 
your views on these sites, as well as notification of sites I have 
misconstrued or missed. The more input the better the resource. The site 
address is: 
 
http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html 
 
Enjoy and participate. 
 
 
Sincerely, Paul. 
 
 
 
        <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> 
        Dr. Paul Blanchon || Research Fellow 
        Dept. Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 
        1-26 Earth Science Building, 
        University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 
        Tel: (403) 492-4205 Fax: (403) 492-2030 
        E-mail: p.blanchon@ualberta.ca 
        Web: http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html 
        <<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<> 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  8 19:11:02 1996 
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From: Greta Smith Aeby <greta@hawaii.edu> 
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Subject: Re: Pink Porites 
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Ann, 
     What species of Porites wwere you looking at?  was the tissue pink  
upon collection or was it just the bleached skelteton that showwed the  
pink color?  Living Porites does turn bright pink in response to many  
irratations.  An inflammation response of some kind.  The Porites  
parasite I work on causes polyps to swell up and become bright pink but  
the discoloration does not extend into the skeleton.  If you notice  
irregular bumps(~5mm) on the coral skeleton that is also probably caused  
by parasitic infection.  If the tissue isn't pink tho it is not caused by  
parasitic infection. 
Greta 
 
On Fri, 5 Apr 1996 acohen@cliff.whoi.edu wrote: 
 
>           Dear All 
>           I am making various geochemical measurements on Porites 
>           colonies from Johnston Atoll, NC Pacific. On sectioning 
>           several colonies from one of my lagoonal sites, I noticed a 
>           bright pink line, the contours of which follow the growth 
>           bands. In all colonies, it is situated about 1.5 cm from the 
>           surface, below the green endolithic algae. I have never seen 
>           this before and it seems restricted to one particular 
>           site on Johnston Atoll.  Neither samples from the reef edge 
>           nor any other lagoonal localities nor any other genera I've 
>           sectioned show this. Could it be a red algae ? Does anybody 
>           have any suggestions ? 
>           much appreciated Anne 
>           (acohen@whoi.edu) 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  8 21:18:42 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr (francois Michaud) 
Subject: LARGE FOAMINIFERA GLOBAL MONITORING 
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>From pecheux@eureka.meta.fr (Martin Pecheux) 
Here we draw a general strategy to sample large foraminifers in reef 
monitoring stations, aims to guide local non-specialists to collect 
materials for a worlwide periodic survey, at a very few expense of work. 
This is the 3rd version of a working document (without plates) reread by 
several leader specialist of large foraminifers (Dr. P. Hallock, Dr. Erez, 
Dr. Lee, Dr. Rottger, Dr. Hohenegger, Dr. Venec-Peyre). People involved in 
reef monitoring are invitated to comment and critic before document 
finalization. And of course, as they will, to begin collection, perhaps 
first as described in "Simplified Sampling". See you all in Panama ! 
 
Goals are : assess long term reef degradation ; obtain a synoptic view of 
bleaching in large foraminifers ; acquire comprehensive data on global and 
temporal variability of ecology and CaCO3 production of those organisms ; 
and above all to have samples as soon as possible for future studies in a 
long term perspective. 
Those samples will also probably serve to monitor small foraminifers, 
ostracodes, micromollusks, bryozoans, etc... People interested in this 
perspective are invitated to contact us. 
Simple observations after sample collection are encouraged and are the only 
specialized work which might be done. Samples will be examined by our 
group, using classical technics and other such as high-resolution X-ray 
imagery. In any case, such samples will be valuable in a long-term 
perspective of monitoring reef healthiness. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Long term monitoring of large foraminifers is becoming urgent with the 
general decay of reefs, often because of local causes in which pollutions, 
but also with the recent worlwide unexplained mass bleaching of reef 
photosynthetic symbioses, among them large foraminifers (Hallock and Talge, 
1993, Hallock et al., 1995, Pecheux, unpublished). They appear even more 
sensible to bleaching than corals, and they bleach before them or in years 
when corals do not (Hallock and Talge, 1993, Hallock et al., 1995). 
Moreover, it has been observed spectacular abnormalities of the shell 
associated with bleaching events, to a grade not known in geological time 
to our knowledge apart the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. This prooves 
irrefutably that bleaching is a new phenomenon, and of great significance 
at planetary level. 
This long term monitoring have been never undertaken, nonwithstanding its 
importance. Large foraminifers are very good bioindicators, and for 
exemple, comparaison of fauna composition between samples taken in 1974 and 
in 1989 in Mauritius was full of informations (Hottinger and Pecheux, in 
prep.). 
Why is it important to study large foraminifers ? 
- they are major reef CaCO3 producers, maybe the greaters. They are found 
in almost all reef biotopes, and are very important in mid to deep waters ; 
- they are easy to collect and store in great numbers in small samples; 
- they are excellent bioindicators of environmental changes, both by faunal 
composition and with shell biometrics ;  
- their reproduction, which is clearly pertubated now, is easy to monitor 
(size at reproduction and of embryo, number of offspring), and would be 
indicative for the whole ecosystem ; 
- they show a great diversity of shell types, biotopes, and algae 
symbionts. The old hyalin/porcellaneous divergence corresponds to quite 
different calcification systems, with different responses to carbon change 
; 
- they are excellent experimental biological material, better than corals, 
easy to cultivate in great numbers, with indicative behavior toward/away 
light, agitation, temperature, etc. Their biology is best understood then 
of corals in some domains  ; 
- the geological knowledge on large forams is by far more complete than of 
any other reef taxon, given their abundance, dominance in some epochs, and 
their study by oil industry ; 
- also, there is a link with planctonic symbiotic foraminifers, among main 
ocean CaCO3 producers. 
 
MONITORING 
The proposed sampling needs only very few hours works if integrated in 
normal procedure of reef monitoring (Coral reef monitoring handbook, Ref. 
Meth. Mar. Poll. Stud. 25, UNEP, 1984, Long-Term Global Monit., Pilot Proj. 
Mangroves Coral  Reefs, UNEP, 1991). Foraminifers are to be fully 
appreciated as main "other conspicuous organisms of interest". This 
monitoring will keep samples for future studies. In case of no standart 
corals monitoring, microfauna sampling such as here outlined is indeed the 
very best faster way for reef assessement. 
PREVIOUS SAMPLES 
Samples susceptible to contain large foraminifers and already collected in 
reef for any other purpose, and particularly those before bleaching in the 
early 80's, are extremely valuable. They must be conserved with very great 
care. Even samples of beach sands can provide important informations of 
when did malformations began, one of our topic interrogations. 
In order to know disponibilities, it is asked to send a descriptif of those 
samples. 
SIMPLIFIED SAMPLING 
In a first step, some whole samples can be taken from your area (even as a 
"blind test"), dried and send to us for examination before further advice 
and collection. We recommand : 
- a sand beach sample, around 1 mm granulometry ; 
- an eelgrass sample (search a little white circles of Soritid, see below) ; 
- a turf/brown algae, shallow 1-3m depth crest or immediate front reef ; 
- sand and/or algae of your favorite, monitoring sites. 
 
SAMPLING METHODS 
There are two main objectives : a) collect regularly large foraminifers, 
both living and dead shells ; b) collect and observe living ones at and 
during bleaching or other pertubating events. Regarding efforts, minimum to 
better coverage is let to local people choice, and is indicated in order of 
priority by A) B) C). It corresponds to only few hours work if integrated 
with recommanded Coral Reefs Global Monitoring, otherwise to one half day 
work to a very great maximum of a week per year. 
CHOICE OF GENERA 
Targeted genera are : 
A) Amphistegina, hyalin foram, because of its worlwide repartition and 
importance in sediment production, its shallow to deep euphotic habitat, 
lagoon to fore-reef, and various biotopes : algae turf, green-brown algae, 
eelgrass, sand facies, rubbles. 
A) Soritids (Sorites, Amphisorus, Marginopora) representing porcellaneous 
forams, easy to detect and observe underwater as white circles, epiphytic 
on eelgrasses, often abundantly in shallow facies. Whole sample with 
eelgrass must be conserved.  
B) porcellaneous Archaias, Cyclorbiculina (chlorophyte symbionts), 
Peneroplis (with generally rhodophyte symbionts), best encountred on algae 
in shallow facies up to tidal pool. 
B) Operculina/Heterostegina, either on soft or hard substrates, from 
surface (Caribbean, Pacific) or from 20 m depth (Indian) to deep euphotic 
waters. 
B) Calcarinids in Western Pacific (Calcarina, Baculogypsina), which can be 
very abundant in near-crest shallow sand facies with water energy. 
C) Alveolinids, from very shallow to mid depth, with maximum abundance 
around 20-40 m depth. They are not well known, as their presence is 
generally detected only after examination of sand samples with lens or 
binocular, but might be the most bleaching- and pollution-sensitive genera. 
C) Deep flat species (Heterocyclina, Cycloclypeus). Their collection at 
50-150m depth usually requires a simple grab. Informations on them is 
desirable given the surface they inhabits in the world (~ 6 millions km2), 
and because they live in the most stable environment. 
SITES 
First is the choice of 2 to about 10 sites rich in large foraminifers, 
which will be regularly visited (profitably where some samples have been 
collected in previous years). Locations will be know within some few 
meters, we insist. According to local assemblage, we recommand A) one 
-better two- backreef/lagoonal site, subjected to usual lagoon diurnal 
condition variation,  and one -better two- fore reef site, with rather 
stable environment, well bathed by open ocean water. They will be 2-5 m 
depth. Next priority is a 10-30 m depth scuba site on front reef, if 
present also in back reef B) then a multiplication of those sites, and C) 
one deep grab transect (maybe two if there are clear substrate differences) 
with 5-10 samples from 50 to 150m depth in clear water. Sites will be the 
most possible far away from local pollution source otherwise special cases. 
The sites have to be well caracterized (depth, light, often forgotten 
currents and water agitation, biological composition, desirable 
photographies) and homogenous at decadal meter scale, to minimize spatial 
variations. Aggregation of ~3 sub-samples within each site is recommended. 
Choosed biotopes will be :  
A) algae turf or brown or green algae field (Amphistegina and others); 
A) eelgrasses, with Soritids on leaves as well as Amphistegina and some 
other species, often at base or rhizome (which can be separated from upper 
part of leaves); 
B) sand facies, of 0.2-3mm granulometry, 2-5 m depth. Some samples of beach 
sands are indeed also wellcome, for completion of survey. 
C) rubble/boulder facies (Amphistegina,...), 2-5 m depth or deeper; 
C) very fine sand to mud facies (in both shallow protected areas and deeper 
realm). 
The sites will correspond in general to permanent "Monitoring Plots" of 
inner/mid/outer lagoon, inner/outer flat, reef slope at 3 and 10m depth as 
outlined in Coral Reefs Global Monitoring.  
Samples on turf, eelgrasses or other algae have the very great advantage to 
collect only living forams. It is preferable to cut algae with scissors or 
knife in order to avoid sediment contamination, and take apart a sediment 
sample. 
Usual standing crop is 1 to 10 specimens per cm2, up to 100/cm2 for highly 
productive biotopes (notably calcarenids in shallow reef flats). Samples 
will be considered sufficiently rich when few hundreds of living specimens 
are present. 
SAMPLING 
A constant sampling surface is mandatory. Usually a frame (often 10x10cm2, 
repeated three times with sub-sampling) is used, together with 
normalization to fresh or dry weight for algae biotope.  
After sampling in bags, algae are to be strongly agitated and frictionned 
as delicat cloth. Soritids on eelgrass have sometime to be detached with 
gentle brushing, sometime scrapped with knife. An other technique is to let 
the leaves in a seawater bac in darkness or mild-stress but aeration, and 
they detach by themshelves and fall on the bottom (but recuperation might 
be not total).  Conservation of rest algae dried samples is to be done. 
Boulders and rubbles must be brushed on their upper face and their lower 
face, and have also to be (very rougly) measured to know their develloped 
surface. Sandy bottom samples are best pick up with a transparent box or 
tube and a sliding cover to take only the very first half centimeter to one 
centimeter, otherwise very caefully by hand. Sample weight will range from 
less than one gram (corresponding for example to one thousand Amphistegina) 
to few hundred grams for sand or grab samples.   
In all cases, the residus are washed and slowly rinced with seawater to 
eliminate mud, light and organic particules, or algae. If necessary, 
sieving with a coarse mesh or strainer (0.5-1cm) will eliminate big 
fragments of material. Even if samples are rich in very fine sand, it is 
recommended not to sieve them (or only at 63u) to conserve juvenile 
specimens, as well as other small microfauna.  
Then samples are generally washed two-three time with freshwater (which 
induce protoplasm retraction) and then dryed on newspaper in air in the 
shadow. Alternatively, they can be conserved in 95% ethanol or buffered 
formalin, which keeps full colors of living protoplasm (buffering is 
important to avoid dissolution). 
TEST OF PRESENCE OF LARGE FORAMINIFERS 
They can seen with naked eyes (apart for the small juveniles), once one 
know what to search, often directly in the field when densities are high. 
Best examination is of course done with good lens (x12, better x20) or 
binocular at low magnification. 
Living forams display a full colored protoplasm, typical of the species, 
brown, green, yellow, purple, depending of type of symbiont. The presence 
of color in all but the last few chambers due to protoplasm retraction is 
commun and very caracteristic. 
A very usefull method to see living forams (and to sort them) is to let the 
sample in non-agitated seawater in a small bac, jam pot, etc..., preferably 
with a curved bottom as a salade saucer, with 2-3mm sediment, for one or 
more days, in dim light and with not too much temperature variations. Large 
forams will slowly climb (up to 10cm/day) for light and agitation on top of 
sediment and along the walls where they might be taken with the finger or a 
pincel. This examination is important for search of bleached moving 
specimens, otherwise easely confounded with empty shells. 
SAMPLING FREQUENCY 
The samples taken during the selection of monitored sites will be kept and 
constitute a broad baseline allowing a possible ~ 10-20 years survey. It is 
recommended to collect numerosous samples (50-100) at this occasion for the 
same purpose, enough well localized, preferably on transects. 
The selected sites will be sampled : 
A) once a year in summer, at maximum temperature time, when standing crop 
and growth will be at maximum and yearly forms already adult, and with most 
probable bleaching ;  
B) once a year before spring, at minimum temperature, before reproduction, 
where some large forms are to be encountred ; 
Annual or bisannual survey are a "standart best-off". 
C) once in spring at time of rising temperature and weather change, and 
once in autumn. 
C) and/or two first priority sites might be sampled at the four seasons, 
with additionnal 3 times at spring, each month and half, for reproduction 
(many species reproduce once a year). 
Grab transect are worthy to be sampled only once (twice) a year. 
SAMPLING AT BLEACHING TIME AND SEARCH OF BLEACHING 
Special sampling associated with bleaching is the very more urgent, as are 
"episodic events" (UNEP 1991) Sampling must be undertaken as soon as coral 
bleaching is detected, then one week and one month after. Remember that 
large foraminifers appear more prone to bleaching than corals, and may 
bleach before or in years when corals do not, as in Florida 1992. One of 
our important question is if associations with symbionts other than diatoms 
are also subject of mass bleaching; abnormal orange color was observed in 
Cyclorbiculina (P. Hallock, com. pers.) and we observed high proportion of 
abnormalities in Sorites and Borelis. 
Observation under binocular for paling, mottling, bleaching, and of 
climbing behavior of white specimens (see above) should be systematic, and 
done on a fraction of collected samples. Other signs of stress is loss of 
mouvement and of adherence of living, well colored specimens, and presence 
of colored protoplasm in (only) the last chambers, before symbionts 
expulsion, and of course clump of expelled symbionts at aperture. This is 
the only analysis asked to be done by monitoring scientists.  Shell 
abnormalities can be also observed, or latter. 
Sampling just before bleaching event, said in few cases to be predictable 
within a week when dolldrum time set (B. Causey in Looe Key, Florida, in 
Williams and Bunkley-Williams, 1990, T. Goreau in Jamaica, pers. com.) is 
of course particularly wellcome. 
SPECIAL MONITORING 
We are convinced that biological caracterization and long-term samples 
conservation for future studies are whorthy. Two main special monitoring 
might be done, for various delayed key biochemical and cytological 
caracterizations, particularly for bleaching at its start : 
- about one hour 14C/45Ca incubations ; 
- congelation and better liquid nitrogen storage. 
It is asked to signalize facilities for such possibilities. 
COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND CULTURE OF LIVING LARGE FORAMINIFERS 
For completion of method description, here are recommendations for 
collection and transport of living specimens, in the optics of biological 
analysis. 
Large foraminifers are indeed quite resistant. Best is to collect them 2-3 
days before expedition. After standart collection, seiving might be 
usefull, both to eliminate small and big  particules (0.1-0.5mm and 5-10mm, 
depending on species), especially to get good sand water circulation 
therafter (sieving with a fine nylon mesh stocking is easy and fast). 
Then keep them in small bacs or aquarium to test their viability, and more 
important to sort them from the sediment and other microfauna , if culture 
conditions can be simply controlled (light from north window, temperature 
controller, air bubbling - better not from room where CO2 could be high- or 
aquarium pump agitator). 
The most important is that there must be low organic matters or algae, 
eliminated by carefull washing, nor meiofauna as mollusks, to keep pH in 
normal range (chemical buffers at 8.2-8.4pH might be used, or a 
NaHCO3-Na2CO3 mixture at 123mg-29mg/liter). In the container, forams and 
sediment must be not too thick (few millimeters) with 10-20 more seawater 
above. Temperature fluctuations are to be avoided as possible, although 
stressfull conditions are about lower 22oC and upper 30oC. Forams can be 
transported in plastic bags for few hours, or in bottle (even jam pot) 
during one day, sometime more, under room temperature. Best is to use one 
liter thermos bottle, kept in hand bagage if travel by air. If the travel 
does not exceed one day, it might be send through usual airplane postage if 
in 20oC-conditionned airplane luggage room, with accelerated transit if 
needed. 
When convoyed, it is desireable to regularly gently shake the container 
each few hours, and change of seawater with clean one from an other closed 
jar, ideally with some air bubbling (each ~ half day at least) and exposure 
to low light in day. 
My advice to keep them long alive (I had Amphistegina reproducing for 5 
years in my kitchen) : blue light, some agitation and primarly high pH 8.5. 
 
ANNEX I : REFERENCES 
On large foraminifers here is a list of publications for non-specialists : 
 
LEE JJ, 1995, Living Sands, BioScience 45/4, 252-260. A very good introduction. 
REISS Z, HOTTINGER L, 1984, The Gulf of Aqaba, Ecological Micropaleontology 
50, Springer Verlag Ed., 354p. With a very good long chapter on large 
forams, photo and drawning. 
HOTTINGER L, 1982, Larger foraminifera, giant cells with historical 
background, Naturwisssensch. 69, 361-371. Good presentation with different 
kinds of approach. 
HALLOCK P, 1984, Distribution of selected species of living algal 
symbiont-bearing foraminifera on two Pacific coral reefs, J. Foram. Res, 
14/4, 250-261, for kind of repartition and plate. 
HOHENEGGER J, 1994, Distribution of living larger foraminifera NW of 
Sesoko-Jima, Okinawa, Japan, PSZNI Mar. Ecol. 15/3-4, 291-334. Typical 
repartition (but >10 meters depth) and good photos. 
 
And concerning bleaching and shells abnormalities : 
HALLOCK P, TALGE HK, SMITH K, COCKEY EM, 1992, Bleaching in a reef-dwelling 
foraminifer, Amphistegina gibbosa, Proc. 7 Int. Coral Reef Symp. V1, 44-49. 
HALLOCK P, TALGE HK, 1993, Symbiont loss ("bleaching") in the reef-dwelling 
benthic foraminifer Amphistegina gibbosa in the Florida keys in 1991-92. in 
Global Aspects of Coral reefs: health, hazards and history. Rosentiel 
School Mar. Atmos. Sc., 8-13. 
HALLOCK P, TALGE HK, COCKEY EM, MULLER RG, 1995, A new disease in 
reef-dwelling foraminifera : implications for coastal sedimentation. J. 
Foram. Res., 25/3, 280-286. 
 
ANNEX II : MAIN LARGE FORAMINIFERS GROUPS (Pl. 1) 
Large foraminifers are divided in two groups, those with an imperforate 
porcellaneous shell, composed of minute cristals which diffract the light 
and give them a white appearance, and those with a perforate hyalin shell, 
with big parrallel cristals transparent to light and a glassy aspect. Their 
internal space are divided in chambers and often chamberlets, and their 
internal structures are important to distinguish genera and species. 
As corals, they heavily rely upon photosynthesis of their symbionts, which 
are of various algae groups. They have active behavior, moving slowly with 
pseudopods toward elevation, light and agitation. Their life span ranges 
from few months, usually one year, up to four years at least (Marginopora). 
They reproduce mainly by multiple fission, giving 100-1000 small calcified 
embryos. Sexual reproduction give rise to a few percent of individuals with 
very tiny embryo ("microspherics") ordinarly with a very big size, 2-10 
times their clonal counterparts. 
They are main reef CaCO3 contributors, giving the surface they inhabits, 
95% of 6 millions km2 of reefs and tropical plateforms, producing up to 
2-3kg/m2.y for calcarenids, usually 100-500g/m2.y in shallow waters, and 
even 50-100g/m2.y in deep euphotic zone. 
 
PORCELANEOUS SHELLS (Miliolina) 
Peneroplids 
Small (0.3-0.5, up to 1.5mm) helmet forms, purple color (rhodophyte 
symbionts) or green (chlorophyte symbionts in P. protea). Simple internal 
structure. Half a dozen species of Laevipeneroplis (=Peneroplis) and other 
similar genera (Spirolina, Dentritina), worlwide till subtemperate 
(Mediterranean). Mainly in very shallow water, on turf, algae or bottom, 
often in restricted facies subject to temperature, salinity and pH 
excursions (where shell abberations may be commun), and rare downto 60m. 
Archaiasids 
Disc (Cyclorbiculina, 2sp.) or helmet form (Archaias angulatus), about 2mm, 
up to 4mm, green (chlorophyte symbionts). Other similar genera (Broeckina, 
Androsina). Abundant in backreef shallow facies downto 20-25m, rarely in 
restricted facies (Androsina), on bottom or algae. Restricted to the 
Caribbean, but exist rare similar smaller forms in Indian ocean, New 
Guinea. 
Soritids 
Large white discs, 2-6mm (Sorites 3sp., worldwide, Amphisorus heimprichii, 
Indopacific), up to 4cm (Marginopora vertebralis, western Pacific), with 
brown color (dinoflagellates symbionts similar to Symbiodinium 
microadriaticum, or green S. marginalis with chlorophyts). Sorites and 
Amphisorus mostly epiphytic on eelgrass where they are conspicuous, 
Marginopora generally dwelling on bottom. Mainly downto 30-40m, rarely 70m. 
Alveolinids 
Small (0.5-1.5mm) subglobular (Borelis pulchra, worldwide), elongate (B. 
sclumbergeri, Indopacific) to 5-10mm (elongate Alveolinella quoii, western 
Pacific). Brown diatom symbionts. Living in sand, sometime on hard 
substrate or algae, rarely seen during diving. Small Borelis can be 
shallow, mostly 20-50 m depth. 
 
HYALIN SHELLS (Rotaliina) 
Calcarinids 
Rather small (1-2mm) spheric, spheric with spines or stellate forms, brown 
(diatom symbionts). Apart Calcarina calcar (Indopacific), restricted to 
western Pacific where they are often very abundant (up to 100 
specimens/cm2) on sediments in shallow (less then 5-10m, rarely to 20m) 
high energy reef margin with current or bathed tidal pool. Also a small 
ecological Calcarina-like Asterigina carinata in Caribbean, somewhat 
deeper. 
Amphisteginids 
Shape of lense with medium size (1-2.5mm), slightly assymetric, with brown 
color (diatom symbionts, also accessory chlorophyt ones). One genera, 
Amphistegina, abundant, with worlwide repartition. Shallow thick species 
(A. gibbosa, Caribbean, A. lessoni, A. lobifera, Indopacific) from surface 
downto 20-40m, then flatter A. radiata and deeper A. bicirculata, A. 
papillosa downto 150m. Inhabits various biotopes : most abundant in algae 
turf otherwise on shallow sands, well represented on green or brown algae 
as well as on eelgrass somewhat on the lower part, or on boulders, gravels 
on both upper and lower faces, or on mud-fine sand in calm or deep euphotic 
realms. 
Nummulitids 
Mid-water and deep shelf species : 
- Operculina (and Nummulites)/Heterostegina : Spiral shell of 1.5-5mm, 
green or brown (diatom symbionts), thick in shallow waters, evolute in deep 
waters, 0 to 150m depth. O. ammonoides, rather on fine sand, mud or between 
eelgrass, H. depressa (Indopacific), H. antillarum (Caribbean) on hard 
substrate, boulders, dead coral head, coarse sand, sometime very shallow. 
- Heterocyclina/Cycloclypeus : Cyclical flat deeper water species, 5mm-5cm 
diameter (record 14cm), on sediments 70-150m depth where they can cover 
10-20% of the surface. Diatom symbionts. H. tuberculata in western Indian, 
C. carpenteri, Heterostegina operculinoides in eastern Indian-western 
Pacific. 
 
MICHAUD francois 
Laboratoire de Geodynamique sous marine 
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie 
La Darse, B-P 48,  
Villefranche sur Mer, France 
Tel : (33) 93 76 37 40 ou 37 49 
Fax : (33) 93 76 37 66 
E-mail : micho@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr  8 22:09:35 1996 
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From: mcall@superaje.com 
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Date: Mon, 8 Apr 96 21:01:13 EDT 
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Subject: Re: Reef Resource Page 
To: P.Blanchon@UAlberta.CA (Paul Blanchon), coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
In-Reply-To: <v01540b00ad8e9eb7324e@[129.128.54.160]> 
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Hi Paul, 
I look forward to seeing your reef page.  Ocean Voice is a Canadian NGO which  
has been working for coral reef conservation for 10 years now. 
 
If you don't have a hot-link to our home page, we would appreciate it. See 
 
	http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html 
 
And get your university to subscribe to Sea Wind, our quarterly bulletin.  The  
latest special 72-page issue is on Status of the World Ocean and Its  
Biodiversity.  Back issues are only $15 per year.  And they might want to have  
our 126 page educational manual, Save Our Coral Reefs, $20 + postage. 
 
don 
 
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html 
E-mail: mcall@superaje.com   (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) 
Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 10 13:46:02 1996 
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	id AA16681; Wed, 10 Apr 96 13:01:14 EDT 
Message-Id: <316BA526.7793@ldeo.columbia.edu> 
Date: Wed, 10 Apr 1996 12:10:14 +0000 
From: Ray Sambrotto <sambrott@ldgo.columbia.edu> 
Reply-To: sambrott@ldgo.columbia.edu 
Organization: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Macintosh; I; PPC) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: jsh32@columbia.edu 
Subject: reef studies with CZCS 
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For a student project, I am looking for information on the use of remote  
sensing (particularly Coastal Zone Color Scanner - CZCS - images) in  
assessing reef health.  Thanks in advance for any info. on this. 
 
--  
Raymond N. Sambrotto, Ph.D. 
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 
Rt. 9W 
Palisades, NY  10964  U.S.A. 
phone: 914-365-8402; fax: -8150 
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/EV/EarthViewHome.html 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr  9 12:06:09 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang) 
Subject: Re: strange photographic request 
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Dear Colleagues, 
        To finish a traveling exhibit about conserving coral reefs in the 
Caribbean region we could really use a good photo of people using suntan 
lotion at a beach....should anyone just happen to have an image like this 
that we could borrow for a couple of weeks, please let me know right away 
and I'll send shipping instructions. 
       Many advance thanks, 
 
       Judy Lang 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 12 05:42:54 1996 
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From: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
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1996 04:54:08 -0400 
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 04:54:08 -0400 
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ere know about cluster analysis. I am classifying coral 
communities, but am not sure what transformation to use on the  live% cover 
data. There are a number of rare species, hence zero's in the data set! 
 I get good results with log-ratio transformaions (which get rid of zero's), 
but I am unsure as to how valid this proceedure is!! 
 
Thanks!! 
 
Peter Collinson 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 12 10:10:21 1996 
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Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 09:51:56 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: reef studies with CZCS (fwd) 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 13:52:59 GMT 
From: Dr Anjali Bahuguna <anjali@sac.ernet.in> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: reef studies with CZCS 
 
Dear Raymond N. Sambrotto 
 
Using remote sensing data, lot of work has been done on the 
coral reefs of India. Particularly using Landsat TM, Indian 
Remote Sensing Satellite 1A, 1B and 1C. For the study of coral 
reefs health (condition) high resolution data is required. 
If you need further information I will be glad to give you. 
 
I have been able to map coral reefs zones (ecological and 
morphological) and condition by way of monitoring over a period 
of say 10 years or more and the delineation of certain associated 
features, for e.g. mud over reef - degraded condition 
                   live coral zones, wide reef flat, etc. - good 
                                                      condition. 
The mapping was done using the above data on 1:50,000 as well 
as 1:25,000 scale. 
 
Anjali Bahuguna. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 12 10:20:15 1996 
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Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 10:02:04 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Cluster Analysis 
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Forwarded message from Walt Jaap: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 09:42:48 -0500 (EST) 
From: Walt, Jaap <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: - no subject (01I3FYUT3SQQ0004E2) - - Reply 
 
 
For Classification, use Bray Curtis quantitative coefficient, square root 
transformation, and group average sorting.  A good liitle paper on the 
issue is:  Bloom, S.A. 1981.  Similarity indicies in community studies: 
potential pitfalls. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5: 125-128.  Primer, Plymouth 
Labs is a PC program that does the job real fine. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 12 10:29:31 1996 
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Date: Fri, 12 Apr 1996 10:18:15 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Online Research Directory 
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About 75 names have now been added to the Online Coral Researchers 
Directory.  If you haven't added your name yet, but would like to, you may 
find instructions at the following URL on the World-Wide Web: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/lists/directory.html 
 
Cheers... 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Apr 13 19:26:59 1996 
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From: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
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19:00:35 -0400 
Date: Sat, 13 Apr 1996 19:00:35 -0400 
Message-ID: <960413190034_469215847@mail06> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral  growth in enriched N and P. 
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Dear All 
 
Hello. Has anyone out here conducted experiments on the  effects of N and P 
on coral 'nubbin' growth?. I believe that there are some of you in Barbados, 
Glasgow and the States, and I would desperately appreciate advice on expt set 
up and refs.  
 
Many thanks 
 
Peter RJ Collinson 
The University of Hong Kong 
 
PRJCOLLI@AOL.COM 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 06:52:26 1996 
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	(1.38.193.4/16.2) id AA24441; Mon, 15 Apr 1996 12:07:56 +0200 
From: William Kiene <kiene@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de> 
Posted-Date: Mon, 15 Apr 96 12:07:56 MESZ 
Received-Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 12:07:56 +0200 
Message-Id: <9604151007.AA24441@hera.rbi.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de> 
Subject: Re: Pink Porites 
To: acohen@cliff.whoi.edu 
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 96 12:07:56 MESZ 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
In-Reply-To: <9603058287.AA828739438@cliff.whoi.edu>; from "acohen@cliff.whoi.edu" at Apr 05, 96 1:19 pm 
Mailer: Elm [revision: 70.85] 
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I can contribute some insight to the recent discussion of pink banding 
observed in Porites - and also help to clear Bob Buddemeier of any 
responsibility for coloring the corals in question.  I have found pink 
bands in Porites and other corals in studies of microborers in the 
Pacific (GBR) and the Bahamas.  These were in sections and cores of 
living corals.  Sampling of the pink areas (that sometimes occur below 
the living coral tissue as well as below the "Ostreobium band". Found 
that they were produced by Plectonema terebrans (a boring cyanobacteria). 
The pink color is likely a chromatic adaption of pigments to low light 
conditions.  Cochocelis (endolithic stage of red algae) probably also 
has this pigment adaption and has also been found in living coral 
skeletons (but I have not seen it in densities that would cause pink 
coloration).  It cannot be ruled out though. 
 
William E. Kiene 
Geologisch-Palaeontologisches Institut 
Senckenberganlage 32 
J.W. Goethe-Universitaet 
D-60054 Frankfurt am Main 
Germany 
 
Tel. +49 69 798 28598 
Fax. +49 69 798 22958 
 
E-mail. kiene@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de 
 
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Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 10:16:08 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Eutrophication 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sun, 14 Apr 1996 12:58:40 -0400 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
 
Hi there, 
 
I have just completed a Web search engine sweep on the word 
"eutrophication" and found the following place names. 
 
Jakarta Bay, Indonesia                    Saquarema, Brazil 
Cancun, Mexico                            Barclay's Park, Barbados 
Moreton Bay, Australia                    Peel-Harvey, Australia 
 
 
In addition, I hit on these areas from Florida: 
 
Hillsborough Bay (an "impacted subdivision of Tampa Bay) 
Palm Beach and Broward counties "widespread" algae blooms 
Florida Bay    concerns re. blooms and or eutrophication 
Sarasota Bay                    " 
Florida Keys                    " 
Indian River                    " 
 
 
When reading these Web coastal information/reports one thing stands out 
-- that human population has increased greatly along the world's coastal 
areas since the late 60's. Following right along (I quickly discovered) 
were more and more scientific papers and references to such things as 
run off, sewage,  eutrophication, algae blooms, sea grass dieoffs etc. 
 
[By the way, I am not suggesting here that increased human population 
along coastal areas causes/generates scientific papers but I *did* find 
the link an amusing and true one.] 
 
What I found significant are the numerous reports by researchers 
expressing concern over the increased nutrient loading along coasts and 
related eutrophication/environmental degradation over the last two 
decades. 
 
Below are regions with environmental/eutrophication concerns but I can't 
find any detailed environmental information on them.  My main interest is 
the prevalence of a marine turtle disease called fibropapillomas in these 
areas.  But I would also like to know about the conditions underwater in 
these areas. See, I figured coral people when studying corals might notice 
lumpy turtles in the same way that when I study lumpy turtles I notice dead 
corals. 
 
So.  What follows are areas I need information on.  I would like to know the 
prevalence of fibropapillomas in these areas AND any details of known 
environmental insults to the ocean near these places. 
 
 
Jakarta Bay, Indonesia                    Saquarema, Brazil 
Cancun, Mexico                            Peel-Harvey, Australia 
 
                         and in Florida, 
 
Hillsborough Bay (an "impacted subdivision of Tampa Bay) 
Palm Beach and Broward counties "widespread" algae blooms 
Sarasota Bay                    " 
 
 
My success asking other divers has been minimal.  I attribute this to 
the fact that most recreational divers won't dive in the kind of water I 
need reports on. I am hoping someone in this list could help. 
 
I am particulary interested in any info on the four non-US sites. 
 
If you have any information, please don't hesitate to send it this way, 
no matter how unimportant you might think it is. 
 
While I am on here, two other things: 
 
I have been told that the south and west coasts of Barbados have experienced 
considerable coral kills and seaweed blight.  I would be interested in the 
place name of the worst area.  Then my task will be to find the prevalence 
of GTFP there.... unless, of course, I hit paydirt and someone can provide 
me with both pieces to the puzzle...   :-) 
 
Finally, and still related, if anyone is aware of coral kills resulting from 
Cladophora blooms, I would be interested in that too. 
 
 
Thanks for your time and regards 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 12:22:58 1996 
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From: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Beliza GEF Project 
Message-ID: <SIMEON.9604151725.A@muahost.ukc.ac.uk> 
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 17:02:25 +0100 (bst) 
Read-Receipt-To: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
Delivery-Receipt-To: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
Request-Receipt-To: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
Priority: NORMAL 
X-Mailer: Simeon for Windows 
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Dear all 
 
Does anybody out there knows what is actually  
happen with the CCC e-mail (if anything is wrong  
with it) in Belize Jgibson@btl.net.  I been trying to  
contact Janet Gibson (The National Project Adviser)  
for the pass three weeks and I haven't had any  
reply.  Also I been triying to phone them but the CCC  
office in London don't seem to have the right  
telephone number (they claim that 44552 is the right  
number, but I think in Belize they have  six diget  
number) 
 
Can anyone out there help me?  I promise that I  
would dedicate my research project to the person  
who can provide me with the correct information 
 (phone/e-mail or any contact adress for the CCC in  
Belize) 
 
Thanks 
 
William Moreno 
Durrel Institute of Conservation and Ecology 
wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 13:31:09 1996 
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	for <coral-list@reef> id NAA15237; Mon, 15 Apr 1996 13:20:25 -0400 
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 13:20:25 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Sand Key C-MAN station going off line (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960415131640.15226A-100000@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Forwarded message regarding the Sand Key C-MAN station situated at the 
southern end of the Florida Straits: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 12:36:05 EST 
From: James C. Humphrey <HUMPHRJ1@mail.firn.edu> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: svargo@marine.usf.edu, jogden@marine.usf.edu 
Subject: sand key going offline 
 
	The Florida Institute of Oceanography's (F.I.O.) enhanced Coastal 
Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations are operated through a 
cooperative agreement with the National Data Buoy Center (N.D.B.C.).  The 
network stations have been installed at Fowey Rocks, Molasses reef, 
Sombrero reef, Sand Key reef, Florida Bay, and the Dry Tortugas. The 
C-MAN stations normally only carry a meteorological suite of sensors, but 
can be enhanced with oceanographic sensors.  The data collected at the 
enhanced stations include: wind speed, direction and peak gust, barometric 
pressure, air temperature, solar irradiance, seawater temperature, 
salinity, and underwater solar irradiance. Solar irradiances are currently 
not available at Sombrero or Molasses, furthermore, salinity is not 
available at Sombrero. 
 
	The Sand Key Meteorological station, and its oceanographic sensors 
will be taken off-line.  These actions have been planned since October 
1995, but only now have been scheduled to be carried out, unless there is 
financial support for this station.  The National Weather Service feels 
Boca Chita measurements are sufficient, and Sand Key is a redundant 
measurement. 
 
	If the station is taken off-line, we not only lose accurate 
oceanic wind measurements, we lose the Coast Guard permit to use the 
station and the only long term environmental reef tract monitoring station 
in Key West.  The cost to reconstruct the present station is over four 
times the amount to keep it running at current levels. 
 
	With increased large vessel harbor traffic in Key West, and ocean 
related tourism at its highest level yet, Sand Key meteorological station 
is needed more than ever. 
 
	Please call your local congress representative to support this 
project. 
 
	Thanks, 
 
	J.Chris Humphrey 
	(field manager) 
	(305)664-9101 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 13:33:51 1996 
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Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 10:05:17 -0700 (PDT) 
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> 
To: William Moreno Caycedo <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Beliza GEF Project 
In-Reply-To: <SIMEON.9604151725.A@muahost.ukc.ac.uk> 
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.92a.960415100037.32631E-100000@saul4.u.washington.edu> 
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   You might look at the Belize Environment and Development Organizations 
   country file available through Communications for a Sustainable 
   Future (gopher csf.colorado.edu; http://csf.colorado.edu) in the 
   directory path: 
 
      Environment/Conservation Biology/Documents/Country Files - 
         Environment and Development Organizations/Americas/Belize 
 
   There are also files for a number of other Latin American countries 
   for others who might be interested. The files also contain contacts for 
   external researchers working in-country. 
 
   Preston Hardison 
   pdh@u.washington.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 14:07:10 1996 
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Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 13:01:22 -0400 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu 
From: chg2@cornell.edu (greene) 
Subject: summer internship opportunity 
Cc: DFS7@cornell.edu, chg2@cornell.edu 
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WHAT: Undergraduate Summer Internship Opportunity in Akumal, Mexico 
 
Cornell University and the Ecological Center of Akumal will be sponsoring a 
summer internship program this upcoming summer. The program is intended for 
6 advanced undergraduates with an interest in coral reef ecology. Students 
will spend 8 weeks diving and studying the coral reefs in Akumal, Mexico. 
The first two weeks will be spent intensively studying basic coral reef 
ecology while learning the benthic fauna of the local reefs. During the 
next five weeks, 
students will work on individual research projects and participate in a 
reef monitoring project that will aid in the establishment of a marine park 
in Akumal. In the final week, students will write up their results in 
reports and give oral presentations of their findings. Throughout the 8 
weeks, students will read, discuss, and write about a variety of topics 
pertinent to coral reef ecology.  Students will also be introduced to the 
local Mexican and Mayan cultures. 
 
Students participating in the program will receive 8 semester credit hours 
from Cornell University as either Biological Sciences 418 or Geological 
Sciences 418 
"Tropical Marine Science". Students should have relevant course experience 
in oceanography, geology, and/or ecology. Field course experience is 
certainly an advantage. Students must be SCUBA certified, and preferably 
have some underwater research experience. We anticipate stiff competition 
for the 6 internships, so please include any information on your 
application that may strengthen your case. 
 
WHEN: Exact dates to be announced, but probably 9 June - 3 August (8 weeks) 
 
ABOUT AKUMAL:  Akumal is a small resort town located about 60 miles south 
of Canc=FAn, on the Yucat=E1n peninsula.  Although the reefs around Akumal a= 
re 
in a relatively pristine state, this area of the Yucat=E1n is currently bein= 
g 
developed to accommodate the increasing number of tourists visiting the 
area.   In addition to the coral reef diving, attractions include the 
nearby ancient Mayan ruins of Tulum and Coba and a remarkable network of 
underwater caves called cenotes.  Local residents of Akumal are dedicated 
to preserving the health of the local reefs while maintaining sustainable 
development of the tourism industry; to support this effort, part of BioSM 
418 will involve the collection of baseline data that will be used to 
monitor and protect the health of the reefs. 
 
WHAT DOES IT COST: The cost of participation in the program is $3,500 US. 
This includes room & board, tuition, and unlimited diving for 8 weeks. All 
dive operations will be supervised by a certified dive master. This price 
also includes international insurance. There is some financial aid 
available for those needing assistance. IT DOES NOT INCLUDE AIRFARE TO 
CANCUN, MEXICO, but it does include ground transportation from Cancun to 
Akumal. Those students requiring equipment will have the opportunity to 
purchase rebuilt Sherwood regulators (w/ pressure and depth guages) and 
bouyancy compensators for $250 (retail price, if new, is approximately 
$1000). 
 
APPLICATIONS:  Applications should be filed electronically to Dan Shapiro 
(dfs7@cornell.edu). The forms are below. Dan can also be contacted for 
further information at his e-mail address. APPLICATION DEADLINE IS MAY 3, 
1996. 
 
 
Application Procedures: 
 
Student selection will be based on statements of interests and letters of 
recommendation. All correspondence and application materials will be 
transmitted by electronic mail. 
 
Please transmit the following information  to DFS7@CORNELL.EDU as 
your formal application: 
 
1. Name: 
 
2. Mailing Address: 
 
3. Telephone Number: 
 
4. E-mail Address: 
 
5. FAX Number: 
 
6. Sex: Male or Female (NOT YES OR NO) 
 
7. Birthdate 
 
8. Citizenship: 
 
9. Universities Attended: 
 
10. Current Academic Status: 
 
11. Statement of Interests: 
 
        Please describe in 500 words or less, 1.) what experience in 
        oceanography, marine ecology, and/or geology you would 
        bring to the program; 2.) what your long-term goals 
        are in these areas; and 3.) how you feel participation in the 
        program could further your efforts toward achieving those 
        goals. 
 
12. Letter of Recommendation: 
 
        Please have a letter of recommendation transmitted by e-mail. 
        Whoever writes your letter should be familiar with the statement 
        of interests that you have submitted and should emphasize how your 
        participation in the program will assist you in achieving your 
        academic goals. 
 
13. Do you need financial aid? Explain your circumstances and exact 
requirements to participate. 
 
 
 
All applications must be in by May 3, 1996 to ensure full consideration. 
We will attempt to have decisions transmitted to all applicants by May 15, 
1996. 
 
 
 
******************************************************************* 
Charles Greene          Phone: (607) 255-5449 
                        E-mail:  CHG2@CORNELL.EDU 
                        FAX:    (607) 254-4780 
 
Director, Ocean Resources & Ecosystems Program, Center for the Environment 
Associate Professor, Department of Geological Sciences, 
2130 Snee Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 14:51:44 1996 
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Date: Mon, 15 Apr 96 12:20:51 CST 
From: "Coral Cay Conservation" <coral@ucb.edu.bz> 
Message-Id: <57132.coral@ucb.edu.bz> 
X-Minuet-Version: Minuet1.0_Beta_16 
X-POPMail-Charset: English 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Fwd: Beliza GEF Project 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
----- Forwarded message begins here ----- 
From: William Moreno Caycedo  <wm1@ukc.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Mon, 15 Apr 1996 17:02:25 +0100 (bst) 
Subject: Beliza GEF Project 
Dear all 
 
Does anybody out there knows what is actually  
happen with the CCC e-mail (if anything is wrong  
with it) in Belize Jgibson@btl.net.  I been trying to  
contact Janet Gibson (The National Project Adviser)  
for the pass three weeks and I haven't had any  
reply.  Also I been triying to phone them but the CCC  
office in London don't seem to have the right  
telephone number (they claim that 44552 is the right  
number, but I think in Belize they have  six diget  
number) 
 
Can anyone out there help me?  I promise that I  
would dedicate my research project to the person  
who can provide me with the correct information 
 (phone/e-mail or any contact adress for the CCC in  
Belize) 
 
Thanks 
 
William Moreno 
Durrel Institute of Conservation and Ecology 
wm1@ukc.ac.uk 
 
 
 
Dear Mr. Moreno, 
 
 
You could get in touch with Janet Gibson at tel # +501 (0) 2 35739/30719 or  
fax # +501 (0) 2 35738. 
 
 
Coral Cay Coservation contact number in Belize is fax/phone  
# +501 (0) 2 32787, E-mail CORAL@UCB.EDU.BZ 
 
 
Henry Lanza 
CCC Office Manager 
 
 
 
 
 
------ Forwarded message ends here ------ 
 
--------------------------------------------+-------------------- 
University College of Belize, PO Box 990,   |  Tel: +501 2 32787 
Belize City, BELIZE, Central America.       |  Fax: +501 2 32787 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 19:50:21 1996 
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Date: 	Mon, 15 Apr 1996 13:33:06 -1000 
From: Greta Smith Aeby <greta@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: greta@uhunix3 
To: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral growth in enriched N and P. 
In-Reply-To: <960413190034_469215847@mail06> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SV4.3.91.960415133136.16424A-100000@uhunix3> 
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Peter, 
     Dr. John Stimson at the University of Hawaii has done experiments  
looking at the effect of N & P enrichment on coral growth.  He published  
a paper on his results. 
 
On Sat, 13 Apr 1996 PRJCOLLI@aol.com wrote: 
 
> Dear All 
>  
> Hello. Has anyone out here conducted experiments on the  effects of N and P 
> on coral 'nubbin' growth?. I believe that there are some of you in Barbados, 
> Glasgow and the States, and I would desperately appreciate advice on expt set 
> up and refs.  
>  
> Many thanks 
>  
> Peter RJ Collinson 
> The University of Hong Kong 
>  
> PRJCOLLI@AOL.COM 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 15 21:17:23 1996 
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Date: Tue, 16 Apr 1996 13:04:56 +0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: vanessa.craig@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Vanessa Craig) 
Subject: sand patch communities associated with reefs 
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I have been trying to find literature regarding studies conducted on 
tropical soft-bottom communities associated with coral reefs.  Ideally, I 
am looking for studies which have concentrated on sand patches on the outer 
reef slope.  However, the only papers I have been able to find are those by 
Betz and Otte (1980), Grelet et al., (1987), Jones (1984) and Thomassin et 
al., (1982),  . 
 
I would be very grateful for any information on other relevant literature. 
 
Thanks. 
 
Vanessa Craig 
 
 
 
Betz K.H. and Otte G.  1980.  Species distribution and biomass of the 
soft-bottom faunal macrobenthos in a coral reef (Shaab Baraja, Central Red 
Sea, Soudan).  Proc. Symp. Kartoum 1: 13-37. 
 
Grelet Y., Falconetti C., Thomassin B.A., Vitiello P. and Abu Hilal A.H. 
1987.  Distribution of the macro- and meiobenthic assemblages in the 
littoral soft- bottoms of the Gulf of Aqaba (Jordan).  Atoll Res. Bull. 
308: 1-14. 
 
Jones A.R.  1984.  Sedimentary relationships and community structure of 
benthic crustacean assemblages of reef-associated sediments at Lizard 
Island, Great Barrier Reef.  Coral Reefs 3(2): 101-111. 
 
Thomassin B.A., Jouin C., Renaud-Mornant J., Richard G. and Salvat B. 
1982.  Macrofauna and meiofauna in the coral sediment on the Tiahura Reef 
Complex, Moorea Island (French Polynesia).  Tethys 10(4): 392-397. 
 
 
 
Department of Marine Science 
University of Otago 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin 
New Zealand 
e-mail:  vanessa.craig@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 16 02:39:48 1996 
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Date: Tue, 16 Apr 1996 08:25:53 GMT 
From: pichon@univ-perp.fr (michel pichon) 
Message-Id: <199604160825.IAA07788@gala.univ-perp.fr> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Green water 
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     A " GREEN WATER" EPISODE IN POLYNESIA 
 
     A huge oceanic phytoplanktonic blom caused abnormaly high 
 
turbidity in French Polynesian waters in March 1996. 
 
     In early March, fishermen and divers reported high turbidity  
in oceanic waters near Tahiti and Moorea. Samples were  
immediately taken by the permanent staff of the CRIOBE (EPHE 
 
laboratory in Moorea). Other samples were taken by scientists of  
the French University of the Pacific and by ORSTOM. The bloom  
was sufficiently important to cause Secchi disc measurements of  
less than 7 m, as compared to the usual 25 m plus. Visibility was 
 
very low below 20 m depth. From various sources, the bloom  
was estimated to cover at least 500 km2, from the island of  
Raiatea to the atoll of Kauhei East to West, and from the  
Tuamotu archipelago to Tahiti, North to South. 
 
     The phytoplankton bloom was characterized by a pronounced  
green colour and a gummy consistency. It was limited to oceanic 
 
waters although some green lagoon waters could occasionally be 
 
observed when oceanic waters were flushed over the reef front. 
 
Inverted microscope examinations revealed a multispecific 
 
composition. Picoplanktonic and nannoplanktonic cyanophytes 
dominated together with (but to a lesser extent) many diatom  
species and 4-6 species of coccolithophorids. Conversely, 
 
dinoflagellates, which usually dominate the oceanic  
phytoplankton were not abundant. Other small phytoflagellates  
(e.g. prasinophytes,euglenophytes, chrysophytes) were  
occasionally encountered. Additional sampling was carried out  
for algal pigments and POC and DOC determinations. 
 
     The bloom did not cause massive fish mortality but oceanic 
 
fishes like tuna disappeared from the area. Normal catches were  
made outside the bloom zone or in the places where the waters 
 
returned quickly to normal colour. 
 
     The cause of the bloom is uncertain. Above normal seawater 
 
temperatures were observed to the north and the west of Moorea 
 
island, but not in the whole of the area where the bloom  
appeared. As oceanic waters in French Polynesia are strongly 
 
oligotrophic, it is assumed that such a bloom  would need an 
 
enrichment of nutrients, possibly a localized upwelling of deeper 
 
waters. However, no low temperature anomaly could be detected  
by the temperature recorders which have been in place for  
several years on the outer reef slopes of Moorea, at 25 and 35 m 
 
depth. Other hypotheses, like a displacement of the equatorial 
 
upwelling, or the influence of the eruption of submarine  
volcanoes in the Vanuatu archipelago do not seem realistic. 
 
Bruno  Delesalle 
Biologie Marine et Malacologie 
EPHE 
Universite de Perpignan 
France 
 
Please email comments or replies to : criobe@tahiti.rio.net  or to 
 
  bd@univ-perp.fr 
 
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Date: Tue, 16 Apr 1996 11:42:13 -0500 
From: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject:  Coral info for Congress 
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Coral folks: 
 
      I have a request from a congressional office for some background 
information relating to coral and coral reefs.  I would appreciate some 
assistance in pointing me in the direction of where I might find what the office 
needs.  BTW, I work for the Congressional Research Service, one of the 
support agencies for the U.S. Congress -- we provide non-partisan, objective 
public policy analysis for Members of Congress and their staff. 
 
       Here is what the office is seeking: 
 
a)  a list of U.S. and world experts on coral resources, degradation, and 
protection, including address and/or telephone numbers.  Does any published 
list exist that might be provided to respond to this question?  If not, what might 
be the best approach to quickly generate the beginnings of such a list? 
 
b)  the identity and text of any State or Territory (United States only) 
legislation, studies, or hearings on coral resources, degradation, or protection. 
Any bibliographies for Florida, Hawaii, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, 
and others on State/Territorial legislative resources relating to corals?  [I am 
getting together everything done by the Federal Government, but need some 
help with the State/Territorial material] 
 
c)  the identity and text of any United Nations resolutions, conferences, 
studies, symposiums on coral resources, degradation, and protection.  
Especially interested in all documentation relating to UN resolution 
designating 1996 as "The Year of the Reef" -- and any events scheduled in 
relating to this UN designation. 
 
      Thanks for any assistance and suggestions you might be able to provide. 
 
                                                        Gene Buck, senior analyst 
                                                        Congressional Research Service 
 
    e-mail:  gbuck@crs.loc.gov 
    fax:  (202) 707-7289 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 17 03:43:27 1996 
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Organization: Institute of Marine Biology of Crete,  
	P.O.Box 2214, Heraklio, Crete, GR-71003  GREECE 
	tel: +30(81)242022, fax: +30(81)241882, tlx: 262268 IMBC GR 
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Date: Wed, 17 Apr 1996 10:28:40 +0300 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: lisa@imbc.gr (Lisa owen) 
Subject: IMBC Marine Science Forum 
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**Apologies for the cross-postings. This will be distributed to all 
relevant marine lists*** 
 
 
The Institute of Marine Biology of Crete (IMBC) invites the posting of 
messages on its Marine Science Forum (URL: 
http://www.imbc.gr/cgi-bin/netforum/general/a). 
 
The Forum is a web-based communication and collaboration system, and allows 
participants to browse topics, messages and replies, and to send e-mail 
directly to forum participants. You may create your own topics for the 
forum - this is particularly suited for specific subject areas not 
addressed by any of the mailing lists. 
 
Any enquires, questions or suggestions should be directed to lisa@imbc.gr 
 
Lisa Owen 
Information design and Development Dept. 
I.M.B.C, Iraklio, Greece 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 17 07:12:16 1996 
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Date: Wed, 17 Apr 1996 06:49:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: US Coral Reef Initiative--US National Science Foundation 
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The following message has been split into two parts, because of its large 
size. 
 
Forwarded message, Part 1: 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From: prtaylor@nsf.gov 
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Date: Tue, 16 Apr 96 01:51:34 EST 
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To: coral-list 
Subject: US Coral Reef Initiative -- US National Science Foundation 
 
 
16 April 1996 
 
To anyone interested: 
 
Attached is a revised compendium that outlines many research and 
related projects that were supported by the U. S. National Science 
Foundation with Fiscal Year 1995 funding as part of the US Coral Reef 
Initiative and as part of the US  contribution to the International 
Coral Reef Initiative. 
 
 
Phillip Taylor, Director 
Biological Oceanography 
Division of Ocean Sciences 
U. S. National Science Foundation 
4201 Wilson Blvd. 
Arlington, Virginia 22230   USA 
prtaylor@nsf.gov 
703-306-1587 
 
16 April 1996 
 
 
Directorate for Geosciences (lead) 
 
Population Biology of Caribbean Octocorals 
Daniel Brazeau, University of Florida 
 
Fertilization success among sessile, marine invertebrates is a largely 
unknown variable bridging those factors which field ecologists can measure 
(fecundity, organism size, population abundance) and one often difficult 
to estimate (reproductive success). Using the Caribbean octocoral Baiareum 
asbestinum as a model animal, this project will examine temporal and 
spatial variation in reproductive success for male and female colonies. 
The research will test the specific prediction that female fertilization 
success is directly proportional to the nearby abundance male colonies. 
This information is crucial for understanding the abundance and growth of 
invertebrate populations in coral reef ecosystems and will provide 
important information for the successful restoration and management of 
coral reefs worldwide. 
 
The Role of Heterotrophic Dinoflagellates in Marine Plankton Dynamics: 
Growth, Grazing Behavior and Bioluminescence Edward Buskey, University of 
Texas 
 
This study will examine the effects of food quantity and quality on the 
growth, feeding and bioluminescence of several species of Protoperidinium. 
Selective feeding of these pallium, feeding dinoflagellates (which capture 
large food particles extracellualarly) and the role of sensory perception 
in this selection process will also be examined. In addition, the study 
will determine the abundance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in the 
western Gulf of Mexico, and examine the relationship between growth rate 
and bioluminescence capacity for field collected Protoperidinium incubated 
at ambient food concentrations. 
 
 
Hydrodynamic Forcing of Metabolism of Coral Reef Algal Communities Robert 
Carpenter, California State University Northridge and Susan Williams, San 
Diego State University 
 
The current paradigm explaining how coral reefs maintain high biomass of 
organisms and extremely high rates of gross primary productivity is that 
tight recycling of nutrients and organic matter occurs within the reef 
resulting in zones of net autotrophy alternating with zones of net 
heterotrophy. Autotrophic upstream communities are thought to support 
downstream heterotrophic assemblages with the overall balance resulting in 
ecosystem P/R ratios near unity. According to this paradigm, coral reefs 
are not coupled significantly to the surrounding oligotrophic ocean. 
Recent studies suggest that coral reefs may be much more dependent on 
hydrodynamic processes than currently believed. Although nutrient 
concentrations of tropical waters are very low, an enormous volume of 
water is advected across the reef and could result in a large flux of 
nutrients to benthic primary producers. The major upstream autotrophic 
zone is the reef flat where algal turf assemblages are responsible for the 
majority of primary productivi ty. Previous work has demonstrated that 
rates of primary productivity and nitrogen fixation of algal turf are 
affected significantly by water flow speed. Furthermore, flow measurements 
on one reef suggest that algal canopy height significantly alters the 
local hydrodynamic regime and as a result, metabolic processes of algal 
turfs may be diffusion-limited for a significant proportion of time. This 
project will test the hypothesis that rates of primary productivity and 
nitrogen fixation of coral reef algal turfs are diffusion-limited. 
Measurements of the flow environment on a reef flat will be made and used 
to estimate the degree to which algal turfs varying in canopy height are 
diffusion-limited. The project will then move on to test hypotheses about 
the specific factors that result in diffusion- limitation. The results of 
this project should fill a gap on empirical measurements of water flow in 
coral reef environments and how water flow affects algal metabolism. The 
results of this research may lead to a si gnificant paradigm shift in 
understanding how coral reefs function. Demonstration that reefs are open 
ecosystems that are strongly coupled to the surrounding ocean environment 
would have important implications for predictions of the effects of global 
climate change on these unique ecosystems. 
 
 
Recent Variability in the Intertropical Convergence Zone of the Western 
Atlantic: Seasonal Multicentury Reconstructions from Venezuela Corals 
Julie Cole, University of Colorado 
 
This project will examine stable isotopes in corals collected off 
Venezuela to look for evidence of changes in ocean circulation and 
temperature which may correlate with rainfall patterns in Brazil and 
sub-Saharan Africa. If so, the coral record can be used to extend rainfall 
records to prehistoric times, in order to discern cyclic or long-term 
changes. The project also implicitly tests assumptions about the role of 
cross- equatorial heat transport in controlling tropical Atlantic climate. 
 
 
The Record of ENSO in the Warm Pool of the Western Pacific: Multi-century 
Reconstruction from the Geochemistry of Long-lived Corals Julie Cole, 
University of Colorado 
 
The western Pacific warm pool provides a major source of water vapor and 
energy to the global atmosphere and is a "center of action" for the El 
Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) system, whose signal permeates the global 
record of interannual climate variability. ENSO warm extremes originate 
from the region, and the western Pacific convection anomalies associated 
with ENSO propagate climate variability throughout the tropics and the 
world. This award supports a project that will reconstruct multi-century 
records of variability in the ocean/atmosphere of the western equatorial 
Pacific, using geochemical records from the skeletons of long-lived 
corals. The study will extend the limited record to ENSO to span the past 
few centuries along an equatorial transect from the region of the date 
line into the heart of the western Pacific warm pool. The resulting 
records will provide a new understanding of long-term temporal and spatial 
variability of ENSO and its relation to variations in the western Pacific 
warm pool an d to external forcings, including the regional response to 
the Little Ice Age. The proposed paleoclimatic study will place the 
TOGA/COARE observations in a long-term perspective and delineating the 
range of natural variability that models must aim to simulate. 
 
 
Population and Community Dynamics of Corals:  A Long Term Study. Joseph 
Connell, University of California 
 
The objectives of the present project are several: 1) To extend the 
detailed long-term monitoring of ecological communities of corals and 
algae on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia which has been carried on 
continuously over the past 30 years, the longest such study on any coral 
reef; 2) to expand the study to include sites on two nearby reefs, and 
additional replicate sites on Heron Reef; 3) to analyze spatial patterns 
and dynamics of corals and algae at several scales, from centimeters to 
tens of meters, both during the course of colonization of patches (opened 
by disturbances) and after most of the surface has become crowded by many 
colonies. These analyses should reveal the long-term effects of 
interactions that may be crucial in determining how natural communities 
are structured; 4) to test with controlled field experiments some 
hypotheses about mechanisms: a) that produce the unique species 
composition of corals at the Inner Reef Flat site, b) that cause 
contrasting patterns of algae after disturbances , and c) that determine 
precisely how each colony affects its neighbors; 5) to build mathematical 
models and computer simulations of the dynamics of these populations and 
communities of corals and algae: a) to investigate the influence of past 
and present conditions on future changes, b) to characterize temporal and 
spatial dynamics, and c) to test hypotheses about the consequences of 
these dynamics to the community. The models will be also used to asses the 
degree to which community structure and dynamics may or may not be 
influenced by details of spatial relationships. The field methods will use 
the standard sampling techniques used over the past 30 years, to assure 
continuity in the long-term data base. The experimental methods, using 
coral transplanting and cages to exclude larger herbivores, have also been 
used before in this study and are well- established. Larval choice 
experiments and new recruit transplants have been carried out successfully 
by the co- investigators elsewhere on the Great Barrier Re ef.. The 
significance of this proposed research to the advancement of knowledge is 
that: 1) it deepens the general knowledge of how natural communities of 
corals and algae (the dominant sessile organisms on tropical and 
sub-tropical reefs), are assembled and structured in the face of changes 
in their environment over extended periods of time; 2) it reveals some of 
the mechanisms that link the environment with these community changes, and 
how both vary over short and long time periods and between small and 
larger spatial scales; and 3) it helps to predict the effect of 
environmental changes, including those caused by human activity, on these 
natural communities. 
 
 
Ribosomal DNA Sequences in Marine Yeasts:  A Model for Identification and 
Quantification of Marine Eukaryotes Jack Fell, University of Miami 
 
Using molecular techniques for rapid and accurate determination of 
community structure, this research will determine fungal biodiversity and 
population biomass in tropical caostal ecosystems (principally mangrove 
ecosystems) of two distinctly different groups of micro-fungi: the 
basidiomycetous yeasts and the oomycetous genus Halophythophora. Both 
groups have important roles in detrital based food webs. The research 
program will include laboratory and field studies. Laboratory studies will 
complete the data bank of know species as a basis for determining 
community structure in the field. New procedures will be developed with 
preliminary emphasis on quantitative PCR (QPCR) using laser detected 
infrared labeled primers. Field research will center on reef and mangrove 
habitats. Using a combination of classical microbial techniques and 
molecular methods, the community structure and relative abundance of known 
and unknown culturable fungi species will be determined. The identity of 
these species will be ascertain ed by automated DNA sequence analysis and 
nucleotide alignment with the data bank. Species-specific regions will be 
located and primers developed to test the accuracy and sensitivity of PCR 
techniques in estimating community structure. Through the use of PCR and 
QPCR, the occurrence of unculturable species and population densities will 
be estimated. The techniques developed in this research can be applied to 
population analyses of other micro- or macro-eukaryote communities. 
 
 
Bleaching of Symbiotic Algae (Zooxanthellae) and their Invertebrate Hosts: 
Causes and Mechanisms William Fitt, University of Georgia 
 
Bleaching, the loss of symbiotic dinoflagellates("zooxanthellae" 
hereafter) of their pigments, of reef corals and other invertebrates has 
become a world-wide problem in tropical marine ecosystem, linked by some 
researchers to global warming. The results of bleaching have potentially 
devastating environmental, ecological and economic effects in the 
Caribbean, IndoPacific, an other tropical marine areas. Though there is 
some experimental work showing involvement of both higher than average 
temperature and light, the mechanisms involved in bleaching are not well 
understood this project will test three hypotheses. 1. Bleaching in nature 
is caused by high temperature stress coupled with high energy blue light 
(and possibly UV-A between 380-400nm). Preliminary evidence shows that 
while high temperature alone will induce bleaching, natural light exposure 
during high temperature treatment exacerbates the effect by lowering the 
temperature threshold and time to bleaching at a given temperature. this 
study will determ ine which component of light is responsible for this 
effect and the mechanisms of action. Early theories on bleaching had light 
playing a major role, but experimental evidence has not yet supported this 
contention. Potentially harmful chemical alterations associated with high 
energy wavelengths of blue light (and possibly some near-blue wavelengths 
of UV-A, that are not adsorbed by UV-protecting pigments found in corals) 
are not only consistent with field observations of bleaching, but are also 
supported by both laboratory and field-based preliminary experiments. 2. 
The mechanisms of temperature-light induced bleaching involves the 
irreversible dissociation of the chlorophyll-protein associations in the 
chloroplast. The harmful effects of high temperatures and light on algae 
include the irreversible separation or inactivation of the 
chlorophyll-protein complexes associated with reaction centers in the 
chloroplast. Electron transport activity and eventually carbon fixation 
decrease markedly. 3. High light and temperatures cause decreases in 
"protective" pigments which absorb ultraviolet light. The role of 
different wavelengths of light in conjunction with high temperature in 
determining concentrations of UV- screening pigments will be determined as 
well as their relationship with photosynthetic rates. These hypotheses 
will be tested using cultured and freshly isolated zooxanthellae, and 
intact hosts both in the laboratory and in field-based experiments. 
 
 
El Nino Impacted Coral Reefs In The Tropical Eastern Pacific Secondary 
Disturbances, Recovery and Modeling of Population and Community Responses. 
Peter Glynn, University of Miami 
 
This research will continue a long-term study that has focused on 
ecological disturbances to eastern Pacific coral reefs that accompanied 
the sever and historically unprecedented 1982-83 El Nino-Southern 
Oscillation (ENSO). The study involves international collaboration with 
host- county research teams and primary field sites in Costa Rica, Panama, 
and the Galapagos Islands (Ecuador), areas heavily impacted by the 1982-83 
ENSO. Dr. Glynn will lead the research to continue (a) with the physical 
and biotic monitoring of eastern Pacific coral reefs initiated in the 
early-mid 1970s, (b) investigating the responses of different coral 
species to ENSO stressors, (c) studying coral reproductive ecology as it 
relates to recruitment success, and (d) documenting coral community 
recovery. New research directions include (e) remote sensing, which will 
attempt to link coral bleaching/mortality with local and global scale sea 
surface temperatures by means of synoptic and repeated measurements, and 
(f) modeling of coral pop ulation and community dynamics based on 
mechanistic relationships between temperature, predation, coral growth, 
and survivorship derived from field monitoring and experimental results. 
Because important secondary disturbances are still occurring and reef 
recovery has been slow, it is necessary to continue this study in order to 
understand the variety of changes involved and the full impact of a major 
disturbance on eastern Pacific coral survival and reef building. We are 
hopeful that ENSO warming disturbances can provide some insight to the 
probable changes in coral reefs worldwide if projected global warming 
causes repeated and/or protracted sea temperature increases comparable to 
the 1982-83 ENSO. 
 
 
 
Quantitative Aspects of Prey Chemical Defenses 
Mark Hay, University of North Carolina 
 
This project will extend the PI's current investigations on chemical 
mediation of seaweed-herbivore and invertebrate-predator interactions to 
include: (1) complex interactions of prey nutritional value with chemical 
and structural prey defenses, (2) an understanding of how larval and spore 
defenses differ from those of the adult, and why (exposure to different 
consumers?, increased exposure to UV without adult structures that provide 
shade?, etc.), and (3) the role of learned aversion by vertebrate versus 
invertebrate consumers in affecting both prey and consumer dynamics. 
Because benthic seaweeds and invertebrates play a trophically and 
ecologically important role in tropical and sub-tropical near-shore 
communities and are rich sources of novel secondary metabolites that 
function as defenses against consumers and have potential applications as 
pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and growth regulating substances, 
understanding how these organisms respond chemically to ecological and 
environmental threats can pro vide fundamental information about how 
marine systems function, and can suggest strategies for applied uses of 
marine natural products. 
 
 
Broadcast Spawning and the Population Ecology of Coral Reef Animals Howard 
Lasker, State University of New York 
 
The literature on marine benthic ecology and evolution has generally 
ignored fertilization rates as an important factor in the life histories 
of benthic species, many which are important resource species. These rates 
have implicitly been assumed to be uniformly high and thus not a terribly 
significant factor in the establishment of the adult populations. There 
are now a number of data sets which raise doubts about the validity of 
that assumption. The research will determine rates of fertilization among 
natural populations and will explore some of the factors controlling these 
rates in reef communities. Using the Caribbean gorgonian, Plexaura A, as a 
model system Drs. Lasker and Coffroth will determine rates of 
fertilization of eggs released in synchronous spawning events. Plexaura A 
is clonal and often has skewed ratios of male and female colonies on 
different reefs. This will enable comparison of rates from reefs which 
differ in current regime and in the density of male colonies. Using random 
amplified poly morphic DNA (RAPD) from individual planulae larvae, they 
will conduct paternity analyses, determine the proportion of 
fertilizations attributable to specific male clones, and determine the 
effects of clone size and distribution on fertilization. If rates are low 
and are affected by factors such as population density, then it will be 
necessary to incorporate fertilization rates in analyses of benthic 
population animal dynamics and evolution. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 17 07:10:50 1996 
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Date: Wed, 17 Apr 1996 06:51:14 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: US CRI, NSF, Part 2 
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Forwarded message, Part 2: 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
ICRI, Part 2 
 
The Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on Symbiotic Cnidarians: Action 
Spectra, Sites of Damage, and Bleaching Michael Lesser, University of New 
Hampshire 
 
The decrease of the stratospheric ozone layer has resulted in an increase 
in the amount of harmful ultraviolet radiation reaching both terrestrial 
and aquatic ecosystems. Recent data indicates that this phenomenon will 
also affect tropical ecosystems. Tropical ecosystems have a long 
evolutionary history of exposure to fluxes of UV radiation, and can 
provide considerable insight into evolved mechanisms of protection against 
the deleterious effects of UV radiation. We presently do not know with 
confidence the wave length-dependent efficiency (action spectrum) of UV 
radiation for any physiological function in symbiotic cnidarians. 
Widespread coral bleaching events have recently been observed following 
anomolously high sea surface temperatures around the world. If UV 
radiation synergistically interacts with increased sea water temperatures, 
action spectra will be required to predict what dose of UV radiation can 
induce bleaching, with or without an increase in sea water temperature. An 
important step in understa nding the bleaching phenomenon is to determine 
the independent and synergistic effects of temperature, visible radiation, 
and UV radiation on the functional biology of symbiotic associations. 
 
 
A Facility for Research and Education at the Caribbean Marine Research 
Center, Lee Stocking Island Marine Field Station. Romuald Lipcius, 
Virginia Institute of Marine Science 
 
The Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) is one of six National 
Undersea Research Centers. CMRC's marine field station on Lee Stocking 
Island (LSI) in the Exuma Cays, Bahamas comprises 28 buildings, a 
915-meter airstrip, nine research vessels, wet and dry submersibles, and 
recompression chamber and an underwater habitat. The station affords 
access to a pristine marine environment with a diverse array of tropical 
habitats including shallow and deep coral reefs, grassbeds, sand flats, 
mangroves, submerged carbonate terraces, subsea caves, blue holes, tidal 
channels and stromatolites, a unique bio-geological feature. During 1993, 
131 visiting scientists and students conducted research in the fields of 
benthic ecology, invertebrate biology, fisheries ecology, oceanography, 
coral reef ecology, paleo-oceanography, macroalgal ecology, aquaculture, 
global climate change, coral bleaching and marine geology. In addition, a 
limited number of field courses and workshops were held at LSI. However, 
the station is hinde red by a paucity of accommodations for visiting 
scientists, and the lack of a suitable lecture and workshop facility, 
which prevents CMRC from meeting numerous requests to conduct field 
courses, workshops and research. The proposed partnership between CMRC, 
The College of William & Mary (W&M), and NSF would significantly enhanced 
the utility of one of the most productivity marine field stations in the 
Caribbean. Specifically this project will provide for the construction of 
a dormitory and lecture/workshop building at LSI. Key contributions by 
CMRC include property for the facility, support services, and 
administrative framework for coordination of activities, and maintenance 
of the building over the facility's lifetime. 
 
 
Calcification by Hermatypic Corals:  Regulation of the Calcium Pathway 
Erich Mueller, University of South Alabama 
 
Reef-building corals display two modes of calcification, that which occurs 
in the light and that taking place in the dark. Calcium carbonate 
deposition is greater in the light, a phenomenon attributed to the 
photosynthetic activity of algal endosymbionts (zooxanthellae). There is 
evidence that the two modes may differ in mechanism as well as 
quantitatively. In spite of numerous studies, the link between coral 
calcification and zooxanthellae photosynthesis remains unresolved. The 
significance of this link can be succinctly stated: the partnership of 
corals and their zooxanthellae is essentially responsible for the 
existence of the world's living (and most fossil) coral reefs. A major 
question is whether either of the calcium carbonate substrates, calcium 
and dissolved inorganic carbon dioxide, are limiting to calcification and, 
if so, under what conditions. The importance of calcium to living systems 
has led to a variety of well-conserved calcium regulatory mechanisms, 
however, very little coral research has examined such regulation. This 
strategy has a large base of information from research on other 
biomineralizing organisms and in many areas of cellular physiology. Such 
an approach, coupled with recent advances in coral culture, promises 
substantial progress in a research area that has made little during the 
past decade. This research project will focus on whether coral 
calcification is limited by calcium availability at the site of 
skeletogenesis (not in seawater) and how availability may be affected by 
symbiont photosynthetic activity. Using a combination of pharmacologic and 
kinetic approaches, the calcium pathway from seawater to skeleton will be 
compartmentally characterized. Calcium movement and regulation between 
compartments by membrane transport systems and messenger systems (i.e. 
cAMP, calmodulin ) will be of central interest. While this basic research 
question may be sufficient justification for this projec t, there are 
benefits of more practical value as well. Optimization of coral culture 
could h ave far reaching implications for coral reef conservation. 
Directly, it offers a means for propagation of corals to repair damaged 
reefs. Use of coral culture in the aquarium trade could indirectly help 
natural reefs by reducing the rapidly increasing wild harvest. 
Understanding the light-enhancement of coral calcification would allow 
manipulation of culture conditions to produce skeletons with consistent 
physical properties. Such skeletons would be of value for use in bone 
reconstruction where natural coral has been successfully employed. 
 
 
Path of Carbon in Photosynthesis and Release of Glycerol by Zooxanthellae 
Leonard Muscatine, University of California 
 
One of the most intriguing, and enigmatic phenomena in the field of coral 
reef ecology is the symbiotic relationship between the coral polyp and the 
nutrient producing dinoflagellate that it hosts. This relationship is the 
key feature in the stability of coral reefs and many of the organisms 
which reside there. The objective of this project is to study the 
translocation of carbon from symbiotic dinoflagellates to the coral host 
cells. This will be achieved by a revolutionary approach to studying this 
relationship, by artificially altering the biochemical carbon pathways, 
and evaluating the subsequent metabolism of the coral polyp and the 
photosynthetic capacities of the dinoflagellates. This shall give us new 
insights on the nutritional relationship between the two. Dr. Muscatine 
has a string of success with prior NSF awards and is at the forefront in 
this field of study. His project will help to achieve two objectives: 1) 
further contribute to our understanding of the role of coral symbioses, 
which could po tentially have biotechnological value, and 2) provide 
another opportunity for collaborative work with Russian scientist in U.S. 
laboratories. 
 
 
Housing Facility for Visiting Scientists Award 
Valerie Paul, University of Guam 
 
The University of Guam Marine Laboratory will build a housing facility for 
accommodating visiting researchers including visiting graduate students. 
The 2000 sq ft building will contain three bedrooms, 2 bathrooms, a 
kitchen, and a living area for dormitory style accommodations and a 
separate suite with two bedrooms, one bath, and a kitchen for an apartment 
style unit. Earlier support allowed the university to complete the 
architectural and engineering plans for this building. Such a facility is 
considered extremely important because 1) the institution is in an 
isolated academic environment and visiting investigators are a valuable 
resource for interactions and new ideas, and 2) skyrocketing rents and a 
serious housing shortage combine to make it difficult to impossible to 
find adequate lodging for visitors staying less than 6 months. The 
University of Guam Laboratory supports the research of 8 full-time 
faculty, numerous graduate and undergraduate students, as well as visiting 
investigators. The research dem ands on facility have increased due to the 
addition of new faculty at the laboratory, the recent establishment of 
collaborative programs between the Marine Laboratory and the University of 
Hawaii and the University of the Ryukyus (Okinawa, Japan), and the 
awareness of the Marine Laboratory as a resource for coral reef research 
by over 550 scientists who attended the 7th International Coral Reef 
Symposium on Guam in June 1992. The new building will allow the support of 
increasing numbers of visiting scientists that wish to conduct research at 
the laboratory , which will in turn enhance the research environment. 
 
 
Assessing the Chemical Defenses of Caribbean Sponges 
Joseph Pawlik, University of North Carolina 
 
Sponges are important components of benthic marine communities, 
particularly on coral reefs. Organic extracts of their tissues have 
yielded a wealth of unusual chemical compounds that are not known to be 
involved in primary metabolism. These secondary metabolites have a 
diversity of pharmacological effects in laboratory assays, but it is 
unclear why sponges produce them. The most commonly held theory is that 
these compounds are distasteful to potential predators. The proposed 
research will provide an assessment of the chemical defenses of Caribbean 
demo sponges, a group whose taxonomy and chemistry is fairly well 
described. The investigation will proceed within a theoretical framework 
established by previous research on the chemical ecology of terrestrial 
plants and marine algae. Overall, this research project represents the 
first systematic investigation of the chemical defenses of tropical marine 
sponges. The results will be useful in judging the general applicability 
of optimal defense theories based on s tudies of terrestrial ecosystems. 
 
 
On the Abundance, Dynamics and Regulation of Damselfish Populations 
Russell Schmitt and Sally Holbrook, University of California 
 
The aim of the work is to understand the dynamics and regulation of 
structured, open populations, which typify most marine reef fishes and 
invertebrates. While there is broad agreement among ecologists that 
attributes of populations are shared by more than an single process (e.g., 
availability of propagules, competition within and between life stages, 
competition with other species, predation), there remains considerable 
disagreement regarding their relative importance. There also is some 
confusion about what roles various processes have in producing dynamics; 
few empirical workers have distinguished between processes that regulate 
populations (i.e., bound fluctuations) as opposed to those that cause 
variation around the mean abundance. An enormous amount is known about the 
caused of fluctuations in abundance of reef organisms, but very little is 
known about what regulates their populations. This work will contribute in 
several key ways to understanding the general issue of dynamics and 
regulation. It is one 
 of the first comprehensive, pluralistic evaluations of reef fishes that will distinguish effects of processes on 
regulation and on variation. Second, it will use for the first time operational definitions and analytical protocols for 
quantitative assessm 
 
ents of the relative importance of various processes. As such, the research could yield standard approaches and 
procedures to address relative importance. Third, the application of infrared video technology enables the exploration 
of little studied but cr 
 
ucial processes of settlement and early mortality. 
 
 
Zooplankton Capture by Corals: Effects of Water Movement and Prey Escape 
Kenneth Sebens and Jennifer Purcell, University of Maryland 
 
Information on water flow in coral reef environments has generally been 
done to quantify mass transport across reefs or to identify important 
processes generating nutrient flux from reefs. This project will 
investigate the effects of water flow on several aspects of the feeding 
biology of corals. Field measurements of feeding rates on four species of 
corals will be made with prey sampling by an automated pump/sampler and 
field flume that allows concurrent measurements of water flow and prey 
availability. Feeding experiments will be manipulated by varying flow 
rate, prey type, and food availability and will be conducted over several 
days with different flow conditions. Capture events and prey type, and 
food availability and will be conducted over several days with different 
flow conditions. Capture events and prey escape behavior will be filmed 
using underwater video. Another important aspect of feeding biology in 
coral reefs is the small scale water flow around corals in the field. This 
will be accomplished with three self- contained underwater thermistors 
flowmeters with 2 mm spatial resolution, based on the design of LaBarber 
and Vogel (1976). The data collected will be used to characterize the 
general flow regime at the site, providing new information about the flow 
environment of coral reefs in Jamaica and other sites in the Caribbean. 
 
 
Pacific Paleoclimate from Reef Corals in the Eastern and Western Margins: 
Records from Galapagos, Cocos Island and the Gulf of Papua Glen Shen, 
University of Washington 
 
This award will support a study designed to characterize the paleoclimate 
of the eastern Pacific over the last 400 years using the best available 
coral samples and seeks to establish a new geochemical tracer in the far 
western Pacific - a region for which few marine climatic indicators 
presently exist. The foci of the eastern Pacific reconstructions will be 
the Galapagos Islands (0.5oS, 91oW) and Cocos Island ( 5.3oN, 86.9oW). The 
ratio of barium:calcium in coral argonite, a sensitive indicator of 
upwelling and fluvial discharge, will be the key measurement using an 
Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). Records spanning 
270- (Cocos) and 400-years (Galapagos) length will be produced at 
quarter-annual resolution. Additionally, annual determinations of Cd/Ca 
and Mn/Ca will be made . Developmental effort for a regional precipitation 
index over Australasia will involve determination of Ba/Ca ratios in a 
100- year coral core from the Gulf of Papua, an area markedly influenced 
by Ba-enriched contin ental runoff. The goal of this work is the 
development of climatically-relevant datasets which surpass the 
instrumental record in length yet retain the quality of latter 20th 
century measurements. Such records will allow a closer examination of 
recurrent periods (e.g annual, biennial, and three-to-seven year ENSO 
timescales) which appear to characterize the lower atmosphere and upper 
ocean, and may reveal the existence of longer time scale variations. 
 
 
Marine Biotechnology Fellowship:  Natural Products from Common 
Shallow-water Soft Corals of Guam: Reproductive Considerations Marc 
Slattery, University of Mississippi 
 
This research project will utilize analytical chemical techniques to 
evaluate the importance of secondary metabolites and steroids in the 
reproduction of 3 species of soft corals from Guam. This project builds on 
ongoing research which has identified and examined the importance of 
secondary metabolites, organic extracts, and morphological defenses in 
soft coral predator deterrence. This project will extract, isolate, and 
determine the structures of new secondary metabolites in adult colonies 
and their eggs. Temporal changes in concentrations of these compounds will 
be correlated with reproductive indices to assess the role of the 
compounds in maturation and spawning. Standard bioassays will be conducted 
to guide isolation of bioactive compounds and to determine the importance 
of isolated natural products in egg release, sperm chemotaxis, and feeding 
deterrence. Novel compounds identified in this project will expand upon a 
growing database of metabolites that can be used as chemotaxonomic markers 
and will be incorporated into existing pharmacological programs. 
Additionally, this project will contribute significant in sights into the 
reproductive biology and chemical ecology of the common soft corrals on 
the shallow reefs surrounding Guam. 
 
 
The Physiology of Sclerochronology: Mechanism and Variation in Formation 
of High Density Bands in the Massive Coral Montastrea Annularis Alina 
Szmant and Peter Swart, University of Miami;  Richard Dodge, Nova 
University; and James Porter, University of Georgia 
 
High density (HD) bands mark annual cycles of growth in X- radiographs of 
reef coral skeletons and presumably form due to physiological response to 
seasonal cycles of temperature and light. However, the mechanism of 
formation has not been established for any coral. The HD band is usually 
used to define the annual band, and thus understanding its formation, and 
the controls on variability in its timing is important. In the research, a 
conceptual model of how density bands form, based on physiological and 
morphological data obtained with earlier NSF funding, is will be 
developed. Four specific aspects of the work will include: (1) development 
of a mechanistic mathematical model for the formation of the HD band of 
Montastrea annularis, a major coral used in paleoclimate work; (2) 
conducting an in situ experiment to test the validity of the model; (3) 
evaluation of the genetic vs. environmental components of variation in 
time of formation of the HD band; and (4) assessment of the variation 
among corals in the re lationship between HD bands and stable isotope 
profiles. This study will provide the type of environmental physiological 
data needed for the precise use of coral density bands for 
paleoclimatology. 
 
 
The Temperature History of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Over the Last 30 
Ka Frederick Taylor, University of Texas; R. Lawrence, University of 
Minnesota; and George Burr, University of Arizona 
 
This project will collaborate with French scientists to drill coral 
terraces in the western tropical Pacific. Three sites will span the center 
and southern margins of the Western Pacific Warm Pool, and will be drilled 
to about 30,000 yr BP. Samples will be analyzed for stable isotopes, U, Sr 
and radiocarbon. The project will address two objectives; (1) a record of 
warm pool thermal stability at several scales of climate change ( with 
implications for circum-Pacific climate) and (2) calibration of the 
radiocarbon age scale (relevant to all science which depends on 
radiocarbon dating). 
 
 
Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Biology of Caribbean Reef Corals 
Gerard Wellington, University of Houston 
 
Recent studies indicate that ultraviolet radiation can penetrate to 
considerable depths on tropical reefs. Persistent high levels of UV 
penetration, resulting from extended periods of calm sea conditions, have 
been shown to induce stress leading to the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae 
(i.e., bleaching) in reef-building corals. These conditions may have 
contributed significantly to the regional mass coral bleaching events 
observed in the Caribbean during 1987 and 1990. This project will continue 
monitoring penetration of UV radiation, sea temperatures, and recovery of 
coral exposed to UV radiation. In addition, the project will be expanded 
to evaluate the effects of UV radiation on the early life-history stages, 
namely planula larvae and newly-recruited juveniles, of predominant coral 
species. While increases in UV radiation are predicted to be minimal at 
low latitudes, increased frequency of calm sea conditions predicted by 
global warming will lead to enhanced water column clarity and high UV 
penetration with subsequent negative effects on reef corals. This project, 
by experimentally defining the maximum UV intensities that can be 
tolerated by larval and juveniles corals, will provide insight into the 
role that current intensities of UV radiation play in limiting recruitment 
and shaping subsequent coral community structure. 
 
 
Directorate for Biological Sciences (lead) 
 
 
Center for Ultraviolet Radiation Research at the Hawaii Institute of 
Marine Biology Paul Jokiel; Robert Kinzie; George Losey, University of 
Hawaii 
 
This project will provide equipment to enable the Hawaii Institute of 
Marine Biology to serve as a center for diverse research on UV radiation 
in the tropical marine environment. An international workshop on UV 
radiation in the sea (Aug., 1994) concluded that HIMB's history of such 
research and its sub- tropical location make it the most logical site in 
the U.S.A., or the world, for such a center. A scanning spectroradiometer 
will allow precision measurement of radiation in the laboratory and the 
field. A UV- sensitive/visible wavelength remote controlled television 
will allow visual perception and measurement of portions of the sensory 
world of marine animals of which humans are dismally unaware. Visitors 
will be encouraged to use these facilities and several leading 
investigators in the field have firm plans for participation. 
 
 
Optimization Strategies for Reef Restoration Using Cultured Hermatypic 
Corals Erich Mueller, University of South Alabama 
 
Coral reefs are important reservoirs of biodiversity and serve as centers 
of biological production in low productivity seas. They provide 
subsistence and commercial fishing and contribute to third world economies 
by attracting tourism. It has become increasing apparent that reefs are 
being adversely affected by human activities. The impact of anthropogenic 
activities, both historical and modern, is damaging reefs to the point 
whether ecosystem functioning has been compromised. Restoration of reef 
fisheries and habitats is in its embryonic stages. Lessons learned from 
terrestrial and near-shore restoration programs are being examined to 
avoid costly or damaging errors. However, the logistics of working on 
reefs and their complex nature require new approaches. There is a good 
foundation of coral physiology and reef ecology research on which to base 
restoration efforts. This project includes two closely coupled components: 
1) examination of coral growth and physiology under laboratory culture 
conditions and 2) assessment of coral contribution to habitat structural a 
biological complexity and survival rates of laboratory -raised corals in 
field test plots. This project will examine the effect of photoperiod and 
substrates on coral growth rates and metabolic performance 
(photosynthesis, respiration and calcification). These data will be used 
to modify culture techniques which have significant advantages over simple 
transplantation strategies. Corals are generally slow-growing species and 
optimizing growth rates to attain coral of critical size will be 
fundamental to the success of a culture approach. The critical size will 
be assessed in field pilot studies. Test plots will be established in a 
vessel grounding site. Plots will include corals grown under various 
culture conditions (explants) and to varying sizes. Their effect on 
habitat structural complexity and the resulting biodiversity will be 
compared to corals transplanted from healthy reef areas and to natural 
control sites. Survivorship and growth rates of cul tured explants and 
transplanted corals will also be compared. Results obtained from this 
project should provide both physiological and ecological information for 
the formulation of viable restoration programs. In addition, the further 
development of coral culture will assist reef conservation efforts by 
reducing the increasing wild harvest of corals for commercial trade. 
 
 
Keys Marine Laboratory Research Housing Facility 
John Ogden; Kenneth Haddad, University of South Florida 
 
The Keys Marine Laboratory (KML) commenced academic research and education 
programs in the 1980's through a public/private partnership between the 
Florida Institute of Oceanography (FIO) and Sea World of Florida, Inc. 
Based on the success of that partnership and recognizing the need for 
these programs and facilities the State of Florida purchased the KML in 
1990. With the closure of other residential laboratory facilities in the 
region and the unprecedented scientific and political attention on the 
mosaic of South Florida environments, the KML has now assumed an even more 
critical support role. In the last five years usage by research and 
education groups has increased steadily and is beginning to exceed some of 
the capabilities of the current facilities. Particularly urgent is the 
need for improved and expanded housing accommodations for non-resident 
researchers. Lodging has been identified as one of the major impediments 
to conducting research in the region. Laboratory and boat facilities are 
equally impor tant but at this point in time the KML can reasonably 
accommodate these needs. This project will provide funding to construct 
the first unit of a planned three-unit handicapped accessible housing 
facility which will provide additional lodging space for two to four (2-4) 
researchers/unit. This facility will help meet the need of regional, 
national, and international scientists studying the continentally unique 
systems of South Florida, including coral reefs. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 17 13:59:31 1996 
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Date: 17 Apr 1996 09:18:44 -0500 
From: "Haskell, B." <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: New Web Page 
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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I am pleased to announce the posting of a new web page for the Florida Keys 
National Marine Sanctuary.  You can find us at: 
 
www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov 
 
HAPPY BROWSING! 
 
Benjamin Haskell 
Science Coordinator 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 17 21:54:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Apr 1996 11:26:14 +1000 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: tsmith@scu.edu.au (Tim Smith) 
Subject: nutrients & corals (case studies) 
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Hello, 
 
I need some case studies of nutrients degrading coral reefs and other marine 
life, either directly through a decline in laval settlement etc., or 
indirectly through coral smothering from stimulated growth of primary 
producers etc. I would appreciate any help you could give. Thank you. 
 
Tim 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 18 13:36:05 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Apr 1996 11:56:15 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: mbrush@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu (Mark J. Brush) 
Subject: email address 
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Hi all- 
 
Was there recently someone from Columbia looking for information on reef 
degredation, human impacts, etc.?  I had some information for you but no 
longer have your address. 
 
Let me know! 
 
Regards, 
Mark Brush 
Graduate School of Oceanography 
University of Rhode Island 
Narragansett, RI  02882 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Apr 18 13:58:58 1996 
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Date: Thu, 18 Apr 1996 13:29:43 -0400 
To: aeroso-l@nic.surfnet.nl, amphibiandecline@ucdavis.edu, 
        ARMCHAIR-SCIENCE@areacom.it, bene@straylight.tamu.edu (Bene List), 
        biodiv-l@ftpt.br (Biodiversity List), BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, 
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        palclime@sivm.si.edu (Paleoclimate List), ecology@bluemarble.net, 
        water@umdd.umd.edu 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Anthony Socci) 
Subject: USGCRP Seminar on The Role of Aerosols and Climate Change, April 25th 
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       U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
 
                                        The Role of Aerosols in Climate Change 
 
What are the sources of aerosols and what are their concentrations in the 
atmosphere? How much of a climate cooling influence do aerosols presently 
exert relative to the warming influence exerted by greenhouse gases?  What 
influence will aerosols likely exert in the future? How well do climate 
models account for the influence of aerosols? What are the uncertainties 
and how large are those uncertainties?  Will cooling due to aerosols 
counter warming due to greenhouse gases? 
 
 
                                                                Public Invited 
 
                                       Thursday, April 25, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                                      Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369 
                                                         Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Dr. John H. Seinfeld, Louis E. Nohl Professor and Chair, Division of 
Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, 
Pasadena, CA 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Robert J. Charlson, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Environmental 
Studies and Geophysics Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 
 
Dr. Joyce E. Penner, Atmospheric Science Division, Lawrence Livermore 
National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 
 
OVERVIEW 
Aerosol is a term used to describe the many types of small particles in the 
atmosphere. Aerosol particles vary greatly in size, source, chemical 
composition, amount and distribution in space and time, and how long they 
survive in the atmosphere. Only over the past few years has enough become 
known about aerosol effects on solar radiation that scientists can start to 
estimate their large-scale influence on climate. While the results are 
still relatively new and uncertain, what has been learned is providing 
important new insights about how humans are affecting the climate. 
 
Measurements now show that a substantial fraction of the aerosols in the 
lower atmosphere is a by-product of human activities.  The highly visible 
haze that persists in all of the industrialized regions of the world 
consists mainly of sulfate and organic compounds from emissions of sulfur 
dioxide, organic gases, and smoke from the burning of fossil fuels and 
vegetation. Emissions of sulfur dioxide, mainly from coal combustion, have 
risen dramatically in the Northern Hemisphere over the last century, and, 
while now decreasing in the United States, are continuing to rise in the 
industrializing nations of the Northern Hemisphere. 
 
Small aerosol particles affect the natural energy balance of the Earth 
mainly by reflecting (and in some cases absorbing) solar radiation and by, 
some evidence suggests, influencing the reflective and absorbing properties 
of clouds. Larger particles can also affect the fluxes of long-wave 
terrestrial radiation, but this is generally a smaller effect. Aerosol 
particles can also affect atmospheric chemistry by providing sites on which 
chemical reactions can take place-it is this role of aerosols, in this case 
mainly aerosols created by sulfur dioxide injections from volcanic 
eruptions that is contributing to depletion of stratospheric ozone and 
affecting the radiative effects of ozone in the atmosphere. 
 
The current mean global warming influence from anthropogenic increases in 
greenhouse gas concentrations and from associated changes in atmospheric 
chemistry since the 18th century is estimated to be about +2.5 watts per 
square meter.  By comparison, the continuing emissions of sulfur dioxide 
from coal combustion and other sources are estimated, with considerable 
uncertainty, to be causing an average cooling influence of about  -1.3 
watts per square meter, thus reducing the warming influence of greenhouse 
gases by about half. 
 
Recent projections of increases in global mean surface temperature suggest 
a best estimate of 2 degrees C temperature rise by the year 2100, with a range 
from about 0.8 to 3.5 degrees C depending on emissions projections for 
greenhouse gases and aerosols and climate sensitivity.  These projections by the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) are roughly one degree 
lower than similar projections in 1990 because account is being taken of 
past and future cooling influences from changes in the aerosol 
concentration. 
 
While the radiative effects of aerosols work in the opposite direction of 
greenhouse gases, their climatic effects are not simply opposing because of 
the very different spatial and temporal distributions of their influence. 
Greenhouse gases exert their influence night and day, all year long. By 
contrast, forcing by anthropogenic aerosols occurs mostly by day, mostly in 
the summer, and mostly near and downwind of aerosol sources. While the 
cooling influence of aerosols is thus regional, the climate response can 
extend hemispherically, and even globally, as the atmospheric circulation 
patterns adjust to the differential patterns of warming and cooling. 
 
The long lifetime of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (typically decades 
to centuries) and the short lifetime of sulfate aerosols (typically days to 
weeks) means that the greenhouse gas induced warming will more and more 
strongly dominate the aerosol cooling influence in the future. Also, 
because of the health effects of fine aerosol particles, allowing a greater 
build-up of aerosols cannot be used to continue to offset the greenhouse 
gas effect without leading to deleterious health and ecological effects. 
 
Because of their many influences, improving understanding of aerosols 
effects is essential. Their effects determine how rapidly or slowly warming 
will occur, how soon human and natural influences on the climate can be 
distinguished, and what the regional patterns of climate change will be. 
This seminar will provide an overview of scientific understanding and of 
the importance of gaining better estimates of the influence of aerosols on 
climate. 
 
 
                                                                     BIOGRAPHIES 
 
Dr. Robert J. Charlson began his career as an instrument engineer at the 
Boeing Company while simultaneously studying meteorology.  Upon completion 
of his Ph.D. in meteorology at Stanford University, Dr. Charlson joined the 
faculty of the University of Washington.  After 21 years in the College of 
Environmental Engineering, he joined the Atmospheric Sciences and Chemistry 
faculties.  His research interests focus on connecting chemical and 
physical properties and processes of atmospheric aerosols, focusing 
especially on the role of sulfur and organic aerosols in climate forcing. 
He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences' Panel on Aerosol 
Forcing of Climate, serves on the Science Advisory Committee of the 
Atmosphere/Ocean Experiment, and was co-lead author of the aerosol section 
of the 1994 and 1995 IPCC reports.  Dr. Charlson is a former Fulbright 
Scholar and NATO Lecturer in Meteorology.  He is also the recipient of the 
Gerbier-Mumm Award of the World Meteorological Association, and holds an 
Honorary doctorate degree from Stockholm University.  He received his BS 
and MS degrees in Chemistry from Stanford University, and his Ph.D. in 
Atmospheric Sciences from the University of Washington. 
 
Dr. Joyce E. Penner is presently Group Leader of the Atmospheric Science 
Division of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.  She is responsible 
for developing, conducting and supervising research programs that are aimed 
at evaluating the role of fossil fuel emissions in altering chemical cycles 
and climate. She has over 90 peer-reviewed publications in the scientific 
literature, including studies of stratospheric chemistry and ozone change, 
regional and urban air pollution, nuclear war effects on global climate, 
and chemical and aerosol effects on radiation and climate. She is a leading 
expert on the interactions of chemistry, aerosols, and their effects on the 
climate system and has played an active role in recognition of the effect 
of aerosols on climate, organizing several meetings including, most 
recently, the 5th International Conference on Carbonaceous Particles in the 
Atmosphere. She has served on several scientific advisory committees, 
including the National Academy of Sciences Atmospheric Chemistry 
Committee and the National Academy of Sciences Panel on Aerosol Forcing and 
Climate Change.  Dr. Penner received a BA degree from the University of 
California-Santa Barbara, and her MS and Ph.D. degrees from Harvard 
University. 
 
 
                                   NEXT SEMINAR: May  20th and 21st, 1996 
 
 A Closer Look at Global Satellite and Surface Temperature Records and Trends 
                                                         (Parts I and II) 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov.  Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 19 20:03:38 1996 
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From: LPRoerden@aol.com 
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Date: Fri, 19 Apr 1996 19:35:32 -0400 
Message-ID: <960419193532_378759136@emout10.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Grand Cayman's reef ecology 
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I'm a high school teacher bringing a group of newly NAUI certified students 
to Grand Cayman this summer for an intensive marine bio course (for the month 
of July). I've searched the net (unsucessfully!) for information specific to 
the health of the Cayman Island's reefs (I'm specifically wondering about the 
incidence of bleaching). Does anyone have any information (or can point me to 
where I might find this information)? We're designing a research project for 
the students and want to tailor it to the unique qualities of Grand Cayman's 
reefs. Any suggestions? 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 10:37:40 1996 
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list@reef>; Mon, 22 Apr 1996 10:04:17 -0400 (EDT) 
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Date: Mon, 22 Apr 1996 10:03:01 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@surf 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: ICRI Document (June 2, 1995) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960422095720.1150B-100000@surf> 
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The complete document for the International Coral Reef Initiative 
Workshop, held May 29, 1995 through June 2, 1995, is available in three 
different formats at the following FTP address:  
 
	ftp://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/pub/champ/docs/icri/ 
 
This link is also available through our ICRI Home Page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/icri/icri.html 
 
Other documents are forthcoming. 
 
	Yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 10:37:49 1996 
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Date: Mon, 22 Apr 1996 09:57:11 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@surf 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Caution on postings. 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960422095544.1150A-100000@surf> 
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Greetings, 
 
	Please note here that the e-mail address for postings to the 
coral-list has a minor change.  Please use:  
 
	coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
instead of: 
 
	coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
 
Otherwise, your message may not got posted. 
 
 
	Thanks, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list administrator 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 12:30:57 1996 
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Date: Mon, 22 Apr 1996 12:12:20 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@surf 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960422121100.1150G-100000@surf> 
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This message forwarded for Sue Wells.  We are unfortunately having some  
problems with the list-server.  Thank you for your patience. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 22 Apr 96 14:41:40 BST 
From: Sue.Wells@wcmc.org.uk 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Reef Encounter deadline 
 
   -------------------------- [Original Message] -------------------------       
The next issue of Reef Encounter, the newsletter of the International Society  
for Reef Studies, will be produced in time for the 8th International Coral  
Reef Symposium in Panama. 
 
The deadline for receipt of copy for this issue has been extended from 15  
April (as announced in Reef Encounter No. 18) to 30 April.  We apologise for  
this short notice.  Please let us know as soon as possible if you are  
planning to send an article or news item. This issue will have a larger than  
normal print-run because of the Panama meeting, so authors will have a good  
audience.  Contributions on all topics will be welcome, but we would  
particularly like items relating to Central American reefs. 
                                
We look forward to hearing from you. 
 
Sue Wells  sue.wells@wcmc.org.uk 
 
Callum Roberts  cr10@york.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 12:36:45 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: test 
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Please ignore this test message. 
 
	Jim 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 13:46:13 1996 
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From: Mangroveap@aol.com 
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1996 13:29:50 -0400 
Date: Mon, 22 Apr 1996 13:29:50 -0400 
Message-ID: <960422132950_277991391@emout14.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: Kacissna@aol.com 
Subject: relation between coral and mangroves 
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Dear Mark Eskin, 
    I was advised to write you on obtaining information on the shared 
functions of coral and mangroves.  I am the Director of the Mangrove Action 
Project, based in Seattle, WA. Our organization is a non-profit international 
network addressing the serious problems of mangrove forest loss. We are 
trying to make more solid coalition connections with other groups working on 
coastal resource issues. Your help in clarifying the mutual connections 
betweenm coral and mangroves would help in this regards.  
   Also, please advise on what it entails to join your list.  And send us a 
mailing address, if you'd like a hard copy of our Spring issue of the MAP 
newsletter. Or, if you prefer, we can e-mail it. Thank you for your time and 
consideration.  
     
                         In Peace, 
                         Alfredo Quarto, Dorector 
                         Mangrove Action Project 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Apr 22 21:51:24 1996 
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 Mon, 22 Apr 96 18:30:30 PDT 
Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 09:27:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
Subject: reply : grand cayman's reef 
To: "'smtp:coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Regarding stresses affecting Grand Cayman, ReefBase has found only a report 
by Raymont et.al, 1976, summarized in "Coral Reefs of the World", involving 
sedimentation stress.  The report is Part IV B of "Cayman Islands Natural 
Resources Study", published by the Ministry of Overseas Development, London.  
 
 
 The report may be hard to find, but many libraries have "Coral Reefs of the  
 
 
World". 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Aquatic Environments Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
PO Box 2631 Makati City 0718 Philippines 
Tel.No. (63-2) 8180466 
Fax No. (63-2) 8163183 
EMail: J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 23 03:47:12 1996 
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Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 17:21:54 +1000 (EST) 
From: Ian Price <Ian.Price@jcu.edu.au> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Algal Book Notice 
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.91.960423172114.12493A-100000@lionfish.jcu.edu.au> 
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From:  
Assoc. Prof. Ian R. Price 
Department of Botany and Tropical Agriculture 
James Cook University 
Townsville, Qld 4811 
AUSTRALIA 
 
Phone: National (077) 81 4133/4427 
       International 61 77 81 4133 
Fax:   (077) 25 1570 
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
                     BOOK NOTICE 
 
 
Ian R. Price and Fiona J. Scott, 1992, The Turf Algal Flora of the Great  
Barrier Reef, Part I, Rhodophyta, James Cook University, Townsville, xii  
+ 266 pp. (incl. 81 figs). Softcover. 
 
This volume deals with the turf-forming species of red algae recorded from 
the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. Detailed descriptions and 
illustrations of 75 species and subspecies are provided, with emphasis on 
vegetative characters. In addition, data on nomenclature, type material, 
voucher specimens, habitat, seasonality and geographical distribution are 
given. Genus descriptions, keys to genera and species, a glossary of terms 
and taxonomic index are also included. This is the first detailed 
taxonomic treatment of the turf algae which occur on coral reefs, where 
they are of major importance in trophodynamics. Although written for 
Australia's Great Barrier Reef, the work should prove useful throughout the 
tropical Indo-West Pacific region.  
 
Available from the Bookshop, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, 
Australia [phone (077) 814 812, fax. (077) 251 209]. Price Aust$58.45 
(incl. packaging and postage in Australia or overseas). Cheques should be 
made payable to "James Cook University Bookshop". For credit card payment 
please specify whether Bankcard, Visa or MasterCard, give card number, 
expiry date and name of card-holder, and include your signature. E-mail 
orders (addressed to Carina@bookshop.jcu.edu.au) will be accepted if  
full credit card details are provided.  
 
--------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 23 17:13:46 1996 
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Date: Wed, 24 Apr 1996 08:38:57 +1300 
From: "Dr.C.L.McLay" <CML@zool.canterbury.ac.nz> 
Subject: Job 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Reply-to: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
Message-id: <2B0B8310843@zool.canterbury.ac.nz> 
Organization: Zoology, University of Canterbury 
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X-Status:  
 
 
 
LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY 
 
(Aquatic Ecology) 
 
Applications are invited for the above position in the Department of  
Zoology. The minimum qualification on appointment is the Ph.D.  
degree or equivalent, and post-doctoral experience is preferable. The  
appointee can expect to contribute to the teaching of marine  
invertebrate zoology, aquatic ecology and general zoology at  
undergraduate level, and to teach a post-graduate course or courses  
in their area of specialisation. He or she will be required to  
develop an active programme of research and to supervise research  
students. Preference may be given to a candidate with strengths in  
biometrics and experimental ecology, and interests in the broader  
fields of environmental science or conservation biology. 
 
Academic enquires may be directed to the Head of Department,  
Professor M.J.Winterbourn, FAX 03-364 2024, or email:  
job@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
 
The salary for Lectures is on a scale from $42000 - 52000 per annum. 
 
Applicants should quote Position No. ZO95 
 
Applications close 30 June, 1996 
 
 
Dr Colin McLay 
Zoology Department 
Canterbury University 
PB 4800, Christchurch 
New Zealand. 
Tel: +64 3 364 2887 
FAX:   +64 3 364 2024 
email: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
WWW Home Page: http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/zool/cm.htm 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Apr 23 21:25:30 1996 
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From: Mangroveap@aol.com 
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Date: Tue, 23 Apr 1996 21:00:44 -0400 
Message-ID: <960423210043_520509739@emout10.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: Kacissna@aol.com 
Subject: The Mangrove Action Project 
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Dear Friends, 
   I am taking this opportunity to send out a broadcast announcement about 
the Mangrove Action Project (MAP).  This might be important for our coalition 
building efforts to alert those listed members to MAP's existence and 
purpose.  
    If you are interested in receiving copies of our quarterly newsletter and 
other action alerts, then please respond by e-mail, so that we can transmit 
these your way. If you would like regular hard copy mailings by postal 
service, then please include your postal address for "snail mail!" If we do 
not hear back from you, we will assume that you are not interested in further 
information from MAP, and will remove your address from our e-mail file. So, 
please respond soon to this letter of enquiry. The following is a brief 
description of MAP for your review: 
 
                       A Global Voice For The Mangroves,  
                         To Counter The "Blue Revolution" 
 
   The Mangrove Action Project is an international network addressing the 
serious problems of mangrove forest loss in tropical and sub-tropical 
nations.  MAP also acts in support of the traditional coastal peoples who 
reside near the mangrove forests and depend upon these forests for their rich 
natural resources. MAP links NGOs working around the world with those NGOs 
working directly with coastal communities where mangroves are threatened. One 
of MAP's main objectives is to promote local community land-use  rights, 
whereby local people are directly involved in, and responsible for, 
sustainable management of their own coastal resource base, including mangrove 
forest resources.  
    Mangrove forests are vital coastal ecosystems which play a major role in 
world fisheries and coastal health and protection. These forests link sea and 
land, and provide complex habitats rich in biodiversity and natural 
resources. Mangroves act as buffers against storms, wind, and wave action, 
thus protecting both coast and coastal communities from severe damage and 
loss. Countless traditional coastal fishers and farmers depend on these 
forests for both their livelihoods and cultures.  Also, the mangroves provide 
many necessary materials for construction, fuel wood for cooking and heat, 
and essential foods and medicines.  
   Yet, today, these "rainforests of the sea" are highly threatened by modern 
developments and encroachments. The charcoal and timber industries are partly 
responsible for the problems of mangrove loss, and also developments for 
tourism and human settlement play a role in the demise of these important 
ecosystems. However, the greatest threat to our planet's remaining mangrove 
forests comes from the unregulated expansion of the shrimp aquaculture 
industry..  
    For the sake of a luxury export product, jumbo shrimp, which is sold in 
Japan, the US, Canada, Europe and other wealthy nations, tens of thousands of 
hectares of mangrove forests in Asia, Africa, and Latin America have been 
cleared. Today, less than half the world's mangrove forests remain. With the 
continued, largely unregulated expansion of shrimp aquaculture, the situation 
for coastal communities and the environment is critical. 
   Yet, many governments in developing nations have taken the bait, and 
gotten caught on the hook of promised export earnings via shrimp aquaculture. 
Even the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has been promoting 
aquaculture as a means of supplementing a declining wild fishery, not taking 
into account that this same industry will further degrade the wild fisheries 
by destroying key coastal habitats and nursery grounds. 
    Basically, the shrimp industry is still in its test phase, where all the 
"bugs" have not been worked out of the system. Yet, this same highly 
experimental, and still flawed, industry is being tested through wide-scale 
application, rather than small-scale research and development.  A wise 
approach would be for the industry to first solve its  major technical 
difficulties in a lab, or controlled test facility, not in a largely 
disjointed fashion, where there are no effective controls in place. (This 
disastrous, no-holds-barred production approach could be compared to opening 
up for public transport a newly designed and untested commercial airplane to 
unsuspecting passengers on its maiden flight!) 
    The great earnings of shrimp culture are short-lived, while the real 
costs in terms of consequent environmental ruin and social disruption are 
astronomical!  While the immediate profits may temporarily satisfy an elite 
few, vast numbers of coastal residents are in the long-term displaced and 
impoverished. And, now this despoiling industry is moving more determinedly 
onto the coasts of Africa, again threatening mangrove forests, sea grass beds 
and coral reefs, while usurping the agricultural lands and resource use 
rights of traditional farmers and fishers. Because both lands and labor in 
Africa are comparatively cheap, and governments are struggling to improve 
their export earnings, the industry which is desperate for new coastlines to 
re-establish itself will seize on the opportunities presented there.   
    MAP's aim is to counter industry's next moves, by alerting African NGOs, 
coastal communities, academics and government officials of the risks involved 
in the impending invasion of the shrimp industry.  If you would like to help, 
please write letters to the FAO, asking that they not promote shrimp 
aquaculture as a benevolent means of food production. Point out that shrimp 
farming will instead only further degrade our already over-stressed 
fisheries. Please write: 
    Director of Fisheries, FAO of the UN, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 
00100, Rome, Italy 
 
   Our international network has grown to include nearly 300 NGOs and over 
100 scientists and academics. We are currently expanding the effectiveness of 
our coalition work by solidifying our ties with other major environmental and 
activist groups in both the Southern and Northern Hemispheres. An important 
gathering of coalition representatives will occur in New York in late April, 
1996 to discuss ways to strengthen our mutual efforts to protect the 
threatened mangrove forests from further destruction by launching a consumer 
awareness campaign against unsustainable shrimp mariculture.  
    Please become a subscribing member of MAP, and receive our quarterly 
newsletter.  
                Alfredo Quarto, Director 
                Mangrove Action Project 
                4649 Sunnyside Ave N., Ste. 321 
                Seattle, WA 98103    USA 
                phn./fax (206) 545-1137 
                
    And, please check out the Mangrove Action Project's webb site: 
http://www.earthisland.org/ei/.  This site is an excellent opportunity for 
those who wish to broadcast information.        
   Also, recently, MAP has opened a mangrove public conference on econet. 
 The conference name is: map.mangroves@conf.igc.apc.org     
 It's purpose is to stimulate dialogue on mangroves and shrimp issues, 
solicit research, and disseminate information.  Questions or mail 
specifically for MAP staff can be sent to: mangroveap@aol.com. 
 
   
   
   
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Apr 24 21:12:02 1996 
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          id AA12675; Wed, 24 Apr 1996 18:43:47 -0500 
Date: Wed, 24 Apr 1996 18:43:46 -0500 (CDT) 
From: "Ayax R. Diaz R." <adiaz@calafia.uabcs.mx> 
To: Coral-list mailing list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral's mucus productivity 
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.960424183912.13941A-100000@calafia.uabcs.mx> 
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Dear all 
 
	Could anybody help me? I'm trying to find some papers about  
coral's mucus productivity; I heard that Stimpson had published one but I  
don't have the reference. I'm looking for something related with the  
energetic value of coral's mucus. 
 
	I really thank your attention. 
 
Ayax R. Diaz R. 
Reef Fauna Proyect. 
Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur 
Km 5.5 Carretera al Sur. Apto. Postal 19-B, C.P. 23080 
La Paz, B.C.S. Mexico 
adiaz@calafia.uabcs.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Apr 26 17:50:29 1996 
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Date: Fri, 26 Apr 1996 17:29:23 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: 8ICRS Meeting Schedule 
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Hi All: 
 
I thought others of you intending to attend the panama meeting might also 
like to have this information in order to finalize travel plans. 
 
See you there, 
 
>Date: Fri, 26 Apr 1996 13:29:50 -0400 
>From: Mar=A1a Majela Brenes <STRI01.NAOS.BRENESM@ic.si.edu> 
>To: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu 
>Subject:  8ICRS Meeting Schedule 
> 
>The schedule throughout the Symposium is the following: 
> 
> 
>Sunday, June 23 -(In the evening) The Opening of the Public         =20 
>                                  Program and Exhibit 
> 
>Monday, June 24- Official Opening of 8ICRS 
>                 Opening of the Scientific Program 
>                 Technical Sessions 
> 
>Tuesday, June 25- Technical Sessions 
> 
>Wednesday, June 26- Technical Sessions 
> 
>Thrusday, June 27- One day field trips 
>                   Workshops 
>                   Traditional party 
> 
>Friday, June 28- Talks 
> 
>Saturday, June 29- Talks 
>                   Final Banquet 
> 
>The Registration desk at Atlapa will open from Sunday June 23 at 
>10:00 am for early arrivals, up to 10:00 pm.=20 
> 
>We would appreciate if you could inform this to anyone that might be 
>interested in knowing. 
> 
>Thanks for your interest. 
> 
>Sincerely, 
>8th ICRS Office =20 
> 
> 
> 
> 
> 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed May  5 21:11:46 1996 
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Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 10:44:25 +1000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: dbucher@scu.edu.au (Daniel Bucher) 
Subject: Open Reply to P Collinson (nubbin growth) 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Peter, 
 
        A friend forwarded your request for information on coral nubbin 
growth studies to me.  You may remember me from the ISRS conference in 
Townsville.  I was just starting up my experiments then as part of the 
ENCORE program. I now have some results of growth (by weight, linear 
extension and volume) of Acropora longicyathus and A. aspera nubbins 
exposed to two levels of N, P and NP pollution over two years at One Tree 
Island.  I have also attempted some measurements of Porites porites whilst 
on Barbados last year (damned parrot fish thwarted much of that!!).  Ove 
Hoegh-Guldberg at Sydney Uni. <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> has been following 
growth of Pocillopora damicornis and Andy Steven at the Great Barrier Reef 
Marine Park Authority <Andy_Steven@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au> has 
data for Acropora palifera from the same experimental design.  Contact me 
if you would like to discuss my results.  I have not published yet as the 
experiment is only just concluding.  So far my results support 
recently-published work from Hawaii that nutrients ALONE may not depress 
coral growth (indeed they may even enhance it in some circumstances). 
 
However, far from being benign (or even beneficial) nutrients do have 
deleterious effects on other processes important to reef survival and 
recovery.  Selina Ward's work on the same colonies as mine has demonstrated 
effects on most stages of the sexual reproductive cycle.  My own work has 
hinted at some other processes that might be affected (but it needs a lot 
more work to confirm it). 
 
                                Danny 
 
P.S.  can someone tell me how to subscribe to this list? It sounds like 
there's some useful discussion going on there. 
 
 
        ---------------------------------------------------------------- 
                                                                     * 
 
                                                                 *     * 
 
                                                                       + 
 
                            DANIEL BUCHER         * 
 
 
                      Associate Lecturer in Biology/Ecology 
                           Centre for Coastal Management 
                       SOUTHERN CROSS UNIVERSITY 
             P.O. Box 157, Lismore, N.S.W. Australia, 2480 
                Phone: +61+66 203665   Fax: +61+66 212669 
                           E-mail: dbucher@scu.edu.au 
 
 
 
        ----------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May  6 08:29:45 1996 
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Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 08:10:12 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Indonesia marine survey 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960506080741.686C-100000@coral> 
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This message forwarded from the marine biology list-server: 
 
Date:    Sun, 5 May 1996 16:30:45 GMT 
From:    Mike Bunyan <ad867@dial.pipex.com> 
Subject: Indonesia marine survey 
 
Coral Cay Conservation are sending the research team to the 
Banngai Island (C. Sulawesi) at the  end of September. 
Volunteers can sign on from minimum 4 weeks up to 12 weeks. 
The work will be marine and terestial ecology surveys. 
This is going to be a tough expedition so only the brave 
need apply. 
 
Peter Raines will be giving a pre-expedition presentation at 
CCC London on Saturday 15 June at 2.00pm.  If people are 
interested in joining this expedition,  they had better 
attend - first come, first serve principle rules! or get in 
touch quick through Pete Raines at 
ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk 
for more info. 
phone +44 (0) 171 498 6248 
fax +44 (0) 171 498 8447 
write 154, Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE 
www.demon.co.uk/coralcay/home.html 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May  6 08:34:21 1996 
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Date: Mon, 6 May 1996 08:09:48 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Maui algae bloom and effects online (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960506080905.686D-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sun, 5 May 1996 16:49:22 -0400 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Maui algae bloom and effects online 
 
 
My husband and I have been diving the same site off Honokowai, West Maui for 
many years.  It was an excellent snorkelling/dive spot until a Cladophora 
algae bloom smothered many of the area's corals in 1989. 
 
Since then the area has been plagued with either more Cladophora or Hypnea 
musciformis or a combination of both.  We have attempted to document the 
degradation of this ocean environment with particular attention to a bloom's 
effects on corals. 
 
We are both laypeople whose primary interest is turtles.  75% of the animals 
we see regularly have a disease called fibropapillomas.  However, for coral 
types, the essay also records the fate of a large stand of P. eydouxi from 
1988 to its ultimate crumbling in 1994. 
 
Algae-essay is 373K and has many online graphics of the bloom and other 
environmental insults.  May your reefs never get like THIS! 
 
Address is: 
 
http://www.io.org/~bunrab/honohist.htm 
 
 
Best and take care 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     | |     /^V\        Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax     V\ 
        /V      soon 1 yr old      V\    http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May  7 18:17:24 1996 
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From: Steve Coles <slcoles@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Oman Coral Book 
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I have recently published a field guide to the corals of Oman, which also  
contains information on the marine environment and sources of stress to  
corals in this relatively little known region.  For those interested,  
information on the book, a few of its color plates and how to obtain the  
book can be found at http://www.wco.com/~aecos/coles.html. 
 
Steve Coles 
Bishop Museum   
 
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Date: Fri, 10 May 1996 15:11:52 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Proposed NOAA effort 
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The following document, which will show up better at URL 
 
=09http://www.noaa.gov/public-affairs/florida.html 
 
later today, represents the most recent proposed NOAA effort to sustain, 
monitor and enhance valuable ecosystems, including coral reef assemblages, 
in the Florida Bay/Florida Straits area in South Florida.  Your opinions 
on this effort would probably be of great benefit to policy makers who are 
charged with reviewing this plan. 
 
=09Sincerely yours, 
 
=09Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D 
 
NOAA ESSENTIAL TO RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECOSYSTEM 
 
FY 1997 ($ 6 M) 
 
THE HEALTH OF FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO THE 
HEALTH OF THE EVERGLADES.  Before 1900, freshwater flowed from the 
Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades and into Florida Bay and coastal 
waters, where it mixed with seawater and moved onto the Florida Keys coral 
reefs.  This created some of the world's most productive and diverse 
coastal habitats.  From the Everglades grasslands to Florida Bay seagrass 
beds and Florida Keys coral reefs, the areas are an ecosystem linked 
together by the flow of freshwater. 
 
WATER FLOW IN SOUTH FLORIDA HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY CHANGED AND THE 
ECOSYSTEM IS DETERIORATING.  Over the past 50 years, canals, dikes and 
development for agriculture and a growing population changed the 
direction, quantity and quality of freshwater flow.  These changes 
threaten South Florida's productive inland and coastal habitats, and the 
economies and people who depend on them. 
 
Like the Everglades grasslands, South Florida's coastal habitats are in 
jeopardy.  Coastal waters have changed:  increased salinity, increased 
nutrient concentrations, increased pesticide concentrations, decreased 
clarity, and changes in water flow.  These changes are contributing to 
ecological deterioration including: 
 
=95=09Dieoffs of seagrasses, 
=95=09Declining fish and shrimp populations, 
=95=09Increasing blooms of atypical phytoplankton and algae, 
=95=09Dieoffs of sponges, critical habitat for spiny lobsters (most valuabl= 
e 
fishery in Florida), 
=95=09Dieoffs of mangroves, and 
=95=09Deterioration of Florida Keys coral reefs, the third largest barrier 
reef in the world. 
 
Large areas of seagrasses in Florida Bay have been dying since the summer 
of 1987.  Seagrass habitats are essential nursery areas for many 
commercial and recreational fisheries species.  The loss of seagrasses has 
contributed to declines in seagrass-dependent species such as pink shrimp, 
with significant economic impacts on South Florida's commercial and 
recreational fisheries. 
 
NOAA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE RESTORATION EFFORT IN FY 1997.  The South Florida 
Ecosystem Restoration is an integrated effort among federal, tribal, state 
and non-governmental partners to halt continued degradation of the South 
Florida's ecosystem and restore the ecosystem's valuable functions and 
services from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades, into Florida Bay 
and the Florida Keys. 
 
The restoration effort is depending on NOAA in FY 1997 for research, 
monitoring, assessments and coastal management.  NOAA's effort is (1) the 
only portion entirely devoted to restoring coastal components of the South 
Florida ecosystem, and (2) designed to evaluate the effects of "upstream" 
restoration actions on coastal resources. NOAA requires $ 6 million new 
funds in FY 1997 to fulfill these commitments necessary for successful 
restoration of land and coastal parts of the ecosystem.  This is a 
practical, relatively small investment in comparison to the large amount 
of federal, state and local dollars that will be spent to restore 
"upstream" portions of South Florida's ecosystem. 
 
NOAA HAS IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA.  NOAA is responsible 
for management of coastal resources in South Florida including fisheries, 
protected species and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  NOAA's 
unique science, management, remote-sensing and on-site capabilities 
provide information on coastal, ocean and atmospheric conditions critical 
to the entire restoration effort. 
 
NOAA will contribute the information and tools essential to successful 
restoration of inland and coastal areas by focusing on four areas of 
critical need: 
 
1.=09ESTABLISH INTEGRATED COASTAL MONITORING IN FLORIDA BAY 
AND THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY 
(National Ocean Service $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal: Establish a long-term integrated ecosystem monitoring program and 
information base on Florida Bay and Florida Keys to enable managers and 
scientists to assess ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of 
management actions. 
 
Description:  This initiative will develop and implement the first 
integrated ecosystem monitoring program for South Florida's coastal and 
marine areas.  The project is designed to inventory, integrate and build 
on the existing, uncoordinated coastal monitoring efforts.  Initial 
efforts with the State of Florida have already inventoried, placed in a 
geographically-referenced computer information system and made Internet 
accessible more than 250 existing coastal monitoring programs. 
 
2. RESTORE SOUTH FLORIDA'S LIVING MARINE RESOURCES (National Marine 
Fisheries Service $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal: Restore and sustainably manage South Florida's fisheries, sea 
turtles, marine mammals and their habitats and other coastal resources 
utilizing the best possible research, monitoring and management tools. 
 
Description:  Florida Bay seagrasses, delta, mangroves, keys and the coral 
reef communities are critical habitats for commercial and recreational 
fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals, and other living marine resources. 
All of these habitats are showing signs of stress and experiencing 
dieoffs.  While some of the stresses affecting these critical habitats are 
known (e.g., fishing, nutrient increases), others are not well understood. 
The ability to recover from these stresses, and the effects of current 
restoration efforts directed at the Everglades need to be determined. This 
initiative will provide research, management and education urgently needed 
to halt the loss and restore these habitats.  It will provide information 
to evaluate the effects of current restoration efforts, and provide 
sustainable solutions for the species that depend on coastal habitats. 
Activities include: 
 
  =95=09Collect information on the effects of changes in South Florida on s= 
ea 
turtles and marine mammals to develop adequate multi-species management 
plans. 
 
  =95=09Use information from monitoring programs to assess the status, tren= 
ds 
and management needs of fisheries and other living resources of the 
Florida Key's coral reef system. 
 
  =95=09Use information on resource status and trends in models to predict 
outcomes and implement restoration and management of critical fisheries 
habitats (e.g., reef areas and Florida Bay seagrasses). 
 
3.=09DETERMINE CAUSES OF DECLINES AND EFFECTS OF RESTORATION 
ON COASTAL RESOURCES 
(Coastal Ocean Program $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal: Provide information and models to predict possible outcomes and best 
solutions for restoration efforts in South Florida.  The goal is to better 
predict how restoration will proceed and what actions will reverse the 
decline in coastal resources and allow sustainable use in the future. 
 
Description:  The initiative will support research and modeling by NOAA 
and its academic partners on the natural and human components of South 
Florida's ecosystem.  Much of this information and predictive capability 
is currently not available.  The information and predictions will be used 
to evaluate the effects of the restoration and human demands on the 
coastal communities, resources and economies that depend on them. 
 
Using social, economic and ecological information, models will be 
developed to predict ecosystem (including human) responses to various 
human impacts and natural changes including: 
 
  =95=09Characterize human and natural stresses and responses in Florida Ba= 
y 
and the Florida Keys. 
 
  =95=09Develop an ecosystem model to predict impacts and guide management = 
of 
coastal resources and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 
 
4.=09RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S CORAL REEFS 
(NOS, NMFS, COP $ 1.0 M) 
 
Goal: Portions of the Florida Key's coral reef system are deteriorating. 
Fishing, pollution and other human impacts have impacted portions of the 
reef, but many of the causes of reef degradation are unknown and there is 
little capacity to monitor reef status.  This initiative will focus on 
restoring and sustainably using South Florida=92s fragile coral reefs. 
 
 
 
Description:  To adequately fulfill its restoration and management 
responsibilities for this special reef tract, NOAA must increase its 
efforts to monitor coral resources, manage human uses and determine the 
effectiveness of these efforts.  Using remote-sensing technology and 
volunteer assistants for on- site monitoring, this initiative will: 
 
  =95=09Build on existing, but limited coral reef monitoring efforts to 
complete the system required to provide long-term information on the 
health of the reef system. 
 
  =95=09Translate and provide this information to coastal managers. 
 
  =95=09Build public understanding, participation and local support for 
sustainable use of the coral reef tract. 
 
  =95=09Establish a cooperative training and research program to exchange 
information and build capacity for effective coral reef management at 
local levels. 
 
SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECONOMY DEPENDS ON HEALTHY COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS:  Large 
portions of South Florida's economy are dependent on healthy coastal 
habitats like Florida Bay and the Florida Keys.  Deterioration of South 
Florida's coastal resources will significantly impact these industries, 
the people that depend on them, and the people who come to use them from 
all over the United States. 
 
Healthy coral reefs, a healthy Florida Bay and clean coastal waters are 
the foundation of a healthy economy.  More than 3 million tourists/year 
from all over the U.S. spent an estimated $1.3 billion in 1991.  Florida's 
coral reefs are the #1 diving destination in the world, attracting more 
than 1.2 million divers per year.  Divers bring over $ 220 millon/year 
into the economy.  The asset value of water related recreation in the Keys 
is estimated at $ 22 billion. 
 
Commercial fishing is an important part of South Florida's economy.  In 
good seasons, for example, pink shrimp catches produced over $ 120 
million/year.  Spiny lobster catches produced $ 24 million/year. 
Recreational fishing produces more than 23,500 jobs.  The economic value 
of Florida Bay fishing trips exceeds $ 9.0 million per year. 
 
BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN NOAA'S STRENGTHS:  NOAA brings a unique suite of 
science and management capabilities to the South Florida ecosystem 
restoration effort through its expertise in coastal and atmospheric 
research, predictive modeling and resource management.  Successful 
restoration and sustainable stewardship of South Florida's valuable 
coastal resources will not be possible without application of NOAA's full 
capabilities. 
 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 
 
David Jansen, Office of Legislative Affairs=09=09(202-482-4981) 
Matthew Stout, Office of Public and Constituent Affairs=09(202-482-6090) 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 15 17:35:12 1996 
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Date: Wed, 15 May 1996 16:17:11 -0400 
To: BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, 
        ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List), 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List) 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: US Global Change Seminar on the Earth's Temperature Records and Trends May 20th 	 
                 and 21st 
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    U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
 
    A Close Look at Global Satellite and Surface Temperature Records and Tre= 
nds 
 
                                                         (Parts I and II) 
 
How is the Earth's temperature measured? What are the historical trends in 
the Earth's temperature as observed from surface measurements and from 
satellites? Are these records different? What are the reasons for the 
differences? Can satellite and surface temperature records be reconciled? 
Where do the uncertainties lie and how can they be addressed? To what 
extent do the records indicate that climate is changing due to human 
influences? What is the evidence that humans are having a discernible 
influence on the global climate? 
 
                                                                 Public Invi= 
ted 
 
Special Two-Part Seminar: Monday and Tuesday, May 20 and 21, 1996, 3:15-4:45= 
 PM 
                        Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, D= 
C 
 
 
                                                         Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Dr. Michael C. MacCracken, Director, Office of the US Global Change 
Research Program, Washington, DC 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Monday, May 20: The Satellite Temperature Record 
 
Dr. John R. Christy, Earth System Science Lab, University of Alabama, 
Huntsville, Alabama, on  "The Tropospheric Temperature Record from the 
Microwave Sounding Units" 
 
Dr. Kevin E. Trenberth, Climate Analysis Section, National Center for 
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, on "Relating the Satellite and 
Surface Temperature Records" 
 
Tuesday, May 21: The Surface Temperature Record 
 
Dr. Tom M. L. Wigley, Senior Climate Scientist, National Center for 
Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, on "Interpreting the Global 
Warming Record" 
 
Dr. Benjamin D. Santer, Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and 
Intercomparison, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, 
California, on "The Search for a "Fingerprint" of Human Activities in 
Observed Climate Records" 
 
OVERVIEW 
 
        Temperature is perhaps the most common measure of the climate of a 
region, whether it is the cold temperatures of winter in Minnesota or the 
hot temperatures of summer in Arizona. Temperature, along with 
precipitation, also controls many aspects of ecosystems, helping determine 
spring blooming and the extent of mosquitoes and other vectors for 
diseases. For these reasons and more, the longest records of climate in 
many areas are of temperature. Similarly for the globe, records of 
temperature are the most abundant, provide the longest quantitative record, 
and can be most readily compiled and compared. Analysis of the temperature 
record, on scales from regional to global, has thus been a critical part of 
studies of the patterns and extent of climatic change. 
 
        While temperature is the most complete record, the measurements and 
available data sets, nonetheless, have many shortcomings. For surface 
measurements, these include changes in measurement techniques, limits to 
the coverage of measurements, changes in the surroundings around a 
stations, and many more. Efforts are therefore being made to measure the 
Earth's temperature from space, but again there are many limitations, 
including, among others, the inability to measure surface temperature, the 
changing sequence of instruments, and the limited length of the record. 
 
        This seminar will provide the opportunity to look closely at the 
records of both satellites and surface stations, to consider their relative 
strengths and weaknesses, and to consider what these records show and do 
not show. 
 
The Satellite Temperature Record 
 
Since 1979, Microwave Sounding Units (MSUs) on NOAA polar orbiting 
satellites have measured the intensity of upwelling microwave radiation 
from atmospheric oxygen. The intensity is shown to be proportional to the 
temperature of broad vertical layers of the atmosphere, as demonstrated by 
theory and direct comparisons with atmospheric temperatures from radiosonde 
(balloon) profiles. A record that is now more than 17 years long has been 
created by merging data from nine different MSUs, each with peculiarities 
(e.g., time drift of the spacecraft relative to the local solar time) that 
must be calculated and removed because they can have substantial impacts on 
the resulting trend. 
 
A natural step with such a record is to look for trends over this period, 
even though it is quite short compared to the surface temperature record. 
Between 20=9AN-20=9AS, independent view-angle trends in channel 2 and 4 show= 
 a 
warming trend in the upper troposphere with cooling in the lower 
troposphere, implying a non-linear vertical temperature adjustment. The 
greatest differences between the satellite and surface records occur 
between 30=9AS-30=9AN and 52=9AN-82=9AN. An important aspect of deriving= 
 trends and 
looking for any human influence, especially over short periods, is 
accounting for what might be irregular and extraneous natural events. For 
the MSU record, these include the century's largest El Nino warming in the 
early 1980s and the century's largest volcanically induced cooling in the 
early 1990s.  The tilt in the trend caused by these two events suggests a 
cooling trend over the period of record. When the MSU records are adjusted 
for El Nino events and volcanoes so that the greenhouse/aerosol effect will 
likely be the dominant influence, the resulting temperature trend is 
positive, rising at a rate of +0.055 to 0.0110 =9AC per decade. 
 
Because the MSU observations are measuring the temperature of the 
atmosphere and not of the surface, an important question is how the two are 
related. While the traditional notion has been that they are closely 
coupled at all times and throughout the world, this has turned out not to 
be the case. Recent research is starting to provide explanations for the 
apparent differences and to explain when and where decoupling of the two 
temperatures occurs, and how this is likely to affect comparison of the two 
records. 
 
At the May 20 seminar, Dr. Christy will describe the MSU record and point 
out the different indications that it provides of climate change. Dr. 
Trenberth will describe how the satellite record compares to the surface 
temperature record and what this means with respect to conclusions that can 
be drawn. 
 
The Surface Temperature Record 
 
According to a recently released report from the World Meteorological 
Organization, the estimated global mean surface air temperature for 1995 
was the highest since reliable temperature records began in 1861. The 
previous warmest year was 1990, which was just before the Mt. Pinatubo 
volcanic eruption that has suppressed temperatures for the past several 
years. The warmth in 1995, unlike that for 1990, could not be attributed to 
an El Nino because the average Equatorial Pacific Ocean temperature 
anomalies were near the 1961-90 average for 1995. Instead, the warmth was 
evident over other regions, including the North Atlantic Ocean, where sea 
surface temperatures were more than 1=9A C warmer in an area centered around 
the Azores. In addition, parts of Siberia were more that 3=9A C warmer than 
the 1961-1990 period. However, as would be expected because of year-to-year 
variations, the warmth was not uniform; Greenland, the northwest Atlantic 
Ocean, and the mid-latitudes of the North Pacific Ocean were actually 
cooler than average in 1995. 
 
Temperature records for a representative fraction of the Earth go back to 
1861. The temperature record since that time suggests an overall warming of 
0.3 to 0.6 =9AC from the 1860s to the 1990s, with the early decades of this 
century being slightly cooler temperatures than in the mid-19th century and 
with a secondary maximum of temperatures (compared to the 1990s) in the 
decades around 1940. Proxy records derived from tree rings, ice cores, 
boreholes, and other indirect measures, combined with the thermometer 
record, suggest that the most recent decades are the warmest period since 
at least 1400 AD, and perhaps as far back as the last interglacial (period 
of warmth) about 80,000 years ago. The IPCC concluded that this combination 
of factors suggested that climate change is occurring. 
 
The fact that there have been natural fluctuations of the climate over the 
past millennium of about 0.5 =9AC (about a cooler mean temperature) 
introduces the possibility that the recent warming might be due to natural 
processes rather than to human activities. To try to distinguish the human 
influence, model simulations have been used to generate the patterns of 
climate change to be expected from changes in a range of different factors, 
both natural and human-induced. Analyses of these characteristic patterns 
(or "fingerprints") indicate that the patterns of climate change are much 
more likely to be due to human activities than to natural factors, leading 
the IPCC to conclude that "the balance of evidence suggests that there is a 
discernible human influence on global climate." 
 
At the May 21 seminar, Dr. Wigley will describe the records of surface 
temperatures and the climate trends that emerge, and compare these to the 
model projections of climate change since the 1861s.  Dr. Santer will then 
describe the recent studies to attribute the observed changes to specific 
causes of change, especially to human activities. 
 
BIOGRAPHIES 
 
Dr. John R. Christy is Associate Professor of Atmospheric Science at the 
University of Alabama in Huntsville, and has studied global climate issues 
since 1987. In 1989 Dr. Roy W. Spencer, a NASA/Marshall scientist, and Dr. 
Christy developed a global temperature data set from microwave data that 
had been recorded by the MSU instrument on NOAA satellites, beginning in 
1979. For this achievement, the Spencer-Christy team was awarded NASA's 
Medal for Exceptional Scientific Achievement in 1991. In 1995 Dr. Christy 
and Dr. Spencer received a Special Award from the American Meteorological 
Society "for developing a global, precise record of Earth's temperature 
from operational polar-orbiting satellites, fundamentally advancing our 
ability to monitor climate." 
 
        Dr. Christy obtained his B. A. degree from the CA State Univ., 
=46resno (Mathematics) in  1973, and later taught science as a missionary 
teacher in Nyeri, Kenya. After earning a seminary degree in 1978, he served 
four years as a bivocational mission-pastor in South Dakota where he also 
taught college math.  He subsequently received M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in 
Atmospheric Sciences from the University of Illinois (1984, 1987) under Dr. 
Kevin Trenberth. Dr. Christy has served as a contributing lead author on 
climate assessment reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 
(1992, 1994 and 1995), and has also published numerous scientific articles 
including studies appearing in Science, Nature, the Journal of Climate and 
the Journal of Geophysical Research. 
 
Dr. Kevin Trenberth was born in New Zealand, where he remains a citizen. He 
is Head of the Climate Analysis Section at the National Center for 
Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, CO. After completing a first class 
honors degree in mathematics at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, 
New Zealand, he obtained his Sc. D. in meteorology in 1972 from 
Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Following several years in the New 
Zealand Meteorological Service, he joined the Department of Atmospheric 
Sciences at the University of Illinois as an Associate Professor and became 
a full Professor in 1984, before moving to NCAR in 1984. He continued as an 
Adjunct Professor until 1989. From 1991 to 1995 he served as Deputy 
Division Director of the Climate and Global Dynamics Division at NCAR. 
 
        Dr. Trenberth has served as Editor of the Monthly Weather Review, 
Associate Editor for the Journal of Climate, and presently serves as editor 
of the new electronic scientific journal Earth Interactions. and is the 
author of many research papers.   He serves on the executive committee of 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Advisory Panel 
on Climate and Global Change, the National Academy of Sciences Global Ocean 
Atmosphere Land System (GOALS) panel, the Atmospheric Observation Panel for 
Climate of the Global Climate Observing System, and the International 
Scientific Steering Group for the CLIVAR (Climate Variability and 
Predictability) Program. Dr. Trenberth has been a prominent author in the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Scientific Assessment 
activities and is a lead author for Chapter 1 of the 1995 Scientific 
Assessment. He is a fellow of the American Meteorological Society, and was 
made an Honorary Fellow of the New Zealand Royal Society in 1995. 
 
Dr. Tom Wigley was born and educated in Australia. After his undergraduate 
degree he trained as a meteorologist and worked for a year as a research 
meteorologist before returning to university to complete a Ph.D. in 
Mathematical Physics. He then joined the faculty of the Mechanical 
Engineering Department at the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. In 
1975, he moved to the United Kingdom to the Climatic Research Unit of the 
University of East Anglia, becoming Director in 1978. In 1993, he left the 
Unit to join the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR) in 
Boulder, CO. In 1994, he received a Senior Scientist appointment with the 
National Center for Atmospheric Research. 
 
        Dr. Wigley has published widely on diverse aspects of the broad 
field of climatology; from data analysis, to climate impacts on agriculture 
and water resources, to climate, sea level and carbon cycle modeling, to 
paleoclimatology. Dr. Wigley has concentrated recently on facets of the 
greenhouse problem, and has contributed as a lead author to all of the IPCC 
assessments of the climate change issue. Dr. Wigley had a major role in the 
preparation of the 1995 IPCC Working Group I Second Assessment Report, and 
contributed important information to the reports of the other Working 
Groups. He was responsible for producing the future concentration profiles 
for achieving stabilization of CO-2 concentrations used in Working Groups I 
and III; he produced the global-mean projections for temperature and sea 
level change given in Working Group I; and he was a lead author for the 
Working Group I detection chapter. 
 
Dr. Benjamin D. Santer is a senior member of the Program for Climate Model 
Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) at the Lawrence Livermore National 
Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA. His research interests include detection 
of anthropogenic climate change and climate model validation. He received 
his B.Sc. in environmental sciences in 1977, graduating with first class 
honors, and his Ph.D. in climatology in 1987. Both were obtained at the 
University of East Anglia, Norwich, U.K.  Dr. Santer's doctoral work 
focused on the use of Monte Carlo methods (randomization) in the regional 
validation of climate General Circulation Models. 
 
        Dr. Santer then served as a postdoctoral research scientist (for 
two years), and later as a research scientist (for three years) at the 
Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI) in Hamburg, Germany, where he 
worked closely with Dr. Klaus Hasselmann on climate-change detection. He is 
the Convening Lead Author for Chapter 8 ("Detection of Climate Change, and 
Attribution of Causes") of the 1995 Second Assessment Report of the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Dr. Santer is also currently a 
member of the Science Advisory Group of NOAA's Climate Change, Data and 
Detection Program, and of the International CLIVAR (Climate Variability and 
Predictability) Numerical Experimentation Group on anthropogenic climate 
change. 
 
 
                                  NEXT SEMINAR: Monday, June 10, 1996 
 
      Forest Responses to the Changing Composition of the Atmosphere 
 
 
=46or more information please contact: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 16 11:07:43 1996 
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Date: Thu, 16 May 1996 10:55:53 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Revised NOAA FY97 South Florida Initiative 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960516105310.12060A-100000@coral> 
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Attached is a slight revision of NOAA's FY97 South Florida Initiative. 
The biggest changes are to Section 4., Restoring South Florida's Coral 
Reefs. 
 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= 
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D 
 
NOAA ESSENTIAL TO RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECOSYSTEM 
 
FY 1997 ($ 6 M) 
 
THE HEALTH OF FLORIDA BAY AND THE FLORIDA KEYS IS DIRECTLY LINKED TO THE 
HEALTH OF THE EVERGLADES.  Before 1900, freshwater flowed from the 
Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades and into Florida Bay and coastal 
waters, where it mixed with seawater and moved onto the Florida Keys coral 
reefs.  This created some of the world's most productive and diverse 
coastal habitats.  From the Everglades grasslands to Florida Bay seagrass 
beds and Florida Keys coral reefs, the areas are an ecosystem linked 
together by the flow of freshwater. 
 
WATER FLOW IN SOUTH FLORIDA HAS BEEN DRAMATICALLY CHANGED AND THE 
ECOSYSTEM IS DETERIORATING.  Over the past 50 years, canals, dikes and 
development for agriculture and a growing population changed the 
direction, quantity and quality of freshwater flow.  These changes 
threaten South Florida's productive inland and coastal habitats, and the 
economies and people who depend on them. 
 
Like the Everglades grasslands, South Florida's coastal habitats are in 
jeopardy.  Coastal waters have changed:  increased salinity, increased 
nutrient concentrations, increased pesticide concentrations, decreased 
clarity, and changes in water flow.  These changes are contributing to 
ecological deterioration including: 
 
 =09Dieoffs of seagrasses, 
 =09Declining fish and shrimp populations, 
 =09Increasing blooms of atypical phytoplankton and algae, 
=09Dieoffs of sponges, critical habitat for spiny lobsters (most 
=09=09valuable fishery in Florida), 
 =09Dieoffs of mangroves, and 
=09Deterioration of Florida Keys coral reefs, the third 
=09=09largest barrier reef in the world. 
 
Large areas of seagrasses in Florida Bay have been dying since the summer 
of 1987.  Seagrass habitats are essential nursery areas for many 
commercial and recreational fisheries species.  The loss of seagrasses has 
contributed to declines in seagrass-dependent species such as pink shrimp, 
with significant economic impacts on South Florida's commercial and 
recreational fisheries. 
 
NOAA IS ESSENTIAL TO THE RESTORATION EFFORT IN FY 1997.  The South Florida 
Ecosystem Restoration is an integrated effort among federal, tribal, state 
and non-governmental partners to halt continued degradation of the South 
Florida's ecosystem and restore the ecosystem's valuable functions and 
services from the Kissimmee Lakes through the Everglades, into Florida Bay 
and the Florida Keys. 
 
 
The restoration effort is depending on NOAA in FY 1997 for research, 
monitoring, assessments and coastal management.  NOAA's effort is (1) the 
only portion entirely devoted to restoring coastal components of the South 
Florida ecosystem, and (2) designed to evaluate the effects of "upstream" 
restoration actions on coastal resources. NOAA requires $ 6 million new 
funds in FY 1997 to fulfill these commitments necessary for successful 
restoration of land and coastal parts of the ecosystem. This is a 
practical, relatively small investment in comparison to the large amount 
of federal, state and local dollars that will be spent to restore 
"upstream" portions of South Florida's ecosystem. 
 
NOAA HAS IMPORTANT RESPONSIBILITIES IN SOUTH FLORIDA.  NOAA is responsible 
for management of coastal resources in South Florida including fisheries, 
protected species and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  NOAA's 
unique science, management, remote-sensing and on-site capabilities 
provide information on coastal, ocean and atmospheric conditions critical 
to the entire restoration effort. 
 
NOAA will contribute the information and tools essential to successful 
restoration of inland and coastal areas by focusing on four areas of 
critical need: 
 
1.ESTABLISH INTEGRATED COASTAL MONITORING IN FLORIDA BAY 
AND THE FLORIDA KEYS NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY 
=09(National Ocean Service $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal:Establish a long-term integrated ecosystem monitoring program and 
information base on Florida Bay and Florida Keys to enable managers and 
scientists to assess ecosystem conditions and the effectiveness of 
management actions. 
 
Description:  This initiative will develop and implement the first 
integrated ecosystem monitoring program for South Florida's coastal and 
marine areas.  The project is designed to inventory, integrate and build 
on the existing, uncoordinated coastal monitoring efforts.  Initial 
efforts with the State of Florida have already inventoried, placed in a 
geographically-referenced computer information system and made Internet 
accessible more than 250 existing coastal monitoring programs. 
 
2.RESTORE SOUTH FLORIDA'S LIVING MARINE RESOURCES 
=09(National Marine Fisheries Service $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal:Restore and sustainably manage South Florida's fisheries, sea 
turtles, marine mammals and their habitats and other coastal resources 
utilizing the best possible research, monitoring and management tools. 
 
Description:  Florida Bay seagrasses, delta, mangroves, keys and the coral 
reef communities are critical habitats for commercial and recreational 
fisheries, sea turtles, marine mammals, and other living marine resources. 
All of these habitats are showing signs of stress and experiencing 
dieoffs. While some of the stresses affecting these critical habitats are 
known (e.g., fishing, nutrient increases), others are not well understood. 
The ability to recover from these stresses, and the effects of current 
restoration efforts directed at the Everglades need to be determined. 
 
This initiative will provide research, management and education urgently 
needed to halt the loss and restore these habitats.  It will provide 
information to evaluate the effects of current restoration efforts, and 
provide sustainable solutions for the species that depend on coastal 
habitats.  Activities include: 
 
   Collect information on the effects of changes in South Florida on sea 
turtles and marine mammals to develop adequate multi-species management 
plans. 
 
   Use information from monitoring programs to assess the status, trends 
and management needs of fisheries and other living resources of the 
Florida Key's coral reef system. 
 
   Use information on resource status and trends in models to predict 
outcomes and implement restoration and management of critical fisheries 
habitats (e.g., reef areas and Florida Bay seagrasses). 
 
 
3.DETERMINE CAUSES OF DECLINES AND EFFECTS OF RESTORATION 
ON COASTAL RESOURCES 
=09(Coastal Ocean Program $ 1.7 M) 
 
Goal:Provide information and models to predict possible outcomes and best 
solutions for restoration efforts in South Florida.  The goal is to better 
predict how restoration will proceed and what actions will reverse the 
decline in coastal resources and allow sustainable use in the future. 
 
Description:  The initiative will support research and modeling by NOAA 
and its academic partners on the natural and human components of South 
Florida's ecosystem.  Much of this information and predictive capability 
is currently not available.  The information and predictions will be used 
to evaluate the effects of the restoration and human demands on the 
coastal communities, resources and economies that depend on them. 
 
Using social, economic and ecological information, models will be 
developed to predict ecosystem (including human) responses to various 
human impacts and natural changes including: 
 
   Characterize human and natural stresses and responses in Florida Bay 
and the Florida Keys. 
 
   Develop an ecosystem model to predict impacts and guide management of 
coastal resources and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 
 
4.RESTORING SOUTH FLORIDA'S CORAL REEFS 
=09(NOS, NMFS, COP $ 1.0 M) 
 
Goal:Portions of the Florida Key's coral reef system are deteriorating. 
Fishing, pollution and other human impacts have impacted portions of the 
reef, but many of the causes of reef degradation are unknown and there is 
little capacity to monitor reef status. This initiative will focus on 
restoring and sustainably using South Florida=92s fragile coral reefs. 
 
Description:  To adequately fulfill its restoration and management 
responsibilities for this special reef tract, NOAA must increase its 
efforts to monitor coral resources, manage human uses and determine the 
effectiveness of these efforts.  Using remote-sensing technology and 
volunteer assistants for on-site monitoring, this initiative will: 
 
   Build on existing, but limited coral reef monitoring efforts to 
complete the system required to provide long-term information on the 
health of the reef system. 
 
   Translate and provide this information to coastal managers. 
 
   Build public understanding, participation and local support for 
sustainable use of the coral reef tract. 
 
   Establish a cooperative training and research program to exchange 
information and build capacity for effective coral reef management at 
local levels. 
 
SOUTH FLORIDA'S ECONOMY DEPENDS ON HEALTHY COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS: Large 
portions of South Florida's economy are dependent on healthy coastal 
habitats like Florida Bay and the Florida Keys.  Deterioration of South 
Florida's coastal resources will significantly impact these industries, 
the people that depend on them, and the people who come to use them from 
all over the United States. 
 
Healthy coral reefs, a healthy Florida Bay and clean coastal waters are 
the foundation of a healthy economy.  More than 3 million tourists/year 
from all over the U.S. spent an estimated $1.3 billion in 1991.  Florida's 
coral reefs are the #1 diving destination in the world, attracting more 
than 1.2 million divers per year.  Divers bring over $ 220 millon/year 
into the economy.  The asset value of water related recreation in the Keys 
is estimated at $ 22 billion. 
 
Commercial fishing is an important part of South Florida's economy.  In 
good seasons, for example, pink shrimp catches produced over $ 120 
million/year.  Spiny lobster catches produced $ 24 million/year. 
Recreational fishing produces more than 23,500 jobs.  The economic value 
of Florida Bay fishing trips exceeds $ 9.0 million per year. 
 
BENEFITS OF INVESTING IN NOAA'S STRENGTHS:  NOAA brings a unique suite of 
science and management capabilities to the South Florida ecosystem 
restoration effort through its expertise in coastal and atmospheric 
research, predictive modeling and resource management.  Successful 
restoration and sustainable stewardship of South Florida's valuable 
coastal resources will not be possible without application of NOAA's full 
capabilities. 
 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 
 
David Jansen, Office of Legislative Affairs=09=09(202-482-4981) 
Matthew Stout, Office of Public and Constituent Affairs=09(202-482-6090) 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 17 12:50:38 1996 
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          id RAA25737; Fri, 17 May 1996 17:23:46 +0100 
Date: Fri, 17 May 1996 17:23:45 BST 
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@mailer.york.ac.uk> 
Subject: Urgently seeking nominations for ISRS council 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-ID: <ECS9605171745A@york.ac.uk> 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
        We URGENTLY need nominations for new council  
members for the International Society for Reef Studies. We are  
looking for energetic and enthusiastic people involved with reef  
science (and currently members of ISRS) to help with the  
development of the society and further the study of coral reefs. If you  
or any of your colleagues would like to stand for election please  
reply to Callum Roberts (cr10@york.ac.uk) or Sue Wells  
(sue.wells@wcmc.org.uk) by Tuesday 21st May!!! We apologise for  
the short notice but would greatly appreciate your efforts to identify  
willing people. Please include with your nominations a few lines  
about the nominee and make sure you have their agreement that they  
are prepared to stand for election. If everybody can think of one  
person (self nomination is welcome!) then we will have an excellent  
field of candidates. 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Callum Roberts 
Corresponding Secretary ISRS 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 17 19:58:10 1996 
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Date: Sat, 18 May 1996 07:49:49 +0800 (MYT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: DON BAKER <suniwan@po.jaring.my> 
Subject: Spawning Events / WorldWide 
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Dear Coral-List Members, 
 
I am compiling data on coral spawning events - as best as possible.  I need 
data worldwide rather than from, say, Florida, USA only. 
 
The purpose of my efforts is to try to simulate spawning parameters in a 
mariculture/raceway setting here in Sabah, Malaysia.  I have a selection of 
hard corals thriving in a 4000L open system raceway.  
 
Any data on spawning corals in a captive environment would also be of great 
assistance as well. 
 
I am also needing some good pubs on ID coral species - worldwide as well. 
Any leads & titles? 
 
Many thanks, 
Don Baker 
Sabah, Malaysia 
Suniwang Holdings 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu May 20 21:45:17 1996 
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Date: Mon, 20 May 1996 19:27:42 -0600 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: P.Blanchon@UAlberta.CA (Paul Blanchon) 
Subject: New review posted on the Reef Resource Page 
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Dear list members, 
 
I have recently posted a review of the history of reef geology on the Reef 
Resource Page (http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html). This is the 
first of many such 'review modules' that I hope to post over the next year 
or so. They are essentially draft documents that will provide the basis for 
an up-to-date and integrated review of the biology, ecology, and geology of 
modern reef systems. If these reviews are to serve any useful purpose, 
however, they will require the input of as many reef scientists as 
possible. So it is my hope that, by using the Web and all its multimedia 
capabilities, I can solicit your candid feedback, reviews and cooperation. 
All input will be aknowledged and all reviews will be posted (unless 
otherwise requested). 
 
The first 'review module' addresses the historical development of 
geological reef science -- an important topic where scientific consensus is 
attainable. It outlines the _major_ reef theories from Darwin to the 
present, providing succinct critiques of each. I would particularly like 
feedback on the conclusion that our ideas on reef configuration and 
architecture have essentially come full circle back to where they started 
i.e., reefs are fully capable of producing their own morphology with little 
help from foundations. 
 
Also, I would be very interested in hearing from those of you keen to 
review or with ideas on the history of biological and ecological reef 
science. Like the geological review, the objective is to outline the major 
theories, paradigms etc, provide succinct critiques of each, and end with a 
brief summary of where we are and perhaps were we should go. 
 
I sincerely hope that, by pooling our collective knowledge in these 
reviews, we can establish a framework that will enable us to address the 
interdisciplinary problems that reefs presently face. 
The rationale for such an approach is simple: lack of communication and 
cooperation among scientists who seek to understand the same natural 
phenomena can only lead to confusion, duplication, misinformation, and 
ultimately mismanagement. 
 
Paul Blanchon. 
 
        <><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><><> 
        Dr. Paul Blanchon || Research Fellow 
        Dept. Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 
        1-26 Earth Science Building, 
        University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. 
        Tel: (403) 492-4205 Fax: (403) 492-2030 
        E-mail: p.blanchon@ualberta.ca 
        Web: http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html 
        <<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<>><<> 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 21 09:33:32 1996 
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From: mschultz@ocean.ocean.fsu.edu 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
Does anyone have specific information of areas of high ground water seepage 
and/or submarine springs in and around Florida Bay?  Specific Lat/Long 
information would the most helpful. 
 
Also, we were trying to puzzle out some explaination for hypersaline ground 
water in the area.  Any help? 
 
Thanks in advance. 
 
Mike 
 
 
 
 
Mike Schultz 
Graduate Researcher 
Department of Oceanography 
Florida State University 
Tallahassee, FL 32306-3048 
mschultz@ocean.fsu.edu 
GO SEMINOLES!!! 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 23 04:14:59 1996 
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Date: Thu, 23 May 1996 17:37:44 +1000 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> 
Subject: The next generation of underwater survey devices. 
Cc: mikek@bio.usyd.edu.au (Mike Kingsford), 
        alark@bio.usyd.edu.au (Tony Larkum), 
        <u2139536@keystone.arch.unsw.edu.au> 
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The Coral Reef Research Institute is collaborating with an engineering 
student (Mr. Duncan Burns) on the design of the next generation of 
underwater survey devices.  The project wants input from coral reef 
biologists who are involved in underwater survey work for management or 
research.  The instrument envisioned is one in which data can be entered 
directly into a computer and in which other variables like temperature are 
recorded automatically. 
 
YOU CAN HELP IN THE DESIGN PHASE. Please visit the URL and answer the simple 
form-based questionnaire that is located at the URL: 
http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/LIBRARY/duncan3.html. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                     Ph:       (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences         Fax:      (02) 351-4119 
Building A08                                 Mobile:  014 811 935            
University of Sydney                     Country code Australia = 61 
2006 NSW Australia 
 
OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg/ohg.html 
Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html 
One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 23 22:22:06 1996 
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Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 09:48:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
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TO:Coral-List 
FROM:John McManus 
DATE: 24 May 1996 
 
I have just looked through the homepage of Ursula Keuper-Bennett, as she  
described on May 6.  This is a superb use of the Web to convey to the public  
what is happening to many reefs.  Perhaps other people with websites can  
help give some visibility to the site through cross-listing and recommended  
site listings.  I hope to see some more sites like this. 
 
Has anyone done any studies to explain the algal dominance in Honokowai? 
 
The website is:http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honolist.htm 
 
Sincerely, John McManus 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 24 07:07:50 1996 
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To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
Subject: Website Correction & Further Comments 
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Hello John, 
 
You wrote: 
 
>The website is:http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honolist.htm 
 
That will just give people error messages.  The ACTUAL address is: 
 
http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honohist.htm 
 
Honohist stands for Honokowai history. 
 
You wrote: 
 
>I have just looked through the homepage of Ursula Keuper-Bennett, as she  
>described on May 6.  This is a superb use of the Web to convey to the public  
>what is happening to many reefs. 
 
My husband and I really appreciate the kind words, thank you.  I have 
snorkelled/dived this Honokowai reef every summer since 1977 and he since 
1987. Then it experienced an permanent invasion of Hypnea musciformis 
punctuated by two devastating Cladophora algae blooms in '89 and 91. 
 
Our reef got trashed.  Since that time we have watched the resident sea 
turtles in the area sicken and "disappear" (we can't prove they die) from a 
disease called fibropapillomas.  There is a sewage treatment plant 
(injection well style) within an easy walk and an impressive amount of the 
red fertile West Maui mountainside (complete with fertilizers from 
pineapples) makes its way to the ocean bottom via run off.   
 
And we get to go back July 1st and dive the area again.  For the several of 
you wondering, yes, we have pondered what effect diving in such waters might 
have on us.... 
 
John you wrote: 
> 
>Has anyone done any studies to explain the algal dominance in Honokowai? 
 
Sure.  Some.  A nutrient run-off study conducted in the dry season comes to 
mind.  Another search for whether effluent from the injection wells made it 
to the ocean.  They found some traces but nothing to get excited about. 
Read a couple of other papers about the seaweed/algae characteristics and 
distribution. 
Most of the studies are what you scientists would refer to as "preliminary". 
 
I think the thing that stands out most from all the diving over the years is 
that one Cladophora bloom - just one - can do in a whole lot of corals. 
That was the message we wanted to send. 
 
I need to repeat again, the website is: 
 
http://www.io.org/-bunrab/honohist.htm 
 
Best regards 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     | |     /^V\        Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax     V\ 
        /V      soon 1 yr old      V\    http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri May 28 02:01:16 1996 
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From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
Subject: Halimeda 
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Dear all, 
 
Can someone guide me to relevant literature on the occurrence of fossil 
Halimeda in the Pacific region (and Atlantic?), as well as any studies that 
have been done assessing terrigenous sedimentation on Halimeda 
productivity? 
 
Cheers, Oliver 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 29 10:17:20 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Sibling species 
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I'm interested in the issue of newly discovered sibling species on the reef, 
as discussed in a January 1994 article in TREE, by Knowlton and Jackson. Can 
anyone suggest the quintessential example of this, i.e., what was long 
thought to be one reef species turns out to be many, many sibling species? 
Thanks, 
Osha 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 29 16:46:36 1996 
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Forwarded message: 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 24 May 1996 17:28:27 -0400 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: ****BLUSH***** 
 
To:  John McManus and other Coral'ers 
 
 
I can't believe this has happened!  I entered the address of my own website 
incorrectly by using a - instead of a ~  . 
 
Here it is one more time.  For information about the degradation of a reef 
on Maui  (Hawaii), the CORRECT address is: 
 
http://www.io.org/~bunrab/honohist.htm 
 
(I just swept the address with my mouse and tried it personally.  Sorry 
about that and thank you to Howie and Chris for letting me know my 
"correction" didn't work either!) 
 
Sorry for any inconvenience and confusion this error caused. 
 
 
Best regards 
 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     | |     /^V\        Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax     V\ 
        /V      soon 1 yr old      V\    http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat May 29 16:48:29 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: LIZARD ISLAND DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP 1997 
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Forwarded message: 
 
 
                     LIZARD ISLAND RESEARCH STATION 
                     Great Barrier Reef, Australia 
                  A facility of the Australian Museum 
 
 
                 LIZARD ISLAND DOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP 1997 
 
The  Australian  Museum,  in conjunction with  the  Lizard  Island  Reef 
Research  Foundation,  is offering a Fellowship  to  a  PhD  student  to 
support field work on the Great Barrier Reef based at the Lizard  Island 
Research  Station.   The  recipient will  carry  out  significant  field 
studies  in a scientific discipline relevant to coral reefs.  The  first 
annual  Fellowship was awarded in 1984, and applications are now invited 
for the 1997 Fellowship. 
 
The  Fellowship is intended primarily to pay bench fees  at  the  Lizard 
Island  Research Station for several months field work per year  over  a 
period of up to three years.  It may also be used for travel and freight 
expenses and to purchase research equipment, but it may not be used  for 
living  expenses or salary.  Support will be granted for field  work  at 
Lizard  Island  for a maximum of three years; however, applications  for 
funding for one or two years are acceptable.  The amount granted in  any 
year of the Fellowship will be a maximum of A$6,000.  The project should 
result in a significant contribution to coral reef science and the  data 
from Lizard Island should form an important part of that work. 
 
The  Lizard  Island  Research Station was established  in  1972  by  the 
Australian  Museum to support research into all aspects of the  biology, 
geology   and   hydrology  of  coral  reef  ecosystems.   Airconditioned 
laboratories,  boats,  diving equipment, running seawater  aquaria,  and 
accommodation  units  are  provided at the Station.   Lizard  Island  is 
situated  in  an  extraordinarily  diverse  marine  ecosystem  which  is 
carefully  managed as part of the Great Barrier Reef Marine  Park.   The 
large size (7 km2) and height (360 m) of Lizard Island and its adjoining 
smaller  islands  and  reefs provides a wide  variety  of  habitats  and 
ensures that field work can proceed in all but the most extreme weather. 
Lizard Island (14o40'S 145o28'E) is located near the middle of the 50 km 
wide  continental shelf: near-by habitats include turbid coastal  reefs, 
mid-shelf  platform  reefs, inter-reef soft-bottoms including  extensive 
Halimeda beds, sheltered lagoons and high-energy ribbon reefs facing the 
Coral  Sea.   Access  to Lizard Island is easy with  many  flights  into 
Cairns  from  international and domestic ports and  daily  flights  from 
Cairns to Lizard Island. 
 
 
                          CONDITIONS OF AWARD 
 
Each  year, the Fellow will be required to make an oral presentation  at 
the  Research Station on his/her research and produce a written progress 
report  including  revised  budget estimates  for  the  coming  year(s). 
Subsequent  funding  depends upon suitable progress.   The  Fellow  must 
lodge a bound copy of his/her thesis in the Station's library.  Any non- 
consumable  equipment  purchased  with  Fellowship  funds  becomes   the 
property of the Research Station when field work has been completed. 
 
 
         INFORMATION                       APPLICATIONS 
 
                                  Six copies of the application 
                                  should be sent to: 
        The Directors 
Lizard Island Research Station           Deputy Director 
            PMB 37                      Australian Museum 
      CAIRNS  QLD  4870                  6 College Street 
          AUSTRALIA                     SYDNEY  NSW  2000 
                                            AUSTRALIA 
Internet: 
  lizard@amss.Austmus.oz.au         Internet: alixB@ama.Austmus.oz.au 
Phone and fax: + 61 (0)70 60-3977 
                                     Phone: + 61 (0)2 320-6224 
                                     Fax: + 61 (0)2 320-6056 
 
 
                      CLOSING DATE 1 OCTOBER 1996 
 
Please see application format, selection criteria and information on costs, 
below. 
APPLICATION FORMAT 
 
RESEARCH PROPOSAL 
-  Name of applicant 
-  University and Department 
-  Name of supervisor(s) 
-  Project title 
-  Objectives (100 words) 
-  Significance (100 words) 
-Research  plan  (maximum  5  pages): outline  experimental  design  and 
 methodology;  show  sequence of tasks on a yearly  timescale;  indicate 
 work already completed.. 
-Financial  details  (maximum 2 pages): indicate  number  of  years  for 
 which  funding is sought; provide a detailed budget for  each  year  of 
 funding  for  the whole project (not just the Lizard Island component), 
 including  bench fees, travel and other costs (expenditure on equipment 
 exceeding   $200  must  be  detailed);  indicate  which  non-fellowship 
 funding  is  already  guaranteed and how remaining  funding  (including 
 that  for  living  expenses) will be obtained; justify  expenditure  in 
 terms of the research. 
 
CURRICULUM VITAE 
As well as the usual personal, educational and professional information, 
include:  a  summary  of  academic  record  and  achievements;  list  of 
publications;  date  of enrolment in PhD program, and;  the  name  of  a 
referee who may be contacted regarding the application. 
 
SUPPORTING LETTER 
A  letter  approving  the  project  from  the  head  of  the  university 
department  where the applicant will be enrolled must be  included  with 
the  application.   Overseas students must also include  a  letter  from 
their supervisor indicating the acceptability of overseas field work  to 
the  program at that particular university, and how closely involved the 
supervisor will be with the project. 
 
COSTS 
 
To  assist in preparing budgets, the following costs involved  in  field 
work  at  the Lizard Island Research Station in 1997 are provided.   All 
amounts are in Australian dollars. 
 
Diving: The Station's regulations require that all scuba dives are  done 
by  at  least two divers; a boat attendant is also required  under  some 
circumstances.  All projects requiring diving should allow for at  least 
one  dedicated assistant, for whom bench fees must be paid.  Contact the 
Research Station for further details. 
Bench  fees:   PhD  students are offered a highly subsidised  bench  fee 
which includes self-catering accommodation, most laboratory and aquarium 
facilities,  use  of  a  small boat, and scuba  tanks  and  weights  for 
qualified divers.  In 1997, the rate will be $29 per day for the student 
and  $25  per  day  for  each assistant.  For visits  of  more  than  28 
consecutive days, the bench fee is reduced by 10% for the entire visit. 
Food  and  freight:  Food must be ordered from Cairns  for  delivery  by 
barge  every  two weeks, or by air.  Food costs are not covered  by  the 
Fellowship.  Air freight from Cairns is expensive at about $3.00 per kg. 
Freight  carried  by the fortnightly barge is $9.00 per grocery  carton- 
sized container.  Freight expenses may be paid from Fellowship funds. 
Travel:  Return airfare between Cairns and Lizard Island is $380.  There 
is no scheduled surface transport. 
 
 
SELECTION CRITERIA 
 
Selection will be based on the following criteria: 
1)  acceptance of the applicant into a PhD program to undertake research 
on a topic related to coral reefs; 
2)  evidence that the applicant has stipend from a scholarship or  other 
source for the duration of the Fellowship; 
3)  significance, quality and innovation of the proposed research  which 
must be on an aspect of coral reefs; 
4) feasibility of the proposed research within the limitations of budget 
and safety regulations; 
5) significant and efficient usage of the Lizard Island Research Station 
during each year of funding; 
6)  evidence  that sufficient funding will be available to complete  the 
project  as planned, or presentation of a contingency plan for  amending 
the project if additional funding does not become available; 
7)  evidence  of  the applicant having relevant research  and  fieldwork 
experience; 
8) the applicant's academic and research record. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 30 04:18:22 1996 
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	id <31AD73C0@AKI.KU.DK>; Thu, 30 May 96 10:09:04 DST 
From: "Bruce, Niel L.          {ZMUC}" <nlbruce@ZMUC.KU.DK> 
To: "'coral-l'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: RE: Sibling species 
Date: Thu, 30 May 96 10:05:00 DST 
Message-ID: <31AD73C0@AKI.KU.DK> 
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Osha queried " newly discovered sibling species on the reef". 
 
     I am not sure what organisms were being referred to, but in the smaller  
crustaceans there are several such complexes, the most spectacular that I  
know of being a group of small isopods found on coral reefs around the  
world, that went from one "pantropical cosmopolite" (Cirolana parva) to  
currently about 20 species, with a similar number yet to be described. If  
you want to know more, get in touch with me. 
 
 
Niel L. Bruce 
Curator of Crustacea 
Zoologisk Museum, Universitetsparken 15, 
Copenhagen O, DK 2100 
DENMARK 
Ph:  +45 35 32 10 00; +45 35 32 10 21 (direct); FAX: +45 35 32 10 10. 
e-mail: <nlbruce@zmuc.ku.dk>; home page:  
<http://www.aki.ku.dk/zmuc/inv/staff/nlb.htm> 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 30 10:40:01 1996 
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 Thu, 30 May 1996 09:50:17 -0500 (EST) 
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 09:52:00 +0100 
From: Dave <Meyer@129.137.35.249> 
Subject: sibling species 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <Meyer.1183833960B@ucbeh.san.uc.edu> 
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<Osha Gray Davidson asked about cases of sibling species on reefs... 
 
    Although I regard the quintessential example of sibling spp on coral 
reefs to be the case of Montastrea "annularis" reported by Knowlton, I 
believe there are examples among the reef-dwelling comatulid crinoids with 
which I am familiar. For example, taxonomic revisions carried out by Rowe et 
al. in 1986 (Zool. J. Linn. Soc., vol. 86:197-277) resulted in the common 
Western Pacific comatulid Comanthus parvicirrus being split so that four new 
species (at least) were separated out of C. parvicirrus, in addition to that 
sp remaining valid.  Previously these had been lumped under this taxon which 
was considered highly variable in some characters.  The new characters 
employed by Rowe et al. enable much of this variation to be understood as 
previously "hidden" species.  They remain very similar so that it takes a 
skilled specialist to distinguish them, but the differences are there. There 
are two other cases among reef comatulids that are waiting to be published, 
one from the Pacific and another from the Caribbean in which there is very 
close morphological similarity between what I strongly suspect are distinct 
taxa.  The more I learn of how widespread these cases are, the more I 
realize how much I need to get to work to settle these crinoid problems!  
For those of us who worry about species recognition in the fossil record, 
these cases are mighty sobering!!  With best wishes, Dave Meyer 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 30 15:21:59 1996 
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From: mcall@superaje.com 
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	id AA07500; Thu, 30 May 96 14:55:10 EDT 
Date: Thu, 30 May 96 14:55:10 EDT 
Message-Id: <9605301855.AA07500@superaje.com> 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
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Subject: Papers on sustainable harvesting of corals and coral reef aquarium 
	fishes 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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My colleague Gary Spiller, who lacks e-mail access, wanted to know if there were  
any papers on sustainable harvesting of corals and coral reef aquarium fishes,  
or ones with baseline data before the fishery started and after. 
 
He can be reached at: 
Gary Spiller 
P.O. Box 3268 
Apia, WESTERN SAMOA 
 
If it is easier, please just forward replies to me and I will pass them on. 
 
Thank you. 
 
don 
 
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html 
E-mail: mcall@superaje.com   (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) 
Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 
 
 
 
 
<----  End Forwarded Message  ----> 
 
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html 
E-mail: mcall@superaje.com   (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) 
Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 30 20:32:39 1996 
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From: Laurie.Ferns@forestry.tas.gov.au 
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  (IMA Internet Exchange 2.01 Enterprise) id 1AE21070; Fri, 31 May 96 09:28:23 +1100 
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Date: Fri, 31 May 1996 09:27:52 +1100 
Message-ID: <1AE21070.1521@forestry.tas.gov.au> 
Subject: Re: Sibling Coral Species 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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     I am aware of a PHD researcher at James Cook University (Australia)  
     who was/is studying the 'species status' of Platygyra sinensis.  
      
     From what I can gather from coffee table conversation is that P.  
     sinensis may be complex consisting of five separate species. This work  
     has apparently involved genetic studies. 
      
     My advice is to contact the University through Dr John Collins at the  
     following email: john.collins@jcu.edu.au  
     Dr Collins should be able to give you a contact. 
      
     Regards 
      
        Laurie Ferns 
        Conservation Officer 
        Geographic Information Systems Unit 
        Forestry Tasmania 
 
        199 Macquarie Street, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia 
        Telephone (002) 338197     Fax (002) 338252 
                Email l.ferns@forestry.tas.gov.au 
        
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun May 30 22:11:38 1996 
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Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 20:23:15 -0500 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Summer classes 
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I'm considering taking Eugene Kaplan's summer course (10 days) in tropical 
marine biology in Jamaica. In case the dates don't work out for that, can 
someone suggest a similar intensive program for a basic grounding in this 
area (reefs, et. al.)? Thank you. 
Osha Gray Davidson 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon May 31 22:56:01 1996 
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Date: Fri, 31 May 1996 22:57:54 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: scleractinian coral tissue 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960531225726.1015A-100000@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 31 May 96 12:11:18 CDT 
From: Tonya <TSNELL@LSUVM.SNCC.LSU.EDU> 
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov 
 
I was wondering if anyone knew of a protocol to isolate intact zooxanthellae 
from scleractinian coral tissue.  I have only found partial or very general 
protocols. 
 
Thanks in advance. 
 
Tonya Snell 
 
tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
Louisiana State University 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun  2 07:10:05 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Ocean and Marine Dictionary 
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Anyone know where I can obtain a copy of "Ocean and Marine Dictionary" by 
David Tver? Seems to be out-of-print. 
Thanks 
Osha 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun  2 09:59:24 1996 
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Date: Sun, 2 Jun 1996 10:46:22 -0300 
From: Mabel Augustowski <mabel@usp.br> 
Message-Id: <199606021346.KAA127013@spider.usp.br> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
Subject: Re:  Ocean and Marine Dictionary 
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Hi, Osha 
I would like to have a copy of this Dictionary, too. Please forward 
the answers you get to me. 
Thanks 
Mabel. 
 
Mabel Augustowski 
 
Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta 
Caixa Postal 204 - CEP 11680-000 
Ubatuba, SP - Brasil 
e-mail: mabel  usp.br 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun  3 09:30:51 1996 
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	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id KAA04984; Thu, 30 May 1996 10:33:48 -0400 
Date: Thu, 30 May 1996 10:33:47 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Greetings! 
 
	The Coral Health and Monitoring Program's Home Page at 
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov has recently added about 40 new literature 
citations to its Abstracts section.  It is difficult to do, but we have 
tried to only list references which are directly related to health or 
monitoring. 
 
	Also, we have added the following links to the ICRI Page: 
 
	1) Report to the United Nations Commission on Sustainable 
Development 
 
	2) State of the Reefs Report 
 
These reports were released on May 22, 1996 and are very informative. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratory   | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  4 03:00:09 1996 
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Date: Tue, 4 Jun 1996 08:52:32 +0200 
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From: peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr (Mireille Peyrot) 
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Subject: Panama bioerosion worshop 
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Proposed format for the Workshop on Bioerosion being held during the 8th 
International Coral Reef Symposium 
 
1. Initial Welcome by the organisers, Drs Pat Hutchings and Mireille 
Peyrot-Clausade, and a brief explanation of the structure of the Workshop. 
Duration of Workshop- half day. 
 
2. All participants will then introduce themselves, and give a brief 
summary (max time 3 mins) of their current research studies on bioerosion, 
using an overhead with the following main points covered- (this is designed 
to save time and help the non native English speakers- it will also help in 
compiling a summary document on the board if everybody also bought a xerox 
of this overhead for the organisers). 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  4 04:42:35 1996 
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Date: Tue, 4 Jun 1996 10:36:24 +0200 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr (Mireille Peyrot) 
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Subject:  Panama Workshop bioerosion 2 
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        Bill Kiene wrote me only the two first message had been cut so I 
send it again , I hope it"ll arri 
ve well 
 
Proposed format for the Workshop on Bioerosion being held during the 8th 
International Coral Reef Symposium 
 
1. Initial Welcome by the organisers, Drs Pat Hutchings and Mireille 
Peyrot-Clausade, and a brief explanation of the structure of the Workshop. 
Duration of Workshop- half day. 
 
2. All participants will then introduce themselves, and give a brief 
summary (max time 3 mins) of their current research studies on bioerosion, 
using an overhead with the following main points covered- (this is designed 
to save time and help the non native English speakers- it will also help in 
compiling a summary document on the board if everybody also bought a xerox 
of this overhead for the organisers). 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  4 05:02:05 1996 
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Date: Tue, 4 Jun 1996 10:54:20 +0200 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr (Mireille Peyrot) 
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As it seems it is not possible to send you the complete information by this 
way , I send it as attachments  
Amities a tous  
Mireille 
 
(This file must be converted with BinHex 4.0) 
 
:#P""6N&035j03eF!9d4#6Ne69d3"!!!!%J!!!!!!44[q0`!M!!!!!!!!!!!!'3! 
!!!!!!!!!!3!!!!ZR!!!4q!!!!!!!!!UR!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
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!!!!353!!!!!353!+!!!38`!+!!!3A3!!!!!3A3!Z!!!3L`"i!!!353!!!!!4!`! 
J!!!4)`!@!!!46`!U!!!4H3!!!!!3'`!!!!%!!3!!%88!!J!!%6N!$!!!%8F!"!! 
!%8X!"!!!%AN!I`!!%8m!!!!!%8m!!!!!%8m!!!!!%8m!!!!!%8m!!!!!%8m!!!! 
!8(*[F'pcC@3JCQpbE@&d)'C[FL"dD'8J9fpbDh0SEh!JEfiJ3QP[CA*[FfP[EL" 
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!!!!"!!%"!3!#!!%R$`!"!!%!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!J!C!C!!!!!!!!"!!!!!!!! 
!!!!!!3!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!""Y#jS"D!(#!@J"`J!!!,38J!!!3!"!!&!!!! 
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6H@e`Eh0TG@d!$9"KG#")GA4MD'PZCh-!!!!!!!!!!!!!##8!!!: 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  4 07:06:32 1996 
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From: SHASHAR@umbc2.umbc.edu 
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 id <01I5I2YDJSHC0046DN@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU>; Tue, 04 Jun 1996 06:59:43 -0500 (EST) 
Date: Tue, 04 Jun 1996 06:59:42 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Al Gore at Panama? 
In-reply-to: <199606040838.EAA04895@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Does anybody know if the UV vice president, Al Gore, is expected to speak  
at the coral reef symp.at panama? 
 
Thanks 
Nadav Shashar 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun  4 19:33:45 1996 
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          id AA09638; Tue, 4 Jun 1996 20:09:36 -0300 
Date: Tue, 4 Jun 1996 20:09:36 -0300 (GRNLNDST) 
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br> 
To: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: your mail 
In-Reply-To: <960531.121414.CDT.TSNELL@LSUVM.SNCC.LSU.EDU> 
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I am interested, too. 
 
******************************************************************* 
**                    Prof.Francisco Kelmo                       ** 
**        Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biologia      ** 
**         Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina      ** 
**         Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL      ** 
**                      cep. 40170-290                           **  
**         fax:+55 071 2456909  Ph: +55 071 2473810/2473744      ** 
**                   e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br                        ** 
******************************************************************** 
 
On Fri, 31 May 1996, Tonya wrote: 
 
> I was wondering if anyone knew of a protocol to isolate intact zooxanthellae 
> from scleractinian coral tissue.  I have only found partial or very general 
> protocols. 
>  
> Thanks in advance. 
>  
> Tonya Snell 
>  
> tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
> Louisiana State University 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun  5 09:02:08 1996 
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Date: Wed, 5 Jun 1996 09:04:40 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: zooxanthellae 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 31 May 96 12:11:18 CDT 
From: Tonya <TSNELL@LSUVM.SNCC.LSU.EDU> 
To: coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov 
 
I was wondering if anyone knew of a protocol to isolate intact zooxanthellae 
from scleractinian coral tissue.  I have only found partial or very general 
protocols. 
 
Thanks in advance. 
 
Tonya Snell 
 
tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu 
Louisiana State University 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun  5 13:43:24 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: collette caroline <s911023@segi.ulg.ac.be> 
Subject: Coral Reef Research and Conservation (From  
 =?iso-8859-1?Q?Jean=2DS=E9bastien_?= Houziaux (aquarium)) 
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--=====================_834027380==_ 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1" 
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable 
 
 
Subject: Coral Reef Research. 
 
To who it may concern, 
 
I found the announce for the International Year of the Reef in the UICN's 
"Shark News", which a French researcher sent me since I am particularly 
interested in shark ecology and conservation. I made graduate studies in 
Zoology and post-graduate (Master, 2 years) in Oceanology at University of 
Li=E8ge (Belgium). 
I started a major work on a small European species, the Lesser Spotted 
Dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, which has become the most important Selachian 
in the French Fisheries since the recent decay of the Spiny dogfish, Squalus 
Acanthias. I wanted to continue my first work on the annual cycle of 
reproduction of this species by a behavioural approach, with a further look 
on the fishery problem with the framework of 'IFREMER' (France). 
Unfortunately, I was the only Belgian researcher to start a work in the 
field of Selachians, and I therefore couldn't get any funding for this Ph.D. 
project. Our laboratory had to give it up. 
I am searching for a new project, and this is very hard in Belgium in the 
field of Marine Ecology. I want to leave Belgium and search in a foreign 
country. Therefore, I have applied to the 'BAEF' (Belgian American 
Educational Foundation) in order to get a grant for starting a Ph.D. in the 
USA. My candidature is accepted on the basis of my academic results. I am 
now seeking for a project to submit within an American institution. I 
currently have no idea on how to get other funding for such research in 
another country. 
I would like to know if there may be a chance for starting a PhD project 
dealing with the ecology and conservation of coral reefs, since such a work 
is actually of a prime interest to me. I am specialized in Fish Ecology and 
Behaviour, with personal interest to sharks and rays, but my studies gave me 
a broad approach of general Marine Ecology. I don't know whether it might be 
useful to do so on this server, but I attach to this message a copy of my 
C.V., hoping somebody to be interested in it. 
 
I thank you for your time and look forward to hearing from you. 
 
Sincerely. 
 
 
Jean-S=E9bastien Houziaux (University of Liege: Graduate in Zoology, Master= 
 in 
Oceanology). 
 
N.B. This E-mail was sent from another location than the address given in 
the C.V. (aquarium@vm1.ulg.ac.be). Both can be used. 
 
--=====================_834027380==_ 
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--=====================_834027380==_ 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" 
 
 
--=====================_834027380==_-- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  6 01:14:41 1996 
Received: from reef.aoml.noaa.gov (reef [192.111.123.16]) by aoml.noaa.gov (8.7.3/8.7.3) with SMTP id BAA06567; 
Thu, 6 Jun 1996 01:14:31 -0400 (EDT) 
Received: by reef.aoml.noaa.gov (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) 
	for coral-list-outgoing id FAA07668; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 05:00:26 GMT 
Received: from tualang.unimas.my by reef.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) 
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id BAA07663; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 01:00:21 -0400 
Message-Id: <199606060500.BAA07663@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Received: from falco ([161.142.87.130]) by tualang.unimas.my with SMTP 
	(1.37.109.10G/16.2) id AA198157709; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 13:08:29 +0800 
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 1996 13:08:29 +0800 
X-Sender: soakley@tualang.unimas.my 
X-Mailer: Windows Eudora Light Version 1.5.2 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii" 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Dr. Steve Oakley" <soakley@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: Coral Reef Research in Malaysia 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
        Attn Coral reef or Marine ecosytem researchers 
 
        We have funding for 5 one month expeditions during the next 3 years 
to remote unstudied tropical marine ecosystems off the island of Borneo. 
These include soft bottoms, coral reefs & mangrove swamps.   We should be 
able to provide the resources for most suitable research topics in taxonomy, 
ecology, biology, behaviour, resources etc.   If you can provide funds for 
yourself  (flights & food mostly),  we would be interested in hearing from you. 
 
  Attn JAPANESE MARINE BIOLOGISTS ONLY     
 
We have full funding for Japanese scientists to take part in the 
expeditions.   If you are interested and have any suitable research proposal 
we will forward to the Japanese evaluation committee.   
Dr Steve Oakley soakley@tualang.unimas.my 
Institute of Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation 
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, KotaSamarahan 94300 
Fax 082 672275  Tel 082 671000 x 260  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  6 04:40:13 1996 
Received: from reef.aoml.noaa.gov (reef [192.111.123.16]) by aoml.noaa.gov (8.7.3/8.7.3) with SMTP id EAA07636; 
Thu, 6 Jun 1996 04:40:04 -0400 (EDT) 
Received: by reef.aoml.noaa.gov (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) 
	for coral-list-outgoing id IAA07817; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 08:29:04 GMT 
Received: from nangka.usc.edu.ph by reef.aoml.noaa.gov via ESMTP (940816.SGI.8.6.9/930416.SGI) 
	for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> id EAA07811; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 04:28:48 -0400 
Received: from mangga.usc.edu.ph (mangga.usc.edu.ph [165.220.28.252]) by nangka.usc.edu.ph (8.6.12/8.6.9) with 
ESMTP id QAA09071 for <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>; Thu, 6 Jun 1996 16:32:11 +0800 
Received: from MANGGA/SpoolDir by mangga.usc.edu.ph (Mercury 1.21); 
    6 Jun 96 16:16:58 +800 
Received: from SpoolDir by MANGGA (Mercury 1.21); 6 Jun 96 16:16:00 +800 
From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 1996 16:15:48 +0000 
Subject: Re: Proceedings Philippine Marine Science 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.30) 
Message-ID: <286306A051A@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
Dear All, 
 
I am posting an announcement for the Proceedings of the Third 
National Symposium in Philippine Marine Science, ed. by Filipina 
Sotto, Jason Young, and Fr. Joseph Baumgartner, SVD.  We have only a 
few limited copies left.  This book contains 20 original articles and 
67 abstracts from the symposium held in Iloilo, Panay Island, on May 
3-4, 1994.  The articles are peer-reviewed by international 
scientists. 
 
Cost is only US$ 40.00 including air mail.  This book is important 
since it provides information from a region that is relatively 
unknown, though containing one of the highest biodiversity in the 
world.   Topics include aquaculture, coastal resource management, 
molecular biology, biochemistry, biotechnology, ecology, oceanography 
and pollution. 
 
All proceeds go directly to the Philippine Association of Marine  
Science.  Thank you very much for your time and support. 
 
 
Jason Young 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  6 11:20:43 1996 
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To: CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List), 
        CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List), een@esa.mhs.compuserve.com (EEN) 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: June 10th USGCRP Seminar Flyer on Forests - Final 
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                U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
         FOREST RESPONSES TO CHANGES IN ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION AND CLIMATE 
 
     What is the response of forests to increasing concentrations of carbon 
   dioxide and other gases?  What impact has climate change had on forests? 
   What are the combined effects of these influences on soil fertility, forest 
   productivity, and forest ecosystems?  Do forests in different regions 
  exhibit different responses to these influences?  What  is the outlook for 
                             forests 25 to 50 years from now, and beyond? 
 
                                                      Public Invited 
 
                                   Monday June 10, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                   Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC 
                                                   Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Dr. Jerry Sesco, Deputy Chief of Forest Service for Research, U.S. 
Department of Agriculture (USDA), Washington, DC 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Richard Birdsey, Program Manager, Northern Global Change Program, USDA 
Forest Service, Radnor, PA 
 
Dr. J. G. Isebrands, Project Leader, North Central Forest Experiment 
Station, USDA Forest Service, Rhinelander, WI. 
 
Background 
 
        Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important of the greenhouse gases 
that are influenced directly by human activities. The rising atmospheric 
concentration of carbon dioxide is predicted to enhance photosynthesis of 
some plants and to warm the climate. The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is 
determined by the emissions from combustion of fossil fuels and by CO2 
uptake and release by the Earth's oceans, vegetation, and soils.  Carbon 
dioxide is taken up by land plants, which annually consume about twelve 
times the world's fossil fuel emissions.  The biosphere also gives off about 
the same amout of CO2 through respiration and plant decay.  This makes 
land plants a critical part of the global carbon cycle. 
 
Global observations clearly indicate atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are 
increasing. However, the rate of increase in atmospheric CO2 is not as high 
as expected based on the increase in fossil fuel emissions.  This "missing" 
carbon is being taken up by either the oceans or the terrestrial biosphere 
(plants and soils), or both.  Understanding these carbon transfers is 
critical to predicting the importance of global climate change and its 
consequences.  Recent studies have pointed to  carbon accumulation in 
temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere as a likely explanation for 
the imbalance in the global carbon budget. It is thought that several 
factors may be accounting for the increase in the carbon uptake by the 
terrestrial biosphere - the regrowth of forests in regions where farming is 
being reduced, increased plant growth due to the increase in the CO2 
concentration of the atmosphere, and increased forest productivity as a 
result of nitrogen deposition. 
 
                                 Atmospheric Changes and Forest Responses 
 
        Trees and ecosystems are affected by an array of environmental 
factors that vary in space and time, and so a particularly important area 
of research has been the simultaneous effects of multiple factors on 
forests. While simple experiments may show the effects of a single factor, 
it is the timing and intensity of interactions between multiple factors 
that determine how a tree responds to environmental change. There are also 
genetic factors that determine the sensitivity of individual trees to 
stress, and their adaptability to a new environment. 
 
It is generally accepted that scientists need to study more natural systems 
because of significant difficulties with exposure chamber techniques.  Under 
the auspices of the U.S. Global Chnage Research Program, a multi-agency 
terrestrial ecology program, augmented by funding from private sources, a 
new chamberless experimental facility is under development at a U.S. Forest 
Service site in Rhinelander, Wisconsin.  This will be the largest "free air CO2 
enrichment" (FACE) experimental facility in the U.S., consisting of 12 exposure 
rings, several different tree species, and the capability to simulate exposures 
to CO2 and ozone, singly and in combination. 
 
In multi-factor, multi-year experiments using exposure chambers, different 
tree species have shown very different responses to elevated ozone levels, 
alone and in combination with elevated CO2 levels. For example, aspen is 
highly sensitive to ozone and there are strong genotypic differences. Ozone 
reduces biomass production and root growth in aspen, and an increase in the 
CO2 concentration does not compensate for the reduction. This negative 
interaction between CO2 and ozone decreases aspen photosynthesis rates more 
than ozone stress alone. In contrast, white pine and yellow poplar show no 
significant detectable adverse effects of exposure to ozone, and growth has 
been stimulated with the simultaneous addition of CO2. 
 
                                       Models of Forest Behavior and Response 
 
        Integrated models of physical, biological, and social systems are 
being used to address the effects of different scenarios of climate change 
on forest productivity, carbon storage, and the timber economy.  Initial 
projections from these models suggest that increases in productivity are 
likely for northern forest types, while southern forest types may show 
small increases or decreases in productivity.  In one extreme scenario for 
the southeastern U.S., much of the dense pine forest would be replaced by a 
pine savanna of low productivity.  Forests in the western U.S. may be 
highly sensitive to small climate changes because they often grow at or 
near the limits of climate tolerated by tree species. 
 
When the ecosystem models are linked with economic models, results show 
that projected increases in productivity may not lead to increases in 
harvest at the national scale because the market responds to many different 
factors besides timber growth.  The models project some redistribution of 
harvest among regions, which would in turn lead to some changes in fiber 
types and the ownership of lands from which wood is harvested.  Harvested 
timber will add to a growing pool of carbon in wood products.  Byproducts 
from timber production, which are burned for energy, reduce the combustion 
of fossil fuels that adds long-stored carbon back into the atmosphere. 
 
Retrospective applications of the models have explored uptake and release 
of carbon by forests and forest products.  Results suggest that U.S. 
forests are currently a net sink for carbon. Increases in biomass on U.S. 
forest lands over the last 40 years are estimated to have added 281 million 
metric tons per year of stored carbon, enough to offset 25 percent of U.S. 
emissions for the period.  Most of this additional carbon is found in 
regrowing forests on abandoned agricultural land in the eastern U.S. These 
estimates indeed suggest that some of the "missing" carbon can be accounted 
for by storage in northern temperate forests. 
 
        The integrated models are currently undergoing extensive revisions 
in preparation for another round of projections based on updated forest 
inventory data, new climate projections, and developments in modeling 
techniques. An international model intercomparison study known as VEMAP 
(Vegetation Ecosystem Model Analysis Project) has compared the results of 3 
biogeochemistry models for simulating the response of 21 different U.S. 
vegetation types to climate change scenarios. This exercise has helped the 
model developers understand the strengths and weaknesses in representing 
key ecosystems processes, and will facilitate analytical review of 
uncertainty in projections of vegetation change. 
 
                                Forest Management to Offset CO2 Emissions 
 
Opportunities to increase carbon storage above the expected baseline have 
been identified and are beginning to influence landowner decisions. 
Studies have shown that CO2 emissions can be effectively offset by 
sequestering additional carbon at various steps in the life cycle of wood 
growth, harvest, use, and disposal. Typical practices to offset carbon 
emissions include (1) tree planting on marginal agricultural land, (2) 
increasing timber growth on forests now used for timber production, (3) 
increasing the use of wood in place of fossil fuels, and (4) improving wood 
utilization. 
 
Several U.S. agencies, in partnership with American Forests, a nonprofit 
organization that represents many land owners, have been quantifying how 
various management practices used in different regions and forest types may 
impact carbon storage over long periods of time. This information has been 
used by utility companies to design carbon offset projects to compensate 
for CO2 emissions that are a byproduct of energy generation from fossil 
fuels. Other landowners have begun to use estimates of carbon storage under 
different forest conditions to quantify accomplishments under the 
Department of Energy's "Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Reductions" 
Program. 
 
 
                                                                Biographies 
 
Dr. Richard Birdsey is Program Manager of the Northern Global Change 
Research Program within the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, 
Northeastern Forest Experiment Station. He is a specialist in quantitative 
methods for large-scale forest inventories and has pioneered the 
development of methods to estimate national carbon budgets for forest lands 
from forest inventory data. He spent 10 years as team leader for forest 
inventory research in the Midsouth States. He was a principal contributor 
to several regional and national assessments of future timber supply in the 
South and the Nation. He designed the first comprehensive inventories of 
forest resources in Puerto Rico and St. Vincent, West Indies.  He is a 
contributor to the ongoing inventory of U.S. greenhouse gases and sinks 
compiled by USDA, EPA, and DOE. He also cooperates with the Sukachev 
Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences in a project to estimate the 
Russian carbon budget. He was a major contributor to the most recent 
assessment of climate change impacts on America's forests conducted as part 
of the decadal Resources Planning Act Assessment. In his current role as 
Program Manager, Dr. Birdsey is coordinating a national effort to link 
biological and economic models with atmospheric models to assess the 
impacts of global change on U.S. forests, and to analyze mitigation and 
adaptation strategies. He manages a large basic research program involving 
a dozen U.S. Forest Service Laboratories and Experimental Forests in the 
Northeast and North Central States, with research emphases on basic plant 
processes, ecosystem nutrient cycling, and measurement and modeling 
techniques. Dr. Birdsey has degrees in quantitative methods and world 
forestry from the State University of New York, College of Environmental 
Science and Forestry. 
 
Dr. J. G. Isebrands is Project Leader of a research project in the USDA 
Forest Service (FS), North Central Forest Experiment Station entitled 
"Physiological mechanisms of growth and multiple stress responses in 
northern forests" located in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. His research expertise 
is tree physiology with emphasis on carbon allocation, tree canopy 
architecture and physiological growth process modeling. He is currently the 
FS representative to the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core 
Project (GCTE) of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program (IGBP) as 
well as the FS representative to the FAO-sponsored International Poplar 
Commission. He was involved in the formation of the current FS Global 
Change Program and is currently on the technical advisory committee of the 
FS Northern Global Change Program. He has received an award from this group 
for fostering cooperative research. For 8 years he was the chairman of the 
International Union Forest Research Organization (IUFRO) Working Group on 
"Forest tree canopies" and has been the cochairman of the international 
meetings for that group in Italy, New Zealand, and the U.S. He currently 
holds adjunct research professorships at four universities including 
University of Minnesota, Michigan Tech University, University of 
Washington, and Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. He holds 
graduate degrees in forestry and forest science from Iowa State University, 
Ames, IA and is the author and/or co-author of over 100 scientific 
publications. 
 
 
                     PLANNED TOPIC FOR NEXT SEMINAR on Monday, July 15, 1996 
 
                                  A Look at Climate Feedbacks and Controls 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  6 12:53:03 1996 
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Date: Thu, 6 Jun 1996 17:22:57 BST 
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@mailer.york.ac.uk> 
Subject: Nominations for ISRS Council 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-ID: <ECS9606061757A@york.ac.uk> 
Priority: Normal 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
	Thanks to all of you who responded to my recent  
posting asking for nominations for councillors of the International  
Society for Reef Studies. This note is to let you know that by a  
decision of the council of ISRS the deadline for nominations has been  
extended to the 31st August in order to allow everybody time to have  
a say in the process.  
 
	Among the current nominees, the USA and Europe are well  
represented. However, we are particularly keen to expand the  
geographic base of ISRS council and so still seek nominations of  
people from developing countries, Australasia and the Pacific to even  
the balance out a little. Please give some thought to possible  
nominees from these areas especially. Those nominating somebody  
need to obtain their permission and need to forward to me (or get the  
nominee to forward) a brief paragraph stating interests and  
experience. Self nominations are welcome. I look forward to receiving  
your responses. 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Callum Roberts 
Corresponding Secretary ISRS 
 
 
EEEM, University of York, York, YO1 5DD, UK 
Fax: +44 1904 432998 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun  6 15:46:53 1996 
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Date:         Thu, 06 Jun 96 14:23:18 CDT 
From: Tonya <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
Subject:      spawning 1996 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I would like to witness the coral spawning event this year and was hoping 
someone could tell me what the expected dates are.  If anyone is looking for 
volunteers to record these events please let me know.  I am a grad student 
at Louisiana State University working on coral genetics and I am SCUBA 
certified.  I hope to here from some of you.  Thanks... 
 
Tonya 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun  7 10:09:15 1996 
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Date: Fri, 7 Jun 1996 09:44:19 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: huss@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Online Directory expanded 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960607093802.3824A-100000@coral> 
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Thanks to Dr. C. Mark Eakin of NOAA's Office of Globabl Programs, and the 
programming efforts of Ms. Betty Huss of NOAA/AOML/OCD, our Online Coral 
Researchers Directory has been *significantly* expanded to include names 
and contact information for most of the world's coral reef researchers. 
The directory, which is updated frequently, can be found as a URL link off 
our CHAMP home page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
If you have any updates or corrections to the list, please drop a line. 
 
Many thanks for your interest. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun  7 11:08:38 1996 
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From: "Sharon H. Walker" <swalker@medea.gp.usm.edu> 
Message-Id: <199606071456.JAA25073@medea.gp.usm.edu> 
Subject: coral reef teaching materials sought 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, iyor-l@uriacc.uri.edu 
Date: Fri, 7 Jun 1996 09:56:03 -0500 (CDT) 
Cc: swalker@medea.gp.usm.edu 
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WANTED: CORAL REEF TEACHING MATERIALS FOR MIDDLE SCHOOL STUDENTS. 
Instructional materials on coral reefs (coral biology, reef structures  
and features, flora and fauna, ecology, pollution, destruction,  
conservation, and related topics) geared for high school students or  
younger are sought for a translation project which will result in a  
teacher's manual for Spanish-speaking students.  THE CORAL REEF  
CURRICULAR MATERIALS TRANSLATION PROJECT is being funded by E.P.A. and  
coordinated by the J.L.Scott Marine Education Center in Biloxi, MS.  If  
you are using, or are aware of, exceptional quality instructional  
resources (concepts/hands-on activities), please reply A.S.A.P to Amanda  
Newton at (601)374-5550 or swalker@medea.gp.usm.edu. or FAX (601)374-5559. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun  7 12:40:21 1996 
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Date: Fri, 7 Jun 1996 12:26:07 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: AVHRR images of coral reef areas 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960607121712.4434A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings! 
 
	The Remote Sensing Facility of the Department of Marine Science, 
University of South Florida, in St. Petersburg, Florida, and 
NOAA/AOML/OCD's Coral Health and Monitoring Program, are collaborating to 
provide Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) images to the 
coral research community. This capability provides researchers with 
another tool for gaining a better understanding of the influence of water 
masses on the health of coral assemblages.  The images are available as a 
URL link off the CHAMP Home Page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
	The AVHRR data has been processed to represent sea surface 
temperature (SST) fields. Only images which have 20% or better SST 
coverage over water will be displayed, so the most recent image may not be 
today's.  Past images are archived and available. 
 
	At the present time, only AVHRR images of Florida Bay and the 
Florida Straits are available, but if you have other reef areas you'd like 
to see, or if you have other special requests, please drop a line. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
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From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: UnCover Reveal Alert Service 
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Anyone familiar with UnCover's Reveal Alert Service? For $20/year they say 
they'll e-mail the most recent tables of contents from 50 journals (you 
pick'em from their list of 17,000 title). AND once a week they'll run a 
search of user-provided terms of new articles in their database--again, 
e-mailing you the results. Sounds good; has anyone tried it? Then there's 
the question of which journals? I'm a science writer new to this field: Can 
list-serve members suggest which journals are most important to keep posted 
on? (I won't even get into the question of best search terms at this point!) 
Thanks 
Osha Gray Davidson 
By the way, they're URL is: http://www.carl.org 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun  8 11:39:14 1996 
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Date: Sat, 8 Jun 1996 11:13:54 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Reproduction of corals 
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Does anyone out there know anything about reproduction in Culicia spp. and 
Oulastrea spp... (spawn, brood, hermap, gonochoric?). I need this info to 
link with  recruitment data.   
 
Many Thanks 
 
Peter Collinson 
The University of Hong Kong 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun  8 17:55:43 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
Subject: Important NOAA resource now online 
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Dear CORALers, 
 
I am really a turtle person but I hang around here because I know the 
welfare of corals and reefs is critical to keeping marine turtles healthy. 
   
For the past four months I have been surfing the net trying to locate 
environmental information on all Green Turtle Fibropapilloma sites reported 
by Drs. Herbst and Williams.  I was doing quite well too.  
 
Today is Ocean Day.  As if to commemorate it, I came upon a most remarkable 
resource at a NOAA website.  Newly posted on May 30th is Chapter 1 (NOAA 
document) "State of the Reefs: Regional and Global Perspectives".  I was 
into the third paragraph before I realized I had forgotten to breathe! 
Neatly presented was much of the environmental information I had been 
searching for all these evenings! 
 
This web document has summarized conditions and trends of the world's reefs. 
I think this NOAA resource is important for all people interested in corals 
and reef systems.  If you aren't already concerned about much of the world's 
tropical and sub-tropical coastlines you'll be sounding the alarm after THIS 
read! 
 
You can reach this document DIRECTLY at: 
 
http://www.nos.noaa.gov/icri/state.html 
 
But also put The Coral Health and Monitoring Program homepage in your 
bookmarks. It can be reached at: 
 
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/ 
 
 
Visiting the NOAA website will only get you Chapter One of this document. 
What follows is information necessary for people (like me) who want to order 
the entire thing. 
 
 
Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus and M.D. Spalding. 1995. State of the 
Reefs: Regional and Global Perspectives. International Coral Reef Initiative 
Executive Secretariat Background Paper, US Department of State, Washington, 
DC, 32 p.  
 
For copies of the complete paper contact Stephen C. Jameson, US Department 
of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of 
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, 1305 East-West Highway, Silver 
Spring, MD 20910, USA. 
 
 
I thank Drs. Jameson, McManus and Spalding for writing this resource, Jim 
Hendee (webmaster of NOAA site) for announcing it and NOAA for funding this 
critical research.  Some turtle friends I know back in Hawaii thank them too. 
 
 
                       ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                      0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
             /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
           /V     Turtle Trax    V\       Visit the Turtle Trax Cartoon at: 
         /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab/toon.htm 
  
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 10 00:43:06 1996 
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From: JSTEIN1@umbc2.umbc.edu 
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Date: Mon, 10 Jun 1996 00:23:50 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Re: UnCover Reveal Alert Service 
In-reply-to: <199606071651.LAA19953@ns-mx.uiowa.edu> 
To: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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If you have a University or other affiliation they may already have a  
site liscense that can carry you and save you the yearly fee. I'm new to  
the service but people say it works well. 
James Stein 
Department of Geography 
University of Maryland Baltimore County 
 
On Fri, 7 Jun 1996, Osha Gray Davidson wrote: 
 
> Anyone familiar with UnCover's Reveal Alert Service? For $20/year they say 
> they'll e-mail the most recent tables of contents from 50 journals (you 
> pick'em from their list of 17,000 title). AND once a week they'll run a 
> search of user-provided terms of new articles in their database--again, 
> e-mailing you the results. Sounds good; has anyone tried it? Then there's 
> the question of which journals? I'm a science writer new to this field: Can 
> list-serve members suggest which journals are most important to keep posted 
> on? (I won't even get into the question of best search terms at this point!) 
> Thanks 
> Osha Gray Davidson 
> By the way, they're URL is: http://www.carl.org 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 10 21:37:03 1996 
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Date: Mon, 10 Jun 1996 20:22:37 -0500 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Red Sea Marine Peace Park 
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I recently read about the possibility of developing a management plan for a 
Red Sea Marine Peace Park in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. Anyone involved in 
this--or can tell me more about it? 
Thanks, 
Osha 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jun 11 08:29:19 1996 
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From: SHASHAR@umbc2.umbc.edu 
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Date: Tue, 11 Jun 1996 08:14:19 -0500 (EST) 
Subject: Re: Red Sea Marine Peace Park 
In-reply-to: <199606110122.UAA13619@ns-mx.uiowa.edu> 
To: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ani <shashar@umbc7.umbc.edu> 
Message-id: <Pine.3.89.9606110811.A245430-0100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 
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There are actually 2 things with similar names 
 
1) The Peace Park. You can get more information about it from Mr. B.  
Mieremet of NOAA, who runs the project. Phone (301) 713-3155 ext. 127. 
 
2) The Peace Reef. You can get info at an home page which is under  
construction at 
http://www2.hawaii.edu/wormlab/peacerf.html 
 
I am involved with the latter and wil be happy to follow up if you want. 
 
Take care 
nadav 
 
 
On Mon, 10 Jun 1996, Osha Gray Davidson wrote: 
 
> I recently read about the possibility of developing a management plan for a 
> Red Sea Marine Peace Park in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. Anyone involved in 
> this--or can tell me more about it? 
> Thanks, 
> Osha 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 12 13:55:31 1996 
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Date: Wed, 12 Jun 1996 13:19:05 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Reef Awareness Key in Key West, FL 
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Forwarded information: 
 
 
Press Release: For Immediate Release June 6, 1996 
Contact:  DeeVon Quirolo, Reef Relief (305) 294-3100 
 
Reef Awareness Week planned for July 21-27, 1996 
 
Reef Awareness Week, the annual event designed to enhance appreciation and 
support for the coral reef, is planned for July 21-27, 1996 in the Florida 
Keys.  REEF RELIEF, the non-profit group dedicated to protecting the coral 
reef, has organized a full week of activities including discounted family 
snorkel trips to the reefs near Key West, a petition drive for a coral 
reef license plate, Children's Day activities at Museums at Crane Point 
Hammock and a reef excursion for children aboard the Discovery Glassbottom 
Boat, a luncheon at Islamorada's Cheeca Lodge featuring Harold Hudson on 
coral restoration, a Buoy Splcing Party hosted by Charterboat Reef Chief 
and Safe Harbor Marina on Stock Island, the Annual Membership Meeting at 
Pier House Caribbean Spa Featuring Craig Quirolo's State of the Reef 
Address and Dr. Brian Lapointe on water quality, the airing of 
environmental films compliments of TCI Channel 5, a magical Journey to 
Nature with Umi and more!  The event is sponsored in part by American 
Express and Best Western Hibiscus Motel.  "We will be celebrating REEF 
RELIEF's 10th anniversary during Reef Awareness Week and will kickoff our 
first Capital Campaign.  Come out and show your support for saving North 
America's only living coral barrier reef!" noted Heidi Golightly, Director 
of Development.  For a schedule or to volunteer, call (305) 294-3100 or 
visit hte REEF RELIEF Environmental Center at the foot of William Street 
in Key West. 
 
Mailing Address:  Post Office Box 430; Key West, FL  33041 
Environmental Center & Store:  201 William Street; Key West, FL  33040 
Telephone:  (305) 294-3100 
Fax:  (305) 293-9515 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 12 16:18:19 1996 
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Date: Wed, 12 Jun 1996 20:53:35 +0100 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Fran Marubini <9227421m@udcf.gla.ac.uk> 
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I am trying to collect comparative information on calcification, 
photosynthesis and any other physiological parameter between corals on the 
reef and in laboratory aquaria. Does anyone know of published comparative 
reports? 
 
Looking forward to your replies, 
thank you 
 
Francesca Marubini 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 12 23:26:47 1996 
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Date: Wed, 12 Jun 1996 22:17:25 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
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Dear fellow list-servers: 
       I'm a free-lancer at the beginning stages of writing a literary 
natural history book about coral reefs--for lay-people such as myself. (It 
will be published by Wiley Press in 1998.) While I'm still working out the 
details, here's a general view of the project: 
       I'm interested in presenting the history of how humans have come to 
understand the reef and its ecosystem. Also, in what the threats are to this 
diverse ecosystem, and in what is being done about them. And, of course, 
about what is THERE: the flora and fauna of the reef ecosystem (including 
seagrass beds, mangroves and hardwood hammocks). I plan on visiting a 
several reefs around the world: in the Caribbean, the Great Barrier Reef, 
the Red Sea, ??? I want to spent some time in each place with people who are 
doing research and management work. 
       I come to the subject with admittedly little knowledge, but with a 
great love for coral reefs--at least for the ones I've known in the Florida 
Keys. I was a "beach-bum" in Key West in the mid-1970s and spent most of my 
time snorkeling. 
       I will be attending the Panama symposium (and writing a magazine 
piece on it) to begin getting an idea of the issues and people involved. 
(I've also signed up for a summer college course on coral reef ecology so as 
not to remain a completely ignorant journalist. I have written for the usual 
suspects: the New York Times, the Nation, the New Republic, and have written 
a few books--but all of them on political/social issues.) 
        Please feel free to approach me at the symposium if you'd like to 
talk about some issue you feel is relevant to this project--or if you'd just 
like to chat. I'm not sure of my hotel assignment yet, but I imagine there 
will be a communications board up at the symposium site and I will check it 
regularly. And until then (and afterwards) there is always the blessed e-mail. 
        Looking forward to meeting at least some of you in Panama, 
        Osha  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 13 17:35:44 1996 
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Message-ID: <n1377439214.64671@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 13 Jun 1996 16:26:37 -0500 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Red Sea Marine Peace Par 
To: "Osha Gray Davidson" <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Cc: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        "Steve Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com>, 
        "Ben Mieremet" <bmieremet@coasts.nos.noaa.gov> 
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        Reply to:   RE>Red Sea Marine Peace Park 
 
Ben Mieremet at NOAA and Steve Jameson of Coral Seas, Inc. are currently in 
the middle east working on the management plan.  Upon their return you can 
reach them at: 
bmieremet@coasts.nos.noaa.gov 
sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
Cheers, Mark 
-------------------------------------- 
Date: 6/10/96 8:51 PM 
To: Mark Eakin 
From: Osha Gray Davidson 
I recently read about the possibility of developing a management plan for a 
Red Sea Marine Peace Park in the northern Gulf of Aqaba. Anyone involved in 
this--or can tell me more about it? 
Thanks, 
Osha 
 
 
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Subject: Red Sea Marine Peace Park 
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jun 14 09:52:08 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: UnCover Reveal - Coral reefs. 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960614093551.7638A-100000@coral> 
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There has been some interest expressed over the UnCover service. 
Following is a one-time posting (by me) of an example of how their service 
works.; this is just meant to display their capabilities.  Contact them 
directly if you have any requests for information. 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 6 Jun 1996 08:56:20 -0600 
From: uncover@csi.carl.org 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: UnCover Reveal - Coral reefs. 
 
Article availability and price: 
Service charge:     $     8.50 
Copyright Fee:      $     8.00 
------------------------------ 
Total Article Cost: $    16.50 
 
 
 * NEW SERVICE *  You may now order articles from UnCover Reveal by faxing 
the citation (including the UnCover Order Number) and your Profile Number 
to 303-758-7547.  Your profile must have complete payment information. 
 
You may also order articles by sending a REPLY message using your e-mail 
editor.  Type the word 'ORDER' anywhere on the line that displays the 
'UnCover # (the bottom line of each entry in the table of contents). 
The article will be faxed to you, usually within 24 hours. 
Charges will be made against the account number stored in your UnCover 
profile. 
 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG   69 
AU Glynn, P.W. 
TI Coral reefs of the eastern Pacific. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.69:CREP;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,229 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG   71 
AU Glynn, P.W. 
AU Veron, J.E.N. 
AU Wellington, G.M. 
TI Clipperton Atoll (eastern Pacific): oceanography, geomorphology, 
   reef-building coral ecology and biogeography. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.71:CA(P;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,236 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  101 
AU Reaka-Kudla, M.L. 
AU Feingold, J.S. 
AU Glynn, W. 
TI Experimental studies of rapid bioerosion of coral reefs in the 
   Galapagos Islands. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.101:ESRR;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,243 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  109 
AU Eakin, C.M. 
TI Where have all the carbonates gone? A model comparison of calcium 
   carbonate budgets before and after the 1982-1983 El Nino at Uva Island in 
   the eastern Pacific. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.109:WHAC;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,248 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  121 
AU Robertson, D.R. 
AU Allen, G.R. 
TI Zoogeography of the shorefish fauna of Clipperton Atoll. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.121:ZSCA;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,252 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  133 
AU Lessios, H.A. 
AU Kessing, B.D. 
AU Graybeal, A. 
TI Indo-Pacific echinoids in the tropical eastern Pacific. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.133:IEEP;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,023,255 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  143 
AU Steiner, S.C.C. 
AU Cortes, J. 
TI Spermatozoan ultrastructure of scleractinian corals from the eastern 
   Pacific: Pocilloporidae and Agariciidae. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.143:SUSC;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,024,008 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  108 
AU Feingold, J.S. 
TI Coral survivors of the 1982-83 El Nino-Southern Oscillation, Galapagos 
   Islands, Ecuador. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.108:CS1E;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,024,016 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  120 
AU Eakin, C.M. 
AU Glynn, P.W. 
TI Low tidal exposures and reef mortalities in the eastern Pacific. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.120:LTER;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,024,021 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  132 
AU Robertson, D.R. 
TI Holacanthus limbaughi, and Stegastes baldwini, endemic fishes of 
   Clipperton island, tropical eastern Pacific. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.132:HLSB;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,024,023 
 
JT Coral reefs. 
DA 1996 v 15 n 2 
PG  148 
TI International Society for Reef Studies. 
SI 0722-4028(1996)15:2L.148:ISRS;1- 
>>      Profile #: 1236477          UnCover #:  251,066,024,028 
 
-- 
The REVEAL Table of Contents service is supplied to you by the 
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please phone us at 800.787.7979 (outside the US at 303.758.3030), or 
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jun 15 02:54:31 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: DON BAKER <suniwan@po.jaring.my> 
Subject: Culture of Hard Corals / Thailand 
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Dear Coral List, 
 
Word was passed to me from the University of Malaysia - Sabah / Dr Ridzwan 
Abdul Rahman - that there is successful maturation and culture of Acropora & 
Pocillopora spp. in Thailand. 
 
Can anyone reference more info on this effort?  Verify such? 
 
Many regards to All, 
Don Baker 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Jun 16 10:05:23 1996 
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Date: Sun, 16 Jun 1996 08:53:35 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Honduras 
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Hi--Anyone doing work on or know about coral reefs around the island of 
Roatan, off the Honduran coast? 
Thanks, Osha 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jun 17 14:42:37 1996 
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Date: Mon, 17 Jun 1996 14:20:00 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: CHAMP Web Problems 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960617141128.974A-100000@coral> 
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Unfortunately, one of the Coral Health and Monitoring Program hard disks 
that holds ICRI documents (and other items, including AVHRR images) for 
access over the Web crashed over the weekend.  Hopefully it will be up 
soon. 
 
Please note that several important ICRI documents may be obtainable at: 
 
	http://wave.nos.noaa.gov/icri/csd/report.html 
 
(except, of course, ones that link back to the CHAMP server). 
 
Thanks for you patience. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 19 09:25:52 1996 
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 Wed, 19 Jun 1996 07:37:08 -0500 (UTC -05:00) 
Date: Wed, 19 Jun 1996 07:32:42 +0800 (U) 
From: Bob Buddemeier <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu> 
Subject: Coral Reefs, Global Change, ICRS8 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <01I632MX7S0I8ZQC1T@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU> 
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Return-receipt-to: "Bob Buddemeier" 
<Bob_Buddemeier.Moore_Hall@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
Coral Reefs, Global Change, and ICRS8 
 
On Thursday June 27 at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama 
there will be a workshop session addressing the topic: 
 
Coral Reef Responses to Global Change:  The Role of Adaptation. 
 
This is intended to provide an opportunity for the larger scientific 
community to participate in and contribute to the activities of SCOR Working 
Group 104, which is addressing this topic. 
 
The workshop will consist of topical discussion sessions, initiated by BRIEF 
individual or panel presentations to set the stage for general input and 
discussion.  Details may be modified as the Symposium progresses, but the 
topical areas will include: 
 
1.  The fuzzy borderline between adaptation and acclimation:  reproduction, 
genetics, life histories and evolution -- and the ever-popular species 
problem. 
 
2.  Community structure and function over time and space -- who matters, how 
obligate are their associations, how do they find each other, and what do 
they do when single? 
 
3.  Organism physiology and endosymbiosis as controls on acclimation -- the 
problem of locally determined tolerance levels and other untidy details. 
 
4.  Stress, synergism, and environmental preference -- nutrients, light, 
temperature, carbonate saturation state, and other subtly critical 
environmental variables. 
 
The exact schedules of discussion will be determined and posted or circulated 
at the meeting, in order to minimize conflicts with other workshops and to 
take advantage of the available expertise. 
 
All are welcome and reservations are not required, but anyone with extensive 
interests in or potential contributions to any of the topics is invited to 
contact me prior to the event: 
 
Robert W. Buddemeier 
email: Bob_Buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu (through June 22) 
or at the Plaza Paitilla Inn in Panama durig the Symposium 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 19 10:45:17 1996 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jun 1996 10:23:53 -0400 (EDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: mpl@christa.unh.edu (Michael P. Lesser) 
Subject: Belize Bleaching Update 
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Having just returned from Belize at Carrie Bow Cay I wanted to update the 
reports of widespread bleaching there in 1995 on the coral-list.  At this 
time temperatures have returned to their seasonal norms (27=B0C @ 15-20 m an= 
d 
28-29=B0C at <1m) at mid-day.  Surveys of both the outer and inner reefs at 
Carrie Bow and adjacent areas suggest widespread recovery of corals.  An 
occasional sample of Agaricia lamarki (@15 m or greater) or Montastrea 
annularis (Morphotype I and II in 1-5 m) still appear to be recovering, or 
recently bleached, as suggested by their mottled coloration.  No widespread 
mortality of corals, that might be attributable to the 1995 bleaching 
event, was evident as well. 
 
Michael P. Lesser 
University of New Hampshire 
Departments of Zoology and Microbiology 
Durham, NH 03824 
(603) 862-3442 (W) 
(603) 862-3784 (FAX) 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 19 12:20:48 1996 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jun 1996 12:07:08 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: ICRI Docs available 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960619120345.3199A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
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The complete document of the ICRI Workshop, May 29 through June 2, 1995 is 
again available in three different formats at the following URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/icri/icri.html 
 
Sorry for the inconvenience of its inaccessibility for a short while. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 19 15:03:22 1996 
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Date: 19 Jun 1996 14:51:23 -0500 
From: "Haskell, B." <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Florida Keys Marine Research at Your Fingertips 
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-MS 3.0.0 
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Florida Keys Marine Research at Your Fingertips 
 
After months of intense work compiling abstracts on the broad array of marine 
research projects conducted here in the Keys, the Florida Keys National Marine 
Sanctuary is now offering public access to a database of research papers and 
educational materials on local marine resources.  The database includes 
citations for peer reviewed journals, state and federal reports, and other 
reference materials.  
 
In an effort to provide a broad audience with an efficient means of obtaining 
information on marine resources, a growing number of documents, ranging from 
published scientific papers to educational videotapes, have been compiled and 
catalogued in a computer database.  These materials focus on the many 
different aspects of the biological and physical characteristics of the 
Florida Keys marine environment.  This database project was initiated by the 
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and The Nature Conservancy utilizing 
AmeriCorps and other volunteers to collect and enter information. 
 
Citations and summaries of over 1,000 documents are now easily accessible by 
Internet at URL: www.fknms.nos.noaa.gov.  Because these citations are 
computerized, a person can search all the documents for the particular subject 
of interest, read the summary, and identify where to find the complete 
document. 
 
This database of documents on Keys resources will continue to grow as new 
information is added.   Many of the educational and scientific institutions of 
the Florida Keys have expressed interest in participating, and it is the 
project's continuing goal to include as many of their collections as possible 
in the database.  I hope you find this a useful resource. 
 
Benjamin Haskell 
Science Coordinator 
bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jun 19 15:13:30 1996 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jun 1996 15:04:45 -0400 
To: BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, 
        ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List), 
        CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: US Global Change Seminar Series Questionaire 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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           US Global Change Research Program Draft List of Second Monday Sem= 
inar 
                                               Series Topics for 1996-97 
 
                                                        June 19, 1996 
 
Dear Friends and Colleagues: 
 
        In our first year, our seminar series has covered a wide range of 
topics (see list on reverse side).  In anticipation of the upcoming year of 
seminars the U.S. Global Change Research Program Office has compiled a 
draft list of possible topics to be included in the US Global Change 
Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series.  We would very much 
appreciate your input regarding this list, and welcome your suggestions as 
to additional and/or alternative topics. 
 
Please indicate your level of interest in the following topics by ranking 
each of the topics listed below from 0 to 5, with 5 indicating the highest 
level of interest, 3 general interest, and 0 indicating that the topic is 
unlikely to be of interest to our primary audience (Congressional staff, 
reporters and newsletter writers, agency program leaders, NGO's, and those 
with global and regional environmental interests).  Suggestions for 
additional or alternative topics should also be indicated. Please remember 
we have only 11 slots each year. 
 
Our sincere thanks for your comments, support, and continued interest in 
the U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series. 
 
                                                        Sincerely Yours, 
                                                        Anthony D. Socci, Ph= 
.D. 
 
 
Please mail, fax, or e-mail your response to: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci 
U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840 
Washington, DC 20024 
Tel. (202) 651-8244 
=46ax: (202) 554-6715 
E-mail: tsocci@usgcrp.gov 
Global Change Web Site: http://www.usgcrp.gov 
 
                                                   Past USGCRP Seminars 
 
=46loods and Droughts 
Climate Models 
Ice Core Records of Past Climate Changes: Implications for the Future 
Climate Change and Human Health 
Signals of Human-Induced Climate Warming 
Hurricanes 
Anthropogenic Ozone Depletion: Status and Human Health Implications 
The Role of Aerosols in Climate Change 
Coral Reef Bleaching: Ecological and Economic Implications 
A Close Look at Global Satellite and Surface Temperature Records and Trends 
Extent and Implications of Land Cover Changes: The View from Space 
Climate Implications of Abrupt Changes in Ocean Circulation 
 
____________________________________________________________________________= 
_ 
                             Draft Topics for 1996-97 USGCRP Seminars 
 
=AE Climate Feedbacks and Controls  - What processes are involved in forcing 
climate change and what are the feedbacks? 
=AE Possible Economic Paradigms for Assessing the Cost of Climate Change and 
Mitigation 
=AE Polar Ice Caps , Mountain Glaciers, and Sea Level Rise: Status, Trends, 
and Implications 
=AE The Climate of the Past Few Thousand Years 
=AE History of the Earth's Climate System  - How have Earth's systems and 
processes operated to bring about climate change over the history of the 
planet? 
=AE How Much Atmospheric CO2 Can the Biosphere and the Oceans Absorb?  - Wha= 
t 
are the climatic implications of nature's limited ability to absorb CO2? 
=AE Environmental Security in a Climatically-Altered World: The Middle East 
=AE  Climate Change and Water Resources in the Western U.S. 
=AE Anomalous Absorption of Solar Radiation 
=AE Emissions Trends and Projections:  Possible Pathways into the 21St Centu= 
ry 
=AE Climate Surprises - What low probability events could lead to large 
changes in climate? 
=AE Assessing the Cost of a Weather-Related Disaster 
=AE Indicators of Climate Change: The Observational Record 
=AE An Economic Look at Climate Mitigation Options 
=AE Barriers to the Use of Renewable Energy  and More Energy Efficient 
Technologies 
=AE Detection of Global Warming: The Ocean Acoustical Experiment 
=AE Chemical Feedbacks and Climate Warming: The Case of Methane Hydrates 
=AE El Nino Forecasting:  The Cost and Economic and Social Benefits 
=AE Tropospheric Ozone: How Is It Changing and What Effects Would It Have? 
=AE Stratospheric Ozone: When Will the Decline in CFC Concentrations Close 
the Ozone Hole? 
=AE Satellites: What Are They Telling Us About the Earth System? 
=AE Deserts: Are They Expanding? 
=AE Tropical Forests: How Fast Are They Disappearing? 
=AE Uncertainties: Perspectives from Effects and Consequences Research 
=AE Food Production and Global Environmental Change: What Are the Prospects? 
=AE International and Intergenerational Equity: What's Involved? 
 
Additional Suggestions:   ___________________________________________ 
 
 
Optional Information: What is your organizational affiliation? 
 
=AE  Federal or State Agency 
=AE Non-Government Organization 
=AE Academic Institution 
=AE U.S. Congress 
=AE International Organization 
=AE Other (Please Specify) ___________________________ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 20 06:50:43 1996 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 12:31:12 +0100 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr (Bernard A. THOMASSIN) 
Subject: I.C.R.S. 8th - request for reports available 
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To all the 8th ICRS Workshops  Organizators, 
Unfortunatly for me I cannot attemp the Symposium (lack of money...), so please try to gather for me all the informal 
papers or reports that will be distributed during the worshop you will organize. This is important for me, but also to 
make copy for various isolated coral reef researchers (as Madagascar, Moyotte I. or other places in the indopacific). 
Thanks a lot. Have a nice symposium and attractive discussions. 
 
Bernard A. Thomassin  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jun 20 08:26:25 1996 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 08:02:37 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: "Bernard A. THOMASSIN" <thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr> 
Subject: Re: I.C.R.S. 8th - request for reports available 
In-Reply-To: <v01510100adeee4910e66@[139.124.16.46]> 
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If anyone attending the Symposium has digital copies of presentations, 
data, images, etc. that they'd like for me to post on the CHAMP Home Page, 
please see me at the Symposium, FTP the files to our anonymous ftp site at 
coral.aoml.noaa.gov (subdirectory pub/champ/8icrs), or mail them to me 
(address below) and I'll make them publicly available. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4396        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4392        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  |                                   | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov        | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
On Thu, 20 Jun 1996, Bernard A. THOMASSIN wrote: 
 
> Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 12:31:12 +0100 
> From: Bernard A. THOMASSIN <thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: I.C.R.S. 8th - request for reports available 
>  
> To all the 8th ICRS Workshops  Organizators, 
> Unfortunatly for me I cannot attemp the Symposium (lack of money...), so please try to gather for me all the 
informal papers or reports that will be distributed during the worshop you will organize. This is important for me, but 
also to make copy for various isolated coral reef researchers (as Madagascar, Moyotte I. or other places in the 
indopacific). 
> Thanks a lot. Have a nice symposium and attractive discussions. 
>  
> Bernard A. Thomassin  
>  
>  
 
From owner-coral-list  Thu Jun 20 13:42:56 1996 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 08:29:02 -0600 
To: coral-list 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Contadora Island 
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Hello all--I've been assigned to the Contadora Island one-day field trip at 
the Symposium. Can anyone tell me what is significant about this one and 
shouldn't be missed? Or would my time (and not insignificantly, my money) be 
better spent elsewhere? 
Thanks, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
 
From owner-coral-list  Thu Jun 20 17:48:20 1996 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 13:34:23 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@chaos.aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Image format 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960620132311.5675A-100000@coral> 
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For those of you who wish to upload image files of 8ICRS presentations 
to our anonymous site at coral.aoml.noaa.gov (pub/champ/8icrs), we can 
handle the following formats: 
 
	GIF 
	JPG 
	TIF 
	BMP 
	PS 
	X11 Bitmap 
	XPM 
	IRIS RGB 
	Targa (24-bit) 
	FITS 
	PM 
	PBM 
	Adobe Illustrator 
	...and a few more. 
 
 
	Thanks for your interest. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
From owner-coral-list  Thu Jun 20 19:07:31 1996 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jun 1996 14:51:59 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@chaos.aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Document format 
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Sorry, I should have mentioned this before... 
 
If you want documents from the 8ICRS to be obtainable in the format in 
which they were written, you can put them on our site, but it would be 
useful to use an identifying file suffix, perhaps so: 
 
	.MW6	MicroSoft Word 6.0 
	.WP5	WordPerfect 5.1 or 5.2 
	.ASC	ASCII 
	.PS	Postscript 
	.WS7	WordStar 7.0 
 
and so on.  MicroSoft Word (v6.0 or v7.0) is preferred.  If you want the 
document to be viewable on the Web, I would of course be *extremely* 
grateful if you could supply the file in HTML format, but we can work 
something out. 
 
	Take care... 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
P.S. Reminder of site address:  anonymous ftp at coral.aoml.noaa.gov in 
subdirectory /pub/champ/8icrs. 
 
 
From owner-coral-list  Fri Jun 21 17:27:51 1996 
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          21 Jun 96 18:09 LISBOA 
Date: Fri, 21 Jun 1996 18:08:30 +0100 (LISBOA) 
From: Miguel Repas <zrepas@cc.fc.ul.pt> 
To: "Michael P. Lesser" <mpl@christa.unh.edu> 
cc: coral-list 
Subject: Field  Guide 
In-Reply-To: <v01530503aded82592b1e@[132.177.151.156]> 
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Could anyone please advise me on a field guide to the corals of the  
Indian Ocean? 
 
Many thanks 
 
 
Miguel Repas 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
MIGUEL REPAS - Marine Biologist			 
 
Rua do Balteiro, 11			   E-mail: zrepas@cc.fc.ul.pt 
2795 LINDA-A-VELHA			     Telf: +351 1 419 7465 
PORTUGAL 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sat Jun 22 02:47:24 1996 
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Date: Sat, 22 Jun 1996 11:33:37 -0400 
To: coral-list 
From: yamamuro@gsj.go.jp (Masumi Yamamuro) 
Subject: Book Sites 
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Is there any web sites where I can check the list of new books? 
In Japan, there is a web site where you can check the informations of all bo 
oks published every week. 
It is useful because I can order the books concerning condition of reef ecos 
ystems, NGO activities on reefs etc. published local small companies. 
If there is any such sites in your country, please give me the address. 
It would be wonderful reading popular books concerning coral reefs to know w 
hat they mean to people in the world. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Masumi YAMAMURO 
 
 
--------------------------------- 
Masumi YAMAMURO 
Marine Geology Department 
Geological Survey of Japan 
Tel.&Fax: 81-298-54-3766 
--------------------------------- 
 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sat Jun 22 23:59:39 1996 
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From: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
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Date: Sat, 22 Jun 1996 19:45:47 -0400 
Message-ID: <960622194546_336471730@emout13.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Coral Recruitment  
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Dear All 
 
Hi. Im in a bit of a quandry re coral recruitment. Can anyone out there 
please help? 
I need to know how fisheries people acertain cohorts from measurements of 
i.e., length etc... Are cohorts defined by plotting frequencies of all i.e., 
lengths, and then performing a polynomial function to separate ie., 3 
age/size groups?  
 
Or is it completely different!!!!? 
 
Many thanks 
 
Peter Collinson 
University of Hong Kong  
 
From owner-coral-list  Mon Jun 24 22:41:05 1996 
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Date: Tue, 25 Jun 1996 09:54:29 +1300 
From: "Dr.C.L.McLay" <CML@zool.canterbury.ac.nz> 
Subject: Reef Slide 
To: coral-list 
Reply-to: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
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Organization: Zoology, University of Canterbury 
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    As part of a Marine Biology course I give a lecture on the crown  
of thorns starfish. I have a nice slide of a pristine coral reef  
(Paradise) and a nice slide of Acanthaster (The Bad Guy) but I don't  
have a slide showing devastation of the reef. I wonder if someone has  
such a slide, perhaps showing Acanthaster in the midst of its  
destruction? If you have a suitable slide, I'd very much appreciate a  
copy. Perhaps I can exchange it for a slide of some New Zealand  
marine animal - let me know.  
 
Dr Colin McLay 
Zoology Department 
Canterbury University 
PB 4800, Christchurch 
New Zealand. 
Tel: +64 3 364 2887 
FAX:   +64 3 364 2024 
email: c.mclay@zool.canterbury.ac.nz 
WWW Home Page: http://www.canterbury.ac.nz/zool/cm.htm 
 
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(IDT) 
Date: Tue, 25 Jun 1996 11:51:35 +0300 (IDT) 
From: Nissim Sharon <nasoli@post.tau.ac.il> 
To: Miguel Repas <zrepas@cc.fc.ul.pt> 
cc: "Michael P. Lesser" <mpl@christa.unh.edu>, coral-list 
Subject: Re: Field Guide 
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On Fri, 21 Jun 1996, Miguel Repas wrote: 
 
>  
> Could anyone please advise me on a field guide to the corals of the  
> Indian Ocean? 
>  
Dear Miguel, 
I happened to be in Nissim's lab when your message arrived.  I am based  
at the Oceanograph8ic Research Institute in Durban, South Africa and have  
written the coral section for a field guide to marine life on the coast  
of East Africa.  This is being edited by Matt Richmond, presently at  
Bangor (I think), but soon to be back on Zanzibar at the marine lab of  
Dar university.  I will return to SA on July 8 and you can contact me at  
seaworld@neptune.lia.co.za to obtain his e-mail and other addresses. 
 
Kind regards,  Michael Schleyer  
 
***************************************************************************   
*  Nissim Sharon                           E-mail: nasoli@ccsg.tau.ac.il  *    
*  Department of Zoology                   FAX:    972-3-6409403          * 
*  Tel Aviv University                     TEL:    972-3-6409090          * 
*  Ramat Aviv                              HOME:   972-3-5041075          * 
*  Tel Aviv 69978                                                         * 
*  ISRAEL                                                                 * 
*************************************************************************** 
  
 
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From: "Jennifer A. Wheeler" <wheeler@zool.umd.edu> 
To: coral-list 
Date:          Thu, 27 Jun 1996 22:00:02 +0000 
Subject:       Ornamental Reef Fish - Reg.s and Recruitment 
Reply-to: wheeler@zool.umd.edu 
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Two quick questions for those in the know about the marine aquarium  
trade: 
 
1.  Has the European Community adopted regulations with prohibit  
trade in organisms unlikely to survive in captivity (discussed in  
Wood 1992 - reprort on the marine aquarium trade). 
 
2.  Has there been some sort of major rethinking about which factors  
limit numbers of reef fish?  I believe the traditional view is that  
shelter or space as well as food are the primary limiting factors, with 
recruitment out of the planktonic larval stage not really limiting.  Is this now  
thought to be the other way around - for some or many species?  
(Something I read in the Johannes and Riepen 1995 report on the live reef 
 fish trade makes me ask.) 
 
Well, maybe these weren't quick questions, but I would appreciate any  
feedback.  Thank you. 
 
Jennifer Wheeler 
wheeler@zool.umd.edu 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sun Jun 30 01:41:20 1996 
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From: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
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1996 21:24:03 -0400 
Date: Sat, 29 Jun 1996 21:24:03 -0400 
Message-ID: <960629212401_343821286@emout19.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Oulastrea crispata..favids 
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Hi all.  
 
Please please help! Its 3-00 am on a Saturday night and I cannot find any 
data as to growth rates  of the black favid Oulastrea crispata. If you know 
about it in general, or more specifically to recruitment and sizes from 
initial settlement to 2-3 yrs old I would greatly appreciate it..Many thanks. 
 
Yours frustratedly 
 
Peter Collinson 
The University of Hong Kong 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sun Jun 30 01:41:20 1996 
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From: PRJCOLLI@aol.com 
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Date: Sat, 29 Jun 1996 21:23:40 -0400 
Message-ID: <960629212339_343821299@emout08.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Terry Done 
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Dear Terry 
 
Hi. I would like to E-mail and chat to you re: survey methodology...if that 
OK by you!!!!! 
 
Thanks 
 
Yours 
 
Peter Collinson 
The University of Hong Kong 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sun Jun 30 03:24:12 1996 
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Date: Sat, 29 Jun 1996 20:12:41 -0500 
To: coral-list 
From: GreenLife Society <greenlife.society@worldnet.att.net> 
Subject: Occasional Paper on Palau 
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Latest publication in IELPOPS series 
 
 
The GreenLife Society announces the release of the 11th paper in its 
International Environmental Law & Policy Occasional Paper Series (IELPOPS), 
entitled "Paradise Lost?  Environmental Prospects And Politics In The 
Republic of Palau." (GLSNA IELPOPS No. 11, February, 1996) (18p.)  The 
paper, authored by Erica Rosenberg, former Senior Legal Counsel for the 
House of Delegates, Palau National Congress,  focuses on the threat to 
Palau's flora and fauna species and suggests means to improve the prospects 
for preserving the nation's rich biodiversity through legal, political and 
educational initiatives. 
 
Copies of the paper are available for $8.00; which includes shipping and 
handling.  Please add $2.00 for orders outside of the United States. 
Payments should be made in U.S. currency.  We will bill academic 
institutions, NGOs and government agencies.  Orders may be effectuated via 
e-mail, fax, phone or mail.  Our mailing address is: GreenLife Society 
-North American Chapter, 700 Cragmont Ave., Berkeley, CA 94708, USA, 
Phone/Fax: (510)558-0620, e-mail: greenlife.society@worldnet.att.net 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620					 
WWW site: http://nceet.snre.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
				 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From owner-coral-list  Sun Jun 30 23:55:41 1996 
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Date: Sun, 30 Jun 1996 19:45:04 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@chaos.aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list 
Subject: Coral Reef "Morrocoy SOS" Venezuela (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960630194158.7063A-100000@coral> 
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This is a forwarded message from Edgard A. Yerena concerning reef damage 
in Vensezuela.  Sorry I didn't get to it sooner, but I was in Panama at 
the 8ICRS. 
 
=09JCH 
=09coral-list administrator 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 28 Jun 1996 18:57:44 -0400 
From: Edgard A. Yerena <eyerena@ccs.internet.ve> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef "Morrocoy SOS" Venezuela 
 
Dear Dr. Hendee: 
In January this year a massive coral reef death occurred in Morrocoy 
National Park in the western coast of Venezuela. This rather odd fatality 
happened during the last half of the month, most probable dates between the 
20th and 25th. 
The causes are still not clear. Researchers and experts have outlined 2 
major hypothesis: 1- an extremely rare, all of a sudden, drop of surface 
sea temperature in the order of 6 to 8 degrees Celsius, and 2- a plume of 
an unknown substance and source that some fishermen reported off the coast 
during those days. The substance of yellow-brownish colour had a strong 
smell and when collected in plastic buckets or glass containers "glued" to 
the surfaces of the recipients. A possible explanation for this second 
theory suggests that when the plume reached the coastline, the breaking 
waves made it sink and kill most of the present biota from the surface down 
to 20 meters+, a renowned local dive operator claims it killed everything 
down to 40 meters, including fish, crustaceans, and 90-95% of the hard 
corals. 
The barrier reef is lost, only the 3 small cays located east off the park 
seem to have survived in a rather good shape. Strange burnt-like scars can 
be seen in many coral heads, sponges and other living substrata. 
We need support to conduct a deeper insight at what really happened. At the 
moment I am trying to get local people organized into an SOS NGO but it is 
an uphill way up. 
We also need to ask some questions through the worldwide CORAL REEF FORUM 
and my friend John R. Clark from Florida suggested your name: 
1- Has a massive dissapearance of this magnitude (10 to 12 kms length 
approx. of coral reef barrier) ever happened on the planet and has it been 
recorded in any way? 
2- What could we expect to happen with the sorrounding ecosystems, 
mangroves and sea grass beds? 
3- What could we expect to happen with the human activities such as tourism 
and fisheries? 
I can take my chances and guess on these questions but would like to 
receive some answers from colleagues round the world. 
A final point, and I must apologize for extending myself on this, but is 
there any possibility of getting NOAA's help or any other competent agency 
to access Landsat or other sat images of the area during the days concerned 
in order to identify what was happening with the sea surface behavior at 
the moment? 
Please answer me at your earliest convenience, I know that the 6th 
International Coral Reef Conference is going on in Panama and this might be 
the opportunity to spread this SOS. A colleague from the Universidad 
Central de Venezuela, Dr. Sheila Pauls Marques is attending the Congress 
and will probably be presenting a panel regarding the subject. 
Please answer me through either peter@link7.lat.net (Peter Czeisler) and/or 
eyerena@ccs.internet.ve since I do not have e-mail access yet. 
Thanks & regards, 
jose ram=F3n delgado, oceanographer 
 
Edgard Yerena, M.Sc. 
Regular Mail: Apartado 68409, Altamira, Caracas 1062, Venezuela 
Fax: 58+2+2860468 
E-Mail: eyerena@ccs.internet.ve 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul  2 15:30:22 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Etiquette Reminder 
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Following is an etiquette reminder for the coral-list members, as 
requested of me by many researchers whom I had the pleasure of 
meeting at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium: 
 
1)  When responding to a posting to the list, do not respond 
	*back* to the entire list unless you feel it is an 
	answer everyone can benefit from.  I think this is 
	usually the case, but responses such as, "Yeah, tell 
	me, too!" to the entire list will make you unpopular 
	in a hurry.  Double-check your "To: " line before 
	sending. 
 
2) Do not "flame" (i.e., scold) colleagues via the coral-list.  If 
	you feel compelled to chastise someone, please send them 
	mail directly and flame away. 
 
3) Please conduct as much preliminary research into a topic 
	as possible before posting a query to the list. (In 
	other words, you shouldn't expect others to do your 
	research for you.) Please consider: 
 
	o  Your librarian (an extremely valuable resource) 
	o  The CHAMP Literature Abstracts area at the CHAMP Web: 
		http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
	o  The CHAMP Online Researcher's Directory 
		(i.e., search for your topic, ask the 
		experts directly) 
	o  The CHAMP (and other) Web sites' links page(s) 
 
  But please do avail yourself of the list when you've exhausted 
	other sources. 
 
4)  Please see the CHAMP pages for employment related issues 
	instead of posting job requests to coral-list. 
 
5)  Please carefully consider the purpose of the coral-list 
	before posting a message.  This is a forum comprised 
	primarily of senior researchers who devote major 
	portions of their work time to the study of corals 
	or coral-related issues. 
 
6)  Succinct postings are greatly appreciated by all. 
 
 
	This etiquette reminder may be re-sent from time to time. 
 
	I hope to have separate list-servers for various 
coral-related issues in the near future, and at that time you 
may wish to switch lists, or subscribe to them additionally. 
 
	Thanks for your help and support. 
 
	JCH 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul  5 14:35:02 1996 
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Date: Fri, 5 Jul 1996 14:14:22 -0400 
Message-Id: <199607051814.OAA07590@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: Important NOAA resource now online 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "Ursula Keuper-Bennett" <howzit@io.org>, 
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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STATE OF THE REEFS - ORDERING UPDATE 
 
In February I retired from NOAA and started my own Integrated Coastal  
Zone Management consulting company - Coral Seas, Inc. 
 
For quicker service, please request copies of  
 
Jameson, S.C., J.W. McManus and M.D. Spalding. 1995. State of the 
Reefs: Regional and Global Perspectives. International Coral Reef  
Initiative 
Executive Secretariat Background Paper, US Department of State,  
Washington, 
DC, 32 p.  
 
from: 
 
Dr. Peter Thomas, ICRI Coordinator 
United States Department of State 
Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs 
Washington, D.C.  20520 
202/647-0658 
202/736-7351 (fax) 
Email:  pthomas@state.gov 
 
 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul  6 18:47:49 1996 
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Date: Sat, 06 Jul 1996 15:32:31 -0500 
To: ACN-L@pinetree.org, asiliel@u.washington.edu, jan@ncar.ucar.edu, 
        CLIM-ECON@csf.colorado.edu, COASTNET@uriacc.uri.edu, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, marine@vmsvax.simmons.edu, 
        envst-l@brownvm.brown.edu, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu, hdgec@ciesin.org, 
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        MARINE-L@cgc.ns.ca, FOO@hq.unu.edu 
From: GreenLife Society <greenlife.society@worldnet.att.net> 
Subject: Small Island Nations/Climate Change 
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PLEASE NOTE: e-mail orders should be sent to our other address:= 
 pcis@igc.apc.org 
 
New Publication From the GreenLife Society - North American Chapter 
 
 
The GreenLife Society, formerly the Pacific Center For International 
Studies, announces publication of the 13th monograph in its International 
Environmental Law & Policy Occasional Paper Series (IELPOPS): 
 
"The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Future of 
Small Island States." =20 
 
Abstract 
 
While the specter of global warming looms as a foreboding prospect for 
virtually every nation in the world, the most catastrophic implications may 
be visited upon the world=92s small island nations.  The purpose of this= 
 paper 
is to assess the prospects for protecting the interests of small island 
nations vis-=E0-vis the international community=92s primary response to= 
 global 
warming: the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (FCCC). 
The paper includes a textual analysis of provisions of the FCCC germane to 
the interests of small island nations, the record of major greenhouse 
gas-emitting nations to date, as well as future projections, and suggestions 
on how small island nations can be spared the worse ramifications of climate 
change. 
 
Copies of the monograph are available for $15.00 apiece, which includes 
shipping and handling; overseas customers should add $2.00 for shipping. 
Orders may be placed by phone, fax or e-mail.  We will invoice academic 
institutions, government agencies and non-profit organizations.  For a 
complete list of the papers in our IELPOPS series, please contact us. 
 
GreenLife Society North America, 29 E. Wilson St., Suite 202, Madison, WI 
53703, (800) 210-9645 (phone), (608) 250-2622 (fax), e-mail:= 
 pcis@igc.apc.org. 
William C. Burns 					=09 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter=20 
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  =09 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620				=09 
WWW site: http://nceet.snre.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
			=09 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D= 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D= 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul  3 21:48:16 1996 
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Date: Wed, 3 Jul 1996 18:49:57 -0800 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: coral@igc.apc.org (Coral Forest) 
Subject: coral harvesting 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Hello, 
I was hoping to have gained more knowledge on the effects of coral 
harvesting on reef ecosystems at the International Coral Reef Symposium, 
but I am still lacking in this area.  Any suggestions as to studies, 
scientists or NGOs to contact on this subject would be appreciated, as 
would any faxable studies (415)331-4064. 
Thank you, 
Marcy Roth 
P.S. I am not sure how a scientist's recent request for employment was 
posted thru our E-mail address, but it was not done intentionally. 
 
Coral Forest 
400 Montgomery St. Suite 1040 
San Francisco, CA  94104 USA 
Ph: (415)788-7333 
Fax:(415)331-4064 
E-mail: coral@igc.apc.org 
web site: http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 10 09:20:18 1996 
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Date: Wed, 10 Jul 1996 08:34:26 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Bleaching Events in Florida Keys 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960710081512.11297C-100000@wave> 
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If anybody has any records of coral bleaching in the Florida Keys 
(including even approximate dates and locations) which have not been 
published, I would very much appreciate receiving any information you 
might have.  I will make available via the Web any information I receive.  
 
	Many thanks, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	Ocean Chemistry Division 
	NOAA/AOML/OCD 
	4301 Rickenbacker Causeway 
	Miami, FL  33149-1026 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 10 10:56:01 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "George D. Dennis" <gdennis@fit.edu> 
Subject: Request for Proposals 
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NOAA National Undersea Research Program 
CARIBBEAN MARINE RESEARCH CENTER 
 
REQUEST FOR PROPOSALS 
 
Undersea Research on Tropical and Subtropical Marine Systems 
 
Funding is available for undersea research in the south Florida and 
Caribbean area for 1997 through the Caribbean Marine Research Center (CMRC) 
under the auspices of the NOAA National Undersea Research Program (NURP). 
CMRC will provide support for research activities that require undersea 
facilities or equipment such as manned submersible, remotely operated 
vehicles, or wet diving to accomplish their goals.  Three research themes 
(below) have been selected for 1997 and additional NOAA strategic goals are 
listed in the proposal guidelines. 
 
Sustainable Fisheries - Marine Reserves 
 
Marine reserves or protected areas have the potential to protect and 
maintain fishery resources. There is still limited information on the 
effectiveness of reserves and little quantitative data are available on the 
processes by which reserves would operate. CMRC is particularly interested 
in supporting projects on the use of marine reserves in helping maintain 
sustainable fisheries.  In addition we encourage proposals for study of the 
role of reserves in protecting threatened and endangered species. 
 
Healthy Coastal Ecosystems  -  Coral Reefs 
 
The increased awareness of coral reef degradation throughout the world has 
prompted CMRC to initiate a coral reef research program centered on the 
long-term study and understanding of shallow and deep coral reef ecosystems. 
Areas of interest include: 1) coral bleaching studies in the field and 
laboratory, including measurements of ambient solar irradiance and 
fluorescence spectra of coral pigments, relative to stress such as exposure 
to high temperatures and ultraviolet radiation, and 2) the effects of 
natural and anthropogenic influences, including pollution, on coral reef 
health.  We especially encourage proposals making use of the comparative 
approach examining unimpacted and impacted areas in the Florida Keys and 
Bahamas. This would include building upon the accomplishments of our deep 
reef studies program in the Bahamas. Mass spawning, a relatively recent 
discovery in corals, is now documented to occur following the full moon in 
August/September at our marine field station at Lee Stocking Island, 
Bahamas, as well as at other sites around the Caribbean and Florida Keys. 
Little is known about this phenomena.  Scientists now have the unique 
opportunity to study reproduction and early life history stages in corals. 
Proposals are requested to further study the effects of mass spawning on the 
dynamics of coral reefs and its implications to coral reef management. 
 
Decadal-to-Centennial Change  
Paleo-oceanography from Coral Reefs 
 
The coral reefs provide an unique retrospective record of oceanographic 
conditions.  This information is essential for better modeling of climate 
change and assessing whether present days conditions are typical or not. 
CMRC is soliciting proposals to make use of undersea techniques to obtain 
quality long-term data sets that will improve the understanding of the role 
of the tropical ocean in global change. 
 
Laboratory Facility Use  
 
CMRC operates a marine field station at Lee Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, 
Bahamas.  This laboratory is located in a tropical reef environment with 
relatively pristine conditions.  A wide range of habitats including coral 
reefs, seagrass beds, subtidal stromatolites, ooid shoals and shelf-edge 
dropoff are in close proximity and easily accessible for study.  The 
relatively unimpacted nature of the environment allows for a unique 
opportunity for comparative studies with similar heavily impacted reefs in 
the Florida Keys. 
 
Facilities include SCUBA diving support, 24-hr AC power, air-conditioned 
laboratory space, flow-thru seawater system and vessel support.  CMRC will 
entertain program development (PD) proposals for use of the facilities at 
the marine laboratory with the goal of developing full proposals for future 
submittal.  Program Development proposals are short research proposals (2-3 
pages) reviewed internally that can include transportation to and from 
Florida to the island, meals and accommodations, SCUBA support, and vessel 
use. Investigators must provide  transportation to Florida, salaries, and 
any necessary supplies must be obtained from other funding sources. 
 
Proposals are accepted for work at any site in the Caribbean though we 
encourage investigators to first consider use of our excellent facilities at 
Lee Stocking Island for their projects.  If you are interested in submitting 
a proposal in one of the above research areas please contact CMRC at the 
address below for further details.  A short pre-proposal (2-3 pages) 
describing research goals and support needs is required by 15 July 1996 (fax 
if possible).  Full proposals will be requested based on internal review of 
the pre-proposal.  Funds for this program are primarily allocated for 
logistical support. Proposals that have cofunding for data analysis and 
investigator salaries have the greatest rate of approval. Proposal 
preparation guidelines can be obtained on request from the address below. 
 
Deadline for full proposals is 31 August 1996. Proposals are peer reviewed 
through a mail and panel review process.  Investigators will be notified of 
the status of their proposals in December 1996. 
 
Address proposals, questions, or comments to  
 
		George Dennis 
		Science Director 
		Caribbean Marine Research Center	 
		805 East 46th Place	 
		Vero Beach, FL   32963 
 
		561-234-9931	Voice 
		561-234-9954	FAX 
 
		cmrc@vero.com 
 
Check our web site for more details on our strategic goals, information on 
proposal preparation, previous research projects, publication list, and 
present research activities. 
 
http://www.cmrc.org 
-- 
Regards, 
George Dennis 
 
Caribbean Marine Research Center	561-234-9931 (V) 
805 East 46th Pl.			561-234-9954 (F) 
Vero Beach, FL  32963		gdennis@fit.edu 
>>>>>>**Note our new area code**<<<<<< 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 11 08:00:19 1996 
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Date: Thu, 11 Jul 1996 07:50:37 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Diadema antillarum 
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The following message, orginally posted to the marine biology list-server  
(marbio), might be of interest to coral-listers interested in the  
dynamics of Diadema populations on patch reefs: 
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
From: John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 1996 15:35:26 -0400 (EDT) 
Subject: Re: marbio: Diadema antillarum 
 
Dear Mr Sosa: 
 
It was interesting to get your message and to recall that in spite of the 
widespread mass mortality of Diadema in the western Atlantic in 1983-84, 
they did not die in the eastern Atlantic. 
 
We did many Diadema removal experiments from patch reefs in the early 
1970's at the West Indies Laboratory in the Virgin Islands.  They were 
kept from moving into cleared areas with difficulty so it was helpful to 
choose a patch reef rather remote from controls.  At any rate, the results 
of removal experiments were always dramatic, algae virtually sprang 
from the reef surface, often smothering corals.  In one case, a cleared 
patch reef did not "recover" (that is, recolonize with Diadema) for many 
years.  Our theory was that the algae that covered the cleared reef 
prevented the recruitment of juveniles by mechanical interference, and 
prevented adults from moving back by interfering with their ability to 
hold on by wedging their spines into reef cracks.  Another urchin, 
Tripneustes, moved up from surrounding seagrass beds onto the cleared 
reefs.  This urchin using its tube feet to grab vegetation to hold on. 
 
I never liked the taste of Diadema compared to Tripneustes, but they may 
be an acquired taste. 
 
Best wishes with your work. 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
On Mon, 8 Jul 1996, Nicolas Sosa wrote: 
 
> Here, in the Canary Islands, the sea urchin Diadema antillarum is extremely  
> abundant. In some places, a density greater than 10 individuals per square  
> meter has been reported. It is assumed (but not verified) that this is due  
> to overfishing of its natural predators.  
>  
> A group of students of the University of La Laguna would like to perform two  
> experiments: 
>  
> 1. Eliminate all the individuals in a well delimited zone, to monitor the  
> recolonization process. 
>  
> 2. Investigate commercial exploitation of the urchins. We plan to do some  
> biochemical, bacteriologic and toxicologic analysis as well as biometric  
> measures (i.e. gonadosomatic index, etc). We think of possible uses like  
> food for humans or for fish in aquaculture. 
>  
> Does anybody have any experience with this kind of experiments with urchins? 
>  
> Any help would be greatly appreciated 
>  
> Many thanks in advance 
>  
> Nicolas Sosa 
> Universidad de La Laguna 
> nsg@iac.es 
> Tel: 34 22 60 53 21 
> FAx: 34 22 60 52 10 
>  
>  
 
 
------------------------------ 
 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
Date: Wed, 10 Jul 1996 21:51:38 -0400 (EDT) 
Subject: Re: marbio: Diadema antillarum 
 
Just wondering if there are any other areas in the Atlantic/Caribbean  
with sizeable populations of Diadema.  Just spent 10 days diving around  
the Miskito Cays of Nicaragua and I didn't see any.  Lots of algae and no  
urchins seemed to be the general condition. 
 
Mike Marshall 
 
------------------------------ 
 
End of marbio-digest V1 #209 
**************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 11 17:26:48 1996 
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Date: Thu, 11 Jul 1996 17:12:46 -0400 
To: CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List), 
        environment-L@cornell.edu (Env-L List), eon@world.std.com, 
        Land-and-Water@FAO.ORG 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: USGCRP July17th Seminar: "Greenhouse Concerns: Lessons from the Past" 
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                U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
                             Greenhouse Concerns: Lessons from the Past 
 
What  geological insights do the records of climate change provide 
regarding the potential influence on climate of the increases in greenhouse 
gas concentrations?  How well do we understand what has caused past changes 
in climate?  How well do models reproduce these past climate changes?  What 
do these studies tell us about how sensitive the climate is to changes in 
the composition of the atmosphere? 
 
                                                       Public Invited 
 
 
                                  Wednesday July 17, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                                  Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B354 
                                                  Reception Following 
                                  Please Note the Change in Room Location 
 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Dr. Herman Zimmerman, Program Director for Paleoclimatology, National 
Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Thomas J. Crowley, Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, 
College Station, TX  -  Title: "Greenhouse Lessons from the Geologic 
Record" 
 
Dr. Eric Barron, Director of the Earth System Science Center, Pennsylvania 
State University, College Park, PA  -  Title: "Climate Sensitivity: A 
Perspective from Paleoclimate Model Applications" 
 
                                                         Overview 
 
The importance of studying Earth History stems from the unique insights 
that can be drawn.  Such studies can document the natural climate and its 
rates of change and variability prior to human activity; can be used to 
estimate the sensitivity of the Earth's climate system to changes in carbon 
dioxide, volcanic eruptions, and changes in the land surface; can be used 
to test the reliability of climate models by evaluating their simulations 
for conditions very different from the modern climate;  and can be used to 
examine the integrated climate, chemical, and biological responses of the 
Earth to a variety of perturbations.  Studies of Earth system history are 
best done by combining and reconciling the findings from observational and 
analytical studies with integrating studies using numerical models of the 
climate. 
 
                                               Paleoclimate Observations 
 
The geological history of the Earth provides strong evidence that climate 
has changed on time scales of decades to millions of years.  Understanding 
this history can provide a basis for evaluating projections of climate 
change due to anthropogenic greenhouse perturbations and provide a context 
for human influences amongst the archive of natural perturbations of 
climate.  Dr. Crowley will provide examples of how climate has changed on a 
variety of timescales and will highlight some of the lessons that can, and 
have, been learned by examining past records of climate change.  For 
example, projections of warming for the next century suggest that 
temperatures will approach levels that have not occurred in many millions 
of years.  The rapidity of this projected warming is greater than has 
occurred in the past and will lead to a very different climate state than 
exists today.  The Earth's geological record also suggests that changes in 
the atmospheric concentrations of CO2 have contributed significantly to 
past climate changes, underscoring the importance of the role of CO2 in 
determining the climate state. 
 
                                                    Paleoclimate Models 
 
Two aspects of the study of Earth history with models (referred to as 
paleoclimatic modeling) are particularly valuable.  First, comparison of 
climate model simulations of past climatic periods with geologic data 
suggest that for some variables (e.g., storm tracks) the climate models 
evidently yield robust predictions even for conditions very different from 
the present day climate.  For other variables, such as regional 
precipitation, the model predictions are not yet representing the estimated 
regional patterns that have been developed from the geological record. 
Second, a variety of past climatic periods can be utilized as "case 
studies" of climate sensitivity.  For these cases, the consistency of the 
estimates of climate sensitivity to carbon dioxide variations described in 
the recent IPCC Second Assessment report are comparable to the 
sensitivities required to explain the geologic record.  In other words, the 
geologic record offers the opportunity to assess some of the limitations 
and strengths of climate model predictions, as well as to assess climate 
sensitivity to changes such as increases in greenhouse gases.  While 
uncertainties exist, in each case analyzed to date, the geologic record 
suggests that the mid to upper range of climate sensitivity given by the 
IPCC report is most reasonable. 
 
                                                           Biographies 
 
Dr. Thomas J. Crowley has held a number of positions in paleoclimatology: 
assistant professor at the University of Missouri - St. Louis, program 
director in climate dynamics at the National Science Foundation, National 
Research Council Fellow at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, senior 
scientist for the Applied Research Corporation, and most recently Professor 
of Oceanography at Texas A&M University.  Although his early work involved 
the study of the North Atlantic Ocean circulation during the last ice age, 
he has subsequently become interested in the effects of the movement of 
continents on climate, both from a modeling and observational viewpoint. 
Dr. Crowley has also been involved in several studies synthesizing 
paleoclimate data, especially with respect to its relevance to better 
understanding future climate projections due to the anthropogenic 
greenhouse perturbation.  He is the author of a number of articles on past 
climates and is co-author of a recent book on the subject.  Dr. Crowley 
received his Ph.D. in marine geology from Brown University in 1976. 
 
Dr. Eric Barron is Professor of Geosciences and Director of the Earth 
System Science Center at Pennsylvania State University in College Park PA. 
He also serves as chair of the Climate Research Committee of the National 
Research Council, chair of the National Science Foundation Advisory 
Committee on Earth System History, and editor of Global and Planetary 
Change. Dr. Barron has degrees in geology from Florida State University and 
in oceanography and climate from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and 
Atmospheric Sciences at the University of Miami. He has been awarded the 
Smith Prize (University of Miami), the Wilson Research Award and the 
Provost's Award for Innovation in Teaching (PSU), and is a fellow of the 
American Geophysical Union. Dr. Barron served as Chair of the U. S. Global 
Change Research Program's Forum on Global Change Modeling held in October 
1994. 
 
 
                   The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, September 16, 1996 
 
                       Watch the USGCRP home page for information on the topic. 
 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Dr. Anthony D. Socci, U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 12 14:01:42 1996 
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X-Mailis: C87 
From: pecheux@eureka.meta.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: BLEACHING SIGNS IN PANAMA 
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After the 8 ICRS, I collected large 
foraminifers in the Caribbean coast of 
Panama at Maria Chiquita and Isla Grande 
, 80 and 60km west from San Blas. 
Strong shell abnormalities were  
observed in Amphistegina, Heterostegina, 
and Sorites (diatom and Symbiodinium 
symbionts). Abnormalities are worldwide 
associated with mass bleaching (Hallock 
team work, my Review on Reef Bleaching) 
due to CO2 rise as I presented  
evidences. Such abnormalities were 
unknown in sub-present and geological  
time apart the Cretaceous/Tertiary 
boundary. 
Cheers 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 12 16:42:08 1996 
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Date: Fri, 12 Jul 1996 10:25:31 -1000 (HST) 
From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Fiji Coral Reef Symposium 
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Symposium on Coral Reef during IYOR at the VIII Pacific Science  
Inter-Congress in Fiji 
 
One of the major scientific events during the International Year of the  
Reef (IYOR) is a joint symposium of the Pacific Science Association's  
Scientific Committee on Coral Reefs (PSA-SCCR) and the 1997 Annual  
Meeting of the International Society of Reef Studies (ISRS) in Suva,  
Fiji, at the VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress, 13-19 July 1997.  This  
coral-reef symposium will take place one year after the launching of the  
IYOR at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama. 
 
Among IYOR projects which are already scheduled for presentation at the 
Inter-Congress in Fiji are the results of the PSA-SCCR assessment of the 
state of the coral reefs in teh Pacific, a project funded by the U.S.  
Department of State's (DOS) International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI).  
Ten representatives of regions in the Pacific will present papers that 
will be published in a book on the status of reefs in the Pacific; the 
publication is being funded by the University of Hawaii Sea Grant Program.  
This book should be available at the symposium in Fiji.  A complementary 
project called GLOCOR (Global Coral Reef Assessment), funded by a Winslow 
Foundation grant, will also be presented at the symposium.  A major focus 
of GLOCOR is to resurvey the quantative transects which were surveyed 
decades ago in order to quantitatively assess changes in Pacific reefs 
over the past decades.  
 
Contributed papers on all aspects of coral-reef science are welcome, but  
we are extending a special invitation to papers in which examples are  
given for successful management programs for coral-reef resources.  We  
feel that the most effective method of promoting wise managment of reef  
resources is not by outlining steps to take (telling people what to do)  
or giving alarming news about the state of the reefs.  Rather, we urge  
the demonstration of case histories of methods which have proven  
successful, such as the well know results of marine reserves at Apo and  
Sumilon Islands in the Philippines. 
 
For comparative observations, dive excursions are planned on one-day  
field trips in or near Suva Bay and Beqa Reef. 
 
To obtain the Second Circular for the VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress 
including registration forms, abstract forms, information on accom- 
modation, due dates, and field trips, please contact:  
 
VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress Secretariat 
School of Pure and Applied Sciences 
The University of the South Pacific 
P.O. Box 1168 
Suva, Fiji 
 
FAX:  (679) 314-007 
e-mail:  psa@usp.ac.fj [best means of communication] 
 
Web site for the Inter-Congress is:  http://www.usp.ac.fj/~psa 
 
Participants intending to present a paper or poster are required to  
submit abstract(s) to the Secretariat by January 1997.  In order that  
we may organize the symposium, please also send a copy of the abstract to: 
 
Dr. Charles Birkeland              Dr. Richard W. Grigg 
UOG Marine Laboratory              Department of Oceanography 
University of Guam                 1000 Pope Road 
Mangilao, Guam 96923               Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 
 
FAX (671) 734-6767                 FAX (1) 808-956-9225 
 
e-mail: birkelan@uog9.uog.edu      e-mail: rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Jul 13 22:13:44 1996 
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Date: Sat, 13 Jul 1996 18:36:04 -0700 (PDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: Middle Eastern NGOs 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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We are interested in establishing a relationship with NGOs or academic 
institutions in the Middle East for the purpose of drafting educational 
materials related to the importance of coral reef ecosystems in the Middle 
East and means to protect these resources.  It is envisioned that said 
materials would be distributed to tourists, divers, members of the aquarium 
industry and others who may have an adverse impact on reefs.  In the long 
term, we also hope to work with Middle Eastern NGOs and academics on 
curriculum materials for schools in the region. 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620					 
WWW site: http://nceet.snre.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
				 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 15 03:12:45 1996 
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 Sun, 14 Jul 96 23:51:18 PDT 
Date: Mon, 15 Jul 1996 14:43:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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TO:Coral List 
FROM:John McManus 
DATE:15 July 1996 
 
Could the author of the note on forans and bleaching dated 12 July please  
let us know who he or she was and leave and email address? 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W McManus 
ICLARM 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 15 12:31:38 1996 
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Message-ID: <n1374693212.5462@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 15 Jul 1996 11:13:14 -0500 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Bleaching Video? 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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                           Subject:                         Time:   11:58 AM 
                           Bleaching Video?                 Date:   7/15/96 
 
Does anyone have a bit of underwater video of coral bleaching that could be 
used (with full acknowledgment, of course) in an educational CD-ROM product 
being developed on the causes and consequences of El Nino?  The developers of 
the CD-ROM need a few seconds of underwater video.  The priorities are: 
 
1) bleached eastern Pacific reef 
2) bleached Pacific reef 
3) bleached Pocillopora or Porites corals 
4) any bleached reef 
 
Please let me know if you have something that you could provide. 
 
Thanks, 
 
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D. 
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210 
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603 
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073 
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 16 10:36:24 1996 
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From: LizMat@aol.com 
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1996 10:09:36 -0400 
Date: Tue, 16 Jul 1996 10:09:36 -0400 
Message-ID: <960716100936_361213305@emout07.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Bibliography 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
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Hello, everyone.  
 
I am compiling a comprehensive bibliography of coral reef related research 
for the GreenLife Society as part of the International Year of the Reef. 
 We're looking for citations of published articles that you have written 
about coral, reefs and their associated biota.  We would like to make this as 
complete as possible - so all fields and aspects of reef research will be 
included.  Our goal is to make this bibliography useful for scientists, 
management people, and researchers in other fields (law, policy, etc.).  I 
hope you will contribute. 
 
Please send your citations along with 3 or 4 keywords, and complete 
bibliographic info to me via e-mail, fax or regular old mail.  Abstracts are 
helpful to us in the sorting of material, but will not be included in the 
final bibliography.  Any suggestions of other articles to include - 
especially those of historical (last 50 years) or other particular interest - 
are most welcome.  
 
Thank you for your help.  
 
Liz Matthews 
565 Morgan Avenue 
Brooklyn, NY 11222 USA 
 
Lizmat@aol.com 
 
Fax: 212-286-0819 
 
             
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 16 13:37:19 1996 
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Date: Tue, 16 Jul 1996 10:02:02 -0700 (PDT) 
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To: LizMat@aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: Re: Coral Reef Bibliography 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
Liz: 
 
Looks great.  However, we have decided to conduct this project as a discrete 
project of GreenLife; thus, when we refer to IYOR in the future it should be 
"as part of GreenLife's contribution to the International Year of the Reef 
campaign."  We should get some good responses from this.  If people make 
inquiries about IYOR itself, refer them to Stephen Colwell at the Coral Reef 
Alliance: coralreefa@aol.com 
 
 
At 10:09 AM 7/16/96 -0400, LizMat@aol.com wrote: 
>Hello, everyone.  
> 
>I am compiling a comprehensive bibliography of coral reef related research 
>for the GreenLife Society as part of the International Year of the Reef. 
> We're looking for citations of published articles that you have written 
>about coral, reefs and their associated biota.  We would like to make this as 
>complete as possible - so all fields and aspects of reef research will be 
>included.  Our goal is to make this bibliography useful for scientists, 
>management people, and researchers in other fields (law, policy, etc.).  I 
>hope you will contribute. 
> 
>Please send your citations along with 3 or 4 keywords, and complete 
>bibliographic info to me via e-mail, fax or regular old mail.  Abstracts are 
>helpful to us in the sorting of material, but will not be included in the 
>final bibliography.  Any suggestions of other articles to include - 
>especially those of historical (last 50 years) or other particular interest - 
>are most welcome.  
> 
>Thank you for your help.  
> 
>Liz Matthews 
>565 Morgan Avenue 
>Brooklyn, NY 11222 USA 
> 
>Lizmat@aol.com 
> 
>Fax: 212-286-0819 
> 
>             
> 
> 
> 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620					 
WWW site: http://nceet.snre.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
				 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 16 20:27:40 1996 
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Date: Tue, 16 Jul 1996 20:09:09 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: robert ginsburg <rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: Coral Reef Bibliography 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Dear readers of the List Server: 
 
        This is to explain that this request is not a part of the 
International Year of the Reef. 
 
 
Robert N. Ginsburg 
Chairperson, IYOR Research 
 
 
 
 
>From: LizMat@aol.com 
>Date: Tue, 16 Jul 1996 10:09:36 -0400 
>To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
>Subject: Coral Reef Bibliography 
>Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> 
>Hello, everyone.  
> 
>I am compiling a comprehensive bibliography of coral reef related research 
>for the GreenLife Society as part of the International Year of the Reef. 
> We're looking for citations of published articles that you have written 
>about coral, reefs and their associated biota.  We would like to make this as 
>complete as possible - so all fields and aspects of reef research will be 
>included.  Our goal is to make this bibliography useful for scientists, 
>management people, and researchers in other fields (law, policy, etc.).  I 
>hope you will contribute. 
> 
>Please send your citations along with 3 or 4 keywords, and complete 
>bibliographic info to me via e-mail, fax or regular old mail.  Abstracts are 
>helpful to us in the sorting of material, but will not be included in the 
>final bibliography.  Any suggestions of other articles to include - 
>especially those of historical (last 50 years) or other particular interest - 
>are most welcome.  
> 
>Thank you for your help.  
> 
>Liz Matthews 
>565 Morgan Avenue 
>Brooklyn, NY 11222 USA 
> 
>Lizmat@aol.com 
> 
>Fax: 212-286-0819 
> 
>             
> 
> 
> 
> 
Robert N. Ginsburg, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 
University of Miami. 
Mail: University of Miami/RSMAS/MGG       Phone: (305) 361-4875 
	4600 Rickenbacker Cswy.           FAX:   (305) 361-4094  or 4632 
	Miami. FL 33149			  rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 16 23:28:55 1996 
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Date: Tue, 16 Jul 1996 19:43:05 -0700 (PDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: Apologies 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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X-Status:  
 
Our apologies for any confusion engendered by our message, re: our coral 
reef bibliography project.  We are conducting this project as a contribution 
to the International Year of the Reef campaign.  However, we are NOT members 
of IYOR.   
 
Inquries about IYOR should be directed to Stephen Colwell of the Coral Reef 
Alliance: coralreefa@aol.com 
 
Thanks. 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620					 
WWW site: http://nceet.snre.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
				 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 18 09:05:59 1996 
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	on Thu, 18 Jul 1996 07:46:46 -0500 id HAA22318 with SMTP  
Message-Id: <2.2.32.19960718134658.00673f5c@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
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Date: Thu, 18 Jul 1996 07:46:58 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
Greetings-- 
 
Could I ask those who have responded (and those planning to respond) to the 
message below to also send me a copy of your citations? I will be using them 
for my own research and will also include them in the bibliography of my 
natural history book about coral reefs (Wiley Press, 1998). 
 
Thanks, Osha 
 
PS: I am not affiliated with EITHER GreenLife OR IYOR 
PPS: Thanks to all those who endured my interviews at the ICRS--it was a 
tremendously helpful start to a rather daunting project! 
 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 South Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52242 
USA 
 
Ph: (319) 338-4778 
Fax: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
 
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
I am compiling a comprehensive bibliography of coral reef related research 
for the GreenLife Society as part of the International Year of the Reef. 
 We're looking for citations of published articles that you have written 
about coral, reefs and their associated biota.  We would like to make this as 
complete as possible - so all fields and aspects of reef research will be 
included. Our goal is to make this bibliography useful for scientists, 
management people, and researchers in other fields (law, policy, etc.).  I 
hope you will contribute. 
 
Please send your citations along with 3 or 4 keywords, and complete 
bibliographic info to me via e-mail, fax or regular old mail.  Abstracts are 
helpful to us in the sorting of material, but will not be included in the 
final bibliography.  Any suggestions of other articles to include - 
especially those of historical (last 50 years) or other particular interest - 
are most welcome.  
 
Thank you for your help.  
 
Liz Matthews 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Jul 18 09:09:35 1996 
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Thu, 18 Jul 1996 09:09:26 -0400 (EDT) 
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Date: Thu, 18 Jul 1996 08:54:30 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Archived bleaching/spawning events 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960718084936.8921A-100000@coral> 
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The archived list of coral bleaching and spawning events, which were 
destroyed in a system crash, have been restored to the CHAMP Web Page.  If 
you observe any incidences of these events, or if you have any records 
which you would like included in the online archives, please let me know 
and I will include them in the lists; or, post them to this list-server. 
 
Thanks for your help and cooperation. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	coral-list administrator 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 19 10:19:15 1996 
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Date: Fri, 19 Jul 1996 09:56:38 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960719094744.10621A-100000@coral> 
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An official description of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network 
(GCRMN), including offical contacts, has been posted at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/gcrmn.html 
 
and may also be reached through the "Miscellaneous coral-related themes or 
projects" link at the CHAMP Home Page at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov. 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
 
Dr Clive Wilkinson 
Coordinator, Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network 
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science 
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE MC 4810 
AUSTRALIA 
Tel: +61 77 534 372 or +61 77 724 314 
Fax: +61 77 722 808 or +61 77 725 852 
e-mail: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au 
 
or 
 
Dr John McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 
MCPO Box 2631 
0718 MAKATI, Metro Manila 
PHILIPPINES 
Tel: +63 2 818 0466 or +63 2 817 5255 
Fax: +63 2 816 3183 
e-mail: j.mcmanus@cgnet.com 
 
 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway                            | 
| Miami, Florida  33149-1026                            | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 19 10:24:31 1996 
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Date: Fri, 19 Jul 1996 10:07:09 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Apologies re: GCRMN 
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Sorry, the GCRMN is part of the International Coral Reef Initiative; 
hence, it is also listed at the ICRI Chronology Page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/icri/icri.html 
 
 
	jch 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 19 11:24:29 1996 
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Date: Fri, 19 Jul 1996 11:03:26 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Reef Awareness Week 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960719110222.10863A-100000@coral> 
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In response to several enquiries concerning the Reef Awareness Week in the 
Florida Keys, I have posted the information at the CHAMP bulletins page: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/bulls.html 
 
 
	jch 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 19 13:51:28 1996 
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Date: 19 Jul 96 13:32:47 EDT 
From: Harry McCarty <73261.2212@compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: coral disease outbreak 
Message-ID: <960719173246_73261.2212_FHO63-3@CompuServe.COM> 
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Dear Colleagues, 
 
During the post-8th International Coral Reef Symposium field trip to 
the eastern Caribbean region of Panama 3-5 July 1996, Esther Peters 
and Jim Porter observed an extensive outbreak of yellow-blotch disease 
(YBD) on Montastraea spp.  This disease, also known as yellow-band 
disease, was discovered off Key West, Florida, by Craig Quirolo 
(Underwater USA, 11(8):15, 1994), and has appeared on only a few 
colonies of M. faveolata there.  Monitoring of this disease is 
continuing in the Keys (C. Quirolo) and histopathological and 
microbiological studies were recently initiated on samples from the 
Keys (Deborah Santavy and Esther Peters).  Similar signs of disease 
have been observed occasionally on colonies of M. faveolata elsewhere, 
but on reefs off the Salar Islands group approximately three-quarters 
of the largest (100-300 years old) M. faveolata colonies were affected 
by YBD.  Disease signs were seen less often on smaller colonies and 
on colonies of M. annularis.  YBD is characterized by: 
 
*  Circular to irregularly-shaped patches or wide streaks of lightened 
   tissue, occurring in no particular pattern on the surface of the 
   colony. 
 
*  Color of affected tissue is yellowish, not pale brown to bright 
   white as occurs in the condition known as coral bleaching, although 
   we found a few bright white bleached patches adjacent to yellowish 
   ones (Tissues are translucent and histologically symbiotic algae 
   remain in affected tissues, although reduced in number). 
 
*  Affected tissues otherwise appear normal. 
 
*  The lightened patches frequently, but not always, are adjacent to 
   or forming a perimeter around algal/sediment accumulations on dead 
   coral skeleton.  The algal/sediment accumulation is immediately 
   adjacent to living tissue, no "band" of clean, denuded, skeleton is 
   apparent. 
 
We are interested in learning more about the incidence and prevalence 
of this disease in the western tropical Atlantic and in collaborating 
on further studies to investigate its etiology.  We would appreciate 
learning of your observations.  Please send reports to Esther Peters 
at 73261.2212@compuserve.com.  THANK YOU! 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 22 12:45:31 1996 
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Date: Mon, 22 Jul 1996 11:16:38 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: COTS 
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Greetings--I have a question for list-servers who care to step into this old 
debate: I've been surveying much of the back-and-forth debate in the 
literature on Crown-of-Thorns starfish (Acanthaster Planci), about whether 
its spread was due to anthropogenic causes and whether reefs can recover 
from A. planci devastation in a relatively short time (i.e., within a decade 
or so). Is there any emerging consensus on these questions or are they still 
in the "needs more research" category? 
        Thanks for any comments. 
Osha Gray Davidson 
Center for International and Comparative Studies 
University of Iowa, USA 
davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Jul 24 07:15:52 1996 
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Date: Wed, 24 Jul 1996 06:49:13 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: CORAL BLEACHING IN VANUATU 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 23 Jul 96 08:51:01 GMT 
From: Coral Cay Conservation <ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Jim Hendee 
 
CORAL HEALTH & MONITORING PROGRAMME 
 
REF: CORAL BLEACHING - VANUATU 
 
I have recently returned from undertaking a preliminary assessment of reefs 
at Vanuatu, as part of an EU-funded development project. 
 
I was able to dive three locations: 
 
     Port Vila Harbour, Efate Island 
     Maskeline Islands, SE Malekula Island 
     Dixon Reef, W Malekula Island 
 
Reefs at all three locations showed some level of coral bleaching (most 
notably Acropora sp.).  Bleeching was most severe (50% of coral cover) 
along reefs west of Port Vila. 
 
Regards, 
 
 
Peter Raines 
Director 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Jul 26 10:25:15 1996 
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Date: Fri, 26 Jul 1996 09:59:46 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: bleaching in Philippines (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960726094859.4322A-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 26 Jul 1996 08:03:39 +0800 
From: CEMRINO <cemrino@klink.com.ph> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: bleaching in Philippines 
 
Dear Dr. Hendee, 
 
	Pete Raines at Coral Cay in London said you would be interested in 
any observations of bleaching.  I have been in the Philippines for a year, 
and not seen anything but a few scattered background bleached colonies 
until just this week.  We have just a few, mostly massives- I've noticed 
mostly massive Porites, a couple Playgyra, someone else has noticed some 
Favids.  Last week the water seemed particularly warm, this week cool due 
to clouds and rain.  We have no thermometers or hydrometers, but Coral Cay 
on Danjugan does. 
 
-Doug Fenner   Center for the Establishment of Marine Reserves, Dumaguete, 
Negros Oriental, Philippines. 
Centre for the Establishment of Marine Reserves in Negros Oriental 
(CEMRINO) 
109 San Jose Extension 
Dumaguete City 6200 
Negros Oriental 
Philippines 
Tel:  (+63 35) 225 3961 
Fax:  (+63 35) 225 5563 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Jul 29 08:07:28 1996 
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Date: Mon, 29 Jul 1996 13:45:47 +0200 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Alexis Feinard <Alexis.Feinard@univ-lille1.fr> 
Subject: Studentships 
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              I am currently working on molecular ecology of the red algae 
with Dr         Christophe Destombe and Dr Myriam Valero at the University 
of Lille, France.  
        As a post-graduate student, I would like to find a PhD on algae in 
Europe with the         financial support of a MAST III grant (MArine 
Sciences and Technologies research         program ) or with the financial 
support of a french grant for international         mobility . 
        I am interested in Field and Molecular Ecology of algae and also 
cultivated               seaweeds biology. 
        I would be grateful if somebody could give me any information that 
may help me. 
 
 
 
Thank you in advance for any assistance you can offer. 
Alexis Feinard, 
Gntique et Evolution des populations vgtales, 
USTL, 
59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, 
France 
 
TEL :20436748 
FAX : 20436979 
E-mail : Alexis.Feinard@univ-lille1.fr 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Jul 30 22:50:33 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <ecosense@popmail.cura.net> 
From: "EcoSense" <ecosense@cura.net> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Tue, 30 Jul 1996 21:53:15 -04:0 
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Subject: Spawning Alert Southern Caribbean 
Priority: normal 
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 Coral reef spawning alert for the Southern Caribbean 1996 
  
Potential spawning dates for the Southern Caribbean (Aruba, Bonaire  
& Curacao): 
  
31 August - 2 September & 29 September - 1 October 1996 
14.00 - 17.30 pm: Neofibularia nolitangere - Do Not Touch Me Sponge 
  
3 - 5 September & 2 - 4 October 1996 
19.00 - 24.00 pm: Mass spawning of corals and other reef organisms 
(see list below): 
  
Species observed spawning during these periods on Curacao, Aruba and 
Bonaire between 1991 and 1995: 
Echinodermata: 
Echinometra viridis; Eucidaris tribuloides;Ophioderma rubicundum; Ophioderma appressum 	 
Gorgonia: 
Plexaura spp., Pseudoterogorgia spp. 
Polychaeta: 
Spirobrancus giganteus, Anamobaea orstedii 
Mollusca: 
Lima scaba 
Scleractinia: 
Diploria clivosa, Diploria strigosa, Eusmilia fastigiata, Madracis mirabilis, Montastrea annularis complex, 
Montastrea cavernosa (male & female), Siderastrea siderea (male & female), Stephanocoenia michillini Spongia:	
	Ircinia campana 
  
Spawning observations in 1996 on Curacao: 
Sponges (spicula identification is pending): 
March 3, 1996: Aplysina archeri, 16.00 h., 3 individuals 
July 14, 1996: ?Pseudoceratina crassa (Yellow variety), 14.30 h., 1 
individual July 21, 1996: ?Diplastrella spp., 14.00 h., 1 individual  
EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
PO Box 3187 
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug  1 08:34:46 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Updated Jobs-List 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960801080806.20252A-100000@coral> 
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There have been several updates to the Employment Listings at the CHAMP 
Home Page, including a couple of openings in the Florida Keys and a couple 
of resumes.  The URL is: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/jobs/jobs.html 
 
 
Hope this helps! 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	JCH 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug  1 16:51:48 1996 
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Date: Thu, 1 Aug 1996 16:37:01 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: coral spawning 
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I am expecting Acropora palmata (and possibly A. cervicornis) to spawn on 
one or more nights of August 2 - 4th, from 10 - 11 pm.  Diploria strigosa 
might also spawn this month but probably a few nights later and earlier in 
the evening  (9 - 10 pm).  I am not expecting Montastraeas to spawn, but 
would welcome observations August 4 - 6th, 10 pm -12 am.  If anyone observes 
spawning by any of these species I would greatly appreciate it if you could 
either notify me (information in my signature) or post it on Coral-List. 
Types of observations that are important and useful include:  percent of 
population spawning, patterns of within-colony spawning, multiple night 
observations of individual colonies (whether individual colonies spawn more 
than once, and if so, is it the same part of the colony each night), 
detailed description of colony morphology (for species such as A cervicornis 
and A prolifera:  same or different spawning patterns?;  also for Montastraeas). 
 
Many thanks! 
 
Alina Szmant 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug  2 10:34:00 1996 
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Date: Fri, 2 Aug 1996 10:00:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: Re: coral spawning 
In-Reply-To: <199608012037.QAA26047@umigw.miami.edu> 
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In addition to any mention of spawning information Dr. Szmant has 
requested, it would be helpful to know any other supporting information 
you might have such as temperature, salinity, depth, time, sea-state, etc.  
 
	Many thanks... 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov        | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug  3 15:40:15 1996 
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Date: Sat, 3 Aug 1996 15:42:27 -0300 
From: Mabel Augustowski <mabel@usp.br> 
Message-Id: <199608031842.PAA49388@spider.uspnet.usp.br> 
To: LizMat@aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re:  Coral Reef Bibliography 
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Hello, Liz, 
Your compilation will be very useful to me, please forward it when you  
finish. I am specially interested in reef research methodologies.   
Thanks, 
  
Mabel. 
 
Mabel Augustowski 
Research Leader 
Parque Estadual da Ilha Anchieta 
C.P. 204 - Ubatuba, SP 
Brasil 
e-mail: mabel@usp.br 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug  5 08:54:26 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Bleaching information (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 2 Aug 1996 15:02:03 +0500 (GMT) 
From: Posg. Biol. arina - Unal/Invemar <pbiomar@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Bleaching information 
 
Santa Marta, August 2nd of 1996 
 
 
Dear Doctor, 
 
In the last months of 1995 a coral-bleaching event was detected along the 
Caribbean region. We have monitored the extension of this phenomenon in 
the Santa Marta area, and the recovery of some of the affected colonies. 
We found an interesting relation between the event and the high in situ 
temperatures. We are interested in obtaining information about  this 
phenomenon in your area in terms of date of the beggining, affected 
species, percent of coral cover affected, recovery of colonies, and 
possibly associated factors.  Any information will be welcome at this adress: 
 
 
Gabriel R. Navas S. 
Universidad Nacional de Colombia-INVEMAR 
Punta de Betin 
Apartado Aereo 1016 
Santa Marta 
Colombia 
Sur America 
 
Tels: (57)(954)214774 
      (57)(954)214775 
      (57)(954)211380 
 
Fax:  (57)(954)211377 
 
e-mail: pbiomar@santamarta.cetcol.net.co 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
 
Gabriel R. Navas S. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug  5 18:23:44 1996 
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Date: Mon, 5 Aug 1996 18:08:34 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: Acropora spawning 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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We did observe Acropora palmata spawning the night of Aug. 2nd, with bundle 
formation from ca. 10 pm to 10:45 pm, and bundle release for ca. 30 after 
that.   The night of Aug. 3rd we some spawning but very minor compared to 
the nite before.  We welcome learning of observations by others, especially 
whether anyone observed spawning by this species on Aug. 1st. 
 
Alina Szmant 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  6 10:08:57 1996 
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Date: Tue, 6 Aug 1996 09:17:15 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral bleaching in Belize 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960806091609.26720A-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded bleaching information: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 01 Aug 96 15:32:20 GMT 
From: Coral Cay Conservation <ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk 
Subject: Coral bleaching 
 
Dear Jim, 
 
My colleague Peter Raines has passed on your correspondence regarding 
coral bleaching and asked me to send you CCC's bleaching records from 
Belize. 
 
Through our baseline survey work we have a number of records of bleaching 
but the data are rather qualitative. From personal observations I have 
seen a number of bleached colonies on Turneffe Atoll. However, we did one 
limited quantitative study which gave the following results from Calabash 
Cay, Turneffe Atoll: 
 
Agaricia lamarcki (3 normal, 9 partially bleached, 0 completely bleached) 
Meandrina meandrites (30, 6, 7) 
Siderastrea siderea (36, 0, 0) 
Stephanocoenia michelenii (7, 0, 0) 
Agaricia agaricites (1, 0, 2) 
 
This survey was done along the top of the escarpment (around 15m) in 
October 1994. The water temperature was 29.5 deg C (surface) and 29 at 
40m. These temperatures are typical for this area. 
 
As I am sure you are aware CARICOMP have more detailed information on 
bleaching in Belize. 
 
I hope this information is useful and please do not hesitate to contact 
me again for further details, 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Alastair Harborne 
Science Coordinator. 
-- 
Coral Cay Conservation Ltd.  154 Clapham Park Road, London, SW4 7DE, UK. 
Tel: +44 (0)71 498 6248      Fax: +44 (0)71 498 8447 
E-Mail: ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk 
WWW:    http://www.demon.co.uk/coralcay/home.html 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug  6 14:13:02 1996 
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Date: Tue, 06 Aug 1996 11:36:40 -0400 
From: Peter Collison <STRI01.NAOS.COLLISOP@ic.si.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject:  Permanent transects.quadrapods 
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Dear All 
 
Does anyone out there know anything on the construction of uw camera 
frames forquantitave quadrat photography? There was an excellent 
design for a 0.5m2 frame in Coyer and Witman....but I do not have the 
book.  
 
Any info would be excellent 
 
Many thanks 
 
Peter Collinson 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug  9 21:13:53 1996 
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From: CoralReefA@aol.com 
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Date: Fri, 9 Aug 1996 20:54:05 -0400 
Message-ID: <960809205405_596094784@emout12.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: IYOR Update 
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Dear IYOR and Coral List Participants 
 
This is an update about the International Year of the Reef (IYOR) 
It is divided into several categories: 
1. Background on IYOR and Frequently Asked Questions 
2. Brief description of formal launch of IYOR at the Panama ISRS Symposium 
3. Coming Events (by country/region) and Resources 
4.  Contact addresses for further infromation. 
As always, we encourage (constructive) comments, revisions etc.  Please 
remember to use the listserver only if you message is of general interest 
(otherwise send indivdual messages). 
Thanks for your interest in IYOR. 
All the best, 
Sue Wells 
Robert Ginsburg 
Vanessa Guest 
Stephen Colwell 
  
            NEWS OF THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF, 1997 
 
For those not familiar with the goals of IYOR, this is a major effort in 
capacity building for reef management, outreach and education, research on 
reef degradation and its causes, assessment of reef condition and 
sustainable reef management.  It will provide a global context for national 
and regional efforts and will promote collaboration between organisations 
and programmes with common interests, providing an umbrella for a wide 
variety of reef-related activities in research, education, management, 
tourism etc.   
  
IYOR is not a top-down organisation with a large central office; it is 
instead  a grass-roots effort with emphasis on regional and local 
initiatives, and 
is relying on individuals and groups to achieve its aims.  Groups are 
encouraged to establish their own committees and develop initiatives 
appropriate to their locations. IYOR groups have been formed or are being 
formed in several parts of the world already (see below).  Suggestions for 
organizing a committee appear in the current issue of Reef Encounter.   
 
Updates on IYOR activities will be provided from time to time on relevant 
List Servers.  At this time, IYOR does not have a full-time resource person 
to answer all inquiries, but our volunteer leaders will do their best to 
answer questions and provide advice.  Most of us will be away for extended 
periods during August and thus there will be delays in responding.  The 
IYOR Web page is being updated and hotlinks to other relevant Web pages are 
being created; contact Stephen Colwell for further information (address 
below). 
 
           FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF IYOR IN PANAMA 
 
IYOR was formally announced at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 
in Panama, at the end of June this year.  Almost all of the 1400 
participants,from numerous countries, including most of the world's leading 
reef scientists signed the IYOR Pledge of support for conservation, 
education and assessments of reef condition.   
 
An IYOR booth attracted continuous attention throughout the meeting, and  
distributed a range of materials.  A press event attracted television 
stations, magazines and newspapers and IYOR received good coverage in Latin 
America and the Caribbean.  Copies of the press release are available from 
Stephen Colwell.  The handsome IYOR logo designed by the Scripps Institute 
was a big hit with participants as it appeared on buttons and a T-shirt. 
Organisations wishing to use the logo in connection with IYOR activities 
should ask for an application form from one of the people listed below.  An 
English leaflet on IYOR has been produced and is being distributed. Further 
print-runs in other languages, as well as country- and region-specific 
versions, are being planned. 
 
IYOR was designated a sanctioned activity of the International Coral Reef 
Initiative (ICRI) and assigned responsibility for public awareness of the 
Initiative's 1997 Program.  
 
The all-day IYOR Symposium on rapid assessments of benthos and fishes and 
various impacts was well received.  Some 20 researchers from around the 
Western Atlantic met during the symposium and enthusiastically endorsed the 
idea of assessing the condition of reefs remote from centres of population. 
 Information on this inititiative, termed WARRS (Western Atlantic Remote 
Reef Survey) will be 
posted on the Coral List Server. 
 
Two meetings of those interested in education were well attended and the 
participants voiced strong support for developing a clearing house with 
information on all available teaching aids (see below). 
 
IYOR-related activities also promoted at Panama included: 
 
ReefBase, the global database on coral reefs, now available from ICLARM on 
CD-Rom together with a comprehensive manual.  For information contact John 
McManus, J.MCMANUS@CGNET.COM 
 
The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCMRN) was launched and is 
developing plans for a network of  monitoring sites worldwide.  Information 
brochure available from Clive Wilkinson: C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au  
 
A poster map of the world's coral reef and mangroves, prepared by the World 
Conservation Monitoring Centre, is available in English or Spanish from 
Alastair Grenfell: a.grenfell@wcmc.org.uk 
 
                        COMING EVENTS: 
 
INTERNATIONAL 
 
October,1996 Montreal:   A special session on IYOR, ICRI and coral reefs is 
being organized at the World Conservation Congress by IUCN - The World 
Conservation Union.  Further information from Paul Holthus, IUCN Marine 
Program, e-mail: PFH@HQ.iucn.ch 
 
PACIFIC: 
 
The Pacific Year of the Reef (PYOR) will be launched on 11 February 1997.  
It is being led by the South Pacific Regional Environmental Program and to 
date 17 countries are participating; others are expected to join.  The PYOR 
slogan is "Coral Reefs: Their Health, Our Wealth".  National campaign plans 
are being developed.  An artwork competition is being held to design a 
logo, the deadline for entries being 1 October 1996.  Plans are also being 
made to produce a video for the campaign.  Further information from Lucille 
Overhoff e-mail: 
lucille@pactok.peg.apc.org 
 
The 8th Pacific Science Association's Intercongrress to be held in Fiji 
July 13-19,1997 will feature a full report on the status of coral reefs in 
the Pacific and the results of resurveys of reefs after some decades, both 
of which are central themes ofIYOR   Additional papers on IYOR themes are 
being solicited.  For information contact Dr. Charles Birkeland, UOG Marine 
Laboratory, Mangilao, Guam 36923 birkelan@uog9.uog.edu or Dr. Richard W. 
Grigg, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Mana, 1000 Pope 
Rd. Honolulu, Hawii, 96822  rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu 
 
UNITED STATES 
A wide variety of projects have been planned by government and 
non-governmental particpants in IYOR.  A recent meeting sponsored by NOAA and 
the AZA in Washington DC explored common themes for IYOR and allowed 
networking of many of the interested groups.  A summary of that meeting will 
be made available over the IYOR listserv when it is edited by NOAA.  These 
are a few of the events currently planned.   
 
Please describe your own plans on the IYOR listserv so that they can be added 
to the calendar of events that will be displayed on the IYOR Web Site: 
 www.coral.org/iyor/ 
 
September 1996: Hawaii launch: How zoos and aquariums can best participate in 
IYOR will be discussed at the AZA Annual meeting, sponsored by the Waikiki 
Aquarium.  A preview of the IYOR Coral Reef Photography Exhibition - 
organized by CORAL - will be presented at the Waikiki Aquarium. 
 
November 1996: Press Club - background briefing for science writers.  IYOR 
activities will be highlighted and information on the need for coral reef 
conservation will be distributed to correspondents from major newspapers, 
magazines and television stations to prepare them for IYOR; sponsored by NOAA 
and Baltimore Aquarium 
 
January 1997;  Inauguration of IYOR with a Gala (plans underway in Miami and 
San Francisco - other sites encouraged) 
 
January 1997: The IYOR them will be included at the DEMA dive show, in 
Orlando Florida 
 
1996/97: ongoing activities at National Aquarium, Baltimore; information 
from Chris Andrews e-mail: candrews@clark.net 
 
Other Aquariums: a number of aquariums are focusing on coral reef education 
and conservation during IYOR.  Individual aquariums (and zoos) are invited to 
discuss their plans on the IYOR listserv. 
 
Color calendar for 1997 IYORproduced by CORAL (Coral Reef Alliance) is 
available for immediate distribution; information on 
availability from Stephen Colwell address below. 
 
IYOR Coral Reef Photography Exhibition - a collection of underwater 
photographs by the world's top underwater photographers - will travel to 
major zoos and aquariums throughout 1997-98 - organized by CORAL  
 
Public Service Announcements - on redio and television are planned throughout 
1997 to raise the public awareness about IYOR and coral reefs. 
 
IYOR Poster contest for children will be held throughout the United States 
during IYOR. It will be coordinated by the AZA, The Waikiki Aquarium and 
other participating zoos and aquariums. 
 
 
UNITED KINGDOM 
 
September-November 1997: Natural History Museum/Coral Cay Conservation 
joint exhibition on coral reefs and children's educational weekend  
 
February 1997: UK launch at London Zoo, in conjunction with Sea Life 
Centres, with David Bellamy 
 
1997: BP/Birdlife International/Fauna and Flora International special award 
for coral reef expeditions 
 
BBC programme on coral reefs as part of forthcoming 'Oceans' series 
 
Other activities are being developed by the UK IYOR Committee.  Further  
information (as well as copies of the UK-IYOR newsletter) from Vanessa 
Guest e-mail 101341.16@CompuServe.COM and Liz Wood e-mail 
ewood@mail.globalnet.co.uk 
 
WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: 
 
An IYOR-affiliated Program to develop research and conservation initiatives 
for the Western Indian Ocean is being established in Kenya by Tim 
McClanahan with support from the Pew Charitable Trust.  It will be 
headquartered in Mombassa under the Cora Reef Conservation Project of The 
Wildlife Conservation Society and will focus on education-outreach and 
coordination of activities in the region and research on ways to restore 
degraded reefs and the effects  of multiple anthropogenic impacts. 
 
GERMANY 
 
October 1996: German Research Foundation meeting on 'Global and Regional 
Controls on Biogenic Information'; IYOR information will be distributed. 
Further information from Felix Gunkel e-mail: fgunkel@gwdg.de 
 
AUSTRALIA 
 
Programs being developed through Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 
Australian Marine Conservation Society, and University of Sydney. 
 
MEXICO 
 
Various activities underway, and plans for establishment of IYOR Mexican 
Committee. 
 
COLOMBIA 
 
Plans for establishment of IYOR committee underway. 
 
                            EDUCATION MATERIALS 
 
Several initiatives are underway to assemble information on existing 
materials and to produce new education and outreach materials through Steve 
Ladd, Coral Forest and the UK IYOR Committee.  This information will be made 
available through one of the Listservers shortly, and will also be 
distributed at the World Conservation Congress.. 
 
                            SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES 
 
Re-survey of reefs previously impacted by excess sediment -El Nido/Bacuit 
Bay, Philippines; September, 1996 led by Gregor Hodgson. 
 
Initial assessments of coral community condition, Bahamas Barrier Reef 
(Andros Island); July-August, 1996 led by William Kiene. 
 
Re-survey of coral community condition off Abaco Island, Bahamas studied 
some 30 years ago; September 1996; Robert Ginsburg and RSMAS colleagues  
 
A Workshop on research and conservation of coral reefs in the Western 
Indian Ocean will be held in late February, 1997 in Mombassa, Kenya. Futher 
information from Tim McClanahan, Coral Reef Conservation Project, The 
Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 99470, Mombassa, Kenya FAX: 254 
(11) 472215. 
 
Further information about IYOR from:  
 
Robert N. Ginsburg, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 
University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL 33149; Phone: 
(305) 361-4875;  FAX: (305) 361-4094  or 4632; 
rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu  
 
Stephen Colwell,  CORAL, 809 Delaware St, Berkeley CA 94710, Phone 
510-528-2492, Fax 510-528-9317; e-mail: IYOR1997@aol.com 
 
Vanessa Guest, IYOR-UK, Fax (44) 1326-316-836; e-mail: 
101341.16@compuserve.com 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Aug 10 13:00:48 1996 
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Date: Sat, 10 Aug 1996 09:07:40 -0700 (PDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Subject: Re: IYOR Update 
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IYOR looks like it's going to be a fantastic program, avoiding the 
do-nothing approach of some past "year of" campaigns, which has engendered 
cynicism about the efficacy of such campaigns in the past few years. 
However, distressfully absent so far are any outreach efforts in the Middle 
East, the site of some of the most important coral reef ecosystems from the 
perspective of biodiversity and degree of threat.  Hopefully, cooperation 
between IYOR participants and NGOs/governments/academic institutions in the 
region will be developed pursuant to the campaign. 
 
 
 
 
At 08:54 PM 8/9/96 -0400, CoralReefA@aol.com wrote: 
>Dear IYOR and Coral List Participants 
> 
>This is an update about the International Year of the Reef (IYOR) 
>It is divided into several categories: 
>1. Background on IYOR and Frequently Asked Questions 
>2. Brief description of formal launch of IYOR at the Panama ISRS Symposium 
>3. Coming Events (by country/region) and Resources 
>4.  Contact addresses for further infromation. 
>As always, we encourage (constructive) comments, revisions etc.  Please 
>remember to use the listserver only if you message is of general interest 
>(otherwise send indivdual messages). 
>Thanks for your interest in IYOR. 
>All the best, 
>Sue Wells 
>Robert Ginsburg 
>Vanessa Guest 
>Stephen Colwell 
>  
>            NEWS OF THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF, 1997 
> 
>For those not familiar with the goals of IYOR, this is a major effort in 
>capacity building for reef management, outreach and education, research on 
>reef degradation and its causes, assessment of reef condition and 
>sustainable reef management.  It will provide a global context for national 
>and regional efforts and will promote collaboration between organisations 
>and programmes with common interests, providing an umbrella for a wide 
>variety of reef-related activities in research, education, management, 
>tourism etc.   
>  
>IYOR is not a top-down organisation with a large central office; it is 
>instead  a grass-roots effort with emphasis on regional and local 
>initiatives, and 
>is relying on individuals and groups to achieve its aims.  Groups are 
>encouraged to establish their own committees and develop initiatives 
>appropriate to their locations. IYOR groups have been formed or are being 
>formed in several parts of the world already (see below).  Suggestions for 
>organizing a committee appear in the current issue of Reef Encounter.   
> 
>Updates on IYOR activities will be provided from time to time on relevant 
>List Servers.  At this time, IYOR does not have a full-time resource person 
>to answer all inquiries, but our volunteer leaders will do their best to 
>answer questions and provide advice.  Most of us will be away for extended 
>periods during August and thus there will be delays in responding.  The 
>IYOR Web page is being updated and hotlinks to other relevant Web pages are 
>being created; contact Stephen Colwell for further information (address 
>below). 
> 
>           FORMAL ANNOUNCEMENT OF IYOR IN PANAMA 
> 
>IYOR was formally announced at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium 
>in Panama, at the end of June this year.  Almost all of the 1400 
>participants,from numerous countries, including most of the world's leading 
>reef scientists signed the IYOR Pledge of support for conservation, 
>education and assessments of reef condition.   
> 
>An IYOR booth attracted continuous attention throughout the meeting, and  
>distributed a range of materials.  A press event attracted television 
>stations, magazines and newspapers and IYOR received good coverage in Latin 
>America and the Caribbean.  Copies of the press release are available from 
>Stephen Colwell.  The handsome IYOR logo designed by the Scripps Institute 
>was a big hit with participants as it appeared on buttons and a T-shirt. 
>Organisations wishing to use the logo in connection with IYOR activities 
>should ask for an application form from one of the people listed below.  An 
>English leaflet on IYOR has been produced and is being distributed. Further 
>print-runs in other languages, as well as country- and region-specific 
>versions, are being planned. 
> 
>IYOR was designated a sanctioned activity of the International Coral Reef 
>Initiative (ICRI) and assigned responsibility for public awareness of the 
>Initiative's 1997 Program.  
> 
>The all-day IYOR Symposium on rapid assessments of benthos and fishes and 
>various impacts was well received.  Some 20 researchers from around the 
>Western Atlantic met during the symposium and enthusiastically endorsed the 
>idea of assessing the condition of reefs remote from centres of population. 
> Information on this inititiative, termed WARRS (Western Atlantic Remote 
>Reef Survey) will be 
>posted on the Coral List Server. 
> 
>Two meetings of those interested in education were well attended and the 
>participants voiced strong support for developing a clearing house with 
>information on all available teaching aids (see below). 
> 
>IYOR-related activities also promoted at Panama included: 
> 
>ReefBase, the global database on coral reefs, now available from ICLARM on 
>CD-Rom together with a comprehensive manual.  For information contact John 
>McManus, J.MCMANUS@CGNET.COM 
> 
>The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCMRN) was launched and is 
>developing plans for a network of  monitoring sites worldwide.  Information 
>brochure available from Clive Wilkinson: C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au  
> 
>A poster map of the world's coral reef and mangroves, prepared by the World 
>Conservation Monitoring Centre, is available in English or Spanish from 
>Alastair Grenfell: a.grenfell@wcmc.org.uk 
> 
>                        COMING EVENTS: 
> 
>INTERNATIONAL 
> 
>October,1996 Montreal:   A special session on IYOR, ICRI and coral reefs is 
>being organized at the World Conservation Congress by IUCN - The World 
>Conservation Union.  Further information from Paul Holthus, IUCN Marine 
>Program, e-mail: PFH@HQ.iucn.ch 
> 
>PACIFIC: 
> 
>The Pacific Year of the Reef (PYOR) will be launched on 11 February 1997.  
>It is being led by the South Pacific Regional Environmental Program and to 
>date 17 countries are participating; others are expected to join.  The PYOR 
>slogan is "Coral Reefs: Their Health, Our Wealth".  National campaign plans 
>are being developed.  An artwork competition is being held to design a 
>logo, the deadline for entries being 1 October 1996.  Plans are also being 
>made to produce a video for the campaign.  Further information from Lucille 
>Overhoff e-mail: 
>lucille@pactok.peg.apc.org 
> 
>The 8th Pacific Science Association's Intercongrress to be held in Fiji 
>July 13-19,1997 will feature a full report on the status of coral reefs in 
>the Pacific and the results of resurveys of reefs after some decades, both 
>of which are central themes ofIYOR   Additional papers on IYOR themes are 
>being solicited.  For information contact Dr. Charles Birkeland, UOG Marine 
>Laboratory, Mangilao, Guam 36923 birkelan@uog9.uog.edu or Dr. Richard W. 
>Grigg, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Mana, 1000 Pope 
>Rd. Honolulu, Hawii, 96822  rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu 
> 
>UNITED STATES 
>A wide variety of projects have been planned by government and 
>non-governmental particpants in IYOR.  A recent meeting sponsored by NOAA and 
>the AZA in Washington DC explored common themes for IYOR and allowed 
>networking of many of the interested groups.  A summary of that meeting will 
>be made available over the IYOR listserv when it is edited by NOAA.  These 
>are a few of the events currently planned.   
> 
>Please describe your own plans on the IYOR listserv so that they can be added 
>to the calendar of events that will be displayed on the IYOR Web Site: 
> www.coral.org/iyor/ 
> 
>September 1996: Hawaii launch: How zoos and aquariums can best participate in 
>IYOR will be discussed at the AZA Annual meeting, sponsored by the Waikiki 
>Aquarium.  A preview of the IYOR Coral Reef Photography Exhibition - 
>organized by CORAL - will be presented at the Waikiki Aquarium. 
> 
>November 1996: Press Club - background briefing for science writers.  IYOR 
>activities will be highlighted and information on the need for coral reef 
>conservation will be distributed to correspondents from major newspapers, 
>magazines and television stations to prepare them for IYOR; sponsored by NOAA 
>and Baltimore Aquarium 
> 
>January 1997;  Inauguration of IYOR with a Gala (plans underway in Miami and 
>San Francisco - other sites encouraged) 
> 
>January 1997: The IYOR them will be included at the DEMA dive show, in 
>Orlando Florida 
> 
>1996/97: ongoing activities at National Aquarium, Baltimore; information 
>from Chris Andrews e-mail: candrews@clark.net 
> 
>Other Aquariums: a number of aquariums are focusing on coral reef education 
>and conservation during IYOR.  Individual aquariums (and zoos) are invited to 
>discuss their plans on the IYOR listserv. 
> 
>Color calendar for 1997 IYORproduced by CORAL (Coral Reef Alliance) is 
>available for immediate distribution; information on 
>availability from Stephen Colwell address below. 
> 
>IYOR Coral Reef Photography Exhibition - a collection of underwater 
>photographs by the world's top underwater photographers - will travel to 
>major zoos and aquariums throughout 1997-98 - organized by CORAL  
> 
>Public Service Announcements - on redio and television are planned throughout 
>1997 to raise the public awareness about IYOR and coral reefs. 
> 
>IYOR Poster contest for children will be held throughout the United States 
>during IYOR. It will be coordinated by the AZA, The Waikiki Aquarium and 
>other participating zoos and aquariums. 
> 
> 
>UNITED KINGDOM 
> 
>September-November 1997: Natural History Museum/Coral Cay Conservation 
>joint exhibition on coral reefs and children's educational weekend  
> 
>February 1997: UK launch at London Zoo, in conjunction with Sea Life 
>Centres, with David Bellamy 
> 
>1997: BP/Birdlife International/Fauna and Flora International special award 
>for coral reef expeditions 
> 
>BBC programme on coral reefs as part of forthcoming 'Oceans' series 
> 
>Other activities are being developed by the UK IYOR Committee.  Further  
>information (as well as copies of the UK-IYOR newsletter) from Vanessa 
>Guest e-mail 101341.16@CompuServe.COM and Liz Wood e-mail 
>ewood@mail.globalnet.co.uk 
> 
>WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: 
> 
>An IYOR-affiliated Program to develop research and conservation initiatives 
>for the Western Indian Ocean is being established in Kenya by Tim 
>McClanahan with support from the Pew Charitable Trust.  It will be 
>headquartered in Mombassa under the Cora Reef Conservation Project of The 
>Wildlife Conservation Society and will focus on education-outreach and 
>coordination of activities in the region and research on ways to restore 
>degraded reefs and the effects  of multiple anthropogenic impacts. 
> 
>GERMANY 
> 
>October 1996: German Research Foundation meeting on 'Global and Regional 
>Controls on Biogenic Information'; IYOR information will be distributed. 
>Further information from Felix Gunkel e-mail: fgunkel@gwdg.de 
> 
>AUSTRALIA 
> 
>Programs being developed through Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, 
>Australian Marine Conservation Society, and University of Sydney. 
> 
>MEXICO 
> 
>Various activities underway, and plans for establishment of IYOR Mexican 
>Committee. 
> 
>COLOMBIA 
> 
>Plans for establishment of IYOR committee underway. 
> 
>                            EDUCATION MATERIALS 
> 
>Several initiatives are underway to assemble information on existing 
>materials and to produce new education and outreach materials through Steve 
>Ladd, Coral Forest and the UK IYOR Committee.  This information will be made 
>available through one of the Listservers shortly, and will also be 
>distributed at the World Conservation Congress.. 
> 
>                            SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES 
> 
>Re-survey of reefs previously impacted by excess sediment -El Nido/Bacuit 
>Bay, Philippines; September, 1996 led by Gregor Hodgson. 
> 
>Initial assessments of coral community condition, Bahamas Barrier Reef 
>(Andros Island); July-August, 1996 led by William Kiene. 
> 
>Re-survey of coral community condition off Abaco Island, Bahamas studied 
>some 30 years ago; September 1996; Robert Ginsburg and RSMAS colleagues  
> 
>A Workshop on research and conservation of coral reefs in the Western 
>Indian Ocean will be held in late February, 1997 in Mombassa, Kenya. Futher 
>information from Tim McClanahan, Coral Reef Conservation Project, The 
>Wildlife Conservation Society, P.O. Box 99470, Mombassa, Kenya FAX: 254 
>(11) 472215. 
> 
>Further information about IYOR from:  
> 
>Robert N. Ginsburg, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 
>University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami FL 33149; Phone: 
>(305) 361-4875;  FAX: (305) 361-4094  or 4632; 
>rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu  
> 
>Stephen Colwell,  CORAL, 809 Delaware St, Berkeley CA 94710, Phone 
>510-528-2492, Fax 510-528-9317; e-mail: IYOR1997@aol.com 
> 
>Vanessa Guest, IYOR-UK, Fax (44) 1326-316-836; e-mail: 
>101341.16@compuserve.com 
> 
> 
> 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620					 
WWW site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
			 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Aug 11 11:35:12 1996 
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Date: Sun, 11 Aug 1996 11:11:11 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: IYOR & Coral List Update Correction 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960811110954.4396A-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 10 Aug 96 23:43:08 EDT 
From: John Rewald <100353.164@compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Reef Owner <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: Lucille Apis-Overhoff <lucille@pactok.peg.apc.org> 
Subject: IYOR & Coral List Update 
 
Concerning the IYOR update posted on Friday, 9 August 1996. 
 
Coming Events for the Pacific Region. 
 
The regional campaign is called "1997 Pacific Year of the Coral Reef" (PYOCR), 
all participants agreed on the coral reef theme. 
 
The campaign slogan is "Coral Reefs: Their Health, Our Future!" 
 
the Our Wealth is a mistake and circulars have been sent out from SPREP 
rectifying this. 
 
 
John Rewald 
Head of Department 
Motupore Island Research Department 
University of Papua New Guinea 
Box 320  University P.O. 
National Capital District 
Papua New Guinea   134 
 
Phone: (675) 3258093 
Fax:   (675) 3258093 
Telex:	NE22366 
 
Email: 	100353.164@compuserve.com 
	jrewald@peg.apc.org 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 14 22:11:29 1996 
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Date: Wed, 14 Aug 1996 21:50:33 -0400 (EDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: mattia@cbl.cees.edu (Christopher M. Mattia) 
Subject: Non-Destructive Coral Health Monitoring Home Page 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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As part of my Senior Thesis at St. Mary's College of Maryland I have 
created a page on the WWW.  Please take a look at it and send me your 
comments and suggestions. 
 
The Non-destructive Coral Health Monitoring Home Page 
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/SMProject/ 
 
as with all web pages some parts are still under construction so watch out 
for falling bricks...:) 
 
Christopher M. Mattia 
CBL-CEES-UMD 
P.O. Box 38 
Solomons MD  20688 
Phone (410) 326-7345 
Fax   (410) 326-7419 
mattia@cbl.cees.edu 
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 16 04:22:10 1996 
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Date: Fri, 16 Aug 1996 17:43:16 +1000 (EST) 
Message-Id: <199608160743.RAA23659@oznet02.ozemail.com.au> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: another new web site 
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Those of you addicted to the World Wide Web might like to check out 
the new web site I am putting together. It has progressed beyond the  
foundations and you can now get an idea of its eventual splendour. 
 
The emphasis is very much marine botany, but, as those who know me  
could have guessed, Halimeda and the Great Barrier Reef  feature  
extensively. 
 
       The URL is    http://www.ozemail.com.au/~edrew 
 
Inevitably, it looks and works best with Netscape 2.0 or above, particularly 
as JavaScript already features in one interactive page and there is an 
animated GIF on another. 
 
Feedback about potential content will be welcome, but no complaining  
about some of the pages being empty at present! All will be revealed in 
the fullness of time........ 
 
Ed 
 
 ------------------------- Dr Edward A Drew ----------------------- 
| PO Box 361, Castletown, Hyde Park, Townsville, Q 4812, Australia | 
| TEL  +61-077-724452  FAX  +61-077-213538  MOBILE  +61-014-879869 | 
| EMAIL edrew@ozemail.com.au  WWW http://www.ozemail.com.au/~edrew | 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 16 04:39:04 1996 
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Date: Fri, 16 Aug 1996 17:57:30 +1000 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> 
Subject: Invest in art for coral reefs! 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Visit the "save the reef" Internet Art Auction! 
 
As an event leading up to the "International Year of the Reef" (1997), the 
Coral Reef Research Institute (CRRI) is running an Internet art auction. 
This event begins August 15th and runs for two weeks at 
http://artauction.aust.com.   At this site you can visit a gallery of over 
50 works of art by internationally acclaimed artists.   A novel program 
allows you to bid for art at the site. 
 
The aim of this art auction is to bring awareness of the challenges that 
face coral reefs world-wide.   It will also function to pursue crucial 
support for One Tree Island research station which is currently being 
threatened with closure by reduced institutional funding.   The loss of One 
Tree Island (the site of projects like ENCORE) would be a huge blow to coral 
reef research and conservation. 
 
Log in and make an investment in art and the future of coral reefs 
worldwide!  Please disseminate this message electronically to all your email 
and Internet contacts.  An attractive button is attached for putting up at 
WWW sites. 
 
Where:  http://artauction.aust.com. 
When:   August 15th to 30th, 1996 
Who:    Coral Reef Research Institute (research and conservation) 
SUPPORT THE ART AUCTION! :  http://www.artauction.aust.com 
Aug 15th - 30th.  Log in and bid!!! 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                     Ph:       (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences         Fax:      (02) 351-4119 
Building A08                                 Mobile:  014 811 935            
University of Sydney                     Country code Australia = 61 
2006 NSW Australia 
 
OHG: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/SOBS/ACADEMIC/ACASTAFF/ohg/ohg.html 
Coral Reef Research Institute: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/CRRI/crri-ind.html 
One Tree Island Research Station: http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/ 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Aug 20 11:29:56 1996 
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Date: Tue, 20 Aug 1996 10:56:19 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: FIO-enhanced C-MAN data 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960820101054.17564A-100000@coral> 
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An update to Florida Institute of Oceanography (FIO) enhanced 
Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) data from C-MAN stations in the 
Florida Straits has been made available on the CHAMP Home Page, 
specifically at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/cman/cman_menu.html 
 
Data are available through June, 1996, and include measurements for 
salinity and photosynthetically active radiation.  Header files for these 
data are the same as for previous years. 
 
Near real-time data are available at the same site, although some of the 
NDBC and/or FIO instruments are in the process of being replaced or 
repaired. 
 
NDBC data (only) may be retrieved from their Home Page at: 
 
	http://seaboard.ndbc.noaa.gov/ndbc.html 
 
 
For further information, contact Chris Humphrey, who maintains the 
FIO-enhanced C-MAN sites.  He may be reached at (305) 664-9101.  His 
e-mail address is humphrj1@firnvx.firn.edu. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 21 09:34:51 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Aug 1996 09:23:41 -0400 (EDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: mattia@cbl.cees.edu (Christopher M. Mattia) 
Subject: Coral Health Monitoring Method 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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For those of you who are actively involved with coral health monitoring.  I 
am interested in finding out by what method are you attempting to assess 
coral health?  One example would be: by using video transects we determine 
percent cover, and species diversity while monitoring pH, salinity, 
temperature...etc... 
 
The results from this query will be posted on the Non-Destructive Coral 
Health Monitoring Home Page 
 
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/SMProject/ 
 
Thanks, 
chris 
 
Christopher M. Mattia 
CBL-CEES-UMD 
P.O. Box 38 
Solomons MD  20688 
Phone (410) 326-7345 
Fax   (410) 326-7419 
mattia@cbl.cees.edu 
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/ 
 
Non-Destructive Coral Health Monitoring Home Page: 
http://www.cbl.cees.edu/~mattia/SMProject/ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 21 19:34:43 1996 
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Date: Wed, 21 Aug 1996 19:15:01 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Spawning/Gulf of Mexico (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960821191434.1029A-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 21 Aug 1996 16:32:25 -0400 
From: "Deslarzes, Ken" <kdeslarzes@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral Spawning/Gulf of Mexico 
 
From: Gregory S. Boland, Dept. of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College 
Station, Texas 77843, USA.  Ph. 409-845-8387 
 
-Copy of a Press Release- 
Seven evenings after the full moon of July; Flower Gardens Banks National 
Marine Sanctuary (NW Gulf of Mexico), August 6, 1996.  The corals continue to 
surprise all the coral reef biologists, including this one after five years of 
observation and research.  I would have bet, along with virtually every one 
else, that the odds were very small of seeing any spawning at the Flower 
Gardens this early in August, but the Flower Gardens surprised us yet again. 
On the night of August 6th, seven evenings after the full moon of July 30, the 
Flower Gardens impressed a large number of volunteer research divers from 
Oceanographic Expeditions with a mass spawning event (albeit very reduced in 
comparison to previous year's events).  In comparison to other sites 
throughout the Atlantic and Caribbean during normal events, even a reduced 
mass spawning at the Flower Gardens appears quite spectacular. 
 
The first witnessed coral spawning occurred at 20:55 hrs CDT from both male 
and female Montastraea cavernosa.  One dive team also recorded a mass egg 
bundle release from a single Diploria strigosa head at 21:30 hrs.  This author 
entered the water at 21:45 and shortly after came across the head of a female 
M. cavernosa releasing rather loose aggregations of tiny eggs.  In previous 
years, this diecious species extruded much more agglutinated egg masses than 
what was seen this year in August.  Individual eggs rapidly separated from 
each other as they were expelled from each polyp. 
 
A total of three different species were seen spawning between a narrow time 
window of 20:55-22:20 hrs.  These included D. strigosa, Montastraea franksi 
and both sexes of M. cavernosa.  People on the vessel also reported a limited 
presence of a spawn slick on the water's surface roughly during the same 
period. 
 
Ten divers entered the water for a third dive sequence on the evening of 
August at 23:55 hrs.  None observed any evidence of spawning during their dive 
of approximately 35 minutes and no other coral eggs were observed on the 
surface for the rest of the evening up to at least 02:00 hrs of 7 August. 
 
The second night of the cruise did not result in any diver observations of 
spawning between the hours of 20:30-21:30 hrs but there were observations of 
coral egg bundles on the surface.  The species producing the egg bundles was 
not positively identified but appeared to be from a M. franksi.  Several heads 
of D. strigosa were observed and photographed by this author underwater in 
pre-spawning "setting stage".  The vast majority (>95%) of the other D. 
strigosa heads did not show any signs of a setting stage. 
 
A very brief appearance of egg bundles also appeared on the surface at 21:30 
hrs during the night of 8 August, 9 evenings after the full moon.  This is the 
time frame for the spawning of Colpophyllia natans, but the observed egg 
bundles were much smaller that the normal baby pea-sized C. natans egg 
bundles.  The observed bundles could have been from a single head due to the 
very short duration (2-3 min) the spawn drifted past the vessel. 
 
There is little doubt that the 3 or 4 September coral spawning event will be 
quite spectacular, but then, we have been fooled before. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 22 23:01:40 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Fri, 23 Aug 1996 10:31:31 +0000 
Subject: Re: water seepage 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a) 
Message-ID: <1AA1C60558@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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X-Status: A 
 
Dear everyone, 
 
Hi!  I am planning to conduct a study on how a reef community  
structure is modified by ambient nutrient levels.  The study area  
has high levels of PO4 and NO3 and I have good reason to think that  
inputs are from the adjacent resort.  In-puts possibly come from  
water used to spray on lawns and mini-golf courses, which seeps through  
the ground, is nutrient-loaded, and finds its way into the immediate  
coastal area.  I would like to know how to go about quantifying this  
water that ends up in the sea.  I have come across studies using  
"piezometers" and "seepage meters"-- how do these work?  Are there  
other ways of quantifying seepage?  In addition, if anybody of you is  
working on a study related to mine, reprints will be more than welcome. 
 
Thank you very much and have a nice day! 
 
cheers,  Chona 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 23 05:15:28 1996 
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Date: Fri, 23 Aug 1996 19:01:43 +1000 (EST) 
From: Sharifah Syed Ibrahim <Sharifah.SyedIbrahim@jcu.edu.au> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: salinity and El Nino 
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.93.960823185013.1962B-100000@crab.jcu.edu.au> 
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Dear all, 
 
Hi. I am a student, and new to this list. 
My project is trying to investigate the effects of hyposalinity on 
scleractinian and octocorals. 
 
1. I am wondering if anyone has contemplated the El Nino effects as being 
not just temperature but also, with the change in climate (hurricanes, 
high rainfall, etc), the likelihood of hyposalinity as a major stress 
factor. 
 
2  Any leads to recent materials on hyposalinity and corals would be 
appreciated (the searches I did yielded dated stuff which is useful but 
not up to date). 
 
3. As well, any one who has worked on HELIOPORA COERULEA in terms of 
tolerances, requirements in nature, problems in keeping in aquaria, etc? 
 
I would greatly appreciate your kind inputs on any one of the above query. 
 
Thanking you in advance, 
 
nora 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
Nora SyedIbrahim 
Postgraduate student 
Marine Biology Dept. 
James Cook University 
Townsville, Queensland 4811 
A U S T R A L I A. 
 
Ph:	++61-077- 815718 
Fax:	++61-077- 251570 
Email:  Sharifah.SyedIbrahim@jcu.edu.au 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 23 12:34:23 1996 
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Date: Fri, 23 Aug 1996 11:51:44 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Marine Biology CD 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960823114946.2336A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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This message from the marbio listserver may be of interest to some of 
you.  Sorry if you've already seen this, we've just installed a new hard 
drive for the list-server and this may be the 2nd go-round... 
 
	jch 
 
================================ 
From: Jeff Levinton <levinton@life.bio.sunysb.edu> 
Date: Thu, 22 Aug 1996 16:27:35 -0400 (EDT) 
Subject: marbio: MARINE BIOLOGY EXPLORATIONS CD 
 
COMING SEPTEMBER 13 
FROM OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
"MARINE BIOLOGY EXPLORATIONS" 
 
by Jeffrey Levinton (State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony 
Brook NY 11794 USA) 
 
A CD with nearly 300 images of marine environments and organisms. 
Produced as a companion to "Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, 
Ecology" by Jeffrey Levinton, Marine Biology Explorations (MBE) gives the 
student an opportunity to examine images and explanatory text for the 
following subject areas: 
 
(1) The Voyage of the Challenger Expedition 
(2) Marine Plankton 
(3) Salt Marshes 
(4) Mangals 
(5) Coral Reefs 
(6) Soft Bottom Shores 
(7) Rocky Shores 
(8) Marine Invertebrate Larvae 
(9) Subtidal Bottoms 
(10) Hot Vent Environments 
(11) Kelp Forests 
 
Complete Picture Index 
 
Images are from both the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of North America. 
Each subject area allows the student to "wander" and encounter new 
organisms and ecological features. Text boxes describe organisms or 
illuminate ecological processes. 
 
Other features: 
 
(1) A multiple choice test module, keyed to chapters of Levinton's book. 
Over 250 questions are provided. 
 
(2) Digital images of nearly all figures from Levinton's text "Marine 
Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology." All figures are in Adobe 
Acrobat format, which allows figures to be converted, for example into 
classroom presentables, such as overhead transparencies and digitally 
projectible images (e.g., from a laptop connected to a computer-compatible 
projector). 
 
Hardware Required: Macintosh Computer with CD-ROM, MACOS version 6.0 and 
above Estimated Cost: $24.95 or comes free to instructor who adopts 
Levinton's text. 
 
To order, contact Oxford University Press at: 
 
Order Department, Oxford University Press 
2001 Evans Road 
Cary, North Carolina 27513 
 
tel. 800-451-7556 
 
For inspection copies and further information, please contact Chris 
Johnson at Oxford University Press. His email address is: cpj@oup-usa.org 
 
 
Jeff Levinton 
Department of Ecology and Evolution 
State University of New York 
Stony Brook NY 11794-5245 
 
tel 516 632 8602 
fax 516 632 7626 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Aug 26 13:35:57 1996 
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Date: Mon, 26 Aug 1996 13:03:38 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: reef@aoml maintenance 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960826125750.1087A-100000@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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We are currently installing a new hard drive and other items of hardware 
on the workstation which holds the coral-list listserver software 
(majordomo), so if you have trouble posting messages, we would appreciate 
your patience.  Usually, if a message doesn't make it across the Internet 
the first time, the message will automatically be resent at a prespecified 
interval. 
 
Cheers, 
 
Jim Hendee 
coral-list administrator 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Aug 28 19:24:10 1996 
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Date: Wed, 28 Aug 1996 17:54:43 -0600 (CST) 
From: Horta Puga Guillermo Javier-ENEPIZ <horta@servidor.dgsca.unam.mx> 
To: Yedid Hilu Aaron-ENEPIZ <yedid@servidor.dgsca.unam.mx> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral list 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SV4.3.91.960821171049.28819A-100000@servidor> 
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Burro no enviaste completo el mensaje 
 
Me parece que la direccion es  
 
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
colocas el siguiente mensaje en el texto: 
 
Subcribe coral-list 
 
sino checa pues nimodo, ojala alguien mas te conteste. 
 
Guillermo 
 
 
 
On Wed, 28 Aug 1996, Yedid Hilu Aaron-ENEPIZ wrote: 
 
> If someone could help me how to suscribe to coral reef list I would  
> appreciate the h 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Aug 29 10:37:18 1996 
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X-Nvlenv-01Date-Posted: 29-Aug-1996 15:07:51 +0000; at bs1.bbc 
Date: 29 Aug 96 15:06:49 GMT 
From: Sue.Flood@bbc.co.uk (Flood,Sue) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-Id: <"<F3B1253281902C79>F3B1253281902C79@bs1.bbc"@-SMF-> 
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Dear All 
 
The BBC Natural History Unit is producing a major new documentary  
 series called 'The Blue Planet',  8 x 50-minute  programmes about the  
 natural history of the world's oceans,  encompassing a breadth and  
 depth (quite literally!) of habitats, e.g  coral reefs, rocky shores,  
 mangroves, temperate waters, open ocean,  polar seas and the deep. 
 
We are keen to find highly visual stories to present in this series and  
  would very much like to hear from you if you have any   
 interesting/unusual/spectacular behaviours and/or locations that you  
 feel would be worthwhile including - from the size of zooxanthellae up  
 to humpbacks at Silver Banks!  
 
It would be particularly useful if you were able  to include  
 information on any of the following points: 
 
1.  Is there any visual material of this story in existence, either in   
 the form of stills or video footage? 
 
2.  Is there any good reference material (review articles, books etc.)   
 dealing with the subject, especially those with accompanying photographs? 
 
3.  Can you suggest anybody (perhaps yourself?!) whom we could contact   
 regarding the practicalities and feasibility of filming this subject? 
 
We hope that with your help we can ensure that 'The Blue Planet' will   
 be a hallmark series of which both the BBC and the scientific   
 community can be proud.  Any help that you can give us would be very   
 much appreciated. 
 
I'd also be very grateful for information about any forthcoming  
 conferences on anything marine, which may be helpful. 
 
Finally, apologies to those of you  reading this whom I've already  
 spoken to in Panama!  (and many thanks again for your kind help). 
 
With many thanks for any help that you can give me, 
 
Sincerely 
Sue Flood 
 
 
Sue Flood 
BBC Natural History Unit 
Whiteladies Road 
Bristol BS8 2LR 
UK 
 
Tel 44-117-9746763 
Fax 44-117-9237708 
E-mail Sue.Flood@bbc.co.uk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 30 15:04:08 1996 
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Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 13:44:49 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Great Barrier Reef contacts 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I'm in the process of planning a trip to the Great Barrier Reef, to take 
place some time in the next few months, for work on a book (for lay-persons) 
about coral reefs and associated ecosystems. Are there any list-members down 
under who would be willing to serve as contacts for this trip--explaining 
their work and suggesting places to visit? I'd greatly appreciate the help! 
Thanks, in advance, 
Osha  
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  2 11:41:21 1996 
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Date: Mon, 02 Sep 1996 07:56:36 -0700 
To: FISHFOLK@mitvma.mit.edu, aqua-l@upei.ca, marine@aqualink.com, 
        fisheries@biome.bio.dfo.ca, crust-l@vims.edu, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, marine-l@upei.ca, 
        fish-junior@oj.rsmas.miami.edu, FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se, 
        marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
From: "D.R. Martin" <editor@aquarium.net> 
Subject: Aquarium.net magazine writers 
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Sorry for the cross posting. 
 For all who have an interest in aquariums there is a monthly magazine now 
online at www.aquarium.net. We are also looking for new material related to 
aquariums. If you have material or are interested in writing, please contact me. 
http://www.aquarium.net 
Sept Issue articles 
 
Treatment of Invertebrete pathogens 
 Dana Riddle 
A Discussion on Algae 
 Dr Ron Shimek 
The Great Barrier Reef 
 Alf J Nilsen 
Corals and Bacterial Infections 
 Albert Thiel 
Stray Voltage in the Aquarium 
 Bruce Davidson 
Natural Nitrate Reduction 
 Samm Gamble 
 
 
Thanks 
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 
D.R. Martin 
sales@aquarium.net 
Aquarium.Net Cyber-Magazine 
<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  3 10:08:04 1996 
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Date: Tue, 3 Sep 1996 09:26:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral planula development 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 02 Sep 1996 12:48:19 -0700 
From: andalusi@dephut.cbn.net.id 
To: hendee@coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral planula development 
 
I would like to know whether anyone have had anyone done a research on the 
competition on the planula development of coral and the effect of 
mariculture on the adjacent reef area. I am working for the government of 
Indonesia as management authority of coral reef conservation area and at 
the moment would like to develop a policy why such activity is considered 
to be harmfull for the environment especially in conservation area even if 
the parent stock is native to the area.  I would really appreciate the 
information or litterature concerning this activities.  Yours sincerely N. 
Andalusi 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  3 10:08:58 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Damage in Jamaica (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 29 Aug 1996 18:25:32 -0400 
From: "Deslarzes, Ken" <kdeslarzes@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: FW: Coral Reef Damage 
 
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
From: Dodie Guffy on Thu, Aug 29, 1996 15:11 
Subject: Coral Reef Damage 
 
 
        Coral Reef Damage.  In mid-August 1996, Jamaica's Natural 
Resources Conservation Authority confirmed reports that a fiber optic cable 
had fallen across the popular Widow Makers Cave coral reef dive site and 
damaged coral.  Telecommunications of Jamaica, Ltd., agreed to move a 
section of their Cayman-Jamaica cable to a sand channel and avoid further 
contact with live coral formations. [Assoc Press] 
 
--------------------------------------------------- 
Dodie Guffy, Resource Center Supv.      dodie@ariel.tamu.edu 
Texas A&M University                    Tel: 409/845-7327 
Oceanography & Meteorology Depts.       Fax: 409/862-4466 (Met) 
Working Collection                      Fax: 409/845-6331 (Ocng) 
College Station, TX   77843-3146 
 
    Oceanography Dept. Home Page     http://www-ocean.tamu.edu/ 
    Meteorology Dept.  Home Page     http://www.met.tamu.edu/ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Aug 30 12:34:35 1996 
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From: LizMat@aol.com 
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1996 12:04:51 -0400 
Date: Fri, 30 Aug 1996 12:04:51 -0400 
Message-ID: <960830120450_397662500@emout18.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral reef bibliography - update 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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X-Status:  
 
Thanks to everyone for sending me lists and lists of coral reef related 
references. I wanted to provide a brief update of the status of our work. 
 
We (GreenLife Society) have decided to focus our bibliography on management 
and policy related references. There are 2 main reasons for this: first, the 
shear volume of scientific work that has been and is being done is way beyond 
our scope; and second, we found several organizations already working on very 
similar projects. Rather than re-do what has already been done, we have been 
discussing ways to collaborate and consolidate the information collected. 
 ICLARM has recently completed the first version of ReefBase, a comprehensive 
CD-ROM database (contact ReefBase@cgnet.com for further information).  We 
will be helping to update their references list by sending all of the 
bibliographic info that we have received.  The Earth Policy Center at 
Columbia University is also developing a reef-related database that will be 
accessible through the Internet. 
 
Thank you all again for your contributions. 
 
Liz Matthews 
Reseach Associate 
GreenLife Society 
Lizmat@aol.com 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep  3 15:03:51 1996 
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Date: Tue, 3 Sep 1996 14:17:02 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Mary Roche <roche@oj.rsmas.miami.edu> 
To: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Great Barrier Reef contacts 
In-Reply-To: <2.2.32.19960830184449.00687e80@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Message-ID: <Pine.ULT.3.91.960903141433.21164B-100000@oj.rsmas.miami.edu> 
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I had the great opportunity to dive the GBR 13 times last Septmber. I had a  
great time and saw incredible diversity among the corals. Their size was  
tremendous and state of health seemed very good with minimal bleaching.  
Mortality was extremely minimal, at least in the area where I was. The dive  
operator was Pro Dive in Cairns, Queensland where I found the staff to be  
very professional and conscientious. They cater to the experienced "scuba"  
diver as opposed to most of the operators who cater to the tourists and snorklers  
with little or no diving (let alone snorkling) experience at all. I  
recommend them highly. I hope this helps. 
Regards, 
Mary Roche  
UM/RSMAS 
 
On Fri, 30 Aug 1996, Osha Gray Davidson wrote: 
 
> I'm in the process of planning a trip to the Great Barrier Reef, to take 
> place some time in the next few months, for work on a book (for lay-persons) 
> about coral reefs and associated ecosystems. Are there any list-members down 
> under who would be willing to serve as contacts for this trip--explaining 
> their work and suggesting places to visit? I'd greatly appreciate the help! 
> Thanks, in advance, 
> Osha  
> Osha Gray Davidson 
> 14 S. Governor St. 
> Iowa City, IA 52240 
> USA 
> PH: (319) 338-4778 
> FAX: (319) 338-8606 
> e-mail: davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
> Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
>  
>  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  4 05:21:29 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Wed, 4 Sep 1996 16:57:11 +0000 
Subject: horseshoe crabs 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a) 
Message-ID: <9C0BD3203@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
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Dear All, 
 
Does anyone have any information on the habit of the horseshoe 
crabs. Where and how they live?  We have a few of these on the 
island and I would like to know more about them.  Also, if anyone 
can point me to the right persons who have done or tried to culture 
these species would be most helpful.  Thanks very much. 
 
Peter Bargayo 
Marine Biologist 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep  4 23:45:28 1996 
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From: "Andre Uychiaoco" <andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Wed, 5 Sep 1996 10:36:15 +0800 
Subject: Bolinao cement plant - Thanks! 
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Thank you very much to all who supported us against the plan to put  
up a cement factory near the coral reefs of Bolinao and Anda!  The  
Department of Environment and Natural Resources of the Philippines  
has decided not to issue an Environmental Compliance Certificate to  
the Pangasinan Cement Corporation for: (a) unacceptable environmental  
risks, (b) serious land and resource use conflict, and (c) problems  
of social acceptability. 
 
Marine Science Institute 
University of the Philippines 
(Official letter of thanks from our director Edgardo D. Gomez will  
follow) 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep  5 07:47:19 1996 
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Message-ID: <322EB9EB.1B18@pc.jaring.my> 
Date: Thu, 05 Sep 1996 19:30:51 +0800 
From: "Mr. Tang Ka-Poh" <tkp@pc.jaring.my> 
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Organization: -------------------- 
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To all the subscribers out there . 
 
I would like to acquire more notes on zooxanthellae especially regarding 
their nutrients uptake, reproduction and their role in the calcification 
process in reef building corals and giant clams. 
 
All notes will contribute to my research on the role of zooxanthellae in 
respect to coloration and growth rates in corals and giant clams in a 
controlled artificial environment - stimulant such as lighting 
conditions and nutrients are currently being carried out. 
 
Looking forward to replies. 
 
Mr. Tang K.P. 
Malaysia 
Email : tkp@pc.jaring.my 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep  5 17:55:57 1996 
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Date: Thu, 05 Sep 1996 22:25:24 +0200 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Norbert Schmidt <Norbert.Schmidt@net4you.co.at> 
Subject: coral spawning 
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Is there anything known about coral spawning in the Maldive Islands? Is there a specific time? 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep  5 18:31:55 1996 
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Date: 05 Sep 96 16:59:28 EDT 
From: John Rewald <100353.164@compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Reef List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Cyanide Damage - Information Required 
Message-ID: <960905205928_100353.164_JHC82-1@CompuServe.COM> 
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I have received a request for information and advice on cyanide damage to reefs 
and the marine environment from Fiji. 
 
Curly Carswell 
President  
Fiji Dive Operators Association 
Fiji 
 Email: seafijidive@is.com.fj 
 
He asked the following,   "Due to an open caste NEW GOLD MINE CALLED MOUNT KASI 
in Savusavu (my home) deliberately breaking its tailing dam in near flood 
conditions and co-incidently over the same period many fish and turtles ending 
up DEAD!!  We are therefore trying to get a Coral Monitoring course done 
immediately.  
 
We've also arranged for a Satellite pass through Prof. Le Drew, Waterloo 
University for Savusavu Bay to obtain Data.  He has pre-mine time data so 
hopefully we can identify if we have a problem. 
 
On the Mine subject how could I get info on OKTED MINE (don't know spelling). 
Apparently they had similar problems.  I thought that knowing their problems it 
may help us in Savusavu to anticipate or deal with a possible major 
environmental problem.  DO YOU KNOW IF WE CAN ACCESS THROUGH INTERNET INFO ON 
OPEN CASE MINE - DESIGNS - USE OF CYANIDE, HOW TO DISPOSE OF TAILINGS ETC???" 
 
I have supplied some details but would appreciate any one with more detailed 
information or suggestions to contact Curly Carswell direct. 
 
 
John Rewald 
Motupore Island Research Department 
University of Papua New Guinea 
Box 320  University P.O. 
National Capital District 
Papua New Guinea   134 
 
 
Phone: (675) 3258093 
Fax:   (675) 3258093 
Telex:	NE22366 
 
Email: 	100353.164@compuserve.com 
	jrewald@peg.apc.org 
	 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep  6 10:40:48 1996 
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Message-ID: <323044E0.59DF@pop.gate.net> 
Date: Fri, 06 Sep 1996 08:36:00 -0700 
From: Steven Miller <smiller@gate.net> 
Organization: NURC/UNCW Florida Program 
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Sollins Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef  
Ecosystem Studies:  1997 Announcement 
 
Students are encouraged to take advantage of this unique opportunity to acquire  
international experience during their graduate studies of coral reefs.  The fellowship  
and application materials are described below. 
 
SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS SEPTEMBER 30, 1996. 
 
	Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they are  
globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal economies.  Yet coral  
reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and studies are needed to provide  
information to manage and understand processes that cause coral reef change.  Funds are  
available, approximately US$12,000 annually, to support one student to work toward a  
Ph.D. in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research.  The focus of the Sollins  
Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to management or  
disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural).  Research supported by the  
fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem approach, recognizing the complex interplay  
among many processes that shape the way coral reefs look and function.  Work that  
identifies controls on productivity, nutrient dynamics, carbonate accretion or erosion,  
or water circulation are examples of suitable topics.  Work is not restricted to these  
topics, but controls should be emphasized because this information is important in  
construction of models that predict reef response to disturbance.  Studies that include  
development or testing of such models are a priority. 
 
Who can apply? 
 
	The Sollins Fellowship is available to graduate students, worldwide.  The intent  
of the fellowship is to help students develop skills and to address problems related to  
relevant applications of coral reef ecosystem research and management.  The fellowship  
is payable directly to the graduate student (or their institution) and can be used to  
support salary, travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. The fellowship is awarded  
annually and  renewal for several years is possible but dependent on satisfactory  
progress.  The student can work entirely at the host university, or can split time  
between developed and developing country universities.  The fellowship is available to  
students already admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university.  The  
fellowship is available to graduate students worldwide to study at  accredited  
universities, anywhere.  A goal of the fellowship is to provide international support  
for coral reef ecosystem research. 
 
Application materials 
 
	A two page application letter, in English, is required from prospective  
fellowship candidates that outlines the research program, emphasizing the mix of applied  
and basic issues addressed in the program, availability of facilities  critical to  
successful completion of the work, and a time schedule to complete the work.  An  
official college transcript is also required.  The student's major professor is required  
to submit a CV and a support letter, in English, that details cost sharing and facility  
support.  If work will be conducted at a second university, a support letter is required  
from the sponsoring institution and professor.  Application materials will be reviewed  
by an ISRS/CMC panel; evaluation criteria include scientific merit, feasibility, cost  
sharing, and relevancy to the Sollins Fellowship guidelines. 
 
The International Society for Reef Studies 
and the  
Center for Marine Conservation 
 
	The Society (ISRS) and the Center (CMC) support the Sollins Fellowship through  
professional and administrative contributions.  The mission of the ISRS is to promote  
for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge  
and understanding concerning coral reefs, both living and fossil.  The mission of the  
CMC is to conserve the health and wealth of marine life.  Its programs focus on  
eliminating four major threats to the health of the marine environment: pollution,  
physical alteration of marine ecosystems as a result of human activity, overexploitation  
of marine resources, and loss of marine biodiversity. 
 
Application materials should be submitted to the ISRS Recording Secretary, UNCW, 514  
Caribbean Drive, Key Largo, Florida 33037 
 
For questions: 
 
305-451-0233 telephone 
smiller@gate.net  e-mail 
 
Submission Deadline for 1997 support is September 30, 1996 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep  6 18:43:21 1996 
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Date: Fri, 6 Sep 1996 13:35:45 -0300 (GRNLNDST) 
From: Luciana Paes de Andrade <lucituca@usp.br> 
X-Sender: lucituca@swan.uspnet.usp.br 
To: aemigott@usp.br 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Voce ja ouviu falar nisso? 
In-Reply-To: <323044E0.59DF@pop.gate.net> 
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 Alvaro,  
 Olha essa mensagem, voce ja ouviu falar nesse programa, sabe como 
funciona? 
 
 
On Fri, 6 Sep 1996, Steven Miller wrote: 
 
> Sollins Graduate Fellowship for Coral Reef  
> Ecosystem Studies:  1997 Announcement 
>  
> Students are encouraged to take advantage of this unique opportunity to acquire  
> international experience during their graduate studies of coral reefs.  The fellowship  
> and application materials are described below. 
>  
> SUBMISSION DEADLINE IS SEPTEMBER 30, 1996. 
>  
> 	Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet, they are  
> globally distributed, and they support various aspects of coastal economies.  Yet coral  
> reefs are widely recognized to be in decline and studies are needed to provide  
> information to manage and understand processes that cause coral reef change.  Funds are  
> available, approximately US$12,000 annually, to support one student to work toward a  
> Ph.D. in the general area of coral reef ecosystem research.  The focus of the Sollins  
> Fellowship is to understand and predict coral reef response to management or  
> disturbance-caused change (human-caused or natural).  Research supported by the  
> fellowship should emphasize an ecosystem approach, recognizing the complex interplay  
> among many processes that shape the way coral reefs look and function.  Work that  
> identifies controls on productivity, nutrient dynamics, carbonate accretion or erosion,  
> or water circulation are examples of suitable topics.  Work is not restricted to these  
> topics, but controls should be emphasized because this information is important in  
> construction of models that predict reef response to disturbance.  Studies that include  
> development or testing of such models are a priority. 
>  
> Who can apply? 
>  
> 	The Sollins Fellowship is available to graduate students, worldwide.  The intent  
> of the fellowship is to help students develop skills and to address problems related to  
> relevant applications of coral reef ecosystem research and management.  The fellowship  
> is payable directly to the graduate student (or their institution) and can be used to  
> support salary, travel, fieldwork, or laboratory analyses. The fellowship is awarded  
> annually and  renewal for several years is possible but dependent on satisfactory  
> progress.  The student can work entirely at the host university, or can split time  
> between developed and developing country universities.  The fellowship is available to  
> students already admitted to a graduate program at an accredited university.  The  
> fellowship is available to graduate students worldwide to study at  accredited  
> universities, anywhere.  A goal of the fellowship is to provide international support  
> for coral reef ecosystem research. 
>  
> Application materials 
>  
> 	A two page application letter, in English, is required from prospective  
> fellowship candidates that outlines the research program, emphasizing the mix of applied  
> and basic issues addressed in the program, availability of facilities  critical to  
> successful completion of the work, and a time schedule to complete the work.  An  
> official college transcript is also required.  The student's major professor is required  
> to submit a CV and a support letter, in English, that details cost sharing and facility  
> support.  If work will be conducted at a second university, a support letter is required  
> from the sponsoring institution and professor.  Application materials will be reviewed  
> by an ISRS/CMC panel; evaluation criteria include scientific merit, feasibility, cost  
> sharing, and relevancy to the Sollins Fellowship guidelines. 
>  
> The International Society for Reef Studies 
> and the  
> Center for Marine Conservation 
>  
> 	The Society (ISRS) and the Center (CMC) support the Sollins Fellowship through  
> professional and administrative contributions.  The mission of the ISRS is to promote  
> for the benefit of the public, the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge  
> and understanding concerning coral reefs, both living and fossil.  The mission of the  
> CMC is to conserve the health and wealth of marine life.  Its programs focus on  
> eliminating four major threats to the health of the marine environment: pollution,  
> physical alteration of marine ecosystems as a result of human activity, overexploitation  
> of marine resources, and loss of marine biodiversity. 
>  
> Application materials should be submitted to the ISRS Recording Secretary, UNCW, 514  
> Caribbean Drive, Key Largo, Florida 33037 
>  
> For questions: 
>  
> 305-451-0233 telephone 
> smiller@gate.net  e-mail 
>  
> Submission Deadline for 1997 support is September 30, 1996 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  9 17:48:45 1996 
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	id AA06128; Mon, 9 Sep 96 12:05:50 EDT 
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 96 12:05:49 EDT 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: swells@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu (Sue Wells) 
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Subject: Reef Encounter deadline 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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NEXT ISSUE OF REEF ENCOUNTER  (newsletter of the International Society of 
Reef Studies) 
 
Issue no. 20 will be produced in December 1996.  The deadline for 
contributions for this is 1st October 1996.  Please send us news, comments, 
announcements and articles. 
 
Contributions and queries should be sent to Maggie Watson, Department of 
Biology, University of York. e-mail: mw101@york.ac.uk 
 
We look forward to hearing from you! 
 
Sue Wells 
Maggie Watson 
David Obura 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep  9 21:49:37 1996 
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Date: Mon, 9 Sep 1996 21:08:42 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral spawning in Key Largo 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960909210731.16653B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 9 Sep 1996 20:17:52 -0400 
From: REEF003@aol.com 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral spawning 
 
Hello All, 
 
Just a few notes from the field. 
 
On the evening of Wednesday Sept. 04, mass spawning of numerous M. annularis 
colonies were observed.  Both fast and slow release of bundles were observed 
between 11:11pm and 11:59 (EST) at Key Largo Dry Rocks ( 25 07.45 N, 80 17.80 
W).  The majority of colonies located at this site are in shallow water (<4m) 
and very large in size.  Although some activity was witnessed on the evening 
of September 03, most colonies spawned in a mass event on the 4th. 
 
One item of interest came about while looking at slides taken during the 
event.  Macro photography of a slow release M. annularis colony revealed what 
appears to be release of a white milky substance following release of its egg 
bundle.  Numerous slides show different polyps exhibiting this behavior.  I 
was under the impression that M. annularis bundles contained both eggs and 
sperm that would not be visible until the bundle had broken.  The photography 
also shows bundles in the process of breaking (partially due to predation by 
fireworms).  No white substance is visible in the breaking bundles, only 
small eggs.  Any ideas? 
 
No other species were observed spawning on either the 3rd or 4th, though 
there were not many other species present in the area we dived.  Predation by 
Silversides, brittle stars, fireworms, very small worms of unknown species 
and unknown herring-like fish was heavy during the entire spawning event. 
 The Silversides and Herring like fish seeming most voracious. 
 
No reports from this area have been heard from the night of the 5th. 
 
Anyone else see anything good? 
 
Laddie Akins 
Executive Director 
REEF 
reef003@aol.com 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Sep 10 16:45:39 1996 
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          id AA16797; Tue, 10 Sep 1996 09:37:38 -1000 
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 1996 09:37:38 -1000 (HST) 
From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Symposium Announcement 
Message-Id: <Pine.A32.3.91.960910093713.31408C-100000@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
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Symposium Annoucement 
 
A symposium on Marine/Aquatic Introduced Species in the Pacific will be 
held during the VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress, July 13-19, 1997, 
Suva, Fiji.  Papers on the ecology, biology, biogeography, environmental 
and human impacts, and management of introduced species are welcome, as 
are papers documenting new invasions, transport mechanisms (such as 
ballast water), and intentional releases.  The symposium is being 
co-sponsored by the CSIRO Centre for Research on Marine Pests (CRIMP) and 
the Pacific Science Association (PSA), and Ronald Thresher (CRIMP) and L. 
G. Eldredge (PSA) will Co-Chair the session; James T. Carlton will be the 
keynote speaker.  The date will be announced later.  For further 
information contact L. G. Eldredge [psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org] if you 
would like to present a contributed paper.  Participants intending to 
present a paper are required to submit an abstract to the Inter-Congress 
Secretariat by January 31, 1997.  
 
To obtain the Inter-Congress Second Circular which includes general 
program of the Inter-Congress, along with information on paper 
submission, accommodation, excursions, etc. contact: 
 
        VIII Pacific Science Inter-Congress Secretariat 
        c/o School of Pure & Applied Sciences 
        P.O. Box 1168 
        The University of the South Pacific 
        Suva, Fiji 
 
        FAX:  (679) 314007 
        e-mail:  psa@usp.ac.fj 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 11 11:03:56 1996 
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Subject: "Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse" 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
-------------------------- [Original Message] ------------------------- 
 
Original Message date:	9/3/96 3:07 PM 
Original from:	owner-seas-alert@panda.org@NOAA 
 
http://www.panda.org  -- WWF Global Network Update 
 
Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse 
 
By Someshwar Singh* 
 
Gland, Switzerland: Appearances can be deceptive. Who would have believed 
that the enchanting fish shimmering their way through aquariums actually 
bespeak an unfortunate tale of plunder and ruin. Or that the delectable 
reef fish that end up on gourmet tables across the world spell certain 
ecological disaster. The fact is that the cancer of dynamite and cyanide 
fishing is spreading relentlessly in the coastal regions of South-East 
Asia and the Asia Pacific waters. 
 
Coral reefs become the first casualties as they are blasted into rubble by 
dynamite fishing, or are left intact but dead by cyanide poisoning. Even 
the spectacular coral reefs of the disputed Spratley Islands have not been 
spared. They are today referred to as "skeleton" reefs on account of the 
blast-damage suffered in recent years. 
 
Over 30 per cent of the world's coral reefs are found in South-East Asia 
alone. The reef flora and fauna of the Indo-Pacific region are 
particularly rich, abounding with about 500 coral species and 2000 fish 
species. The most diverse reefs lie in the area bounded by northern 
Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, where a single reef 
may have as many as 3000 different species. Indonesia, with its 81,000 
square kilometres of coastline and over 17,000 islands, is of critical 
importance as the centre of coral reef ecosystem biodiversity. 
 
But these are under severe threat now. Spurred by quick bucks, fisherfolk 
in South-East Asia are wreaking havoc on coral reef systems to catch fish 
for the aquarium trade and for food. Rising demand has encouraged 
unscrupulous traders to use often illegally-obtained sodium cyanide, 
chlorine, liquid surfactant, and explosives to harvest reef fish. Even 
though the use of cyanide may be illegal, as it is in the Philippines, it 
has not really prevented fishermen and traders from using it. 
 
Earlier, marine reef fish were harvested by hand-held butterfly-type nets 
that were selective and not damaging to the environment. Today, however, 
fisherfolk are resorting to the more effective technique of cyanide 
poisoning. Dissolved in quart-sized plastic containers, sodium cyanide is 
used to stun hard-to-catch reef fish that seek cover in coral holes and 
crevices. The milky fluid causes the fish to lose their equilibrium, swim 
in crazy loops out of their coral refuge, and become easy targets. 
 
The use of dynamite, on the other hand, actually kills most of the 
impacted fish so that they are used mainly for food. The supply of 
explosives does not appear to be a problem with fishermen sometimes 
actually retrieving unexploded bombs from the Second World War. 
 
Unfortunately, the growing international demand for reef fish has only 
given a spurt to these disastrous practices. The aquarium trade caters to 
the pet industry in North America and Europe while reef fish is a delicacy 
among the increasingly rich Asian populations with a taste for seafood. 
The current boom in live fish commerce in Hong Kong, Taiwan and other 
centres of Chinese prosperity has only aggravated the problem. 
 
In the Philippines alone, over 6,000 cyanide divers squirt an estimated 
150,000 kg of dissolved poison on some 33 million coral heads annually. 
During the first eight months of 1995, a catch of 2.3 million kg of live 
groupers and humphead wrasses worth over US$180 million were exported to 
Hong Kong and Taiwan. Another 1.9 million kg of decorative fishes worth 
US$800,000 were shipped to Europe and North America. 
 
In Indonesia, there has been a proliferation of cyanide in local fisheries 
in Irian Jaya and Sulawesi, areas that are rich in global marine 
biodiversity. Misuse of cyanide in local fisheries is also spreading in 
Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Tonga, the Maldives, Solomon Islands and other 
Pacific coastal states. 
 
The impact of destructive fishing activities extends beyond merely the 
health of target species. Entire reef systems in the Pacific, the Indian 
Ocean, the Red Sea, and the Caribbean are endangered. The Mediterranean 
region, particularly Greece and Turkey, are likewise plagued by the use of 
explosives in fishing. In Greece, although dynamite fishing is illegal, it 
is difficult to crack down on the dubious dynamite supplies circuit. When 
used inside closed protected bays, explosives cause intense damage as they 
kill even juveniles in the spawning grounds. Among the Mediterranean 
species thus affected are the red snapper (Dentex dentex) and the sea 
bream (Oblada melanura). 
 
There is obviously much at a stake, making it imperative to find a 
solution quickly. "Alternatives to the use of cyanide need to be promoted 
urgently,"  says Carel Drijver, Manager, Development Cooperation at 
WWF-Netherlands.  "We would like to see the market and trade in reef fish 
put on a sustainable path. But that cannot happen unless the extremely 
harmful fishing practices are changed. Without coral reefs, their spawning 
ground, reef fishes have a bleak future." 
 
WWF has been trying actively to reverse this threat. It has been involved 
in coral reef protection in the South-East Asian region, and now plans to 
launch a major policy initiative that will focus on the international 
dimension of the dynamite and cyanide fishery in Indonesia. The objective 
is to get fishermen to use alternative, more sustainable, fishing 
techniques.  WWF is also coordinating its effort by pooling together its 
expertise from the trade monitoring offices in the region and its networks 
in Hong Kong and the Philippines. Partnerships have been forged in 
particular with the International Marinelife Alliance in the Philippines 
and the Nature Conservancy. 
 
Education and awareness are the key to the problem and need to be spread 
not only among fishermen actually engaged in cyanide and dynamite fishing, 
but other connected sectors like the fisheries trade and industry. Without 
that, there is little hope for the dying 'rainforests of the sea'. 
 
 
*Someshwar Singh is a Press Officer at WWF-International in Gland, 
Switzerland 
 
http://www.panda.org/ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 11 17:27:14 1996 
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To: BIOREGIONAL@csf.colorado.edu, CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, 
        ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List), 
        CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: September 16th USGCRP Seminar on Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios 
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              U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Scenarios: Their Content, Assumptions, and Implications 
 
 
   What are present levels and mix of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions? Which 
   countries are the largest GHG emitters now and which will be the largest 
   emitters in the future?  What does it mean to stabilize emissions at a 
   certain level versus stabilizing emissions at a certain concentration? 
   What will it take to reduce emissions?.  What options are available for 
            reducing emissions on a scale that would be effective? 
 
                                                            Public Invited 
 
 
                                    Monday, September 16, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                                       Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369 
                                                     Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Jane Leggett Emil, Director of the Climate, Policy, and Programs Division, 
Office of Economy and Environment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 
Washington, DC 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Gregg Marland, Ph.D., Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National 
Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 
 
William J. Pepper, Senior Vice President, ICF Kaiser International, Inc., 
Fairfax, VA 
 
 
                                                            Overview 
 
The atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gas CO2 is increasing, and 
it is increasing now largely because of the combustion of fossil fuels. 
Since the beginning of the fossil fuel era, we have released over 250 
billion metric tons of carbon (C) from fossil fuels to the atmosphere as 
CO2, and the rate of release now exceeds 6 billion tons of C per year. 
Prior to the fossil fuel era the atmosphere contained about 600 billion 
tons of C as CO2.  Emissions in 1995 were greater than the sum of all 
emissions prior to 1883 and fully half of all emissions have been since 
1972.  In 1950 the US, USSR, and UK were the top three fossil-fuel-burning 
countries and contributed 62% of global total CO2 emissions from fossil 
fuels.  By 1990, these three countries contributed 42% of the total, while 
the UK had dropped to 7th behind more rapidly growing China, Japan, 
Germany, and India.  From 1950 to 1990 global, per capita emissions of CO2 
from fossil fuels increased by a factor of 1.8 while global population 
increased by a factor of 2.1.  These two factors caused annual CO2 
emissions to go up by a factor of 3.7. 
 
                                  Historical Perspective on CO2 Emissions 
 
In this seminar Dr. Marland will describe the history and pattern of CO2 
emissions, where they come from in the economy and where they come from in 
the world.  Dr. Marland will also discuss some rules for estimating 
national CO-2 emissions and the significance and accuracy of the estimates. 
There are four primary conclusions: (1) anthropogenic emissions, 
dominantly from the burning of fossil-fuels, are responsible for the 
increasing concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere; (2) current emissions 
are dominantly from a small number of developed and/or large, populous 
countries; (3) there are wide disparities in per capita emissions rates 
around the world; and (4) growth rates of emissions and the potential for 
growth in emissions are very large in some developing parts of the world. 
 
                                         The Future of CO2 Emissions 
 
Mr. Pepper will describe the emissions scenarios prepared in support of the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 1992 and 1995 
assessment reports.  He will also describe the size of emissions reductions 
required to meet various CO2 emission concentration targets.  These scenarios 
were developed as part of the IPCC assessment process so that the science 
community would have a consistent set of emissions profiles to use in 
evaluating and comparing their more detailed climate models and they have 
been used by the IPCC and others for projections of future changes in 
concentrations of greenhouse gases.  These scenarios do not represent political 
commitments or negotiating positions. 
 
Mr. Pepper will describe the sources of  greenhouse gas emissions and the 
key variables and assumptions expected to influence future emissions 
levels. He will summarize the results of the scenarios and the 
uncertainties surrounding the emissions estimates. 
 
He will then consider several hypothetical concentration targets and 
describe the reductions in emissions that would be required to meet them. 
The impacts on emissions of changes in energy use or use of alternatives to 
carbon-based fuels will also be addressed. 
 
 
                                                             Biographies 
 
Gregg Marland is a Senior Research Staff Member in the Environmental 
Sciences Division at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.  For over 20 years he 
has been involved in analyses of global change and the environmental 
impacts of energy systems.  He has studied the sources and some of the 
potential mitigation strategies for greenhouse gas emissions and has helped 
define the methodologies and emissions coefficients now in use for 
estimating CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.  He is currently convener for 
the Global Emissions Inventory Activity (GEIA), an activity within the 
International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) project.  Among other 
activities, Dr. Marland has served on the National Academy of Sciences 
panel on "Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming", the Council on 
Agricultural Science and Technology panel on "Preparing U.S. Agriculture 
for Global Climate Change", the National Technical Advisory Committee of 
the National Institute for Global Environmental Change (NIGEC), and has 
been reviewer, contributor, and lead author for various portions of the 
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) first and second 
assessment reports.  He is co-editor of a recent volume on Greenhouse Gas 
Emissions and Response Policies in Central and Eastern Europe, co-author of 
the Graz/Oak Ridge Carbon Assessment Model (GORCAM), an integrated forest/ 
forest-products model designed to evaluate the impact of forest management 
alternatives on net flows of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, and the U.S. 
team leader on an International Energy Agency, Biomass Agreement, task on 
biomass fuels and greenhouse gas emissions.  Dr. Marland received a BS from 
Virginia Tech, and a Ph.D. in Geology from the University of Minnesota. 
 
William J. Pepper is a Senior Vice President of ICF Kaiser International, 
Inc. with more than seventeen years of experience in analyzing and 
modeling environmental and energy issues.  Mr. Pepper started at ICF in 
1979 and specialized in modeling U.S. and international oil and gas markets 
for both federal and private clients.  Since 1987, he has specialized in 
modeling future emissions of greenhouse gases.  Mr. Pepper developed the 
Atmospheric Stabilization Framework (ASF) for the U.S. EPA.  He developed 
emissions scenarios for the IPCC in 1990 and also assisted the IPCC 
Energy and Industry Subgroup with developing their integrated analysis of 
options to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.  Mr. Pepper was a key 
author of the 1992 scenarios for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate 
Change (IPCC).  Mr. Pepper has a B.S. in Mathematics from the 
University of Maryland and an M.A. in Mathematics fromTemple University. 
 
 
                   The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, October 21, 1996 
 
                            Topic - Ecological Indicators of Climate Change 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
300 D St., SW, Suite 840, Washington, DC 20024 
Telephone: (202) 651-8244; Fax: (202) 554-6715 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 06:19:41 1996 
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From: "Bruce, Niel L.          {ZMUC}" <nlbruce@zmuc.ku.dk> 
To: "'CORAL-L'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: POSITION ANNOUNCEMENT 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 96 10:30:00 DST 
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
Position as tenured invertebrate systematist: Associate professor & curator  
at the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen. 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
A position for an invertebrate zoologist to carry out research on the  
systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of annelids or echinoderms is open  
at the Department of Marine Invertebrates of the Zoological Museum.  
Candidates must have a Ph.D. degree, postdoctoral research experience, as  
well as experience in managing collections. Beginning January 1997 or soon  
thereafter. 
 
Duties: 
 
1) Curation and administration of the Zoological Museum's collections of one  
or more of the larger invertebrate groups, including field work aiming at  
collection development. 
2) Supervision of Masters and Ph.D. students, and teaching courses on marine  
invertebrates. 
3) Participation through research, administration and teaching in national  
and international programmes in which the Zoological Museum is involved,  
including the initiation and development of such programmes. 
4) Participation in institutional administration. 
 
Desirable experience: 
 
1) Global or large-scale systematic revisions. 
2) Documented knowledge of modern systematic and phylogenetic methodology. 
3) Broad biological knowledge of the group in question so as to enable  
participation in teaching on the North-Atlantic and Arctic fauna. 
4) Demonstrable field experience. 
 
The application must provide relevant information on the teaching  
experience. 
 
Non-Danish applicants are obliged to learn the language to such a degree  
that they are able to teach and take part in commissional work in Danish  
after about 2 years. 
 
Terms of employment and salary-level follows the agreement between the State  
and the relevant union. 
 
The applicants' qualifications will be evaluated by a specially appointed  
Committee, and the entire report of the Evaluation Committee will be sent to  
all applicants, who must treat material about other applicants  
confidentially. The Evaluation Committe may ask for supplementary material,  
which the 
applicant must provide in the requested number of copies. 
 
The application proper should be marked 5224 L/15-96, adressed to The  
Rector, University of Copenhagen, and sent together with a curriculum vitae  
and list of publications to Det naturvidenskabelige Fakultet, Oster Voldgade  
3, DK-1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Three copies of the above-mentioned  
documents and relevant publications and manuscripts should be sent to:  
Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. In  
the case of co-authored publications co-author statements are required. For  
further information look up the home page of the Zoological Museum  
(http://www.aki.ku.dk/zmuc/zmuc.htm), or contact Dr. Reinhardt M.  
Kristensen, e-mail rmkristens@zmuc.ku.dk. 
 
The deadline for applications is 15. October, 1996. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 06:19:54 1996 
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Date: Wed, 11 Sep 1996 23:24:00 -1000 (HST) 
From: Eric Hochberg <hochberg@soest.hawaii.edu> 
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Can anyone point me in the direction of a book that lists reefs of the 
world and their lat/long coordinates?  Thanks. 
 
Eric Hochberg 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 09:38:05 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 08:59:29 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: "Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse" (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 12 Sep 96 06:47:42 EDT 
From: Robert Murray <100773.3633@compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: "Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse" 
 
A dramatic and mindful piece of narrative. It may be appropriate to note 
however that Tonga has reduced its aquarium trade suppliers to one (Walt 
Smith), and the only reason he is allowed to operate is because his few 
collecters use non-destructive stick and net methods catching 
non-juveniles. Smith's holding facilities and transport methods are also 
the most sophisticated I have seen in this trade when I visited in 1995. 
They are regularly checked and regulated by Australian/New Zealand 
conservation officers on behalf of the local governement.  Dynamiting is 
also thing of the past in this Kingdom. I cannot speak for any other 
areas. For verification or further information contact; 
 
Fisheries Department, 
Royal Government Offices, 
Tongatapu, Kingdom of Tonga, 
SOUTH PACIFIC. 
 
or; 
 
Walt Smith, 
PO Box 1949, 
Nuku 'alofa 
Kingdom of Tonga, 
 
(Tel. 676 22404) 
(Fax. 676 23143) 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 09:46:33 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 08:57:42 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: RE: Coral spawning in Key Largo (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 1996 22:33:32 -0800 (PST) 
From: Aileen Morse <a_morse@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu> 
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: RE: Coral spawning in Key Largo 
 
Hi! 
I was on the NOAA vessel at this site on both 9/3 and 9/4.  We were netting 
coral heads to collect egg bundles.  On 9/3 there were only egg bundles in 2 
of our collecting vessels (none in any of our others, or in those put out by 
Prof. Alina Szmant's group).  The 2 colonies that released on that night 
were both A. annularis.  Then on 9/4 we and Alina's group both collected 
multiple releases from both A. annularis and A. faveolata colonies. 
Collections by both groups indicated that more A. annularis 
colonies went off than A. faveolata.  But in neither case could the number 
of colonies releasing be considered a "major" spawn. 
Our aim was to fertilize large numbers of gametes from both species and also 
to try an inter-species cross fertilization. In this we were successful. 
However, both research groups observed that there was an unusually high 
heterogeneity in the early stages of larval development for both species 
(and in our cross).  I cannot speak further for Alina's results, only our 
own.  By the second day the cultures of A. faveolata became much more 
homogeneous with respect to developmental stage, as did the cross, and have 
remained so.  However, the cultures of A. annularis remain highly 
heterogeneous and have developed much more slowly (even the most advanced 
stages).  Although fertilization success appeared to be relatively high, 
development of subsequent larval stages seems to be relatively retarded. 
 
As to your question re. the white substance being released fron colonies, 
perhaps this was coral mucus.  Corals tend to respond to "stress" by mucus 
release.  When working with my Japanese colleagues at their lab off Okinawa 
colonies were placed in containers for egg bundle release.  Very commonly 
coral mucus is seen mixed in with the bundles.  Anyway that is my best 
guess.    Best regards,  Aileen Morse 
Aileen N.C. Morse 
Marine Biotechnology Center 
Marine Science Institute 
University of California 
Santa Barbara, CA 93106 
 
PHONE:  805-893-4277 
FAX:    805-893-8062 
E-mail: a_morse@lifesci.lscf.ucsb.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 09:35:20 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coordinates of the world's coral reefs (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 96 12:53:51 BST 
From: Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coordinates of the world's coral reefs 
 
Dear Eric (and interested others) 
 
The best "book" for your purposes is the new global coral reef database 
ReefBase Version 1.0, produced on CD-ROM and released for the first time in 
Panama this year.  This has lat/longs for over 6000 named reefs.  The World 
Conservation Monitoring Centre has worked closely with ICLARM in developing 
maps of coral reefs and we now have a global coverage of coral reefs on a GIS 
with source material ranging in scale from 1:20,000 to 1:1,000,000.  This 
includes hundreds of thousands of arcs and polygons describing reefs 
worldwide, too many, I fear, for you to use to get a list of lat/longs, but 
the same maps are presented on ReefBase and will also soon go on-line on the 
World Wide Web. 
 
For more info on reefbase e-mail direct to 
	reefbase@cgnet.com 
 
Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 09:31:59 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: "Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse" (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 96 12:52:58 EDT 
From: mcall@superaje.com 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: "Destructive fishing practices: Asia's growing curse" 
 
The posting on cyanide fisheries and use of dynamite has considerable factual 
content, though the manner of presentation will lead to misconstruing some of 
that information.  It also omits some information. 
 
The impression is given that nothing is being done.  Ocean Voice International 
of Ottawa and the Haribon Foundation for Conservation of Natural Resources of 
Manila has had a program going in the Philippines for over six years.  We have 
trained 1000 collectors to use small environmentally friendly nets instead of 
cyanide, provided coastal communities with knowledge about managing their own 
coral reefs in the form of videos and our 126 page English-language manual, SAVE 
OUR CORAL REEFS with 100 figures, and are right now trying to establish an 
export facility for the graduates of our community courses.  An Indonesian 
version of our manual has already been published, and we hope to publish two 
Filipino language versions this year.  One should also mention that the IMA (an 
NGO) and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (government agency) have 
instituted a cyanide detection test for exports. 
 
For person wishing more information or wishing to support our program, see our 
home page: 
 
	http://www.ovi.ca 
 
For persons wishing reading materials our quarterly bulletin, Sea Wind, now 
going into its 10th volume has a number of articles on cyaniding, dynamiting, 
sedimentation and other human impacts on reefs and the marine environment.  For 
an overview of the sea, read our STATUS OF THE WORLD OCEAN AND ITS BIODIVERSITY, 
in a special 72-page issue of SEA WIND. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
don 
 
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall@superaje.com 
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 13:24:29 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Octocoral Spawn (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 11:51:13 -0400 
From: REEF003@aol.com 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Octocoral Spawn 
 
The Reef Environmental Education Foundation (REEF) hosted their annual 
Field Survey in Belize the week of September 1st through 7th.  The survey 
team did two dives beginning at dusk and then a later night dive in order 
to watch for the coral spawn and monitor any occurrences. As part of that 
team I witnessed the following: 
 
 
9/1/96 6:45pm Northwest Crawl Caye,Turneffe Reef, Belize ( 17 36.35N, 87 
48.35W ) 
 
Spawning of the Ruby Brittle Star. Many brittle stars were seen 
mounting sea fans, arching high and releasing bundles and sperm, in some 
cases this continued for longer than twenty minutes.The isolated spawning 
of these brittle stars was seen again on subsequent evenings but not 
massed as it appeared on this evening. 
 
 
9/4/96 6:45pm Que Brada, Lighthouse Reef, Belize (17 13.04N, 87 36.65W) 
 
Two heads of brain coral (species not yet identified) spawning bundles for 
approx. 25 minutes after being located. The release was slow, there was no 
current. Bundles drifted slowly upwards and two Four-Eye Butterflyfish as 
well as species of brittle star were seen feeding on the bundles.  The 
colony was about 2ft in diameter and was located about 25ft from the 
drop-off of a deep wall. 
 
 
9/4/96 10:05pm Que Brada, Lighthouse Reef, Belize 
 
I located a single colony of octocoral (species not yet identified, probably 
genus Eunicea) releasing bundles for approx. twenty minutes after being 
located in a depth of 35ft. The release was slow, the bundles drifted up and 
there was no current. Nothing was seen feeding on the bundles. The colony was 
approx. 2.5ft tall located in a sandy patch about 60ft from the drop-off of a 
deep wall. 
 
 
9/5/96 6:10pm Dead Mans Point, Turneffe Reef, Belize (17 10.91N, 87 51.87W) 
 
A small colony (approx 1ft in diameter) of brain coral (species not yet 
identified) was found smoking at 6:10pm just before dusk. The quick release 
was at timed intervals about a minute apart and the smoking continued for 
approx. twenty minutes after the colony was located. The colony was on a high 
ridge of star coral next to a large sand channel and about 60ft from a deep 
wall drop-off. 
 
I am interested to hear of other observations during the coral spawn week 
and to know whether the spawning of octocorals has been witnessed and/or 
documented elsewhere. 
 
Deena Wells 
REEF 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 14:21:08 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 12:06:08 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Indonesia visit 
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I'm planning a trip to Indonesia in late November, to do research for a book 
for lay-persons on the importance of coral reefs and associated ecosystems 
(mangroves and seagrass beds) and the anthropogenic problems these systems 
are facing--over-fishing, sedimentation, cyanide, dynamite blasting, etc. 
        Are there list-members in Indonesia who would be willing to serve as 
contacts for this trip--explaining their work and suggesting places and 
people to visit? I'd greatly appreciate the help! 
Thanks, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 18:11:24 1996 
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From: "EcoSense" <ecosense@cura.net> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 16:56:28 -04:0 
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Subject: Spawning Curacao 
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Hello Coral Spawning Fans, 
 
Coral Spawning observations from Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 1996 
 
Reefs on Curacao were monitored on with Reef Care Volunteers: 
August 30 through September 2 from 21.00 - 22.15 pm 
August 31 & September 1 from 16.00 - 17.00 pm 
September 3 through September 5 from 19.30 - 23.00 pm 
 
Spawning observations: 
Date         Location	Species		Time		#		% 
31 Aug     Seaquarium	Gorgonia ventalina?	21.30-22.15	10		25% 
04 Sept     Slangenbaai	Montastrea  annularis  
                                      Columnar	                   21.20		1		<5% 
                                      Massive	                   22.12-22.20	2		<5% 
                                      Montastrea cavernosa	21.45-22.05	3 (2male; 1 female)	5% 
05 Sept     Slangenbaai  Ruby Brittlestar	21.20-21.17	3 (2 male; 1 female) 
                                      Montastrea cavernosa	21.50		1 (male)		<5% 
 
This is the 6th consecutive year we are monitoring the spawning on 
Curacao. Never before we saw so little spawning in either one of the 
months of this `split-spawning-event'. May be a consequence of last 
years bleaching! A major spawning is expected from 2 to 4 October.   
 
Observations from Aruba, Bonaire and Saba are pending. 
 
Manfred van Veghel 
EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
PO Box 3187 
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 18:11:24 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 16:56:28 -04:0 
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Hello Coral Spawning Fans, 
 
Coral Spawning observations from Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 1996 
 
Reefs on Curacao were monitored on with Reef Care Volunteers: 
August 30 through September 2 from 21.00 - 22.15 pm 
August 31 & September 1 from 16.00 - 17.00 pm 
September 3 through September 5 from 19.30 - 23.00 pm 
 
Spawning observations: 
Date         Location	Species		Time		#		% 
31 Aug     Seaquarium	Gorgonia ventalina?	21.30-22.15	10		25% 
04 Sept     Slangenbaai	Montastrea  annularis  
                                      Columnar	                   21.20		1		<5% 
                                      Massive	                   22.12-22.20	2		<5% 
                                      Montastrea cavernosa	21.45-22.05	3 (2male; 1 female)	5% 
05 Sept     Slangenbaai  Ruby Brittlestar	21.20-21.17	3 (2 male; 1 female) 
                                      Montastrea cavernosa	21.50		1 (male)		<5% 
 
This is the 6th consecutive year we are monitoring the spawning on 
Curacao. Never before we saw so little spawning in either one of the 
months of this `split-spawning-event'. May be a consequence of last 
years bleaching! A major spawning is expected from 2 to 4 October.   
 
Observations from Aruba, Bonaire and Saba are pending. 
 
Manfred van Veghel 
EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
PO Box 3187 
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 18:58:17 1996 
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Date: 	Thu, 12 Sep 1996 12:17:39 -1000 
From: Dave Alan Gulko <gulko@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: gulko@uhunix1 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: "Coral Bleaching Event in Hawai'i" 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960912085839.22059G-100000@coral> 
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	A major coral bleaching event began in late August in the south 
basin of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu in response to high temperature.  A long 
period of hot, calm weather drove temperatures into the 29 - 30 degrees 
centigrade range in the restricted basin (this is 1 - 2 degrees 
centrigrade higher than oceanic temperatures).  The return of trade winds 
and cloud cover during the second week of September lowered surface water 
temperatures into the "safe" range.  If the temperatures continue at 
normal levels, we expect most of the coral to recover within 1-3 months. 
The event is under investigation by Paul Jokiel of the Hawai'i Institute 
of Marine Biology (jokiel@hawaii.edu). 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 19:26:54 1996 
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	Thu, 12 Sep 96 15:41:27 -0700 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 15:41:26 -0700 (PDT) 
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> 
To: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Indonesia visit 
In-Reply-To: <2.2.32.19960912170608.0069f4a4@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
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   Some useful contacts (I can't guarantee they'll all want to talk to 
   you!) are: 
 
Bapedal-Environmental Impact Agency 
Gedung Arthaloka Lt. 6 
Jl. Jend. Sudirman No. 2 
Jakarta Pusat 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 251 1533 
Fax: (62 21) 251 1547 
Mr. Muhammad Yunus. Participating in the International Coral Reef 
Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
Center for Research and Development for Geotechnology 
Indonesian Institute of Sciences 
Jl. Sangkuriang 
Bandung 
40135 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 22) 250 3054 
Fax: (62 22) 250 4593 
Email: hautous@geotele.lipi.go.id 
Mr. Wahyoe Suprihantoro: Researcher. Participating in the 
International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program 
(ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
CEPI Project 
Canadian International Development Agency 
Jl. Merdeka Barat 15 
Jakarta 
10110 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 380 7566 
Fax: (62 21) 345 1515 
Mr. John Boers Marine and Coastal Advisor CIDA/LH. 
Participating in the International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian 
Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
Forum Biologi Unri 
Biological Forum 
Universitas Riau 
Fakultas Perikanan 
Jalan Pattimura 9 
Pekanbaru 
28131 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 761) 23 742 
(62 761) 21 341 
Fax: (62 761) 37 556 
 
Dr. Syamaruddin Siregar (1996). 
 
 
Indonesia Department of Foreign Affairs 
Jl. Taman Pejambon 6 
Jakarta 
10110 
Tel: (62 21) 384 8626 
(62 21) 351 9615 
Fax: (62 21) 385 7315 
 
Mr. Dewa Made Sastrawan: Economic and Environment Officer. 
Participating in the International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian 
Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
Indonesia Directorate for Human Settlement Technology and 
Environment 
BPPT Bld. II 
Jl. Thamrim No. 8 20th Floor 
Jakarta 
10340 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 314 9786 
Fax: (62 21) 314 9760 
Email: kwidjaja@btig.pt.bppt.go.id 
 
Mr. Wage Komarawidjaja Participating in the International Coral 
Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
Indonesia Directorate of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation 
Gedung Manggala Wanabhakti 
Block VII LT. 7 Jl. Gatot Subroto 
Jakarta 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 572 0227 
Fax: (62 21) 572 0227 
Mr. Adi Susmianto: Senior Staff. Participating in the International 
Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 
1996). 
 
 
Indonesian Institute of the Sciences - Bureau of Information and 
Oceanography 
Puslitbang Oseanologi - LIPI 
Jl. Pasir Putih I,  Ancol Timur 
Jakarta 
11048 
Indonesia 
Tel: 62 21 683 850 
Fax: 62 21 681 948 
Dr. Malikusworo Hutomo: Chief  (ICRI, May, 1995). 
 
 
Indonesia Ministry of State for Environment 
Bureau for International Cooperation 
Jl. Merdeka Barat No. 15 
Jakarta 
10110 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 384 7082 
Fax: (62 21) 385 9671 
Mr. Dana Kartakusuma: Director. Participating in the International 
Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 
1996). 
 
 
Indonesia Ministry of State for Environment 
Jl. Merdeka Barat No. 15 
Jakarta 
10110 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 344 1035 
       (62 21) 384 7082 
       (62 21) 345 4956 
Fax: (62 21) 384 7075 
        (62 21) 384 6031 
        (62 21) 385 9671 
Mr. Sarwono Kusumaatmadja: Indonesia Minister of State. 
Participating in the International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian 
Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
Ms. Ina Pranoto < pranoto@idola.net.id>: Staff to the Assistant 
Minister I . Participating in the International Coral Reef Initiative 
East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
Mr. Tommy H. Purwaka: Deputy Assistant Minister. Participating in 
the International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) 
Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
Mr. Sudarsono: Secretary. Participating in the International Coral 
Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
Tel: (62 21) 384 6652. 
 
Mr. Sudaryono: < dariyono@idnmenlh.menlh.go.id > Deputy 
Assistant Minister. Participating in the International Coral Reef 
Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
Ms. Wati Umirusyanawati: Staff to the Assistant Minister I . 
Participating in the International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian 
Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
Mr. Henk Uuktolseya: Senior Staff. Participating in the International 
Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 
1996). 
 
 
Oceanology Research and Development Centre 
National Institute of Science 
Jalan Gondangdia Lama 39 
Jakarta Pusat 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 683 850 
 (62 21) 391 7616 
Fax: (62 21) 681 948 
(62 21) 314 8779 
Email: moosa295@cbn.net.id 
 
Mr. Mohammad Kasim Moosa: Researcher. Participating in the 
International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program 
(ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
 
The Nature Conservancy - Indonesia - Coastal and Marine Program 
Jalan Radio IV, No. 5 
Kebayaran Baru 
Jakarta Selatan 
12001 
Indonesia 
Tel: 62 21 7206484 
Fax: 62 21 7245092 
Dr. Marty Fujita: Director, Indonesia Program. <mfujita@tnc.org> 
Mr. Charles W. Cook: Director, Coastal and Marine Program. 
Participated in COP-II of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 
November, 1995. 
 
Mr. Herling Sanger: Coordinator, Coastal and Marine Program. 
Participated in COP-II of the Convention on Biological Diversity, 
November, 1995. 
 
Mr. Rili Hawari Djohani: Assistant Director. Participated in COP-II 
of the Convention on Biological Diversity, November, 1995. 
 
 
Research and Development Centre for Oceanology 
Indonesian Institutes of Sciences 
Jalan Pasir Putih No.1 
P.O. Box 580 Dak 
Ancol Timur 
Jakarta Utara 
11001 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 683 850 
Fax: (62 21) 681 948 
Mr. Malikusworo Hutomo 
Mr. Suharsono: Senior Researcher 
International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program 
 
 
Rinjani Marine Foundation 
Jl. Pemuda 25 
Mataram 
83125 
Lombok 
Indonesia 
Tel: 62 364 36040 
Fax: 62 364 33972 
Ms. Nant. Participated in COP-II of the Convention on Biological 
Diversity, November, 1995. 
Mr. Nefo Ginting. Participated in COP-II of the Convention on 
Biological Diversity, November, 1995. 
 
 
Wahana Lingkungan Hidup Indonesia - WALHI 
Jalan Perjernihan 1 
Komplek Keuangan 15 
Pejompongan 
10210 
Jakarta 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 586 820 
Fax: (68 21) 573 8416 
Email: walhi@peg.apc.org 
cansea@peg.apc.org   (Climate Action network, Southeast Asia) 
Indonesian Forum for the Environment (FoE Indonesia) 
 
 
Wetlands International - Indonesia Programme 
JI. Arzimar III No. 17 
[P.O. Box 254 
BOO 
16001] 
Bogor 
16152 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 251) 312 189 
Fax: (62 251) 325 755 
Email: wi-ip@.server.indo.net.id 
Internet: (On-line, but I don't seem to have the URL) 
Mr. Prianto Wibowo: Wetland Ecologist. Participating in the 
International Coral Reef Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program 
(ICRI, July, 1996). 
Bas E. vanHelvoort (1996). 
 
 
World Wide Fund for Nature - Indonesia Programme - Marine 
Conservation 
Jl. Kramat Pela No. 3, Gandaria Utar 
Kebayoran Baru 
P.O. Box 29  JKSKM 
Jakarta Selatan 
12001 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 790 3095 
Fax: (62 21) 739 5907 
Caroline Raymakers (1996). Support for national parks and 
protected areas planning. Assists in park zoning, alternative 
economic development and community collaboration. Coral reef 
protection in parks planning for Thousand Islands National Park, 
Java; Taka Bone Rate Atoll, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. (Source: 
International Coral Reef NGO Directory, 1996) 
Ms. Novia Andalusi: Marine Conservation. Participated in COP-II 
of the Convention on Biological Diversity, November, 1995. 
 
 
Yayasan Kehati (BIODIVERSITY FOUNDATION) 
Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto Kav. 32-34 
Jakarta 
12950 
Indonesia 
Tel: 62 21 522 8031 
Fax: 62 21 255 8033 
Mr. Koesnadi Hardjasoemantri: Vice Chairman. 
 
 
YLLI-Laut Lestari Foundation 
Jl. Talaud 4 
Roxy 
Jakarta 
Indonesia 
Tel: (62 21) 385 9187 
(62 21) 345 0695 
Fax: (62 21) 384 6575 
 
Ms. Ida Ayu Purbasari. Participating in the International Coral Reef 
Initiative East Asian Seas (EAS) Program (ICRI, July, 1996). 
 
 
I've got a number of more, but this is what came up on a quick search and 
dump of the ICONS database. You might also want to look up: 
 
Kelleher, Graeme, Chris Bleakley and Sue Wells (Principle Eds.)(1995). A 
   Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas Vol III: Central 
Indian Ocean, Arabian Seas, East Africa and East Asian Seas. Great Barrier 
Marine Park Authority/The World Bank/The World Conservation Union (IUCN), 
The World Bank, Washington, DC. 
 
--------------------- 
Preston Hardison 
pdh@u.washington.edu 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 12 20:30:32 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 15:34:02 -0800 (AKDT) 
From: "Brian C. Paust" <ffbcp@aurora.alaska.edu> 
To: marine@aqualink.com, crust-l@vims.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        marine-l@upei.ca 
Subject: Agenda - Live Seafood Shipping Conference 
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The Live Seafood Shipping Conference: 
 
A Conference and Exhibition on the Marketing and Shipping=20 
of Live Seafood and Ornamentals - Finfish, Shellfish, and=20 
Plants 
 
 
 
MARKETING & SHIPPING LIVE AQUATIC=20 
PRODUCTS '96 
 
October 13 - 15, 1996 
 
Seattle, Washington USA 
 
EXHIBITORS INFORMATION & REGISTRATION 
 
Conference Lectures - October 14 - 15, 1996 
Suppliers Exhibit - October 13, 1996 
 
 
 
If your business or specialty is involved with the holding or=20 
shipping of live seafood and ornamental products, this is=20 
an important conference for you.   Speakers and posters will=20 
describe practical methods for the live holding of products=20 
from Alaska, the Pacific Northwest, and other regions of=20 
the world.  =20 
 
This  conference will not soon be repeated in this region.  For=20 
additional information, contact: 
John Peters (103243.675@compuserve.com)  or 
Brian Paust (ffbcp@aurora.Alaska.edu). 
 
AGENDA 
 
SUNDAY   October 13     Noon-7pm  EXHIBITION HALL 
 
REGISTRATION - Conference Center Lobby 
 
EXHIBITORS=20 
 
Aqua Logic, Inc., San Diego, California 
Aquatic Eco-Systems, Apopka, Florida 
Grabber International, Grand Rapids, Michigan 
Novalek, Inc., Hayward, California 
Point Four Systems, Port Moody, B.C. Canada 
TechPak - Peabody Massachusetts 
U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Silver Springs, Maryland 
Ryan Instruments, Redmond, Washington 
 
POSTERS =20 
 
DOMESTIC REGULATORY BARRIERS TO THE=20 
MARKETING OF LIVE AQUATIC PRODUCTS FROM=20 
AND WITHIN THE NORTH PACIFIC REGION OF THE=20 
UNITED STATES. 
Gleyn Bledsoe, Ph.D., Sheldon Jackson College, Sitka, Alaska 
 
NORTH PACIFIC SPECIES APPROPRIATE FOR LIVE=20 
FISH MARKETING 
Gleyn Bledsoe, Ph.D., Sheldon Jackson College, Sitka,=20 
Alaska 
 
DISPLAY AND DEMONSTRATION OF A STATE-OF- 
THE-ART SALMON RESEARCH FACILITY AND=20 
RECIRCULATING SYSTEM, WITH COMPUTER CONTROL=20 
AND MONITORING. 
Mike Rust, Ph.D., National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle,=20 
Washington 
 
A NOVEL METHOD FOR THE STORAGE OF LIVE=20 
Nephrops norvegicus DURING LIVE SHIPMENT. 
Andre  Schmitt, PH.D., Department de Ciencias Fisiologicas. =20 
Universidade do Rio 
Grande - FURG 
 
THE NEW ZEALAND AND IKE DAI LIVE TRANSPORT=20 
SYSTEM. 
Barry Torkington, Fish Transport Systems, Ltd. Canada and=20 
New Zealand 
 
THE APPLICATION OF COX TEMPERATURE RECORDERS=20 
IN THE LIVE INDUSTRY. 
James Cox, Cox Recorders Inc., Upland, California 
 
LIVE HOLDING AND TRANSPORT OF MONKFISH. 
Ben Baxter, Marine Live Products/Marine Machines, Inc.,=20 
Bernard, Maine 
 
BREAKING INTO THE LIVE TRADE:  THE TRIALS &=20 
TRIBULATIONS OF A TRUCKER. 
Stu Craig, Continental Truck Freight Brokers, Ellensburg,=20 
Washington. 
 
INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LIVE MARKETING=20 
AND AQUACULTURE-COMMERCIAL FISHERIES. 
K.C. Dochtermann, Rock Bottom Seafoods, Seattle,=20 
Washington 
 
ANIMAL HEALTH REQUIREMENTS FOR LIVE=20 
AQUATICS EXPORTS. 
Ralph Elston, Pacific Shellfish Institute, Carlsborg,=20 
Washington 
 
THE EXPERIENCE OF SHIPPING LIVE EGGS. 
Per Heggelund, Aqua Seed Corp, Seattle, Washington 
 
DESCRIPTION OF AN INNOVATIVE PACKAGING=20 
SYSTEM:  THE CLOUD PACK STORY. 
Leonard LaRosa, Rose Seafood Industries, Woburn,=20 
Massachusetts 
 
VIABLE ALTERNATIVES ON THE ROAD TO=20 
SUSTAINABILITY. 
Alfredo Quarto, Mangrove Action Project, Seattle,=20 
Washington 
 
HOLDING AND TRANSPORT OF THE PACIFIC=20 
OYSTER: THE ALASKA PERSPECTIVE. 
Ray RaLonde, University of Alaska, Anchorage 
 
THE NEW ZEALAND AND IKE DAI LIVE TRANSPORT=20 
SYSTEM. 
Barry Torkington, Fish Transport Systems Ltd., Canada and=20 
New Zealand 
 
SUSTAINABILITY ISSUES FOR THE TRADE IN WILD=20 
AND CULTURED AQUARIUM SPECIES. 
Leonard Young, Aqaculture Development Program, Hawaii=20 
Dept. of Land & Water 
Resources, Honolulu 
 
MONDAY  October 14    7:00am-6:45pm  AUDITORIUM 
 
7:00  --  BREAKFAST  - Conference Center Lobby 
 
8:00  --  WELCOME - John B. Peters, Nor'Westerly Food=20 
Technology Services, 
=09=09Conference Manager 
          --  INTRODUCTIONS - Brian Paust, Chairman=20 
Program Committee, University 
=09=09of Alaska, Petersburg, Alaska 
 
GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF THE LIVE FISH TRADE. 
Jerome E. Erbacher, International Trade Specialist, National=20 
Marine Fisheries 
Service, Silver Springs,  Maryland 
 
THE ORNAMENTAL FISH TRADE:  STATUS, TRENDS=20 
AND SHIPPING TECHNIQUES. 
Paul Olin, Ph.D., University of California, Santa Rosa 
 
EXOTIC SPECIES AND THE LIVE AQUATICS TRADE. 
Annette Olson, Ph.D., University of Washington, Seattle,=20 
Washington 
 
DESTRUCTIVE FISHING PRACTICES IN THE=20 
ORNAMENTAL AND LIVE SEAFOOD INDUSTRIES. 
Bob Johannes, and  Bob Gillett, Lami, Fiji 
 
ANIMAL WELFARE CONSIDERATIONS IN LIVE=20 
AQUATIC TRANSPORT. 
Donald Boisvert, Ph.D., Canadian Council on Animal Care,=20 
Ottawa 
 
10:15-10:40  --  Refreshment Break in Lobby 
10:40- 1:00 
AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH CERTIFICATION FOR=20 
INTERNATIONAL TRADE. 
Richard Fite, Otis Miller, USDA Animal and Plant Inspection=20 
Service, Riverdale, 
Maryland 
 
TRANSBOUNDARY REGULATIONS OF LIVE INDUSTRY=20 
(ALASKA CASE HISTORY) 
Jim Cochran, Alaska Dept. of Fish & Game, Juneau, Alaska 
 
FEDERAL REGULATORY CONCERNS IN=20 
AQUACULTURE PRODUCT. 
Michael Goza, U.S. Food & Drug Administration.,=20 
Seattle, Washington 
 
RESTRAINTS OF SHIPPING LIVE:  LESSONS TO BE=20 
LEARNED FROM THE AQUASEED EXPERIENCE. 
Per Heggelund, AquaSeed Corp., Seattle, Washington 
 
MAINTAINING THE INTRINSIC QUALITY OF LIVE- 
MARKETED SHELLFISH BY SUPPLYING THEIR=20 
PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS. 
Roger Uglow, Ph.D., University of Hull, United Kingdom 
 
FUNDAMENTAL DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT OF LIVE=20 
AQUATIC HOLDING SYSTEMS WITH AN EMPHASIS ON=20 
MODERATING THE EFFECTS OF SHOCK LOADING. 
Mark Francis, Aquaneering, Inc., San Diego, California 
 
1:00-2:30 
Lunch  --  Harborside Dining Room 
BROKER PERSPECTIVE ON THE LIVE SHELLFISH=20 
IMPORT/EXPORT BUSINESS 
Bill Marinelli, Marinelli Shellfish Company, San Francisco 
 
2:30 - 4:25 
LIVE SHELLFISH FISHERIES OF CALIFORNIA'S=20 
SOUTH-CENTRAL COAST: HARVESTING, HANDLING,=20 
AND SHIPPING OF HIGH-VALUE CRUSTACEANS AND=20 
MOLLUSKS. 
John Richards, California Sea Grant Extension Program, Santa=20 
Barbara, and Rick 
Gutierrez, San Pedro Fish Company, Santa Barbara  and Robert J.=20 
Price, Ph.D., 
Dept. of Food Science and Tech., University of California,=20 
Davis, California 
 
DELIVERING A QUALITY PRODUCT: POST-HARVEST=20 
TREATMENTS OF WILD-CAUGHT SHELLFISH FOR THE=20 
UK LIVE EXPORT MARKET. =20 
Roger Uglow, Ph.D., University of Hull , United Kingdom 
 
LIVE SHIPPING OF AQUATIC PRODUCTS IN THE=20 
NORTHEASTERN UNITED STATES. 
John W. Ewart, College of Marine Studies, University  of=20 
Delaware, Lewes, Delaware 
 
FROM HARVEST TO MARKET: MAINTAINING THE=20 
QUALITY AND VALUE OF LIVE MANILLA CLAMS=20 
(tapes philippinaru) 
William A. Heath, Ph.D., B.C. Ministry of Agriculture,=20 
Fisheries & Food, 
Courtenay, British Columbia, Canada. 
 
SCALLOP HANDLING AND LIVE SHIPMENT. 
Jon Agosti, Qutekcak Shellfish Hatchery, Seward, Alaska 
 
4:25-4:50  --  Refreshment Break in Lobby 
4:50-6:45 
THE TAYLOR UNITED WET STORAGE SYSTEM FOR=20 
BIVALVES 
Bill Dewey, Taylor United, Shelton, Washington 
 
LIVE MARKET GEODUCKS:  EXPORT PACKAGING &=20 
ADEC REGULATIONS. 
Stephen La Croix, Nelson Products, Ketchikan, Alaska 
 
CULTURE, HOLDING, AND AIR TRANSPORT OF=20 
GIANT CLAMS (tridachna) FROM THE SOUTH PACIFIC. 
Idris Lane, International Center for Living Aquatic Resources=20 
Management, Honiara, 
Solomon Islands 
 
SHIPPING ADULT AND LARVAL ABALONE (haliotis=20 
spp.)  FOR RESEARCH OR COMMERCIAL PURPOSES. 
Susan McBride, California Sea Grant,  Eureka, California 
 
LIVE HOLDING AND TRANSPORT OF SEA URCHINS. 
Ben Baxter, Marine Live Products/Marine Machines, Inc.,=20 
Bernard, Maine 
 
THE USE OF INNOVATIVE PLASTIC "BREATHING=20 
BAGS" FOR THE TRANSPORT OF LIVE AQUATICS. 
Robert Rofen, Ph. D., Novalek Inc. and Aquatic Research=20 
Institute, Hayward, 
California 
 
6:45 - ADJOURN 
 
TUESDAY  October 15     7am-6pm    AUDITORIUM 
 
7:00-8:00  --  BREAKFAST in Conference Center Lobby 
 
8:00  --  INTRODUCTIONS - Brian Paust 
 
8:10 - 10:15 
LIVE HANDLING AND TRANSPORT OF DUNGENESS=20 
CRAB. 
Roger Brock, Trilogy Pacific, Inc. Bellingham, Washington 
 
LIVE FLOUNDER IN NORTH CAROLINA:  METHODS=20 
OF A GROWING INDUSTRY. 
Skip Kemp,  Sea Grant Program, Atlantic Beach, NC 
 
LIVE SHIPMENT OF THE MARINE SHRIMP, Penaeus=20 
vannamei, WITHOUT WATER. 
Craig L. Browdy, Ph.D., South Carolina Department of=20 
Natural Resources, U.S. 
Marine Shrimp Farming Program 
 
THE EFFECTS OF FRESHWATER SHRIMP SURVIVAL=20 
DURING WATERLESS SHIPMENT USING A ZEOLITE=20 
PACKAGING ENVIRONMENT. 
Carol Harper, Ph.D., Ruben Perz Sijo and John M. Kubaryk, =20 
University of Puerto 
Rico, Mayagez, P.R. 
 
AIR TRANSPORT OF LIVE KURUMA PRAWNS (Penaeus=20 
japonicus) TEMPERATURE CONTROL IMPROVES=20 
SURVIVAL. 
Bruce Goodrick, Senior Food Technologist, AAIFST,=20 
Queensland,  Australia 
10:00 - 10:30  --  Refreshment Break in Lobby 
 
10:30 - 1:00 
THE HOLDING AND LIVE SHIPPING OF LOBSTER:=20 
THE CANADIAN PERSPECTIVE. 
Colin MacDonald, Clearwater Fine Foods Inc., Bedford,=20 
Nova Scotia, Canada 
 
SHIPPING & HANDLING OF LIVE LOBSTERS:  THE=20 
AMERICAN PERSPECTIVE. 
John Riley,  Bio-Resource Engineering Department=20 
University of Maine,  Orono, 
Maine 
 
DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRITISH COLUMBIA LIVE=20 
FINFISH INDUSTRY. 
Mike Hamer, Vancouver, B.C., Canada 
 
AN INSIDE LOOK AT CATCHING, TRANSPORTING,=20 
AND MARKETING LIVE ROCKFISH. 
Richard Larson, Powak Fishing Co., Salt Spring Island,  BC, =20 
Canada 
 
THE BRITISH COLUMBIA LIVE FINFISH FISHERY=20 
FROM THE SMALL BOAT HARVESTER PERSPECTIVE. 
Valentyn deLeeuw and Hilde Harrison, Duncan,  British=20 
Columbia, Canada 
 
RAPID CHANGES AND GROWTH OF CALIFORNIA'S=20 
LIVE FINFISH FISHERY. 
Kimberly McKee-Lewis, California Dept. of Fish & Game,=20 
Santa Barbara, California 
 
LIVE FISH TECHNOLOGY: HISTORICAL CONVENIENCE=20 
TO MODERN MULTISPECIES STRATEGY IN NORWAY. 
Kjell Midling, Norwegian Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture,=20 
Tromsoe, Norway 
 
1:00-2:30 
Lunch  --  Harborside Dining Room 
TRANSPORT OF KILLER WHALE FROM MEXICO CITY=20 
TO NEWPORT, OREGON 
Mark Dickens, United Parcel Service, Atlanta, Georgia 
 
2:30 - 3:55 
THE DESIGN AND OPERATION OF LIVE SEAFOOD=20 
HOLDING SYSTEMS. 
Jerry Lang,  Majestic Seafood Products, Inc., Richmond  BC,=20 
Canada 
 
DEVELOPMENT OF IMPROVED TECHNIQUES FOR THE=20 
TRANSPORT OF LIVE FISH. 
Mike  Rimmer,  Finfish Aquaculture Research Group,  Cairns, =20 
Queensland, 
Australia 
 
MAJOR ELEMENTS OF A LIVE FISH TRANSPORT=20 
SYSTEM USING PURE OXYGEN 
Rob and Tjarda Barratt, Point Four Systems Inc., Port Moody, =20 
BC, Canada 
 
AQUAHAUL:  DEVELOPMENT OF HAULING TANK=20 
TREATMENT FOR FOOD FISH. 
James Fajt, AquaHaul, Manhattan, Kansas 
 
3:55 - 4:20  --  Refreshment Break - in Lobby 
4:20-6:00 
DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF AQUI-S. 
Jan Holland, Fish Transport Systems Ltd.  Canada and=20 
New Zealand 
 
THE NEW ZEALAND AND IKE DAI LIVE TRANSPORT=20 
SYSTEM. 
Barry Torkington, Fish Transport Systems Ltd., Canada and=20 
New Zealand 
 
LIVE TRADE IN CALIFORNIA FROM THE=20 
WHOLESALER'S PERSPECTIVE. 
Henry Cheung, Charlie Seafood, San Francisco, California=20 
and  Paul Olin, Ph.D., 
University  of California 
 
REVIEW OF THE LIVE FISH INDUSTRY:  A=20 
CALIFORNIA RESTAURANT OWNER'S PERSPECTIVE. 
John Ho, Ming Dynasty Restaurant, Santa Barbara,=20 
California and Deborah McArdle, 
University of California, Santa Barbara, California 
 
6:00  --  Brian Paust    CLOSING REMARKS 
 
***ADJOURN*** 
=C5 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 10:24:21 1996 
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Date: Fri, 13 Sep 1996 09:10:44 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Spawning at FGBNMS 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960913091014.24279A-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 13:42:15 -0400 
From: CBAggie@aol.com 
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Octocoral Spawn (fwd) 
 
On the night of  Sept 3, 4, &5 A mass spawning event was again observed at 
the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.  In addition the the many 
colonies of Diploria and Montastrea species obsreved releasing gametes, a 
single small (approx. 15cm diameter)  colony of Porites astreoides was 
observed slowly releasing a milky white substance similar to the sperm 
release previously seen in male M. cavernosa species.  This seems somewhat 
unexpected, as I understand P. astreoides to be a brooding species.  Could 
someone shed some light on this for me. 
 
Carl Beaver 
Center for Coastal Studies 
Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 10:50:12 1996 
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From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
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To: Dave Alan Gulko <gulko@hawaii.edu> 
cc: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        CoralBleach <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>, 
        E_WILLIAMS@rumac.upr.clu.edu, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, 
        fholt@nesdis.noaa.gov, 
        michael=crosby%DIR%NORM@oaservera2.ssmc.noaa.gov, 
        rfeden@nesdis.noaa.gov, rhayes@access.howard.edu 
Subject: Re: "Coral Bleaching Event in Hawai'i" 
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Dave Gulko - 
Coral bleaching enthusiasts[?]: You may now get up to date SST anomaly 
info that should help in locating potential high-SST related coral 
bleaching areas of possible concern from our WebSite at: 
 
http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html 
 
Let us know what you think. 
 
Hawaii has been in an area of high SSTs for the past month or so... 
 
Cheers, 
Al Strong 
***************************************************************************** 
                                Alan E. Strong 
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer                 Adj. Asst. Professor 
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy 
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711                    Oceanography Department 
  Camp Springs, MD  20233                          Annapolis, MD  21402 
	301-763-8102                                    410-293-6566 [v-mail] 
	astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov                         strong@nadn.navy.mil 
	FAX: 301-763-8020                               FAX: 410-293-2137 
     http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html 
***************************************************************************** 
 
On Thu, 12 Sep 1996, Dave Alan Gulko wrote: 
 
> 	A major coral bleaching event began in late August in the south 
> basin of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu in response to high temperature.  A long 
> period of hot, calm weather drove temperatures into the 29 - 30 degrees 
> centigrade range in the restricted basin (this is 1 - 2 degrees 
> centrigrade higher than oceanic temperatures).  The return of trade winds 
> and cloud cover during the second week of September lowered surface water 
> temperatures into the "safe" range.  If the temperatures continue at 
> normal levels, we expect most of the coral to recover within 1-3 months. 
> The event is under investigation by Paul Jokiel of the Hawai'i Institute 
> of Marine Biology (jokiel@hawaii.edu). 
>  
>  
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 12:38:50 1996 
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Date: 13 Sep 1996 10:19:02 -0400 
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral spawning@Flower Gardens 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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For those of you interested in spawning and spawning-related research, the 
enclosed report will be of interest.  We had very intense spawning at the 
Flower Gardens this year, with an interesting split between two consecutive 
nights.  I'm not sure exactly what that means, but it may have to do with the 
timing of the full moon, which was around noon on August 28.  Some corals may 
have seen the 28th as the first evening following the full moon; others may 
have used the 29th as the first evening after the full moon.  Also, the split 
between species formerly seen to spawn on the same night may mean that 
chemical cues are not all that important in triggering mass spawning among 
multiple species.  Your suggestions and comments are welcome.   
 
 
begin 666 Spawn 1996 Rept 
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M(C@````"```3IP````(``!.H``"``@``$ZD``(`"```3J@``@`(``!J;``"` 
M`@``$ZX``(`"```3L0``@`(``!.Y``"``@``&J4``(`"```3U```@`(``!JL 
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M*@````(``!3H``"``@``'MP``(`"```61@``@`(``![=``"``@``%DH``(`" 
M```>X```@`(``![F/8&``@``'O$``(`"```>]CV!@`(``!\```"``@``%HL` 
M`(`"```?#@``@`(``!:<``"``@``'P\``(`"```6IP``@`(``!]&``"``@`` 
M%ND``(`"```?7P``@`(``!<O``"``@``'VH``(`"```?;P``@`(``!]T``"` 
M`@``%S```(`"```?@P``@`(``!_#``"``@``']$``(`"```?YP``@`(``!>[ 
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MO```@`(``"$A``"``@``(3(``(`"```AA```@`(``"&)`````@``&2(````" 
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M`(`"```>&SV!@`(``!XP``"``@``'F```(`"```>;```@`(``!YQ``"``@`` 
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M2V5N($1E<VQA<GIE<P`````````````````````````````````````````` 
K`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````&-A 
` 
end 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 15:14:10 1996 
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Date: Fri, 13 Sep 1996 19:42:51 +0200 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Norbert Schmidt <Norbert.Schmidt@net4you.co.at> 
Subject: Coral spawning Curacao 
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Manfred van Veghel reports spawning was observed for the sixth consecutive 
year.Would be interested whether it occurred every year at the very same time?? 
 
I suggest to include in all future reports lunar phase and currentconditions 
as well.(Can figure out moon phase of specific dates of course,but who has 
such a calender at hands? Currents are a lot more difficult to reconstruct). 
In my observations in Maldives virtually everything is related to currents 
(or is it the moon causing the currents?) 
 
Norbert Schmidt 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 16:59:13 1996 
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Date: Fri, 13 Sep 1996 13:55:17 -0500 (GMT-0500) 
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm> 
To: EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Spawning Curacao 
In-Reply-To: <199609122057.QAA27433@tula.cura.net> 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.90.960913134912.3439D-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm> 
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A quick question: did you check for spawning at the Last Quarter in early  
August?  In Jamaica, we though that would be too early this year: as they  
did at the Flower Gardens, but were then surprised by the amount of spawning. 
 
Jeremy Woodley 
 
On Thu, 12 Sep 1996, EcoSense wrote: 
 
> Hello Coral Spawning Fans, 
>  
> Coral Spawning observations from Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 1996 
>  
> Reefs on Curacao were monitored on with Reef Care Volunteers: 
> August 30 through September 2 from 21.00 - 22.15 pm 
> August 31 & September 1 from 16.00 - 17.00 pm 
> September 3 through September 5 from 19.30 - 23.00 pm 
>  
> Spawning observations: 
> Date         Location	Species		Time		#		% 
> 31 Aug     Seaquarium	Gorgonia ventalina?	21.30-22.15	10		25% 
> 04 Sept     Slangenbaai	Montastrea  annularis  
>                                       Columnar	                   21.20		1		<5% 
>                                       Massive	                   22.12-22.20	2		<5% 
>                                       Montastrea cavernosa	21.45-22.05	3 (2male; 1 female)	5% 
> 05 Sept     Slangenbaai  Ruby Brittlestar	21.20-21.17	3 (2 male; 1 female) 
>                                       Montastrea cavernosa	21.50		1 (male)		<5% 
>  
> This is the 6th consecutive year we are monitoring the spawning on 
> Curacao. Never before we saw so little spawning in either one of the 
> months of this `split-spawning-event'. May be a consequence of last 
> years bleaching! A major spawning is expected from 2 to 4 October.   
>  
> Observations from Aruba, Bonaire and Saba are pending. 
>  
> Manfred van Veghel 
> EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
> Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
> PO Box 3187 
> Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 
> Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 13 23:45:24 1996 
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Date: 	Fri, 13 Sep 1996 17:20:36 -1000 
From: Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: cindyh@uhunix3 
Reply-To: Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: "Coral Bleaching Event in Hawai'i" 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.93.960912120640.23841A-100000@uhunix1> 
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The current coral bleaching event in Hawaii is not limited to Kane'ohe 
Bay.  Corals in Kailua Bay, a shallow but more open-coast environment 
southeast of Kane'ohe Bay on Oahu, have shown exceptional bleaching 
responses over the past two weeks.  
 
The bleaching in Kailua Bay was first evident on Labor Day weekend--just 
after a period of very warm, nearly windless weather conditions.  
Near-shore seawater temperature in Kailua Bay on September 2nd was 31 
degrees C. Up until that time (over the past four years), we had not 
measured temperatures higher than 29.5 degrees in Kailua Bay [on 9/7/95]. 
All coral species (large massive bommies=Porites evermanni and P.  lobata;  
rice and lavendar coral=Montipora verrucosa and M. flabellata; rose and 
lace coral=Pocillopora meandrina, P. ligulata, and P. damicornis)  were 
bleached to varying extent, except the common finger coral, Porites 
compressa; bleaching in this species didn't appear for another three to 
four days.  Of note is that colonies of Montipora patula, an encrusting 
species found in the same habitat and often adjacent to bleached Montipora 
verrucosa and M. flabellata, has _not_ bleached.  
 
As of yesterday (September 12th), nearly every coral in Kailua Bay from 
shore to about 1.5 km out--in depths to 5 m--appeared bleached, with most 
colonies being white or very pale. In the past 10 years of our studies on 
corals in Kailua Bay, we have not seen anything close to such a bleaching 
response, both in terms of extent of pigment loss and numbers of species 
involved.  
 
Seawater temperatures returned to normal (about 28 degrees) rapidly 
(within a week). Since we have not previously observed such an extreme 
bleaching event in Hawaii, we cannot predict how long corals will take to 
recover. Some mortality is already apparent in colonies of the most 
rapidly bleached species-- Pocillopora damicornis and P. meandrina (lace 
and rose coral).  
 
 
Cindy Hunter 
Celia Smith  
Botany Dept. 
University of Hawaii 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 14 13:14:57 1996 
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Date: Sat, 14 Sep 1996 09:31:20 -0700 (PDT) 
From: "Dr.Deborah M. Brosnan" <brosnan@lclark.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: jetty impacts 
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I am looking for any information on the impacts of constructing jetties  
and marinas on coral reef communities. I'm interested in effects of the  
actual construction process, e.g. increased turbidity, sedimentation  
etc. from disturbing the sediment. I'm also interested in teh secondary  
and longterm effects. For instance, a new jetty or marina means more boat  
traffic and there is greater potential for anchor damage, and oil  
pollution (often runoff from discarded oil). 
 
If anyone has any information, or knows of publications or reports I'd  
appreciate hearing from you. 
Thanks 
Deborah Brosnan 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 16 09:59:00 1996 
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Date: Mon, 16 Sep 1996 08:17:59 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Spawning at FGBNMS (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960916081740.783B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 13 Sep 1996 17:14:23 -0400 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Spawning at FGBNMS 
 
Porites astreoides is a brooder, but that means it broods it's eggs.  if it 
is to outcross with other individuals, each colony must release sperm, which 
is likely what you saw. 
 
Alina Szmant 
 
At 09:10 AM 9/13/96 -0400, you wrote: 
>---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
>Date: Thu, 12 Sep 1996 13:42:15 -0400 
>From: CBAggie@aol.com 
>To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov 
>Subject: Re: Octocoral Spawn (fwd) 
> 
>On the night of  Sept 3, 4, &5 A mass spawning event was again observed at 
>the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.  In addition the the many 
>colonies of Diploria and Montastrea species obsreved releasing gametes, a 
>single small (approx. 15cm diameter)  colony of Porites astreoides was 
>observed slowly releasing a milky white substance similar to the sperm 
>release previously seen in male M. cavernosa species.  This seems somewhat 
>unexpected, as I understand P. astreoides to be a brooding species.  Could 
>someone shed some light on this for me. 
> 
>Carl Beaver 
>Center for Coastal Studies 
>Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi 
> 
> 
> 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 18 08:55:30 1996 
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Date: Wed, 18 Sep 1996 07:58:37 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: NOAA/EPA Coral Reef Symposium (1/95) on Web 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960918075601.2339A-100000@coral> 
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The symposium entitled, 
 
A Coral Reef Symposium on Practical, Reliable, Low Cost Monitoring Methods 
for Assessing the Biota and Habitat Conditions of Coral Reefs 
(January 26-27, 1995; Annapolis, Maryland) 
 
can now be viewed on the Web at the following URL: 
 
	http://www.epa.gov/OW/coral/symposium.html 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 18 17:46:13 1996 
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Date: Wed, 18 Sep 1996 16:46:58 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
To: Coral-List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
cc: osoricks@aol.com, John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
Subject: Coral harvest for bone restoration 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.93.960918164213.29378A-100000@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
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Does anyone have any information on the harvest of corals for orthopedic 
surgery and bone restoration?  I am particularly interested in where and 
how such coral collection is done, what species are taken, and whether or 
not it is damaging to coral reefs.  Does anyone know the companies that 
prepare the material for medical use?  Thanks. 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 18 23:40:51 1996 
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Date: Wed, 18 Sep 1996 17:03:00 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
cc: Coral-List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>, osoricks@aol.com 
Subject: Re: Coral harvest for bone restoration 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.93.960918164213.29378A-100000@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.960918170007.6389B-100000@iniki> 
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John, 
 
Can't add much insight to help answer your question, except that Goniopora 
and, I think, Porites are both used for bone grafts.  But I want to add 
that I would be interested in receiving the same information.  Most corals 
are fairly easy to cultivate in captivity and if there is a demand the 
Waikiki Aquarium (and other "coral farmers") might be able to provide 
cultured material. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
 
On Wed, 18 Sep 1996, John Ogden wrote: 
 
>  
> Does anyone have any information on the harvest of corals for orthopedic 
> surgery and bone restoration?  I am particularly interested in where and 
> how such coral collection is done, what species are taken, and whether or 
> not it is damaging to coral reefs.  Does anyone know the companies that 
> prepare the material for medical use?  Thanks. 
>  
> John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
> Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
> 830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 19 11:31:23 1996 
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Date: Thu, 19 Sep 1996 09:54:01 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: More on coral and bones 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.960919095102.11312G-100000@wave> 
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The following should be more helpful.  They mention, "Surgeons use  
Porites and Goniopora corals for such grafts." 
 
 FitzGerald, Lisa M. Building coral bones. Sea Frontiers v. 38 (Feb. '92) p. 
13 il.  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 19 11:46:01 1996 
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Date: Thu, 19 Sep 1996 09:41:00 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: coral and bones 
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The following references may be of help for at least locating the  
Principal Investigators; then you can ask them more about where they got  
their coral. 
 
 
Pool, Robert.  1995. Coral chemistry leads to human bone repair.  Science  
267(Mar 24): 1772. 
 
Mora, F; Ouhayoun, J P.  1995. Clinical evaluation of natural coral and 
porous hydroxyapatite implants in periodontal bone lesions: Results of a 
1-year follow-up. Journal of clinical periodontology. Volume 22, Number 11: 
877 
 
Arnaud, E.; Morieux, C.; Wybier, M.; De Vernejoul, M.-C. Osteogenesis induced 
by the combination of growth factor, ilbrin glue and coral. Development of a 
substitute for autologous bone graft. Experimental study in the  
rabbit. Annales de chirurgie plastique et esthetique. 39(4): 491. 
 
 
Doherty, M. J.; Schlag, G.; Schwarz, N.; Mollan, R.A.B.. Biocompatibility of 
xenogeneic bone, commercially available coral, a bioceramic and tissue 
sealant for human osteoblasts. Biomaterials 15(8): 601. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 19 12:43:14 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Thu, 19 Sep 1996 22:03:40 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199609191403.WAA27959@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Re: Request for Info on Coral Implants 
To: Coral-List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu>, 
        Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
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In 1989, I did a story on coral implants for Asia Technology magazine. At that  
time, the major company in Asia marketing coral implants was a French company  
called SOFAMOR. They were purchasing their corals in New Caledonia and Tonga.  
Their contact numbers were: 
 
SOFAMOR Asia Pacific Ltd 
Room 1910 Asian House 
1 Hennessy Road 
Wanchai, Hong Kong 
Fax (852) 2865-2237 
Tel (852) 2528-1363 
 
Given the time since this story, it is quite likely that they have moved. So  
if anyone has trouble tracking them down, let me know and I can try to see if  
they are still here in HK. The company is large and sells many other products. 
 
Closer to home (for those in US) is a US manufacturer: 
 
INTERPORE International 
18008 Skypark Circle 
Irvine California 
(800) 722-4489 
In california (800) 722-4488 
 
The technology of turning coral into implants was developed by Dr. John Weber,  
Prof. Marine Geology and Prof. Eugene White, Solid State Science Dept. at Penn  
State Univ. USA 
 
Hope this helps. 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Institute for Environmental Studies 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 
gregorh@hk.super.net 
Fax: (852) 2358-1582 
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 19 12:52:29 1996 
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Date: Thu, 19 Sep 1996 14:06:22 +0000 (GMT) 
From: Marea Hatziolos <mhatziolos@worldbank.org> 
Subject: RE: Coral harvest for bone restoration 
In-reply-to: <Pine.SUN.3.93.960918164213.29378A-100000@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
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        John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
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          John, 
           
          I don't have a specific reference for you, but you may wish to  
          get in touch with Dr. David Newman at the National Cancer  
          Institute who does bioprospecting in marine species.  His  
          address is: 
           
          		Dr. David Newman 
          		Division of Cancer Treatment 
          		National Cancer Institute 
          		Cancer REsearch and Development Center 
          		P.O. Box B 
          		Frederick, MD  21702-1201 
           
          		Tel: (301) 846-5387 
          		FAX: (301) 846-6178 
          		e-mail:  Newman@dtpvx2.ncifcrf.gov 
           
          If you find out anything, I'd really be interested in hearing  
          about it. 
           
          Thanks and good luck! 
           
           
          Marea 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 20 04:53:12 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Loic Charpy <lcharpy@com.univ-mrs.fr> 
Subject: Marine Cyanobacteria Symposium 
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MARINE CYANOBACTERIA and related organisms 
With the exiting developments in the field of marine cyanobacteria and 
related organisms 
 over recent years it has become clear that there is a pressing need to draw 
the diverse 
 interests together for a general symposium. 
 This international symposium will focus on the new techniques which have become 
 available over the past few years such as molecular phylogeny and cell 
sorting to bring  
experts in a diversity of fields together to address the important results 
but are just now 
 becoming available. 
 
Organizers 
L. Charpy (ORSTOM, France) & A.W. Larkum (University of Sydney, Australie) 
 
Organizing Committee 
L. Charpy (ORSTOM, COM), A.W. Larkum (University of Sydney), C. 
Charpy-Roubaud (ORSTOM, COM), 
 T. Le Campion-Alsumard (CNRS, COM), S. Maestrini (CNRS, CREMA), 
 J.-F. Pavillon (Institut Ocanographique) 
 
Scientific committe 
L. Charpy (France), A.W. Larkum (Australia), L.J. Borowitzka (Australia), M. 
Borowitzka (Australia),  
C. Charpy-Roubaud (France), R.D. Fox (France), M. Furnas (Australia), S. 
Golubic (USA), M. Herdman (France), 
 T. Le Campion-Alsumard (France), S. Maestrini (France), Balobe M. 
(Lettonie), J. O'Neal (Australia), D. Vaulot (France). 
 
For information contact 
Dr. Loc Charpy, OSTOM, Centre d'Ocanologie de Marseille, Rue de la 
Batterie des Lions, 13007 France. 
Fax : (33) 91.04.16.35 
E-mail : charpy@orstom.rio.net 
 
Scope of the Symposium 
 The symposium will be organized in a set of symposia and workshops to 
address the most important issues. 
 A list of symposia is set out below. The proceedings of the symposium will 
be published as " Marine Cyanobacteria ". 
  
List of Symposia 
 
1 Taxonomy and Phylogeny 
 
2 Environment : Ecology and Global changes 
 
3 Nutrient relations 
 
4 Productivity 
 
5 Harmful blooms and Natural products 
 
6 Aquaculture and Genetic manipulation 
 
 The home page french an english versions are located in : 
htpp://com.univ-mrs.fr/orstom/charpy.html and 
http://com.univ-mrs.fr/orstom/charpy_e.html 
Loic Charpy 
Centre d'Ocanologie de Marseille 
Traverse de la Batterie des Lions 
F-13007 Marseille France 
Tel. 91.04.16.00 Fax 91.04.16.35 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 20 12:40:18 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: Steve Morrison <smorrison@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coastweeks Celebration 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 1996 15:23:17 GMT 
From: Steve Morrison <smorrison@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coastweeks 
 
smorrison@ocean.nos.noaa.gov (Steve Morrison) sent the following: 
 
------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
I'm writing you to alert you to this year's Coastweeks Celebration.  As 
you may or may not know, Coastweeks activities include beach clean-ups, 
nature walks and programs to educate us all on the importance of our 
coasts.  We at NOAA's National Ocean Service have created a web site that 
lists various Coastweeks activities state-by-state.  In order to 
disseminate this information as widely as possible, could you please link 
to our page and let your colleagues and other know about it as well. 
Thank you for your time.  The address is: 
 
http://www.nos.noaa.gov/coastweeks/into.html 
 
 
Steve Morrison 
smorrison@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
------------------------------------------------------------ 
Server protocol: HTTP/1.0 
Remote host: fjord.nos.noaa.gov 
Remote IP address: 140.90.168.129 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 20 12:41:01 1996 
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 20 Sep 1996 10:37:49 -0500 (UTC -05:00) 
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 1996 10:37:49 -0500 (UTC -05:00) 
From: "DAPHNE G. FAUTIN" <fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> 
Subject: ICRS 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: FAUTIN <FAUTIN@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> 
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Is the list of participants at the June ICRS in Panama available  
electronically?  If so, where? 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Sep 20 16:42:52 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Steve Coles <slcoles@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
Subject: More Coral Bleaching in Hawaii 
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Yesterday (19Sep96) I observed moderate coral bleaching on the reefs of 
leewad Oahu, Hawaii from Nanakuli to Kahe Point and to depths of 8 m.  From 
these observations, it can be assumed that this condition extends to the 
entire western side of Oahu, the first time that it has been reported from 
this area.  In contrast to the total zooxanthellar pigment loss reported 
last week for corals in two areas in embayments on windward Oahu, the 
present bleaching is partial and limited to three species.  Pocillopora 
meandrina is most affected, with about 5% of the colonies observed having 
lost pigmant on their branches but retaining some zooxanthellar pigment in 
their branch bases, resulting in a pale coral with the pink to rose coral 
characteristic of coral tissue pigments.  Encrusting Montipora capitata 
(=verrucosa), present in low abundandance, is totally bleached, while 
encrusting Montipora patula ranges bleached to normal.  The dominant coral 
in the area, Porites lobata, with a few exceptions, is generally unchanged. 
 
This is the first time this phenomenon has been observed in this area in 25 
years of monitoring.  This is a completely open coastline with no 
opportunity for restriction of circulation that would promote localized 
heating of ambient water. Temperature measured at the time was 27.0-27.2 
deg. C. Intake temperatures continuously monitored by the nearby Kahe Power 
Station will provide a record for the last month which can be correlated 
with this event. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 21 22:07:51 1996 
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Date: Sat, 21 Sep 1996 20:13:27 -0500 (CDT) 
Message-Id: <199609220113.UAA29684@homer.bethel.edu> 
From: "Ian S. Johnston"  <johian@homer.acs.bethel.edu> 
Reply-To: "Ian S. Johnston"  <i-johnston@bethel.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Search for a textbook 
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During January '97 I will be teaching a course ("Human Impacts on Coral Reefs")  
in the Philippines and Hawaii for a small group of students from here in the Mid 
West.  In previous years I have used Sue Wells and Nick Hanna's "The Greenpeace  
Book of Coral Reefs" as a required textbook .... it was not only technically  
ideal (covering the material at the right level) but also a beautifully  
illustrated "keep-sake" for my students.  Unfortunately the book is out of print 
so I am looking for suggestions for a substitute (one that is currently in  
print, or due out by the beginning of November) .... or alternatively, does  
anyone know of a stache of 15 copies of the Greenpeace book that I could buy on  
behalf of my students? 
 
Any advice will be gratefully received .... thanks 
 
Ian S. Johnston, Ph.D. 
Department of Biological Sciences 
Bethel College, St.Paul, MN 55112, USA 
Office phone & Voice Mail (612) 638 6198 
Home phone (612) 633 0703 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 23 00:39:02 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: ed drew <edrew@ultra.net.au> 
Subject: Surplus Halimeda sediment samples 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
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Now that I have finished sieving the 1100 sediment samples collected for 
studies  
of the Halimeda banks of the GBR, at last, I am left with a small mountain  
of surplus back-up duplicates which may soon be consigned to the local dump. 
 
However, since most sedimentology educators and alike will not have access  
to this type of material, anyone seriously interested in acquiring some  
should e-mail me for further details.  
 
I have in mind a cross-shelf set of four samples, sieved to gravel, sand and  
mud fractions and complete with location map. They would then be directly  
referable to my < Atlas of GBR Halimeda Banks > when it finally sees the  
light of day. 
 
Ed   
 
 ------------------------- Dr Edward A Drew ----------------------- 
| PO Box 361, Castletown, Hyde Park, Townsville, Q 4812, Australia | 
| TEL  +61-077-724452  FAX  +61-077-213538  MOBILE  +61-014-879869 | 
| EMAIL edrew@ultra.net.au       - or -       edrew@ozemail.com.au |    
| WWW   http://www.ozemail.com.au/~edrew                           | 
 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 23 02:37:18 1996 
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From: rogeru@batelco.com.bh 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral bleaching in Bahrain, Arabian Gulf 
Date: Mon, 23 Sep 1996 08:59:44 +0300 
Message-ID: <19960923055943.AAA9900@as08p11.access.batelco.com.bh> 
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This summer we observed several areas of coral bleaching.  Areas were 
adjacent to the main island of Bahrain, as well as up to 15 miles offshore. 
 
Water temperature during July and August this year regularly reached 37 
degrees C inshore (also at the fish hatchery intake).  Water temperatures 
were also once recorded about 20 miles offshore.  It was 35 degrees C, even 
in 13 m of water.  Informal discussions with fish hatchery staff here 
indicate that water temperture this year may have been up to 4 degrees C 
higher than that recorded last year. 
 
Things are cooling down a bit now.  Water is down to about 30 degrees C now. 
Bleached corals are beginnning to foul with algae. 
 
Roger Uwate, Ph.D. 
Advisor 
Directorate of Fisheries 
P.O. Box 20071 
Bahrain 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 25 13:10:47 1996 
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From: kudalaut@indo.net.id 
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Date: Wed, 25 Sep 1996 23:00:09 -0700 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral reef monitoring project in Indonesia 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Dear everybody, 
 
I am managing, together with 3 colleagues, a diving center in Manado, 
Indonesia. Being all biologists, we are doing our best for education and 
conservation in our area. 
 
At present we are writing a protocol for operational procedures for a reef 
monitoring program. We would be very grateful to any scientist involved in 
similar programs who like to look at it and to give some criticism. We think 
it could be some activity proposed for International Year of the Reef 1997. 
What is your opinion? 
 
The document is actually a Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows file (.doc) that I 
can send to you as attachment via e-mail. Can you read this format? 
 
If anybody of you is interested in receiving the file, please, let me know. 
 
Looking forward for hearing from you. 
 
Best Regards 
 
Massimo Boyer 
 
 
              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   
              * Manado Seagarden Adventures               * 
              * Kuda Laut Project                         * 
              * P.O. Box 1535                             * 
              * Manado 95001                              * 
              * North Sulawesi                            * 
              * Indonesia                                 * 
              * Phone and fax: +62 431 61100              * 
              * E mail: kudalaut@indo.net.id              * 
              * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut * 
              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 25 15:17:49 1996 
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Date: Wed, 25 Sep 1996 08:29:27 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Solomons 
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.960925082720.16369C-100000@iniki> 
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Folks returning from dive trips to the Solomon Islands have reported 
extensive damage to corals due to heat stress.  Apparently the effect is 
very widespread.  I cannot confirm this from first-hand observation but 
the reports come from people who have been there "before" and "after" so I 
consider them highly reliable. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Sep 25 15:48:55 1996 
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	for <coral-list@reef> id OAA16067; Wed, 25 Sep 1996 14:27:11 -0400 
Date: Wed, 25 Sep 1996 14:27:11 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: FGBNMS Spawning text 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960925142434.16063A-200000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: MULTIPART/MIXED; BOUNDARY="-1066435821-1121076680-843676031=:16063" 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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X-Status:  
 
  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text, 
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. 
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. 
 
---1066435821-1121076680-843676031=:16063 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
 
 
On September 13, 1996, Steve Gittings circulated a message concerning 
spawning at the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.  That 
message contained a uuencoded document which was not easily translated by 
some of you.  Therefore, I have attached that document here in text 
format. 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
---1066435821-1121076680-843676031=:16063 
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biBieSBjb3JhbHMuDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0KDQoNCg0K 
---1066435821-1121076680-843676031=:16063-- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 26 13:38:31 1996 
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Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 12:39:43 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: FGBNMS Spawn text location 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.960926123815.17738A-100000@coral> 
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If you wish to retrieve the FGBNMS '96 text via ftp, you can get it via 
anonymous ftp at coral.aoml.noaa.gov in the following subdirectory: 
 
	pub/champ/docs/misc 
 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	JCH 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 26 17:22:35 1996 
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26 Sep 1996 16:48:25 -0400 
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Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 16:48:25 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@marine.usf.edu> 
To: Rosa Elisa Rodriguez <rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
cc: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        "A.J. Edwards" <a.j.edwards@newcastle.ac.uk> 
Subject: Re: Management courses (fwd) 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SOL.3.91.960926121307.7144D-100000@mar> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.93.960926164601.18875F-100000@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
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In my view the best course in this field is the M.Sc. in Tropical Coastal 
management at Newcastle, UK: 
 
Dr. Alasdair J. Edwards, Course Director 
Centre for Tropical Coastal Management 
Department of Marine Sciences and Coastal Management 
University of Newcastle 
Newcastle NE1 7RU 
UNITED KINGDOM 
 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
On Thu, 26 Sep 1996, Rosa Elisa Rodriguez wrote: 
 
>  
> Hello, 
>  
> Does anyone have information about Integral Coast Management Courses that  
> give enfasis to Coral Reefs? 
>  
> Any information will be helpful. 
>  
> Thank you 
>  
> Rosa Rodriguez 
> Ap. Postal 1174 
> 77500 Cancun, Q. Roo 
> MEXICO 
>  
> Tel (987)102-19 
> Fax (987) 101-38 
>  
> e-mail: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 26 17:47:09 1996 
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Message-ID: <324AF620.72A9@igc.apc.org> 
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 13:31:12 -0800 
From: coral <coral@igc.apc.org> 
Reply-To: coral@igc.apc.org 
Organization: Coral Forest 
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.02 (Macintosh; I; 68K) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral reef education 
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If you are interested in knowing about recently released coral reef=20 
educational materials, please read the rest of this message. Thank you. 
Marcy Roth 
Campaign Manager 
--=20 
Coral Forest 
400 Montgomery Street, Suite 400 
San Francisco, CA 94104 USA 
(415) 788-REEF (7333) 
Fax (415) 331-4064 
E-mail: coral@igc.apc.org 
Web site: http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest 
 
CORAL FOREST TEACHER'S GUIDE 
 
Much of CORAL FOREST's mission to preserve coral reef ecosystems is 
accomplished through education.  As a part of our organizational 
strategy and in response to numerous requests from teachers around the 
world, CORAL FOREST has developed an interdisciplinary, hands-on 
Teacher's Guide for grades K-5, 6-8, and 9-12.  With more than 160 
pages, it is currently the most extensive and comprehensive coral reef 
teacher's guide available in the United States. 
 
CORAL FOREST's Executive Director Wendy Weir recruited master teachers 
experienced in curriculum development to help produce this spirally 
integrated guide.  It was first written and tested in the classroom by 
our team of teachers, then edited and field-tested by other teachers, 
educators from major aquariums and scientific institutions, scientific 
advisors, and CORAL FOREST staff.  The guide is contained in a 
three-ring binder making it easy to add information and lesson plan 
updates.  A full-color interpretive poster - The Coral Forest: 
Diversity of Life on the Coral Reef, a scripted slide presentation, 
and several books are also available as supplementary references, 
along with our web site located at 
http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest 
 
The objective of the Teacher's Guide is to present students and 
teachers with highly informative yet interesting educational material 
that will encourage them to think about the complexity of coral reefs 
and their surrounding environment, the threats reefs are facing, and 
the possible solutions to these threats.  The guide also presents 
students with different ways to take action to save  reefs, thereby 
instilling in them the understanding and confidence that they can 
improve the world in which they live. 
 
Organization of the Materials 
 
The Teacher's Guide is divided into three sections: 
        =80       Background Information 
        =80       Lesson Plans: K-5, 6-8, and 9-12 
        =80       Resources 
 
All information contained in these sections may be reproduced for 
classroom use only. 
 
Background Information - The Background Information provides teachers 
of all grades with extensive information about coral reefs, so that 
they can effectively instruct their students and use the lesson plans. 
It addresses three major areas. 
 
        =80       What and Where are the Coral Reefs? describes the 
anatomy,reproduction and feeding behaviors of coral polyps, as well 
as their geographic location and formation. 
 
        =80       Life on the Coral Reef explains the biodiversity of 
the coral reef ecosystem and describes the protection and predation 
techniques of the myriad of marine life that makes up the coral reef 
food chain.  This section also introduces four native coastal peoples 
and shows how they are taking action to protect their marine 
environment. 
 
        =80       Benefits, Threats, and Solutions emphasizes the 
economic and ecological importance of coral reefs to both humans and 
ecosystems. 
It demonstrates the anthropogenic threats reefs are facing and 
possible solutions to these problems. 
 
Lesson Plans: K-5, 6-8, and 9-12 - The lesson plans, with activities, 
masters, and assessment instruments, correlate with the three major 
areas discussed in the Background Information.  Each lesson provides 
the teacher with clear educational objectives and an interdisciplinary 
index to relate the curriculum to pertinent subject areas, such as 
science, math, geography, art and language arts.  It also provides 
guidelines for presentation of the material, and suggestions for 
follow-up and extension of the lessons. 
 
The lesson plans are formatted as follows: objective, 
interdisciplinary index, vocabulary, materials, presentation, and 
follow-up/extension.  Where relevant, they also contain review 
information. 
 
Resources - At the end of the Teacher's Guide is a resource section 
containing a glossary, bibliography, references for students, list of 
coral reef-related organizations, educational merchandise, and action 
programs.  This material supports and enhances the teacher's ability 
to present information about coral reefs in an efficient and thorough 
manner, and to expand the students' study and involvement with reefs 
if desired. 
 
CORAL FOREST is currently having the Teacher's Guide adapted and 
translated into Spanish and Hindi, and is working with the Smithsonian 
Tropical Research Institute to develop educational programs based upon 
this material for use in Central and South American countries. 
 
                     CORAL FOREST EDUCATIONAL PRODUCTS 
 
 
BARU BAY: AUSTRALIA 
Children's book and audio cassette tape 
with narration. By Bob Weir and Wendy 
Weir. 40 pages, 9" x 12" hardcover. 
#302 $20 
      =20 
Also available: PANTHER DREAM 
#303 $20 
 
THE CORAL FOREST Diversity of Life on the Coral Reef. Full color poster 
with key to the illustration and information.  25" x 36" 
#904 $10 
 
 
Teacher's Guide 
Coral reef teacher's guide with detailed 
background information, interdisciplinary 
lesson plans for K-5, 6-8, and 9-12 and 
resources. 158 pages in white 3-ring binder. 
#800 $22 
 
Slide Presentation 
Scripted slide presentation which corresponds to Background 
Information in Teacher's Guide. 40 full color coral reef slides. 
#801 $27.50 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Sep 28 12:12:28 1996 
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Date: Sat, 28 Sep 1996 08:02:50 -0700 (PDT) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ecology@bluemarble.net, 
        marine@vmsvax.simmons.edu, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu, 
        infoterra@cedar.univie.ac.at, spufahl@uclink2.berkeley.edu, 
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From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: New List on the Middle East 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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As part of our Middle Eastern Environmental Project, we are launching a new 
list devoted to the discussion of environmental issues in the Middle East, 
MIDEASTENVIRO.  
 
It is our hope to focus more attention on critical environmental issues in 
the region, including threats to marine and terrestrial biodiversity; 
desertification, and destruction of coral reef ecosystems and to increase 
the interface among researchers working for solutions. 
 
To subscribe: 
 
1. Send an e-mail message to listproc@environlink.org; 
2. Leave the subject line blank 
3. In the body of your message, type subscribe mideastenviro YOUR NAME (this 
is your real name, not your e-mail address). 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620	 
E-mail: pcis@igc.apc.org				 
WWW site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
			 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 29 02:44:00 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ecology@bluemarble.net, 
        marine@vmsvax.simmons.edu, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu, 
        infoterra@cedar.univie.ac.at, spufahl@uclink2.berkeley.edu, 
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        kingfshr@northcoast.com 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: New List on the Middle East 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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My apologies; there was an error in the instructions for subscribing to the 
list.  The correct address to send your requests is listproc@envirolink.org, 
not environlink.org.   
 
 
As part of our Middle Eastern Environmental Project, we are launching a new 
list devoted to the discussion of environmental issues in the Middle East, 
MIDEASTENVIRO.  
 
It is our hope to focus more attention on critical environmental issues in 
the region, including threats to marine and terrestrial biodiversity; 
desertification, and destruction of coral reef ecosystems and to increase 
the interface among researchers working for solutions. 
 
To subscribe: 
 
1. Send an e-mail message to listproc@envirolink.org; 
2. Leave the subject line blank 
3. In the body of your message, type subscribe mideastenviro YOUR NAME (this 
is your real name, not your e-mail address). 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 						 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter  
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  	 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620	 
E-mail: pcis@igc.apc.org				 
WWW site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
			 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
Union of Concerned Scientists, Sound Science Initiative 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
"The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it." 
                                   -- William James 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Sep 29 21:25:48 1996 
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Date: Sun, 29 Sep 1996 18:37:08 -0400 
From: "Nabil M. El-Khodari" <fits@servtech.com> 
Reply-To: fits@servtech.com 
Organization: FITS (Falcon International Teleco./Translation Services) 
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To: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
CC: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ecology@bluemarble.net, 
        marine@vmsvax.simmons.edu, ENVIRONMENT-L@cornell.edu, 
        infoterra@cedar.univie.ac.at, spufahl@uclink2.berkeley.edu, 
        traffic@wcmc.org.uk, unep@UNEP.ORG, jwaugh@iucnus.org, 
        kingfshr@northcoast.com 
Subject: Re: INFOTERRA: New List on the Middle East 
References: <2.2.16.19960928080606.852fd576@pop.igc.org> 
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GreenLife Society wrote: 
>  
> As part of our Middle Eastern Environmental Project, we are launching a new 
> list devoted to the discussion of environmental issues in the Middle East, 
> MIDEASTENVIRO. 
 
Congratulations to GLSNA on its initiative. The Middle East needs some 
attention particularly when all activities seem centered around Eatern 
and Central Europe and Latin America. 
 
It seems that the concept of sharing one global village, where any 
pollution in one area affects the whole world, is ignored. 
 
Hope to see more initiatives towards the Middle East and Africa. 
 
GLSNA has been the first organizations to encompass my earlier posts 
about Arabic posting on the WWW. You can visit the GLSNA Arabic Site at 
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/3285/arabic.htm 
 
Sincerely, 
--  
Nabil M. El-Khodari	  HTML Writers Guild	mailto:fits@servtech.com 
Web designer	 Software Contractors' Guild	Tel.: (416) 762-5135 
http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/3285/	Fax.: (416) 762-3490 
President, FITS (Falcon International Teleco./Translation Services) 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 30 17:55:34 1996 
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From: earias@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx (Ernesto Arias Gonzalez) 
Subject: Coral species 
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I am looking for the total number of coral species in coral reefs of the 
next geographic regions: 
 
Philippines, New Guinea, GBR Australia, Seychelles, One three reef southern 
GBR, Marshalls and Marianas, Alligator reef florida, Bahamas, Venezuela, 
Hawaii, Barbados, California Bay, Mafia Arch eastern Africa, Fanning atoll, 
Johnson atoll Pacific Ocean,Western Coast of Florida 
 
I was looking for this information in different references but I didnt 
arrive to find all information. If someone could help me how to  get this 
information I would appreciate it. 
Thanks   
  
J. Ernesto Arias Gonzalez 
Lab. Ecologia de Ecosistemas Arrecifales 
CINVESTAV-Merida 
A.P. 73-CORDEMEX 
97310 Merida, Yucatan, Mexico 
TE: (99) 812903 EXT 283 
Fax: (99) 812917 
e-mail earias@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Sep 30 21:33:06 1996 
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Message-Id: <199610010053.IAA14304@jaring.my> 
From: biusing@ppps.po.my (Rooney Biusing) 
To: fish-net@sfu.ca, rayner@pc.jaring.my, godfery@pc.jaring.my, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, bancht@mozart.inet.co.th 
Subject: Regional Workshop on Sustainable Aquaculture and Biodiversity Conservation of Coral Reefs 
Date: Tue, 01 Oct 1996 01:08:11 GMT 
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Workshop Title : Regional Workshop on Sustainable Aquaculture and Biodiversity Conservation of Coral Reefs 
 
Organisers : DOF (Department of Fisheries Sabah), IDS (Institute of Development Studies Sabah), NACA (Network 
of Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific),  
UMS (Universiti Malaysia Sabah), Sabah Parks 
 
Location :-  The East Asian Seas area is a global centre of marine biodiversity and within this area the coastal waters 
around the State of Sabah in Malaysia  
have a particularly rich and diverse marine community.  The workshop will be held in Kota Kinabalu, the capital of 
the State of Sabah, Malaysia. 
 
Workshop Date :- 4-8th December 1996 (tentative date, subject to change) 
 
Venue :- to be decided later (tentatively at Kota Kinabalu) refer to  
http:\\www.jaring.my\sabah     
for more information!! 
 
The workshop will cover two main topics :- 
i) 	status of the breeding and grow-out technology of groupers, wrasses and other coral-reef associated fish 
species; and  
ii) 	resource management issues, including environmental impacts of the collection of wild grouper/coral-reef 
associated fish fries/juveniles,  
and management of adverse interactions on the environment, etc. 
   
Background 
 
NACA is cooperating with DOF, IDS, UMS and Sabah Parks in organising a regional workshop on the aquaculture of 
groupers and coral reef-associated marine fish.   
The workshop is organised in response to the increasing regional interest in the aquaculture of high value tropical 
marine fishes (e.g. groupers and wrasses),  
and increasing concern over the environmental impacts of the marine live fish trade. The workshop is intended to: 
 
i. 	review the present status of culture of groupers and coral reef associated fishes, particularly the captive 
breeding of major reef fishes; 
 
ii. 	review the social, economic and ecological impacts, including those on biodiversity, related to the live reef 
fish fishery and aquaculture; 
 
iii. 	identify specific needs for promoting aquaculture and sustainable management of reef fish resources, such 
as research, information, policy development  
and training for the responsible development of the industry; and 
 
iv. 	identify common problems related to reef fish aquaculture in the Asian region, and to explore ways for 
regional cooperation to overcome such  
common problems. 
 
Participants :-  Workshop participants will include Malaysian and regional experts involved in grouper or reef fish 
breeding and aquaculture,  
and coral reef fishery management.   
 
Topics to be covered include:  
 
status of breeding of groupers and other candidate coral-reef associated fish species; 
reef fish aquaculture management practices (feeding, stocking, harvests); 
social/economic/environmental impacts of reef fish aquaculture; 
impacts associated with capture of wild seed and the live fish trade; 
marketing aspects; and 
management of grouper and reef fish resources and integration into coastal area management planning. 
 
Workshop outputs :   
The workshop proceedings will be published under a joint publication of DOF, NACA, IDS, UMS and Sabah Parks.  
It is expected that the publication would provide guidance to aquaculturists, scientists, policy makers and coastal 
resource  
managers involved in reef fish aquaculture and coral reef and coastal resources management. 
 
REGISTRATION FEES : F.O.C. (participants however have to pay for their own lodging, food will be provided at the 
venue) 
 
 
ENQUIRIES : 
 
Please contact : 
 
Rooney Biusing (organising secretary) 
Fisheries Research Center, 89400 Likas, 
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. 
e-mail : biusing@ppps.po.my 
<Rooney Biusing> 
Kota Kinabalu, Sabah,Malaysia. 
e-mail : biusing@ppps.po.my 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  1 04:28:15 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Tue, 1 Oct 1996 14:55:22 +0000 
Subject: current meter 
Priority: normal 
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Dear All, 
 
Can anyone recommend a good current, cheaply, that can log data  
automatically and able to transfer it to a computer?  Please include  
contact address, too.  Thanks. 
 
Jason Young 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct  1 21:41:02 1996 
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Date: Tue, 1 Oct 1996 20:38:42 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: 52 Coral Reef Stories for the World Press 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961001203528.27123A-100000@coral> 
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INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF (IYOR) MEDIA OUTREACH PROPOSAL 
 
IUCN/NOAA/IYOR PROPOSE HIGHLIGHTING WEEKLY STORY IDEAS IN INTERNATIONAL 
MEDIA 
 
IUCN/World Conservation Union, U.S. Department of Commerce's National 
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the International Year 
of the Reef (IYOR) invite your contribution to an international media 
strategy to highlight the urgent need for conservation and sustainable 
use of coral reefs.  IUCN, NOAA and IYOR propose a coordinated 52 weekly 
story idea calendar to be distributed to international media outlets 
throughout the year to promote the outreach and educational goals of 
IYOR. 
 
To implement this strategy, a true partnership is required among 
agencies, IUCN members, and IYOR if the heightened public awareness is 
to encourage action at local, national, regional and international 
levels. 
 
IUCN requests its marine-oriented members to submit story ideas to NOAA 
by October 30. 
 
Each group that responds with ideas will be responsible for drafting a 
release for the story idea, providing background materials and for 
listing a contact on the subject matter.  See attached format. 
 
NOAA will assist in distributing these story ideas to the international 
media. 
 
 
                             ~~~ TIMELINE ~~~ 
 
-- SEPTEMBER -- 
 
*  IUCN and IYOR will solicit story ideas  and submit to contact points 
by October 30. 
 
*  The first 1997 quarter's set of stories are agreed upon in November 
by IUCN, NOAA and IYOR and the parties responsible are notified of 
selection and due date of release,  background and contact person. 
 
 
-- OCTOBER through DECEMBER -- 
 
*  The remaining 52 week calendar stories are proposed and release dates 
are sent to all participating groups. 
 
*  Press releases and background information for the first two months are 
due December 1. 
 
*  NOAA will contact media outlets and begin promoting the 52-week program 
for the coral reef 
initiative in late December. 
 
*  The release calender is made available to the media outlets. 
 
 
-- JANUARY 1997 -- 
 
*  Beginning January 6, 1997, every Monday morning, a new story idea is 
sent to local, national and international media markets interested in 
coral reefs and the IYOR. 
 
*  NOAA's Office of Public and Constituent Affairs will facilitate media 
outreach on story ideas including distribution of materials and 
background information. 
 
 
WHAT IS A CORAL REEF STORY IDEA? 
 
A story idea or "tip sheet" is a media teaser.  It is not a press 
release or news article.  It is a paragraph or two that gives a broad 
outline of a newsworthy topic and gives the reporter the name and number 
of the person to contact for more information.  The contact person will 
provide the reporter the background information and expert list needed 
to write the article. 
 
 
WHAT IS A NEWSWORTHY CORAL REEF TOPIC? 
 
Diverse newsworthy story ideas will be considered addressing the broad 
range of themes of the International Coral Reef Initiative and IYOR: 
coastal zone management, capacity building, research and monitoring. 
Some examples might include the launch of new coastal area management 
planning at a site, project successes/failures, cyanide fishing and 
other destructive fishing practices, research, e.g., human impacts on 
ecosystems, regional monitoring networks supporting the global coral 
monitoring network, public involvement and empowerment, application of a 
new technology, ecotourism and carrying capacity, transforming paper 
parks into operational coastal/marine parks, etc. 
 
 
EXAMPLE: 
 
CORAL BLEACHING IN BELIZE IS CAUSED BY WARMER WATERS 
 
Coral bleaching caused by environmental stresses is threatening the 
Western Hemisphereas well as other areas of the western Caribbean and Gulf 
of Mexico. The 
same warm waters that spawned or strengthened hurricanes in the western 
Atlantic last year also are associated with this occurrence of coral 
bleaching.  From August through October, NOAA satellites detected 
elevated sea surface temperatures spanning much of the Gulf of Mexico 
and the western Caribbean basin from Belize to Jamaica, Honduras and 
Venezuela. 
 
 
FOR MORE INFORMATION AND LIST OF SUBJECT EXPERTS, PLEASE CONTACT: 
 
Matt Stout 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
Voice:  (202) 482-6090 (U.S.) 
Fax:  (202) 482-3154 
Email:  mstout@rdc.noaa.gov 
 
or, 
 
Paul Holthus 
Voice:  41-22-999-0251 
Fax:  41-22-999-0025 
Email:  pfh@hq.iucn.org 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 06:18:53 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 15:27:31 +0000 
Subject: Request for literature 
Priority: normal 
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3 October 1996 
 
Dear ALL, 
 
Greetings! I would appreciate getting any published articles from  
coral-list members on "the effect of sedimentation on corals, coral 
reefs and coral reef organisms". 
 
I am particularly interested in simple hydrographic models 
which can predict the amount of sediments from a dredged 
area and "raining" to a nearby coral reef. 
 
Thank you very much for your kind attention. Cheers... 
 
Danilo T. Dy 
 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 07:51:28 1996 
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 07:09:14 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Belize coral spawning request (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 96 13:55:51 CST 
From: Coral Cay Conservation <coral@ucb.edu.bz> 
Subject: coral spawning 
 
Deena, 
 
Hello from sunny Belize, our Science Officer Julie Robinson is wondering 
if you could let us know when the next coral spawning will occur in 
Belize.  We know that you did some surveys on coral spawning in Belize and 
would appreciate if you could send us copies of your findings or any 
useful information that you may have. 
 
 
thanks, 
 
 
Henry Lanza 
Coral Cay Conservation BLZ OFFice 
 
--------------------------------------------+-------------------- 
University College of Belize, PO Box 990,   |  Tel: +501 2 32787 
Belize City, BELIZE, Central America.       |  Fax: +501 2 32787 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 10:15:13 1996 
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 09:08:51 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: mstout@rdc.noaa.gov 
Subject: "52 Stories" format and URL 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961002090235.28123A-100000@coral> 
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The format for preparing any ideas for the IUCN/NOAA/IYOR Media Outreach 
call for papers was inadvertently left out of the previous message.  The 
entire text, including the format, for the Media Outreach Proposal can be 
found at the following URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/52final.html 
 
This URL includes links to IUCN, NOAA Headquarters and the IYOR Home Page. 
 
Following is the format: 
 
     Story Theme/Working Title 
     Relevant Dates (if any) 
     Summary. Two paragraphs outlining the following: 
 
         Problem/Urgency 
         Solutions/Conservation and sustainable use measures 
         Local/regional/international angles 
 
     Proposing Organization/Individual 
     Phone/facsimile/e-mail and mailing address 
     Author 
     Background Information (for organizer's purpose, 
	to keep a folder on each topic idea) 
 
.............. 
 
For further information, please contact: 
 
Matt Stout 
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
Voice: (202) 482-6090 (U.S.) 
Fax: (202) 482-3154 
Email:  mstout@rdc.noaa.gov 
 
or, 
 
Paul Holthus 
Voice: 41-22-999-0251 
Fax: 41-22-999-0025 
Email:  pfh@hq.iucn.org 
 
 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 10:31:06 1996 
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 09:34:35 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
X-Sender: strong@charleston 
To: rogeru@batelco.com.bh 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, CoralBleach <cbarrientos@nesdis.noaa.gov>, 
        E_WILLIAMS@rumac.upr.clu.edu, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, 
        fholt@nesdis.noaa.gov, michael=crosby%DIR%NORM@hq.noaa.gov, 
        rfeden@nesdis.noaa.gov, rhayes@access.howard.edu, 
        arthur.e.paterson@noaa.gov, roger.b.griffis@noaa.gov 
Subject: Arabian Gulf Bleaching 
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Roger Uwate - 
Saw your note 23 Sep on bleaching off Bahrain due to SSTs some 4 deg C 
higher than last year during July-August.  We are developing new, 
twice-weekly, hi-res SST anomaly charts to aid in the monitoring for areas 
of high temperature stress that might lead to coral reef bleaching.   
 
New Climatology/Anomaly: 
	http://psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html 
 
When we were spinning this new product up the end of July, as I now look 
back, SSTs during much of Aug were several degrees above climatology in 
the Arabian Sea.  Past data have shown that when SSTs exceed the max 
monthly climatology by 1 deg C, bleaching can be expected....paper at 
recent Panama ICRS...it looks like you saw evidence of that. 
 
Thanks for your report.  Hope the reef have recovered with cooling temps 
this fall. 
 
Cheers, 
Al Strong 
 
 
***************************************************************************** 
                                Alan E. Strong 
Physical Scientist/Oceanographer                 Adj. Asst. Professor 
  NOAA/NESDIS/ORA/ORAD -- E/RA3                    US Naval Academy 
  NOAA Science Center -- RM 711                    Oceanography Department 
  Camp Springs, MD  20233                          Annapolis, MD  21402 
	301-763-8102                                    410-293-6566 [v-mail] 
	astrong@nesdis.noaa.gov                         strong@nadn.navy.mil 
	FAX: 301-763-8020                               FAX: 410-293-2137 
     http://www.nadn.navy.mil/Oceanography/FACULTY/AES_resume.html 
***************************************************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 13:22:42 1996 
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Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 11:51:09 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: dealessi@cei.org (Michael De Alessi) 
Subject: private reef conservation? 
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Hi. I am looking for any leads or information on private conservation of 
coral reefs, anywhere around the world. Ideally, an instance where either 
common or private property rights have empowered either a community or 
individuals to control access to and conserve reef habitat, for whatever 
reason -- fishing, tourism, or merely preservation. The rights need not be 
formal (for example an isolated community without any formal rights to an 
area that still sets rules to encourage conservation).   
 
I am quite familiar with other instances of private stewardship, e.g. 
habitat protection and pollution fighting activities undertaken by the 
owners of oyster beds, but do not know of any coral reefs that have been 
protected in this way. Any help would be much appreciated; please reply to 
me directly. 
 
Thanks and cheers, 
 
Michael De Alessi 
Center for Private Conservation 
Washington, D.C. 
  
dealessi@cei.org  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct  2 21:13:09 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Wed, 2 Oct 1996 17:57:37 EST 
Subject: Science Journals 
Message-ID: <19961002.175512.10982.0.Pizzaburger@juno.com> 
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From: pizzaburger@juno.com (Jason Mass) 
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Does anyone know of any science journal articles that pertain to 
Pollution and Coral reefs?  If you do, then please e-mail me with the 
bibliographical information if possible.  I need these because I am doing 
a report on the effects of pollution on the coral and one of the 
requirements of my report is to get 10 Scientific journal sources.   
 
 
 
					Cheers,  
					Jason Mass 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct  7 08:14:56 1996 
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	id AA844697341; Sun, 06 Oct 96 13:09:52 est 
Date: Sun, 06 Oct 96 13:09:52 est 
From: acohen@whoi.edu (acohen) 
Encoding: 4 Text 
Message-Id: <9609078446.AA844697341@mail.whoi.edu> 
To: earias@kin.cieamer.conacyt.mx (Ernesto Arias Gonzalez), 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral species 
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          Johnston Atoll hosts about 30 known scleratinian species, 
          though there might be more. 
           see Maragos and Jokiel 1986 in Coral Reefs. 
          hope this helps. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct  7 08:57:45 1996 
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Date: Mon, 7 Oct 1996 07:55:08 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: KUDA LAUT PROJECT FOR BUNAKEN 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 4 Oct 1996 23:40:11 -0700 
From: Kuda Laut <kudalaut@indo.net.id> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: 52 Coral Reef Stories for the World Press 
 
 
KUDA LAUT PROJECT FOR BUNAKEN (NORTH SULAWESI, INDONESIA) CORAL REEF MONITORING. 
 
Bunaken marine park is one of the most interesting areas of the world for 
the marine biodiversity. The park is completely assigned to the scuba diving 
tourism, and, due to the quick tourism development of the area, it will 
probably undergo some change in the few next years. 
Manado Seagarden is a diving centre operating in the area, managed by four 
Italian instructors and marine biologists. The centre is launching the Kuda 
Laut project, including 3 different marine biology courses and a program for 
valuation and monitoring of the reef community health status using mostly 
overseas volunteer divers. Spending a lot of time daily in the water enable 
the personnel and the costumers of the diving centre to gather a large 
number of data for an effective monitoring of the reef's conditions and for 
early detection of any change. 
 
For further information, and if you are interested in receiving the complete 
protocol for reef monitoring produced by us, please contact: 
 
Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi, Sergio Cotta, Lorenzo Pacciardi 
Kuda Laut Project - Manado Seagarden Adventures 
P.O. Box 1535 
95001 Manado (Sulut) 
Indonesia 
phone & fax +62 431 61100 
E-mail: <kudalaut@indo.net.id> 
 
or: 
 
Massimo Boyer, Paola Bearzi 
via Chiodo 10/24 
17100 Savona 
Italy 
phone +39 19 853148 
E-mail: <boyer@mbox.vol.it> 
 
Best regards 
 
Massimo Boyer 
 
              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
              * Manado Seagarden Adventures               * 
              * Kuda Laut Project                         * 
              * P.O. Box 1535                             * 
              * Manado 95001                              * 
              * North Sulawesi                            * 
              * Indonesia                                 * 
              * Phone and fax: +62 431 61100              * 
              * E mail: kudalaut@indo.net.id              * 
              * Internet site: http://www.wp.com/kudalaut * 
              * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct  7 13:36:41 1996 
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Date:         Mon, 07 Oct 96 10:50:51 CDT 
From: Tonya Snell <TSNELL@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu> 
Subject:      Agaricia taxonomy 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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I am in need of a taxonomist to positively identify a species of Agaricia 
for me.  I have some frozen samples or I could send bleached specimens. 
If anyone knows who I should contact, please email me at: 
tsnell@lsuvm.sncc.lsu.edu. 
 
Many thanks in advance!! 
 
Tonya Snell 
 
Louisiana State University 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct  7 17:37:07 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: bmetzger@mail.utexas.edu (Bridget Metzger) 
Subject: writer seeks stories 
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Writer in Austin, Texas, would greatly appreciate sea-life and success 
stories from divers and anglers with experiences at artificial reef sites, 
preferably those off Texas' Gulf Coast, dormant oil and gas rig sites, 
concrete pipes, car graveyards, and sunken ship sites. Other data helpful. 
 
Send via e-mail your name and telephone number to: 
bmetzger@mail.utexas.edu 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 10 03:38:10 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <andreu@msi> 
From: "Andre Uychiaoco" <andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Wed, 10 Oct 1996 07:25:18 +0800 
Subject: Evaluation of Effective Coastal Management Survey Form 
Reply-To: andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph 
Priority: normal 
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Hi, we have drafted a simple form of some 120 questions for use to  
evaluate effectiveness of coastal management with special reference  
to coral reefs.  Most of the questions are such that you pick an  
answer from 1 to 3 as an answer for what is the state or what has  
been done for your particular management site.  We are looking for  
volunteers to review this form.  We can send an Excel file as an  
attachment.  This is an effort of the Coral Reef Information Network  
of the Philippines.  Please send me mail if you want to help us by  
reviewing the form (andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph).  Thank you very much. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 10 14:03:52 1996 
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Date: Thu, 10 Oct 1996 11:36:29 +0500 (GMT) 
From: Coleccion de referencia - Invemar <colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: J. Ernesto Arias Gonzales 
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.961010112953.12116A-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
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Im Alberto Acosta, I think that you can contact Dr. Ernesto Weill (see  
directory of the last Symposium of coral reefs) because he has a very  
good list of coral species. 
 
If there are some other think, please contact me 
 
Sincerely  
Alberto Acosta 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 06:43:46 1996 
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 Fri, 11 Oct 96 02:27:51 PDT 
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 16:42:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
Subject: Re: More coral bleaching in Hawaii 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Message-id: <325E1317@msm.cgnet.com> 
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October 11, 1996 
 
TO: Coral-list 
 
I refer to the interesting report on bleaching in Oahu posted to Coral list  
on Friday, September 20, 1996, but no author was given.  It would help if we  
could get the name and email of the sender. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Aquatic Environments Program 
ICLARM 
Manila, Philippines 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 09:13:48 1996 
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 08:22:00 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Jobs Bulletin Update 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961011080943.18421C-100000@coral> 
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For those who have expressed an interest in seeking employment in coral 
research, please remember to check the "Employment Opportunities for Coral 
Researchers" Page at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/jobs/jobs.html from time 
to time. 
 
If you would like to post information (seeking or offering employment), 
please send a message to coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov and I will post the 
information. 
 
If you have previously posted information which is no longer valid or 
useful, please let me know so I can delete it. 
 
	Many thanks, 
 
	JCH 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 09:20:55 1996 
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 08:09:34 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: bleachings and spawnings 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961011080337.18421B-100000@coral> 
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Dear Coral-Listers, 
 
I've been trying to keep a running list of all coral-list messages that 
announce coral bleachings and spawnings on the C.H.A.M.P Web site at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
(See right under Bulletins:  Archives of coral spawning, bleaching...) 
 
If you observe any spawning or bleaching events, or if you have any 
tabulated data on previous bleaching or spawning events, I would very much 
appreciate it if you could either post them to the coral-list, or send 
them directly to this e-mail address so that I may include them in the 
list for others to make use.  Any environmental, location, date and time 
data you might be able to include would be *extremely* beneficial. 
 
Thank you so very much for your help and cooperation. 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 10:41:25 1996 
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725@stlabcexg001.anheuser-busch.com> 
From: "Mohan, Pete" <Pete.Mohan@anheuser-busch.com> 
To: "'Coral Health Server Posting List'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral Bleaching 
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 08:27:39 -0500 
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I'm successfully propagating various stony corals for use in our reef 
exhibits.   I'm getting ready to start up a greenhouse system and am 
interested in avoiding a bleaching event due to elevated temperatures. 
Anecdotal reports of maximum acceptable temperatures vary considerably. 
I normally avoid temperatures above 26 C, but believe I'm acting 
conservatively. 
 
I'd appreciate receiving actual observed critical temperatures from 
various parts of the world. 
 
Sincerely, 
Pete Mohan 
Curator of Fishes 
Sea World of Ohio 
1100 Sea World Dr. 
Aurora, OH 44202 
Voice:  (216) 995-2158 
Fax:  (216) 995-2117 
Internet:  Pete.Mohan@Anheuser-Busch.com 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 13:38:30 1996 
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 11:41:13 -0700 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: gboland@ocean.tamu.edu (Gregory S. Boland) 
Subject: coral list addition request 
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I would like to be added to your coral reef information network. 
 
I am an active coral reef biologist, among other special interests, and I 
am also currently involved in the monitoring studies at the Flower Garden 
Banks National Marine Sanctuary.  I have been a Biological Oceanographer 
for the past 21 years. 
 
Other credentials: 
 
Diving Safety Officer for College of Geoscience and Department of Oceanography 
Work at the Flower Garden coral reefs since 1975. 
Active in coral spawning research since its discovery in the Gulf of Mexico 
 
Thank you for your attention. 
 
Gregory S. Boland 
Senior Research Associate 
Texas A&M University 
Department of Oceanography 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 20:34:56 1996 
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Date:         Fri, 11 Oct 96 17:36:43 CDT 
From: NEWS <KKASSEM3@ua1vm.ua.edu> 
Organization: The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 
Subject:      Preserves around the World 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Hi Everybody! 
         I have looked far and wide with no luck (short of pounding the 
pavement from embassy to embassy), for a list (partial or comprehensive) of 
marine preserves in existance around the world.  I am trying to get a feel 
for who is doing something about marine conservation and who is not.  I will 
look at other indicies such as support for the UN's Law of the Sea and economic 
factors.  If anyone knows of such a list or has any ideas, please let me know. 
      Thank you in advance!   Ken Kassem 
 
                        Ken Kassem 
                        Dept. of Geography 
                        University of Alabama 
                        Tuscaloosa, Al  35401 
                        kkassem3@ua1vm.ua.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 11 20:35:26 1996 
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Date: Fri, 11 Oct 96 13:34:50 PDT 
From: laurence@alice.wonderland.caltech.edu (Dustin L. Laurence) 
Message-Id: <9610112034.AA28609@Alice.Wonderland.Caltech.EDU> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral Bleaching 
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>Anecdotal reports of maximum acceptable temperatures vary considerably. 
>I normally avoid temperatures above 26 C, but believe I'm acting 
>conservatively. 
 
If you are interested in amateur anecdotes, I have one, if not, feel 
free to ignore this and I'll return to lurking. 
 
I'd say you are acting extremely conservatively, if you can control 
the temperature with reasonable accuracy.  This summer we have been 
running around 27C--this would have been a bit higher, perhaps 28C, 
but the temperature was adjusted low following a bleaching episode 
which I will describe.  I have not dialed the temperature up since 
then because I have not been here to observe the tank continuously.  We 
see better growth as temperatures increase, even up to within a degree 
or so of what we regard as maximum (and it's cheaper to run the chiller 
too, a useful bonus on a rather limited budget). 
 
Common wisdom among advanced amateurs is to expect bleaching around 29 
or 30C, which is what we observed.  Early this summer a thermometer 
failed, reading about 2 degrees low, and our tank was running around 
30C instead of an intended 28C.  This persisted for perhaps three weeks, 
since lighting was changed to higher Kelvin-rated metal halides around 
the same time and I was looking at possible UV-induced bleaching instead 
of temperature (and since the temperature read OK).  I think the 
lighting was a contributing factor, at least as a trigger, but I don't 
think it could have happened without the elevated temperature. 
 
After about a week of these elevated temperatures we began to notice 
bleaching.  The hardest hit were small fragments.  We lost two fragments 
of Seratiopora hystrix (I'm spelling these things from memory, and these 
are amateur NOT professional ids so beware) which had also been recently 
shipped, one unidentified Acropora fragment, and probably a couple of 
other that have slipped my mind.  A larger Stylophora pistilata fragment 
bleached completely but survived azooxanthellate for a month or two 
before dying.  I feel particularly bad about this specimen because if I 
had been here enough I think I would have had a good chance of saving it 
by feeding it in that critical month. 
 
Another unidentified Acropora sp. fragment from the same parent colony as 
the dead one just mentioned bleached but did not show tissue loss and has 
made a complete recovery, and a third partially bleached but survived car 
transport from Los Angeles to Sacramento and has reportedly also completely 
recovered.  A fourth, the largest, did not bleach and was also transported. 
Two unidentified Acropora sp. fragments from a different parent (of a 
different species) which were fragmented at the same time as the earlier 
four also did not bleach and easily survived transport.  Both parent 
colonies showed no obvious signs of stress. 
 
An Acropora humilis suffered total bleaching but only about 50% of the 
tissue subsequently died--it has since completely recovered its symbionts 
on the remaining tissue and is doing well.  A Millepora sp. suffered maybe 
90% tissue loss--I believe there is a small amount of still living tissue 
still but I doubt it can recover. 
 
The larger and better established Acropora and the other non-Acroporids 
were not noticably affected.  In addition to the two parent colonies 
mentioned above, another small Acropora colony and an Acropora fragment 
(both unidentified) survived without problems, as did two sibling Pavona 
cactus fragments, a Porites cylindrica, and a Montipora digitata. 
 
There were only two large polyped corals in the tank at the time, both 
Catalyphilia.  The larger and long-established one was damaged, but I 
think would have survived if I had been here to keep an eye on it and 
if it had not been subsequently heavily harassed by a Z. veliferum tang. 
This coral was on the extreme opposite end from the halide fixture that 
was upgraded and should have received very little from that light, so I 
think this must have been a purely temperature effect.  A small 
Catalyphilia that would have received some light from the upgraded bulb 
was unaffected. 
 
>I'd appreciate receiving actual observed critical temperatures from 
>various parts of the world. 
 
It would also be interesting to me to know if the critical temperature 
is significantly different in captivity. 
 
Dustin 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 12 16:04:46 1996 
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To: mideastenviro@envirolink.org, COASTNET@uriacc.uri.edu, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: New Publication 
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As part of our Middle Eastern Environmental Project (MEEP), we are in the 
process of launching a new newsletter that will address issues related to 
coral reef degradation in the Middle East from both a scientific and policy 
perspective.  The Editor-in-Chief of this new publication will be Dr. Steven 
Coles, a zoologist with the Bishop Museum in Hawaii.  
 
At this point we are: 
 
1. Seeking articles for the first issue, which we expect to be released in 
the spring of 1997.  Articles should be approximately 750-950 words; 
2. Announcements and other relevant materials for the newsletter; 
3. Subscriptions to the newsletter.  The newsletter will be published 
quarterly and will cost $20.00 per year. 
 
Subscription inquiries should be sent to our attention.  Articles and other 
materials may be directed to Steve at: slcoles@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org, 
though we'd appreciate a cc: here at GLSNA also.   
GreenLife Society - North America 
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA 
(510) 558-0620 (Ph./Fax) 
E-mail: pcis@igc.apc.org 
 
WWW: site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html	 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 12 21:24:55 1996 
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Date: Sat, 12 Oct 1996 20:53:24 -0400 
Message-Id: <199610130053.UAA04721@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re:      Preserves around the World 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: "NEWS" <KKASSEM3@ua1vm.ua.edu>, 
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Ken, 
 
The most comprehensive list of marine protected areas can be found in: 
 
A Global Representative System of Marine Protected Areas 1995 (four  
volumes). 
 
For copies contact: 
 
Environment Department 
The World Bank 
Room S 5-143 
1818 H Street, NW 
Washington, DC  20433  USA 
 
Also check out the World Conservation Monitoring Center Home Page on  
Marine Protected Areas: 
 
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/~dynamic/pavl/index.html 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 12 23:49:19 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Sun, 13 Oct 1996 11:12:35 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199610130312.LAA04444@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Reef Check 97 Update 
To: International Year of the Reef List <IYOR-L@uriacc.uri.edu>, 
        <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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**REEF CHECK 1997** an IYOR Activity 
 
Reef Check 1997 will be an exciting international event involving  
collaboration between recreational divers and scientists. The concept of Reef  
Check is a one-day rapid survey of as many reef sites as possible throughout  
the world using very basic "tried-and-true" techniques such as counting  
indicator species such as grouper, sea urchins, measuring coral cover ratio  
live/dead etc. The work will be done in one day at each site by combined teams  
of recreational divers with a knowledge of marine biology and at least one  
professional marine scientist per team who will be responsible for ensuring  
the scientific quality of the work. 
 
The objective will be to report on the basic "health" of a minimum of 100   
reef sites from around the world. It is thought that this strategy will help  
achieve one of the major aims of IYOR -- to build awareness of coral reefs and  
problems affecting them. The goal will be to disseminate the information  
gained from this snapshot "Reef Check" by having a live video satellite link  
among a number of representative sites throughout the world. In this way, we  
hope to focus the attention of the public, politicians and government leaders  
on the status of the world's coral reefs. 
 
The date of Reef Check 1997 will be the first two weeks of June 1997, and we  
hope to be able to announce the results on Ocean Day 14 June 1997. 
 
We are now looking for diver group/lead scientist combination teams to join  
our list of Reef Check 1997 participants. 
 
If your group would like to particpate in Reef Check 1997, please send your  
contact information to: 
 
Reef Check 1997 Coordinator 
Mr Shaun Waddell 
The Hong Kong Marine Conservation Society 
Fax: (852) 2548-9464 
e-mail: HRDUBWD@hkucc.hku.hk 
 
Once we have a consolidated list of participants, we will send you more  
information about the survey protocols and reporting arrangements in  
November/December. For your information, there will be a basic Reef Check  
"core" protocol that we will require all groups to follow. In addition, groups  
will be able to add whatever additional survey parameters that may be most  
appropriate for their part of the world or interests. 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Oct 13 01:40:34 1996 
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           Fri, 11 Oct 1996 15:41:38 SLT 
Date:      Fri, 11 Oct 1996 15:41:13 SLT 
From: "Rohan Harindra Wickramasinghe" <rohan@ites.ac.lk> 
Message-ID: <325e6ab2.ites@ites.ac.lk> 
Organization: Institute for Tropical Environmental Studies 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject:   Buona Vista Coral Reef 
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The town of Galle is situated on the southwestern coast of 
Sri Lanka. Galle harbour is several centuries old and has 
played a very important role in the foreign trade of the 
island. 
 
It is proposed to extend Galle harbour and this is expected 
to greatly benefit the economy and employment generation of 
the region and thereby the country as a whole. 
 
While the economic and employment generation benefits arising 
from the increased shipping etc are essential to the economic 
and political wellbeing of the country, a problem which will 
arise when the project is implemented is the envisaged impact 
on the Buona Vista Coral Reef. 
 
The Buona Vista Coral Reef at Rumassala, Galle is small 
(500 by 200 metres; within the 8 metre contour) but is extremely 
rich in both fish species as well as invertebrate forms. It 
would be a great pity if it were to be lost. 
 
The purpose of this posting is to inquire whether: 
 
1) If it is possible to avoid the harbour construction from 
   physically damaging the reef, would it be possible to erect a 
   " curtain "-like structure to isolate the reef from pollution 
   caused by increased operational activity in the harbour ? 
 
2) Have similar structures been successful anywhere else ? 
 
This is just a preliminary (and naive) inquiry but any information 
would be greatly appreciated - particularly any references to 
published material or relevant reprints. 
 
Thank you. 
 
Rohan H. Wickramasinghe, Ph.D., 
Institute for Tropical Environmental Studies, 
41 Flower Road, 
Colombo 7, 
Sri Lanka 
(email: rohan@ites.ac.lk) 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 14 19:44:52 1996 
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Date: Mon, 14 Oct 1996 17:47:03 -0500 (GMT-0500) 
From: Jeremy Woodley <woodley@uwimona.edu.jm> 
To: EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: October spawning in Jamaica 
In-Reply-To: <199607310152.VAA24661@tula.cura.net> 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.90.961011172025.2427A-100000@minotaur.uwimona.edu.jm> 
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Encouraged by your suggestion last month, Judith Mendes and I looked for  
coral spawning on the night of October 3rd at Drunkenman's Cay, Port  
Royal, Jamaica.  Between 2130 and 2200 (EST) we saw spawning by  
Montastraea annularis (columnar) and M. Faveolata (massive).  More, we  
thought, than in September, but the corals were less abundant at the site  
we studied then.  Uncorrected Hobotemp data show a max of 30.7 on  
September 14. 
 
I was surprised to see the brittle-star Ophiopsila totally emerged and,  
in one case, adopting a "pentapod" posture, shown by some b-s when  
spawning.  Usually one sees only the slender arms, at night, fishing from  
a crevice.  A touch, in the dark, prompts a green luminescent display. 
 
Jeremy Woodley. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 15 09:43:25 1996 
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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 08:39:22 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Spawing at Soufriere, St. Lucia 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 11 Oct 1996 11:34:20 -0500 
From: Allan Smith <smitha@candw.lc> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: bleachings and spawnings 
 
For the record, dive operators at Soufriere, St. Lucia, reported that 
colonies of Diploria strigosa were spawning between 7:00 and 7:30 last 
night (10th). They did not see any spawning on either the 1st or 3rd 
October, at least up to 8:00 pm. 
 
 
Allan Smith 
Caribbean Natural Resources Institute 
Vieux Fort 
St. Lucia, West Indies. 
Tel +(758) 454 6060 
Fax +(758) 454 5188 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 15 10:04:38 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Preserves around the World (fwd) 
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[ Please send any responses directly to Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk. 
Thanks.] 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 14 Oct 96 10:21:49 BST 
From: Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: re: Preserves around the World 
 
For Ken Kassem (and interested others) 
 
You probably came across the 4-volume World Bank Series "A Global 
Representative System of Marine Protected Areas" (1995, Eds: Kelleher, G, 
Bleakly, C and Wells, S.), available from the Environment Department, The World 
Bank, Room S 5-143, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA.  This includes 
lists of exsisting protected areas and areas proposed for protection. 
 
Linked to this work was the updating of the global database on marine protected 
areas at the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) and an agreement with 
the IUCN Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas that WCMC would act 
as the main holder of these data.  The database forms a part of a much larger 
database listing over 35,000 protected areas worldwide. 
 
Definitions of 'marine' and of 'protected area' vary enormously, so that 
depending on your definition there are about 3-4000 marine protected areas 
worldwide of which there are only about 350 containing coral reefs. 
 
Hope this is useful, 
Best wishes 
 
Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 15 11:02:53 1996 
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From: CEDINTERN@conservation.org 
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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 09:54 -0700 (PDT) 
Subject: Info request on coral in bone transplants 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <01IANVYJJV52002BEU@CGNET.COM> 
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          Dear Coral-listers: 
 
          I am currently investigating sustainable uses of marine 
          products.  A colleague indicated to me that recently members 
          of the list discussed the application of coral in bone 
          transplants.  If this is correct, I would greatly appreciate 
          it if someone who has the messages saved could forward them 
          to me.  Or if someone runs across other relevant or 
          interesting examples of sustainable uses of marine 
          resources, please let me know. 
 
          Thanks in advance for your help. 
 
          Yours truly, 
 
          Carlos V. Pineda 
          Marine Products Analyst 
          Conservation International 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 15 13:24:19 1996 
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Date: Tue, 15 Oct 1996 11:39:02 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu> 
Subject: Umbgrove 
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Greetings--Does anyone know of English versions of the following documents 
(by Umbgrove, J. H. F.): 
 
1928. De Koraalriffen in de haai van Batavia. Wetenschappelijke 
Mededeelingen         Nr. 7. 
 
1939. Madreporaria from the Bay of Batavia. Zoologische Mededeelingen XXII: 
1-64. 
 
Also, anything else about the Jakarta Bay area IN ENGLISH by the same author 
would be of great interest. 
 
Cheers 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: davidson@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 12 17:40:15 1996 
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To: mideastenviro@envirolink.org, COASTNET@uriacc.uri.edu, 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: New Publication 
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As part of our Middle Eastern Environmental Project (MEEP), we are in the 
process of launching a new newsletter that will address issues related to 
coral reef degradation in the Middle East from both a scientific and policy 
perspective.  The Editor-in-Chief of this new publication will be Dr. Steven 
Coles, a zoologist with the Bishop Museum in Hawaii.  
 
At this point we are: 
 
1. Seeking articles for the first issue, which we expect to be released in 
the spring of 1997.  Articles should be approximately 750-950 words; 
2. Announcements and other relevant materials for the newsletter; 
3. Subscriptions to the newsletter.  The newsletter will be published 
quarterly and will cost $20.00 per year. 
 
Subscription inquiries should be sent to our attention.  Articles and other 
materials may be directed to Steve at: slcoles@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org, 
though we'd appreciate a cc: here at GLSNA also.   
GreenLife Society - North America 
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA 
(510) 558-0620 (Ph./Fax) 
E-mail: pcis@igc.apc.org 
 
WWW: site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html	 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 16 10:43:26 1996 
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From: Kenneth_Deslarzes@smtp.mms.gov 
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Date: Wed, 16 Oct 96 08:25:59 EST 
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Subject: EIS/reefs 
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     Dear coralers, 
      
     I would much appreciate knowing where I could obtain info on EIS's  
     involving Coral Reefs, any upcoming workshops, conferences, symposia  
     involving EIS's and reefs, or related topics. 
      
     Best wishes, 
      
     Ken Deslarzes  (Kenneth_Deslarzes@smtp.mms.gov) USDOI/Minerals  
     Management Service 
     1201 Elmwood Park Blvd, MS 5410 
     New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA 
     Phone: 504-736-5705 
      
     N.B. I tried reaching Gregor Hodgson using the following address but  
     with little success (address not recognized) gregorh@hk.super.net 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 16 11:40:54 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 22:02:50 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199610161402.WAA22322@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: More about Reef Check 97 
To: "Coral-List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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The Reef Check 97 organizers would like to thank the 60 or so mainly  
experienced coral reef scientists from around the world who have so far  
offered to lead a group of divers to carry out Reef Check protocols. Based on  
this response, my guess is that we will be able to survey up to 200 individual  
sites around the world. I also thank those who have offered to Beta test the  
core protocols. 
 
Bill Alevizon is an experienced coral reef field man who has raised some  
concerns about Reef Check. For those of you who were not party to some of the  
IYOR planning sessions during the past years or in Panama, you may have  
similar concerns. 
 
The good news is that after we explained to Bill in more detail the history  
and goals of Reef Check 97, he has thrown his considerable expertise in to  
support us, and has offered to lead a Reef Check in the Bahamas next summer!  
Thanks Bill. 
 
For those of you who are still in the dark, a brief background and goals of  
IYOR Reef Check 97 is given below. 
 
GOALS OF IYOR and REEF CHECK 
 
As Sue Wells has drummed into us, IYOR is an awareness building campaign, not  
a scientific expedition. The idea behind Reef Check, is to promote public  
awareness of coral reefs and potential threats by using a few very basic  
parameters that we are comfortable that HS students could do. The results  
should be scientifically sound, and should provide clear, although partial,  
answers to the question of "What shape is the reef in?" Each Reef Check group  
is required to have a designated scientific leader who is someone with field  
experience and a member of the coral reef scientific community who can vouch  
for the scientific quality of the work. 
 
A number of us have quietly been doing testing for a Reef Check type operation  
for many years now. Earthwatch projects are one successful example that this  
process works, and there are many others around the world. There is no  
question that the type of survey we have in mind can be done by amateurs given  
appropriate guidance.  
 
What kind of survey do we have in mind? The actual protocols that we are  
working with as our "core" are very simple -- e.g. counting the number of  
Diadema in a 20 sq meter patch, presence/absence of trash, fish nets or  
dynamite blast craters. Any high school student could do these with after  
training. To be doubly sure, we are Beta testing each protocol here in HK, in  
the Solomons (Daphne Fautin) and other locations with amateur groups to ensure  
that none of the 10 protocols are inappropriate, before we include them as a  
"core" procedure. If we have problems with any of the protocols, we will  
simply toss them. 
 
As Bill correctly noted: 
"The scientific community is still a long way from agreeing on the 
most appropriate ecological indicators of the health or integrity of 
reef systems in any part of the world." 
 
This is an intractable problem, and if we wait for a consensus there wont be  
many decent reefs left to argue about. The whole purpose of IYOR is an  
"awareness campaign" -- it is not to decide what the best technique is for  
determining reef health (although that would be nice). Based on the  
overwhelming response we have gotten so far, dozens of extremely experienced  
field-based coral reef scientists feel that Reef Check is not only feasible,  
but is also an excellent method of promoting coral reefs and threats to them. 
 
What will require some careful thought is how to rank the results with respect  
to what we think we should expect to find at each site e.g. for edible  
animals. How many Trochus "should" be found on "pristine" reef in Palau? In  
some cases, the answers will be clear cut, and these are the ones that the  
media will no doubt focus on -- eg. 45 sites that should have Tridacna have  
almost none, or 180 out of 200 sites have ghost fish nets and evidence of  
dynamite blasts. These results will be the most valuable for the PR angle. It  
is the borderline cases that will be more difficult to interpret, and although  
the data will be quantitative, we will need to rely on historical knowledge  
ala Jeremy Jackson to report this from a qualitative perspective. In any case,  
the data will be available for all to play with. 
 
We have no doubt that we will not get Reef Check 100% right the first time  
round. With everyone's help, we will generate significant new public and media  
awareness that could translate into action to devote more resources in more  
places to study and conserve coral reefs. 
 
Phew! 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Institute for Environmental Studies 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 
Fax: (852) 2358-1582 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 16 15:51:02 1996 
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Date: Wed, 16 Oct 1996 20:14:06 EST 
From: pol@syspo.univ-perp.fr 
Reply-To: pol@univ-perp.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
CC: pol@univ-perp.fr 
Message-ID: <009A9F27.0BA8E500.28531@syspo.univ-perp.fr> 
Subject: Coral Reef ecology course Offerings 
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POSTGRADUATE COURSE IN CORAL REEFS  
ECOLOGY 
 
As part of its teaching programme, the Department of  
Oceanology of Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (EPHE),  
University of Perpignan, France, is offering an advanced  
course in coral reef ecology at University 5th year (PhD  
course) level. 
 
The course will consist of lectures (approximately 40 hours)  
spread over 6 days, during the week 6-11 January 1997.  
Lectures, which will be complemented by the screening of  
relevant videotapes, will cover the following topics. 
 
	- Specific characteristics of Coral Reef Ecosystems 
	- Physical Oceanography of Coral Reefs 
	- Scleractinian Coral Biology and Ecology 
	- Community Structure and Zonation 
	- Primary producers and reef Trophodynamics 
	- Carbon flows in reef Ecosystems 
	- Reef fish Ecology and Biogeography 
	- Reef and lagoonal Fisheries 
	- Natural and Anthropic Disturbances 
	- Management of Coral Reef Ressources 
 
Lectures will be given by Faculty staff of Ecole Pratique des  
Hautes Etudes and reef experts from other French or foreign 
 
Universities. The majority of lectures will be delivered in  
French. 
 
Admission to the course is free. The number of places is  
limited and persons interested must register as soon as  
possible with EPHE Secretariat (closing date 15 December  
1996). To obtain additional information or the registration  
form, please contact the EPHE Secretariat at the University  
of Perpignan by Tel.: 33 (04) 68662055, Fax: 33 (04)  
68503686 or by Email : pol@univ-perp.fr 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
   Biologie Marine et Malacologie/Ichtyoecologie tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
                          ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES 
            Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
      Universite de Perpignan, 52 Av. de Villeneuve, F-66860 - PERPIGNAN CEDEX 
      Tel.: +33 4 68 66 20 55, Fax: +33 4 68 50 36 86, e-mail:pol@univ-perp.fr 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 04:35:24 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 15:22:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: sos <sos@aloha.net> 
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TO:Coral List 
cc.: Carl Stepath 
FROM:Dr John W McManus/ICLARM 
DATE:17 October 1996 
 
Someone recently asked me for some leads into the field of coral reef  
monitoring.  As I get that kind of inquiry frequently, I though it might be  
useful to others if I put my reply on coral-list.  The courage is very  
patchy and I don't have all the complete references at hand.  However, the  
leads may be generally useful, and, to roughly paraphrase Charles Darwin, my  
colleagues may take great delight in pointing out the shortcomings.  Many  
apologies for all the important work that I left out. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W McManus 
ICLARM 
email:< J.McManus@cgnet.com> 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 05:43:50 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 16:27:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: sos <sos@aloha.net> 
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TO:Coral List 
cc.: Carl Stepath 
FROM:Dr John W McManus/ICLARM 
DATE:17 October 1996 
 
Someone recently asked me for some leads into the field of coral reef  
monitoring.  As I get that kind of inquiry frequently, I though it might be  
useful to others if I put my reply on coral-list.  The courage is very  
patchy and I don't have all the complete references at hand.  However, the  
leads may be generally useful, and, to roughly paraphrase Charles Darwin, my  
colleagues may take great delight in pointing out the shortcomings.  Many  
apologies for all the important work that I left out. 
 -------------------- 
Dear Colleagues: 
 
To understand monitoring on reefs, you should look at its roots, which are  
in phytosociology.  The best summary is: 
 
Mueller-Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H. 1974.  Aims and Methods of Vegetation  
Ecology. Wiley. 547 p. 
 
Other references include the historically important: 
 
Braun-Blanquet, J. 1932. Plant Sociology: the study of Plant Communities.  
Reprint 1983 Koeltz Scientific Books. P.O. Box 1360, D-6240 Koenigstein/West  
Germany. 
 
and the collection of papers in: 
 
McIntosh, R.P. 1978.  Phytosociology.  Benchmark Papers in Ecology V.6.  
Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Inc. 
 
You would want to look into the history of continuous vs discrete and releve  
vs. random approaches to community analysis in: 
 
McIntosh, R.P. (?). Background of Ecology. 
 
and from the system view in: 
 
Golley, F.B. 1993.  A history of the Ecosystem  Concept in Ecology.  Yale  
University Press.  New Haven. 254 p. 
 
There are several recent books on Plant Ecology, Community Ecology and  
Landscape Ecology that discuss sampling.  An important environmental  
sampling book is that of Roger Green. 
 
The line transect method for coral reefs was an application of a particular  
vegetation method.  It, and some other methods were reviewed in the green  
UNESCO book on Coral Reef Methods. 
 
There are several papers on errors associated with line transects in the  
ICRS volumes and Coral Reefs.  A nice statistical analysis of fish transects  
is: 
 
Samoilys, M.A. and Carlos, G. 1992. Development of an underwater visual  
census method for assessing shallow water reef fish stocks in the South West  
Pacific.  Final Report. ACIAR. (Available from the Department of Primary  
Industries, PO Box 1085, Townsville, Qld, 4810, Australia). 
 
McManus, J. et.al. discuss reef sampling in "Chapter 5. Coral Reef Fishery  
Sampling Methods" in the 1996 CRC book on "Stock Assessment:quantitative  
Methods and Applications for Small-Scale Fisheries" (Galluci et.al. eds.) 
 
The social science side of reef sampling and monitoring is less  
well-documented.  See chapters by Ruddle and by McManus in: 
 
Polunin, N.V.C. and Roberts, C.M. 1996. Reef Fisheries.  Chapman and Hall.  
London. 477 p. 
 
A fairly comprehensive manual for this kind of sampling by Richard Pollnac  
is in preparation.  It relates directly to ReefBase, covering about half of  
ReefBase's 250 tables.  An IUCN protocal has also been developed -- contact  
Ian Dight or Rodney Salm. 
 
Back on the ecological side, the ASEAN-Australian Manual is under revision.  
 Contact Clive Wilkinson. 
 
We have just drafted a ReefBase Aquanaut Manual aimed at volunteer divers.  
It will be out in a few months.  There are some good expedition protocols  
for volunteer divers available from several groups listed in the Greenpeace  
International Coral Reef NGO Directory. 
 
Be sure to look through past papers by Robert Johannes on how to interview  
to get ecological and  management information, starting with his book "Words  
of the Lagoon". 
 
Biochemical sampling is covered in the EIA literature and many articles. 
 
I have just listed a small part of a massive literature, emphasizing some  
sources which are oftern overlooked.  In particular, it is very important to  
know the history of the methods, in part to avoid re-living debates carried  
out in the 1920's to 1950's. 
 
Most of the methods we now use were developed to understand community  
structure or ecosystem function.  Both of these are useful in, but do not  
directly address, managing coral reefs.  The concerns in management are  
mostly Ecosystem Health, Risk Assessment, Impact Assessment, Impact  
Abatement, Multiobjective Optimization Cross-field Cross-sectoral Decision  
Analysis, and other aspects of Integrated Coastal Zone Management. 
 
The ecological side of monitoring nowadays (which can never be fully  
separated from the social science sides) is focused primarily on ecosystem  
health.  We are currently developing quantitative working definitions of  
coral reef ecosystem health which can be used to help focus both the  
sampling and the analysis of the data in monitoring programs.  If you want  
to get involved in that aspect, you might want to subscribe to the journal  
"Ecosystem Health" and read the book of the same title by Robert Costanza. 
 
Good luck! 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
ICLARM, Philippines 
email: J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 09:47:51 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 21:06:29 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199610171306.VAA14305@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
X-Mailer: AIR Mail 3.X (SPRY, Inc.) 
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> 
>My name is Bruce Davidson I am working with the American Marinelife Dealers 
>Association (AMDA). This is an organization of people that derive the  
majority 
>of their income from the sale of marine life.  Our goal is to impose self 
>regulation on the marine fish and invertebrate wholesale and retail industry. 
> 
> One of the things we are looking into is the effects quinaldine has on the 
>living corals when it is used to collect marine fish. If you have any 
>information on this topic please forward me a copy e-mail 
>76773.2763@compuserve.com or regular mail. 
> 
> Bruce Davidson 
> 212 Saguaro Dr 
> Louisville KY USA 
> 40229-6139 
> 
>    If you know of anyone that has done work in this area please forward them 
>a copy of this letter. 
> 
> Thanks in advance 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 09:53:52 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 08:56:05 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com>, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: coral reef monitoring inquiries 
In-Reply-To: <3265E497@msm.cgnet.com> 
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Those who are intested in coral reef monitoring may wish to view the 
Charter Document of the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) at 
the following URL:  
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn.html 
 
Those who are interested in actually following the GCRMN protocol may wish 
to contact the Director of the GCRMN, Dr. Clive Wilkinson, at:  
 
	c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au 
 
I believe some of the members of the GCRMN will soon be posting (via the 
CHAMP Home Page, coral-list, and elsewhere) protocols that they have found 
to be effective for their areas.  Some of these protocols (such as that  
of the Kuda Laut Project, http://www.wp.com/kudalaut) have been  
already been announced on coral-list, but a comprehensive list of  
protocols will hopefully be available in the near future. 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
| James C. Hendee            | Internet:     hendee@aoml.noaa.gov| 
| Coral Health and           |                                   | 
|   Monitoring Program       | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division   | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
| NOAA/AOML                  | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
| 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway |                                   | 
| Miami, FL  33149-1026      | http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov        | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
On Thu, 17 Oct 1996, John McManus wrote: 
 
> TO:Coral List 
> cc.: Carl Stepath 
> FROM:Dr John W McManus/ICLARM 
> DATE:17 October 1996 
>  
> Someone recently asked me for some leads into the field of coral reef  
> monitoring.  As I get that kind of inquiry frequently, I though it might be  
> useful to others if I put my reply on coral-list.  The courage is very  
> patchy and I don't have all the complete references at hand.  However, the  
> leads may be generally useful, and, to roughly paraphrase Charles Darwin, my  
> colleagues may take great delight in pointing out the shortcomings.  Many  
> apologies for all the important work that I left out. 
>  
> Sincerely, 
>  
> John W McManus 
> ICLARM 
> email:< J.McManus@cgnet.com> 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 10:37:19 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 09:43:27 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Coral Reefs FAQ 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961017094151.4994A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
	Pursuant to Dr. John McManus' very informative posting of coral 
reef ecosystem monitoring, I thought it might be worthwhile if "we" (read: 
you coral-listers!) helped to construct an FAQ (Frequently Asked 
Questions) list, which I can post on the CHAMP Home Page and/or 
periodically circulate via the coral-list.  This should be helpful for all 
of us, as well as to people new to coral reef study, and should also 
helpfully give you a little slack in answering all those questions all the 
time.  If this idea meets with your approval, perhaps we could proceed 
thus: 
 
-> For now, let's just try to answer the most common, broadly appealing, 
questions.  After we get the basics down, then perhaps we can address the 
more esoteric issues. 
 
-> Send questions you feel should be in the FAQ to this address 
(coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov).  I'll collect the questions for awhile, and 
if there are no answers accompanying them, I'll post the questions to the 
coral-list for your (hopefully!) informative answers. 
 
-> If you *know* the answers to the questions, please send them along with 
the questions, or at least help by providing a resource to find the 
answer. 
 
-> It might be helpful if you could provide, in your answers, further 
references for research, such as Dr. McManus did in his recent reply 
concerning coral reef monitoring. 
 
 
	If you have any orther suggestions (or even if you think this 
isn't a workable idea), please drop a line. 
 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 12:01:19 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 10:58:27 -0400 
Message-Id: <199610171458.KAA23472@wizard.wizard.net> 
Subject: Re: EIS/reefs 
From: "Stephen C. Jameson" <sjameson@coralseas.com> 
To: <Kenneth_Deslarzes@smtp.mms.gov>, 
        "Coral-List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Dear Ken, 
 
Jim Maragos and Gregor Hodgson conducted a seminar on Coral Reef EIA's at  
the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama this June.  They are  
in the process of preparing the final report of the workshop.  They could  
probably send you some of the handouts from the symposium.  They can be  
reached at the following addresses. 
 
Jim Maragos 
East-West Center 
Honolulu, Hawaii 
808-944-7272, 808-944-7298(FAX) 
 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Institute for Environmental Studies 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 
gregorh@hk.super.net 
Fax: (852) 2358-1582 
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 
 
 
 
 
 
Best regards, 
 
Dr. Stephen C. Jameson, President 
Coral Seas, Inc. - Integrated Coastal Zone Management 
4254 Hungry Run Road  
The Plains, VA  20198-1715  USA 
703/754-8690, 703/754-9139 (FAX) 
Internet:  sjameson@coralseas.com 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 17 16:01:19 1996 
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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 1996 08:47:54 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: gregorh@hk.super.net 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
In-Reply-To: <199610171306.VAA14305@is1.hk.super.net> 
Message-ID: <Pine.GSO.3.95.961017084558.16485A-100000@iniki> 
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The State of Florida did some research on the effects of quinaldine on the 
captured fish and on corals.  As I recall, they found no significant 
negative effects if used "properly".  My memory of that report could be 
faulty, but that is my recollection.  I could probably dig up the report 
unless someone else has ready access to it. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
******************************************************************** 
 
On Thu, 17 Oct 1996 gregorh@hk.super.net wrote: 
 
> > 
> >My name is Bruce Davidson I am working with the American Marinelife Dealers 
> >Association (AMDA). This is an organization of people that derive the  
> majority 
> >of their income from the sale of marine life.  Our goal is to impose self 
> >regulation on the marine fish and invertebrate wholesale and retail industry. 
> > 
> > One of the things we are looking into is the effects quinaldine has on the 
> >living corals when it is used to collect marine fish. If you have any 
> >information on this topic please forward me a copy e-mail 
> >76773.2763@compuserve.com or regular mail. 
> > 
> > Bruce Davidson 
> > 212 Saguaro Dr 
> > Louisville KY USA 
> > 40229-6139 
> > 
> >    If you know of anyone that has done work in this area please forward them 
> >a copy of this letter. 
> > 
> > Thanks in advance 
>  
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 26 13:36:36 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 22:31:43 +0000 
Subject: Eritrea or Red Sea info 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a) 
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Dear All, 
 
Can anyone please refer me to persons who have done marine studies in  
Eritrea and the Red Sea region.  I'd appreciate if you can point me  
in the right direction or contacts.  Thank you so much. 
 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Sep 26 13:56:34 1996 
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Date: Thu, 26 Sep 1996 12:14:03 -0600 (CST) 
From: Rosa Elisa Rodriguez <rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: rosaer@mar 
To: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Management courses (fwd) 
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Hello, 
 
Does anyone have information about Integral Coast Management Courses that  
give enfasis to Coral Reefs? 
 
Any information will be helpful. 
 
Thank you 
 
Rosa Rodriguez 
Ap. Postal 1174 
77500 Cancun, Q. Roo 
MEXICO 
 
Tel (987)102-19 
Fax (987) 101-38 
 
e-mail: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 18 08:50:40 1996 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: effects of quinaldine 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.961017192318.18630D-100000@wave> 
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Bruce, Gregor, 
 
	Here is at least one recent reference on quinaldine and its effect 
on larval fish, but I couldn't find anything for effects on coral: 
 
Massee, K C; Rust, M B; Hardy, R W; Stickney, R R. 1995. The effectiveness 
of tricaine, quinaldine sulfate and metomidate as anesthetics for larval 
fish. Aquaculture 134(3-4): 351. 
 
Hope this helps... 
 
	JH 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 18 11:14:39 1996 
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 96 08:57:02 CST 
From: "Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet" <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
Message-Id: <18351.jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Info request 
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Greetings from Chetumal to everyone! 
 
Does anybody has info about Manicina areolata recruiting and/or larval  
settling of this species? 
 
Many advanced thanks, 
 
Saludos! 
 
Juan Pablo 
|-----------------------------------------------| 
| Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet                     | 
| Departamento de Ecologia Acuatica, ECOSUR     | 
| Zona Industrial No. 2, Carr. Chetumal-Bacalar | 
| Apdo. Postal 424, Chetumal, Q. Roo. 77000.    | 
| MEXICO                                        | 
| Tel: (983) 2-16-66                            | 
| Fax: (983) 2-04-47                            | 
| e-mail: jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx        | 
|-----------------------------------------------| 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 18 12:30:54 1996 
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 11:27:41 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: "Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet" <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: *Manicina areolata* 
In-Reply-To: <18351.jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
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Dear Juan, 
 
	There was an excellent Ph.D. thesis published in December, 1991, 
called "Population Ecology of a Free-Living Coral:  Reproduction, 
Population Dynamics, and Morphology of *Manicina areolata* (Linneaus)" by 
Kenneth George Johnson, Graduate College of The Univesity of Iowa.  It 
probably has most everything you need, including a wealth of great 
references, tables, photographs and graphs.  Your librarian should be able 
to check it out for you on Interlibrary Loan.  This library reference  
might be of help: 
 
	QL 
	377 
	.C5j67 
	1991 
 
	Don't know what there might be that is more recent. 
 
	Hope this helps... 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
On Fri, 18 Oct 1996, Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet wrote: 
 
> Date: Fri, 18 Oct 96 08:57:02 CST 
> From: Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet <jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
> Subject: Info request 
>  
> Greetings from Chetumal to everyone! 
>  
> Does anybody has info about Manicina areolata recruiting and/or larval  
> settling of this species? 
>  
> Many advanced thanks, 
>  
> Saludos! 
>  
> Juan Pablo 
> |-----------------------------------------------| 
> | Juan P. Carricart-Ganivet                     | 
> | Departamento de Ecologia Acuatica, ECOSUR     | 
> | Zona Industrial No. 2, Carr. Chetumal-Bacalar | 
> | Apdo. Postal 424, Chetumal, Q. Roo. 77000.    | 
> | MEXICO                                        | 
> | Tel: (983) 2-16-66                            | 
> | Fax: (983) 2-04-47                            | 
> | e-mail: jpcarri@xaway.ciqro.conacyt.mx        | 
> |-----------------------------------------------| 
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 18 21:29:58 1996 
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 14:41:12 -0800 
From: coral <coral@igc.apc.org> 
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Organization: Coral Forest 
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To: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
References: <199610171306.VAA14305@is1.hk.super.net> 
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Regarding quinaldine, my understanding is that its use does have some  
negative impacts on reefs and reef fishes.  It stands to reason that any  
poison used to stun a fish is potent and will impact delicate  
ecosystems. Contact Nancy Daves at NMFS (301) 713-2319, and Georgia  
Kranmore (813) 570-5305 at NMFS for their studies.  
 
Marcy Roth 
Coral Forest 
--  
Coral Forest 
400 Montgomery Street, Suite 400 
San Francisco, CA 94104 USA 
(415) 788-REEF (7333) 
Fax (415) 331-4064 
E-mail: coral@igc.apc.org 
Web site: http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 18 23:32:44 1996 
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 16:49:45 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: coral <coral@igc.apc.org> 
cc: gregorh@hk.super.net, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
In-Reply-To: <32680788.3F71@igc.apc.org> 
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Marcy, 
 
Your statement, on the face of it, does not "stand to reason".  The blue 
ringed octopus releases poison into the environment to stun and kill 
shrimp.  Does that impact delicate ecosystems?  I am not convinced that 
quinaldine in small doses has any negative "permanent" effect on the 
environment. It does have a very beneficial effect when collecting small, 
delicate and hole-dwelling fishes.  There is far less stress and potential 
harm to these fishes when handled in an anesthetised state rather than 
thrashing around in a net.  There are safe anethestics used for all other 
creatures, and for now, quinaldine is the anesthetic of choice among 
scientists and aquarium professionals.  That said, I am not an advocate of 
the wholesale release of this anesthetic to the general public and fish 
collectors.  Highly concentrated solutions and heavy doses can be 
detrimental (in the extreme, we can say with 100% certainty that corals 
will not live in pure quinaldine!).  The use of quinaldine should be 
regulated but allowed for scientific and related purposes. 
 
I will call the folks you mentioned and read their reports.  The more 
data that is available the better for making an objective conclusion. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
 
On Fri, 18 Oct 1996, coral wrote: 
 
> Regarding quinaldine, my understanding is that its use does have some  
> negative impacts on reefs and reef fishes.  It stands to reason that any  
> poison used to stun a fish is potent and will impact delicate  
> ecosystems. Contact Nancy Daves at NMFS (301) 713-2319, and Georgia  
> Kranmore (813) 570-5305 at NMFS for their studies.  
>  
> Marcy Roth 
> Coral Forest 
> --  
> Coral Forest 
> 400 Montgomery Street, Suite 400 
> San Francisco, CA 94104 USA 
> (415) 788-REEF (7333) 
> Fax (415) 331-4064 
> E-mail: coral@igc.apc.org 
> Web site: http://www.blacktop.com/coralforest 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 19 21:02:02 1996 
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Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 14:20:21 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 1996 13:59:04 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
To: Nicolas James Pilcher <nick@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
 
 
Nicolas, 
 
OK, that was a bit terse.  Sorry.  I just get more and more upset at 
conclusions tossed out without data to substantiate them.  Quinaldine has 
been such a subject for decades.  Most of the arguments that I have seen 
have been based on emotion and assumption, whereas most of the scientific 
data have indicated that it has little if any environmental impact -- and 
no impact on the fish if applied correctly.   
 
Now the subject comes up again and the same baseless arguments arise.  I'd 
like to see some real data.  My own experience with the anesthetic 
indicates that it has little if any effect on surrounding organisms.  Yes, 
occasionally other fishes ares stunned, but either I collect them too or 
they just recover on their own in a minute or two and swim away.   
 
I have not used any qunialdine in a long time, but it is very useful in 
collecting Cirripectes blennies and some deep reef fishes, or to 
anesthetize them prior to handling during tag and release studies, such 
as the research I conducted. Some of the fish I studied were captured and 
released multiple times using quinaldine.  This fish feeds on live 
coral and I photographed the coral during the study.  There was no effect 
on the coral due to the quinaldine -- there was, however, a significant 
negative effect on the coral due to the fish feeding upon it! 
 
I would hazard a guess that quinaldine and MS-222 are on the shelves of 
many(most?) ichthyologists who work on coral reefs who have to safely 
capture their fish and release them for study.  Nets can be used but too 
often damage the fish.   
 
By the way, I do not condone nor advocate breaking of coral to capture 
fish.  And, as I stated before, I would advocate regulations or licensing 
of people who intend to use quinaldine on a reef to ensure that they know 
how to mix it and use it properly.  In my opinion, it should be used only 
for research.  Virtually all aquarium fish that hobbyists might want can 
be collected by an experienced collector using nets. 
 
Bruce 
********************************************** 
 
On Sat, 19 Oct 1996, Bruce Carlson wrote: 
 
>  
> Nicolas 
>  
> Prove it. 
>  
> Bruce 
>  
> On Sat, 19 Oct 1996, Nicolas James Pilcher wrote: 
>  
> > In reply to Bruce's recent comments, and in light of the fact that this is 
> > now warming up to the extent of actually sidestepping the original request 
> > for info, my I draw your attention ot the following: 
> >  
> > I AM convinced that quinaldine in any dosage has an effect on these delicate 
> > ecosystems, no matter how permenent, and THAT (the fact that there IS an 
> > effect) is the real issue.  Quinaldine in small doses to catch other small 
> > fish -aside from that it was not what was originally in question - has an 
> > adverse effect on the nearby small fish that were not intended for capture. 
> > In many cases these are then helpless to defend themselves, and get eaten by 
> > the larger, not anaethesised fishes. That IS permanent.  Removing coral fish 
> > that are asleep inside coral crevices in many cases also results in the 
> > breakage of corals to get to them (not always, but it definitely happens), 
> > and again, that IS permanent.  Standing to reason is that we are all in this 
> > for the longevity of the reefs and their inhabitants - incuding those who 
> > want to remove the fish for whatever purposes, and ANY man-made effect on 
> > the reef should be out of the question!  Let's face, if the reefs were 
> > supposed to have little squirts of quinaldine, don't you think they'd have 
> > figured it out by now? 
> >  
> > Happy ruminating this one..... 
> >  
> > Nick 
> > !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
> > Nicolas J. Pilcher 
> >  
> > Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation 
> > Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 
> > 94300 Kota Samarahan 
> > Sarawak, Malaysia 
> >  
> > Tel ++ 60 82 671 000 Ext. 181 
> > Fax ++ 60 82 672275 
> > E-mail nick@tualang.unimas.my 
> > !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
> >  
> >  
>  
>  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 21 00:18:22 1996 
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Date: Sun, 20 Oct 1996 20:47:32 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com> 
Subject: Bali 
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Any coral/mangrove/seagrass scientists and/or managers/NGOs, etc. on Bali 
who would be willing to talk with a journalist doing research on these 
ecosystems? I will be there 12-13 November, staying in Sanur at the Laghawa 
Beach Inn. Tel: (0361) 288494. Fax: 62-361-289353. Or contact me by return 
e-mail, phone or fax at the addresses below before I depart the States on 1 
November. 
        Or, anyone with recommendations for important sites to visit there 
(relative to the above interests)? Thanks. 
Cheers, 
Osha 
 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: osha@pobox.com 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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(Sent this last week, but suspect it never got through as I never got a copy  
back!) 
 
Users will be pleased to know that, as of this week, the World Conservation  
Monitoring Centre has placed some 150 maps of coral reefs onto the Web.   
These are the same maps which are in ReefBase Version 1.0 (although they are  
georeferenced in the latter and can thus be linked to other data).  The maps  
include simple bathymetry, mangrove and coral reef data.  All are fully  
referenced and users are asked to look at these references as an integral  
part of the maps! 
 
http://www.wcmc.org.uk:80/marine/data/ 
 
Other marine data on this site include lists of marine protected areas by  
country and other marine statistics. 
 
Please note that our Coral Reef Mapping Initiative and ReefBase are ongoing.   
If you are able to supply better, newer, or more detailed information please  
contact myself (for maps) or the ReefBase team in Manila (e-mail:  
reefbase@cgnet.com).  I hope this information is useful and look forward to  
your comments. 
 
Cheers  
 
Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 22 12:47:30 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Dida Kutz <didak@sfsu.edu> 
Subject: Banda Is. 
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Hi- I'm currently investiogating the possibility of doing some basic survey 
research in the Banda Is. next March. I understand there is a dive operation 
there. Can anyone give me the name of the outfit, and/or any info about them? 
 
Any other comments about doing work there would be deeply appreciated also. 
 
Thank you, 
Dida Kutz 
didak@sfsu.edu 
 
didak@sfsu.edu 
 
Director 
Pacific Cetacean Group 
 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  
San Francisco State University 
Graduate Student--Dept. of Biology 
San Francisco, CA  94132 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 22 13:51:00 1996 
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Date: Tue, 22 Oct 1996 12:35:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Info on quinaldine effect on corals 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 18 Oct 1996 12:35:50 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Info on quinaldine effect on corals - Reply 
 
A copy of a report titled Observations on Florida reef corals treated with 
fish-collecting chemicals. is available from the librarian at the Florida Marine 
Research Institute, 100 8th Ave SE, St. Petersburg, FL 33701.  Ask for FMRP 
number 10. 
 
I worked on the study and we did note that some corals bleached from 
application of quinaldine to their tissues.  We also found that small cryptic 
fauna were stupefied by quinaldine and were very easy prey for the blueheads 
that trailed us during the experiments.    We ran a literature search on 
quinaldine and similar chemicals this spring.  The results did not provide any 
conclusive new evidence that would ban its use.  Walt Jaap 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 23 23:06:22 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <milicich@ces.ces.linuxhk.com> 
From: "Maria Justine MILICI" <CESAL@CEnvSci.Com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:14:57 +0000 
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Subject: tracking down an elusive map!! 
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Dear List Members, 
 
I hope someone out there might be able to help me.  I'm trying to  
find a map that a colleague has told me exists but he can't remember  
where he saw it!! 
 
Its a world map that details the damaged coral reefs around the world  
and identifies them by colour coding according to the type of damage.  
 Apparently there are about 4-6 categories, listing things such as  
destructive fishing, overfishing, mining, bad water quality.... 
 
If anyone can help me with this I would sure appreciate it.  I want  
to use it for presentation at an Asian Hotel Forum in a couple of  
weeks where I aim to  
outline what resort developments may be able to do for coral reefs etc.... 
 
By the way, I visitied Paul Blanchons site yesterday and was most  
impressed.  The geology essay is excellent and having taught a few  
lectures on that topic in a general tropical marine biology course, I 
 was excited by the material for teaching  
purposes as well as for my own education.  And the access to other  
sites is excellent.  The address is: 
 
http://www.ualberta.ca/~pblancho/index.html 
 
thanks 
 
Maria  
Dr. Maria Milicich 
Senior Scientist 
CES (ASIA) LTD 
Room 1201 Tai Yau Building, 
181 Johnston Rd 
Wanchai 
fax: 28910305     ph: 28931551 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 24 01:09:30 1996 
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Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 12:11:25 +1000 
To: coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Tim Norman <timn@intercoast.com.au> 
Subject: Coral reef viability 
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I would like to make contact with anyone who is conducting research into the 
long-term management of coral reefs. I am particularly interested in 
management strategies that have "sustainable bioconstruction" as their 
objective - a timeframe of decades to centuries. 
 
My angle is conservation biology and reserve selection strategies but I am 
also investigating the socio-economic and political implications of 
long-term management strategies. 
 
I don't want to burden the list with a long message so I am happy to provide 
further details on the research I am undertaking on request. 
 
Many thanks 
 
Tim Norman 
				 
Phone: (+612) 9949 1428 
Fax: (+612) 9380 6964 
e-mail: timn@intercoast.com.au 
	timn@amsg.austmus.gov.au 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 24 13:08:22 1996 
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Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 11:29:49 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Subject: McManus list (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 09:40:51 -0500 (EST) 
From: Walt, Jaap <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
To: HENDEE@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: McManus list 
 
 
John McManus' list was a nice stimulant to stir up some action.  I offer a 
few items to add to your literature list for monitoring and sampling 
methods.  I could spend days adding other items, it is a forever task.  I 
will get you a few more on a later date.  We have an unpublished manual 
that Porter, Dustan, Jaap and Wheaton developed for the EPA coral reef and 
hard bottom monitoring project in the keys that empahasizes video.  PAX 
Walt Jaap 
 
SELECTED METHODS LITERATURE 
 
Braun-Blanquet, J.  1932.  Plant sociology: the study of plant 
communities.  Koeltz Scientific Books (reprint).  Box 1360 D-6240 
Koenigstein, Germany. 
 
Andrewartha, H.G.  1971.  Introduction to the study of animal populations. 
University of Chicago Press, Chicago.  283 pp. 
 
Elliott, J.M.  1973.  Some methods for the statistical analysis of samples 
of benthic invertebrates.  Pub. 25, Freshwater Biological Association, 
Ferry House, Ambleside, Westmoreland.  LA22 0LP, United Kingdom.  148 pp. 
 
Mueller-Dombois, D and H. Ellenberg 1974.  Aims and methods of vegetation 
ecology.  Wiley, New York.  547 pp. 
 
Pielou, E.C.  1975.  Ecological diversity.  Wiley-Intersience, New York. 
165 pp. 
 
McIntosh, R.P.  1978. Phytosociology.  Benchmark papers in ecology.  Vol. 
6. Hutchinson and Ross, Inc.  Dowden. 
 
Stoddart, D.R. and R.E. Johanes (editors) 1978.  Coral reefs: research 
methods.  UNESCO, Paris.  581 pp. 
 
Pickett, S.T.A. and P.S. White (editors) 1985.  The ecology of natural 
disturbance and patch dynamics.  Academic Press, Orlando.  472 pp. 
 
Likens, G.E. (editor)  1988.  Long-term studies in ecology: approaches and 
alternatives.  Springer Verlag, New York.  214 pp. 
 
Jaap, W.C., J.L. Wheaton, and K.B. Donnelly 1990.  Materials and methods 
to establish multipurpose, sustained ecological research stations on coral 
reefs at Dry Tortugas.  Pp 193 to 203 in.  Proc. AAUS Tenth annual 
Scientific Diving Symposium, St. Petersburg. 
 
Golley, F.B. 1993.  A history of the ecosystem concept in ecology.  Yale 
Univ.  Press, New Haven.  254 pp. 
 
English, S., C. Wilkerson, and V. Baker. (editors) 1994.  Survey manual 
for tropical marine resources.  Australian Inst.  Of Mar. Sci.  368 pp. 
 
Rogers, C.S. (editor) 1994.  Coral Reef monitoring manual for the 
Caribbean and western Atlantic.  Virgin Islands National Park, St. John, 
USVI.  107 pp. 
 
Committee on biological diversity in marine systems, National research 
Council 1995.  Understanding marine biodiversity.  National Academy Press, 
Washington.  114 pp. 
 
Lessios, H.  1996.  Methods for quantifying abundance of marine organisms. 
Pp 149 to 157 in.  Proc. AAUS 1996 Scientific Diving Symposium, 
Washington. 
 
 Polunin N.V.C. and C.M. Roberts (editors) 1996.  Reef fisheries Chapman 
and Hall, London.  477 pp. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 24 14:36:32 1996 
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To: IYOR-L@uriacc.uri.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de (Reinhold Leinfelder) 
Subject: IYOR Germany takes off! 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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(if you subscribed to both the IYOR and the CORAL-listserver, we apologize 
for the inconvenience of receiving this message twice) 
 
INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF 1997: ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY 
 
 
IYOR-Germany took some time for preparations. But now we are taking off 
like a rocket! 
 
This mail is from the official organizing group for IYOR-Germany. We would 
like to inform you about the German activities for the 
International Year of the Reef (1997). 
 
You may also check our web page on general IYOR aims and German IYOR 
activities at: 
 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/IYOR 
 
 
The German IYOR initiative was officially launched at a meeting 
of the German Science Foundation (DFG) in Gttingen in Oct. 1996. The DFG 
meeting was held on the occasion of the closure of the Research Priority 
Programm on Modern and Ancient Reefs. The great majority of German reef 
researchers attended the meeting and support the initiative. 
 
 
GERMAN IYOR COMMITTEE: 
 
Organizing team: 
Prof. Dr. Reinhold Leinfelder, Institute of Geology and Paleontology, 
University Stuttgart, reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
PD Dr. Franz Brmmer, Institute of Biology, University Stuttgart, 
bruemmer@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
Dipl.-Biol. Moshira Hassan, GEOMAR, Kiel, mhassan@geomar.de 
Dipl.-Biol. Felix Gunkel,fgunkel@gwdg.de and Dipl.-Geol. Gert Woerheide, 
gwoerhe@gwdg.de, both Institute of Geology and Paleontology, University 
Gttingen 
 
The curatorium consists of: 
Prof. Dr. Helmut Schuhmacher, Institute of Ecology, University of Essen 
(probably the most renowned German reef zoologist) 
Prof. Dr. Erik Fluegel, Institute of Paleontology, University of Erlangen 
(probably the most renowned German reef geoscientist) 
Prof. Dr. Fritz Steininger, Director of the Senckenberg Museum at Frankfurt 
(probably the most renowned German museum on Natural History and Biology) 
 
 
 
GERMAN IYOR ACTIVITIES 
 
 German IYOR activities  particularly focus on the following: 
 
1. Exhibitions 
2. Diving associations 
3. Schools 
4. General public information in various media. 
 
The following activities are already completed or under direct preparation: 
 
1. EXHIBITIONS 
 
* IYOR-OPENING BY HANS HASS: The largest European exhibition/fair on water 
sports, the BOOT 
(translated: 'boat', taking place in Dusseldorf in January 1997) is, among 
other things,  the top exhibition for all national and international diving 
associations (sport divers, research divers). We are proud to announce that 
the opening public talk will be held by HANS HASS (our most charismatic 
diving biologists, Austrian, born in 
1919, who made many books and films which ANY Austrian or German knows) and 
this WILL BE THE OFFICIAL OPENING FOR IYOR IN GERMANY. There will be a 
booth with informations on IYOR as well. 
 
*MUSEUM TOUR EXHIBITION ON REEFS: The outcome of the 6-years DFG-priority 
program on reefs (with more than 150 colleages involved, see above) 
 will be presented in a public reef exhibition (sponsored by the DFG, and 
also official part of the 
German IYOR-activities). We will also particularly focus on the importance 
of reefs for mankind. This exhibition will be starting at the renowned 
Senckenberg Museum (Frankfurt am Main) and probably will go on tour to a 
variety of other museums and exhibition halls in the course of 1997. 
 
 
2.DIVING ASSOCIATIONS 
 
* Many different diving associatons (both German and International) support 
IYOR. German diving tourists are widespread across the globe and this is 
why we will particularly focus on these associations. Activities will 
include articles in diving and tourism journals as well as new information 
material for instructors. Franz Bruemmer, from the IYOR-group, Germany, is 
vice president 
 or committee member of a variety of diving associations and head 
associations, so we do 
have good possibilities. See below for the  associations involved to date. 
 
 
3. SCHOOLS 
 
* In Spring 1997, Moshira Hassan, GEOMAR, Kiel will give informative 
courses on coral reefs for selected high schools in Northern Germany. The 
courses will include slide shows, excursions to the Baltic Sea and an 
introductory scuba dive. 
Similar activities with other schools are in preparation at a larger scale. 
We are also preparing course material for distribution to school teachers. 
 
 
 
4. GENERAL PUBLIC ACTIVITIES 
 
* Press conferences at various occations. The first one was during the reef 
meeting mentioned above (Gttingen). Outcome: IYOR presented in the press 
in a friendly way 
 
* The "Jurassic Reef Park", a popular educational science internet article 
(by Reinhold Leinfelder), both in English and German, informs on modern and 
ancient reefs, and also on their possible importance for mankind. 
(URL http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/Jurassic_Reef_Park) 
 
* The German IYOR web page not only lists the activities of IYOR, but also 
gives informations on the importance of reefs and suggestions what everyone 
can contribute to the protection of reefs.URL: 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/IYOR (maintained by Reinhold 
Leinfelder, send your info on IYOR- activities in Germany to him, this 
e-mail's address) ( mostly in German) 
 
* Various information brochures on the importance of reefs will be produced 
The reef exhibition mentioned above will be accompanied by a catalogue 
including similar informations. 
 
* Colleagues will prepare popular science articles for selected popular 
journals, including diving journals. We will also try to launch articles in 
the mass media. 
 
* Public talks and guided tours will be given 
in museums, zoological gardens and aquariums, as well as other 
institutions. 
 
SUPPORTERS 
Who supports IYOR-Germay till now? 
 
University Institutions 
* GEOMAR-Kiel (Prof. Dullo, Dipl.-Biol. Moshira Hassan - e-mail: 
mhassan@geomar.de) 
* Institut fr Geologie und Palontologie der Universitt Stuttgart (incl. 
its reefgroup: Prof. Dr. R. Leinfelder et al.,  e-mail: 
reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de). 
* Institut fr Biologie der Universitt Stuttgart,  (Privatdozent Dr. Franz 
Brmmer, e-mail:  Bruemmer@po.uni-stuttgart.de, Prof. Dr. H.-D. Goertz) 
* Institut und Museum fr Geologie und Palontologie der Universitt 
Gttingen (Prof. Reitner, Dipl.-Biol. Felix Gunkel - e-mail: 
fgunkel@gwdg.de, gwoerhe@gwdg.de) 
* Institut fr Palontologie der Universitt Erlangen-Nrnberg (Prof. Flgel) 
* Institut fr kologie, Universitt GH Essen (Prof. Schuhmacher) 
* Institut und Museum fr Geologie und Palontologie der Universitt 
Tbingen (Dr. Gischler). 
(additionally we have a long signature list of supporting reef researchers 
from Germany) 
 
Museums 
* The Senckenberg Museum of Natural Science Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main 
(Director Prof. Steininger) 
* Museum of Natural History, Stuttgart (Director Dr. Knig) 
 
Zoological Gardens 
* Wilhelma Stuttgart 
 
Diving organisations 
 
* WITUS: Scientific Diving Group of the University of Stuttgart (as part of 
the Association of Research Diving Biologists) (ARDB) 
* Frderkreis Sporttauchen e.V. 
* Verband deutscher Sporttaucher, e.V. (VDST, member of CMAS) 
* Wrttembergischer Landesverband fr Tauchsport e.V. (WLT) 
* Baltic Dive Center (Oliver Wolf) 
* PADI Europe -PROJECT AWARE 
 
 
Schools 
* Integrierte Gesamtschule Ltjenmoor/Kiel 
 
Others 
* Technisches Hilfswerk Kiel 
(with many others we are in negociations) 
 
 
Regards to all of you, 
 
the German IYOR organizing team 
 
Moshira, Franz, Gert, Felix and Reinhold 
(e-mail- and full addresses see above) 
 
PS: IYOR GERMANY HAS OPENED A BANK ACCOUNT FOR SPONSORS. 
If you want to contribute ask Reinhold or check out the IYOR-Germany webpage 
 
 
******************************************** 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie 
der Universitaet Stuttgart 
Herdweg 51 
D-70174 Stuttgart 
Germany 
 
e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
phone: ++49-711-1211340 or -1339 
fax: ++49-711-1211341 
 
WorldWideWeb: 
Institute:  http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/ 
Reef Group Stuttgart: http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/reefgroup/ 
German activities to the International Year of the Reef 1997: 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/IYOR 
 
Dive into the Jurassic Reef Park! 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/Jurassic_Reef_Park/ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 24 16:16:51 1996 
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Date: Thu, 24 Oct 1996 14:09:50 -0500 (CDT) 
From: "Richard B. Aronson" <raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu> 
Subject: Reef Methods 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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To follow up on Walt Jaap's recent message, here is another reference on  
video monitoring techniques for coral reef ecology: 
 
Aronson, R. B., et al.  1994.  Large-scale, long-term monitoring of  
Caribbean coral reefs: simple, quick, inexpensive techniques.  Atoll  
Research Bulletin 421: 19 pp. 
 
We've also got a paper on multivariate applications of video transect  
methods coming out in the proceedings of the Panama symposium 
 
 
Rich Aronson 
 
 
______________________________________________________________________________ 
Richard B. Aronson 
Dauphin Island Sea Lab 
P. O. Box 369-370 
Dauphin Island, AL 36528 
 
Voice: (334) 861-7567 
Fax: (334) 861-7540 
email: raronson@jaguar1.usouthal.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 25 01:03:02 1996 
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Subject: Expeditions in Borneo 
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       Attn Coral reef or Tropical Marine ecosytem researchers 
 
        We are organising 5 one month expeditions during the next 2 years to 
remote unstudied tropical marine ecosystems off the island of Borneo.  These 
include soft bottoms, coral reefs & mangrove swamps.   We should be able to 
provide the resources for most suitable research topics in taxonomy, 
ecology, biology, behaviour, resources etc.   If you can provide funds for 
yourself  (flights & food mostly),  we would be interested in hearing from you. 
 
BODGAYA ISLANDS 
 
6 th April - 9th May 1997  Bodgaya Islands  Offshore from Semporna 
reefs & islands mostly on the continental shelf,   Various ecosystems mostly 
reefs. 
Includes Sipadan (National park)  and Mabul which are dive resorts as well 
as other reefs and islands which are outside the national park. 
 
KUDAT BAY 
 
1st - 30th June 1997 Extreme NE of Borneo. sediment and dynamite impacted 
reefs?  Complete range of ecosystems from muddy shores, mangrove, & seagrass 
to coral reefs.  Likely to include extensive seagrass beds and hopefully 
dugongs.  
 
LAYANG  LAYANG ATOLL 
 
16th Aug. - 19th Sept.  Layang Layang atoll in Spratley islands, 320km Nw of 
Kota Kinabalu, Dive resort  
This is an untouched, pristine, oceanic atoll, visibility of up to 70m. 
 
More details on the web page 
http://www.unimas.my/%7Enick/ 
 
 
Dr. Steve Oakley,  Institute of Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation  
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 
soakley@tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 672275  Tel 082 671000 x 260  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Oct 25 18:29:53 1996 
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Date: 25 Oct 1996 17:22:01 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral Reef Status Paper On- 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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                           Subject:                         Time:   17:06 
                           Coral Reef Status Paper On-line  Date:   10/25/96 
 
The paper on coral reef status that I presented at the 8th International Coral 
Reef Symposium (co-authored with John McManus, Mark Spalding and Stephen 
Jameson) is now available on-line.  It can be found at 
http://www.ogp.noaa.gov/misc/coral/8icrs 
 
The abstract follows. 
 
----------------------------- 
 
CORAL REEF STATUS AROUND THE WORLD: 
WHERE ARE WE AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE? 
 
C.M. Eakin, J.W. McManus, M.D. Spalding and S.C. Jameson 
 
 
ABSTRACT 
 
The Philippines-hosted International Coral Reef Initiative Workshop, June 
1995, began a concise global summary of coral reef ecosystem status. State of 
the Reefs and six regional status reports evaluated environments, threats and 
opportunities for improved management. Regional meetings, held Jun. 1995 - 
Feb. 1996, provided greater focus on the regions and improved regional 
assessments. The ICRI Framework for Action calls for regular reviews of these 
important ecosystems and of actions toward the goal of increasing 
sustain-ability to be shared with international bodies and conventions. Global 
and regional programs must coordinate efforts to help countries relieve human 
pressure on reef ecosystems around the globe. This presentation will introduce 
the status reports, discuss the interrelationships between these organizations 
and plans for developing the global monitoring network and delivering future 
assessments. 
 
__________________________________________________________ 
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D. 
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210 
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603 
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073 
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Oct 26 21:06:21 1996 
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Date: Sat, 26 Oct 1996 17:07:22 -0600 
From: "James A Powell" <jpowell@btl.net> 
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Organization: Wildlife Conservation Society 
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Subject: Glover's Reef Marine Research Station 
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Glover's Reef Marine Research Station  
Belize, Central America  
Wildlife Conservation Society  
P.O. Box 2310  
Belize City, Belize  
Tel: 501-2-33855  
FAX: 501-2--31963  
E-mail: jpowell@btl.net  
 
Please take a look at our WWW page at:  http://www.une.edu/glover/glovindx.html 
 
Glover's Reef atoll and marine reserve is located approximately 50 km off the coast of central Belize. It  
is considered to be one of the most  pristine and  important coral reef sites in the Caribbean.  Due to the   
isolation of Glover's Reef atoll,  there is little influence from coastal sedimentation or pollution. It is   
considered to be one of the most ideal sites in the world to conduct coral reef research (Dahl, MacIntyre  
& Antonius. 1974. A  comparative survey of coral reef research sites. In:  Marie-Helene Sachet and  
Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.). Consequently, the Wildlife Conservation Society  
(WCS) in cooperation with the Government of Belize has established a permanent research station at   
Middle Cay  located on Glover's Reef. WCS along with the Government of Belize would like to invite   
scientists and  graduate level students who are interested in working at Glover's Reef to contact James  
Powell at  jpowell@btl.net for more information.   
 
The marine reserve at Glover's Reef atoll  is a major component of a general comprehensive program  
for  coastal zone management for Belize, Central America.  In a broad sense the reserve was  
established to  maintain ecological processes, preserve genetic diversity, achieve sustainable yields of  
its resources  through wise management of species and their habitats,  maintain natural areas for  
education and research  and provide social, and economic benefits through ecologically sensitive  
recreation and tourism. Keenly  aware of the need to protect this world class resource, the Wildlife  
Conservation Society (WCS) purchased  the island of Middle Cay, situated at the southern end of the  
atoll, for the purposes of  providing  a marine  park headquarters for the Government of Belize and to  
establish a marine research field station. WCS has  completed construction of this facility and now  
provides a base of operations for park rangers and scientists  alike.   
 
WCS's over-arching mission is to provide for the long-term conservation and protection of Glover's Reef   
atoll. To accomplish this goal, WCS is working in close collaboration with the government of Belize to   
develop a coordinated research and management program for the atoll. WCS's primary responsibility in  
this  partnership is scientific research. In the coming years, we hope that the research on Glover's Reef  
atoll will  lead to a better understanding and management of this coral reef.  The Comparative  
Investigations of Tropical Reef Ecosystems (CITRE) program identified  Glover's Reef as  the most  
preferred site  in the Caribbean for "long-term, multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional investigation of  coral  
reef ecosystems" (Dahl, MacIntyre & Antonius. 1974. A  comparative survey of coral reef research  sites.  
In:  Marie-Helene Sachet and Arthur Dahl. Atoll Research Bulletin. 172: 37-75.). The authors reported,   
"In contrast to the other reefs surveyed in the Caribbean area, Glover's Reef atoll appears to offer the   
greatest variety of reef types, and the optimum reef development in terms of population density and  
species  diversity of reef corals and associated organisms". In addition to Glover's Reef, Belize's  
extensive barrier  reef is 30 km away.     
 
The WCS research station on Glover's Reef atoll is located on Middle Cay. The present facility includes  
a  ranger station and visitor's centre, a dry laboratory and work area, dining and cooking facilities (meals  
are  provided) and housing for eight scientists and/or students. There are  boats, air compressor and  
SCUBA  tanks for researcher support.  Aquarium facilities  are available.  The station is  
completely self- sufficient with full-time electricity (110 vac) provided by a complementary system of  
wind and solar power.  Fresh water is available through a de-salination plant and  
rain-water catchment.  Refrigeration is available. Toilet facilities are state-of-the-art pollution-free,  
containment composition type.  One aim of the station is to utilize non-polluting and energy efficient  
technology.  WCS invites any scientists or students interested in using the Glover's Reef Research  
Station   to please  contact: Glover's Reef Marine Research Station, P.O. Box 2310, Belize City, Belize  
or  Tel. 501-2-33855 or  fax 501-2-31963.  E-mail messages can be sent  to: jpowell@btl.net.  
 
 
 
--  
James A. Powell 
Director 
Glover's Reef Marine Research Station 
P.O. Box 2310 
Belize City, Belize 
Tel./Fax 501-233855 
Middle Cay tel: 501-148474 
E-mail: jpowell@btl.net 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Oct 27 01:13:39 1996 
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Date: Sun, 27 Oct 1996 15:07:36 +1000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au> 
Subject: GCRMN Pilot Monitoring Study 
Cc: gcrmn-stac@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, gcrmn@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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GLOBAL CORAL REEF MONITORING NETWORK (GCRMN) 
 
Pilot Monitoring Programme of the IOC-UNEP-IUCN Global Coral Reef Monitoring  
Network: we are launching a one-off pilot programme to monitor reefs around  
the world.  We invite you to participate. 
 
This call is to marine research groups, senior researchers and others who 
have experience in monitoring coral reefs, particularly in several different 
coral reef regions. 
 
Our goals are to: 
 
establish a cooperative network; 
 
demonstrate to governments, donors and the science community that a network  
can function; and 
 
assist developing countries get started in reef monitoring. 
 
We shall ask you to monitor at least one site in your country and a parallel  
one with developing country scientists between December 1996 and May 1997; 
then pool the data so that we can report a snapshot view of reef status as  
part of the International Year of the Reef in June 1997. Methods and protocols  
will either be provided by electronic mail or are in the Manual (see below)  
now being revised for a 2nd printing. 
 
It is probable that sites monitored this time will constitute the basis for 
a global system of regular long-term monitoring. 
 
HISTORY 
 
The concept of global coral reef monitoring has been discussed for many  
years. It culminated in June 1992 in Guam, at the 7th International Coral  
Reef Symposium when many reef scientists and managers reported their  
willingness to participate in a 'snapshot' global reef monitoring programme. 
But there was no money to get it started. 
 
METHODS 
 
Methods from the Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources (Eds. English,  
Wilkinson and Baker, published by AIMS) from the ASEAN-Australia Living  
Coastal Resources Project will form the basis for monitoring.  These were  
chosen as the 'standards' by the UNEP-IOC-WMO-IUCN Meeting of Experts on a  
Long-Term Global Monitoring System of Coastal and Near-Shore Phenomena  
Related to Climate Change, Pilot Projects on Mangroves and Coral Reefs,  
December 1991, and confirmed by the UNEP-IOC-IUCN-ASPEI Global Task Team  
on the Implications of Climate Change on Coral Reefs in 1992.  However, 
during this Pilot project, any comparable methods will be acceptable. 
 
These biophysical monitoring methods include: 
manta tow (or equivalent for a broad perspective); 
 
line intercept transect with identification at a minimum of 'lifeform' level  
(or equivalent transect method to gather % cover data); and 
 
fish censusing,  with emphasis on fisher target species and indicator fish,  
like butterfly (chaetodont) fish. 
 
Reporting should also include specific events and activities e.g. bleaching,  
predators, dynamite damage, urchin populations etc. Data on these are being 
accumulated by several groups, coordinated by Bob Ginsburg in Miami, Gregor  
Hodgson in Hong Kong, and John McManus of ReefBase in Manila. 
 
A comparable set of socioeconomic parameters are being assembled. 
 
THE GCRMN 
 
The GCRMN was activated by the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI)  
to provide Research and Monitoring information on coral reefs and related  
ecosystems for more efficient management and long-term conservation.  The  
GCRMN has 3 co-sponsors (IOC, UNEP and IUCN), two hosts (AIMS and ICLARM)  
and interacts closely with the ICRI Secretariat. 
 
The overall objectives of the GCRMN are to: 
 
     improve the conservation, management and sustainable uses 
     of coral reefs and related ecosystems for peoples of the 
     tropics and the world through assessing the trends in 
     biophysical status and social, cultural and economic 
     values of these ecosystems; 
 
     provide many people with the capacity to assess their 
     resources and integrate these people into a global 
     network to document and disseminate data on reef status 
     and trends. 
 
The GCRMN is based on the following principles: 
 
emphasise the involvement of local communities; 
 
put equal emphasis on biophysical and social, cultural and economic data; 
 
function through existing organisations, networks, and monitoring  
programmes, not create new bodies; 
 
offer a standard methodology, but be responsive to wishes of participants; 
 
often focus monitoring in current or planned Marine Protected Areas and  
adjacent unprotected areas; 
 
ensure that data are accessible to all in an understandable format. 
 
CONTACT 
 
If you want more information, please look up the web site - 
 
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn.html 
 
to sign up contact - 
 
Dr Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator, Global Coral Reef Monitoring 
Network, c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science 
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE MC  4810, AUSTRALIA 
Tel:      +61 77 534 372 or +61 77 724 314 
Fax:      +61 77 722 808 or +61 77 725 852 
e-mail:   c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au 
 
or 
 
Dr John McManus, ReefBase Project Leader 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 
MCPO Box 2631, 0718 MAKATI, Metro Manila, PHILIPPINES 
Tel:      +63 2 818 0466 or +63 2 817 5255 
Fax:      +63 2 816 3183 
e-mail:   j.mcmanus@cgnet.com 
 
 
Clive Wilkinson, Coordinator 
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network 
Tel: +61 77 724314; Fax: +61 77 722808 or 725852 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Oct 27 16:54:09 1996 
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From: "EcoSense" <ecosense@cura.net> 
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Date: Sun, 27 Oct 1996 15:53:25 -04:0 
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****  FIELD TRIP OFFERING  **** 
 
Rerun field trip to Cura=E7ao - Bonaire 
 
 The Cura=E7ao-Bonaire field trip which was organized as part of the  
 8th International Coral Reef Symposium was an enormous success for both 
 participants, local scientists and the organizers. Therefor the 
 organizers are considering to rerun the field trip from June 29  - 
 July 6 1997. We need a minimum of 15 participants (max. 18) to run 
 the field trip. During the field trip, which is orientated on both 
 biology and geology, we will visit about  10 SCUBA-dive localities 
 and 16 geological sites. For transportation from Cura=E7ao to Bonaire 
 and back we will use a 36 m Sailing Ship.  
 
For more information and application form contact: 
Manfred van Veghel 
EcoSense, P.O. Box 3187, Cura=E7ao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone/Fax: + 599 9 613196; E-mail: ecosense@cura.net 
EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
PO Box 3187 
Cura=E7ao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 28 09:43:12 1996 
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Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 08:20:22 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Congressional Research Service Reports available 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date:    Thu, 24 Oct 1996 14:06:28 -0400 
From:    "Comm. for the NIE" <jeff@cnie.org> 
Subject: Congressional Research Service Reports available 
 
          CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE REPORTS AVAILABLE 
 
Hello, 
 
I would like to invite you to visit the Committee for the National 
Institute for the Environment's (CNIE) web site. 
 
                http://www.cnie.org 
 
We are developing a prototype National Library for the Environment, an 
on-line source of environmental information.  The address is: 
 
                http://www.cnie.org/nle 
 
To activate the project, the CNIE has put on-line about 200 full-text U.S. 
Congressional Research Service (CRS) reports on environmental issues. Our 
site has reports covering a range of environmental topics including: 
 
  Agency Profiles                  Air 
  Biodiversity                     Climate 
  Energy                           Forestry 
  Information Sources              International 
  Legislation                      Marine 
  Mining                           Pesticides 
  Pollution--General               Population 
  Public Lands                     Regulatory Reform 
  Risk Assessment                  Science & Tech. 
  Stratospheric Ozone              Trade, Taxes & Econ. 
  Transportation                   Resources--General 
  Waste Management                 Water Quality 
  Wetland & Aquatic 
 
 
CRS, part of the United States Library of Congress, provides nonpartisan 
information on any subject of interest to Congress. CRS products undergo 
careful review for accuracy, thoroughness, technical soundness, balance, 
nonpartisanship and objectivity. 
 
The Committee for the National Institute for the Environment is a 
nonprofit organization with broad support from the scientific, 
environmental, state and local government, and business communities.  Its 
mission is to improve the scientific basis for making decisions on 
environmental issues through institutional reform of the federal 
government and the creation of a nonregulatory science agency known as the 
National Institute for the Environment. 
 
Please feel free to let me know what you think of our web site. 
 
Juge Gregg 
Director, Academic Relations 
 
********************************************** 
Juge Gregg 
Director, Academic Relations 
Committee for the National Institute for the Environment 
1725 K Street, NW  Suite 212     PHONE 202-628-4303 
Washington, DC 20006                FAX 202-628-4311 
juge@cnie.org              http://www.cnie.org 
********************************************** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 28 10:20:04 1996 
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From: spauls@conicit.ve (Sheila M. Pauls (UCV-ZOOl.TROP.)) 
Message-Id: <9610281413.AA21377@dino.conicit.ve> 
Subject: spawning Montastrea in Venezuela 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 10:13:41 -0400 (AST) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
I did observe Montastrea annularis spawning the night of September 4th, 1996 
(10:40 pm) at Dos Mosquises Key, Los Roques Archipelago, Venezuela (Southern 
Caribbean). 
 
Sheila M. Pauls 
 
******************* 
Sheila M. Pauls 
Instituto de Zoologia Tropical 
Universidad Central de Venezuela 
A.Postal 47058 
Caracas 1041-A - Venezuela 
E-mail: spauls@conicit.ve 
******************* 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Oct 28 10:34:27 1996 
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Date: Mon, 28 Oct 1996 09:09:00 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: New charter document for GCRMN 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961028085937.27158E-100000@coral> 
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The new charter document of the GCRMN can be found at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn.html 
 
and is also included here: 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
        The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Coral reefs around the world are being damaged and destroyed at an 
increasing rate. But we cannot be precise about how much and where, 
because of the special difficulties of monitoring underwater. Thus, there 
is a need to assess how, where and why damage is occurring and determine 
the best methods for prevention. 
 
By harnessing the interest and skills of all users in reef assessment and 
management, the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) has been 
established to tackle these problems and to provide valid management data. 
 
The GCRMN's major product will be the facilitation of networks of people 
trained to look closely at coral reefs and to monitor their progress over 
time. This will also provide knowledge and data on reef status and trends. 
 
Essentially, the GCRMN is a bottom-up network which aims to tap into the 
current knowledge about coral reefs in order to advance reef management. 
 
BACKGROUND 
 
Global reef monitoring has been discussed seriously for some time. When 
the International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) was launched at the United 
Nations Global Conference on Sustainable Development of Small Islands 
Developing States in Barbados in 1994, there was renewed emphasis on 
monitoring coral reefs. In 1995 ICRI called on many nations to commit 
themselves towards increasing research and monitoring of reefs to provide 
the data for effective management. 
 
IOC,UNEP,WMO and IUCN have joined forces to co-sponsor the GCRMN, which is 
hosted jointly by AIMS (Australian Institute of Marine Science) and ICLARM 
(International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management). These 
bodies, along with the ICRI Secretariat, form the GCRMN Management Group. 
Advice is provided by a widely representative Scientific and Technical 
Advisory Committee (GCRMN-STAC). 
 
WHERE IS GCRMN LOCATED 
 
The GCRMN will function through fifteen independent networks, or 
sub-nodes, in six regions around the world. These networks will contain 
many different groups of people, all collaborating to monitor coral reefs 
and share data. 
 
The regions are: 
 
   * Western Indian Ocean islands and East African States 
   * Middle East Gulfs (those countries bordering the Red Sea around to the 
     Persian/Arabian Gulf) 
   * South Asia (India, Sri Lanka and Maldives) 
   * East Asian Seas (from Burma/Myanmar and Japan to Indonesia/Philippines 
   * Pacific Island states 
   * Caribbean and Intra-Americas, including countries with reefs bordering 
     the Atlantic Ocean 
 
Regions will be divided by the participant countries into smaller 
sub-nodes, each of which will employ a team of trainers and database 
operators to assist a small group of countries Funding for each of these 
sub-nodes will be requested from country, development bank and agency 
donors, with the responsibility of funding monitoring to devolve to the 
countries, after about five years. Donors are invited to assist in 
developing the networks and funding proposals in regions where their 
 
Regions will be divided by the participant countries into smaller 
sub-nodes, each of which will employ a team of trainers and database 
operators to assist a small group of countries Funding for each of these 
sub-nodes will be requested from country, development bank and agency 
donors, with the responsibility of funding monitoring to devolve to the 
countries, after about five years. Donors are invited to assist in 
developing the networks and funding proposals in regions where their 
interests are paramount.  interests are paramount. 
 
Thus, the GCRMN will emphasise the involvement of local communities. 
Wherever possible, the GCRMN will use existing organisations and networks, 
integrate existing monitoring programmes, and maintain flexibility to 
incorporate different methods of monitoring, other than the standard 
methodology. 
 
GCRMN OBJECTIVES 
 
The GCRMN aims to improve management and sustainable conservation of coral 
reefs for people by assessing the status and trends in the reefs and how 
people use and value the resources. It will do this by providing many people 
with the capacity to assess their own resources, within a global network, 
and to spread the word on reef status and trends. 
 
In summary, the core objectives are: 
 
   * To link existing organisations and people to monitor biophysical and 
     social, cultural and economic aspects of coral reefs within interacting 
     regional networks. 
 
   * To strengthen the existing capacity to examine reefs by providing a 
     consistent monitoring program, that will identify trends in coral reefs 
     and discriminate between natural, anthropogenic, and climatic changes. 
 
   * To disseminate results at local, regional, and global scales by 
     providing annual reports on coral reef status and trends to assist 
     environmental management agencies implement sustainable use and 
     conservation of reefs. Data will also aid preparation of predictive 
     global climate change models for the GOOS Coastal Zone Module. 
 
HOW DOES THE GCRMN WORK? 
 
The strategy to establish the global network is to employ a team of 
monitoring trainers in each GCRMN sub-node and use this team to train 
similar trainers in participating countries. The training will continue 
throughout the region with the focus on monitoring by local communities. 
 
Monitoring will continue over time at key national sites, to gather data 
and develop skills. Experienced marine institutes will assist in training, 
establishing of databases and problem resolution. 
 
A range of reef types will be monitored along line transects, assessing 
easily recognisable lifeforms and total fish counts, with specific counts 
of 'target' fish of commercial or recreational value. As people gain more 
experience, monitoring will be upgraded using the same methods, but to 
species level. Local communities will be questioned on their use and 
knowledge of reef resources and how management may be improved. The 
Network will be responsive to reef users and provide information back in 
an understandable format. Much of the monitoring will be in current or 
planned Marine Protected Areas and adjacent unprotected areas. This will 
be coordinated with the World Bank, IUCN/CNPPA, and GBRMPA Global 
Representative System of Marine Protected Areas project. 
 
Monitoring data will be accumulated in each sub-node for distribution 
within the region and to ReefBase (ICLARM, Manila). These will be 
combined, by the GCRMN Coordinator, into annual global reef status 
summaries and disseminated to international forums, organisations and the 
media. 
 
Two special monitoring projects will be supported by the GCRMN: a pilot 
programme undertaken simultaneously by research institutes around the 
world to give a snapshot of reef status; and the development of a tourist 
monitoring programme coordinated through tourist operators. 
 
   * Ensure that your organisation or country is informed of the GCRMN and 
     its objectives. 
 
   * Inform the GCRMN Coordinator about organisations and individuals who 
     wish to be part of the International Coral Reef Initiative and the 
     GCRMN. 
 
   * Recommend the possibility of funding by donors to assist a sub-node or 
     country, or through the direct funding of training workshops or 
     publications. 
 
   * Assist us to provide training or equipment to countries to monitor and 
     operate their own databases. 
 
For further information, please contact: 
 
Dr Clive Wilkinson Coordinator, 
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network 
c/o Australian Institute of Marine Science 
PMB No. 3, TOWNSVILLE MC 4810 
AUSTRALIA 
Tel: +61 77 534 372 or +61 77 724 314 
Fax: +61 77 722 808 or +61 77 725 852 
e-mail: c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au 
 
or 
 
Dr John McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, 
MCPO Box 2631 
0718 MAKATI, Metro Manila 
PHILIPPINES 
Tel: +63 2 818 0466 or +63 2 817 5255 
Fax: +63 2 816 3183 
e-mail: j.mcmanus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Oct 29 15:54:22 1996 
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Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 14:34:07 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: South Florida Ecosystem Success Indicator - 11 
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  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text, 
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. 
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. 
 
--------------30E32FB74E01 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=us-ascii 
Content-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961029141905.7C@coral> 
 
 
Greetings, 
 
The attached message is a prologue to a larger document by Dr. Michael P. 
Crosby, "South Florida Ecosystem Success Indicator - ll: Improvement of 
Coral Reef Conditions."  The entire document may be read on the Web at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/indicators.html 
 
It is also available as a postscript document in the following anonymous 
FTP subdirectory on coral.aoml.noaa.gov: 
 
	pub/champ/docs/sfl 
 
 
----------------------------------------------- 
 
Dear Colleagues, 
 
As part of my responsibilities and interests both within NOAA and as a 
representative on the South Florida Restoration Intergovernmental Science 
Working Group I have drafted the following short description of the 
"Ecological Success Criteria" for the improvement of coral reef condition. 
This very succinct description is the product of numerous discussions, 
meetings and e-mails (most of which began on Jim Hendee's coral listserver 
earlier this year).  I greatly appreciate the input and ideas that I 
received from many of you with expertise in this broad ecosystem.  I was 
NOT looking for verbose treatise on the subject of what is "healthy" 
versus "non-healthy".  What I was attempting to do was to identify 
specific variables (i.e., biomass, diversity, presence/absence, 
physico-chemical, indicator species) that should increase or decrease, and 
in what magnitude, in order to say the system is improving in overall 
condition.  I also want to emphasize that I was seeking criteria to 
measure significant improvement, not total restoration (that is another 
kettle of fish altogether!) 
 
Some variable that had earlier been suggested (although in many cases 
still requiring some degree of being quantitative) are: 
 
- Nutrients and suspended sediments reduced 
- Macro algae bloom and coverage decrease 
- Increase sea urchin population 
- Tortugus shrimp harvests restored to recent historic levels to support a 
    MSY of 10 million pounds annually 
- Increase in population of common snook 
- Increase in recruitment of Gray Snapper 
- Restoration of larval and juvenile spiny lobster habitat (loggerhead 
    sponges) to their historic range 
- Increase in sighting of jewfish 
- Increase in sighting of sea turtles 
- An increase in coral cover by 15-20% 
- Restore coverage and species composition of seagrasses to mid-1980s 
    level 
- Increase in wading bird, osprey and brown pelican populations 
 
The input of many of you, as well as an initial review (by the Everglades 
Partnership and Center for Marine and Environmental Analyses at their 
Workshop on Ecological sustainability Criteria for South Florida in April, 
1996) of draft ESI criteria developed for the entire South Florida Region 
has led to the following ESI for the condition of coral reefs in South 
Florida.  You will note an absence of criteria pertaining directly to 
fishes, birds, turtles, etc and a strong focus on the coral reef itself. 
This is in direct response to the recommendations from several of you and 
specifically the above mentioned workshop.  The more mobile species 
associated with coral reefs (Yes, we all know that coral have mobile life 
stages, but we are dealing with adults here) are addressed in other 
sections of the South Florida Ecological Success Criteria document that 
should be available in early December, 1996 from the South Florida 
Restoration Intergovernmental Science Working Group.  I have asked Jim 
Hendee to post this "final draft version" of the Coral Reef Chapter of 
that document on the CHAMP Home Page and the coral listserver in order to 
get this out ASAP and pre-final publication.  I still have time to make 
some changes to this Chapter prior to the middle of November, 1996.  I 
would also be greatly appreciative to hear back from anyone who has any 
kind of data sets and monitoring or research sites that can assist with 
creating the baseline for either the existing and previous condition of 
the identified variables.  Please feel free to either send you comments 
directly to my internet address or use the coral listserver.  And once 
again, Many Thanks to all of you who have helped with your comments, 
suggestions and encouragement. 
 
Cheers, 
Michael 
 
--------------------------------------------------- 
Dr. Michael P. Crosby 
National Research Coordinator Ocean and 
   Coastal Resource Management 
NOAA, SSMC-4, Rm 11437 
1305 East West Highway Silver Spring, MD 20910 
phone:301-713-3155, ext. 114 
fax: 301-713-4012 
Internet: mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov 
 
--------------30E32FB74E01-- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 30 08:32:01 1996 
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Date: Wed, 30 Oct 1996 07:34:30 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: CHAMP down today 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961030073230.1679A-100000@coral> 
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The coral-list listserver and the CHAMP Home Page will be down today for 
operating system upgrades. 
 
Thank you for your patience. 
 
	JCH 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Oct 30 08:36:43 1996 
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Date: Wed, 30 Oct 1996 07:35:42 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: bleachings and spawnings (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961030073441.1679B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 29 Oct 1996 15:03:03 -0600 (CST) 
From: Rosa Elisa Rodriguez <rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: bleachings and spawnings 
 
Coral Bleaching in the Mexican Caribbean was observed in October 1995. 
Personal observations were done in the rear-reef of Puerto Morelos Reef. 
Quatitative data are as follows 
 
1: 1-20% of the colonies were bleached 
2: 21-40% 
3: 41-60% 
4: 61-80% 
5: 81-100% 
			Site 1	Site 2 
Montastrea annularis	5	4 
Diploria strigosa	1	- 
Meandrina meandrites	5	- 
Porites porites		3	3 
P. astreoides		1	- 
Isophyllastrea rigida	3	- 
Isophyllia sinuosa	3	- 
Acropora palmata	0	1 
A. cervicornis		-	1 
A. prolifera		-	5 (only 2 colonies present) 
Agaricia agaricites	5	- 
A. tennuifolia		5	- 
 
M. complanata		5	5 
M. alcicornis		3	- 
 
Palythoa sp. and many species of gorgonacea were also bleached 
 
Other sites reported by locals were Punta Nizuc (Cancun), Manchones Reef 
(Isla Mujeres), Mahaual (South of Quintana Roo). 
 
Observations conducted in March, 1996 revealed no bleaching in Site 2 and 
two other sites.  In site 1 only M. annularis colonies remained pale on 
the top part of the colony, the sides had recovered their original color. 
 
Although we have no quantitative data no severe mortality appeared to 
have happened due to the bleaching event. 
 
Biol. Rosa Rodriguez 
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia 
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico 
Estacion Puerto Morelos, Lab. Arrecifes Coralinos 
 
Tel (987) 102-19 
Fax (987) 101-38 
 
e-mail: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 31 03:52:45 1996 
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Thu, 31 Oct 1996 16:42:35 +0800 
Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 16:42:35 +0800 (SST) 
From: Chou Loke Ming <sbsclm@leonis.nus.sg> 
To: Clive Wilkinson <C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, gcrmn-stac@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        gcrmn@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: GCRMN Pilot Monitoring Study 
In-Reply-To: <2.2.32.19961027050736.006f8f98@email.aims.gov.au> 
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Dear Clive, 
 
Yes, we will participate in the pilot monitoring programme. Will select a 
few reef sites in Singapore for the monitoring. 
 
Loke Ming 
 
------------------------------------------------ 
 
Dr. Chou Loke Ming 
School of Biological Sciences 
National University of Singapore 
10 Kent Ridge Crescent 
Singapore 119260 
 
e-mail: sbsclm@nus.sg 
tel: (65) 772 2696 
fax: (65) 779 6155 
 
------------------------------------------------ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Oct 31 09:26:09 1996 
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Date: Thu, 31 Oct 1996 07:44:42 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: coral@coral 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: GCRMN Membership 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961031071540.4273A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
	Individuals, institutions and agencies who are actively engaged in 
monitoring coral reefs and recording data, or who plan to do so, may wish 
to join the Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network.  The charter document 
describing the GCRMN may be found at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/gcrmn/gcrmn.html 
 
	Because policy, organizational and operational issues of the GCRMN 
may not be of general interest to the members of coral-list, a separate 
listserver has been instituted for members of the GCRMN.  The intention of 
this list is to foster information transfer among those actively engaged 
in recording data for the benefit of the GCRMN and its goals.  All list 
members may contribute to discussions, which primarily are intended to 
support the goals of the GCRMN.  For general coral discussions, postings 
may be made to the coral-list open discussion group. 
 
        To subscribe to the GCRMN listserver, send e-mail to 
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in the 
body of the text: 
 
        subscribe gcrmn 
 
        For specific questions concerning the GCRMN itself, please contact 
Dr. Clive Wilkinson at c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au. 
 
        If you have any problems concerning the listserver itself, please 
feel free to drop a line to Jim Hendee at NOAA: 
 
	hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              | 
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory  | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             | 
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            | 
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov  1 16:31:01 1996 
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Date: Fri, 1 Nov 1996 15:07:40 +0500 (GMT) 
From: Carola <carola@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: towards sustainable publishing (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SOL.3.91.961101150109.24415B-100000@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
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Hi: 
This message is to alert everybody. 
 
There is a virus in the e-book "toward sustainable publishing" so if you  
get it trow it away!!!!! 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 30 Sep 96 13:57:49 EDT 
From: martin charter <101336.3560@compuserve.com> 
To: BlindCopyReceiver:  ; 
Subject: towards sustainable publishing 
 
Towards Sustainable Publishing by Dr Martin Woodhouse 
----------------------------------------------------- 
 
This report compares the total environmental impact of a book 
created on a diskette (e-book) for reading from the screen with 
that of the identical book printed traditionally on paper. The 
book chosen for comparison is a novel -- "The Harp That Once" -- 
by Patrick Hall -- which has 220 pages in paper form, and 260 
pages when published "Illumination" format on diskette. 
 
The report uses Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) to compare the overall 
impacts of the manufacture, use, and disposal of these two items. 
It discusses in detail the difficulties, both practical and 
conceptual, encountered when setting up this calculation. Despite 
these difficulties, it shows that the conclusion it reaches is 
a valid one; which is that, for identical books and documents, 
publishing electronically on diskette has far less environmental 
impact than doing so on paper. 
 
Apart from its immediate application, "Towards Sustainable 
Publishing" is intended as an introduction to the more general 
field of assessing comparative environmental impacts, a 
discipline which is of rapidly growing importance for 
environmental managers and product designers. 
 
For a free copy of the e-book "Towards Sustainable Publishing", 
please re-email your full postal address. 
 
 
Martin Charter, Director, Eco-Innovations Publishing (an imprint 
of Epsilon Press Ltd) 
  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov  2 08:57:30 1996 
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Date: Sat, 02 Nov 1996 08:19:34 -0500 
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com> 
Organization: Linn-Tarn; Canadian Museum of Nature; Ocean Voice International 
X-Mailer: Mozilla 2.0 (Win95; U) 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: mcall@superaje.com 
Subject: Reputed virus in sustainable publishing 
References: <9611020458.AA27873@Alice.Wonderland.Caltech.EDU> <327B4926.407D@superaje.com> 
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>  
> Hi coral-listers, 
> I have installed a copy of this diskette on my computer.  There has been 
> no catastrophic failure.  My virus checking program (not up to date 
> admittedly) has not found any viruses when I power up.  I did however 
> develop a general protection fault in the e-mail part of my Internet in 
> a Box subsequently, but that point problem is not the general symptom I 
> hear you get from most viruses. 
>  
> So I suspect Justin is right. 
>  
> don mcallister 
>  
> Dustin L. Laurence wrote: 
> > 
> > >This message is to alert everybody. 
> > > 
> > >There is a virus in the e-book "toward sustainable publishing" so if you 
> > >get it trow it away!!!!! 
> > 
> > No offense to the original sender, but it doesn't help anyone to 
> > spread these sorts of rumors.  *Very* few reported viruses are 
> > viruses, so on the face of it there isn't much reason to worry. 
> > 
> > Second, this report comes with NO indication of what the symptoms 
> > are, which makes it even more likely to be an (unwitting, I'm sure) 
> > hoax.  People who know what they're about tend to back up their 
> > statements, hoaxes characteristically come with either no info or 
> > patently bogus info. 
> > 
> > Again, I mean no offense to the original sender, but without better 
> > info the overwhelming likelihood is that this is yet another of the 
> > many, many virus hoaxes that propagate around the net like wildfire. 
> > I hate to see these things get started or propagated without at 
> > least some credible reasons given. 
> > 
> > If anyone is very worried about this and doesn't have any local help, 
> > I guess I am willing to check at least a couple of disks mailed to 
> > me to to resolve any doubt, or tell someone else how to do it.  I 
> > don't really have time for it, but better that than have people 
> > acting on an unverified rumor. 
> > 
> > Dustin 
>  
> -- 
> Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
> Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
> Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
> Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
> URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall@superaje.com 
>  (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 
> 264-9204 
 
--  
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall@superaje.com   
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613)  
264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov  3 22:38:49 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <milicich@ces.ces.linuxhk.com> 
From: "Maria Justine MILICI" <CESAL@CEnvSci.Com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Mon, 4 Nov 1996 10:20:41 +0000 
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Subject: Elusive Map Found!! 
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Hi Coral-List, 
 
Many people asked me to pass on the information about the elusive map  
I was looking for if I ever found it (the one detailing the damage to  
coral reefs around the world), so here goes: 
 
1.  There are maps in the back of a report titled: 
 
Jameson, S.C., JW McManus and MD Spalding 1995. 
  State of the Reefs:Regional and Global Perspectives.  
 
ICRI Executive Secretariat Background Paper, 
 US Department of State, Washington DC 32p 
 
I have a hard copy of this now (I picked it up at ICRS in Panama in  
July) and it says you should contact Stephen  
Jameson at sjameson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov to get a copy.  These maps  
were produced from REEFBASE.  I have tried various ways of ordering  
this cd over the past couple of weeks but, as yet, have had absolutely no luck  
at all.  I have tried emailing John  
McManus directly (Reefbase project leader), emailing the reefbase  
team (Reefbase@cgnet.com) and am now in the process of telephoning ICLARM 
 directly in the Philippines to try to  
obtain a copy.  I suspect this might be the best way to go as they  
may not be contactable thru their email all the time. Fair enough. 
 
2.  I also got some feedback about another map that sounded pretty good.  
Its a World Resources Institute (1995) map of Marine 
Protected Areas Threatened by Development and the Coastal Ecosystems 
Threatened by Development. They do not list coral reefs as such. They  
are in colour and show different 
LEVELS of risk. It is part of a document entitled Coastlines at Risk: 
An index of Potential Development-Related Threats to Coastal 
Ecosystems (D. Bryant, E. Rodemburg, T. Cox & D. Nielson) 1995. 
Address is: World Resource Institute 
1709 New York Ave. N.W., Washington D.C. 20006 Tel 202-638-6300 
 
I visited their website and tried to order a copy but have had no  
response. The website is at:  igc.apc.org/wri but I haven't been able  
to get thru to them for a couple of days. 
 
 
thats it...thanks to all the people who helped me with this...i  
really appreciate it.... 
 
maria 
 
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| 
 
 
Dr. Maria Milicich 
Senior Scientist 
CES (ASIA) LTD 
Room 1201 Tai Yau Building, 
181 Johnston Rd 
Wanchai 
fax: 28910305     ph: 28931551 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov  2 00:40:58 1996 
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Date: Fri, 1 Nov 96 20:58:24 PST 
From: laurence@alice.wonderland.caltech.edu (Dustin L. Laurence) 
Message-Id: <9611020458.AA27873@Alice.Wonderland.Caltech.EDU> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: towards sustainable publishing (fwd) 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
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>This message is to alert everybody. 
> 
>There is a virus in the e-book "toward sustainable publishing" so if you  
>get it trow it away!!!!! 
 
No offense to the original sender, but it doesn't help anyone to 
spread these sorts of rumors.  *Very* few reported viruses are 
viruses, so on the face of it there isn't much reason to worry. 
 
Second, this report comes with NO indication of what the symptoms 
are, which makes it even more likely to be an (unwitting, I'm sure) 
hoax.  People who know what they're about tend to back up their 
statements, hoaxes characteristically come with either no info or 
patently bogus info. 
 
Again, I mean no offense to the original sender, but without better 
info the overwhelming likelihood is that this is yet another of the 
many, many virus hoaxes that propagate around the net like wildfire. 
I hate to see these things get started or propagated without at 
least some credible reasons given. 
 
If anyone is very worried about this and doesn't have any local help, 
I guess I am willing to check at least a couple of disks mailed to 
me to to resolve any doubt, or tell someone else how to do it.  I 
don't really have time for it, but better that than have people 
acting on an unverified rumor. 
 
Dustin 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov  7 14:36:18 1996 
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Date: Thu, 7 Nov 1996 10:24:42 -0800 (PST) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: reefnet@cerf.net (Wendy Holland) 
Subject: http://www.reefnet.org 
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                        Introducing Reefnet.org 
 
                         Coral Reef Cyberzine 
 
Current issue of Reefnet includes: 
 
REEF RESEARCH 
 
In an interview with Dr. Robert R. Warner, plenary speaker at the 8th 
International Coral Reef Symposium, Dr. Warner talks about his research in 
the Caribbean. 
 
NGO NEWS 
 
Dr. Elliot A. Norse introduces the Marine Conservation Biology Institute 
and the symposium planned for June 1997. 
 
FIELD REPORTS 
 
Report on the Bolinao-Anda reef. 
 
Smithsonian review of the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 
 
CONSERVATION STRATEGIES 
 
President Fidel Ramos explains his conservation plans for Philippine reefs. 
******************************************************************************* 
 
Questions or comments should be sent to reefnet@cerfnet.com 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov  7 22:17:54 1996 
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Date: Thu, 7 Nov 1996 21:17:25 -0500 (EST) 
From: Shane <spater@cellmate.cb.uga.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Underwater research opportunity in Papua New Guinea, 1997 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.90.961107211653.16051J-100000@cellmate.cb.uga.edu> 
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Social behavior of sympatric barracuda species  
- EARTHWATCH VOLUNTEER field research in papua New Guinea, 1997 
 
First, I apologize for any repetitious cross-postings for those of you  
who happen to subscribe to the same mailing lists as I. 
 
I'd like to put the word out about an upcoming Earthwatch project I will  
be leading, a program of underwater research to be conducted during June,  
July, and August of 1997.  The setting for this research will be the  
prolific reefs of Papua New Guinea's Madang Province, which lies smack at  
the center of marine biodiversity.  We will gather data through intensive  
underwater observation of barracuda behavior, utilizing SCUBA diving and  
snorkeling, and stay at the Christensen Research Institute, a research  
center which shares a peninsula and 22 acres of former coconut plantation  
with Jais Aben Resort.     
 
     Twenty species of barracuda prowl the world's seas, including  
species classified as predominantly solitary in nature and those of a  
typically more gregarious bent, which often form huge schools.  We know  
next to nothing about the behavior, and even the basic biology, of most  
barracuda species.  My previous research has focused upon the great  
barracuda (*Sphyraena barracuda*), largest and most cosmopolitan of these  
predators.  Next year's study in Madang, which essentially examines and  
contrasts the social behavior of several barracuda species occurring in  
the same geographic area (sympatric species), will contribute to an  
understanding of group formation and persistence in marine predators.   
Results from this study may have broader application and significance in  
approaching questions dealing with the evolution of sociality.   
 
For further information, please contact EARTHWATCH directly by telephone  
or through their WWW site (which also includes information on membership,  
more information about this particular project, and other volunteer  
opportunities for field research). 
 
Earthwatch telephone:	(800) 776-0188 
 
Earthwatch website:		http://www.earthwatch.org 
 
Thanks for your interest. 
 
Shane Paterson 
PhD student, University of Georgia 
 
http://cellmate.cb.uga.edu/~spater/earthwatch.html 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov  8 00:38:43 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <ecosense@popmail.cura.net> 
From: "EcoSense" <ecosense@cura.net> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date: Thu, 7 Nov 1996 21:16:39 -04:0 
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Subject: Spawning Curacao - Aruba 1996 
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Dear spawning fans, 
 
More spawning data from Curacao and Aruba:  
 
New spawning observations from last week: 
Curacao: Neofibularia nolitangere October 30 & 31; Pseudoceratina crassa? November 7 (see information below) 
Bonaire: Montastrea annularis November 1 (3 individuals no further details available at this moment) 
 
New spawning observations from October: see overview of 1996 data below 
 
Species*Date(Month/day)**Time (h)***Location****n***** %   
                        	(Month/day)                                  
Echinodermata 
	Ophioderma rubicundum (male) 
                   *09/05**21.20-21.24***1****2 
	Ophioderma rubicundum (female) 
                   *09/05**21.27***1****1	 
 
Gorgonia 
                    ? 
                    *10/02**22.15***1****1 
	 *10/03**22.35***1****1 
 	Gorgonia ventalina? 
                    *08/31**21.30-22.15***3****10*****~25% 
  
Polychaeta 
	Unidentified species 
                    *10/03**21.15***1****>>100 
                    *09/28**19.15-19.45***1****>>100 
 
Scleractinia 
	Eusmilia fastifiata 
                   *10/02**22.35***1****1 
	*10/03**22.25***1****1 
                   *10/04**21.30-22.43***1****4 
 	Montastrea annularis  
	*10/02**21.25-22.08***1****3*****<10%						 
	*09/04**21.20-22.20***1****6*****<5% 
	*09/04**22.30-22.45***9****1 
	*10/02**21.40-22.40***1****11 
	*10/03**21.00-22.30***1****15 
	*10/04**22.00-22.30***1****6 
	- massive 
	*09/04**21.20***1****1*****<5% 
	*10/02**21.35-22.22***1****16*****~20% 
	- columnar 
	*09/04**21.12-22.20***1****2*****<5% 
	 
 	Montastrea cavernosa (male) 
                  	*09/04**21.10-22.12***1****5***** <5% 
	*09/04**21.45-22.05***1****4 
	*09/05**21.50-22.46***1****2***** <5% 
	*09/28**19.30***1****1 
	*10/02**21.45-22.00***1****4 
 	Montastrea cavernosa (female) 
                   *09/04**21.45-22.05***1****1*****<5% 
	*10/04**22.05***1****1	 
 Spongia                                                       
	Aplisina vulva 
                   *03/03**16.00***5****3*****<30% 
 	Neofibularia nolitangere (male) 
                   *10/30**16.00-17.00***7****>10*****>50% 
                   *10/31**16.05-17.35***2****10	*****~50% 
	Neofibularia nolitangere (female) 
  	*10/31**16.05-17.35***2****2 
 	Pseudoceratina crassa? 
                   *07/21**14.28***6****1 
	 *11/07**16.00-16.20***8****2 female ;5 male   
	Diplastrella sp. ? 
                    *07/21**14.00***4****1 
  
-Locations on Curacao (and Aruba) 
1=Slangenbaai; 2=CARMABI-Buoy 0; 3=Seaquarium Reef ; 4=Lagun ; 5=Vaersenbaai;6=Porto Mari ; 7= Boca Sami; 
8= Westpunt; 9 = Rocky Beach (Aruba) 
 
-Full moon dates in 1996:01/05 - 02/04 - 03/05 - 04/03 -05/03 - 06/01- 06/30 - 07/30 - 08/28 - 09/26 - 10/25 - 11/25 - 
12/12. 
 
-Tidal data is collected by `Curacao Havendienst'; analyzed data for 1996 is not available, for more information on 
spawning and tidal relationship on Curacao see Van Veghel 1994, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 109:209-219  
 
-The major part of the data was collected during the 6th Annual Reef Care Coral Spawning Event and by students and 
colleagues on Curacao. 
 
For more information feel free to contact me at the address below! 
 
Best regards, 
 
Manfred. 
 
EcoSense <ecosense@cura.net> 
Dr. Manfred L.J. van Veghel 
PO Box 3187 
Curacao, Netherlands Antilles 
Phone and Fax: +599 9 613196 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov  9 02:00:16 1996 
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Date: Fri, 8 Nov 1996 19:54:51 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: coral@igc.apc.org 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral/bacteria 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.GSO.3.95.961018163645.9246B-100000@iniki> 
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Observations re: bacterial infections of captive corals 
 
Aquarists around the country who maintain corals in home aquariums have 
observed a syndrome dubbed Rapid Tissue Necrosis (RTN) where corals 
rapidly degenerate.  Small polyp corals such as Acropora spp. seem 
to be most susceptible.  Usually this begins at the base of the coral as a 
white area and rapidly spreads over the entire coral within 24 hours or 
so.  The tissue in the white areas peels off or otherwise degenerates, ie, 
it is not a simple bleaching event.  Under the microscope the usual 
protozoa (cf. Helicostoma sp.) associated with other cases of RTN in large 
polyp corals (e.g.Euphyllia spp.) are NOT observed. 
 
Craig Bingman in New York has tested an antibiotic treatment which worked 
in his aquarium.  I wish to report that we have had similar success.  This 
may be of interest to those studying corals diseases in the field.  IN our 
case, one of our exhibit aquariums was accidentally overdosed with an 
iodine solution.  This (or something else) we surmise stressed the 
acroporid corals in the exhibit.  All of the acroporids in this exhibit 
were cloned and the parent colonies in separate aquarium systems remained 
healthy.  Acropora microphthalma and A. austera both deteriorated rapidly 
and were lost. 
 
The remaining acroporids were treated when signs of the RTN appeared. 
These species included A. cytheria, A. grandis, A. palifera, A. 
gemmifera,and A. sp.  Following Bingman's recommendation, these corals 
were isolated in a 16 liter aquarium and treated with 5mg/liter 
chloramphenicol.  An airstone was added to the tank.  After 24 hours the 
treatment was repeated.  Water from the "infected" tank was used to treat 
the corals rather than "clean" water from our main source.  After 48 hours 
the corals were moved to our outdoor facilities.  The RTN had "consumed" 
up to 50% of some of these colonies before they were treated.  The 
treatment completely halted the progress of the "disease" and all of these 
corals remain alive. 
 
We did not conduct a test for bacteria but the lack of any other visible 
pathogen and the fact that the progress of the RTN was halted by the use 
of chloramphenical strongly suggests that bacteria were the primary 
pathogen.  The fact that we used "infected" water in the treatment tank 
helps us rule out the possiblity that simply transferring the corals to a 
different tank with different water elliminated the problem. 
Additionally, Craig Bingman reports that he treated his entire aquarium 
system with chloramphenicol with the similar results, ie, the RTN 
disappeared. 
 
I am reporting this partly to benefit those who are maintaining corals in 
either aquariums or laboratory conditions.  It may or may not have any 
applicability to field situations.  I am not familiar with the literature 
on bacterial infections in corals but I assume that this in itself is 
nothing new.  Finally, just a warning to anyone using chloramphenicol -- 
it is considered very hazardous and should be used with extreme caution. 
Other antibiotics may be safer and just as effective in treating corals. 
 
For those who may be wondering:  effluent from our coral systems flows 
into the sanitary sewer system, not into the ocean. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Tue Nov  9 16:32:41 1996 
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From: "Paul Hutley" <paulh@metrolink.net> 
To: "Coral List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Date: Sat, 09 Nov 96 16:29:46  
Reply-To: "Paul Hutley" <paulh@metrolink.net> 
Priority: Normal 
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Subject: Plankton Bloom in Caribbean 
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Here is a E-Mail notice from my friend John Birk about a plankton bloom in the Caribbean Sea. I think  
this would be useful to someone.  
 
>>I noticed a plankton bloom covering every dive site 
> >in Antigua starting mon. oct. 28 , it has not yet 
> >abated as of nov. 6. This is the worst I have seen 
> >during my 25 years in Antigua. We have checked 
> >with other dive shops in the Caribbean, and this 
> >thing stretches at the very least from StVincent to 
> >StMartin and as wide as Antigua Barbuda, StKitts 
> >Nevis and to Barbados. 
> >1...Is this of interest to anyone? 
> >2...How far does this thing stretch? 
> >3...Are we seeing something new related to global 
> >    warming. 
> >4...I would appreciate any info. 
> > 
> >John Birk 
> >Dive Antigua 
> >c/o Rex Halcyon Cove Resort 
> >P/O Box 251 Antigua 
> >West Indies 
> > 
> >Tel: 268-462-3483 
> >Fax: 268-462-7787 
> >email: birkj@candw.ag 
> > 
>  
 
Please also send any respones to me and John. John's email address is above. 
 
Thanks  
 
 
Paul Hutley 
 
***  paulh@metrolink.net   ///   Sysop FarPoint Station 91 BBS    1:374/98.9  /// 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 10 16:42:01 1996 
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Date: Sun, 10 Nov 1996 16:51:06 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: kido-ywf@caribsurf.com (kido) 
Subject: Re:Greenish water-reply from Grenadines 
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>To: birkj@candw.ag 
>From: kido-ywf@caribsurf.com (kido) 
>Subject: Re:Greenish water-reply from Grenadines 
> 
>>To: paulh@metrolink.net (Paul Hutley) 
>>From: kido-ywf@caribsurf.com (kido) 
>>Subject: Re:Greenish water-reply from Grenadines 
>> 
>>Paul, 
>>Dr.David Patriquin of Dalhousie sent me your message 
>>Some info about what we know so far about the 'green water'. 
>>We will be happy to network with you,  exchange data and information on 
environment etc at any time.  
>> 
>>Regards 
>>Dario Sandrini 
>> 
>>Kido Project Bio/Environmental Station 
>>Sanctuary, Carriacou, (Grenada) 
>>email  kido-ywf@caribsurf.com 
>>Web page  http://members.aol.com/ywf/home/kido.html 
>> 
>>>To: patriqui@is.dal.ca (David Patriquin) 
>> 
>>>From: kido-ywf@caribsurf.com (kido) 
>>>Subject: Re:Greenish water-reply from Grenadines 
>>> 
>>>Dave, 
>>>we can confirm the presence of the plankton and weeds in the area of the 
Grenada Bank. 
>>>This year unusually  for the second time. 
>>>We are used to this yearly flow of greenish water: the phenomenon here is 
known to be related to the  flooding of the Orinoco river during the rainy 
season from July: the mass of freshwater collects mud, nutrients and weeds 
etc from the inundated fields (Llanos) near the  river proper and is pushed 
north past Trinidad to Tobago. In September we get bits and pieces of weeds, 
wood, and in 1910 an Orinoco crocodile landed in Grenada; in 1928  an 
exhausted alligator was beached in Windward, Carriacou, Grenadines of Grenada.  
>>> 
>>>This year we had the green water  twice. Last week fishermen in the South 
of Grenada reported that it had already cleared, quite possibly currents 
took the lot up further North than usual, probably undergoing some 
biological changes. 
>>>Tanky, the Dive Operator in Carriacou reported of encountering  murky, 
almost black  water, mixed with plankton and algae,  between 2 and 10 meters 
thick , like a  wall; once past the bottom edge  of the liquid wall  the sea 
was perfectly clear again.    
>>> 
>>>It would be interesting to photograph/video tape the extent of the flow 
from our ultralight craft, and keep a detailed record of the changes every 
year.  
>>> 
>>>I am passing on the info to the other parties. 
>>> 
>>>Thanks and regards 
>>>Dario 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
> 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 10 19:20:20 1996 
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	(for coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov) id AA00376; Mon, 11 Nov 96 10:54:35 +1100 
Date: Mon, 11 Nov 96 10:54:35 +1100 
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To: "Coral List" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: David Booth <David.Booth@uts.edu.au> 
Subject: plankton bloom in Caribbean... 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Large scale plankton blooms affected the US and British Virgin Islands 
around this time of year in 1992 that were attributed to the plume of the 
Orinoco River (yes that far away from Venezuela).  The folks at Virgin 
Islands National Park (St. John, USVI) have more information on this 
phenomenon.  I believe (if my memory is correct) that NOAA had some 
satalitte images tarcking the extent of the plume during 1992.  I'll pass 
your message on to friends at VINP who will be able to fill you in on details. 
 
Gigi Beretta 
 
 
Here is a E-Mail notice from my friend John Birk about a plankton bloom in 
the Caribbean Sea. I think  
this would be useful to someone.  
 
>>I noticed a plankton bloom covering every dive site 
> >in Antigua starting mon. oct. 28 , it has not yet 
> >abated as of nov. 6. This is the worst I have seen 
> >during my 25 years in Antigua. We have checked 
> >with other dive shops in the Caribbean, and this 
> >thing stretches at the very least from StVincent to 
> >StMartin and as wide as Antigua Barbuda, StKitts 
> >Nevis and to Barbados. 
> >1...Is this of interest to anyone? 
> >2...How far does this thing stretch? 
> >3...Are we seeing something new related to global 
> >    warming. 
> >4...I would appreciate any info. 
> > 
> >John Birk 
> >Dive Antigua 
> >c/o Rex Halcyon Cove Resort 
> >P/O Box 251 Antigua 
> >West Indies 
> > 
> >Tel: 268-462-3483 
> >Fax: 268-462-7787 
> >email: birkj@candw.ag 
> > 
>  
 
Please also send any respones to me and John. John's email address is above. 
 
Thanks  
 
David J. Booth 
Dept. of Environmental Biology and Horticulture 
University of Technology, Sydney 
Westbourne Street, Gore Hill  NSW 2065 
AUSTRALIA 
'ph 02/9514 4053   Fax: 02/9514 4003  
http://www.bio.uts.edu.au/people/dbooth/index.html 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 11 09:14:41 1996 
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Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 13:10:25 GMT 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: carla@dop.uac.pt (Carla Correia) 
Subject: Ophioblennius research?  
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My name is Carla Correia, and I`m a portuguese Marine Biology student.  
Currently I am preparing my graduation thesis at the Department of  
Oceanography and Fisheries of the University of the Azores (Portugal). My  
area of research has been the Behavioral Ecology of Ophioblennius atlanticus  
atlanticus, in particular alloparental care. I would like to know if any of  
you out there have been working (or have worked) in anything similar. 
 
Best regards 
 
Carla Correia    
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 11 15:24:16 1996 
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11 Nov 1996 14:16:53 -0500 
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Date: Mon, 11 Nov 1996 14:16:52 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Frank Muller-Karger (U. South FLorida / Marine Sci.)" <carib@marine.usf.edu> 
X-Sender: carib@carbon 
To: David Booth <David.Booth@uts.edu.au> 
cc: Coral List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: plankton bloom in Caribbean... 
In-Reply-To: <9611102354.AA00376@iris.bio.uts.edu.au> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.92.961111140930.3102F-100000@carbon> 
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David Booth is correct in stating that the Orinoco River plume reaches far 
and wide over the eastern Caribbean, especially during September-NOvember 
every year. We have clear evidence from satellite images from the Coastal 
Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) for the years 1979-1985 (the device stopped 
working in June 1986). 
 
The NOAA AVHRR is probably not useful to examine the Orinoco plume far off 
the coast of Venezuela, because it only has red and near-infrared 
channels. However, the Japanese launched the Ocean Color Temperature 
Sensor (OCTS) on their ADEOS satellite in August 1996. This device should 
have caught the phenomenon in the Caribbean. It would definitely be useful 
to tell whether the blooms described in the messages below are localized 
(or autochthonous), or whether they are associated with the dispersal of 
the Orinoco's water. 
 
We published the satellite data showing these patterns in several papers, 
in particular: 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E., C. R. McClain, T. R. Fisher, W. E. Esaias, and R. 
Varela. 1989. Pigment distribution in the Caribbean Sea: Observations from 
Space. Progress in Oceanography. 23. 23-69. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E., C. R. McClain, and P. L. Richardson. 1988. The 
dispersal of the Amazon's water. Nature. 333. 56-59. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E., and R. J. Varela. 1988. Variabilidad de la biomasa 
de fitoplancton en aguas superficiales del Mar Caribe: Una perspectiva 
desde el espacio con el CZCS. Memoria. Soc. Ciencias Naturales La Salle. 
Vol XLVIII. Supplement No. 3. 179-201. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E.  1988. Pigment Variability in the Caribbean Sea: A 
study using the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. PhD. Dissertation. Horn Point 
Environmental Laboratories. University of Maryland. 218 pp. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E., and R. Varela. 1990. Influjo del Rio Orinoco en el 
Mar Caribe: observaciones con el CZCS desde el espacio. Memoria. Sociedad 
de Ciencias Naturales La Salle. Caracas, Venezuela. Tomo IL, numero 
131-132;  Tomo L, numero 133-134. 361-390. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E. 1993. River discharge variability in the wider 
Caribbean region including plume dispersal patterns observed with the 
Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS). In: The Impact of Climate Change on the 
Wider Caribbean Region. G. Maul (editor). UNEP. 
 
Muller-Karger, F. E., and R. Aparicio. 1994. Mesoscale Processes Affecting 
Phytoplankton Abundance in the Southern Caribbean Sea. Continental Shelf 
Research. Continental Shelf Research. (14:2/3). 199-221. 
 
 
 
__________________________________ FMK ________________________________________ 
 
 
Frank Muller-Karger			Remote Sensing/Biological Oceanogr. 
Department of Marine Science 
University of South Florida		Phone: (813) 553-3335 (Off.) 
140 7th Ave. South			       (813) 893-9186 (Lab.) 
St Petersburg, FL 33701			FAX:   (813) 893-9103 
 
                                        << carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu >> 
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
On Mon, 11 Nov 1996, David Booth wrote: 
 
> Large scale plankton blooms affected the US and British Virgin Islands 
> around this time of year in 1992 that were attributed to the plume of the 
> Orinoco River (yes that far away from Venezuela).  The folks at Virgin 
> Islands National Park (St. John, USVI) have more information on this 
> phenomenon.  I believe (if my memory is correct) that NOAA had some 
> satalitte images tarcking the extent of the plume during 1992.  I'll pass 
> your message on to friends at VINP who will be able to fill you in on details. 
> 
> Gigi Beretta 
> 
> 
> Here is a E-Mail notice from my friend John Birk about a plankton bloom in 
> the Caribbean Sea. I think 
> this would be useful to someone. 
> 
> >>I noticed a plankton bloom covering every dive site 
> > >in Antigua starting mon. oct. 28 , it has not yet 
> > >abated as of nov. 6. This is the worst I have seen 
> > >during my 25 years in Antigua. We have checked 
> > >with other dive shops in the Caribbean, and this 
> > >thing stretches at the very least from StVincent to 
> > >StMartin and as wide as Antigua Barbuda, StKitts 
> > >Nevis and to Barbados. 
> > >1...Is this of interest to anyone? 
> > >2...How far does this thing stretch? 
> > >3...Are we seeing something new related to global 
> > >    warming. 
> > >4...I would appreciate any info. 
> > > 
> > >John Birk 
> > >Dive Antigua 
> > >c/o Rex Halcyon Cove Resort 
> > >P/O Box 251 Antigua 
> > >West Indies 
> > > 
> > >Tel: 268-462-3483 
> > >Fax: 268-462-7787 
> > >email: birkj@candw.ag 
> > > 
> > 
> 
> Please also send any respones to me and John. John's email address is above. 
> 
> Thanks 
> 
> David J. Booth 
> Dept. of Environmental Biology and Horticulture 
> University of Technology, Sydney 
> Westbourne Street, Gore Hill  NSW 2065 
> AUSTRALIA 
> 'ph 02/9514 4053   Fax: 02/9514 4003 
> http://www.bio.uts.edu.au/people/dbooth/index.html 
> 
> 
> 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 11 23:48:13 1996 
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Date: Tue, 12 Nov 1996 11:17:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
Subject: Reply to: Maria Milicich 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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TO: Maria Milicich 
c/o Coral List 
FROM:Dr John W McManus, ReefBase Project Leader, ICLARM 
DATE:12 November 1996 
 
Dear Maria, 
 
Thank you for your inquiries to ReefBase and to myself.  We received all of  
them and replied to each within one working day, as is our usual policy.  
 Unfortunately, it appears that there is some problem with your receiving  
email, at least from CGNET, our service.  This may also explain your lack of  
response from WRI, although they use a different service. 
 
Fortunately, you included a mailing address.  The answer to your inquiries  
have been mailed, and we have sent you a copy of the ReefBase CD-ROM and  
User's Guide, even if payment has not been received. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr John W McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Aquatic Environments Program 
ICLARM, Makati City 
 
P.S.  For ALL CORAL-LIST READERS - please note that most inquiries regarding  
ReefBase should be addressed (as were some of Maria's) to :  
<reefbase@cgnet.com> .  Responses to email addressed to  
<j.mcmanus@cgnet.com> may be delayed while I am on duty travel.  Thank you. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 13 21:02:00 1996 
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Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 08:35:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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TO All Coral-Listers: 
 
ReefBase just put up a new section to its webpage which allows one to search  
our tables of references (over 6,400) and reef locations (over 6,500).  It  
also displays the reef maps prepared by the World Conservation Monitoring  
Centre at global, regional and country levels. 
 
Ultimately we will put the entire database on the web, but there are still  
some technical difficulties awaiting the release of new programming tools.  
 In the meantime, we would appreciate helpful suggestions as to how we can  
improve our web page.  You can find the web page at  
<http://www.cgiar.org/iclarm/resprg/reefbase>.  Please send your suggestions  
to <reefbase@cgnet.com> 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr John W McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Aquatic Environments Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
205 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, 1229 Metro Manila  
Philippines 
Tel.No.: (63-2) 8180466; Fax No.: (63-2) 8163183 
Email: <j.mcmanus@cgnet.com> 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 14 13:01:42 1996 
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Date: Thu, 14 Nov 1996 11:49:52 -0500 
To: CARRIERPIGEON-L@cornell.edu, ecol-econ@csf.colorado.edu (Clim-Econ List), 
        CNN-NEWSROOM@listserv.aol.com, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List) 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: Nov. 18th USGCRP Seminar on Sustainable Water Resources and Global Climate       
 	         Change: With Emphasis on the Western U.S. 
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             U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
 
            Sustainable Water Resources in the Next Century, With Special 
               Reference to Global Climate Change and the Western U.S. 
 
 
What critical water issues face us as the 21st century approaches?  How is 
the western U.S. particularly affected by projected trends in water 
availability, water use, and water partitioning?  How might projected 
climate changes affect these trends and the economy in the western U.S.? 
Are there signs that climate change has already begun to alter water 
supplies in the West?   What can we do to better prepare for the regional 
impacts of climate change on water resources? 
 
 
                                                             Public Invited 
 
 
                                   Monday, November 18, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                        Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC 
                                                         Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Dr. Robert Hirsch, Chief Hydrologist, U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the 
Interior, Reston, VA. 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Peter H. Gleick, Co-Founder and President, Pacific Institute for 
Studies in Development, Environment, and Security, Oakland, CA. 
 
Dr. W. James Shuttleworth, Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, 
University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ. 
 
                                                     Overview 
 
     State of the World's Water and the Implications for the Western U.S. 
 
As of 1990 nearly 2 billion people worldwide lacked access to what the UN 
defines as clean drinking water and adequate sanitation services.  The lack 
of these basic services led to an estimated 250 million cases of 
water-related disease annually, and between 5 and 10 million deaths, mostly 
of infants and small children.  Yet we are falling behind in our race to 
provide these services and between 1990 and 2000 an estimated 900 million 
more people will be born in regions without access to adequate clean water. 
In addition, agricultural production is constrained by a lack of 
irrigation water or systems.  Unless these problems are addressed, human 
suffering in the future will worsen. 
 
At the same time, nearly half of the world's land area is in an 
international river basin and most of these basins lack even the most 
fundamental agreements on equitable water sharing. This greatly increases 
the risks of conflicts over scarce water.  There are also signs that we are 
falling behind in the race to provide adequate food for the world's growing 
population.  The amount of land per capita that is under irrigation is 
falling for the first time in this century; this raises serious questions 
about our ability to provide food for a world of eight or nine or ten 
billion people, when we cannot reliably do so for a world of about six 
billion. 
 
While the United States is relatively water-rich, the western U.S. is a 
water-scarce region that is experiencing increasing competition for limited 
water supplies.  Over the next several years, difficult decisions will have 
to be made about water allocations for agricultural production, urban 
development, and environmental protection.  At the same time, new concerns 
about global climatic change and the possible consequences for regional 
water supplies and quality are complicating the challenge of planning and 
management.  While the debate about global climate changes continues, there 
is a growing consensus that among the most significant impacts will be 
effects on water resources and water management.  To date, however, there 
has been relatively little recognition of the potential for changes among 
water agencies and planners. 
 
Dr. Peter Gleick will offer an overview of critical global and regional 
water issues and place them in the context of achieving sustainable water 
management in the western United States in the next century. 
 
 
                            Managing a Changing World: A Personal Perspective 
 
As a follow-on perspective, Dr. James Shuttleworth will make the case that 
progress in global change research over the last decade has brought about 
the realization that at least some aspects of global climate change are 
likely to be manageable.  This suggests that it would be productive and 
timely to refocus research within the US Global Change Research Program 
(USGCRP) so as to provide an understanding of how to manage sustained 
development more effectively, recognizing that the world's climate will 
change. He will argue that the USGCRP is overly focused on predicting long 
term change in the globally-averaged surface temperature and that this is 
beyond the time horizon of those managing sustained development for the 
future. Dr. Shuttleworth will argue, therefore, that greater emphasis 
should be given to understanding and predicting phenomena such as regional 
precipitation patterns and characteristics. He will suggest that focusing 
research on predicting likely changes in precipitation statistics over the 
next 30 years and on predicting precipitation for the next 18 months would 
directly align the USGCRP with sustainable development needs. 
 
On the basis of these arguments, Dr. Shuttleworth will propose that the 
USGCRP take the following actions: First, develop predictions of the rate 
of changes in water resources for the US and the rest of the world. 
Second, encourage use of a planning period for all US water development 
projects that recognizes the relative magnitudes of the predicted gradual 
change in regional precipitation and the predicted short term variability 
in precipitation. Third, define as a policy goal maintaining the rate of 
global change such that the human-induced change in precipitation remains 
small compared to natural variability.  Finally, refocus global change 
research on predicting the variability and change in regional precipitation 
over the next 30 years. 
 
                                                      Biographies 
 
Dr. Peter H. Gleick is Co-Founder and President of the Pacific Institute 
for Studies in Development, Environment, and Security in Oakland, 
California.  Dr. Gleick was educated at Yale University and the Energy and 
Resources Group of the University of California, Berkeley.  He is a leading 
expert on global freshwater issues, environmental security problems, and 
the impacts of climatic change on fresh water resources.  His research 
includes work on the sustainable use of water, water conflicts in the 
Middle East, water planning in California, the western US, and 
internationally, and the connections between water, population, and 
development.  He serves on a variety of national and international 
environmental panels, including the Scientific Advisory Group of the 
President's Council on Sustainable Development, the Global Environmental 
Change Committee of the American Geophysical Union, and the Comprehensive 
Freshwater Assessment of the United Nations. 
 
Dr. Gleick received a MacArthur Foundation post-doctoral fellowship in 1986 
to study the impacts of the greenhouse effect on water resources, and a 
MacArthur Foundation Research and Writing Fellowship in 1988 to explore the 
implications of global environmental changes with respect to water and 
international security.  He currently directs programs at the Pacific 
Institute looking at the links between global environmental issues and 
international security and at a wide range of water-resources problems, 
including the sustainable use of water, basic water requirements for human 
and environmental use, water quality, and the history and nature of 
disputes over water in the Middle East and the western U.S.   His book, 
Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World's Fresh Water Resources, was 
published by Oxford University Press in late 1993. 
 
 
Dr. W. James Shuttleworth is an internationally recognized expert in the 
theory and modeling of land surface-atmosphere interactions. Over the last 
decade he has led two major Anglo-Brazilian field experiments in the Amazon 
basin. As member and then Chair of the IGBP/WCRP Joint Working Group on 
Land Surface Experiments, he coordinated large-scale, multinational field 
experiments in France, Spain and the Sahel. His current interests include 
research into the improved representation of land surface interactions in 
General Circulation Models and, in particular, on developing methods to 
assimilate remotely sensed soil moisture into hydrological models and on 
using remotely sensed data to improve the description of mixed vegetation. 
He is presently engaged in collaborative research projects with both the 
National Center for Environmental Prediction and the European Center for 
Medium-range Weather Forecasting to improve weather and climate prediction 
and to facilitate the interpretation of predictions in water resource 
applications. 
 
Dr. Shuttleworth obtained his B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the 
University of Manchester (UK) where, in 1993, he was awarded an honorary 
doctorate degree in science. He later served as Head of the Hydrological 
Processes Division at the UK Institute of Hydrology. Since 1993, he has 
served as Professor of Hydrometeorology at the University of Arizona. He is 
a Fellow of the American Meteorological Society, the Royal Meteorological 
Society and the European Geophysical Society.  Professor Shuttleworth 
serves on the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Global Change 
Research and on the NRC's Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Panel.  He is 
active in the International Geosphere Biosphere Program (IGBP) as Focus 
Chair in their core project 'Biospheric Aspects of the Hydrological Cycle', 
and in the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) as leader of the research 
initiative on Coupled Hydrologic-Atmospheric Models within the Global 
Energy and Water-Cycle Experiment Continental-Scale International Project. 
 
 
                     The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, December 9, 1996 
 
                   Planned Topic - The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and 
                         Mitigation: The Importance of Values and Assumptions 
 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
Code YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 
Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax: (202) 358-4103 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 14 18:02:12 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: ljr5@cornell.edu (Laurie Jeanne Raymundo) 
Subject: coral disease in the Philippines 
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To anybody out there:  I am currently transplanting fragments of Porites 
attenuata (a branching sp.) between two reefs in the central philippines. 
I seem to have come across a disease in some of my fragments (about 10%) in 
one site.  Symptoms are: initial white bleachy spots, about 4-5mm in 
diameter, followed (weeks to a month later, but not always) by nodules of 
about the same size which develop and grow outward from the area of the 
spots.  The fragments then take on a lumpy, misshapen appearance.  No 
mortalities so far.  I have also seen the spots on a massive porites.  I 
have no information on this at all and would appreciate any 
comments/suggested readings/ information that anyone could pass on. 
 
thanks 
 
Laurie Raymundo 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 15 16:40:33 1996 
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Date: Fri, 15 Nov 1996 14:40:23 +0100 
From: Susan WELLS <SWells@wwfnet.org> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: IYOR update - November 
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	INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE REEF 
	 
	ACTIVITIES COMPLETED OR UNDERWAY - 	NOVEMBER 
1996 
 
The following is a selection of IYOR linked-activities that are underway 
or being planned worldwide. The October update missed out a number of 
important ones.  Please also note change of e-mail address if you need 
IYOR information from the Coral Reef Alliance: IYOR1997@aol.com   If 
your activities are not included, contact one of the organisers (see 
below). 
 
	International 
 
June 1996:  IYOR introduced at the 8th International Coral Reef 
Symposium in Panama; over 1400 participants, including many of the 
world's top coral reef scientists, signed the IYOR pledge of support.  A 
press event provided coverage for IYOR in Latin America and the 
Caribbean. 
 
1996: Several thousand IYOR leaflets are being or have been distributed 
worldwide, including 2000 at the 8th International Coral Reef Congress, 
Panama, 8000 through the UK-based Marine Conservation Society's 
mailing list, 1500 through Coral Cay Conservation's list of past volunteers, 
1400 through the Natural History Museum, London, and several hundred 
through the American Zoo and Aquarium Association and the IUCN 
Marine and Coastal Programme. 
 
1996: IYOR information packs distributed at World Conservation 
Congress, Montreal (see below), at through WWF network; plans for 
broader dissemination being made. 
 
1996: IYOR Web Page established: http://www.coral.org/IYOR/ 
 
1996: Educational poster map on *Coral Reefs and Mangroves of the 
World'produced by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre, in English 
and Spanish, and distributed worldwide.  Contact: Mark Spalding, WCMC, 
Fax (44) 1223-277136; e-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
 
October 1996 - IUCN World Conservation Congress, Montreal - IYOR and 
ICRI evening event held to inform and encourage the involvement of 
NGOs around the world; press briefing on coral reefs and IYOR. The  
IUCN Marine and Coastal Programme web site  includes  ICRI and IYOR 
information and links which can be contacted either through: 
*	the IUCN Site at http://iucn.org looking for "Marine and Coastal 
Programme" under "Themes" 
*	the IUCN Marine and Coastal Programme Site directly at 
http://iucn.org/themes/coast_and_marine.html 
 
1996: ReefBase, a global database on coral reefs, made available on 
CD-ROM, with a comprehensive manual.  Contact: John McManus, 
ICLARM, fax (63) 2-816-3183; e-mail: J.MCMANUS@CGNET.COM   1996: 
Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCMRN) launched.  Brochure and 
further information is available from: C.Wilkinson@pearl.aims.gov.au  
 
1997: a series of 52 coral reef story ideas will be syndicated through 
major international media channels, through a joint initiative of IUCN and 
the US Dept of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration (NOAA).  The text for this Media Outreach Proposal can 
be found at the following URL: 
http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/52final.html   For more information and, if 
you would like to submit a story idea, please contact: Matt Stout, NOAA, 
Tel. (202) 482-6090; Fax (202) 482-3154; e-mail: mstout@rdc.noaa.gov 
or Paul Holthus, IUCN, Tel: (41) 22-9990251; Fax (41) 22-999-0025; 
e-mail: pfh@hq.iucn.org 
 
1997: Reef Check 97 -  a one day, rapid survey of basic coral reef health 
parameters by non-scientist diver groups at over 100 sites globally. The 
results will be presented via a live international satellite video link-up. 70 
groups have already agreed to participate.  Protocols are currently being 
tested in Hong Kong, the Solomons and other locations.  Further details 
available after 1 December 1996 from: Shaun Wadell, The Hong Kong 
Marine Conservation Society  Mail: PO Box 10165, Central, Hong Kong   
Fax: (852) 2548-9464  e-mail: HRDUBWD@HKUCC.HKU.HK  
 
1997: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), an 18 member forum 
on trade  and cooperation, will be  holding a technical workshop on the 
'upstream' causes of reef destruction in the fisheries sector and potential 
solutions, at the Eighth APEC Fisheries Working Group meeting (Mazatlan, 
Mexico) and a four-day workshop on the 'downstream' impacts of reef 
destructive fishing in Hong Kong (October ). 
 
	Pacific 
 
February 1997: launch of the *1997 Pacific Year of the Coral Reef' 
(PYOCR), as part of the ICRI Pacific Regional Strategy, in conjunction 
with IYOR, and with the assistance of  the South Pacific Regional 
Environmental Programme.  17 countries are participating and more are 
expected to join.  The PYOR slogan is *Coral Reefs: Their Health, Our 
Future* and a competition is being held to design the logo.  Further 
information from Lucille Overhoff or Iosefatu Reti, SPREP, Apia, Western 
Samoa, Fax 685-20231. E-mail: lucille@pactok.peg.apc.org 
 
1997: The 8th Pacific Science Association's Intercongress in Fiji will 
feature a report and review of assessment work and surveys carried 
out in the Pacific under the auspices of IYOR.  Contact: Dr Charles 
Birkeland, UOG Marine Laboratory, Guam.  E-mail: 
birkelan@uog9.uog.edu 
 
Australia 
 
August 15-30 1996: *Save the Reef' internet art auction, with works of 
art donated by prominent Australian artists, organised by Sydney 
University to raise money for the Coral Reef Research Institute, and its 
research on the Great Barrier Reef. 
  1997: programmes expected to be developed through the Great Barrier 
Reef Aquarium and Australian Marine Conservation Society 
 
Further information on IYOR activities in Australia from: Will Jones, Coral 
Reef Research Institute, University of Sydney.  Tel: (61) 2 9351 5636; 
Fax (61) 2 9351 4119; e-mail: esi@bio.syd.edu.au 
 
	Western Indian Ocean 
 
1997: research and conservation programme to be established through 
the Coral Reef Conservation Project of the Wildlife Conservation Society, 
based out of Mombasa, with funding from the Pew Charitable Trust.  A 
workshop to develop the programme will be held in February 1977.  
Contact: Tim McClanahan, Coral Reef Conservation Project, WCS, 
Mombasa, Kenya  Fax (254) 11 472215.  
 
	South-east Asia 
 
Philippines 
 
September 1996: First IYOR Philippines organizational meeting organised 
by ICLARM; attended by 34 representatives from academia, government, 
NGOs and the private sector.  An interim coordinating council was 
established, composed of representatives from the Haribon Foundation, 
NAUI Philippines, UP Marine Science Institute, the Philippine Council for 
Aquatic and Marine Resources Development (PCMARD), and the 
Philippine Sports and SCUBA Diving Association.  For further information 
contact: ICLARM, e-mail: ICLARM@CGNET.COM or Dir. Cesario R. 
Pagdilao, PCMARD, Los Banos, Laguna,  Philippines.  FAX: 094-536-1582 
 
November 1996: resurvey of reefs previously impacted by sediment at El 
Nido/Bacuit Bay. Contact: Gregor Hodgson, Hong Kong University of 
Science and Technology, Fax: e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk 
 
Hong Kong 
 
October 1996: IYOR to be promoted at First International Marine 
Conservation Symposium.  
 
1997: Reef Check 97 event being organised 
 
For information on activities in Hong Kong, contact: Gregor Hodgson, 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Fax: (852) 2358-1582; 
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk or Shaun Wadell, The Hong Kong Marine 
Conservation Society  Fax: (852) 2548-9464  e-mail: 
HRDUBWD@HKUCC.HKU.HK  
 
Malaysia 
 
IYOR Steering Committee has been established, chaired by Department 
of Fisheries and with NGO participation; WWF Malaysia head a Task 
Force on Education.  Further information from: Lim Li Ching, WWF 
Malaysia. E-mail: wwfmal@pop.jaring.my Fax: (603) 7035157 
  
	USA 
 
September 1996: IYOR information distributed at American Zoo and 
Aquarium Association (AZA) Annual Congress, Waikiki Aquarium, 
Honolulu, Hawaii, with preview of Coral Reef Photography Exhibition. 
 
November 1996: Press Club - *Coral Reef Media Forum' background 
briefing for science writers and correspondents on major US 
newspapers, magazines and television stations, sponsored by NOAA 
and Baltimore Aquarium, and with CORAL, TNC and WWF-US.  Further 
information from National Aquarium in Baltimore.  Tel.  410-659-4248; Fax 
410-659-4253. 
 
December 1996:  "Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe; Our 
Reefs/Caribbean Connections",   the Smithsonian Tropical Research 
Institute's bilingual  traveling exhibit (see Panama below) is expected to 
open for three months at the Miami International Airport. 
 
1996: IYOR Educational Resource List prepared by Coral Forest.  For 
information, contact: coral@igc.apc.org or fax 415-398-0385 
 
1996/97: Ongoing activities at National Aquarium, Baltimore.  Contact: 
Chris Andrews, Fax: (410) 576 1080; e-mail: candrews@clark.net 
 
199671997: Center for Ecosystem Survival, San Fransico.  
*Adopt-a-Reef' programme, started 1995, will be holding fundraising 
drives at schools, aquariums, zoos etc throughout IYOR.  Contact 
Norman Gershenz: Tel 415-338-3393; e-mail: gershenz@sfsu.edu 
  
January-March 1997: IYOR inaugurations in Miami and San Francisco 
 
January 1997: IYOR booth/event at DEMA dive show, Orlando, Florida 
 
1997: PBS half hour episode on coral reefs in the series *The 
Visionaries'; will show work underway in Palau and through CORAL. 
 
1997 IYOR Calendar produced by CORAL (Coral Reef Alliance) 
 
1997: Events organised through public aquariums will include: 
*	Poster contest for children, sponsored by AZA, Waikiki Aquarium 
and others, 
*	Munson Foundation award to be given for best coral reef 
conservation displays at public aquaria; 
*	public service announcement, organised through AZA, on coral 
reefs for kids featuring TV stars *The Kratz Brothers'. 
*	joint program on marine conservation 
1997: travelling coral reef photography exhibition will visit zoos and 
aquariums, organized by CORAL. 
 
June 1997: Clean Oceans 97 conference in Hawaii on Oceans Day will 
focus on reefs in order to promote IYOR, with Bobby Kennedy Jr. as 
keynote speaker.  Further information from: Carl Stepath, Fax (808) 
826-7770; e-mail: sos@ALOHA.NET 
  
Further information on US activities from Stephen Colwell (address 
below) 
 
	Europe 
 
United Kingdom 
 
21 September- 17 November 1996: Natural History Museum/Coral Cay 
Conservation photographic exhibition Coral Reefs, Threats and 
Conservation, with children's 2-day educational weekend at the museum 
with presentations, film shows and educational activities 
 
1996: IYOR T-shirt produced by Seven-Tenths dive wear company, with 
proportion of sales to go to reef conservation projects.   
 
1996-97:  Marine Conservation Society is producing a series of leaflets 
and educational materials specifically for IYOR 
 
January 1997: national launch of IYOR at London Zoo, in conjunction 
with Sea Life Centres, with David Bellamy (British conservationist and 
TV personality).  Simultaneous events at other locations. 
 
January 1997: IYOR publicity at *Destinations *97' (the UK's biggest travel 
show), with David Bellamy, to encourage the travel industry to support 
IYOR 
 
1997: Coral Reef Award: a special award for a coral reef project in the 
BP Conservation Programme, run by Royal Geographical Society /Birdlife 
International/Fauna and Flora International.  Information from: Expeditions 
Officer, Birdlife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Rd, Cambridge CB3 
ONA, UK.  Tel. 44-1223-277318; Fax: 44-1223-277200. 
 
1997: the British Society of Underwater Photographers will stage a 
special competion for a 
portfolio of six slides devoted to a theme relevant to IYOR and coral 
reefs. 
 
1997: The BBC will be preparing a programme on coral reefs a part of its 
forthcoming *Oceans' series 
 
1997: production of reef survey method handbook for volunteer 
programmes.  For further information, contact: Nick Dulvy, University of 
East Anglia, e-mail: N.DULVY@UEA.AC.UK 
  
Further information on UK activities from UK Organising Committee; 
contact Vanesssa Guest (e-mail: 101341.16@compuserve.com) and Liz 
Wood, Marine Conservation Society, Hollybush, Chequers Lane, 
Eversley, Hook, Hants RG27 ONY.  Tel. (44) 1734-734127; Fax: (44) 
1734-731832; e-mail: ewood@globalnet.co.uk 
 
Germany 
 
October 1996: IYOR initiative launched at German Science Foundation 
(DFG) meeting on *Global and Regional Controls on Biogenic Information', 
Goettingen and a German IYOR Committee has been formed with the 
support of the Universities of Stuttgart, Goettingen, Essen, and Erlangen,  
GEOMAR, and the Senckenberg Museum.   Other organisations 
supporting IYOR include the Zoological Gardens, WITUS (Scientific Diving 
Group of Univ. Stuttgart), PADI Europe, Baltic Dive Center, and other dive 
organisations, schools etc. 
 
January 1997: launch of IYOR in Germany at the *BOOT' diving exhibition 
with public lecture  by Hans Hass. 
 
1997: reef exhibition, based on work of DFG, at Senckenberg Museum; 
subsequently to tour other museums and exhibitions halls 
 
Spring 1997: courses on reefs at selected high schools in northern 
Germany; similar activities at other schools in preparation. 
 
A German Web page has been set up 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/IYOR 
 
Further information on activities in Germany from:  
 
Moshira Hassan, GEOMAR Research Center for Marine Geosciences, 
Kiel  Fax: (49) 431-6002941; e-mail: mhassan@geomar.de 
 
Reinhold Leinfelder, University of Stuttgart, Fax (49) 711-1211341; tel. 
(49) 711-1211340; e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
 
Felix Gunkel, Univeristy of Gottingen,  e-mail: fgunkel@gwdg.de  
  
	Caribbean and Latin America 
 
Bahamas 
 
1996: assessment of the Andros Barrier Reef and re-survey of reefs 
studied in 1960s at Abaco Island. 
 
1997: One day *Reef Check 97' event, to participate in global event (see 
above).  Contact: Bill Alevizon e-mail:alevizon@IGC.APC.ORG 
 
Colombia 
 
1996: IYOR committee being established through INVEMAR and Museo 
del Mar; plans to produce poster, stickers, colouring book and atlas of 
reefs of Colombia.  Further information from: Juan M. Diaz, INVEMAR, 
Fax: (57) 54-211377: e-mail: jmdiaz@santamarta.cetcol.net.co 
 
Mexico 
 
1996: Plans for IYOR Committee to be established through CINVESTAV 
 
Panama 
 
June 1996: "Nuestros Arrecifes/Unidos por el Caribe; Our 
Reefs/Caribbean Connections",   the Smithsonian Tropical Research 
Institute's bilingual (Spanish/English) traveling exhibit, with its focus on 
attempts to preserve or restore regional marine ecosystems, opened in 
Panama City at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium. 
 
August-November 1996:  "Caribbean Connections" is relocated to the 
Centro de Exhibiciones Marinas, Punta Culebra, and is open to the public. 
 
April 1997:  The  "Caribbean Connections" exhibit is expected to initiate 
its travels throughout Central America  and the Caribbean. 
 
 
 
If you need further information on the events listed above, 
please contact the organisers directly where details have been 
provided.  Further general information on IYOR is available from: 
 
Stephen Colwell, Co-chair, IYOR Public Awareness and Conservation 
Committee, c/o Coral Reef Alliance (CORAL), 809 Delaware St, Berkeley, 
CA 94710, USA. Fax 510-528-9317; Tel: 510-528-2492; e-mail: 
IYOR1997@aol.com 
 
Robert Ginsburg, Chair, IYOR Organising Committee, University of 
Miami/RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA.  Fax 
305-361-4094; Tel. 305-361-4875. E-mail: rginsburg@rsmas.miami.edu 
 
Sue Wells, Co-Chair, IYOR Public Awareness and Conservation 
Committee, WWF-International, Ave du Mont Blanc, 1196 Gland, 
Switzerland.  Fax: (41) 22-364-5829; Tel: (41) 22-364-9545; e-mail: 
swells@wwfnet.org 
 
 
		 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 18 17:50:04 1996 
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Date: 	Mon, 18 Nov 1996 11:09:38 -1000 
From: Greta Smith Aeby <greta@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: greta@uhunix4 
To: Laurie Jeanne Raymundo <ljr5@cornell.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: coral disease in the Philippines 
In-Reply-To: <v02130500630d13a83095@[132.236.111.152]> 
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Laurie, 
     I work on a trematode which encysts in Porites coral and does produce 
abnormalities within the coral.  Do the spots ever turn pink?  How big 
do the nodules eventually become?  Is the lumpy appearance due to the 
coral polyp swelling up?  If it is the parasite I work on you can take a 
pair of forceps and scrape the swollen, infected tissue off and smear it 
on a microscope slide and you should be able to find a small, distinct  
'bubble'.  This is the encysted trematode.  Let me know if it is.  If you 
are interested I have published some stuff on this system.   
 
Greta 
 
On Thu, 14 Nov 1996, Laurie Jeanne Raymundo wrote: 
 
> To anybody out there:  I am currently transplanting fragments of Porites 
> attenuata (a branching sp.) between two reefs in the central philippines. 
> I seem to have come across a disease in some of my fragments (about 10%) in 
> one site.  Symptoms are: initial white bleachy spots, about 4-5mm in 
> diameter, followed (weeks to a month later, but not always) by nodules of 
> about the same size which develop and grow outward from the area of the 
> spots.  The fragments then take on a lumpy, misshapen appearance.  No 
> mortalities so far.  I have also seen the spots on a massive porites.  I 
> have no information on this at all and would appreciate any 
> comments/suggested readings/ information that anyone could pass on. 
>  
> thanks 
>  
> Laurie Raymundo 
>  
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 18 22:52:22 1996 
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Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996 21:57:55 -0500 (EST) 
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To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
Subject: Deadman's Bay, British Virgin Islands 
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Hello, 
 
My primary interest is sea turtles.  I hang out here because I recognize how 
important coral reef research is to the animals I care about.  I have made 
it a goal to learn more about the environment in certain parts of the world 
where green sea turtles are sick. 
 
Another new site just came to my attention.   
 
The area is called Deadman's Bay, British Virgin Islands.  It is described 
as "a large bay and includes vast areas of sea grass". I have spent most of 
this evening surfing the Net for the state of the reefs in this particular 
area.  All I got is just the faintest hint there might be some problems 
environmentally. 
 
Any help would be really appreciated. 
 
 
Thanks in advance. 
 
 
 
 
                       ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                      0 0                 Email: howzit@io.org 
             /V^\     I I    /^V\          
           /V     Turtle Trax    V\       http://www.turtles.org  
          
            PLEASE SUPPORT Green Turtle Fibropapilloma RESEARCH 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 19 10:06:43 1996 
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Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 07:43:48 -0600 (CST) 
From: Rosa Elisa Rodriguez <rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: rosaer@mar 
To: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd) 
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In the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico several NGO's are organizing an  
educational program for the International Year of the Reef.  We are  
looking for a video that can help us explain the following subjects: 
 
 
What is a coral reef. 
What is a coral 
 
Why are coral reefs important 
What human activities are detrimental to coral reefs 
How can we help to conserve coral reefs 
 
Any information will be helpful. 
 
Please reply directly to me. 
 
Biol. Rosa Rodriguez 
Ap. Postal 1174 
Cancun, Q. Roo, Mexico 
 
Tel (987) 102-19 
Fax (987) 101-38 
 
e-mail: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 19 16:12:57 1996 
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From: KENNARD POTTS <POTTS.KENNARD@epamail.epa.gov> 
To: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd) -Reply 
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One film you may wish to consider was produced under the 
International Coral Reef Initiative (US).  It was produced by the 
United States Information Agency for international distrubition 
only.   It is not available for domestic distribution, by law.   This 
is intended to be an educational film on corals worldwide. 
It is titled "The Fragile Ring of Life"  and is 54 minutes in 
length. 
 
Contact: 
Meyer Odze 
United States Information Agency 
Producer 
Worldnet Television and Film Service 
Washington DC 20547-0001 
 
Ken Potts  
Oceans and Coastal Protection 
US Environmental Protection Agency 
 
potts.kennard@epamail.epa.gov 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 19 17:00:09 1996 
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Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 12:32:05 -0800 (PST) 
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To: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
From: nolan@cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan) 
Subject: re:  Coral Reef Education Videos 
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Greetings, 
 
Although not a video, we have a CD-ROM called Coral Kingdom which 
thematically explores the ecology of coral reefs as well as human impacts. 
This title synthesizes much of my understanding of reefs based upon 
doctoral studies at Enewetak and later work in Hawaii--before becoming a 
producer rather than researcher. 
 
Coral Kingdom comes with a 180 page teacher guide and is actively used by a 
very wide range of educators from middle school through college level 
courses.  If you belong to the NABT, the last issue carried a review. 
 
You can check it out at. 
 
The CyberLearning Collection, 
http://www.cyberlearn.com 
 
Regards 
 
nolan 
Digital Studios/CyberLearning Collection 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 19 17:00:56 1996 
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Date: 	Tue, 19 Nov 1996 10:52:54 -1000 
From: W Douglas Crompton <crompton@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: crompton@uhunix5 
To: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Deadman's Bay, British Virgin Islands 
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.16.19961118230156.0d47bbe0@io.org> 
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Aloha Ursula, 
 
You might try to contact Joe Giocinto at one of his shops.  He runs 
several dive shops in the BVI.  The company is called "Dive BVI" ofcourse. 
 He advertises in most diving magazines.  He should have a good idea of 
the reefs condition.  He's been diving those waters since the sixties. 
 
Say hello for me. 
 
Douglas Crompton  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 19 18:38:37 1996 
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Date: Tue, 19 Nov 1996 16:12:56 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Tony Rath" <trath@btl.net> 
Subject: Re: Need a video for IYOR educational program (fwd) 
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>>In the State of Quintana Roo, Mexico several NGO's are organizing an 
>>educational program for the International Year of the Reef.  We are 
>>looking for a video that can help us explain the following subjects: 
>> 
>> 
>>What is a coral reef. 
>>What is a coral 
>> 
>>Why are coral reefs important 
>>What human activities are detrimental to coral reefs 
>>How can we help to conserve coral reefs 
>> 
>>Any information will be helpful. 
>> 
>>Please reply directly to me. 
 
We have two videos designed for the gradeschool market and one for the high 
school market.  The images all come from the Belize Barrier Reef which is 
in your neck of the woods.  They are available through the Earth 
Foundation.  They can be reached at: 
 
EarthFound@aol.com 
 
Good Luck and let me know if you have any trouble.  I might have a spare 
copy lying around here to lend you. 
 
 
 
Tony Rath 
Creative Director 
-------------------------------------------------------------- 
Visit Belize by Naturalight at:  http://www.belizenet.com/   for your 
complete source of information about coral reefs, rainforest, Mayan ruins, 
ecotourism, weather, weekly newspaper, and so much  more.  Not just another 
website... but a work of art. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 20 00:24:30 1996 
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Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 12:16:09 -0800 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Basil Reyes <basil@i-manila.com.ph> 
Subject: Giant Clams 
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Hi! I'm Ly-ann and I am doing my masteral thesis on the reproduction of 
giant clams at the Marine Science Inst. of the University of the Phils. 
This study is aimed to check on the effects of dissolved inorganic nitrogen 
and live algae on the reproductive development of giant clams.  
 
I would just like to ask for some references that deal with the the use of 
protein, carbohydrates and lipid concentrations in relation to the stage of 
gonad development, in particular on bivalves. 
 
I used Tetraselmis sp. as the live algal supplement, so, if there are 
papers around on its nutritional value, I would appreciate a copy. 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 20 11:32:40 1996 
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Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 10:09:07 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: IYOR: Guidelines, Handbooks and 'Tools' 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961120095311.14727A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Sue Wells' extremely informative "Guidelines, Handbooks and 'Tools' for 
Coral Reef Management", produced in support of the International Year of 
the Reef, may now be found on the Web at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/themes/themes.html 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 20 12:01:06 1996 
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Date: Wed, 20 Nov 1996 09:32:07 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: cfp: RECOVERIES '97 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961120093138.14659A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 18 Nov 1996 09:36:55 +0100 
From: Petr Cejchan <recovery@gli.cas.cz> 
To: hendee@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: cfp: RECOVERIES '97 
 
 
Please forward this message to your 
colleagues or other persons of interest! 
 
FIRST ANNOUNCEMENT - CALL FOR 
PARTICIPATION - CALL FOR PAPERS 
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
RECOVERIES '97 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
 
The final meeting of the UNESCO IGCP Project 
335 
"Biotic Recoveries from Mass Exctinctions" 
 
September 12-14, 1997 
Prague, Czech Republic 
 
_______________________________________ 
_________ 
 
PLEASE, POINT YOUR WWW BROWSER 
TO: 
http://www.gli.cas.cz/conf/recovery/recovery.ht 
m 
_______________________________________ 
_________ 
 
About the project 
 
In the history of the Earth (including the 
recent), numerous events of ecosystem 
collapses occurred that were followed by 
recoveries and origination of new ecosystems. 
This significant transformation could be realised 
in numerous ways. The project aims to be a 
platform for the study of survival and recovery of 
the biosphere, and restructuring of global 
environments, following mass extinctions. 
 
The project outlines are: 
   (1) to study patterns of extinction/survivorship 
of organisms during the mass extinction 
events; 
   (2) to analyse the evolutionary and ecological 
strategies that allowed clades and 
communities to survive and initiate subsequent 
biotic recoveries; 
   (3) to study the structure of the deep-crisis 
ecosystem; 
   (4) to elucidate the recovery initiation 
mechanisms; 
   (5) to find the time, space and functional 
patterns of the recovery; 
   (6) to refine the data and tools for this 
discipline; 
   (7) to develop general models by means of 
comparison of individual global crises in Earth's 
history; 
   (8) to apply these (predictive) models to 
better understanding the modern environmental 
and biodiversity crises. 
 
This international project is headed by Douglas 
H. Erwin, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, 
D.C., and Erle G. Kauffman, University of 
Colorado, Boulder. Over sixty countries are 
involved in the project. 
 
 
Audience 
 
The meeting should bring together 
palaeobiologists, palaeontologists, biologists, 
ecologists, systems theorists, and other 
persons that are interested in the topic. 
 
 
Organisers 
 
The conference is held under the auspices of 
the Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences, 
and is organised by: 
 
Petr Cejchan & Jindrich Hladil 
Geological Institute, Academy of Sciences 
Rozvojova 135 
CZ 165 02 Praha 6 Lysolaje 
Czech Republic 
 
 
Venue 
 
The conference will be held at the new IKEM 
Conference Building, Videnska 800, Prague 4, 
Czech Republic, two bus-stops away from the 
Metro line C station "Kacerov", ca. 20 minutes 
off the city centre. 
 
 
Programme 
 
September 10            registration of pre- 
excursionists (afternoon) 
September 11            pre-session excursion to 
the Cretaceous of Bohemia; registration 
(afternoon) 
September 12            sessions 
September 13            sessions; banquet in the 
evening 
September 14            sessions 
September 15 -16        post-session excursion 
to the Palaeozoic of the Barrandian 
 
 
Accommodation (US$ per person & night) 
 
To reserve the hotel room, you will be asked to 
pay for accommodation before July 31, 1997. 
 
high-level **** 
A - single  185 
B - double  111 
 
medium *** 
C - single              70 
D - double              50 
E - apartment double    57 
F - apartment triple    44 
 
cheap ** 
G - single (in 2x single apartment )    27 
H- double (in 2x double apartment )     20 
I - apartment double                    27 
 
 
Deadlines 
 
pre-registration (WWW or printed form) 
January 31, 1997 
abstracts                                 May 31, 1997 
 
following items are valid only when paid before 
the specified date: 
 
early registration and excursions         May 31, 
1997 
late registration and excursions 
September 12, 1997 
hotel reservation & payment               July 31, 
1997 
 
 
Payments (US$) 
 
early registration (before May 31, 1997)   late 
registration (after May 31, 1997) 
registration fee              250              300 
registration student fee      175              210 
pre-session excursion          50               60 
post-session excursion        100              120 
accompanying persons          150              180 
 
 
Contacts 
 
Please, direct all your correspondence related 
to the conference to the Conference Manager: 
 
Petra Hovorkova, Recoveries '97 
Eurocongress Centre 
Budejovicka 15 
CZ 140 00 Praha 4 
fax +42-2-61211247 
 
For conference update and details on the 
programme please consult: 
 
http://www.gli.cas.cz/conf/recovery/recovery.ht 
m 
e-mail: recovery@gli.cas.cz 
 
 
Equipment 
 
The conference hall will be professionally 
equipped, including: 
two projection screens 
two 35 mm slide projectors 
one overhead projector 
computer presentation projection (Windows 95 
+ MS Power Point) 
video projection (VHS only) 
microphones. 
 
The poster presentation room will be equipped 
with poster panels and will be available during 
all the session days. 
 
 
Abstracts 
 
Abstracts should be submitted before May 31, 
1997, preferably as plain text on a DOS- 
formatted diskette. The abstract book will be 
included with the conference materials. 
Persons interested in obtaining the abstracts in 
advance can order the DOS-formatted diskette 
with abstracts for US$ 25 (after July 1, 1997). 
 
 
Contributions 
 
The conference will result in a refereed 
proceedings book (not included with the 
conference materials). Authors should submit 
their contributions to the conference 
proceedings book by September 12, 1997, i.e., 
by the beginning of the sessions. Authors are 
asked to provide the text on a DOS-diskette, 
together with a paper proof. 
 
 
Student support 
 
3% of the conference budget will be used to 
support a limited number of student 
participants at lower fee. Students 
(undergraduate & graduate) must supply a 
certificate of their student status together with 
the pre-registration form. Pre-register soon to 
take the advantage of student support. Banquet 
is not included in student fee, however, other 
aspects do not differ from ordinary participants' 
ones. 
 
 
Pre-registration 
 
Please, use the pre-registration form included 
here, or  the electronic pre-registration feature 
at 
 
http://www.gli.cas.cz/conf/recovery/preform.htm 
 
to let us know about your interest and your 
preferences. You will be included with our 
mailing list. Your pre-registration will help us to 
estimate the real needs of the conference, as 
well as keep you informed. 
 
 
Second announcement 
 
The responders to the first announcement will 
obtain the second announcement (registration 
form, hotel reservation form & call for papers) 
during February, 1997. 
 
 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
PRE-REGISTRATION FORM 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 
 
Please complete and return to: 
 
Petra Hovorkova 
Recoveries '97 
Eurocongress Centre 
Budejovicka 15 
CZ 140 00 Praha 4 
fax +42-2-61211247 
 
Forename:                Initial(s): 
Surname: 
Title:                   Sex [M/F]: 
Affiliation: 
Address[street]:                                     City: 
Post/Zip code:           Country: 
State/Province: 
Phone:                   Fax:                        E- 
mail: 
Please tick: 
 
I shall attend 
   possibly 
   probably 
   almost certainly, 
 
and I intend to be accompanied by 
   one 
   two 
   three 
   more accompanying persons [x $150] 
 
 
I want to apply for a student fee [$175] and I 
am enclosing a copy of my student status 
certificate (required)   yes  -  no 
 
I intend to give a lecture   yes  -  no 
 
I want to present a poster   yes  -  no 
 
I intend to submit an abstract entitled: 
 
 
 
I intend to join the one-day pre-session field trip 
[$50]   yes  -  no 
 
I intend to join the two-days post-session field 
trip [$100]   yes  -  no 
 
I would like to have dinners at the Conference 
Restaurant [booking only]   yes  -  no 
 
I would like this type of accommodation (see 
above): 
A   B   C   D   E   F   G   H   I 
 
Other requirements (please specify): 
 
 
 
 
I agree with putting my name onto a publicly 
accessible electronic list of participants on the 
Web   yes  -  no 
 
 
Please forward this message to your 
colleagues or other persons of interest! 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 21 09:41:53 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 08:33:02 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
X-Sender: hendee@wave 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring List <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: fwd: Greenwire 11/18 story on coral reefs (fwd) 
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------------- 
Original Text 
From: Howard S. Marks@LA@NOAA, on 11/19/96 4:48 PM: 
To: Arthur E. Paterson@IntlAff@NOAA 
Cc: David S. Jansen@LA@NOAA 
 
*23  PHILIPPINES:  CORAL REEFS RAVAGED BY IMPOVERISHED FISHERS 
     "Local poverty and local politics" are working together to cause the 
destruction of coral reefs in the Philippines, as poor fishers are forced 
to rely on environmentally damaging fishing methods for survival, reports 
US NEWS & WORLD REPORT.  
 
     Impoverished fishers in the Philippines often catch fish in coral 
reef areas by detonating dynamite, spraying cyanide and pounding reefs 
with rocks and crowbars to scare fish out (GREENWIRE, 10/31/95).  The 
methods are "horrifically effective,"yielding huge amounts of fish, but 
ruining reefs.  
 
     Although the Philippine government "long ago" outlawed blast and 
cyanide fishing, the practices continue because of a lack of enforcement 
and a fear of retribution from illegal fishers. Also, because of extreme 
poverty and population pressures, "the choice for many [fishers] each day 
is not between illegal and legal fishing methods but between eating and 
going hungry."  
 
                   USAID PROGRAM AIMS TO HELP 
     The US Agency for Int'l Development has begun a $21 million Coastal 
Resources Management Project to help combat the problem. It aims to put 
10, 000 miles of Philippine coastline under sustainable management, and 
eventually "create a local political coalition with a common interest in 
preserving the coastal environment and strong enough to defeat those who 
make money destroying it" (Steven Butler, US NEWS & WORLD REPORT, 11/25 
 issue). 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 21 09:42:28 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 08:36:01 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Septic Graywater & Reef Health (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961121083408.17624A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 08:06:42 +0800 
From: DON BAKER <suniwan@po.jaring.my> 
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Septic Graywater & Reef Health 
 
Dear CoralList Members, 
 
With the increase of tourist resort development throughout the tropical 
world - even though these resorts may stress being "eco-friendly" - there 
is a problem with a simple fact of human existence near a reef; flushing 
toilets. 
 
Certainly a few people may be acceptable but add a resort with 80 rooms 
situated on a reef platform without a suitable "graywater" distribution 
and collection system - and having 80% annual occupancy....... 
 
In ref. [Walker and Ormond 1982]; eutrophication because of wastewater 
affection....can anyone else on this list present their brief comments on 
this subject?  Perhaps give some examples of how a resort has "wasted" a 
nearby reef with this graywater or outright direct discharge?  Any "best 
fit" systems?  Companies that specialize in this type of waste system 
application? 
 
Please EMail me direct rather than on this ListServe as long comments may 
not be of interest to other members. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Don Baker 
suniwan@po.jaring.my 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 21 12:58:40 1996 
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Comments: Authenticated sender is <nnjs2@popin.ncl.ac.uk> 
From: "Nathalie Stevenson" <N.J.Stevenson%burnmoor@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Date:          Thu, 21 Nov 1996 16:12:42 +0000 
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Subject:       Eritrean Reefs 
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                                        re ERITREAN REEFS 
 
Dear Coral list members, 
 
I am writing to you all to ask whether anyone has experience of the  
coral reefs in Eritrea, or in Yemen, or can put me in touch with  
anyone who has worked on the reefs of the southern Red Sea. 
 
Background: 
 
Myself and 3 colleagues are planning an expedition to Eritrea in  
Sept-Oct 1997 to survey the reefs around Massawa.  
 
We already have the support of the Ministry of Natural Resources and 
they are providing 2 collaborators, and also the backing of the 
staff of the Centre for Tropical Coastal Management, here in 
Newcastle, who are acting as advisers. There is a Eritrean student 
here on the MSc course (also from the Ministry Natural Resources), 
who is helping with background info, contacts and so on. We also 
have the backing of Chris Hillman from the ODA in Eritrea and some 
help from staff at the University of Asmara (mainly Dr. Henrich  
Bruggemann) So you can see we are serious in this endeavour. 
 
Only 2 of us have previous overseas coral experience and as the 
Scientific leader (by dubious virtue of my MSc standing!!), it is my 
job to sort out methodology and so on. We have been asked to examine 
the effects of anthropogenic inputs on the corals around Massawa, 
and to our knowledge, there has been no previous survey work conducted 
in this area, except for an expedition from Oxford University. The  
Ministry have not conducted any coral surveys themselves. 
 
We will be there for 2 months and have set aside a week of 
orientation and species familiarisation and a week at the end for 
the preliminary write up so that only gives us 6 weeks for survey 
work. The expedition leader Tim Daw went out to Massawa earlier 
this year and is familiar with the industry etc in the area and it 
appears that there are no point sources of input (other than one 
cement factory). Consequently it may be difficult to identify 
pollution gradients, but we are going to try. Obviously we have 
nothing to compare against other than other sites further north and 
south of Massawa, (and this has dubious validity). 
 
The Eritreans want us to pass on as much useful information and  
technology as possible and i had thought that if we could train some  
of the ministry staff in methodology (they are already trained as  
novice divers but are lacking in confidence to conduct surveys  
themselves) then we would be able to set up permanent monitoring  
sites to provide information that we will not be able to provide in 2  
months, and provide information which could be used for REEFBASE. 
 
So I was hoping to incorporate some baseline survey work further 
north and south of Massawa, in addition to our anthropogenic 
studies, which are likely to be limited to nutrient analysis and 
sediment analysis, as well as the usual diversity, coral cover, 
fish counts and diadema counts (or similar). 
 
HELP NEEDED: 
 
Can anyone advise on identification guides that may be of use which  
we can go though before departure, so that we can spend more time  
concentrating on species level identification on arrival.  
 
We particularly need information on algal reefs. Has anyone attempted  
studies into the effects of anthropogenic inputs on algal reefs  
anywhere? or could anyone suggest simple methods that could be used  
to investigate effects, preferably methods that can be passed on to  
the Ministry of Natural Resources and which require minimal  
equipment or inexpensive equipment. 
 
Although we are going in late 1997 we need to identify the main 
techniques we will employ so that we can then set about obtaining 
the necessary equipment. For instance, the Ministry only has one 
(very old) binocular microscope, and so we cannot rely on much from 
the other end.  
 
Any information, advice, contacts etc. gratefully recieved.  
 
Regards 
 
Nathalie Stevenson 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
Miss Nathalie Stevenson 
 
Centre for Tropical Coastal Management,  
Dept Marine Sciences and Coastal Management, 
The Ridley Building, 
University of Newcastle, 
NE1 7RU 
 
tel: +44 191 222 6659 
fax: +44 191 222 7891 
email n.j.stevenson@newcastle.ac.uk 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 21 16:07:40 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 15:02:47 -0500 (EST) 
From: Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca> 
Subject: Re: Eritrean Reefs 
To: n.j.stevenson@ncl.ac.uk 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, Amanuel Melles <aa608@torfree.net> 
In-Reply-To: <199611211612.QAA26653@cheviot.ncl.ac.uk> 
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Dear Nathalie, 
 
You'll be surprised to learn that I'm an Eritrean marine ecologist  
(ecology and taxonomy of corals and coral reefs) who has done coral reef  
research in the past in Massawa. Mehari Gilagaber, the student from the  
Ministry who's currently in Newcastle was my student. 
 
I'll be replying to your mail in detail sometime soon, after I relieve  
myself of work that has piled up during my absence here. 
 
For now, I just want to drop you few lines to inform you that indeed  
there's info on Massawa reefs which needs to be published (limited  
part has been published). We might meet in Eritrea in 1997 and perhaps  
cooperate in joint projects. 
 
Bye for now. 
 
Amanuel Melles 
Toronto, Canada 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 21 19:16:27 1996 
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Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 18:05:44 +0500 (GMT) 
From: Coleccion de referencia - Invemar <colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
To: Multiple recipients <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Sea anemones-Colombia-Caribbean 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.3.89.9611211452.C7691-0100000@sheppard> 
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We are currently involve in sea anemone taxomony and ecology research in  
the caribbean coast of Colombia. We would like to know whether someone  
has ever worked with colombian material, whether this material has been  
deposited  in any Natural Museum, and if so how to contact the museum. 
 
We are also very much interested in composing a list with the anemona  
species and their ocurrences in the caribbean and the pacific coast of  
central and South America.. 
 
Thanks for any information. 
 
Javier Reyes y Lina M. Barrios 
INVEMAR. Colombia Suramerica. 
colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 22 08:58:26 1996 
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Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 07:48:05 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
cc: Coral Jobs List <coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Executive Director position 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961122074558.18111B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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>From the Ecology List-Server: 
 
================================================== 
 
Date:    Sat, 16 Nov 1996 23:09:05 -0500 
From:    "Monroe J. Singer" <peace@flnet.com> 
Subject: POSITION Executive Director 
 
Executive Director for the Bahamian Field Station, a not-for-profit 
educational and research institution on the remote island of San Salvador, 
Bahamas. PhD in the Natural Sciences, with good communication, mechanical 
and business skills required. As head administrator, responsibilities 
include overall organization and management of the Field Station and the 
physical plant, designing of programs, grantsmanship, coordination of 
research, planning and management of supply and travel logistics, and 
overall supervision of the Bahamian staff. Send request for more detailed 
information by December 15, 1996 to Dr. Donald T. Gerace, 3616 Peace River 
Dr., Punta Gorda, FL 33983, or e-mail to: peace@flnet.com. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 22 09:09:57 1996 
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Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 08:08:55 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Greenwire 11/18 story on coral reefs (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 11:50:23 -0500 
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com> 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: mcall@superaje.com 
Subject: Re: fwd: Greenwire 11/18 story on coral reefs (fwd) 
 
> 
> *23  PHILIPPINES:  CORAL REEFS RAVAGED BY IMPOVERISHED FISHERS 
>      "Local poverty and local politics" are working together to cause the > destruction of coral reefs in the 
Philippines, as poor fishers are 
forced > to rely on environmentally damaging fishing methods for 
survival, reports 
> US NEWS & WORLD REPORT. 
> 
>      Impoverished fishers in the Philippines often catch fish in coral 
> reef areas by detonating dynamite, spraying cyanide and pounding reefs 
> with rocks and crowbars to scare fish out (GREENWIRE, 10/31/95).  The 
> methods are "horrifically effective,"yielding huge amounts of fish, but ruining reefs. Although the Philippine 
government "long ago" 
outlawed blast and cyanide fishing, the practices continue because of a 
lack of enforcement and a fear of retribution from illegal fishers. 
Also, because of extreme overty and population pressures, "the choice 
for many [fishers] each day s not between illegal and legal fishing 
methods but between eating and going hungry." 
 
Ocean Voice International of Ottawa and the Haribon Foundation for 
Conservation of Natural Resources of Manila has been working since 1989 
on community education, training, fisher organizations, etc. on the 
cyanide collection of marine aquarium fishes and increasing 
understanding of what it takes to conserve a reef or restore it.  An 
educational manual, SAVE OUR CORAL REEFS, available in English since 
1993, has just been published in Tagalog.  And we have a video, CORAL 
DIVERS SAY 'NO' TO CYANIDE, to increase awareness of the problems. 
 
The US program will be helpful, especially if it can address the many 
land-based sources of reef stress - agriculture, deforestation, 
pollution, etc. 
 
You can learn a bit more about our program at our home page: 
 
	http://www.ovi.ca 
-- 
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall@superaje.com 
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613) 
264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 22 09:44:27 1996 
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Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 08:12:40 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Philippine reefs (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 10:49:38 +0800 
From: CEMRINO <cemrino@klink.com.ph> 
Subject: Coralist: Philippine reefs 
 
Coralist Subscribers, 
    The recent message entitled "PHILIPPINES:  CORAL REEFS RAVAGED BY 
IMPOVERISHED FISHERS" presents a popular, and somewhat oversimplified 
picture of the problems with Philippine coral reefs.  A similar article 
appeared in the June 3, 1996 Asian edition of TIME, entitled "Reef 
Killers"  (p. 49).  They state that "But in the Philippines, which has 
33,000 sq km of reef, 90% of the coral is dead or deteriorated,..."  The 
popular decision among environmental groups that it is better to err on 
the side of spreading alarm, may deter scientists and dive tourists from 
finding out for themselves the state of the reefs, and thus providing an 
economic reason for their presevation (tourism).  Yes, blast fishing, 
cyanide use for aquarium fishes, cyanide fishing for the live food fish 
trade for Taiwan and Hong Kong, and other destructive fishing practices do 
go on in parts of the Philippines (See the excellent Nature T.V. program, 
"The Coral Triangle").  John McManus has termed the increasingly desperate 
fishermen's use of destructive fishing coupled with rapid human population 
growth as "Malthusian Overfishing"- see his extensive report on Bolinao, 
where blast fishing continues.  At the same time, I work in the middle of 
the Philippines, in the Province of Negros Oriental, where blast fishing 
was sucessfully eliminated 20 years ago, there is no cyanide fishing, 
there are currently about 20 marine preserves including the most 
successful marine reserve (Apo Island) in the Philippines.  Coral cover 
ranges up to 60% on some reefs, and fish populations are recovering toward 
high densities and sizes in the preserves.  In some areas, huge silt loads 
from land runoff may be increasing and present the greatest threat to the 
reefs.  An American company logged the ancient forests of the island I am 
on (Negros), reducing virgin forest from 46% to 6% from 1970 to 1990. 
Greg Hodgson conviced a logging company on Palawan that the economic 
losses to fishing and dive tourism from silt runoff far outweighed the 
profits from cutting an area of timber- he wrote an excellent report. 
 
     In most aspects of Philippine life there is no enforcement of the 
generally excellent and extensive set of laws, because taxes are collected 
only from wage earners- only about 5% of the total taxes due are collected 
(the wealthy largely escaping, typical of many poor countries), so there 
is no tax money for enforcement or all of the infrastructure needed for 
development.  The money is here, but it stays in the hands of the wealthy 
and powerful.  There are a wide variety of excellent aid projects here, 
including the Haribon Foundation working to eliminate cyanide fishing, a 
wide variety of German aid workers in my area funded by the European 
Union, Coral Cay Conservation, the Peace Corps, and many others.  A strong 
and traditional Catholic organization here discourages family planning, 
but President Ramos, who is Protestant, has a family planning program, as 
does the Province I am in.  The average number of children is down to 4 
per family- less in urban areas, more to many more among fisherfolk.  The 
race between food supply and human population is a very close race we are 
perilously close to loosing in the rural areas- the Philippines currently 
imports rice from Vietnam and India, among others.  There was a rice 
shortage last fall, and many children could not go to school because they 
didn't have enough to eat.  The press blamed "hoarders" and there seems to 
be no concern among the population that they are close to disaster.  The 
men in rural areas often spend extra earnings on gambling on cockfights or 
on liquor, the wealthy love to drive new cars costing about US$60,000- as 
they dodge potholes, diseased dogs, and children in rags.  Many common 
practices here do not speed development, though there are some very 
hopeful developments.  The general impression that all the reefs have been 
destroyed, though, is not true. 
 
     On a general level, the U.S. spends much less per capita on foreign 
development aid than many countries (even though the public thinks it is a 
large part of the budget, it is not), and frequently ties it to military 
sales or the purchase of goods for development from US suppliers.  The 
biggest chunk of US aid goes to Israel and Egypt.  Removing trade barriers 
to goods produced in developing countries would provide twice as much 
support as aid, and it would support usefull work instead of asking for 
handouts. 
 
    -personal opinions of Doug Fenner 
Centre for the Establishment of Marine Reserves in Negros Oriental 
(CEMRINO) 
109 San Jose Extension 
Dumaguete City 6200 
Negros Oriental 
Philippines 
Tel:  (+6 35) 225 3961 
Fax:  (+6 35) 225 5563 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 22 13:18:30 1996 
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Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 12:14:24 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Philippine reefs (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961122121408.20717B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 12:15:06 -0500 
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: mcall@superaje.com 
Subject: Re: Philippine reefs (fwd) 
 
Doug Fenner responded: 
> 
> ---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
> Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 10:49:38 +0800 
> From: CEMRINO <cemrino@klink.com.ph> 
> Subject: Coralist: Philippine reefs 
> 
> Coralist Subscribers, 
>     The recent message entitled "PHILIPPINES:  CORAL REEFS RAVAGED BY 
> IMPOVERISHED FISHERS" presents a popular, and somewhat oversimplified 
> picture of the problems with Philippine coral reefs.  A similar article 
> appeared in the June 3, 1996 Asian edition of TIME, entitled "Reef 
> Killers"  (p. 49).  They state that "But in the Philippines, which has 
> 33,000 sq km of reef, 90% of the coral is dead or deteriorated,..." 
 
I think Doug has given a more holistic picture of the situation in the 
Philippines. There is no doubt that coastal fishers contribute to the 
unhappy condition of the reefs, but for the most part in the struggle to 
live and through having few other options on so low an income to change. 
But land-based marine sources of pollution, sedimentation, 
eutrophication, and pollution from agriculture, deforestation, 
industries and municipalities are primary and often chronic sources of 
degradation. 
 
Involvement, education and empowerment of citizens, giving them a bigger 
voice in governance is one approach.  Another is education of 
industries, eco-labelling and giving citizens a choice in the 
market-place, and providing a more pluralistic society where coops, 
NGOs, churches and peoples organizations to offer a counterpoise to 
strictly short-term profit oriented products. 
 
But governance by the rich as opposed to democracy is not just a problem 
in the Philippines.  Here in Canada the tobacco industry lobby has just 
managed to kill legislation that would have provided stronger regulation 
of marketting tobacco, over the wishes of most citizens - corporatocracy 
won over democracy. 
 
don 
 
 
don 
 
Don McAllister, 
Ocean Voice International 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 22 19:57:53 1996 
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	id QAA08492; Fri, 22 Nov 1996 16:04:28 -0800 (PST) 
Message-ID: <3296407D.33@ucdavis.edu> 
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 16:08:29 -0800 
From: Anthony Horsley <avhorsley@ucdavis.edu> 
Reply-To: avhorsley@ucdavis.edu 
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My name is Anthony Horsley and I am a student at the University of 
California at Davis.  I am preparing a project proposal in one of my 
enivonmental statistics classes and I was wondering if you could help 
me find data for my project. I am looking for data that can support the 
idea that environmental restictions increases biodiversity in coral reef 
ecosystems.  Any relevant data would do.  I would greatly appreciate any 
help! 
Thank You 
Sincerely 
Anthony Horsley 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Wed Nov 24 05:37:34 1996 
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From: "Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi" <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, TAXACOM@cmsa.berkeley.edu, 
        AQUA-L@listserv.ifmt.nf.ca, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Date: Sun, 24 Nov 1996 17:18:23 +0000 
X-Total-Enclosures: 1 
X-Enclosure-Info: DOS,"emailann.txt",,,,Text 
Subject: 16th International Seaweed Symposium 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.42a) 
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Dear All, 
 
This might be of interest to the group.  Thanks for the space. 
 
Jason Young 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN  
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
 
-------------- Enclosure number 1 ---------------- 
Preliminary Announcement 
 
 
 
	The 16th INTERNATIONAL SEAWEED SYMPOSIUM will be held in Cebu 
City, Philippines, on April 12 - 17, 1998.  The 16th ISS is 
hosted by the University of the Philippines, University of San 
Carlos, and the Seaweed Industry Association of the Philippines. 
Full paper and poster presentations are invited on all aspects 
of seaweed research and utilization, including, but not limited 
to: applications, molecular biology, chemical ecology, community 
ecology, taxonomy, chemistry, physiology, resource management, 
biogeography, pollution, diseases, microalgae, aquaculture.  
Those wishing to organize special sessions or topics, please 
contact immediately the organizers. 
 
	Cebu is the Philippines' oldest city, and is located in the 
middle of the archipelago.  International direct flights from 
major cities in the world are served: Tokyo, Kuala Lumpur, 
Sydney, Singapore, and Hong Kong.  There are daily air links 
with many Philippine cities and several daily flights from 
Manila (1 hour).  Ship travel by overnight ferries or by 
fast-speed catamarans (2 - 4 hours) to several cities are 
available.  Cebu is a major tourist destination for scuba diving 
and island travel.  A range of accommodations are available.  
Eucheuma culture farms are within reach by boat in less than a 
day.  The 3rd International Seagrass Biology Workshop will 
follow right after the 16th ISS, in 19 - 24 April 1998, in 
Palawan. 
 
 
 
	For further information, please contact: 
 
		Dr. Gavino Trono, Jr. 
 
		Marine Science Institute 
 
		University of the Philippines 
 
		1101 Diliman, Q.C., Philippines 
 
		fax. (+63-2) 921-5967; 922-3958	email: trono@msi.upd.edu.ph 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 25 09:09:54 1996 
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Date: Mon, 25 Nov 1996 07:35:04 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Reply-To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: IYOR/ICRI Palawan Philippines Resurvey (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961125073029.936B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Forwarded message.  If you wish to respond, please do so to Gregor, or to 
the list.  Thanks... 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sun, 24 Nov 1996 20:30:42 +0800 (HKT) 
From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: IYOR/ICRI Palawan Philippines Resurvey 
 
I have just returned from a resurvey of coral reefs in Bacuit Bay, El 
Nido, Palawan. I originally surveyed these reefs in 1985/86 as summarized 
in Global Aspects of Coral Reefs (Ginsburg, 1993). Below I give a very 
brief summary of the qualitative results which are pertinent to the recent 
posts on Philippine reefs. 
 
Bacuit Bay is an official Marine Reserve. The resident human population 
(22,000) is still relatively low compared to other areas of the 
Philippines. Following our study of the value of logging versus tourism 
and fisheries (Hodgson and Dixon, 1989), Palawan banned commercial 
logging. In addition, the Dept. of Natural Resources has taken a hard line 
on slash and burn agriculture. Enforcement of both regulations has clearly 
worked. 
 
Logged, and old slash and burn areas have new vegetative cover. The coral 
reefs previously damaged by sedimentation in 1996 appear to have recovered 
nicely. 
 
To balance this encouraging news, the marketable marine resource 
populations have been decimated by small-scale artisanal overfishing. 
Previously common organisms such as Tridacna are now rare, and of small 
sizes only, while lobster, Trochus, green snails and edible holothurians 
are gone. Where previously there were large specimens of grouper, 
sweetlips, parrotfish, bumphead wrasse etc, there are now a small number 
of small-sized animals -- even at the most remote dive spots. 
 
I interviewed a number of new immigrant fishermen from neighboring 
provinces. They had left their home provinces due to a lack of fish 
stocks. They were already experiencing serious difficulties catching 
sufficient fish in Palawan, and were fully expecting the situation to 
deteriorate quickly. Dynamite fishing occurs (two fishermen were blown up 
while I was there) but was not yet common. Cyanide fishing was reportedly 
not common. 
 
There are two explanations for the rapid loss of fisheries stocks: 
 
1) Exponential population growth of local residents from 11,600 in 1980 to 
22,000 in 1995 creating a large increase in local demand for fish. 
 
2) The establishment of an exporter in the town who can operate due to the 
availability of ice, and increased wealth of people in Manila who can now 
afford to pay for fish shipped on ice from the province. 15-20 
tonnes/month of iced fish alone, not counting dried. 
 
There are a number of NGOs and Government departments working in El Nido, 
however, they do not appear to be working together. There is no attempt 
being made to control fishing other than trawling. This strategy needs to 
be re-examined. 
 
Conclusions: 
 
This location is relatively isolated -- there is no road access most of 
the year. Fish stocks were previously plentiful. If a Marine Reserve 
cannot successfully be managed in El Nido where the human population 
density is relatively low, what are the chances for success in other 
places? The excellent condition of the corals themselves shows that 
controlling land use can successfully prevent damage to marine resources. 
But the result is, borrowing Bob Ginsburg's analogy, a city under the sea 
without people. 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Research Centre 
HK University of Science and Technology 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 25 09:11:10 1996 
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Date: Mon, 25 Nov 1996 07:30:21 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: RE: Septic Graywater & Reef Health (fwd) 
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Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 96 18:13:57 UT 
From: Pascal Collotte <pascalpc@msn.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: RE: Septic Graywater & Reef Health (fwd) 
 
In response to Don Baker's concern about rejects from human activity on a 
resort close to the reef, I am not a specialist in that area but I can 
only give you some direction and example of my own experience.  In the 
late 80's (88-89) a floating resort had been anchored on the reef barrier 
some 70 miles from Townsville, Queensland - Australia. The experiment went 
well as far as the reef was concerned. It was a commercial failure due to 
several reasons, amongst which the cost of 2 cyclone damages 2 years on 
the raw.  I believe that the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 
(Townsville) was monitoring very closely that experiment from the reef 
environment stand point. I would encourage you to contact them at GBRMPA, 
PO Box755, Tonwsville - QLD, Australia (I hope the address is still 
valid). 
 
Pascal Collotte 
pascalpc@msn.com 
 
---------- 
From: 	owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov on behalf of Coral Health and 
Monitoring Program 
Sent: 	Thursday, November 21, 1996 5:36 AM 
To: 	coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: 	Septic Graywater & Reef Health (fwd) 
 
 
Forwarded message: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 21 Nov 1996 08:06:42 +0800 
From: DON BAKER <suniwan@po.jaring.my> 
To: coral@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Septic Graywater & Reef Health 
 
Dear CoralList Members, 
 
With the increase of tourist resort development throughout the tropical 
world - even though these resorts may stress being "eco-friendly" - there 
is a problem with a simple fact of human existence near a reef; flushing 
toilets. 
 
Certainly a few people may be acceptable but add a resort with 80 rooms 
situated on a reef platform without a suitable "graywater" distribution 
and collection system - and having 80% annual occupancy....... 
 
In ref. [Walker and Ormond 1982]; eutrophication because of wastewater 
affection....can anyone else on this list present their brief comments on 
this subject?  Perhaps give some examples of how a resort has "wasted" a 
nearby reef with this graywater or outright direct discharge?  Any "best 
fit" systems?  Companies that specialize in this type of waste system 
application? 
 
Please EMail me direct rather than on this ListServe as long comments may 
not be of interest to other members. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Don Baker 
suniwan@po.jaring.my 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Nov 25 09:25:15 1996 
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Date: Mon, 25 Nov 1996 08:11:14 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: President Clinton's remarks 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961125080751.1019A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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The complete text of U.S. President Bill Clinton's remarks concerning the 
International Coral Reef Initiative and other topics, delivered on 
November 22, 1996 at Port Douglas Park, Australia, may be found at the 
following URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/bulls/clinton.html 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 26 10:31:02 1996 
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Date: Tue, 26 Nov 1996 09:31:28 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Greenwire 11/18 story on coral reefs (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 22 Nov 1996 22:17:21 +0000 
From: Marine Biology Section, USC, Cebu, Philippi <mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph> 
Subject: Re: fwd: Greenwire 11/18 story on coral reefs (fwd) 
 
Last Nov. 22 I saw the mail you forwarded and is as follows; 
 
                   USAID PROGRAM AIMS TO HELP 
     The US Agency for Int'l Development has begun a $21 million Coastal 
Resources Management Project to help combat the problem. It aims to put 
10, 000 miles of Philippine coastline under sustainable management, and 
eventually "create a local political coalition with a common interest in 
preserving the coastal environment and strong enough to defeat those who 
make money destroying it" (Steven Butler, US NEWS & WORLD REPORT, 11/25 
 issue). 
 
.... 
 
I live here in Cebu Philippines and although there is this USAID 
funding worth millons of dollars, I do not see any difference it has 
created regarding the ecological state of my country. 
 
Personally, I think that this would just be a waste of money on the 
USA part If you want to know more details, just reply 
 
Francis Freire 
Research Assistant 
____sender's name_____ 
Marine Biology Section 
University of San Carlos          fax (+63-32) 3460351 
Cebu City 6000, Philippines       email: mbs@mangga.usc.edu.ph 
 
****** When replying, PLEASE INCLUDE ADDRESSEE'S NAME IN 
SUBJECT HEADER *** thanks. ******** 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Nov 26 19:20:14 1996 
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Date: Tue, 26 Nov 1996 18:02:12 +0000 (GMT) 
From: "A.M.Moore" <A.M.Moore@biosci.hull.ac.uk> 
Reply-To: A.M.Moore@biosci.hull.ac.uk 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: data request (fwd) 
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I am new to the list, and I would very much appreciate it if anyone can  
help me. 
I am looking for satellite images of the Tukanbesi Islands, which are SE  
of SE Sulawesi, Indonesia. 
This is to use as input to a GIS system, to work out info for a research 
project and management plan for the area. 
The whole project is being run on a very tight budget, and so I cannot  
afford any expensive sources of material. 
I am an MSc student in Global Biodiversity, Monitoring and Conservation  
at Hull University, UK. 
If you can help, you can contact me direct: 
Abigail Moore 
A.M.Moore@biosci.hull.ac.uk 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 05:17:06 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 1996 11:56:12 +0300 
From: YUSEF FADLALLAH <yfadlal@dpc.kfupm.edu.sa> 
Message-Id: <199611270856.LAA59516@dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa> 
To: coral-list%reef.aoml.noaa.gov%SAKACS00.BITNET@vtbit.cc.vt.edu 
Subject: Coral Bleaching - Saudi Arabia/Gulf 
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Extensive geographic and multi-species coral bleaching was 
observed in the summer and early fall of 1996 in nearshore 
coral communities along the Saudi Gulf coast. Less extensive 
bleaching was also observed in the offshore island of Jana, 
and some offshore coral communities north of Bahrain. 
 
Seawater temperatures exceeded 37 degrees C in nearshore habitats, 
and reached 35 C or higher at offshore locations.  A report by Roger 
Uwate (23 Sep 1996; Coral bleaching in Bahrain, Arabian Gulf) 
describes similar phenomena. 
 
Extreme temperature excursions are normal for summer months 
 in the Gulf (Coles, 1988  Proc. 6th ICRS 3:211-216; Coles and 
Fadlallah, 1991 Coral Reefs, 9:231-237), but corals appear to 
succumb when the temperature extremes hold for long  periods. 
In the summer of 1996, nearshore (central coast) seawater 
temperature held between 33.5 - 37 C for no less than 90 days. 
 
I'd like to make contact with Roger Uwate (if he reads this), and 
anyone in the Gulf who might have documented similar events. I have 
a second hand anecdotal report of bleaching from the United Arab 
Emirates, and would like to corroborate that.  Any inforamation 
from Kuwait and Qatar is welcome. 
 
Please post only appropriate responses to the list.  Otherwise contact 
me directly.  I would be happy to provide additional information on 
bleaching and mortality rates for various species. 
 
Yusef Fadlallah		Voice: 966-3-860-3237 
Research Institute - KFUPM	Fax:    966-3-860-3220 
Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia	Internet: yfadlal@dpc.kfupm.edu.sa 
Saudi Arabia 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 05:17:33 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 1996 12:24:36 +0300 
From: YUSEF FADLALLAH <yfadlal@dpc.kfupm.edu.sa> 
Message-Id: <199611270924.MAA32365@dpc107.dpc.kfupm.edu.sa> 
To: coral-list%reef.aoml.noaa.gov%SAKACS00.BITNET@vtbit.cc.vt.edu 
Subject: Black band disease - Acropora / Gulf-Saudi Arabia 
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An outbreak of BBD was documented during August-September 
1996 in a patch reef (27 39'49"N/49 42'10"E) which is primarily 
comprised of Acropora clathrata thickets. The outbreak coincided 
with prolonged exposure to high seawater temperature. 
 
Coral motality due to BBD proceeded with the even-paced  progress 
of the bands, from the bases to the tips of branches. 
 
Mortalitity that was apparently in direct response to thermal stress 
was less orderly. Coral tissue sloughed off in a haphazard manner 
from all areas of a colony. 
 
To my knowledge this is the first report of BBD from the 
Arabian/Persian Gulf, and the only other reported case for 
Acropora outside the GBR. 
 
Yusef Fadlallah			Voice: 966-3-860-3237 
Research Institute - KFUPM	Fax:    966-3-860-3220 
Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia	Internet: yfadlal@dpc.kfupm.edu.sa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 12:22:55 1996 
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From: Coleccion de referencia - Invemar <colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co> 
To: multiple recipients <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Slides hardware 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961125072927.936A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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I would like to know whether any of you can suggest the proper equipment  
to get slides from computer images and the other way would to get  
computer images from slides. 
 
Thanks for any information, 
 
Gabriel R. Navas S. 
colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 17:11:15 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 1996 15:08:21 -0600 
To: colref@santamarta.cetcol.net.co, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Tony Rath" <trath@btl.net> 
Subject: Re: Slides hardware 
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>I would like to know whether any of you can suggest the proper equipment 
>to get slides from computer images and the other way would to get 
>computer images from slides. 
> 
 
Gabriel, 
 
Getting slides from computer images can take a high tech expensive route or 
a low tech route.  I'll tell you the low tech route: 
 
Use a 35mm camera to shoot the computer screen.  The trick is to make your 
exposure at least a 15th of a sec or longer so that the picture will not 
pick up the computer screen in mid draw.  If you shoot faster than a 15th, 
you will get a break in the image.  You might also want to shoot with an 
f-stop of 5.6 or greater so that your image is sharp.  Because of the long 
exposure times, you should have a steady tripod, and if you are on a wood 
floor, don't let others walk nearby while taking the image, the vibrations 
will cause the image to be soft. 
 
Getting computer images from slides is a bit easier.  If you have a flatbed 
scanner, you have to have a transparency adaptor to scan in the image. You 
are usually restricted to the lower resolutions this way.  there are 
scanners built specifically for scanning 35mm film which do a good job 
also.  This route will cost you about $2000US. 
 
The alternative is to have the images scanned onto a CD-ROM by a company 
that has a drum scanner and specializes in this service.  I'd recommend 
this route as it is cheap, produces high resolution scans, and the images 
are very easy to work with.  The images are also archived if you take care 
of the CD.  Of course it is problematic if you don't have a CD-ROM reader, 
but they are quite cheap these days.  I can supply you or others on the 
list with some addresses of photo labs that scan to CD-ROM if you like. 
 
Good Luck. 
 
 
Tony Rath 
Creative Director 
-------------------------------------------------------------- 
Visit Belize by Naturalight at:  http://www.belizenet.com/   for your 
complete source of information about coral reefs, rainforest, Mayan ruins, 
ecotourism, weather, weekly newspaper, and so much  more.  Not just another 
website... but a work of art. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 19:32:11 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Nov 1996 12:11:20 +0000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann) 
Subject: conferences 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Where can I find out about 'coral' reef-related conferences and obtain 
information on registration fees etc. for 1997? 
 
Thannks, Oliver 
 
=9C7=00#=00=00=00=00=00=00=04=00=00=19=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=00=01=00=00=00= 
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=00=00=00=00=06=92=00 
=00=00=07=02=00=1A=00=00=07(=00*=00=00=07R=00=00=00=00=06$=00=00=00=01=00=01= 
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=00=00=07(=00=00=00=00=07(=00=00=00=00=07(=00=00=00=00Oliver Gussmann 
University of Otago 
Department of Marine Science 
PO Box 56 
Dunedin, New Zealand 
=46ax:    (64)-3-479 8336 
Tel.:   (64)-3 479 8306 
email:  oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz 
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From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Nov 27 22:51:40 1996 
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Date: Wed, 27 Nov 1996 22:11:26 -0500 (EST) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
Subject: Happy Thanksgiving, CORALers 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status: A 
 
Dear U.S. Coral Researchers, 
 
Just want to wish you a happy and safe Thanksgiving tomorrow.  Because this 
is a time for Giving Thanks, I want to thank ALL coral researchers for the 
dedication you put into studying and monitoring the world's reefs. 
 
I have some friends of the reptile persuasion whose well-being depend on 
clean ocean and healthy reef systems.  Fact is, they even sleep among your 
corals.  What you do is very important and I just want to acknowledge that 
this evening. 
 
Also I want to take this time to thank NOAA for providing this excellent 
forum that facilitates communication among researchers and scientists and 
also to thank those of you who have helped me (a layperson) with questions I 
have had this past year. 
 
Lastly, I want to thank Jim Hendee for sysop'ing this coral-list and keeping 
things running smoothly.  His efforts are very much appreciated by this 
turtle person. 
 
All the best 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                       ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                      0 0                 Email: howzit@io.org 
             /V^\     I I    /^V\          
           /V     Turtle Trax    V\       http://www.turtles.org  
          
            PLEASE SUPPORT Green Turtle Fibropapilloma RESEARCH 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Nov 28 20:24:36 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Nov 1996 18:12:25 -0600 (CST) 
From: Rosa Elisa Rodriguez <rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: rosaer@mar 
To: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: Marinelife <marinelife@onenw.org>, coastnet <coastnet@uriacc.uri.edu> 
Subject: Coral Reef Educational Videos 
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.3.91.961128173131.25245C-100000@mar> 
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A few days ago I asked for information about coral reef videos that can  
be used in an educational program.  This is a summary of the information  
I received: 
 
1) Corals Forever (Corales para Siempre).  General video on corals and  
coral reef and current threats to coral reef ecosystems .  (15 min,  
English and Spanish Versions).  
		PEMEX 
		Video Servicios Profesionales S.A. de C.V. 
		Medellin # 321 
		Col. Roma, Mexico 
		Tel (5) 564-6869 
		Fax (5) 574-5685 
 
2) UNESCO Coral Reef Taxonomy.  Contact Dr. Troost at UNESCOS Marine  
Division in Paris. 
 
3) 2 videos, one for gradeshcool market and one for hisghschool.   
Available through Earth Foundation. 
		EarthFound@aol.com 
 
4)  "Their Health, Our Wealth" (24 min) produced by Bob Richmond,  
University of Guam (didn't give any address). 
 
5) "The Great Barrier Reef"  available from: 
 
		Films for the humanities and Sciences. 
		P.O. Box 2053 Princeton NJ 08543-2053 
 
6) "Fragile Ring of Life" (54 min.) 
 
		Meyer Odze 
		United States Information Agency 
		Producer 
		Worldnet Television and Film Service 
		Washington DC 20547-0001 
 
 
	En Espan~ol: 
		Ofna. de Informacion Publica de la Embajada de	 
		Estados Unidos en Mexico. 
 
7) "Coral Grief".  A Canadian Company TV Ontario.  Coral Issues in the  
Caribbean Islands and Belize (English).  (No address available). 
 
8) Coral Sea Imagery has a 12 min. video on Indopacific reefs.  Information: 
 
		Steve Gardner 
		Digital Underwater Production & Speciality Marine Publications 
		Science media Consultancy 
		P.O. Box 2186 Townsville 4810 
		Australia 
		coralsea@ozemail.com.au 
 
		http://www.ozemail.com.au/~coralsea 
 
9) "Coral Reefs, Rain Forest of the Sea"  showed in Discovery Channel.   
(No data available). 
 
10)  International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Educational Video.  (No  
data available). 
 
11) "Encounter with the Reef"  Information with Great Barrier Reef Marine  
Park Authority. 
 
 
Also There is a CD-Rom named "Coral Kingdom" with a 180 pate teacher  
guide, from: 
 
		Digital Studios 
		209 Santa Clara Ave 
		Aptos CA 95003 
 
and Ocean Voice Internationa has a Coral Reef Educational Manual "Save  
our Coral Reefs" 126 pp + 100 illustrations. $20.00 plus $5 air mail.   
Information mcall@superaje.com 
 
 
If someone has any additional information I will appreciate it.  
 
Gracias, 
 
Biol. Rosa Rodriguez 
Ap. Postal 1174 
77500 Cancun, Q. Roo 
Mexico 
 
Tel (987) 102-19 
Fax (987) 101-38 
 
e-mail: rosaer@mar.icmyl.unam.mx 
 
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Date: Thu, 28 Nov 1996 07:41:05 -0800 (PST) 
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To: oliver.gussmann@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Oliver Gussmann), 
        coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: GreenLife Society <pcis@igc.apc.org> 
Subject: Re: conferences 
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Oliver, et al. 
 
The International Year of the Reef people seem to have a lot of that 
information.  I would suggest you contact Stephen Colwell at the Coral Reef 
Alliance: coralreefa@aol.com 
 
 
 
At 12:11 PM 11/28/96 +0000, Oliver Gussmann wrote: 
>Where can I find out about 'coral' reef-related conferences and obtain 
>information on registration fees etc. for 1997? 
> 
>Thannks, Oliver 
> 
>=9C7 
 
 
 
William C. Burns 					=09 
Director, GreenLife Society - North American Chapter=20 
700 Cragmont Ave. 
Berkeley, CA 94708 USA  =09 
Phone/Fax: (510) 558-0620=09 
E-mail: pcis@igc.apc.org			=09 
WWW site: http://EELINK.umich.edu/greenlife/index.html						
		=09 
 
GLSNA Affiliations: 
 
The EarthAction Network 
The Galapagos Coalition 
Reseau International d'ONG sur la Desertification (RIOD) 
Accredited NGO Observer, International Whaling Commission 
European Social Science Fisheries Network 
 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D= 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D- 
The great use of life is to spend it for something 
that will outlast it. 
                                   -- William James 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D= 
-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D-=3D- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 02:59:20 1996 
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Message-ID: <329E8E5C.4025@usthk.ust.hk> 
Date: 	Fri, 29 Nov 1996 15:18:52 +0800 
From: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk> 
Organization: Institute for Environmental Studies 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: US$10,000 Grouper Meal 
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Here is a news report that sheds some light on the economics of cyanide and  
other forms of fishing around coral reefs. 
**************************************** 
28 November, 1996 
South China Morning Post - Hong Kong 
 
A 230 kg grouper was netted by Indonesian fishermen and has been sold to a  
Hong Kong restaurant for US$10,256. "But when it arrived at Newton Court  
Seafood Restaurant, its size created a headache for managers and chefs. Our  
fish tanks are too small for the fish -- its three metres long, said  
restaurant manager Kwan Ping-chiu. We have asked an expert to choose an  
auspicious day for chopping up the grouper. And we'll hold a small ceremony  
before our chef wields his chopper, said Mr Kwan. 
 
The chef said the tail, skin and fins were considered most tasty when stewed  
with shark fin; the bones would provide a soup base and the flesh could be  
stir-fried. Within 24 hours of the grouper's arrival yesterday, the  
restaurant had received more than 20 reservations for the fish feast on  
Sunday. In April, a rare 250 kg grouper also caught by Indonesian fishermen  
was bought by a Sai Kung (HK) seafood stall." 
*********************************************** 
 
Comment: Many of us eat lots of fish. But with this kind of money involved --  
there is a relatively large incentive to catch every single large fish out  
there, and this could put a dent in overall stocks. 
 
Questions: Who can start an international educational campaign regarding the  
comparative reproductive advantage of large fish over small? Jim Bohnsack has  
a nice diagram of this. Can reef scientists band together to suggest that  
national fisheries agencies restrict catch at the top-end of fish sizes for  
some species? Please post comments/responses to the coral-list server. 
 
Gregor Hodgson, PhD 
Institute for Environmental Studies, Research Centre 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, HONG KONG 
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk 
fax: (852) 2358-1582 
tel: (852) 2358-8568 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 04:59:53 1996 
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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 18:05:06 +0800 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Nicolas James Pilcher <nick@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: An expensive meal 
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Dear all. In response to Gregor's message, I offer my amateur insights for 
mastication.  No offence is aimed at anybody. Only realism. 
 
Yes, you could get an awareness campaign going, but you have to put yourself 
in the Asian mindframe. Sitting in the UK (or elsewhere for that matter) one 
doesn't get the reality of the picture, or understand where the need for 
these fish originates. 
 
This is not meant as an insult, please do not take it that way. Just 
consider though, the following: 
 
Note that this does not occur in western countries, only in Asia. Now wonder 
why. Also wonder why it occurs in Hong Kong, one of the most developed Asian 
nations. Then think about whether the demand is based on the ability of the 
everyday consumer, or a select few. The wonder if that select few care. 
Don't be remotely surprised that most of them know exactly how much more 
valuable that fish would be to the fish population rather than the human one 
(many of them descend from generations of fisherman and have only recently 
made it big financially).  Your public awareness campaign may reach the 
everyday consumer, but these are not the origins of the demand for the big 
berthas.  To target the rich, you have to offer them an alternative that 
will still allow them to 'save-face' and still act rich. This is Asia. 
Welcome to a new mindset.  The need to entertain guests and provide them 
with a large live fish is cemented now as an important tradition - modern it 
may be, but it's there and we have to live with it.  These people don't eat 
this at home. Ever!  It is only to show off politely that it is done.  These 
are aspects to consider when tackling this issue. 
 
Hope the above will give you a new perspective.  
Best regards, 
Nick - an amateur 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
Nicolas J. Pilcher 
Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation 
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 
94300 Kota Samarahan 
Sarawak, Malaysia 
Tel ++ 60 82 671 000 Ext. 181 
Fax ++ 60 82 671903 
E-mail nick@tualang.unimas.my 
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 06:02:53 1996 
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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 18:35:35 +0800 
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To: Gregor Hodgson <rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk>, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Dr. Steve Oakley" <soakley@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: Re: US$10,000 Grouper Meal 
Cc: nick@tualang.unimas.my 
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These large groupers must be the most likely marine fish to actually become 
endangered.   
 
1 They are rare  
2 They have a sex change life history so that small fish cannot reproduce 
together 
3  They have restricted ranges Coral reefs with good food & caves amongst others 
 
How frequently do they find a mate? 
Do they have a spawning ground and associated migration or are they a 
solitary rare beast with one or 2 per 100km2?  
  
Does anyone know? 
 
>comparative reproductive advantage of large fish over small? Jim Bohnsack has  
>a nice diagram of this.  
 
Gregor -- email address or reference please 
 
Can reef scientists band together to suggest that  
>national fisheries agencies restrict catch at the top-end of fish sizes for  
>some species?  
 
That's the role of protected areas to allow some to grow to max potential 
size. unfortunately at a probable natural maximum of 2 per km2.  Marine 
reserves are going to have to be huge to sustain a viable population  How do 
we get this across to fishermen, politicians, the general public?  How do we 
police areas of 100km2? 
Dr. Steve Oakley,  Shell Prof. of environmental Science, Institute of 
Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation,  Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 
94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia  soakley@tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 
671903  Tel 082 671000 x 254 or 260  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 07:35:43 1996 
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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 11:46:48 GMT 
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@york.ac.uk> 
Subject: Re: US$10,000 Grouper Meal 
To: soakley@tualang.unimas.my 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-ID: <ECS9611291148A@york.ac.uk> 
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Using Yvonne Sadovy's length fecundity relationship for groupers,  
taking the length of the beast as accurately measured at 3 metres,  
and assuming a 1kg fish is 38cm long, the 230kg grouper would have  
carried the same number of eggs as 523 1kg fishes. Of course, this  
old fish was probably a male and may have been getting too long in  
the tooth to chase those younger and smaller than itself...! 
 
It is a fair point though that the economics of the large, live food fish  
fishery are such that reefs will be strip mined of the biggest fish  
unless the trade is regulated against. Such values make it cost  
effective to fly or ship in live reef fish from even the remotest regions  
of the world and the appetite for them is growing. This was a key  
reason why fish like the Napoleon or humphead wrasse (Cheilinus  
undulatus), and Bumphead parrotfish (Bolbometopon muricatum)  
were placed on the IUCN Red List early this year as being vulnerable  
throughout their (large) ranges. 
 
People like Jim Bohnsack have been talking for some time about  
implementing maximum size limits for take of some reef fishes.  
There may already be some examples. 
 
I would love to see the use of marine reserves, fully protected from  
fishing, become a commonplace feature of fisheries management  
globally. Such reserves provide critical refuges for large and  
long-lived species and may be one of the only effective ways of  
maintaining populations of them. Throughout large areas of the  
Caribbean the biggest groupers have either disappeared or become  
very rare due to overfishing (straightforward artisanal exploitation -  
no big bucks profits here). We also Red Listed a number of them as  
vulnerable. Increasingly I can see that the conservation lobby will  
become much more involved and vocal about fisheries management  
issues. If we don't act soon, global extinctions may follow the many  
local extinctions that have already occurred. 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Callum Roberts 
 
Ref: Sadovy, Y. (1996) Reproduction of reef fishery species. Chapter  
2 in N.V.C. Polunin and C.M. Roberts (eds), Reef Fisheries, Chapman  
and Hall, London. 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
Dr Callum Roberts 
Dept of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management 
University of York 
York, YO1 5DD 
UK 
Tel: +44 (0)1904 434066; Fax: +44 (0)1904 432998; email  
cr10@york.ac.uk 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 10:18:11 1996 
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Date: Thu, 28 Nov 1996 21:11:16 -0600 
To: aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: "Tony Rath" <trath@btl.net> 
Subject: Re: Slides hardware 
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>Hi Tony, 
> 
>I would be interested in knowing about the type of material one requires to 
>have slides on CDROMs. I shall appreciate if you can send me any contact 
>addresses. Thanks. 
> 
>Amanuel Melles 
 
 http://www.kodak.com/digitalImages/piwSites/piwSites.shtml 
 
The above Kodak web page allows you to search all Photo CD sites 
(worldwide) by region and type of service. 
 
You can also get all the information you need about CD's at: 
 
http://www.kodak.com/daiHome/products/photoCD.shtml 
 
Good Luck and let me know if this is what you need. 
 
Tony Rath 
Creative Director 
-------------------------------------------------------------- 
Visit Belize by Naturalight at:  http://www.belizenet.com/   for your 
complete source of information about coral reefs, rainforest, Mayan ruins, 
ecotourism, weather, weekly newspaper, and so much  more.  Not just another 
website... but a work of art. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Nov 29 18:02:28 1996 
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Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 17:38:06 -0500 (EST) 
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
X-Sender: strong@charleston 
To: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Happy Thanksgiving, CORALers 
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.16.19961127231531.21b7d80c@io.org> 
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Yes!! I second all of Ursula's thanks & praises!! 
Happy Thanksgiving! 
AE Strong 
***************************************************************************** 
 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: kido-ywf@caribsurf.com (kido) 
Subject: Greetings from Planet KIDO! 
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The KIDO Team wishes you a Happy and GREEN 1997 ! 
 
We welcome you to visit our Internet  Web site, to exchange links and 
relevant networking information at: 
     
                                        http://members.aol.com/ywf/home/kido 
.html              
 
The KIDO PROJECT Bio-Environmental Research Station in Carriacou, Grenadines 
of Grenada 
and our WHALE and DOLPHIN WATCHING operations are described  with  
an Introduction to YACHTING WITHOUT FRONTIERS, our non-profit organization. 
 
 
We work in conjunction with scientific researchers, NGOs, government 
departments and individuals developing projects, consulting and networking 
on environmental Issues, our focus is on tropical Small Islands and their 
ecological and cultural vulnerability. 
 
In occasion of the Year of the Reef 1997, we have presented a reef 
reconstruction project to the local gov. but the main problem is the lack of 
funds. 
 
To  promote Environmental Awareness and get the message across effectively, 
KIDO has authored and produced a new EXHIBITION of ENVIRONMENTAL CARTOONS, 
some of which you may enjoy in the CARTOON GALLERY section of our  Webpage, 
also available for sale as GREETING CARDS. 
 
 
Our worldwide itinerant Cartoons Exhibition can be part of your 1997 
environmental programmes (enhancing your conferences, seminars, 
international meetings and educational events): the KIDO display offers more 
than 60 poster-size Eco-Toons on all the "hot" subjects, from Waste to 
Endangered Species and Whales, Ocean Life, 'Overdevelopment', habitat 
destruction and Global Awareness . 
 
Environmentally yours 
 
KIDO 
 
For more information contact: 
 
Dr.Marina Fastigi 
Kido Project 
Sanctuary, Carriacou (Grenada)  
West Indies     
Tel/fax 809 443 7936 
email:  kido-ywf@caribsurf.com 
Internet Webpage address     http://members.aol.com/ywf/home/kido.html 
  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  2 08:38:32 1996 
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 02 Dec 1996 07:59:17 -0500 (EST) 
Date: Mon, 02 Dec 1996 07:59:17 -0500 (EST) 
From: shashar@umbc2.umbc.edu 
Subject: Corals and UV book 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Message-id: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.961202074944.90266A-100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 
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Hi there 
 
I just wanted to let you know of a new book coming out that presents a  
collections of papers about UV and coral reefs, from methods, to  
reproduction, to vision, that came out of a workshop with the same name  
held in Hawaii a few years a go. 
 
Enclosed is the table of contents, for your scanning.  
 
The book's cost is $35 and that includes postage within the U.S. 
 
Well, for further info- contact the editors 
	Dave Alan Gulko <gulko@hawaii.edu> 
	Paul L Jokiel <jokiel@uhunix.uhcc.Hawaii.Edu> 
At the Hawaii Inst. of Marine Biology 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
	Ultraviolet Radiation and Coral Reefs 
		D. Gulko & P. L. Jokiel (eds) 
 
Table of Contents: 
 
Introduction: 
	An Introduction to the Study  
		of UV on Coral Reefs			P. L. Jokiel 
	Ultraviolet Light and the Origin  
		of Life					D. Mauzerall 
	Oh No, Not Another Workshop:  
		A Summary of Previous UV Workshops	M. P. Lesser 
	General Overview of Instrumentation, 
		Experimental Methods, and  
		Attenuation of UV Radiation 
		into Natural Waters			M. P. Lesser 
	Introduction to Materials and  
		Methods Used by Participants in the  
		1994 HIMB Summer Program on  
		'UV and Coral Reefs'			D.Gulko, M. P.  
							Lesser & M. Ondrusek 
	An Introduction to the UV Environment 
		of Kane'ohe Bay, O'ahu			D. Gulko 
	Attenuation in Kane'ohe Bay as  
		Interpreted from PUV Profiles		K. W. Patterson 
 
Plankton: 
	The Influence of Solar UV-B Radiation on  
		Copepods in the Lagoon at Coconut  
		Island, Hawai'i				H. Saito & S.Taguchi 
	A Biological Weighting Function for 
		Phytoplankton Growth Inhibition		P. J. M. Peterson, 
							R. C. Smith, K. W.  
							Patterson & P. L. 
							Jokiel 
	Physiological and Biochemical Effects of 
		UV Radiation on the Marine  
		Phytoplankton _Nannochloropsis_ sp. 
		and _Dunaliella_ sp.			B. Butow & T. 
							Fisher 
Corals: 
	Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of MAA's 
		in Hawaiian Corals: A Depth Profile 
		and a Survey				I. Kuffner, M. E. 
							Ondrusek & 
							M. Lesser 
	Response of a Pacific Stony Coral to Short- 
		term Exposure of Ultraviolet and  
		Visible Light				S. K. Lewis 
	Bleaching and Lipids in the Pacific Coral 
		_Montipora verrucosa_			A. G. Grottoli- 
							Everett 
	Uneven Bleaching Within a Coral Colony in 
		Response to Differing Levels of 
		Solar Radiation				A. G. Grottoli- 
							Everett & I. 
							Kuffner 
	The Metabolic Response of _Fungia scutaria_ 
		to Elevated Temperatures Under Various 
		UV Radiation Regimes			S. V. Hohlbach 
	Preliminary Report of the Occurance of 
		Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the 
		Eggs of the Hawaiian Scleractinian 
		Corals _Montipora verrucosa_ and  
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. A. Krupp & 
							J. Blanck 
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation on  
		Fertilization in the Hawaiian Coral 
		_Fungia scutaria_			D. Gulko 
	The Effect of UV on Settlement of the Planula 
		of _Pocillopora damicornis_		A. Baker 
 
Zooxanthellae: 
	Ultraviolet Radiation: Helpful or Harmful to 
		Zooxanthellae Culture Growth		S. R. Santos 
 
Seaweeds: 
	Survey of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids in the  
		Macrophytes of Kane'ohe Bay		A. T. Banaszak & 
							M. Lesser 
	Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation and Nitrogen 
		Enrichment on Growth in the Coral Reef  
		Chlorophytes _Dictyosphaeria cavernosa_ 
		and _Dictyosphaeria versluysii_		S. Larned 
Phototoxicity: 
	Phototoxicity in a Coral Reef Flat Community	R. Peachey & 
							D. Crosby 
 
UV & Vision: 
	UV Vision by Marine Animals: Mainly Questions	N. Shashar 
	Polarization Vision as a Mechanism for 
		Detection of Transparent Objects	N. Shashar, L. 
							Addessi & T. W.  
							Cronin 
	Designs for Submersible Imaging Polarimeters	N. Shashar, T. W. 
							Cronin, G. Johnson 
							& L. B. Wolff 
	Ultraviolet Imagery				G. Losey, C. W. 
							Hawryshyn, W. N. 
							McFarland, E. R. 
							Lowe, T. W. Cronin 
							& D. Fiore 
 
Conclusions: 
	Workshop Roundtable Discussion on 
		"Directions in Marine UV Research" 
 
			  
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  2 08:44:12 1996 
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Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 08:02:52 -0500 (EST) 
From: Jonathan Shenker <shenker@winnie.fit.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Fishery for Marine Ornamental Tropical Fishes  
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I've been trying, without much success, to find current information about 
the commercial fishery for marine fishes for the aquarium trade.  I'm 
particularly interested in the techniques used by fisheries around the 
world, the impacts of fishing on reef ecosystems, the magnitude of the 
fisheries in different locations, and their economic values.   
 
Any information would be appreciated.  Please reply directly to me rather 
than the net.  
 
Thanks. 
 
Jon Shenker 
Florida Institute of Technology 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  2 12:21:09 1996 
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Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 11:40:54 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: hwelchli@nchgr.nih.gov (Heidi Welchlin) 
Subject: mitochondrial genetics of coral 
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My name is Heidi Welchlin and I am a molecular biologist at the National 
Institutes of Health.  I am interested in finding out more about the field 
of mitochondrial genetics of coral and find out who may be doing research 
in this field.  Of particular interest would be researchers in the 
Miami/Florida Keys area as I am considering relocating to Key Largo.  Any 
help that anyone could provide me would be greatly appreciated.  Thank you. 
 
Heidi L. Welchlin 
Gene Transfer Technology Section 
Clinical Gene Therapy Branch 
National Center for Human Genome Research 
National Institutes of Health 
10 Center Drive 10/10C107  MSC 1851 
Bethesda, MD 20892-1851 
 
e-mail: hwelchli@nchgr.nih.gov 
phone: (301)435-2827 
fax: (301)496-7184 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  2 16:01:04 1996 
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From: meugenia@cica.es 
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To: CRUST-L@vims.edu 
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 20:22:58 +0000 
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Subject: ZOEA - ANNOUNCEMENT / TAN 
CC: MARBIO@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, AQUA-LIST@listserv.ifmt.nf.ca, 
        CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, TAXACOM@cmsa.berkeley.edu 
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                       Sorry for cross-posting 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
      ZOEA is a Newsletter intended for all workers interested in  
crustacean larval development. ZOEA is a newsletter rather than a  
scientific journal. Publication started in January 1994. Since this  
moment, more than 1000 issue copies have been distributed to worldwide.  
At present, it  is published twice yearly, in spring and autumn. 
      Primary contents of ZOEA include short communications,  
announcements, request for information, lists of recent publications,  
posters and oral presentations in meetings, works in progress,  
abstracts of doctoral theses, and a research directory. 
      ZOEA will hopefully serve as both "a platform for fruitful  
discussion and exchange of ideas among carcinologists interested in  
aspects of larval development", as Klaus Anger proposed in ZOEA's  
inaugural issue, and a clearinghouse of information regarding both  
research and researchers. 
       At present, most of ZOEA members are working on decapod larvae (61 %), 
 followed  those studying copepod larvae (8.4 %), zooplankton (5.2 %), cirripeds 
  (3 %), mysids  (1 %) and others (20 %). Geographically, they are 
 distributed as follows: Europe (38 %), Asia (29 %), North-America (21 
 %), South-America (11 %), Oceania (4%) and Africa (3 %). As you can 
 see, it would be desirable that ZOEA Newsletter arrives to a wider of 
 specialists interested in the larval biology of different crustacean 
 groups. So, it may be a good idea to make ZOEA known to other 
 colleagues and promote the creation of a major forum for many aspects 
 of the larval development in crustaceans.  ZOEA's scope is very broad 
 with respect to taxonomy (all of Crustacea), geography (worlwide) 
 and biological discipline. 
       Subscriptons to ZOEA (15 U.S. $ or 1000 Spanish pesetas per  
year) is possible by: personal check (U.S. Bank), international  
postal giro, or credit card (VISA, MASTER-CARD). 
       For more information, please don't hesitate to contact the editors  
or regional editors.  
 
       Editors 
 
            Jose A. Cuesta 
Dept. Ecologia, Fac. Biologia, Apdo. 1095, 41080-Sevilla (Spain)       
e-mail: mariscal@cica.es 
 
            Dr. Pablo J. Lopez-Gonzalez 
Laboratorio Biologia Marina, Fac. Biologia, Apdo. 1095, 41080-Sevilla (Spain) 
e-mail: meugenia@cica.es 
   
             J.I. Gonzalez-Gordillo 
Inst. Cienc. Mar. Andalucia, Apdo. Oficial, 11510-Puerto Real, Cadiz (Spain) 
e-mail: nacho.gonzalez@icman.csic.es 
 
 
Reginal Editors 
 
   North America 
          Dr. A.H. Harvey 
Dept. Invertebrates. American Museum of Natural History, 79th Street  
at Central Park West, New York, NY 10024, USA 
e-mail: aharvey@amnh.org 
 
    South America 
           Dr. A. Fransozo & Dr. M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo 
Dept. Zoologia, NEBECC, IB, UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, Caixa Postal  
502, Cep 18618-000, Botucatu, Sau Paulo, Brazil. 
FAX:    +55-149213744 
 
    North Africa & Near East            
           Dr. A.M. Al-Aidaroos 
Fac. Marine Science, King Abdulaziz Univ. P.O. Box 1540, Jeddah  
21441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 
FAX:   +966-26401747 
 
 
    Looking forward to hearing from you, with your contributions and  
suggestions. 
 
   Sincerely 
 
       The Editors 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  2 17:46:54 1996 
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Message-ID: <c=US%a=_%p=HBOI%l=HBOI/HBOI/00010896@smtp.hboi.edu> 
From: Clay Cook <ccook@hboi.edu> 
To: Coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Harbor Branch post-doc position 
Date: Mon, 2 Dec 1996 17:06:00 -0500 
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Greetings all, 
 
Our apologies for not getting this out more quickly.  I had thought we 
had posted it earlier, but apparently not.  The application forms are 
available on our HBOI website (www.hboi.edu). 
 
Clay Cook 
 
Clayton B. Cook 
Senior Scientist, Marine Science Division 
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution 
5600 US 1 North				 
Ft Pierce, FL  34946			 
USA					 
 
e-mail  ccook@hboi.edu 
phone (407) 465-2400I,  ext. 301 
fax      (407) 468-0757 
 
 
 
	POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWSHIP IN MARINE SCIENCE 
	HARBOR BRANCH OCEANOGRAPHIC 
 
 
The Division of Marine Sciences, Harbor Branch Oceanographic 
Institution, Inc., has an opening for a Postdoctoral Fellow, to begin as 
soon as January 1, 1997.  Postdoctoral Fellows work closely with one of 
the Principal Investigators in the Division.  While research can be 
conducted in any discipline within marine science, three PI+s have 
identified specific interests for postdoctoral research: 
 
*Bioluminescence (Dr. Edie Widder, PI) has an opportunity for a post 
doctoral fellow to work on a project involving the development of a 3D 
mapping technique which uses computer image analysis and tracking 
algorithms to identify midwater zooplankton  based on their 
bioluminescent signatures.  Applicants should have a strong background 
in mathematical ecology.  Some experience with C++ programming 
preferred.  The successful candidate will receive training in 
bioluminescence, quantitative light measurements and submersible based 
data collection techniques. 
 
*Marine Botany (Dr. Dennis Hanisak, PI) has an opportunity for a 
post-doctoral fellow to work on the ecology or physiology of marine 
macroalgae or seagrasses.  Of particular interest would be candidates 
with interest and expertise in nitrogen or carbon ecophysiology of 
seagrasses, or macroalgae - nutrient interactions. 
 
*Symbiosis and Coral Biology (Dr. Clay Cook, PI) has opportunities in 
two areas of research: (1)  the effect of inorganic nutrients on the 
biology of reef building corals, and (2) the influence of host cell 
habitat on physiology and gene expression of symbiotic dinoflagellates, 
using the sea anemone Aiptasia pallida as a model. 
 
Applicants who have received their Ph.D. within the last five years are 
eligible to apply (the degree must be in hand before beginning the 
fellowship).  This fellowship is for 18 months, with an annual stipend 
of $25,000 ($37,500 total stipend); health benefits are available.  To 
receive additional information and application materials, contact: 
Postdoctoral Fellowship Committee, Division of Marine Science, Harbor 
Branch Oceanographic Institution, 5600 U.S. 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 
34946; Phone: (407) 465-2400, x321; FAX: (407) 468-0757; e-mail: 
dumas@hboi.edu.  Potential applicants may wish to directly contact the 
PI of their interest:  widder@hboi.edu, hanisak@hboi.edu, or 
ccook@hboi.edu.  Final review and selection of the fellow will be made 
ca. December 13, 1996. 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  3 12:52:40 1996 
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Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 10:49:59 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961203104931.1203B-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 03 Dec 1996 18:31:09 +1100 
From: michael aw <oneocean@comcen.com.au> 
To: hendee@coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: (no subject) 
 
Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
By Michael AW 
 
The coral reefs in the Asia Pacific islands are under siege by coastal 
dwellers using cyanide and dynamite to procure fish.  This practice has 
been a vehemently condemned by conservation agencies , scuba diving 
magazines, dive resorts, NGOs (non governmental organizations) and marine 
scientists as well as all that have their vested interest in the coral 
reef environment. If the practice continues, it is estimated by the year 
2020, all coral reefs in the region will be destroyed. 
 
Spurred by quick bucks and the demand of aquariums and a live fish trade 
supplying restaurants throughout the region, unscrupulous traders employ 
agents / locals to harvest reef fishes with sodium cyanide. According to 
reports from the WWF, over 6000 cyanide divers squirt an estimated 150,000 
kg of dissolved poison on some 33 million coral heads annually. Beside the 
distinct possibility of causing the extinction of these fish species in 
the region by such a selective culling process , cyanide is not selective. 
It also indiscriminately kills coral polyps, symbiotic algae and other 
small reef organisms required for the sustenance of a healthy reef, which 
will eventually cause the entire ecosystem of the reef to collapse. During 
the first eight months of 1995, a total catch of 2.3 million kg of live 
groupers and humped wrasse worth over US$180 million was exported to Hong 
Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Another 1.9 million kg of decorative fishes 
worth US$800,000 was shipped to Europe and North America. 
 
During Ocean N Environment expeditions to Indonesia, I have come to 
encounter these raiders of the reef. Collectors who expose their life to 
the risk of cyanide poisoning and decompression sickness due to extended 
exposure under pressure.  They comprise solely of boys from local tribes 
and sea gypsies. From small collection centres scattered among remote 
islands, each of these outposts gathers an average of 250 tons of Napoleon 
wrasse and grouper to meet the demand of their middleman in the principal 
towns of Ujung Pandang and Manado.  This selective culling of a specie 
that may live up to 50 years in the wild is considered totally 
unsustainable by marine scientists. In the short term however, a dinner 
plate sized Napoleon wrasse which may fetch up to US$800 in a Chinese 
restaurant in Hong Kong, makes good business acumen for the entrepreneur. 
Gourmet diners in Hong Kong are willing to part with thousands of dollars 
for a live fish and will go as far as checking out the freshness of their 
dinner by viewing swathes of flesh skillfully removed to show the fish's 
beating heart. 
 
Millions of dollars are invested by numerous environmental agencies mostly 
donated by the concerned public and corporate sponsors, to research, 
educate and 'retrain' fisherman to use other forms and methods of fishing. 
One of these organizations, Haribon Foundation for Conservation of Natural 
Resources, a leading Philippines NGO has as early as 1990 began a 
realistic effort to educate local fisherman on the sustainable development 
of the reef environment by protective netting and methods of collection. 
Coral Reef Alliance, another conservation agency for the reef, is also 
promoting retraining as a solution to the cyanide problems. 
 
However, on the other end of the scale, the simple principal of marketing 
still applies. Whenever there is a demand, someone out there will be 
sourcing for supply. In Asian culture, consumption of a Napoleon wrasse is 
not simply a dietary concern, but the status of being able to afford the 
luxury - to many it is a sign of wealth and status symbol.  The South East 
Asian counties have undoubtedly become a financial power, where a 
gastronomical feast of Napoleon wrasse and the 'thousand-dollar-a-bowl 
shark-fin soup mark a successful business transaction. In this regard, the 
demand for these delicacies is indeed a serious threat to the marine 
environment. 
 
All governments in the South East Asian countries have excellent laws that 
declare fishing with both cyanide and dynamite illegal, but implementation 
and enforcement are two separate issues altogether.  Governments in these 
countries can do nothing to restrict the dietary habits of their own 
citizens nor a business venture that engages in cyanide fishing by say a 
Singaporean in Sulawesi, Indonesia for example.  In a hypothetical 
situation, the obvious solution that would inevitably cause the cyanide 
fishing industry to collapse is for the governments of Singapore, 
Malaysia, Hong Kong, Taiwan, China and even Australia to impose bans on 
the sale of live Napoleon Wrasse and grouper.  If the aquarium trade for 
ornamental fishes in the USA is causing the degradation of reefs in the 
Philippines, then ban the tropical fish vendors in that country. Without 
the demand, there will no call for supply. 
 
In the real world, this is not as simple. When I checked with Dr. Howard 
Latin, an international conservation law professor from New Jersey, on the 
possibility of a ban on the sale of live Napoleon wrasse,, his immediate 
comment was "since the markets for live groupers & Napoleon Wrasse are 
mainly in Asian countries without strong environmental laws, my analysis 
wouldn't work and we'd need to find more economical disincentive measures 
such as boycotts, information disclosure, etc." 
 
 
Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Indonesia and Singapore have a long history of 
allowing  trade in endangered species  and it will be  unrealistic to 
expect 
these importing nations to restrain the businessmen and consumers who 
want 
to have these "luxury" fish for  consumption.  Take  Singapore for 
instance, 
world renown for law enforcement on its bans on everything from illegal 
drugs to chewing gum - imposing effective controls would mean the demand 
of 
some  cyanide free  import certificates from merchants and random 
testing of 
live  fish -  the cost  and legalities of which may well offend 
neighboring 
nations, does not justify  the benefits.  Singapore does not have much 
of 
her own coral reef resources. 
 
In another context,  what can these governments offer the poor fishermen 
who 
are making 
considerably higher wages (at the risk of their lives and health) using 
cyanide to catch a few species in high demand?  Take Indonesia as an 
example.  This nation is an archipelago comprised of over 170000 
islands, 
with a population of over 190 million - a high percentage of these 
people 
live by and are sustained by the sea and aid is next to non -existent. 
In 
our expedition to Tukang Besi,  thought to be one of the few remaining 
untouched coral reef environments  we found obvious evidence of 
frequent 
dynamite  fishing used for the collection of fish to  feed the people of 
it's overpopulated  water villages. 
 
 
 
 
 A spokesman of Operation Wallacea,  told me that they have received 
over 
2million US dollars  in aid from Hong Kong  Bank for their research 
project 
at Tukang Besi. The operation is charging volunteers up to $3000 to help 
them document  the bio-diversity there  in an effort to declare the area 
a 
marine reserve. Despite all the good intentions, the crux of the 
problems 
has not been addressed. There are simply too many people , and these 
people 
need to live.  Wouldn't it be much better  to spend the 2 million 
dollars 
either relocating these people or  to help them  develop a form of 
sustainable aqua culture ? In a nut shell, if we were to focus our 
effort on 
feeding these people that are practicing dynamite and cyanide fishing, 
by 
providing them with  resources and skills to improve their quality of 
life, 
wouldn't  they help us save our reef? The question I posed at my recent 
presentation on the environment at DEMA Asia in Kuala Lumpur is "What 
have 
businesses that profit from the pristineness of coral reefs done for 
these 
people whose  livelihood has been sustained by the reef's resources?" 
 
 
The messages scuba and geographical magazines, instruction agencies, 
resorts 
and live-aboard vessels promote are environmentally friendly - 'don't 
touch 
the reef, don't take anything' . The new breed of divers are a conscious 
lot. Most divers do little damage to coral reefs,  don't remove shells 
and 
frown on those who do.  One afternoon last year, while on Bunaken island 
with a group of divers from Australia ,we  were approached by a young 
girl, 
barely eight years old, carrying a basket of shells to sell.  She did 
not 
yield a response from any of us.  My point  to this is simple - while 
each 
of us must have paid up to US$150 per day for the privilege of diving in 
this girl's  'backyard', she did not  reap a single cent - while  her 
father 
was probably out in an outrigger canoe  waiting to bring  in their next 
meal. 
 
As  long as  there are poverty stricken people that are sustained by the 
sea 
and as long as there is demand by the rich and wealthy for 'luxury' 
fish, 
dynamite and cyanide will continue to send our coral reef to 
irreversible 
degradation.  We are not ruling out the prospect of having Napoleon 
wrasse 
banned from the restaurants of Asia - Pacific countries, but the 
businesses 
and responsible divers need to take a closer look at their contribution 
to 
the problems.  I cite Goodwin's (1996)definition of ecotourism to 
illustrate 
my point, as most operators in the diving  businesses believe that they 
provide. " low impact nature tourism which contributes to the 
maintenance of 
species and habitats either directly through a contribution to 
conservation 
and/or indirectly by providing revenue to the local community sufficient 
for 
local people to value, and therefore protect their wildlife heritage 
area as 
a source of income.  To this end I have  not seen many such 
contributions by 
either operators or participants,  in my last six years of extensive 
travel. 
If every operator in the region would start by adopting a village or 
local 
community near their operation, providing them with education and a 
source 
of income, it shall be a positive start to eliminating  dynamite and 
cyanide 
off  our coral reefs. A boycott by every diver and their friends in Asia 
from restaurants that serve shark-fin soup and live Napoleon wrasse will 
also create headlines with the news media.  The preservation of the 
quality 
of our coral reefs is more than just wearing a Save the Reef  T-shirt or 
sticking a "Responsible Diver" sticker on the family car. 
 
Michael AW 
 
 
Life's short...play hard 
The Ocean is Our Playground! 
 
Note our new email address: oneocean@comcen.com.au 
Michael AW of 
Ocean N Environment Ltd 
P.O. Box 2138, Carlingford Court Post Office 
Carlingford NSW 2118, Australia 
Tel / Fax: 61 2 9 686 36 88 also 9686 6838 
Mobile: 61 (0) 418 203 238 
email: oneocean@comcen.com.au 
http://www.OceanNEnvironment.com.au 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  3 12:10:37 1996 
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Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 10:47:23 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: An expensive meal and the Chinese (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 1996 06:53:46 -0500 (EST) 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: An expensive meal and the Chinese 
 
Nicolas J. Pilcher wrote: 
 
"to target the rich, you have to offer them an alternative that will still 
allow them to 'save-face' and still act rich. This is Asia. Welcome to a 
new mindset.  The need to entertain guests and provide them with a large 
live fish is cemented now as an important tradition - modern it may be, 
but it's there and we have to live with it.  These people don't eat this 
at home.  Ever!  It is only to show off politely that it is done.  These 
are aspects to consider when tackling this issue." 
 
---- 
 
Perhaps a start might be for a few of the rich to take leadership roles 
and instead of offering a large live fish at a gathering offer to show 
video of the large live fish that was actually found, stalked and spared, 
complete with footage of the divers, holding up a sign in Chinese beside 
the behemoth (gives guests an excellent idea of the size of the animal) 
that says "This creature has been spared through the wisdom and generosity 
of [name of host]." 
 
The fish could also be tagged and the host given its number.  Full colour 
posters of the fish could be given to each guest upon leaving.  They could 
still eat live fish, just something a lot less damaging to future stocks. 
The rich could still spend their $10 000 but now it is to pay two divers 
to photograph, video and tag this large beast with the rest of the money 
going to fisheries maintenance. 
 
If that didn't work, there is always international condemnation of the 
practice.  The rich used to enjoy fox hunting until there was sufficient 
public outrage.  Very few people can wear fur coats now and feel fully 
comfortable.  But that should be an option only after the first was tried. 
 
It is always better to approach people cooperatively than through 
coercion.  Dr. Archie Carr (sea turtle champion) taught me the power or 
one or two (--through his writings, I never met the man) and I believe all 
it might take is a few of Hong Kong's elite to set the example and a new 
tradition could be started. 
 
That kind of responsibility spread through the media would do far more for 
international opinion of both Hong Kong and the Chinese, than its present 
reputation of buying up the world's resources and taking advantage of the 
poor in the poorest of nations. 
 
 
Best regards 
 
                       ^ Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                      0 0                 Email: howzit@io.org 
             /V^\     I I    /^V\ 
           /V     Turtle Trax    V\       http://www.turtles.org 
 
            PLEASE SUPPORT Green Turtle Fibropapilloma RESEARCH 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  3 17:10:36 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu (ESA List), 
        EIA@pan.cedar.univie.ac.at, environment-L@cornell.edu (Env-L List), 
        eon@world.std.com, Land-and-Water@FAO.ORG 
From: tsocci@usgcrp.gov (Tony Socci) 
Subject: December 9th USGCRP Seminar on "The Economics of Climate Chnage Impacts and 
 Mitigation:  The Importance of Values and Assumptions" 
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                U.S. Global Change Research Program Second Monday Seminar Series 
 
   The Economics of Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation: 
                                   The Importance of Values and Assumptions 
 
 
What is the basis of cost/benefit analyses of projected climate change 
impacts and mitigation options?  What are the values and assumptions that 
have gone into these analyses?  How significantly do cost/benefit analyses 
change in instances where one makes different assumptions and value 
judgments? 
 
 
                                                      Public Invited 
 
 
                               Monday, December 9, 1996, 3:15-4:45 PM 
                   Rayburn House Office Bldg., Room B369, Washington, DC 
                                                 Reception Following 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
The Honorable Mark Chupka, Acting Assistant Secretary for the Office of 
Policy and International Affairs, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC 
 
SPEAKERS 
 
Dr. Richard B. Norgaard, Professor of Energy and Resources, University of 
California, Berkeley, CA 
 
Dr. Robert Costanza, Director, University of Maryland Institute for 
Ecological Economics, College Park, MD 
 
 
                                                                   Overview 
 
As we move from a world that was relatively empty of humans and their 
influences on the environment to one that is relatively full, interactions 
between the ecological life support system and the economic subsystem 
become increasingly important. Of particular importance is the integration 
of the three broad goals of ecological sustainability, social fairness, and 
allocative efficiency.  The potential for global change to damage 
irreversibly the ecological life support system and reduce the well-being 
of our descendants is a key concern in this context. 
 
To address the complex set of issues that arise, improved methods are 
needed for: the valuation of natural capital, national income and welfare 
accounting, integrated modeling and assessment, dealing with uncertainty, 
and the intertemporal allocation of resources.  To address these issues, 
and their implications for global change in an integrated way requires 
moving beyond the standard approaches in both ecology and economics (while 
not discarding the best elements of each).  "Ecological economics," is 
helping to develop a new "habit of mind" that can provide the basis for 
understanding and managing the planet in a sustainable way. 
 
Within this broad framework, a number of important issues are being 
considered.  These include: 1) the advantages and disadvantages of an early 
response to predicted climate change; 2) the value of reducing the 
uncertainties surrounding the environmental processes, ecological impacts, 
and economic consequences of climate change; 3) the mix of mitigation and 
adaptation that may ultimately prove the best strategy; and 4) the 
augmented benefits of mitigation that result from the environmental gains 
that can be captured through decreased greenhouse gas emissions and 
increased protection of forests and other biomass sources. 
 
Findings from approaches based on ecological economics generally suggest 
the need for earlier action than do economic studies that do not consider 
ecological perspectives.  These findings are based on studies that focus on 
system limits, thresholds, and dynamic complexities.  When considering 
ecological connections, the Index of Social and Economic Welfare (also 
called the Genuine Progress Indicator) suggests, for example, that the 
increases in GDP per capita over the past quarter century are largely 
illusory. Economic models that do not fully include consideration of the 
complexity of our environment then tend to extrapolate these illusory gains 
for future generations and improperly weight these against the real 
benefits of investing in climate change mitigation.  Analyzing the societal 
impacts of climate change also highlights the importance of considering 
equity along with efficiency in reaching an appropriate solution. What is 
efficient for this generation is not necessarily equitable for the next and 
doing what is efficient for the industrialized countries may have major 
adverse impacts on poor countries and on global stability in the longer 
run.  Ecological economics also allows for a coupling of climate change to 
related issues such as biodiversity loss and the local and regional 
problems of environmental quality. 
 
Improving understanding of and capabilities for considering environmental 
complexity in association with economic efficiency is thus an essential 
research task needed to support policy development. 
 
                                                             Biographies 
 
Dr. Richard B. Norgaard is Professor of Energy and Resources, University of 
California at Berkeley.  He received his Ph.D. in Economics from the 
University of Chicago in 1971, assisted in the creation of the Energy and 
Resources Group as a Professor of Agricultural and Resource Economics at 
Berkeley, and joined the core faculty of the Energy and Resources Group in 
1987.  Dr. Norgaard has contributed to the economic theory of 
intergenerational equity and the economics of energy development, climate 
change, and biodiversity loss. He also writes on how environmental 
complexity has modified our understanding of how science works.  He has 
over one hundred publications including a book that provides an 
epistemological explanation of our environmental crisis and explores how a 
coevolutionary understanding of process can be used to envision a more 
sustainable future ("Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a 
Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future", Routledge, London and New York, 
1994). 
 
Dr. Norgaard helped found and is currently President-elect of the 
International Society for Ecological Economics.  He is a member of the U.S. 
Committee of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment 
(SCOPE) hosted in the U.S. by the National Research Council.  He 
participated in the founding and serves as chairman of the board of 
Redefining Progress, an NGO based in San Francisco engaged in research and 
public education on greening the system of national accounts and on 
resource and environmental taxation. 
 
 
Dr. Robert Costanza is director of the University of Maryland Institute for 
Ecological Economics, and a professor in the Center for Environmental and 
Estuarine Studies at Solomons, MD, and in the Zoology Department at College 
Park, MD.  His academic research has focused on the interface between 
ecological and economic systems, particularly at larger temporal and 
spatial scales.  This includes landscape level spatial simulation modeling, 
analysis of energy flows through economic and ecological systems, valuation 
of ecosystem services and natural capital, and analysis of dysfunctional 
incentive systems and ways to correct them.  He is the author or co-author 
of over 200 scientific papers and 11 books. 
 
Dr. Costanza is co-founder and president of the International Society for 
Ecological Economics (ISEE) and chief editor of the society's journal: 
"Ecological Economics."  He serves on the editorial board of five other 
international academic journals.  He is also vice president of the newly 
formed International Society for Ecosystem Health. In 1982 he was selected 
as a Kellogg National Fellow; in 1992 he was awarded the Society for 
Conservation Biology Distinguished Achievement Award; and in 1993 he was 
selected as a Pew Scholar in Conservation and the Environment. He has 
served on the EPA National Advisory Council for Environmental Policy and 
Technology (NACEPT); the National Research Council's Board on Sustainable 
Development, Committee on Global Change Research; the National Research 
Council's Board on Global Change; and the U.S. National Committee for the 
Man and the Biosphere Program. 
 
Dr. Costanza received his Ph.D. from the University of Florida in 1979 in 
systems ecology with a minor in economics.  He also has a masters degree in 
Architecture and Urban and Regional  Planning, also from the University of 
Florida.  Before coming to Maryland in 1988, he was on the faculty at the 
Coastal Ecology Institute and the Department of Marine Sciences at 
Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 
 
 
                   The Next Seminar is scheduled for Monday, January 13, 1997 
 
                 Planned Topic: Food, Agriculture, and Climate Change: 
                                          The International and U.S. Outlook 
 
 
For more information please contact: 
 
Anthony D. Socci, Ph.D., U.S. Global Change Research Program Office 
Code YS-1, 300 E St., SW, Washington, DC 20546 
Telephone: (202) 358-1532; Fax: (202) 358-4103 
E-Mail: TSOCCI@USGCRP.GOV. 
 
Additional information on the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) 
and this Seminar Series is available on the USGCRP Home Page at: 
http://www.usgcrp.gov. Normally these seminars are held on the second 
Monday of each month. 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec  3 17:21:49 1996 
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Date: 	Tue, 3 Dec 1996 11:21:18 -1000 
From: Deborah Gochfeld <gochfeld@hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: gochfeld@uhunix3 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: coral-feeding nudibranchs 
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Dear Coral-listers, 
 
Has anyone working on reefs in the Pacific (other than Hawaii) had 
experiences with mortality of Porites corals due to the nudibranch, 
Phestilla sibogae?  I am looking for information on Phestilla predation on 
corals either in situ on the reef, transplanted to different habitats, or 
in flow-through tanks in a laboratory setting.  If you have had any 
experiences with these nudibranchs (or any other coral-feeding 
nudibranchs!), please contact me directly at:   
 
gochfeld@hawaii.edu.   
 
Cheers, 
 
Deborah Gochfeld 
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology 
P.O. Box 1346 
Kaneohe, HI 96744 
 
Phone:  (808) 236-7432    
Fax:  (808) 236-7443 
gochfeld@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 05:58:36 1996 
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          EST 
Date: Wed, 04 Dec 1996 10:49:34 EST 
From: pol@lisa.univ-perp.fr 
Reply-To: pol@univ-perp.fr 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
CC: criobe@tahiti.rio.net, pol@univ-perp.fr 
Message-ID: <009AC559.4CD91F60.8701@lisa.univ-perp.fr> 
Subject: Incentive for Reef Research In French Polynesia  
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  Reef research opportunities at the Centre for Insular Research and 
 
Observatory for the Environment (CRIOBE), Moorea, French  
Polynesia : 
 
 
In order to stimulate coral reef research in French Polynesia, and to 
 
develop international cooperation with research teams operating  
from CRIOBE,  
Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes (CRIOBE mother Institution) is 
 
lauching the 
 
      CRIOBE RESEARCH FELLOWSHIP INCENTIVE 
 
Starting 1st January 1997, all graduate students and scientists who 
will  
work at CRIOBE for a minimum of 14 days during any calendar year  
will have, subject to their prior approval, their name entered in a 
 
draw . The prize will be drawn at the end of each calendar year ( 1st 
 
draw December 1997) in a foreign  research institution, in the 
 
presence of the institution's head.           The winner will receive 
a  
return ticket from his/her home institution to Moorea to be used 
 
during the following calendar year, for a further research period at 
 
CRIOBE of 14 days minimum. 
  	Two categories of Fellowship incentive exist : 
                	- One for French citizens 
		- One for nationals of other countries 
 
	For more detailed information on CRIOBE, application  
procedures, facilities available and bench fees, please contact : 
 
		The Director 
		CRIOBE/EPHE 
		BP 1013  Papetoai 
		MOOREA, French Polynesia 
		Fax 689 56 28 15  
		Email :  criobe@tahiti.rio.net 
			 
	 
 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
   Biologie Marine et Malacologie/Ichtyoecologie tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
                          ECOLE PRATIQUE DES HAUTES ETUDES 
            Centre de Biologie et d'Ecologie Tropicale et Mediterraneenne 
      Universite de Perpignan, 52 Av. de Villeneuve, F-66860 - PERPIGNAN CEDEX 
      Tel.: +33 4 68 66 20 55, Fax: +33 4 68 50 36 86, e-mail:pol@univ-perp.fr 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 08:08:33 1996 
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Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 07:15:53 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 3 Dec 1996 14:12:50 -0600 
From: "Judith C. Lang" <jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 
 
Michael AW has noted: 
>If every operator in the region would start by adopting a village or 
>local community near their operation, providing them with education and a 
>source of income, it shall be a positive start to eliminating  dynamite and 
>cyanide off  our coral reefs..... 
 
Not just every diving tourism or dive shop operator , but also every 
amateur and university diving club in your region could be asked to 
participate.  And don't forget your schoolchildren....you have an 
opportunity to extend those wonderful teaching materials for GBR coral 
reefs to real-world actions.  (Incidentally, my experience here in the 
southwestern US is that an excellent "hooker", to divers and school 
teachers alike, is an age-appropriate project which allows them to feel as 
though they are participating in IYOR.) 
 
Please folks also remember there are also lots of Asian SCUBA divers, dive 
operators, students and scientists with deep concerns for the integrity of 
their own and the region's coral reefs and coastal communities....perhaps 
some of whom could share with us their ideas about how best to reverse 
current trends. 
 
Judy Lang 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 13:51:13 1996 
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From: lebris@com.univ-mrs.fr (LE BRIS Sylvain) 
Subject: sharm el sheik 
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I am trying to find information about sea water temperature in Sharm El 
Sheik bay (Red Sea, Egypt) and information about the weather at the end of 
december. 
Sylvain 
 
LE BRIS Sylvain                   
Station Marine d'Endoume 
rue batterie des Lions 
13007 Marseille (France) 
 
Tel: 04 91 04 16 00        from abroad  Tel: +33 4 91 04 16 00 
Fax: 04 91 04 16 35                     Fax: +33 4 91 04 16 35  
 
E-mail: lebris@com.univ-mrs.fr 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 15:46:06 1996 
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Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 14:18:29 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Paul A. Blanchon" <blanchon@indiana.edu> 
X-Sender: blanchon@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961204133714.4740A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 
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I read with interest, as perhaps most of you did, Michael's thoughts on  
the important question of who's responsible for overfishing and reef  
degradation. And I whole heartedly agree that the solution is to reduce  
DEMAND for live fish. 
 
However, I was rather surprised to find that the rest of the piece went on  
to explain the difficulties of reducing demand for live fish in far  
east restaurants and made no further mention of the European and  
N. American aquarium trade which, according to the figures, apparently  
makes up 50% of the problem (or did I miss something?). 
 
As I see it, there's absolutely no way we can play the role of reef  
guardians for poor marginalized fishing communities until we put our own  
house in order. 
 
To this end, I think a revealing project for concerned students would be a  
survey of local pet stores to see how many of them were selling live fish  
caught from reefs around the world. Anyone interested? 
 
Cheers, Paul. 
	 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
	Paul Blanchon | Research Associate 
	Department of Geological Sciences 
	Indiana University, Bloomington, 
	IN 47405-1403 | Tel:(812) 855-9729 Fax:0646 
	Visit the 'New' Reef Resource Page at... 
	http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage/ 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 17:18:19 1996 
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Date: Wed, 4 Dec 1996 13:06:37 -0800 (PST) 
From: Craig Bingman <cbingman@netcom.com> 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
To: cbingman@netcom.com 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961204133714.4740A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9612041236.A12430-0100000@netcom13> 
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On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Paul A. Blanchon wrote: 
 
> However, I was rather surprised to find that the rest of the piece went on  
> to explain the difficulties of reducing demand for live fish in far  
> east restaurants and made no further mention of the European and  
> N. American aquarium trade which, according to the figures, apparently  
> makes up 50% of the problem (or did I miss something?). 
 
Are you claiming that 50% of the damage to reefs from dynamite and  
cyanide fishing occurs because of attempts to catch ornamental fish? 
 
My understanding is that dynamite just isn't used to collect ornamental  
fish.  I would be interested in solid, verifiable information indicating  
that it is. 
 
Cyanide is, unfortunately still used to collect ornamental fish, and that  
is an abhorent practice.   
 
Pragmatically, though, it seems that food fish are the target when entire  
reefs are destroyed by dumping drums of cyanide into the water.  Again, I  
would be most interested in information indicating that ornamental marine  
fish are a primary or secondary target of such practices.  And that the  
concentrations of cyanide required to stun a hundred pound grouper don't  
kill small ornamental fish outright. 
 
Craig 
  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec  4 21:34:17 1996 
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Date: Wed, 04 Dec 1996 20:36:28 -0500 
From: Don McAllister <mcall@superaje.com> 
Organization: Linn-Tarn; Canadian Museum of Nature; Ocean Voice International 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: mcall@superaje.com 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
References: <Pine.3.89.9612041236.A12430-0100000@netcom13> 
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Craig Bingman wrote: 
>  
> On Wed, 4 Dec 1996, Paul A. Blanchon wrote: 
>  
 
> Are you claiming that 50% of the damage to reefs from dynamite and 
> cyanide fishing occurs because of attempts to catch ornamental fish? 
>  
> My understanding is that dynamite just isn't used to collect ornamental > fish.  I would be interested in solid, 
verifiable  
information indicating > that it is. 
>Craig is right.  Dynamite is not used to collect ornamental fishes.  
Stunning aquarium fishes (and incidentally killing some on the spot or  
by subsequent post-exposure mortality) by spraying coral heads with  
cyanide is used to collect ornamentals in the Philippines and in  
Indonesia.  Most other countries use small fence nets, fish traps or  
other more environmentally friendly methods.  And the Haribon Foundation  
for Conservation of Natural Resources of Manila and Ocean Voice  
International of Ottawa have been training ornamental collectors to use  
small nets, empower them with knowledge of coral reef ecology, foster  
creation of marine reserves and fisher coops or community organizations  
since 1989.  See our home page below. 
 
don 
 
 
--  
Don E. McAllister             /& Canadian Centre for Biodiversity 
Ocean Voice International          /Canadian Museum of Nature 
Box 37026, 3332 McCarthy Rd. /Box 3443, Station D 
Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0, Canada    /Ottawa, ON K1P 6P4 
URL: http://www.ovi.ca  E-mail: mcall@superaje.com   
 (or: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca) Tel: (613) 264-8986, Fax: (613)  
264-9204 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  5 12:23:25 1996 
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Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 11:10:35 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Paul A. Blanchon" <blanchon@indiana.edu> 
X-Sender: blanchon@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing - Who's really responsible? 
Message-ID: <Pine.HPP.3.91.961205105423.14378A-100000@ophelia.ucs.indiana.edu> 
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Just to clear up the confusion for those of you who obviously did  
not read Michaels commentary, here is the part I was referring to: 
 
>During the first eight months of 1995, a total catch of 2.3 million kg of  
>live groupers and humped wrasse worth over US$180 million was exported to  
>Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Another 1.9 million kg of decorative fishes 
>worth US$800,000 was shipped to Europe and North America. 
(ie nearly 50% of the fish taken from reefs are for the aquarium trade) 
 
The point here is that whether you destroy a reef quickly by dumping  
cyanide over it, or destroy it slowly be removing the fish so that they  
can adorn your living room, the effect is the same...a dead reef. 
 
Cheers, Paul. 
	 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
	Paul Blanchon | Research Associate 
	Department of Geological Sciences 
	Indiana University, Bloomington, 
	IN 47405-1403 | Tel:(812) 855-9729 Fax:0646 
	http://www.indiana.edu/~reefpage/ 
       ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  5 16:45:21 1996 
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Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 15:18:25 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961205151819.6673A-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 04 Dec 96 23:20:48 EST 
From: "John R. CLARK" <103325.3644@compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Re: Cyanide And Dynamite Fishing 
 
Michael AW, 
 
I admired your comments and thought you 
might be interested in my recent book. 
 
Regards, 
 
John Clark 
 
 
Publication Announcement 
 
COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK by John R.Clark 
1996. Lewis/CRC Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida.  694 p 
 
Price: $89.95 in US, $108.00 outside US 
 
Order from Lewis/CRC Publishers 
2000 Corporate Blvd. N.W. 
Boca Raton, Florida 33431-9868 
 
Telephone: 800-272-7737 (US) 407-994-0555  (outside US) 
Fax:          800-374-3401 
E-mail: Internet:orders@crcpress.com 
Worldwide Web:http://www.crcpress.com 
 
CONTENTS: This is the first comprehensive practioners guide for coastal zone 
management. It 
embraces the various aspects of coastal resources planning and management 
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four major sections: 
 
1. Management Strategies: (62 p) Describes the integrated coastal zone 
management (ICZM) 
approach and provides a complete format for planning and management from 
strategy planning 
to preparation of the Master Plan. Includes policy, legal, administrative, 
scientific, and 
participatory aspects of ICZM program development. 
 
2. Management Methods: (159 p) Describes 46 methodologies for conserving coastal 
natural 
resources, preserving biodiversity, and protecting communities from natural 
disasters like 
cyclones. Describes administrative techniques, planning methods, management 
approaches, 
environmental measurements, coastal boundaries, land-water interactions, 
community 
participation,  and use zoning. 
 
3. Management Information: (256 p) Presents a compilation of basic information 
about coastal 
resources planning and management. The 110 individual discussions include such 
subjects as 
resource types and sensitivities, sources of impact, conservation concepts, 
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indicators, databases, sustainable use of resources, traditional uses and 
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restoration of ecosystems. 
 
4. Case Histories: (152 p) Examines 47 different cases of coastal zone planning 
and 
management attempts around the world. The purpose of the mini-cases is to 
compare a variety 
of ICZM management trials and to suggest reasons for the successes and failures 
and to 
propose approaches that offer a higher level of success. Each one discusses the 
background of 
the mini-case and identifies problems, solutions, and lessons learned 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec  5 19:58:55 1996 
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Date: Thu, 5 Dec 1996 19:02:46 -0500 
Message-Id: <2a75bd80@nps.gov> 
From: BISC_Science@nps.gov (BISC Science) 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Cc: Sharon_Cleary@nps.gov (Sharon Cleary), envsolutions@igc.apc.org 
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     Coral Reef Managers and Scientists; 
      
     In an effort to develop, and host. an international conference of  
     Marine Protected Area Managers, Biscayne National Park is trying  
     to identify all of the marine parks, preserves and protected  
     areas located in, or in close proximity to, the Caribbean Sea,  
     Gulf of Mexico and the Bahama Plateau. What we need are the  
     names, addresses (including email if possible) and phone numbers  
     of the managers or the person directly in charge of these areas.   
     If you know of a marine park in any of these areas please let me  
     know at the address (or email) below.   
      
     Richard W. Curry                              Science Coordinator 
     Biscayne National Park                        Phone     (305)230-1144 
     P.O. Box 1369, Homestead, Fl 33090-1369       FAX       (305)230-1190 
     email:  BISC_Science@nps.gov <- Preferred 
             rcurry@umiami.ir.miami.edu 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  6 08:39:32 1996 
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 06 Dec 1996 07:49:13 -0500 (EST) 
Date: Fri, 06 Dec 1996 07:49:12 -0500 (EST) 
From: shashar@umbc2.umbc.edu 
Subject: Universities along the Red Sea 
In-reply-to: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961028085937.27158E-100000@coral> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Hi There 
I'm looking for mailing adresses (s-mail) of universities in 
Sudan, 
Yamen (north and south),  
Arithrea 
Ethiopia 
 
that offer some type of marine biological/ecological eduaction. 
 
Any takers? 
 
Thanks 
 
Nadav Shashar 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  6 09:36:38 1996 
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Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 08:33:39 -0500 (EST) 
From: Amanuel Melles <aa608@freenet.toronto.on.ca> 
Subject: Re: Universities along the Red Sea 
To: shashar@umbc2.umbc.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.961206074557.136286A-100000@UMBC2.UMBC.EDU> 
Message-ID: <Pine.3.89.9612060815.A17050-0100000@sheppard> 
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Nadav, 
 
Ethiopia, with the independence of Eritrea (and not "Arithrea"), has  
become landlocked and the only University which offers a B.Sc. in Marine  
Biology & Fisheries is the University of Asmara, Asmara, Eritrea. 
 
The University of Alexandria (Oceanography) in Egypt, the University of  
Khartoum (Port Sudan, Marine Science) and King Abdulaziz University in  
Saudi Arabia (Jeddah, Marine Sciences) also run academic programs. 
I've no info whatsoever about Yemen. 
 
Hope this helps. 
 
Amanuel Melles  
Toronto 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  6 11:12:49 1996 
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Date: Fri, 06 Dec 1996 09:34:36 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com> 
Subject: locating people 
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I'm trying to get in contact with the people below. Does anyone have their 
current e-mail addresses? 
1) Colin Limpus (biologist with Queensland Dept. of Environment and 
Heritage,         AU) 
2) Peter Bell (University of Queensland 
3) Judith Wright, Australian poet, environmental activist and author of "The 
Coral Battleground" 
4) Miguel Fortes, Marine Science Institute, the Philippines 
Thanks, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: osha@pobox.com 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec  6 19:12:42 1996 
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Date: Fri, 6 Dec 1996 18:42:24 -0500 (EST) 
From: South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and Modeling <sferpm@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: rfp@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu 
Subject: Request for Proposals: SFERPM 
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SOUTH FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION PREDICTION AND MODELING 
ANNOUNCEMENT OF AVAILABILITY OF FUNDS 
 
1.  Introduction 
 
The NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and 
Modeling (SFERPM) program under the sponsorship of the NOAA 
Coastal Ocean Program announces an opportunity for Environmental 
Research and Modeling studies of the Florida Bay and surrounding 
environments. 
 
Since 1994, the NOAA role within the Interagency Program has 
been a focus upon the  larger oceanographic, atmospheric, 
geological and fisheries context within which Bay restoration 
will proceed. This implied studying the Bay's interaction and 
exchange with the adjacent Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal 
marine ecosystems (specifically including fisheries species) and 
its regulation by large scale atmospheric and meteorological 
processes that so intimately link the coastal marine to the 
coastal terrestrial systems in South Florida. 
 
The NOAA South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction and 
Modeling program will conduct empirical studies, develop and run 
models, assess risks and evaluate the ecological response of the 
South Florida coastal marine ecosystem.  Evaluation of the 
ecological response will provide federal, state and regional 
restoration managers and policy-makers the most accurate and 
relevant technical information available. 
 
	Approximately $2M dollars has been made available to fund 
Environmental Research and Modeling activities to be initiated in 
March 1997.  The FY1997 Implementation Plan for the overall 
SFERPM program can be obtained from the World-Wide Web at the 
following address: http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/ocd/sferpm.html 
 
 
II. Guidance 
 
	On the advice of its Oversight Panel the Interagency Florida 
Bay Science Program has recently developed a Strategic Science 
Plan. This will be in final form and available to the public from 
the Interagency Florida Bay Program Management Committee ca. mid- 
January 1996.  Proposals must address one or more of the central 
questions articulated in the Strategic Plan of the Interagency 
Florida Bay Science Program.  These include: 
 
  How and at what rates do storms, changing freshwater flows, sea 
level rise and local evaporation/precipitation patterns 
influence circulation and salinity patterns within Florida Bay 
and the outflow from the Bay to adjacent waters? 
  What is the relative importance of the import of exogenous 
nutrients and internal nutrient cycling in determining the 
nutrient budget of Florida Bay?  What mechanisms control the 
sources and sinks of the Bay's nutrients? 
  What regulates the onset, persistence and fate of planktonic 
algal blooms in Florida Bay? 
  What are the causes and mechanisms for the observed changes in 
seagrasses and the hardbottom community of Florida Bay?  What 
is the effect of changing salinity, light and nutrient regimes 
on these communities? 
  What is the relationship between environmental change, habitat 
change and the recruitment, growth and survival of animals in 
Florida Bay? 
 
 
III.  Areas of Interest 
 
	All proposals should demonstrably contribute to answering 
the above scientific questions.  Planning letters are encouraged 
on topics consistent with the expected NOAA contribution to 
addressing those questions. 
 
	The NOAA Florida Bay Program FY96 Implementation Plan 
relying principally upon the Standing Panel review of the October 
1995 Annual Principal Investigators meeting, began the process of 
changing direction and refocusing its program about a central 
theme. As expressed therein: 
 
    How and why has the Florida Bay ecosystem (and its 
    function as a nursery for commercially and 
    recreationally significant species) changed as a 
    result of seagrass die off and the consequent 
    shift from a purely seagrass dominated benthic 
    system to a semi-pelagic system experiencing dense 
    episodic plankton blooms?   This general question 
    specifically includes the question:  what is the 
    cause, consequence and fate of  plankton blooms?. 
    In fact, an area that has received comparatively 
    little attention in the overall Interagency effort 
    is the "effect of changing species composition, 
    both plants and animals, on ecosystem processes 
    and trophic pathways". Bloom mechanisms are but 
    one aspect of a more general and fundamental 
    phenomenon, ecosystem shift.   From a NOAA 
    perspective the fundamental ecosystem shift, its 
    causes and consequences,  is a critical issue 
    since it is directly relevant to the two most 
    significant regional management concerns of NOAA - 
    i.e.,  the commercially and recreationally 
    significant living resources for whom the Bay 
    represents a nursery ground  and the adjacent 
    Florida Keys  National Marine Sanctuary and its 
    fragile coral reef systems.   The former since 
    those resources depend upon the underlying 
    ecosystem and the primary productivity that 
    supports it and the latter in light of  reports 
    that the reef ecosystem is being deleteriously 
    affected by the quality of the Florida Bay waters 
    that exit through the passes between the Keys and 
    contact the reefs. 
 
 
	Over the last few months the Interagency Florida Bay PMC has 
convened three workshops directly germane to the Research and 
Modeling Program. The expert outside panel reports submitted to 
the PMC after these workshops supplemented by the specific input 
we have received from our agency partners on the Interagency 
Florida Bay Program Management Committee in the course of 
drafting the Strategic Science Plan have been the major 
significant determinants of the substantive content of this 
announcement. 
 
 
	Modeling efforts will continue to be a major emphasis. These 
have included a Regional Circulation Model which provides tides 
and advective inputs to the Bay Circulation Model being developed 
by the Army Corps of Engineers (ACoE) while our Atmospheric Model 
is intended to provide the Everglades Hydrology Model with 
rainfall and the Bay Circulation Model with both rainfall and 
wind fields. Proposals are solicited to continue to fulfill these 
modeling obligations. 
 
	Proposals are solicited to determine how and to what degree 
the ecological and physical changes associated with Ecosystem 
Restoration will affect micro-climates within the South Florida 
peninsula. 
 
 	We intend to initiate a pelagic habit/lower trophic level 
(plankton) ecosystem modeling effort that will integrate the 
research results of SFERPM biological and physical process 
projects.  It would  rely upon the ACoE Florida Bay Circulation 
and  Water Quality models and couple to the  ecological modeling 
planned by the National Biological Service (NBS/DOI), SFWMD and 
the NMFS Living Marine Resources program.  An explicit emphasis 
of the pelagic plankton model should be implications for the 
health and sustainability of the adjacent coral reef tracts of 
the FKNMS. 
 
	Physical oceanographic field proposals are solicited with 
particular emphasis upon the linkage between the west Florida 
Shelf and the western Bay,  the region immediately offshore of 
the Keys and the southwesterly flow connecting the Bay to the 
FKNMS reef tract.  As recommended by the Circulation Model Panel 
in regard to Bay modeling, "boundary conditions are inadequately 
addressed at this time... [they recommended] that the western 
boundary be extended over the shelf and northward of the Shark 
River inflow point and, offshore of the Keys". Physical studies 
will have to be closely integrated with the ACoE modeling effort 
which has been extended both to the west and the south and now 
includes the FKNMS. NOAA has agreed to take a lead role in 
providing the requisite physical data for parameterizing and 
validating the Bay Circulation Model. 
 
	Proposals are solicited on cycling and transformation of 
nutrients, and upon mechanisms and fluxes rather than upon 
monitoring of nutrient distributions.  These should address 
previously unmeasured parameters and processes such as the 
availability of Bay sediment nutrient loads to phytoplankton, 
the exchange and transformation between available and unavailable 
chemical species and physical states,  limitation by micro- 
nutrients, and the relative roles of bacteria and phytoplankton 
(delineating the significance of the so-called microbial loop). 
One of the major nutrient input fluxes (atmospheric deposition) 
will be a high priority.  Multidisciplinary process and modeling 
studies to simultaneously assess production and loss terms over 
appropriate time and space scales throughout the Bay will also be 
a high priority.  Moreover, as noted by the Nutrient Dynamics 
Panel "an important determinant of the supply of nutrients to the 
Bay is water flow and circulation, the most poorly quantified 
element of which is the exchange between western and central 
Florida Bay".   Interdisciplinary field studies addresses these 
issues are solicited. 
 
	Limited paleoecological studies are solicited.  Accurate 
knowledge of the historical sequence of environmental change is 
essential to make predictions (and help understand) the sequence 
of change observed as Bay restoration proceeds and water flow 
(and related parameters) are altered.   From the interagency 
perspective paleoecology is essential to defining the restoration 
objectives for  Florida Bay. 
 
	Multidisciplinary proposals explicitly linking the Bay and 
the reef tract are solicited. The former should specifically 
include monitoring outflow from and exchange between the Bay and 
the FKNMS reef tract.   Coral Reef Initiative-related activities 
would specifically include additional fixed moorings in and near 
inlets and enhancing instrumentation on present and planned fixed 
stations in and near inlets as well as provision of a central 
real time WWW site that will assimilate and distribute the data 
from these fixed sites to the scientific user community. 
 
	Experimental studies relating to ecosystem shifts are 
solicited as are collection of biological and physical field data 
coupled to physiological experiments upon planktonic organisms. 
Studies quantitatively defining trophic trophic linkages 
connecting Bay communities are also solicited as are 
physical/biological studies of the processes relating to algal 
bloom formation and maintenance. 
 
	The establishment and maintenance of explicit collaborations 
between field scientists, experimentalists and ecosystem modelers 
will be strongly encouraged by the SFERPM program. The 
collaborative web must include all the mutually dependent 
projects in the interagency Florida Bay program and is 
facilitated by the formal structure of that program and  mutual 
reliance upon a common Strategic Science Plan in establishing 
individual agency priorities. 
 
IV.  Planning Letter and Proposal Submission Process 
 
A. The SFERPM program is a cooperative effort meant to encompass 
both NOAA line organizations, its' agency partners and the 
academic community.  Cooperative proposals between NOAA 
scientists and academic, state or other federal scientists are 
strongly encouraged but not specifically required.  In some 
cases, the submission of an individual investigator or single 
institution proposal may be more appropriate.  The decision is 
left to the investigators.  Proposals from traditionally under- 
represented groups and institutions (e.g. - women or minority 
principals or institutions) are encouraged. 
 
All investigators must follow the procedures described below: 
 
Applicants should submit a short (no more than 3 page) planning 
letter to the Program Office of the  SFERPM program at 
NOAA/AOML/OCD in Miami. 
 
Electronic submissions will facilitate review.  If this mechanism 
is chosen please supply text as plain vanilla ASCII (not word 
processor specific) and associated figures as either *.GIF or 
Postscript files.   See VII below for email address. 
 
Hardcopy submissions should be single spaced, typewritten on 8 2 
x 11 inch paper.  All planning letters are to include rationale, 
brief research plans including methods and a preliminary budget. 
A one page curriculum vitae of each of the Principal 
Investigators must be attached. These planning letters will be 
reviewed with the assistance of the SFERPM Technical Advisory 
Panel. 
 
B.  Only when evaluation of planning letters has been completed 
and decisions as to program priorities have been made, will the 
PMC send requests for more detailed (8-10 pages of text) 
proposals to principal investigators. All requests for 
preparation of proposals will include specific technical and 
budgetary guidance.   Suggestions will also be made concerning 
collaboration with other investigators (and agencies) where 
appropriate.   Proposal submissions should then be directed to 
research plans and technical approaches rather than justifying 
the significance of the proposed research. 
 
	Both external peer review and the SFERPM Technical Advisory 
Panel will be used to assist the PMC in determining whether the 
proposals received have been responsive to the requests.  Funding 
decisions will be reported to the Interagency Florida Bay Program 
Management Committee for their review prior to final funding 
decisions. 
 
Each full proposal should include the following: 
 
1.  Cover page 
	As required by the sponsoring organization. 
 
2.  Brief Introduction 
	Describe how the proposal relates to this announcement and 
the implementation plan. 
 
3.  Brief Background/Justification 
 
4.  Research Work plan [the bulk of the proposal] 
 
  a.  Objectives to be achieved or hypotheses to be tested. 
  b.  Detailed sequence of tasks and activities including 
      individual responsibilities in multiple investigators 
      proposals. 
  c.  Methods 
 
5.  Coordination, collaborations with other projects and 
principal investigators. 
 
Describe the relationship and interdependence of the 
projects. 
 
6. Special Budget Items 
 
Describe and justify any special budget items such as: 
 
  o  Permanent equipment over $1,000, travel, subcontracts, etc. 
  o  Subcontracts should have a separate budget page. 
 
7.  Budget 
 
	Each Principal Investigator should have a budget page as 
	well as a cumulative budget for the entire proposal.  Annual 
	work plans and budgets should be prepared for the duration 
	of the proposed study.  A Sea Grant 90-4 form is required 
	for investigators from academic institutions. 
 
C.  How to Submit 
 
Principal Investigators in multi-investigator proposals 
	should submit an original and two copies of the entire 
	proposal with appropriate budget sheets to their sponsoring 
	organization (SO) and simultaneously to the SFERPM  (PMC). 
	For NOAA scientists, the SO is their NOAA line organization. 
 	For academic scientists the SO is either the Sea Grant 
	Program in your state or the NOAA/academic cooperative 
	institute if one has been established at your institution. 
 
 
V.  Obligations of Principal Investigators 
 
Investigators participating in the program must agree to 
undertake the following: 
 
	1.  Participate in meetings for planning and coordination 
	of program activities. This includes participation in the 
	Annual Interagency Florida Bay Science Program Conference 
	and technical workshops sponsored by the Interagency PMC. 
 
	2.  Promptly quality control data and make it available 
	through the SFERPM program data manager to other Florida Bay 
	investigators supported by NOAA and its agency partners. 
 
	3.  Deposit processed field data, if appropriate, in NODC 
	within two years of acquisition. 
 
	4.  Participate in the synthesis and interpretation of 
	research results and the development of products of value to 
	restoration and resource managers. 
 
	5.  Publish research results in the peer-reviewed literature 
	for the benefit of the scientific community. 
 
VI.  Schedule (absolutely no extensions can be granted): 
 
	1.  December 24, 1996 -   Closing date for Planning letters 
	in the SFERPM Program Office 
 
	2.   January 15, 1997 - Planning Letter Review Complete 
 
	3.   January  22, 1997 - Request for proposals with specific 
	directions based on Planning Letter review 
 
	4.  February  14, 1997 - Closing date for Requested 
	proposals submitted to PMC and local Sea Grant Offices 
 
	5.   March 7, 1997 - Notification of awards 
 
VII.  Letter Submissions to: 
 
The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration Prediction 
and Modeling Program Office 
 
c/o Dr. Peter B. Ortner 
AOML/OCD 
4301 Rickenbacker Cy. 
Miami, FL 33149 
 
Voice: 		(305) 361-4380 (AOML/OCD secretary) 
FAX:      	(305) 361-4392 (AOML/OCD) 
email:   	"ortner@aoml.noaa.gov" 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  9 07:35:18 1996 
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Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 19:17:44 +0800 
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        NACA Secretariat <bancht@mozart.inet.co.th>, vinced@univ-perp.fr, 
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        biusing@ppps.po.my 
From: Dr Steve Oakley <soakley@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: CYANIDE, DYNAMITE & LIVE FISH in SE ASIA 
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        I have just caught up with the thread on Cyanide and Dynamite and 
the live fish trade.  I have just returned from a South East Asia regional 
workshop on just that.  Some of the observations and information are 
relevant to anyone who cares about the state of our coral reefs.  Please let 
me share my thoughts and observations and since this is wide ranging please 
reply to the whole list (coral-list or Fish ecology) unless your comment is 
directed only to me personally. 
 
The workshop on aquaculture of coral fishes and sustainable reef fisheries 
was held in Kota Kinabalu and ended on Saturday 7th Dec.  Representatives 
were there from fisheries, aquaculture, conservation and the live fish 
trade.  The organisers and sponsors did a great job and for that I thank them. 
 
Some of the important points that came out of talks, discussion and workshop 
sessions were as follows,   these are my impression only and I do not want 
to represent anyone else.  I hope that there is someone out there who thinks 
this is wrong,  more positive news would be nice. 
 
 
 
1 Overfishing is the problem 
There is severe overfishing for groupers and humphead wrasse from the 
maldives to west pacific islands, from hongkong down to the Australian 
border.  There are few reefs in the Philipines and Indonesia that have 
viable populations of Humphead wrasse (Mauri Wrasse, Napoleon wrasse), 
while  grouper can only be caught in very deep water. In many areas both are 
locally extinct, on the accessible reefs from local overfishing and on 
remote reefs from the livefish trade.  Spawning populations of groupers and 
wrasse are at great risk, they can be wiped out very quickly.  They are 
being wiped out in Micronesia and even in Australia they are under threat. 
 
The reefs are under heavy pressure from hook and line and catches have 
declined. If the conventional fishing is difficult,  for instant 
gratification many fishers use Dynamite (actually fertiliser with an 
explosive cap plus a fuse).  They generally know how destructive this is but 
it also gives them good catches... for a while!    
 
The live fish trade for food fish uses cyanide as a stunning agent and the 
fishers use it only when there is a mechanism to get the fish to market. 
There is also some use of cyanide for food fish to supply the local market. 
However the fishers know how poisonous this is so for food they generally 
stick to the less destructive dynamite.  Cyanide for live fish is usually 
used in squeezy bottle quantities but it definitely kills the surrounding 
corals, there are many reefs which have not been dyanamited so are 
structurally intact but are completely dead. 
Cyanide is also occasionally used for food fish (not Live) in 45gallon oil 
drum quantities, and spread across the whole reef. 
 
There is a social aspect to cyanide use as well as the fisheries aspect, 
there are many decompression accidents and crippled divers, 60m plus on air 
by poor young untrained philipinos often using compressors lubricated with 
engine oil not silicone.  Silicone oil is expensive!!  Plus the risk of 
cyanide poisoning from the daily handling!! 
 
 
2  Aquaculture is a solution but not yet 
some species of grouper can be cultured in good numbers but not the most 
popular, estimates range from 3-10 years to close the cycle.  There has been 
lots of work but survival rates below 8% and disease and other problems occur. 
Wild fry are caught in large numbers to supply fish farms and this is a 
problem but without the aquaculture there will be even greater pressure on 
the wild. And at least aquaculture doesn't use cyanide! 
There is hope  in the form of new capture techniques to  catch the fry at 
younger ages at which point their natural mortaility is so high that removal 
from the population to aquaculture would be much less significant. 
 
The humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is the most prefered species 
There is serious ovefishing, it is most popular fish for live fish trade in 
Singapore & Hongkong,  lips sell for $60 per plate, fish sells for $60-90 
per kg  tastes superb so I've been told 
The species is now apparently included in the iucn red data book as 
vulnerable and apparently is being considered for cites,  (can anyone 
confirm these). 
They spawn in aggregations at fixed locations so are very vulnerable then. 
They are big fish, with a sex change from female to male,  sexually mature 
to female at 11kg doesn't get to male before 20kg (approx =75cm). 
None in the phillipines are sexually mature very few reefs in indonesia have 
mature females & few males,  overfished in micronesia, maldives, thailand 
and sri Lanka. 
 
Regulations exist in most places but enforcement is very difficult. Malaysia 
has banned both cyanide and dynamite but cannot enforce it unless the police 
find the caps in the boat.  Indonesia has banned the capture and export of 
Chelinius but cannot enforce it.  Philippines has set up cyanide detection 
labs and that seems to be working to some extent.   They are a solution for 
any airflown or port exported fish,  There apparently is some good progress 
towards a better test for cyanide. 
 
Aquaculture of Chelinius is not yet possible, the first report of spawning 
in captivity was this year at the fisheries dept in Indonesia. They had a 
0.01% survival by day 15, the eggs and larvae are very small and therefore 
difficult to rear in hatchery conditions.  There is a strong incentive for 
the hatchery which develops the techniques so there is a lot of interest. 
 
Aquaculture for less valuable species was well established and hopefully can 
be introduced at the community level as a source of food and a cash crop to 
take some of the pressure from the coral reef ecosystems. 
 
 
 
3  Banning the trade is not the solution 
        The more expensive the fish the greater the showoff value and thus 
banned fish would just make more money for the middle man because they would 
just be smuggled.  It is not possible to control the export and regulating 
of the import is impossible in HongKong until there is a test for cyanide 
caught fish.  Once there is such a test,  some of the the fish will be 
smuggled and the HK fisheries dept will loose it's information on the scale 
of the problem.   40% of the fish only pass through Hong Kong on the way to 
Mainland China, and we cannot realistically expect the rich cantonese to 
stop eating their favorite foods. 
 
        I don't think I heard any comment that we should ban the live fish 
trade, the fishers need it to make a living.   And if their reefs are given 
a chance to recover then they can catch the prefered fish on hand lines at 
which point the fishery becomes sustainable.  The fishers need to catch less 
because they get paid more.  The Australian GBR example is evidence for 
sustainability. The trade is very valuable but is strictly controlled and 
all capture is done on hook and line. 
 
4 Aquarium fish 
Banning Aquarium fish is not the solution, becaude it is not the problem. 
On a devastated, dynamited cyanide killed reef aquarium fish can still be 
caught, admittedly only the plankton or algal feeders. The fishermen need to 
eat and if they cannot sell the butterfly's & angels then they will cook 
them!  Further, most aquarium fish are caught without cyanide.  Cyanide 
caught fish die 4-6 weeks after capture and the aquarium industry and many 
concerned aid agencies have worked hard to educate collectors.   Some 
villages which catch aquarium fish are active conservationists, It's their 
livelyhood.   This trade can be made sustainable it only requires education 
so don't anyone suggest that it is wrong until they can suggest an 
alternative form of income. 
 
5 Marine reserves  
Marine reserves are part of the solution, they can provide larvae and adults 
to heavil;y fished areas and there need to be many more than there are. 
Big & small are both needed but unfortunately policing and enforcement are 
not easy and the only method that really seeems to work is when the villages 
that use the resource are also the reserve protectors.  They need the 
ownership of the fishing rights and with it the responsibility of 
conservation,  the tragedy of the commons has demonstrated that only too well. 
 
 
6 Outside Help 
 Outsiders supporting reefs, education, enforcement are all part of the 
solution but the biggest problem is poverty combined with no ownership of 
the resource.  How does a remote village stop a life fish transport vessel 
from using cyanide on it's reefs.  Especially when the LFT pays more than 
the villagers have seen.  That's more pairs of shoes, more T shirts, a 
second hand engine. These are hard to resist and once some of the village 
have accepted then it doesn't matter what the rest do, the LFT will catch 
all the fish it wants and then move on leaving behind a dying reef.   
 
  ------------------------------------ 
So what is the solution:  
S1      Yes to more international awareness, more eduction and more support 
from those who have to those who don't.   
S2      We also need to find alternative income for these marginalised 
fishers so that their reefs can recover, here I think we need to promote 
aquaculture at the community level. 
S3      The other pressing need is for governments to release enforcement of 
fishing laws to the resource users. 
S4      And we need to urgently protect and preserve as much of the regions 
reefs as possible especially where the regulations can be enforced. 
S5      and of course we need research because what is known is only the tip 
of the iceberg.  
 
----------------------------------------------------------- 
 
As I said the observations are mine,  the organisers hope to have the 
proceedings out early next year. 
 
 
More details on the live fish trade is available from Carol Fox, Nature 
Conservancy, 1116 Smith St Honolulu, HI 96817 
 
 
Contact Rooney Buising for details of the proceedings at  
biusing@ppps.po.my 
Rooney Biusing  Fisheries Research Center, 89400 Likas, Kota Kinabalu, 
Sabah, MALAYSIA. 
Tel : 088-717077 (h),425677 (o) 425890 (fax 
 
regards 
 
Dr. Steve Oakley,  Shell Prof. of environmental Science, Institute of 
Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation,  Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 
94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia  soakley@tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 
671903  Tel 082 671000 x 254 or 260  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  9 16:30:50 1996 
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Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 14:56:59 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Hofstra job posting 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 10:15:00 -0500 
From: Clay Cook <ccook@HBOI.edu> 
Subject: Hofstra job posting 
 
 
The Hofstra University Marine Laboratory (HUML), in St. Ann's Bay, 
Jamaica, West Indies, is searching for a pair of qualified persons to run 
the laboratory from 1 October 1997 to 31 August 1998 (11 months). 
 
The successful candidates will be responsible for assisting as many as 35 
visiting professors with their courses by giving guest lectures to their 
classes and accompanying them on field trips.  They will also have full 
responsibility for teaching 12-day classes of mature persons 
(Elderhostels).  They will maintain our seawater system and will 
participate in our ongoing research program.  They will have full 
administrative responsibilities, and will be the only Hofstra staff on 
site. 
 
HUML will be entering its 18th year and has grown into a major field 
station.  It consists of a two-story, three-classroom laboratory building, 
a wet laboratory building with a circulating seawater system, a 
library/equipment building, and a 30-room hotel.  The facility is served 
by a fleet of three boats, several buses, and a SCUBA shop. 
 
The lab is surrounded by an extraordinary array of habitats, from the 
three-kilometer long coral reef just offshore to miles of pristine rocky 
shores with extraordinary zonation, to a nearby mangrove swamp.  A tiny 
island lies just offshore.  A short boat ride brings classes to a cave 
containing bats, which can be entered only by snorkeling, a sunken 
shipwreck, walls of live coral, beautiful, palm-fringed coves, and other 
spectacular sites. 
 
This is primarily a teaching facility and the successful candidates should 
have teaching skills and a personality appropriate to the jobs.  The 
salary for the 11-month positions is $6,000 each + all benefits including 
an apartment, board, medical insurance, a 12-day training course (in 
Jamaica), and airfare.  In other words, all expenses are paid and the 
total salary may be saved.  The positions are usually filled by couples 
without children. 
 
For further information send a letter indicating why you believe that you 
are of the "star" calibre capable of assuming this major responsibility 
to: 
 
Dr. Eugene Kaplan Director, HUML Biology Department 114 Hofstra University 
Hempstead, NY 11550-1090 USA e-mail:  bioehk@hofstra.edu 
 
 ---------------------------------------- 
 
 
John F. Morrissey 
Assistant Professor 
Department of Biology 
114 Hofstra University 
Hempstead, NY 11550-1090 
516-463-5517; FAX 516-565-0098 
E-mail: biojfm@hofstra.edu 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec  9 16:34:00 1996 
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Date: Mon, 9 Dec 1996 14:57:52 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: reefs and gis (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961209145729.2151C-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 09 Dec 1996 14:39:40 -0800 
From: brooke peelle <bsp6@cornell.edu> 
Subject: reefs and gis 
 
To whom it may concern: 
I am working on a project that entails digitizing and analizing coral 
reefs on Geographic Information System hardware.  I collected species 
composition data on reefs off of South Caicos, British West Indies, and 
I am using this data to create the maps.  If anyone knows of other coral 
reef work being done with GIS please email me at bsp6@cornell.edu.  I 
would like some outside references for my project and I would also like 
to know if there are any job opportunities for this type of research, 
since I'm going to be graduating in the spring. 
Please forward this message top anyone who might have some relevant 
information concerning coral reef monitoring. Thank you. 
Sincerely, Brooke Peelle 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Fri Dec 10 21:40:47 1996 
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Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 09:55:42 +0800 
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To: ACN-L@pinetree.org, coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, 
        FISH-ECOLOGY@segate.sunet.se 
From: Dr Steve Oakley <soakley@tualang.unimas.my> 
Subject: Re: CYANIDE, DYNAMITE & LIVE FISH in SE ASIA 
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you may be interested in the comment i got personally from gregor in Hong Kong! 
my replies are in CAPITALS 
regards 
                steve oakley 
  
>From: gregorh@HK.Super.NET 
> 
>>I agree with S1-2, especially 2. But in some cases a combination of command  
>>and control enforcement and local enforcement might work best. For example,  
>>Sumilon is often used as a model park, but in fact, when it was turned 
over to  
>>the local people for a period, they plundered it. The best conservation  
>>occured when there was an armed guard from Siliman University stationed on 
the  
>>island. Sometimes the local pressure for short term gains, particularly when  
>>the benefits accrue to a few powerful people, outweighs any reasoned approach. 
 
>>I think S 4 and 5 are really important too. We need to start building some  
>>serious protection ala African game parks. This funding must come from the  
>>west.  
> 
> AGAIN AGREED, MY PAPER AT THE WORKSHOP SAID JUST THAT. 
> 
>The point on research I think should be to encourage more applied  
>>research. The question for example of what effects cyanide fishing has on  
>>coral reefs in actual usage has not been satisfactorily addressed. We keep  
>>hearing about destroyed reefs by cyanide. In my experience, this is not  
>>common. How can we encourage these dusty academics to get out and do 
something  
>>useful before Rome burns to the ground? 
> 
>I DON'T KNOW ABOUT DUSTY BUT I HAVE 3 ONE MONTH EXPEDITIONS AND 4 ONE WEEK 
TRIPS BETWEEN JAN & SEPT TO TRY AND DOCUMENT THE DAMAGE TO THE REEFS OF 
SABAH,  I ALSO HAVE A TV CREW ALONG FOR EACH OF THE 3 ONE MONTH TRIPS,  ANY 
CHANCE YOU OR YOUR STUDENTS WOULD BE INTERESTED 
>SEE OUR WEB PAGE 
> 
>http://www.unimas.my/~nick/marres.htm 
> 
> 
> 
>REGARDS 
> 
> 
>STEVE 
> 
> 
> 
Dr. Steve Oakley,  Shell Prof. of environmental Science, Institute of 
Biodiversity & Environmental Conservation,  Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 
94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia  soakley@tualang.unimas.my  Fax  082 
671903  Tel 082 671000 x 254 or 260  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 11 18:47:21 1996 
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Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 14:51:31 -0800 (PST) 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: nolan@cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan) 
Subject: Coral Reef Ecology CD-ROM Special Offer 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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In anticipation of the International Year of the Reef-1997 program (IYOR), 
for a limited time CORAL-LIST forum members may purchase our Coral Kingdom 
CD-ROM for $49.95 which is $30 off the standard price. This is a limited 
time special introductory offer made only to news lists that focus on 
corals and tropical marine ecology.  It is primarily intended for 
university-level educators, however the program is widely used in secondary 
schools as well.  Offer expires 12/31/96. 
 
CORAL KINGDOM FEATURES 
-------------------------------------- 
 
CD-ROM for Macintosh and Windows with 179 page educator guide. 
 
Thematic Approach to Biology and Ecology: Created by a marine ecologist, 
the software features a tremendous collection of original underwater 
photography to illustrate a thematic approach to the study of reef biology, 
marine ecology and biodiversity. 
 
The software is ideally suited for units on the coral reef or to 
demonstrate the concepts of form and function in adaptations, 
interrelationships between organisms and habitat, competition, predator 
avoidance, energy and materials cycles and human impacts in general biology 
or introductory environmental science, biodiversity or ecology courses. 
 
Missions:  Each of the four units incorporates a hands-on activity to be 
completed by students--either in small groups or individually.  Each 
mission consists of an exploratory microworld intended to stimulate the 
curiosity of students and to engage their interest in the  natural world. 
The methods used by the students at the computer are much like those 
actually employed by a field ecologist. 
 
Each of the four missions takes the user on a research SCUBA dive in which 
he or she controls the direction and pace of the investigation.  The 
procedures to be followed and mission objectives are described in detail 
within the unit sections of the teachers guide and can be  accessed by 
clicking the "?" button during a mission.  An on-line notebook is provided 
in which students store information acquired by clicking  objects on the 
screen during the underwater expedition.  The content of the notebook may 
be saved as a text file, then edited or printed using a word processor 
program. 
 
What the Reviewers Say 
 
"This is the best software I have seen that uses inquiry learning for 
principles of ecology combined with outstanding photography of coral reef 
inhabitants.  The student has to work to collect data and draw 
conclusions." George C. Boone, Ph.D, American Biology Teacher.  "Coral 
Kingdom is a serious academic program.  It asks students to do some real 
scientific thinking."  Technology and Learning.  "If...you are looking for 
thematic units in science, then you should examine Coral Kingdom."  The 
Computing Teacher.  "Stunning visuals, detailed narration and excellent 
supplemental reference materials guide exploration of a coral reef, its 
biology and its ecology.  MacUser "The Ultimate Guide to Children's 
Software" 4 mice. 
 
Extensive reviews and detailed descriptions are available at our Web Site. 
<http://www.cyberlearn.com> 
 
Offer Expires 12/31/96 
 
To take advantage of this special offer, we must receive a purchase order 
or check by December 31st in the amount of $54.95 ($49.95 + $5.00 
shipping).   California purchasers please include 8.25% state tax.  Write 
"CORAL-LIST Special" on P.O. 
 
Send P.O. to 
 
Digital Studios 
209 Santa Clara Avenue 
Aptos, CA 95003 
 
or FAX to 
(408) 688-5738 
 
Any questions call Dr. Ron S. Nolan at (800) 499-3322 or (408) 688-3158. 
 
Happy Holidays 
 
nolan 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 11 23:48:26 1996 
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From: SeaPhD@aol.com 
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Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 23:17:01 -0500 
Message-ID: <961211231700_1187456696@emout01.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: flow velocity meter 
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I am in the early stages of assessing the feasibility of adapting a new 
portable acoustic doppler flow velocity meter to a version that can be used 
by divers.  I have been relating some of my reef research experiences to the 
factory engineers, but I would like to have feedback from other researchers 
who might have additional opinions.  In my opinion, there is a need for 
better portable instrumentation for flow measurements, and the manufacturer 
of this instrument seems to be interested in working with scientists. 
 
I suppose that the best thing to do would be to give some of the capabilities 
of the present instrument, which is presently used while wading.   
 
     The meter presently has...  
              a 7.6 m cable 
              a telescoping (0.5 m to 1.8 m) wading rod for the sensor 
              an ultrasonic doppler sensor (38 mm x 38 mm x 25 mm) 
              a receiving unit/digital display (11.4 cm x 17.8 cm x 15.2 cm) 
              a rechargeable battery for up to 12 hours of continuous use  
              a velocity range of 0.015 to + or - 3 m/s (bidirectional) 
              a velocity resolution of 0.003 m/s 
              minimum particulate level of 100 micron @ 100 ppm 
              overall weight (minus the carrying case) 1.4 kg 
 
I would appreciate any comments on the suitability of the size, weight, 
measurement capabilities, etc. to underwater use by a diver.  I would also be 
interested in what people consider to be a reasonable cost for such an 
instrument.  The wading model will sell for about $3500 (US), but the diving 
model could differ considerably, depending on demand and features.  Please 
feel free to e-mail comments to me directly, or, if you are aware of a 
similar instrument, I would like to know about it. 
 
                                                   Thanks, 
 
                                                   Randy, J. Runnels (e-mail: 
 SeaPhD@aol.com) 
                                                   Marine Education & 
Research Specialties, Inc. 
                                                   P.O. Box 10517 
                                                   Tampa, Florida  33679-0517 
 
                                                   Phone (813)254-5970 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 11 23:48:59 1996 
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From: SeaPhD@aol.com 
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Date: Wed, 11 Dec 1996 23:22:29 -0500 
Message-ID: <961211232226_1254451400@emout14.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: correction on flow meter 
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My apologies for some incorrect information on that acoustic doppler flow 
meter.  The estimated cost of the wading version is around $2500, not $3500. 
 
                                                         Randy Runnels 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 12 01:15:28 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: bobjoh@netspace.net.au (Bob Johannes) 
Subject: cyanide and the live reef fish trade 
Cc: Fisheries Social Science Network <FISHFOLK@mitvma.mit.edu> 
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Those following the current discussion among coral-list and Fisheries 
Social Science Network members concerning cyanide and the live reef fish 
trade may be interested in the following sources of information. 
 
1.A 33,000 word review, entitled ENVIRONMENTAL, ECONOMIC, AND SOCIAL 
IMPLICATIONS OF THE LIVE REEF FISH TRADE IN ASIA AND THE WESTERN PACIFIC by 
Robert E. Johannes and Michael Riepen is available via internet. 
Go to http://www.tnc.org/infield/State/Hawaii 
Double click on the "Asia/Pacific Programs" button. 
A synopsis of the report will appear along with the phrase:  "For more 
technical information about the live reef fish trade, see (the report 
title)."  Double click on the  title and the full report will come up.  The 
user can either print it or save it. 
 
2.The subject has received a crescendo of publicity during the past year (a 
4-page spread in TIME, several CNN interviews, major coverage in the New 
York Times and LA Times, 2 pages in New Scientist, two programs on Voice of 
America, many articles in dive magazines etc.etc.) As a result, efforts to 
combat the deplorable environmental and social effects of this 
billion-dollar-plus trade and put it on a sustainable basis are 
accelerating on various fronts. (There is no cause for complacency, 
however; the challenges are complex and prodigious). To help people keep up 
with developments, the South Pacific Commission and The Nature Conservancy 
now produce a twice-yearly Information Bulletin on Live Reef Fish 
(focussing on the environmental impacts of the capture, culture and trade 
of not only live reef food fish, but also marine aquarium fish).  Anyone 
wishing  receive this publication free should contact Jean Paul Gaudechoux 
<JPG@spc.org.nc>. Anyone interested in making written contributions to it 
should contact me. 
 
Bob Johannes 
 
R. E. Johannes Pty Ltd. 
8 Tyndall Court, Bonnet Hill, Tasmania 7053, Australia 
Phone 03  62298 064  -  Fax 03 62298 
066 
>From overseas,  Phone 61 3  62298 064  -  Fax 61 3 62298 066 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 12 14:43:09 1996 
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Date: Thu, 12 Dec 1996 13:56:37 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961212135430.9633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 12 Dec 96 12:04:21 GMT 
From: Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
Subject: re: Marine Protected Areas 
 
Regarding the request for marine protected areas info in the Caribbean: 
 
You can get lists of marine protected areas by country for the entire 
region (or anywhere else in the world) from the WCMC Protected Areas 
Database.  These lists can be generated on the web at: 
http://www.com.org:80/marine/data/ 
 
If anyone notices mistakes or ommissions in these lists please forward 
corrections to me. 
 
Best wishes 
 
Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 13 12:35:53 1996 
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Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 11:00:46 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: replying to messages 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961213105621.11633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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Greetings! 
 
	I would like to ask that all coral-listers please double-check on 
their "To: " line when they respond to messages posted on coral-list, 
before posting them.  Simply pressing "R" for "Reply", depending on your 
news-reader, may send the message to the majordomo trash-heap instead of 
to your intended recipient, whether it be a single person, or the 
coral-list itself. 
 
	Thank you very much for your cooperation. 
 
	Cheers, 
 
	JCH 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Mon Dec 13 16:05:04 1996 
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Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 15:20:06 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: LANDSAT Postdoc: coastal/aquatic remote sensing position (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 13 Dec 1996 15:03:43 -0500 (EST) 
From: Frank Muller-Karger (U. South FLorida / Marine Sci.) 
 <carib@marine.usf.edu> 
Subject: LANDSAT Postdoc: coastal/aquatic remote sensing position (fwd) 
 
________________________________________________________________________ 
                   PLEASE POST  AND/OR  PASS ON 
________________________________________________________________________ 
 
 
           Postdoctoral Position available to work on the 
 
                     NASA-LANDSAT Science Team: 
 
                        Coastal Applications 
                              Component 
 
                    University of South Florida 
 
 
NASA has provided support for a Postdoctoral Fellow to work with the 
LANDSAT Science Team component addressing remote sensing applications of 
the coastal zone. The position is available at the University of South 
Florida, and the Postdoctoral Fellow would work with Frank Muller-Karger 
and Kendall Carder of the Department of Marine Science (St. Petersburg, 
Florida). 
 
Interested applicants should have a strong background in radiative 
transfer theory, remote sensing applications, and in developing and 
carrying out validation campaigns. Applicants with a working and 
programming knowledge of Unix C, C++, and FORTRAN are encouraged to apply. 
Familiarity with IDL, ERDAS Imagine, and ARC-INFO is a definite plus. The 
incumbent will have the opportunity to work on atmospheric as well as 
aquatic issues relevant to processing of the LANDSAT data in coastal 
zones, will work using field as well as airborne and satellite 
hyperspectral data, and participate in defining the requirements for 
future LANDSAT systems. 
 
The Postdoctoral Fellow will participate in LANDSAT activities which are 
an integral component of the Earth Observing System, a program within 
NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. 
 
The University of South Florida is an equal opportunity/affirmative action 
employer. Women and minorities are encouraged to apply. 
 
For information, please contact: 
Frank Muller-Karger 
carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu 
(813) 893-9186 / FAX: (813) 893-9103 
 
or 
 
Kendall Carder 
kcarder@marine.usf.edu 
(813)  893-9148 
 
Address: 
University of South Florida 
Department of Marine Science 
140  7th Ave. South 
St Petersburg, FL 33701 
 
http://marine.usf.edu 
 
__________________________________ FMK ________________________________________ 
 
 
Frank Muller-Karger			Remote Sensing/Biological Oceanogr. 
Department of Marine Science 
University of South Florida		Phone: (813) 553-3335 (Off.) 
140 7th Ave. South			       (813) 893-9186 (Lab.) 
St Petersburg, FL 33701			FAX:   (813) 893-9103 
 
                                        << carib@carbon.marine.usf.edu >> 
_______________________________________________________________________________ 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 09:09:50 1996 
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Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 10:42:17 -0600 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Osha Gray Davidson <osha@pobox.com> 
Subject: Indonesian corals 
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Greetings--I'm trying to get information on studies of reefs around Nusa 
Lembongan (just east of Bali) and immediately around Sarappo in the 
Spermonde Archipelago off of Ujung Pandang (Sulawesi). In Nusa Lembongan 
things appeared surprisingly good with many healthy-looking areas of what I 
think were Goniopora. Can anyone confirm this (or set me right)? Sarappo 
looked pretty bad--not unexpectedly--but I'd like to know if someone has 
done recent work there quantifying conditions. 
Cheers, 
Osha Gray Davidson 
14 S. Governor St. 
Iowa City, IA 52240 
USA 
+++++++++++ 
PH: (319) 338-4778 
FAX: (319) 338-8606 
e-mail: osha@pobox.com 
Center for International and Comparative Studies, University of Iowa 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 09:24:41 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 08:50:09 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199612150050.IAA17485@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Reef Check Error Correction 
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For the Reef Check protocol, the cumulative length of transects and  
inter-transect spaces is 95 m (not 105 m as posted). 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
reply to: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 09:43:32 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 00:53:32 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199612141653.AAA26574@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Reef Check Draft Protocols 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Reef Check 1997 Draft Protocols 
 
Site selection: choose reef sites that are considered to be the 
best available, with high coral cover and dense fish populations. 
Demonstrating anthropogenic impacts at these sites will reinforce 
the message that even the best sites are showing wear and tear. 
Survey locations should be marked on a chart and submitted. 
 
Basic design: two 20 m long line transects at both 3 m and 10 m 
depth below Chart Datum or low low water, and two 20 m long 
transects at -4 and -11 m depth. The transects should follow the 
designated depth contour one after the other i.e. the -10 and -11 
m transects should not be parallel. Start and end points should 
be separated by 5 m, so the distance between the start of the 
first transect and end of the last will be 20 + 5 + 20 + 5 + 20 
+ 5 + 20 = 105 m. 
 
Substrate types including coral cover: Point sampling will be 
done along each transect to characterize the substrate types. A 
nail or other sharp object will be tied onto a 1 m long string 
and dropped at each 0.5 m along the line and the substrate type 
under the tip of the nail recorded as follows: 
 
Hard coral 
Soft coral 
Dead coral (still standing and intact) 
Fleshy seaweed 
Rock 
Rubble 
Sand 
Silt/clay 
Other 
 
 
The four line transects also will be used as belt transects and 
surveyed for indicator organisms and objects. Each belt transect 
will have the dimensions of 2.5 m on either side of the transect 
line, or 5 m wide, and (for fish) at most 5 m above the transect 
line. Counts will be made of the following: 
 
Whole world: 
Diadema long-spined black sea urchins 
Lobster 
Trash 
Recently broken coral (anchor, blast, divers) (estimate area) 
 
Indo-Pacific: 
Tridacna giant clams (give size) 
Trochus shells 
Edible beche-de-mer (sea cucumbers), trepang, holothurians 
Acanthaster (Crown of thorns starfish) 
Triton shell Charonia tritonis 
 
Caribbean: 
Queen conch Strombus gigas 
Helmut conch Cassis madagascariensus 
 
 
 
 
Fish transects: 
 
The same belt transects will be used as above. A buddy pair of 
divers will do the survey, one behind the other. At least 15 
minutes should have elapsed since the last disturbance prior to 
starting the survey. The leader will swim slowly along the 
transect and then will stop to count and size target fish every  
5 m, and wait at least 5 minutes for target fish to come out of 
hiding, before proceeding to next stop point. 
 
Target fish: 
 
Indo-Pacific 
Any grouper/coral trout over 30 cm 
Barrimundi cod Cromileptes altivelis 
Sweetlips Plectorhincus spp. 
Humphead (Napolean) wrasse Cheilinus undulatus 
Bumphead parrotfish Bolbometapon muricatum 
(Note: off-transect records of the wrasse and the parrotfish will 
be accepted). 
 
Caribbean: 
Nassau Grouper 
Any grouper over 30 cm 
Sweetlips (Haemulidae) 
 
 
Gregor Hodgson, PhD 
Reef Check Coordinator 
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 
Hong Kong 
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk 
Fax: (852) 2358-1582 
Tel: (852) 2358-8568 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 10:09:34 1996 
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Date: Sat, 14 Dec 1996 14:50:09 -0500 (EST) 
From: "John Garver, Union" <garverj@unvax.union.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.92.961213105621.11633D-100000@coral.aoml.noaa.gov> 
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I recently visited the Bahamian Field Station on San Salvador Island, in  
the eastern Bahamas.  On October 19, 1996, San Salvador Island was  
directly hit by Hurricane Lili with winds up to 110 mph.  During my visit  
with students in early December, I encountered many effects of the  
Hurricane on the reefs, beaches, and lagoons.   
 
Based on photographs and on-site descriptions, I have recently prepared  
"Some effects of Hurricane Lili on San Salvador Island, Bahamas" which is  
on the internet. 
 
Many researchers and field trip leaders who bring students to the  
Bahamian Field Station are, of course, interested in the aftermath.  This  
short note is for those researchers and educators that have visited or  
will visit the Island. 
 
In this short note, I mainly focus on the geologic effects of Hurricane  
Lili, but as you will see, some of the focus is on damage to coral.  The  
report contains the following sections:  
 
Introduction 
General observations 
Hurricane track and Intensity 
Photographs of the effects of Lili 
	Severe damage to trees at high elevations 
	Extensive salt-spray and wind damage 
	Coral damage 
	Coral Rubble washover and Beach Erosion 
	Washover of sand into a nearby lagoon 
	Damage to houses 
Conclusions 
 
 
The document is located at: 
http://zircon.geology.union.edu/carb/hurricane/damage 
 
Regards, 
John Garver 
Associate Professor 
Union College 
Schenectady NY 12308 
USA 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 10:15:04 1996 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 00:57:15 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199612141657.AAA26687@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Reef Check Update II 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Reef Check Update II 
 
Purpose: 
 
Reef Check 1997 is a global volunteer effort by groups of divers 
led by experienced marine scientists to carry out targetted, 
scientifically based, coral reef surveys. These special surveys 
will use the most simple techniques possible to determine whether 
specific human impacts have affected coral reefs. The ultimate 
goal is to generate publicity for coral reef research and 
conservation by demonstrating that reefs around the world, 
possibly including those believed to be relatively "pristine," 
have been affected by human activities. 
 
Organisation: 
 
Reef Check 1997 is an official International Year of the Reef 
activity designed by IYOR committee members. It has been 
enthusiatically supported by hundreds of scientists and divers 
around the world. Due to the unexpectedly large numbers of groups 
interested in participating in Reef Check, we are currently 
dividing up responsibility for Reef Check among several regional 
centers. We are planning two centers in the US, one in UK, one 
in Germany, one in Hong Kong, and one in Australia. We would 
welcome volunteers to create additional regional centers in other 
parts of the world e.g. Africa, South America, Central America. 
Due to the size of the operation, Reef Check headquarters has 
been moved to the Institute for Environmental Studies at the Hong 
Kong University of Science and Technology. We are currently in 
the process of hiring staff to maintain the database and respond 
to inquiries. 
 
Timing: 
 
Reef Check was originally planned to be completed in June 1997, 
however, for a variety of reasons, we have accepted 
recommendations that we change the plan slightly. The revised 
Reef Check schedule will open the field monitoring operations on 
Ocean Day, 14 June 1997, and field work may be carried out up to 
the end of August 1997. The planned reporting period will be 
during the first week of September 1997. We are currently 
negotiating with various PR groups and television companies to 
help disseminate our message worldwide. We would like to have 
spokespeople around the world who can be interviewed live in 
various languages. We would also hope to get some real-time 
underwater coverage of human impacts on coral reefs. A detailed 
reporting schedule will be released once these negotiations have 
been completed. 
 
Field Methods: 
 
The draft Reef Check Core methods have been posted in a separate 
message. Care has been taken to try to match these methods as 
closely as possible with existing methods, especially the 
Australian-ASEAN and ICLARM Aquanaut protocols. However, due to 
the narrow focus of the Reef Check project to detect human 
impacts, there are some differences, mainly simplifications. For 
example, there is no reason to record coral growth forms for Reef 
Check and this parameter has been omitted. But methods to count 
a number of commonly harvested reef organisms such as lobster and 
grouper have been included. If anyone has strong feelings that 
we have omitted something, or ought to reconsider any method, 
please let us know. 
     In addition to the Core Methods, any additional survey work 
that groups feel like doing can be carried out. If the results 
are pertinent to the theme of Reef Check, they may be adopted or 
at least reported to the media as an extra. 
 
Data Processing: 
 
Each diver group will be responsible for processing its own data. 
This will be a very simple procedure of generating count 
summaries, totals and means. These will be submitted to regional 
centers for compilation, and finally to headquarters. For the 
purpose of PR we do not envisage carrying out a great deal of 
high powered statistics, but rather reporting percentages of 
reefs around the world affected by various types of human 
impacts. The data will however have scientific value and will be 
available for all to work with in more detail. Permission will 
be sought from all groups to allow us to prepare a summary paper. 
 
Eligibility: 
 
Each Reef Check group will consist of a minimum of one qualified 
reef scientist who can recognise the organisms listed in the 
protocols, and a group of divers who can be trained to carry out 
most of the work. The methods have been designed to be as simple 
as possible so that high school students can participate. A 
practical group size would be 4 pairs of divers, 1 pair per 
transect, however, larger or smaller groups could be accomodated. 
Divers should be sufficiently experienced that they are able to 
perform simple work underwater. It is up to the scientific leader 
to decide if the group members are adequately qualified to 
undertake the work. Group leaders should carefully check what the 
liability may be in their area, and may need to take precautions 
such as asking participants to sign liability waivers for this 
volunteer activity. 
 
Available Sites/ Groups: 
 
A list of survey sites and groups will be posted in January. New 
groups should try to choose new sites to avoid overlap and 
increase coverage.  
 
Inquiries: 
 
Please send inquiries to  (But note that office will not be 
manned until 1 January): 
 
Gregor Hodgson, PhD 
Reef Check Coordinator 
Institute for Environmental Studies 
HK University of Science and Technology 
Clearwater Bay, Kowloon 
Hong Kong 
e-mail: rcgregor@usthk.ust.hk 
Fax:  (852) 2358-1582 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 11:20:40 1996 
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From: Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
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Date: Mon, 16 Dec 96 15:18:13 GMT 
Subject: Marine Protected Areas 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Last week I sent information about our Marine Protected Areas web-site and  
gave a wrong address.  Many apologies for this and for wasting people's time!  
The correct URL is: 
 
	http://www.wcmc.org.uk:80/marine/data/ 
 
Best wishes 
 
Mark Spalding 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Thu Dec 16 11:31:17 1996 
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Date: Sun, 15 Dec 1996 11:53:58 -0500 (EST) 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 14 Dec 1996 14:50:09 -0500 (EST) 
From: "John Garver, Union" <garverj@unvax.union.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@aoml.noaa.gov> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Hurricane Lili/San Salvador 
 
 
I recently visited the Bahamian Field Station on San Salvador Island, in 
the eastern Bahamas.  On October 19, 1996, San Salvador Island was 
directly hit by Hurricane Lili with winds up to 110 mph.  During my visit 
with students in early December, I encountered many effects of the 
Hurricane on the reefs, beaches, and lagoons. 
 
Based on photographs and on-site descriptions, I have recently prepared 
"Some effects of Hurricane Lili on San Salvador Island, Bahamas" which is 
on the internet. 
 
Many researchers and field trip leaders who bring students to the 
Bahamian Field Station are, of course, interested in the aftermath.  This 
short note is for those researchers and educators that have visited or 
will visit the Island. 
 
In this short note, I mainly focus on the geologic effects of Hurricane 
Lili, but as you will see, some of the focus is on damage to coral.  The 
report contains the following sections: 
 
Introduction 
General observations 
Hurricane track and Intensity 
Photographs of the effects of Lili 
	Severe damage to trees at high elevations 
	Extensive salt-spray and wind damage 
	Coral damage 
	Coral Rubble washover and Beach Erosion 
	Washover of sand into a nearby lagoon 
	Damage to houses 
Conclusions 
 
 
The document is located at: 
http://zircon.geology.union.edu/carb/hurricane/damage 
 
Regards, 
John Garver 
Associate Professor 
Union College 
Schenectady NY 12308 
USA 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 18 13:08:48 1996 
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Date: Wed, 18 Dec 1996 11:39:49 -0500 (GMT) 
From: Carlos Enrique Barcenas <cebarcen@sinsa.univalle.edu.co> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: information on books 
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Hello to everyone: 
 
I need to buy books about coral fishes, related to ageing by otolith 
analisis and early life history, if anyone knows this information I be 
very gratefull, if you want you can write me personally to my E-mail 
adress. 
 
thank you all. 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Carlos Enrique Barcenas			Tel. (+57-2)339-3243 
Departamento de Biologia			    889-8498 
Universidad del Valle			Fax. (+57-2)889-8477 
Apartado Aereo 25360 
Cali, Colombia (S.Am.)			E-Mail:cebarcen@sinsa.univalle.edu.co 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 18 15:57:30 1996 
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Date: Wed, 18 Dec 1996 15:00:42 -0500 (EST) 
From: William Allison <wra@zoo.toronto.edu> 
Subject: RE. e-mail addresses for coral researchers 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
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Hi. I am finishing up an in-depth  
evaluation of the accuracy,  
precision and cost-efficiency of the line-intercept transect reef survey  
methodology. It would be useful for me to tie a few ends together by  
e-mail, but I have very few addresses (although I have snail mail  
addresses). There must be a list out there, non? If you could forward  
such a list to me I would appreciate it. In particular, at this moment, I  
wish to contact Richard E. Dodge (Barbados). Mark Chiapponne (USA), and A.J.  
Uychiaoco (Philippines). 
 
Thanks 
 
William Allison 
 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sat Dec 18 21:06:58 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: nolan@cyberlearn.com (Ron S. Nolan) 
Subject: RE. e-mail addresses for coral researchers/Transect Methodology 
Cc: William Allison <wra@zoo.toronto.edu> 
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William, 
 
As part of a post-doc at the University of Hawaii, I did a study on 
transect methodology for reef fishes in which a team surveyed a small, 
linear lava flow reef, then another team speared off selected species of 
butterflyfishes, followed by another team which re-surveyed the reef.  I 
left academia for enterprise shortly thereafter so the study was never 
published, but I could probably find the ms if you would like to see it. 
 
In our Coral Kingdom CD-ROM, kids follow a transect line to make 
observations.  If you teach any introductory courses you might be 
interested in taking a look at it <http:www.cyberlearn.com>. 
 
Regards 
 
nolan 
Digital Studios 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 19 11:04:59 1996 
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Date: Thu, 19 Dec 1996 09:48:15 -0400 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Lotus Arrieta Vermeer <lotus@sunbeach.net> 
Subject: water quality 
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Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
"stressed"? 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Lotus A. Vermeer 
Bellairs Research Institute 
St. James, Barbados, West Indies 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 19 13:18:05 1996 
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Date: Thu, 19 Dec 1996 14:57:32 -0300 (GRNLNDST) 
From: Francisco Kelmo O dos Santos <kelmo@ufba.br> 
To: Lotus Arrieta Vermeer <lotus@sunbeach.net> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: water quality 
In-Reply-To: <1.5.4.32.19961219134815.00674690@sunbeach.net> 
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Dear all, 
 
I would appreciate receiving these informations too. 
Regards, 
Francisco Kelmo. 
******************************************************************* 
**                    Prof.Francisco Kelmo                       ** 
**        Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biologia      ** 
**         Universidade Federal da Bahia - Campus de Ondina      ** 
**         Av. Adhemar de Barros s/n. Salvador-Bahia-BRAZIL      ** 
**                      cep. 40170-290                           **  
**         fax:+55 071 2456909  Ph: +55 071 2473810/2473744      ** 
**                   e-mail:Kelmo@ufba.br                        ** 
******************************************************************** 
 
On Thu, 19 Dec 1996, Lotus Arrieta Vermeer wrote: 
 
> Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
> provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
> the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
> level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
> "stressed"? 
>  
> Many thanks, 
>  
> Lotus A. Vermeer 
> Bellairs Research Institute 
> St. James, Barbados, West Indies 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 19 17:58:03 1996 
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Date: Fri, 20 Dec 1996 11:20:14 +0200 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: vanessa.craig@stonebow.otago.ac.nz (Vanessa Craig) 
Subject: benthic-feeding fish 
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I am interested in finding out the current research being conducted on 
benthic-feeding fish in tropical reefs and/or lagoons.  If anyone is 
currently working in this area, please could I beg a few minutes of your 
time to let me know where your research is being conducted and very briefly 
what your research entails. 
 
Thanks alot 
 
Vanessa Craig 
 
 
From hendee@aoml.noaa.gov Sun Dec 19 18:01:50 1996 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
From: Alina Szmant <aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu> 
Subject: Re: water quality 
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Dear Ms. Vermeer: 
 
These are not simple questions with simple answers.  There is no ONE 
concentration of any of those variables that consitutes stress.  It takes 
LOADS of chlorophyll to decrease the amount of light available to benthic 
producers such as corals and reef algae, and corals do fine under higher 
chlorophyll conditions (e.g. East coast of Africa during monsoon) and 
actually get covered up by algae during the worst of the monsoon.  If 
nutrient concentrations are elevated occasionally, as happens naturally, the 
reef absorbs the nutrients into their normal trophic dynamics and are the 
better off for it.  It's only when 'elevated' (I cannot provide  absolute 
numbers, but reef water usually in the 10 - 20 uM TN and 0.1-0.5 uM TP) 
concentrations occur much of  the time and the grazers cannot keep up with 
the production, that the reef becomes nutrient stressed [it takes MUCH 
higher concentrations to physiologically stress the corals themselves; it's 
the biological interactions that get upset by elevated nutrients]; the 
problem is compounded if there is harvesting or die-off of grazers (such as 
the Diadema die-off).  In the Caribbean, all the reefs are heavily 
over-fished (estimates of 10-20 % of natural fish densities), so the trophic 
dynamics are very unbalanced. 
 
Hope this helps.  Please do not be mesmerized by the few investigators that 
are going around preaching for a "threshold" concept.   There are no data to 
support it and many that refute it. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Alina Szmant 
 
At 09:48 AM 12/19/96 -0400, you wrote: 
>Can anyone refer me to recent studies which have been conducted which 
>provide indications of what total nitrogen and total phosphorous values in 
>the water column are considered "stressful" to coral reefs, and/or at what 
>level of chlorophyll-a in the water column are coral reefs considered to be 
>"stressed"? 
> 
>Many thanks, 
> 
>Lotus A. Vermeer 
>Bellairs Research Institute 
>St. James, Barbados, West Indies 
> 
> 
> 
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**********************************************