-CITE-
    18 USC CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP             01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
                 CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP             

-MISC1-
    Sec.                                                     
    1421.       Accounts of court officers.                           
    1422.       Fees in naturalization proceedings.                   
    1423.       Misuse of evidence of citizenship or naturalization.  
    1424.       Personation or misuse of papers in naturalization
                 proceedings.                                         
    1425.       Procurement of citizenship or naturalization
                 unlawfully.                                          
    1426.       Reproduction of naturalization or citizenship papers. 
    1427.       Sale of naturalization or citizenship papers.         
    1428.       Surrender of canceled naturalization certificate.     
    1429.       Penalties for neglect or refusal to answer subpena.   

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1421                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1421. Accounts of court officers

-STATUTE-
      Whoever, being a clerk or assistant clerk of a court, or other
    person charged by law with a duty to render true accounts of moneys
    received in any proceeding relating to citizenship, naturalization,
    or registration of aliens or to pay over any balance of such moneys
    due to the United States, willfully neglects to do so within thirty
    days after said payment shall become due and demand therefor has
    been made, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more
    than five years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a)(34), (d) and (l) of section 746 of title
    8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch.
    876, Sec. 346(a)(34), (d), (l), 54 Stat. 1167, 1168).
      Minor changes in phraseology only were made.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1422                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1422. Fees in naturalization proceedings

-STATUTE-
      Whoever knowingly demands, charges, solicits, collects, or
    receives, or agrees to charge, solicit, collect, or receive any
    other or additional fees or moneys in proceedings relating to
    naturalization or citizenship or the registry of aliens beyond the
    fees and moneys authorized by law, shall be fined under this title
    or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a)(33), (d), (l) of section 746 of title 8,
    U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876,
    Sec. 346(a)(33), (d), (l), 54 Stat. 1167, 1168).
      Minor changes in phraseology were made.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1423                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1423. Misuse of evidence of citizenship or naturalization

-STATUTE-
      Whoever knowingly uses for any purpose any order, certificate,
    certificate of naturalization, certificate of citizenship,
    judgment, decree, or exemplification, unlawfully issued or made, or
    copies or duplicates thereof, showing any person to be naturalized
    or admitted to be a citizen, shall be fined under this title or
    imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a)(14), (b), (d) of section 746 of title 8,
    U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876,
    Sec. 346(a)(14), (b), (d), 54 Stat. 1165, 1167).
      Section consolidates subsections (a) paragraph (14), (b), (d),
    and the general punishment provision of section 746 of title 8,
    U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality.
      The reference "for the purpose of voting" was omitted as
    surplusage being embraced in the all-inclusive phrase "for any
    purpose."
      Changes in phraseology were made.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1424                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1424. Personation or misuse of papers in naturalization
      proceedings

-STATUTE-
      Whoever, whether as applicant, declarant, petitioner, witness or
    otherwise, in any naturalization or citizenship proceeding,
    knowingly personates another or appears falsely in the name of a
    deceased person or in an assumed or fictitious name; or
      Whoever knowingly and unlawfully uses or attempts to use, as
    showing naturalization or citizenship of any person, any order,
    certificate, certificate of naturalization, certificate of
    citizenship, judgment, decree, or exemplification, or copies or
    duplicates thereof, issued to another person, or in a fictitious
    name or in the name of a deceased person - 
      Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than five
    years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsection (a) pars. (6)(a), (b), (15), (b), (d) of
    section 746 of title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality
    (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, Sec. 346(a), pars. (6), (15), (b), (d), 54
    Stat. 1164, 1165, 1167).
      Section consolidates, with minor verbal changes, subsections (a),
    pars. (6)(a), (b), (15), (b), (d), and the general punishment
    provision of section 746 of title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and
    Nationality.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000" in last par.

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1425                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1425. Procurement of citizenship or naturalization unlawfully

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever knowingly procures or attempts to procure, contrary
    to law, the naturalization of any person, or documentary or other
    evidence of naturalization or of citizenship; or
      (b) Whoever, whether for himself or another person not entitled
    thereto, knowingly issues, procures or obtains or applies for or
    otherwise attempts to procure or obtain naturalization, or
    citizenship, or a declaration of intention to become a citizen, or
    a certificate of arrival or any certificate or evidence of
    nationalization or citizenship, documentary or otherwise, or
    duplicates or copies of any of the foregoing - 
      Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25
    years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of
    international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this
    title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a
    drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this
    title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense,
    if the offense was not committed to facilitate such an act of
    international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years
    (in the case of any other offense), or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 766; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L.
    104-208, div. C, title II, Sec. 211(a)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 110
    Stat. 3009-569; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4002(a)(3),
    Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a) pars. (2)-(5), (7), (b), and (d) of
    section 746 of Title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality
    (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, Sec. 346(a), pars. (2)-(5), (7), (b), (d),
    54 Stat. 1163, 1164, 1167).
      Section consolidates five similar paragraphs, and the punishment
    provisions of subsection (d) of said section 746 of title 8,
    U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality, with minor necessary
    changes in translations and phraseology. Numerous references to
    aiding and assisting were omitted as unnecessary as such persons
    are principals under definitive section 2 of this title.
      Words "a certificate of arrival or" were inserted before "any
    certificate" in subsection (b), so as to remove any doubt as to
    scope of section.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Pub. L. 107-273 substituted "to facilitate" for "to
    facility" in last par.
      1996 - Pub. L. 104-208 substituted "imprisoned not more than 25
    years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of
    international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this
    title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a
    drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this
    title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense,
    if the offense was not committed to facility such an act of
    international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years
    (in the case of any other offense)" for "imprisoned not more than
    five years" in last par.
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000" in last par.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 applicable with respect to offenses
    occurring on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 211(c) of Pub. L.
    104-208, set out as a note under section 1028 of this title.

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1426                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1426. Reproduction of naturalization or citizenship papers

-STATUTE-
      (a) Whoever falsely makes, forges, alters or counterfeits any
    oath, notice, affidavit, certificate of arrival, declaration of
    intention, certificate or documentary evidence of naturalization or
    citizenship or any order, record, signature, paper or proceeding or
    any copy thereof, required or authorized by any law relating to
    naturalization or citizenship or registry of aliens; or
      (b) Whoever utters, sells, disposes of or uses as true or
    genuine, any false, forged, altered, antedated or counterfeited
    oath, notice, affidavit, certificate of arrival, declaration of
    intention to become a citizen, certificate or documentary evidence
    of naturalization or citizenship, or any order, record, signature
    or other instrument, paper or proceeding required or authorized by
    any law relating to naturalization or citizenship or registry of
    aliens, or any copy thereof, knowing the same to be false, forged,
    altered, antedated or counterfeited; or
      (c) Whoever, with intent unlawfully to use the same, possesses
    any false, forged, altered, antedated or counterfeited certificate
    of arrival, declaration of intention to become a citizen,
    certificate or documentary evidence of naturalization or
    citizenship purporting to have been issued under any law of the
    United States, or copy thereof, knowing the same to be false,
    forged, altered, antedated or counterfeited; or
      (d) Whoever, without lawful authority, engraves or possesses,
    sells or brings into the United States any plate in the likeness or
    similitude of any plate designed, for the printing of a declaration
    of intention, or certificate or documentary evidence of
    naturalization or citizenship; or
      (e) Whoever, without lawful authority, brings into the United
    States any document printed therefrom; or
      (f) Whoever, without lawful authority, possesses any blank
    certificate of arrival, blank declaration of intention or blank
    certificate of naturalization or citizenship provided by the
    Immigration and Naturalization Service, with intent unlawfully to
    use the same; or
      (g) Whoever, with intent unlawfully to use the same, possesses a
    distinctive paper adopted by the proper officer or agency of the
    United States for the printing or engraving of a declaration of
    intention to become a citizen, or certificate of naturalization or
    certificate of citizenship; or
      (h) Whoever, without lawful authority, prints, photographs, makes
    or executes any print or impression in the likeness of a
    certificate of arrival, declaration of intention to become a
    citizen, or certificate of naturalization or citizenship, or any
    part thereof - 
      Shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25
    years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of
    international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this
    title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a
    drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this
    title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense,
    if the offense was not committed to facilitate such an act of
    international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years
    (in the case of any other offense), or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L.
    104-208, div. C, title II, Sec. 211(a)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 110
    Stat. 3009-569; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4002(a)(3),
    Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a) pars. (8)-(12), (16), (17), (20)-(29),
    (b), (d), (l) of section 746 of Title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens
    and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch. 876, Sec. 346(a) pars. (8)-
    (12), (16), (17), (20)-(29), (b), (d), (l), 54 Stat. 1164-1168).
      Sections consolidates numerous similar paragraphs with necessary
    changes in phraseology and translations.
      References to persons causing, procuring, aiding, abetting, or
    assisting were omitted as unnecessary, such persons being
    principals under definitive section 2 of this title.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Pub. L. 107-273 substituted "to facilitate" for "to
    facility" in last par.
      1996 - Pub. L. 104-208 substituted "imprisoned not more than 25
    years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of
    international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this
    title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a
    drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this
    title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense,
    if the offense was not committed to facility such an act of
    international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years
    (in the case of any other offense)" for "imprisoned not more than
    five years" in last par.
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000" in last par.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 applicable with respect to offenses
    occurring on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 211(c) of Pub. L.
    104-208, set out as a note under section 1028 of this title.


-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      Functions of all other officers of Department of Justice and
    functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, with a
    few exceptions, transferred to Attorney General, with power vested
    in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his
    functions by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by
    Reorg. Plan No. 2 of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R.
    3173, 64 Stat. 1261, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees.

    ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF
                                 FUNCTIONS
      For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer
    of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out
    under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1427                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1427. Sale of naturalization or citizenship papers

-STATUTE-
      Whoever unlawfully sells or disposes of a declaration of
    intention to become a citizen, certificate of naturalization,
    certificate of citizenship or copies or duplicates or other
    documentary evidence of naturalization or citizenship, shall be
    fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 25 years (if the
    offense was committed to facilitate an act of international
    terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this title)), 20 years (if
    the offense was committed to facilitate a drug trafficking crime
    (as defined in section 929(a) of this title)), 10 years (in the
    case of the first or second such offense, if the offense was not
    committed to facilitate such an act of international terrorism or a
    drug trafficking crime), or 15 years (in the case of any other
    offense), or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147; Pub. L.
    104-208, div. C, title II, Sec. 211(a)(2), Sept. 30, 1996, 110
    Stat. 3009-569; Pub. L. 107-273, div. B, title IV, Sec. 4002(a)(3),
    Nov. 2, 2002, 116 Stat. 1806.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a) par. (13), (d) of section 746 of title
    8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940, ch.
    876, Sec. 346(a)(13), (d), 54 Stat. 1165, 1167).
      Minor changes were made in phraseology.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      2002 - Pub. L. 107-273 substituted "to facilitate" for "to
    facility".
      1996 - Pub. L. 104-208 substituted "imprisoned not more than 25
    years (if the offense was committed to facilitate an act of
    international terrorism (as defined in section 2331 of this
    title)), 20 years (if the offense was committed to facilitate a
    drug trafficking crime (as defined in section 929(a) of this
    title)), 10 years (in the case of the first or second such offense,
    if the offense was not committed to facility such an act of
    international terrorism or a drug trafficking crime), or 15 years
    (in the case of any other offense)" for "imprisoned not more than
    five years".
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1996 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 104-208 applicable with respect to offenses
    occurring on or after Sept. 30, 1996, see section 211(c) of Pub. L.
    104-208, set out as a note under section 1028 of this title.

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1428                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1428. Surrender of canceled naturalization certificate

-STATUTE-
      Whoever, having in his possession or control a certificate of
    naturalization or citizenship or a copy thereof which has been
    canceled as provided by law, fails to surrender the same after at
    least sixty days' notice by the appropriate court or the
    Commissioner or Deputy Commissioner of Immigration, shall be fined
    under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 62 Stat. 767; Pub. L. 103-322, title
    XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K), Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)


-MISC1-
                       HISTORICAL AND REVISION NOTES                   
      Based on subsections (a) par. (31), (b), (d) of section 746 of
    title 8, U.S.C., 1940 ed., Aliens and Nationality (Oct. 14, 1940,
    ch. 876, Sec. 346(a) par. (31), (b), (d), 54 Stat. 1167).
      Subsection (b) of said section 746 of title 8 is the authority
    for inserting "or a copy thereof" after "citizenship."
      Changes were made in phraseology.

                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".


-TRANS-
                           TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS                       
      Functions of all other officers of Department of Justice and
    functions of all agencies and employees of such Department, with a
    few exceptions, transferred to Attorney General, with power vested,
    in him to authorize their performance or performance of any of his
    functions by any of such officers, agencies, and employees, by
    Reorg. Plan No. 2, of 1950, Secs. 1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R.
    3173, 64 Stat. 1261, set out in the Appendix to Title 5, Government
    Organization and Employees.

    ABOLITION OF IMMIGRATION AND NATURALIZATION SERVICE AND TRANSFER OF
                                 FUNCTIONS
      For abolition of Immigration and Naturalization Service, transfer
    of functions, and treatment of related references, see note set out
    under section 1551 of Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

-End-



-CITE-
    18 USC Sec. 1429                                            01/03/2007

-EXPCITE-
    TITLE 18 - CRIMES AND CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
    PART I - CRIMES
    CHAPTER 69 - NATIONALITY AND CITIZENSHIP

-HEAD-
    Sec. 1429. Penalties for neglect or refusal to answer subpena

-STATUTE-
      Any person who has been subpenaed under the provisions of
    subsection (d) of section 336 of the Immigration and Nationality
    Act to appear at the final hearing of an application for
    naturalization, and who shall neglect or refuse to so appear and to
    testify, if in the power of such person to do so, shall be fined
    under this title or imprisoned not more than five years, or both.

-SOURCE-
    (Added June 27, 1952, ch. 477, title IV, Sec. 402(b), 66 Stat. 276;
    amended Pub. L. 97-116, Sec. 18(u)(1), Dec. 29, 1981, 95 Stat.
    1621; Pub. L. 101-649, title IV, Sec. 407(c)(21), Nov. 29, 1990,
    104 Stat. 5041; Pub. L. 103-322, title XXXIII, Sec. 330016(1)(K),
    Sept. 13, 1994, 108 Stat. 2147.)

-REFTEXT-
                            REFERENCES IN TEXT                        
      Subsection (d) of section 336 of the Immigration and Nationality
    Act, referred to in text, is classified to section 1447(d) of Title
    8, Aliens and Nationality.


-MISC1-
                                AMENDMENTS                            
      1994 - Pub. L. 103-322 substituted "fined under this title" for
    "fined not more than $5,000".
      1990 - Pub. L. 101-649 substituted "an application" for "a
    petition".
      1981 - Pub. L. 97-116 substituted "subsection (d)" for
    "subsection (e)".

           EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1990 AMENDMENT; SAVINGS PROVISIONS       
      Amendment by Pub. L. 101-649 effective Nov. 29, 1990, with
    general savings provisions, see section 408(a)(3) and (d) of Pub.
    L. 101-649, set out as a note under section 1421 of Title 8, Aliens
    and Nationality.

                     EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1981 AMENDMENT                 
      Amendment by Pub. L. 97-116 effective Dec. 29, 1981, see section
    21(a) of Pub. L. 97-116, set out as a note under section 1101 of
    Title 8, Aliens and Nationality.

-End-