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============= Transaction # 3 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 5 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-10709</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EBHC6AE5FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
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<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
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<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
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============= Transaction # 6 ==============================================
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</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 7 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 8 ==============================================
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208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 9 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 10 ==============================================
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<PROFILE>_AN-EBHC6AE5FT</PROFILE>
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208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 11 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 12 ==============================================
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<DOCNO>FT941-10709</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EBHC6AE5FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 13 ==============================================
Transaction #:     13       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-10268</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CBGA3AA0FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>920
207
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  07 FEB 92 / Technology (Worth Watching): Relief i
n sight for asthma sufferers </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DELLA BRADSHAW </BYL
INE>
<TEXT>
A BREAKTHROUGH in the treatment of severe asthma could open up t
he way for a
new range of anti-asthma drugs.
Doctors at the Royal Brompton N
ational Heart & Lung Hospital and the London
Chest Hospital have found that 
cyclosporin A, a drug used to suppress organ
rejection after transplant surg
ery, produced a marked improvement in chronic
asthma sufferers.
At the momen
t most patients need high doses or oral steroids, which can
produce side eff
ects.
The cyclosporin A drug works by suppressing the T lymphocyte immune ce
lls in
the body. Researchers at the Royal Brompton hospital have suspected f
or some
time that these white blood cells play an important role in causing

asthmatic symptoms.
The results of their research, published in this week's 
The Lancet, mean
drugs could be developed in the future which treat asthma e
ffectively but
are less toxic and more selective than today's treatments.
Ro
yal Brompton Hospital: UK, 071 352 8121.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </
PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 10 Illustration (Omitted). </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 14 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT932-3240</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DFOCRAE8FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9306
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 JUN 93 / UK Company News: Fisons launches asthm
a drug in US </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By PAUL ABRAHAMS </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
FISON
S, the healthcare and scientific instruments group, yesterday began
marketin
g Tilade, an asthma treatment, in the US.
'This is Fisons' last throw of the
 dice to remain a viable pharmaceutical
entity,' said Mr Paul Woodhouse, dru
gs analyst at Smith New Court. 'They
have to make this launch work'. The com
pany is co-promoting the product with
Rhone-Poulenc Rorer.
The groups aim to
 position the product for those with mild asthma who use a
bronchodilator, s
uch as Ventolin, more than three times a week. Whereas
bronchodilators help 
improve symptoms, Tilade is designed to treat the
underlying inflammation.
F
isons is co-promoting Azmacourt, RPR's inhaled steroid medicine, which is
de
signed for patients using bronchodilators more than three times a day.
US do
ctors have been reluctant to prescribe inhaled steroids because of
potential
 side-effects.
'The group has a window of opportunity to establish this drug
 before safer
second-generation inhaled steroids come on the market,' said M
r Woodhouse.
Tilade was approved by the Food and Drug Administration in Janu
ary, but
Fisons waited for the results of a further clinical trial to show i
t was
more effective than Intal, its other asthma treatment.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Co
mpanies:-
</XX>
<CO>Fisons.
    Rhone-Poulenc Rorer.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries:-

</XX>
<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
    USZ  United States of America.
</CN>

<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Ty
pes:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  Products & Product use.
    CMMT  Comment & Analysis.

</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 23 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 15 ==============================================
Transaction #:     15       Transaction Code:  38 (Record Deselected)      

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-10709</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EBHC6AE5FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 16 ==============================================
Transaction #:     16       Transaction Code:  31 (Save Records Cancelled) 

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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============= Transaction # 17 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 18 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 19 ==============================================
Transaction #:     19       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-10709</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EBHC6AE5FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
208
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 FEB 94 / UK Company News: Glaxo asthma drug wi
ns US approval </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DANIEL GREEN </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Glax
o has belatedly won US approval for one of its most important products
of th
e 1990s, the inhaled asthma treatment Serevent.
The US Food and Drug Adminis
tration had been expected to approve the drug in
December and Glaxo shares f
ell when this did not happen.
After Serevent's approval yesterday, the share
s rose 15p to end the day with
a net fall of 2p at 664p.
The drug is importa
nt to Glaxo because it is a successor to Ventolin, the
long standing big sel
ler in asthma treatment. Such respiratory treatments
are second in importanc
e only to ulcer drugs in Glaxo's therapeutic
portfolio, accounting for almos
t one quarter of total sales.
The older drug has now lost much of its patent
 protection and the company is
relying on Serevent to underpin its position 
in the market.
The drug was approved in Europe in 1991 and should eventually
 reach sales of
Pounds 350m a year, according to James Capel, the broker. In
 the last full
year, Serevent sold Pounds 73m while Ventolin sales were wort
h Pounds 484m.
The drug had a setback last month, however, when Italian gove
rnment
healthcare reforms favoured Ventolin by excluding Serevent from a lis
t of
drugs the government would pay for. Glaxo lodged an appeal against the

ruling.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH  P
roducts & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 20 ==============================================
Transaction #:     20       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT934-8312</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DKPCNAEUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9311
16
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  16 NOV 93 / International Company News: Two Glaxo 
drugs to face Astra challenge </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By PAUL ABRAHAMS </BYL
INE>
<TEXT>
ASTRA, the Swedish pharmaceuticals group, is in the final stages
 of
developing treatments to compete with two of Glaxo's top-selling drugs.

The company said it planned to submit its first dossier for its Turbuhaler
d
evice containing a generic version of Glaxo's Ventolin, the world's
best-sel
ling asthma treatment, by the end of the year.
It claimed the Turbuhaler was
 far more effective at delivering the drug into
the lungs than traditional i
nhalers. Ventolin generated sales for Glaxo last
year of Pounds 484m (Dollar
s 731m).
Astra did not say when it would submit a dossier to the Food and Dr
ug
Administration in the US, the world's largest market. It is also planning
 to
submit dossiers for Turbuhaler generic versions of Boehringer Ingelheim'
s
Attovent, and Ciba's Foradil, a product licensed from Yamanouchi.
Glaxo sa
id the Turbuhaler's ability to increase drug volumes reaching the
lungs was 
immaterial because the medicine's concentration could easily be
increased to
 compensate without risk of side-effects.
The company already markets its ow
n dry-powder disk inhaler and is
developing additional asthma delivery syste
ms. It admitted Ventolin, known
as Volmax in North America, had not had any 
generic inhaled competition so
far in the US.
The Swedish group also said th
at in 1995 it would submit the first dossier
for the eradication of helicoba
cter pylori, a bacterium that causes peptic
ulcers, using its anti-ulcer dru
g Losec and an antibiotic, amoxycillin.
A large proportion of Glaxo's sales 
of Zantac, the world's best-selling
drug, are to prevent the recurrence of u
lcers. If the combination is
effective and adopted by doctors it could have 
an adverse impact on Zantac
sales, which represent 44 per cent of Glaxo grou
p turnover.
Glaxo is developing its own eradication therapy using Zantac.
</
TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Astra Holdings.
    Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<
XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>SEZ  Sweden, West Europe.
    GBZ  United Kingdom,
 EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
  
  P3841 Surgical and Medical Instruments.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>TECH 
 Products & Product use.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London
 Page 28 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 21 ==============================================
Transaction #:     21       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-3241</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DIOCVABUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9309
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 SEP 93 / World Trade News: Victory for Glaxo on
 asthma drug in US </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By PAUL ABRAHAMS </BYLINE>
<TEXT>

GLAXO, Europe's biggest pharmaceutical group, will continue not to face
gen
eric competition in the US against its second best-selling drug,
Ventolin, f
ollowing a meeting of two Food and Drug Administration advisory
committees y
esterday.
The committees, covering pulmonary and oncology affairs, and gener
ic
products, concluded they could not yet agree a way for generic companies 
to
produce versions of off-patent asthma treatments delivered through inhale
rs.
Although Ventolin is off-patent in the US, there is no method for generi
cs
groups to manufacture a device that delivers the correct dosage into the

lungs.
The two bodies were concerned about both the safety and efficacy of g
eneric
inhaled asthma products. They decided further work was required to cr
eate
the protocols for generic devices to be licensed.
The decision is posit
ive for Glaxo, and Schering-Plough of the US, whose
drug Proventil was also 
being considered.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Glaxo Holdings.
</CO>
<
XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industri
es:-
</XX>
<IN>P2834 Pharmaceutical Preparations.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<
TP>COMP  Company News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London P
age 10 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 22 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 23 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 24 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 25 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 26 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 27 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 28 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 29 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 32 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT942-9487</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EEPCBAA8FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9405
16
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  16 MAY 94 / International Press Review: A death to
 prompt French regrets  -British Politics </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By Our Cor
respondents </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
It is very rare for the death of a politician t
o be commemorated in an
editorial on the prestigious front page of Le Monde,
 the bastion of the
French political press: all the rarer if the deceased wa
s foreign, not
French, and in opposition.
Yet Le Monde's leader writers deci
ded that John Smith merited such a tribute
and summed up their conclusions a
bout the consequences of his sudden death
in the headline - 'British Disarra
y'.
Mr Smith himself was described in a separate story in the flowery style

characteristic of French journalism as 'a devout presbyterian and opera
love
r. . . his sober appearance and heavy physique, hiding a surprising
intellec
tual agility'.
Le Figaro, the conservative daily, devoted nearly a page to '
John Smith:
Convincing and Competent'. It also alluded to the more raffish s
ide of the
former Labour leader by noting, approvingly, that it was he who h
ad ordered
a bottle of champagne on the night before he died at the end of a
 meeting on
the European elections with Mr Michel Rocard, the French sociali
st leader.
Liberation, the left-liberal daily, also made reference to the ch
ampagne
interlude. It quoted a Rocard aide as describing Mr Smith as having 
been 'on
good form, relaxed, cheerful, but also alert' on that night.
Mr Roc
ard himself was generous in his praise when reflecting upon Mr Smith
in a Fr
ench radio interview. 'It was John Smith who convinced me that there
could b
e a Europe with Britain,' he said.
The Japanese media generally reported the
 death of Mr Smith as a significant
blow not only to the Labour party but to
 UK politics as a whole. The TV
Tokyo network said the loss of Mr Smith, who
se personal popularity was seen
as a significant factor behind Labour's rece
nt favourable ratings, has left
the party in a difficult position. Mainichi 
Shimbun, a national daily -
whose headline 'Party Leader Smith Dies Suddenly
' is printed above -
foreshadowed the battle within the Labour party to succ
eed Mr Smith: 'The
death of Mr Smith is likely to have an effect not only on
 the Labour party
but on British politics as a whole.
'The Conservative part
y chose Mr John Major as leader, after it was led by a
very strong leader, M
rs Margaret Thatcher, and is always struggling with the
problem of internal 
dissension. Similarly, it is questionable whether the
Labour party will find
 a leader as strong as Mr Smith and it is possible
that both the Conservativ
es and Labour will enter a leaderless period.'
The UK Press Association head
line, 'John Smith's death stuns the world', may
have been understandable, bu
t it was also hyperbolic, at least as far as the
US media was concerned. The
 main TV network Thursday evening news programmes
all recorded Mr Smith's de
ath, but relatively briefly and in the second half
of their 30-minute broadc
asts.
The leading newspapers treated the story respectably. Both The New Yor
k
Times and the Washington Post did not start their coverage on their front

pages beyond putting little boxes there drawing attention to stories in
thei
r foreign news sections.
The Times ran two items from its London bureau - a 
straightforward news
story on the details of Mr Smith's death and reactions 
to it, plus a more
analytical piece on the political consequences for the La
bour and
Conservative parties. The Post combined both elements in a single p
iece.
In general, the recent twists and turns of UK politics are not followe
d
minutely in the US media, perhaps understandably so. This stands in sharp

contrast to the UK press's fascination with every minute and salacious
detai
l of President Clinton's private life.
Not one of the 46 national and region
al newspapers in Germany spared any
editorial space for the former leader of
 the Labour party on the day after
his death, focusing instead on an unevent
ful two-day visit by President
Boris Yeltsin, the affairs of the new Italian
 government and interest rates.
The only UK event to stir interest on Friday
 was a few lines on 'mad cow'
beef in the Schwabische Zeitung. Most papers m
erely recorded Smith's death,
sometimes on inside pages.
'The best prime min
ister Labour never had,' was how the Frankfurter
Allgemeine Zeitung put it, 
drawing the parallel with Hugh Gaitskell's sudden
death in 1963. 'While he m
ay not have been a brilliant speaker, the Scottish
lawyer radiated statesman
-like authority which one often misses in his
opponent, John Major.'
The lef
t-leaning Frankfurter Rundschau made most of how Smith had added
colour to t
he party: 'He infused the party with his own quiet
self-confidence; his humo
ur, his advocate's intellect and strict morality
presented Labour with an at
tractive advertisement for the 90s.'
Compiled by Alice Rawsthorn in Paris, M
ichiyo Nakamoto in Tokyo, Jurek
Martin in Washington and Michael Lindemann i
n Bonn.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>FRZ  France, EC.
    JPZ  Japan, 
Asia.
    GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
    USZ  United States of America.
    DE
Z  Germany, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P8651 Political Organizati
ons.
    P2711 Newspapers.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>PEOP  People.
    CM
MT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London 
Page 6 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 33 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 34 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 35 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 36 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 37 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 38 ==============================================
Transaction #:     38       Transaction Code:  14 (Search Results Displayed)

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============= Transaction # 39 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 40 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 41 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 42 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 43 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-2390</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CIRBKAAAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 92 / World News in Brief: Bear kills touris
t </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
British tourist Trevor Perry-Lancaster, 46, from Winche
ster, was attacked
and killed by a grizzly bear as he prepared to set up cam
p in Jasper
National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains near Calgary, Alb
erta. His
wife was also injured in the attack. The bear was later shot dead 
by park
wardens.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 44 ==============================================
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<DOCNO>FT924-12197</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJVB5AA9FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
022
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  22 OCT 92 / British tourist killed by gunmen on E
gypt tour </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By TONY WALKER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    CAI
RO </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
A BRITISH tourist was killed and two wounded yesterday
 when gunmen opened
fire on a tour bus near the southern Egyptian town of As
siut - a hotbed of
Islamic extremism.
An official in Assiut said the woman t
ourist had died of wounds in hospital.
The incident could hardly be a worse 
advertisement for Egypt's lucrative
tourist industry expected to be worth so
me Dollars 3bn this year.
Tourism is easily the hard-pressed country's main 
foreign exchange earner.
Yesterday's shooting followed a similar episode ear
lier this month when
Moslem militants fired automatic weapons at a Nile crui
ser with German
tourists on board.
Egyptian police said that gunmen ambushed
 the tour bus near the town of
Dayrut, some 270km south of Cairo. Dayrut has
, for months, been the focus of
a bitter feud between Islamic militants and 
security forces, marked by
persistent violence.
The Egyptian government has 
been battling a resurgent Islamic movement whose
activities were brought int
o sharper focus by the recent earthquake, with
the authorities accusing fund
amentalists of seeking to exploit the tragedy
for political purposes.
Distur
bances on the streets of Cairo last weekend, apparently inspired by
Islamic 
militants and in which government relief efforts were openly
criticised, hav
e been regarded as an ominous development.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> International 
Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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p in Jasper
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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p in Jasper
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<PAGE> London Page 
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</DOC>

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p in Jasper
National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains near Calgary, Alb
erta. His
wife was also injured in the attack. The bear was later shot dead 
by park
wardens.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak, trying to reass
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A British tourist was killed recently and five Ge
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> International 
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18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 93 / Sun still shines for big bucks tourism
: Damian Fraser finds Florida little shaken by murders among holiday-makers 
</HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAMIAN FRASER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
THE MURDER of nine
 foreign visitors in a year is the stuff of public
relations nightmares for 
every tourist destination. Florida reached that
unenviable record on Tuesday
, with the killing of the British holiday-maker
Mr Gary Colley. It is waitin
g anxiously for the full impact on its premier
industry.
Florida is the worl
d's most popular tourist spot, having overtaken
California last year. A litt
le more than 41m tourists - about 36m Americans
and 7m foreigners - came to 
the Sunshine State last year, some 2 per cent
more than the year before.
Tou
rism is also Florida's largest industry. Tourist spending was Dollars
31bn (
Pounds 20.1bn) last year, or 22 per cent of the total in the state.
Florida 
authorities are the first to admit the negative publicity from the
killings 
will have some short-term impact. Mr Greg Farmer, commerce
secretary, says t
he industry might suffer a 15-25 per cent decline this
year. Of particular c
oncern is the booming convention business, which
received 680,000 delegates 
last year. 'They look for safety,' says Mr
Crotts, 'and the perception is Fl
orida is not safe'.
Travel agents expected the biggest impact in the oversea
s market, the
fastest-growing segment of the tourist industry. They spoke of
 the immediate
reduction in bookings from German-speaking countries, and exp
ected the UK
tabloid newspaper coverage of the murder of Mr Colley to have i
ts effect on
the UK market. With more than 1m tourists to Florida annually, 
the UK sends
the largest number of its citizens to the state after Canada.
T
he immediate problem is not cancellations. These are unlikely just now,
give
n the deposits tourists pay, but the winter season, for which bookings
are n
ow being made, is another matter.
The overseas tourists will be further put 
off by the appreciation of the
dollar against European currencies. The Assoc
iation of British Travel Agents
(Abta) expects growth of UK tourism to Flori
da to slow to single digits per
cent this year, from 22 per cent growth last
 year.
But the Abta doubts there will be a decline of UK tourism, since most

would-be tourists realise that the odds against them being subject to a
cri
me remain long.
Local economists likewise doubt the impact of recent murders
 will be
'catastrophic', as Mr Farmer put it. Florida has enormous advantage
s -
winter sun, beaches, the world's best theme parks in Orlando, and a huge

amount of repeat business from Americans with homes or relatives in the
sta
te.
Florida has established a critical mass of highly competitive tourist
se
rvices that offer some of the cheapest and best-value accommodation in the
w
orld.
The state boasts varied attractions. Miami, notwithstanding all its da
ngers,
has become a commercial hub of the Americas, with companies such as A
T&T and
General Motors setting up regional Latin American headquarters in th
e city.
Orlando brings in mainly US tourists, though Europeans are catching 
up
quickly (growing by 32 per cent last year). Much safer than Miami, Orland
o
attracts families and increasingly businessmen at conventions.
As the stat
e's most important industry, tourism enjoys privileges. Hundreds
of murders 
of locals barely raise an eyebrow in the state but the killing of
Mr Colley 
and, last week, that of the German Mr Uwe-Wilhelm Rakebrand, set
off a massi
ve campaign to promote tourist safety, including 24-hour patrols
of highway 
rest areas, plain-clothes police searching for lost tourists, and
free telep
hone advice to tourists.
Fear is not yet deterring investors. This week, Uni
versal Studios voted with
its cheque book on the future of Florida's tourism
 industry by announcing an
estimated Dollars 3bn expansion in Orlando, inclu
ding a Jurassic Park theme
park, hotels, a convention centre and golf course
s.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<
XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs
.
    P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT
  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge 3 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<PROFILE>_AN-EKBD9ABKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
102
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  02 NOV 94 / British tourists are set free </HEADL
INE>
<BYLINE>    By SHIRAZ SIDHVA </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    NEW DELHI </DATELI
NE>
<TEXT>
Three British tourists - Paul Ridout, Christopher Croston and Rhy
s Partridge
 -held hostage by Kashmiri militants were freed by Indian police
 yesterday,
less than 24 hours after the authorities discovered they had bee
n kidnapped.
Two policemen and one kidnapper were killed in a 20-minute pre-
dawn shootout
after Uttar Pradesh state police stormed a militant hideout in
 Saharanpur,
near New Delhi, to rescue the Britons. Police believe three mor
e militants
were involved in the kidnapping and have launched a massive hunt
 to trace
them. The three were handed over to the British High Commission ye
sterday.
Al Hadeed, a hitherto unknown militant group, had left a note at th
e BBC
office in New Delhi on Monday afternoon, demanding the release of eigh
t
Kashmiri militants or threatening to kill the three British hostages.
Poli
ce said they were able to locate the Britons so swiftly because of a
tip-off
 from Mr Bela Joseph Nuss, an American tourist whom they rescued by
coincide
nce in Ghaziabad on the outskirts of Delhi on Monday.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries
:-
</XX>
<CN>INZ  India, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Publi
c Order and Safety, NEC.
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<XX>
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<TP>PEOP  People.
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<P
UB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 7 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 58 ==============================================
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<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    ABIDJAN </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
AN
GOLAN opposition leader Jonas Savimbi said yesterday his former rebels
were 
not responsible for the deaths of four British travellers killed in an
ambus
h, Reuter reports from Abidjan.
However, Mr Savimbi, head of the Unita movem
ent, also said at a press
conference in the Ivory Coast that while he deplor
ed the killing of
tourists, he did not think it was wise for foreigners to t
ravel in a country
which had just ended a civil war. He blamed robbers for t
he attack, near a
base where thousands of former Unita rebels are confined.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 60 ==============================================
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<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    ABIDJAN </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
AN
GOLAN opposition leader Jonas Savimbi said yesterday his former rebels
were 
not responsible for the deaths of four British travellers killed in an
ambus
h, Reuter reports from Abidjan.
However, Mr Savimbi, head of the Unita movem
ent, also said at a press
conference in the Ivory Coast that while he deplor
ed the killing of
tourists, he did not think it was wise for foreigners to t
ravel in a country
which had just ended a civil war. He blamed robbers for t
he attack, near a
base where thousands of former Unita rebels are confined.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 61 ==============================================
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0
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<HEADLINE> FT  30 DEC 94 / World News in Brief: Holidaymakers kill
ed </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Five British tourists on a skiing holiday were killed 
in a road accident
near Nice, southern France.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX
>
<CN>FRZ  France, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Order 
and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
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<TP>NEWS  General News.
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<PUB
>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 62 ==============================================
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<DOC>
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<DATE>930
726
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By Agencies </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A BOMB injured three foreign touri
sts and a Turk at a tourist site in
central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re
port.
It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre
ats by
the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri
st
sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK.
Armed PKK 
rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in
south-eastern 
Turkey.
In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t
own of
Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai
n were
killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed
 the
PKK for the attack.
Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li
tter basket under an
automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha
ghia Sophia
Cathedral.
The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were
 all slightly injured.
No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t
he world's most
celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture.
</TEXT>
<XX>

Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>TRZ  Turkey, Middle East.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</X
X>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
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<TP>NEWS
  General News.
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 3 <
/PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 63 ==============================================
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726
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<HEADLINE> FT  26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By Agencies </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A BOMB injured three foreign touri
sts and a Turk at a tourist site in
central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re
port.
It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre
ats by
the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri
st
sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK.
Armed PKK 
rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in
south-eastern 
Turkey.
In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t
own of
Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai
n were
killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed
 the
PKK for the attack.
Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li
tter basket under an
automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha
ghia Sophia
Cathedral.
The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were
 all slightly injured.
No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t
he world's most
celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture.
</TEXT>
<XX>

Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>TRZ  Turkey, Middle East.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</X
X>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS
  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 3 <
/PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 64 ==============================================
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<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A man believed to be a Moslem milita
nt stabbed and wounded three Russian
tourists yesterday at a marketplace in 
Port Said, Egypt, Reuter reports
quoting security oficials. On Wednesday a B
ritish woman was killed and two
British men wounded when gunmen ambushed the
ir safari vehicle in Upper
Egypt.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
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============= Transaction # 65 ==============================================
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<HEADLINE> FT  22 NOV 93 / World News in Brief: 115 killed in Mac
edonia aircrash </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
All but one of the 116 people aboard a Ma
cedonian airliner were killed when
it crashed into a hill and exploded near 
the tourist resort of Ohrid.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>YUZ  Yugosla
via, East Europe.
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afety, NEC.
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<PUB>The 
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<PAGE> Frankfurt Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 66 ==============================================
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edonia aircrash </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
All but one of the 116 people aboard a Ma
cedonian airliner were killed when
it crashed into a hill and exploded near 
the tourist resort of Ohrid.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>YUZ  Yugosla
via, East Europe.
</CN>
<XX>
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</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and S
afety, NEC.
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<PAGE> Frankfurt Page 1 </PAGE>
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============= Transaction # 67 ==============================================
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edonia aircrash </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
All but one of the 116 people aboard a Ma
cedonian airliner were killed when
it crashed into a hill and exploded near 
the tourist resort of Ohrid.
</TEXT>
<XX>
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</XX>
<CN>YUZ  Yugosla
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============= Transaction # 68 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 69 ==============================================
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DLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MARK NICHOLSON </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    CAIRO </DATELIN
E>
<TEXT>
A BOMB explosion damaged seven empty tour buses parked yards away 
from the
Egyptian Museum in Cairo's busiest square yesterday, one of a serie
s of
attacks a week after Egyptian security forces launched a tough crackdow
n on
suspected Islamic militants.
Tourists had left the buses for the Egypti
an Museum, one of Cairo's most
popular attractions, just 100 yards away. No 
one claimed responsibility. But
it appeared a defiant gesture from Islamic m
ilitants who have waged sporadic
attacks on tourist targets for much of the 
past year - considerably hurting
Egypt's precious tourism earnings.
The expl
osion took place during the midday rush in Tahrir Square, scene last
month o
f a coffee-shop bombing which killed three.
It came in the teeth of tightene
d security at all Egypt's tourist centres
and intensified operations against
 suspected members of the Gama'a
al-Islamiyya, the underground Islamic group
 behind most recent attacks.
Bus drivers in Tahrir Square said their vehicle
s had been searched for bombs
just 30 minutes before the blast.
An explosive
 device was also found and defused in a building housing
'foreign experts' i
n a central Cairo suburb, according to the semi-official
al-Ahram news agenc
y.
Meanwhile, militants launched three bomb attacks on police in Aswan, the

tourist centre in Upper Egypt where police last week stormed a mosque and
sh
ot dead nine alleged members of the Gama'a al-Islamiyya.
The clashes follow 
a week of incidents as Egyptian security forces have
followed up the Aswan r
aid and simultaneous dawn raids last week on eight
alleged militant hideouts
 in Cairo in which a total of 23 people died.
A total of 35 thirty-five alle
ged militants were arrested and one policeman
killed during a security sweep
 in Assiut, Upper Egypt, on Monday, the same
day security forces were report
ed to have rounded up 424 people in
Alexandria.
The US embassy on Monday cal
led in around 40 members of the US business
community to discuss security, f
ollowing a threat earlier this month by
Gama'a al-Islamiyya to attack foreig
n investments.
The embassy stressed only that businesses should step up rout
ine
precautions.
'There was no recommendation to leave Egypt or take any dra
stic measures,'
said one businessman present.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>

<CN>EGZ  Egypt, Africa.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Orde
r and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>PEOP  Personnel News.
    GO
VT  Government News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internatio
nal Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 70 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-10100</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EKMASAA3FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
112
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  12 NOV 94 / Gambian rebellion put down </HEADLINE
>
<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    BANJUL </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
Ga
mbia's young military rulers yesterday foiled a coup attempt by junior
army 
officers in the west African tourist haven in which three plotters were
kill
ed in a shootout. Lieutenant Yahya Jammeh, the 29-year-old military
strongma
n who toppled veteran president Sir Dawda Jawara in a bloodless coup
in July
, accused the officers of plotting to install a government with no
civilians
 and planning to blow up fuel storage tanks if they failed. Some
130,000 tou
rists, half of them British, flock to Gambia's palm-fringed
Atlantic beaches
 each year. A Britannia Airways Boeing 767 flight en route
to Gambia turned 
back yesterday after the Foreign Office advised Britons not
to visit the cou
ntry.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>GMZ  Gambia, Africa.
</CN>
<XX>
Ind
ustries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9711 National Security.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NE
WS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 3
 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-12197</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJVB5AA9FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
022
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  22 OCT 92 / British tourist killed by gunmen on E
gypt tour </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By TONY WALKER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    CAI
RO </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
A BRITISH tourist was killed and two wounded yesterday
 when gunmen opened
fire on a tour bus near the southern Egyptian town of As
siut - a hotbed of
Islamic extremism.
An official in Assiut said the woman t
ourist had died of wounds in hospital.
The incident could hardly be a worse 
advertisement for Egypt's lucrative
tourist industry expected to be worth so
me Dollars 3bn this year.
Tourism is easily the hard-pressed country's main 
foreign exchange earner.
Yesterday's shooting followed a similar episode ear
lier this month when
Moslem militants fired automatic weapons at a Nile crui
ser with German
tourists on board.
Egyptian police said that gunmen ambushed
 the tour bus near the town of
Dayrut, some 270km south of Cairo. Dayrut has
, for months, been the focus of
a bitter feud between Islamic militants and 
security forces, marked by
persistent violence.
The Egyptian government has 
been battling a resurgent Islamic movement whose
activities were brought int
o sharper focus by the recent earthquake, with
the authorities accusing fund
amentalists of seeking to exploit the tragedy
for political purposes.
Distur
bances on the streets of Cairo last weekend, apparently inspired by
Islamic 
militants and in which government relief efforts were openly
criticised, hav
e been regarded as an ominous development.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 73 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-2390</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CIRBKAAAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 92 / World News in Brief: Bear kills touris
t </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
British tourist Trevor Perry-Lancaster, 46, from Winche
ster, was attacked
and killed by a grizzly bear as he prepared to set up cam
p in Jasper
National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains near Calgary, Alb
erta. His
wife was also injured in the attack. The bear was later shot dead 
by park
wardens.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 74 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-2521</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DISAKAATFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9309
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 93 / Sun still shines for big bucks tourism
: Damian Fraser finds Florida little shaken by murders among holiday-makers 
</HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAMIAN FRASER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
THE MURDER of nine
 foreign visitors in a year is the stuff of public
relations nightmares for 
every tourist destination. Florida reached that
unenviable record on Tuesday
, with the killing of the British holiday-maker
Mr Gary Colley. It is waitin
g anxiously for the full impact on its premier
industry.
Florida is the worl
d's most popular tourist spot, having overtaken
California last year. A litt
le more than 41m tourists - about 36m Americans
and 7m foreigners - came to 
the Sunshine State last year, some 2 per cent
more than the year before.
Tou
rism is also Florida's largest industry. Tourist spending was Dollars
31bn (
Pounds 20.1bn) last year, or 22 per cent of the total in the state.
Florida 
authorities are the first to admit the negative publicity from the
killings 
will have some short-term impact. Mr Greg Farmer, commerce
secretary, says t
he industry might suffer a 15-25 per cent decline this
year. Of particular c
oncern is the booming convention business, which
received 680,000 delegates 
last year. 'They look for safety,' says Mr
Crotts, 'and the perception is Fl
orida is not safe'.
Travel agents expected the biggest impact in the oversea
s market, the
fastest-growing segment of the tourist industry. They spoke of
 the immediate
reduction in bookings from German-speaking countries, and exp
ected the UK
tabloid newspaper coverage of the murder of Mr Colley to have i
ts effect on
the UK market. With more than 1m tourists to Florida annually, 
the UK sends
the largest number of its citizens to the state after Canada.
T
he immediate problem is not cancellations. These are unlikely just now,
give
n the deposits tourists pay, but the winter season, for which bookings
are n
ow being made, is another matter.
The overseas tourists will be further put 
off by the appreciation of the
dollar against European currencies. The Assoc
iation of British Travel Agents
(Abta) expects growth of UK tourism to Flori
da to slow to single digits per
cent this year, from 22 per cent growth last
 year.
But the Abta doubts there will be a decline of UK tourism, since most

would-be tourists realise that the odds against them being subject to a
cri
me remain long.
Local economists likewise doubt the impact of recent murders
 will be
'catastrophic', as Mr Farmer put it. Florida has enormous advantage
s -
winter sun, beaches, the world's best theme parks in Orlando, and a huge

amount of repeat business from Americans with homes or relatives in the
sta
te.
Florida has established a critical mass of highly competitive tourist
se
rvices that offer some of the cheapest and best-value accommodation in the
w
orld.
The state boasts varied attractions. Miami, notwithstanding all its da
ngers,
has become a commercial hub of the Americas, with companies such as A
T&T and
General Motors setting up regional Latin American headquarters in th
e city.
Orlando brings in mainly US tourists, though Europeans are catching 
up
quickly (growing by 32 per cent last year). Much safer than Miami, Orland
o
attracts families and increasingly businessmen at conventions.
As the stat
e's most important industry, tourism enjoys privileges. Hundreds
of murders 
of locals barely raise an eyebrow in the state but the killing of
Mr Colley 
and, last week, that of the German Mr Uwe-Wilhelm Rakebrand, set
off a massi
ve campaign to promote tourist safety, including 24-hour patrols
of highway 
rest areas, plain-clothes police searching for lost tourists, and
free telep
hone advice to tourists.
Fear is not yet deterring investors. This week, Uni
versal Studios voted with
its cheque book on the future of Florida's tourism
 industry by announcing an
estimated Dollars 3bn expansion in Orlando, inclu
ding a Jurassic Park theme
park, hotels, a convention centre and golf course
s.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<
XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs
.
    P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT
  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge 3 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 75 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-7713</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CHRBAADAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 AUG 92 / World News in Brief: Bomb kills climbe
rs </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Two Austrian tourists were killed when a First World W
ar bomb exploded on a
mountainside near Bolzano, Italy. One of the men is th
ought to have struck
the bomb with an ice axe.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Ti
mes </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 76 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-15976</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CAGBXADBFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>920
107
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  07 JAN 92 / Savimbi deplores killings </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    ABIDJAN </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
AN
GOLAN opposition leader Jonas Savimbi said yesterday his former rebels
were 
not responsible for the deaths of four British travellers killed in an
ambus
h, Reuter reports from Abidjan.
However, Mr Savimbi, head of the Unita movem
ent, also said at a press
conference in the Ivory Coast that while he deplor
ed the killing of
tourists, he did not think it was wise for foreigners to t
ravel in a country
which had just ended a civil war. He blamed robbers for t
he attack, near a
base where thousands of former Unita rebels are confined.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 77 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-301</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EL3DMAAGFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>94123
0
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  30 DEC 94 / World News in Brief: Holidaymakers kill
ed </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Five British tourists on a skiing holiday were killed 
in a road accident
near Nice, southern France.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX
>
<CN>FRZ  France, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Order 
and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB
>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 78 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-12228</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DGZB2AARFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>930
726
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By Agencies </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A BOMB injured three foreign touri
sts and a Turk at a tourist site in
central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re
port.
It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre
ats by
the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri
st
sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK.
Armed PKK 
rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in
south-eastern 
Turkey.
In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t
own of
Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai
n were
killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed
 the
PKK for the attack.
Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li
tter basket under an
automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha
ghia Sophia
Cathedral.
The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were
 all slightly injured.
No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t
he world's most
celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture.
</TEXT>
<XX>

Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>TRZ  Turkey, Middle East.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</X
X>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS
  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 3 <
/PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 79 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-11501</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJZBOAA2FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
026
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 OCT 92 / Tourists stabbed in Egypt </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By REUTER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A man believed to be a Moslem milita
nt stabbed and wounded three Russian
tourists yesterday at a marketplace in 
Port Said, Egypt, Reuter reports
quoting security oficials. On Wednesday a B
ritish woman was killed and two
British men wounded when gunmen ambushed the
ir safari vehicle in Upper
Egypt.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 80 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT931-2963</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DCSB4AIXFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9303
17
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  17 MAR 93 / Bomb damages Egyptian tour buses </HEA
DLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MARK NICHOLSON </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    CAIRO </DATELIN
E>
<TEXT>
A BOMB explosion damaged seven empty tour buses parked yards away 
from the
Egyptian Museum in Cairo's busiest square yesterday, one of a serie
s of
attacks a week after Egyptian security forces launched a tough crackdow
n on
suspected Islamic militants.
Tourists had left the buses for the Egypti
an Museum, one of Cairo's most
popular attractions, just 100 yards away. No 
one claimed responsibility. But
it appeared a defiant gesture from Islamic m
ilitants who have waged sporadic
attacks on tourist targets for much of the 
past year - considerably hurting
Egypt's precious tourism earnings.
The expl
osion took place during the midday rush in Tahrir Square, scene last
month o
f a coffee-shop bombing which killed three.
It came in the teeth of tightene
d security at all Egypt's tourist centres
and intensified operations against
 suspected members of the Gama'a
al-Islamiyya, the underground Islamic group
 behind most recent attacks.
Bus drivers in Tahrir Square said their vehicle
s had been searched for bombs
just 30 minutes before the blast.
An explosive
 device was also found and defused in a building housing
'foreign experts' i
n a central Cairo suburb, according to the semi-official
al-Ahram news agenc
y.
Meanwhile, militants launched three bomb attacks on police in Aswan, the

tourist centre in Upper Egypt where police last week stormed a mosque and
sh
ot dead nine alleged members of the Gama'a al-Islamiyya.
The clashes follow 
a week of incidents as Egyptian security forces have
followed up the Aswan r
aid and simultaneous dawn raids last week on eight
alleged militant hideouts
 in Cairo in which a total of 23 people died.
A total of 35 thirty-five alle
ged militants were arrested and one policeman
killed during a security sweep
 in Assiut, Upper Egypt, on Monday, the same
day security forces were report
ed to have rounded up 424 people in
Alexandria.
The US embassy on Monday cal
led in around 40 members of the US business
community to discuss security, f
ollowing a threat earlier this month by
Gama'a al-Islamiyya to attack foreig
n investments.
The embassy stressed only that businesses should step up rout
ine
precautions.
'There was no recommendation to leave Egypt or take any dra
stic measures,'
said one businessman present.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>

<CN>EGZ  Egypt, Africa.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Orde
r and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>PEOP  Personnel News.
    GO
VT  Government News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internatio
nal Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-2390</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CIRBKAAAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 92 / World News in Brief: Bear kills touris
t </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
British tourist Trevor Perry-Lancaster, 46, from Winche
ster, was attacked
and killed by a grizzly bear as he prepared to set up cam
p in Jasper
National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains near Calgary, Alb
erta. His
wife was also injured in the attack. The bear was later shot dead 
by park
wardens.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 82 ==============================================
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<DATE>9209
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 SEP 92 / World News in Brief: Bear kills touris
t </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
British tourist Trevor Perry-Lancaster, 46, from Winche
ster, was attacked
and killed by a grizzly bear as he prepared to set up cam
p in Jasper
National Park, in the Canadian Rocky Mountains near Calgary, Alb
erta. His
wife was also injured in the attack. The bear was later shot dead 
by park
wardens.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 
1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 83 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 84 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 85 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-12228</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DGZB2AARFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>930
726
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 JUL 93 / Four hurt in Turk bombing </HEADLINE>

<BYLINE>    By Agencies </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A BOMB injured three foreign touri
sts and a Turk at a tourist site in
central Istanbul, yesterday, agencies re
port.
It was not immediately clear whether the blast was connected with thre
ats by
the separatist Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to attack Turkish touri
st
sites. But it coincided with other violence blamed on the PKK.
Armed PKK 
rebels meanwhile kidnapped four French tourists from a bus in
south-eastern 
Turkey.
In another incident, a mine planted on a railway exploded near the t
own of
Bingol, derailing a passenger train. Two soldiers protecting the trai
n were
killed and three other people on board were injured. Officials blamed
 the
PKK for the attack.
Police said the Istanbul bomb had been left in a li
tter basket under an
automated bank teller machine near the sixth-century Ha
ghia Sophia
Cathedral.
The tourists, two of them Italians, and the Turk were
 all slightly injured.
No damage was reported to the Haghia Sophia, one of t
he world's most
celebrated monuments of Byzantine architecture.
</TEXT>
<XX>

Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>TRZ  Turkey, Middle East.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</X
X>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS
  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 3 <
/PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 87 ==============================================
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zfind "(topic @ {tourist killings}) not (topic {egypt})"

============= Transaction # 88 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 89 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-7713</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CHRBAADAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 AUG 92 / World News in Brief: Bomb kills climbe
rs </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Two Austrian tourists were killed when a First World W
ar bomb exploded on a
mountainside near Bolzano, Italy. One of the men is th
ought to have struck
the bomb with an ice axe.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Ti
mes </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 90 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-12822</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EJ4DUAB2FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
031
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 OCT 94 / Business Travel: In S Korea, it is be
tter to arrive  .. </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By Our Travel Staff </BYLINE>
<TE
XT>
Bridges fall apart. Boats catch fire. Aircraft crash. Trains collide.
Fe
rries capsize. The past year in South Korea has been bad enough to make
any 
traveller nervous. But the frequency of disasters during 'Visit Korea
Year' 
is especially grim news, writes our Travel Staff.
The collapse of one of Seo
ul's main river bridges, the Songsu, during the
morning rush hour on October
 21 killed at least 32 people and cast a shadow
over South Korea's reputatio
n as a world leader in construction.
As the embarrassed government expressed
 contrition for lax safety
procedures, a pleasure boat packed with local tou
rists caught fire on
Chungju Lake south of Seoul three days later, killing a
t least 25.
Yet the combined toll from these two accidents pales in comparis
on with the
numbers killed on the roads during an average long holiday weeke
nd.
The latest accidents have reinforced a widespread impression that travel
ling
anywhere in South Korea - by any type of transport - is exceptionally
d
angerous.
Ask Yoo O-kun, a bank employee who went to Chungju Lake to recover
 from the
Songsu Bridge nightmare - he lost his closest friend - and ended u
p helping
to rescue people from the burning boat.
'I now reckon there's no s
afe place in our country,' he said. 'How could
disasters take place in succe
ssion like this? I'm too scared to travel now.'
The boat disaster happened j
ust over a year after a ferry capsized off the
west coast, killing 292.
Thos
e who think that train or air travel might be more reassuring are wrong.
In 
August, 160 passengers and crew aboard a Korean Air Lines Airbus had a
remar
kable escape when it crash-landed in a rainstorm on the southern
tourist isl
and of Cheju.
In July last year, 64 were killed when an Asiana Airlines Boei
ng crashed on
the south-west coast. And air force chief General Cho Kun-hae 
was among six
people killed when a helicopter crashed south of Seoul last Ma
rch.
Two months ago, three were killed and 50 hurt when two express trains
c
ollided head on. A driver had ignored a signal. Last March, 79 were killed
i
n a train accident in the southern city of Pusan.
Observers blame lax safety
 standards, non-enforcement of regulations - and
corruption - for many accid
ents in South Korea.
Korea plans to spend Dollars 100bn (Pounds 67bn) on inf
rastructure over the
next eight years. However, MPs, the media and engineers
 warn of more bad
accidents to come. The lesson is clear: in South Korea, it
 is always better
to arrive than to travel.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<
CN>KRZ  South Korea, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement
 and Recreation, NEC.
    P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Typ
es:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PA
GE> London Page 12 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 91 ==============================================
Transaction #:     91       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-12822</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EJ4DUAB2FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
031
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 OCT 94 / Business Travel: In S Korea, it is be
tter to arrive  .. </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By Our Travel Staff </BYLINE>
<TE
XT>
Bridges fall apart. Boats catch fire. Aircraft crash. Trains collide.
Fe
rries capsize. The past year in South Korea has been bad enough to make
any 
traveller nervous. But the frequency of disasters during 'Visit Korea
Year' 
is especially grim news, writes our Travel Staff.
The collapse of one of Seo
ul's main river bridges, the Songsu, during the
morning rush hour on October
 21 killed at least 32 people and cast a shadow
over South Korea's reputatio
n as a world leader in construction.
As the embarrassed government expressed
 contrition for lax safety
procedures, a pleasure boat packed with local tou
rists caught fire on
Chungju Lake south of Seoul three days later, killing a
t least 25.
Yet the combined toll from these two accidents pales in comparis
on with the
numbers killed on the roads during an average long holiday weeke
nd.
The latest accidents have reinforced a widespread impression that travel
ling
anywhere in South Korea - by any type of transport - is exceptionally
d
angerous.
Ask Yoo O-kun, a bank employee who went to Chungju Lake to recover
 from the
Songsu Bridge nightmare - he lost his closest friend - and ended u
p helping
to rescue people from the burning boat.
'I now reckon there's no s
afe place in our country,' he said. 'How could
disasters take place in succe
ssion like this? I'm too scared to travel now.'
The boat disaster happened j
ust over a year after a ferry capsized off the
west coast, killing 292.
Thos
e who think that train or air travel might be more reassuring are wrong.
In 
August, 160 passengers and crew aboard a Korean Air Lines Airbus had a
remar
kable escape when it crash-landed in a rainstorm on the southern
tourist isl
and of Cheju.
In July last year, 64 were killed when an Asiana Airlines Boei
ng crashed on
the south-west coast. And air force chief General Cho Kun-hae 
was among six
people killed when a helicopter crashed south of Seoul last Ma
rch.
Two months ago, three were killed and 50 hurt when two express trains
c
ollided head on. A driver had ignored a signal. Last March, 79 were killed
i
n a train accident in the southern city of Pusan.
Observers blame lax safety
 standards, non-enforcement of regulations - and
corruption - for many accid
ents in South Korea.
Korea plans to spend Dollars 100bn (Pounds 67bn) on inf
rastructure over the
next eight years. However, MPs, the media and engineers
 warn of more bad
accidents to come. The lesson is clear: in South Korea, it
 is always better
to arrive than to travel.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<
CN>KRZ  South Korea, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement
 and Recreation, NEC.
    P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Typ
es:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PA
GE> London Page 12 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOCNO>FT944-12822</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EJ4DUAB2FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
031
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 OCT 94 / Business Travel: In S Korea, it is be
tter to arrive  .. </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By Our Travel Staff </BYLINE>
<TE
XT>
Bridges fall apart. Boats catch fire. Aircraft crash. Trains collide.
Fe
rries capsize. The past year in South Korea has been bad enough to make
any 
traveller nervous. But the frequency of disasters during 'Visit Korea
Year' 
is especially grim news, writes our Travel Staff.
The collapse of one of Seo
ul's main river bridges, the Songsu, during the
morning rush hour on October
 21 killed at least 32 people and cast a shadow
over South Korea's reputatio
n as a world leader in construction.
As the embarrassed government expressed
 contrition for lax safety
procedures, a pleasure boat packed with local tou
rists caught fire on
Chungju Lake south of Seoul three days later, killing a
t least 25.
Yet the combined toll from these two accidents pales in comparis
on with the
numbers killed on the roads during an average long holiday weeke
nd.
The latest accidents have reinforced a widespread impression that travel
ling
anywhere in South Korea - by any type of transport - is exceptionally
d
angerous.
Ask Yoo O-kun, a bank employee who went to Chungju Lake to recover
 from the
Songsu Bridge nightmare - he lost his closest friend - and ended u
p helping
to rescue people from the burning boat.
'I now reckon there's no s
afe place in our country,' he said. 'How could
disasters take place in succe
ssion like this? I'm too scared to travel now.'
The boat disaster happened j
ust over a year after a ferry capsized off the
west coast, killing 292.
Thos
e who think that train or air travel might be more reassuring are wrong.
In 
August, 160 passengers and crew aboard a Korean Air Lines Airbus had a
remar
kable escape when it crash-landed in a rainstorm on the southern
tourist isl
and of Cheju.
In July last year, 64 were killed when an Asiana Airlines Boei
ng crashed on
the south-west coast. And air force chief General Cho Kun-hae 
was among six
people killed when a helicopter crashed south of Seoul last Ma
rch.
Two months ago, three were killed and 50 hurt when two express trains
c
ollided head on. A driver had ignored a signal. Last March, 79 were killed
i
n a train accident in the southern city of Pusan.
Observers blame lax safety
 standards, non-enforcement of regulations - and
corruption - for many accid
ents in South Korea.
Korea plans to spend Dollars 100bn (Pounds 67bn) on inf
rastructure over the
next eight years. However, MPs, the media and engineers
 warn of more bad
accidents to come. The lesson is clear: in South Korea, it
 is always better
to arrive than to travel.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<
CN>KRZ  South Korea, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement
 and Recreation, NEC.
    P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Typ
es:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PA
GE> London Page 12 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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0
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<HEADLINE> FT  10 MAY 91 / Recovery in tourism is expected </HEADL
INE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID CHURCHILL, Leisure Industries Correspondent </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
TOURIST arrivals to the UK in 1991 are forecast to recover sharpl
y after the
steep decline earlier this year caused by the Gulf war.
The Brit
ish Tourist Authority said incoming tourist numbers had already
increased si
gnificantly after falling 18 per cent in the first two months of
this year f
rom the levels of the corresponding period of 1990.
It forecast 18m overseas
 visitors to the UK this year, marginally ahead of
the record 17.9m last yea
r, with their expenditure reaching Pounds 7.8bn
against Pounds 7.7bn last ye
ar.
'Tourism is a resilient industry and it is already bouncing back,' Mr
Wi
lliam Davis, chairman of the BTA, told a London conference yesterday.
The BT
A says the recovery is driven by increased numbers of tourists from
western 
Europe, especially the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Numbers from
the US are
 also recovering but the Japanese and Far East market is taking
longer to pi
ck up. Mr Davis forecast there could be more than than 22m
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</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge 8 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<BYLINE>    By DAVID CHURCHILL, Leisure Industries Correspondent </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
TOURIST arrivals to the UK in 1991 are forecast to recover sharpl
y after the
steep decline earlier this year caused by the Gulf war.
The Brit
ish Tourist Authority said incoming tourist numbers had already
increased si
gnificantly after falling 18 per cent in the first two months of
this year f
rom the levels of the corresponding period of 1990.
It forecast 18m overseas
 visitors to the UK this year, marginally ahead of
the record 17.9m last yea
r, with their expenditure reaching Pounds 7.8bn
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ar.
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Wi
lliam Davis, chairman of the BTA, told a London conference yesterday.
The BT
A says the recovery is driven by increased numbers of tourists from
western 
Europe, especially the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Numbers from
the US are
 also recovering but the Japanese and Far East market is taking
longer to pi
ck up. Mr Davis forecast there could be more than than 22m
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</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge 8 </PAGE>
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NE>
<TEXT>
TOURIST arrivals to the UK in 1991 are forecast to recover sharpl
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The Brit
ish Tourist Authority said incoming tourist numbers had already
increased si
gnificantly after falling 18 per cent in the first two months of
this year f
rom the levels of the corresponding period of 1990.
It forecast 18m overseas
 visitors to the UK this year, marginally ahead of
the record 17.9m last yea
r, with their expenditure reaching Pounds 7.8bn
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'Tourism is a resilient industry and it is already bouncing back,' Mr
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lliam Davis, chairman of the BTA, told a London conference yesterday.
The BT
A says the recovery is driven by increased numbers of tourists from
western 
Europe, especially the Netherlands, Italy and Spain. Numbers from
the US are
 also recovering but the Japanese and Far East market is taking
longer to pi
ck up. Mr Davis forecast there could be more than than 22m
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge 8 </PAGE>
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tourism lifts Air New Zealand profit </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By TERRY HALL <
/BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    WELLINGTON </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
Air New Zealand lifted 
tax-paid profits by 36.6 per cent to NZDollars 190.7m
(USDollars 115.1m) in 
the year to end-June due to a stronger tourism market,
particularly with vis
itors from Asia.
The company said yesterday it was confident of further grow
th during the
coming year with the continuing development of its Asia and Pa
cific
networks, together with opportunities provided by marketing ofagreemen
ts
with Australia. Air New Zealand is using Brisbane as a hub for many of it
s
services to Asia.
Group operating revenue rose by 11 per cent to NZDollars
 2.6bn of which
NZDollars 215m was increased passenger revenue. Group cash f
low from
operating revenues rose 64.6 per cent to NZDollars 425m. Total asse
ts were
up by NZDollars 95.4m to NZDollars 2.86bn.
Directors are recommendin
g a final dividend of 8 cents a share, making a
total of 14 cents for the ye
ar, up 4 cents on last year.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Air New Zeal
and.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>NZZ  New Zealand.
</CN>
<XX>
Industrie
s:-
</XX>
<IN>P4512 Air Transportation, Scheduled.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>

<TP>FIN  Annual report.
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<PAGE> London 
Page 35 </PAGE>
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<BYLINE>    By TERRY HALL <
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<DATELINE>    WELLINGTON </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
Air New Zealand lifted 
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the year to end-June due to a stronger tourism market,
particularly with vis
itors from Asia.
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th during the
coming year with the continuing development of its Asia and Pa
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ts
with Australia. Air New Zealand is using Brisbane as a hub for many of it
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</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
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<CO>Air New Zeal
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<XX>
Countries:-
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<XX>
Industrie
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<TP>FIN  Annual report.
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tourism lifts Air New Zealand profit </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By TERRY HALL <
/BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    WELLINGTON </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
Air New Zealand lifted 
tax-paid profits by 36.6 per cent to NZDollars 190.7m
(USDollars 115.1m) in 
the year to end-June due to a stronger tourism market,
particularly with vis
itors from Asia.
The company said yesterday it was confident of further grow
th during the
coming year with the continuing development of its Asia and Pa
cific
networks, together with opportunities provided by marketing ofagreemen
ts
with Australia. Air New Zealand is using Brisbane as a hub for many of it
s
services to Asia.
Group operating revenue rose by 11 per cent to NZDollars
 2.6bn of which
NZDollars 215m was increased passenger revenue. Group cash f
low from
operating revenues rose 64.6 per cent to NZDollars 425m. Total asse
ts were
up by NZDollars 95.4m to NZDollars 2.86bn.
Directors are recommendin
g a final dividend of 8 cents a share, making a
total of 14 cents for the ye
ar, up 4 cents on last year.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Air New Zeal
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<XX>
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<TP>FIN  Annual report.
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-1609</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ELSDLAFKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9412
19
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly 
- Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KAREN FOSSLI </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism i
s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade
is relativ
ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry,
generating annual 
turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is
derived from foreign to
urists.
The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's

unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000

lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350
museu
ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the
year.

The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but
nose-div
ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic
governme
nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism
to 25 per
 cent in two stages.
The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes
t recession to hit
Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov
ered during 1991-93
after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr 
Carl Bildt,
reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent.

These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which
be
gan at the end of 1993.
Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT 
remains significantly
higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig
orously that prices in
their country have become competitive with the rest o
f Europe while a main
priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that 
Sweden is far too
expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t
han just the
elite.
'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw
eden is too
expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke
ting Sweden
abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor
t on the
country.
In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn
ight stays in
Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th
e year-earlier
period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will
 be a record
year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays
 alone
reached 6.1m.
During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish 
tourists accounted
for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent
age terms, rising
respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors
 rose by 14 per
cent.
German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors
 to Sweden, increased
their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1
1 per cent.
Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a 
forecast
rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a
lone. It
is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t
o the
capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe
nting
an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993.
Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi
dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel
and Tourist Council, attr
ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to
Sweden's attractive prices -
 in foreign currency terms - since the krona was
devalued by nearly 30 per c
ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight
recovery of the economy are a
lso considered significant.
NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more 
in Sweden since the
devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar
 has risen 18 per
cent and the German mark 30 per cent.
But the Swedes proba
bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank
for foreign interes
t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter
Olympics earlier this 
year.
For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl
it
'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in

Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and
mu
st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination.
The Olympi
cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this
year but 
it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish
tourism.
Acco
rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the
state-bac
ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies
revealed th
at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part
of a Scandi
navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint
Scandinavian tour
ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if
any, benefits from
 such a scheme.
Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw
areness of
Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the

organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish
Tour
ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS.
Ima
ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m
annu
ally.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>SEZ  Sweden, West Europe.
</CN>
<XX
>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.

</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financ
ial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page IV </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 104 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 106 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-15886</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CAHBJAAPFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>920
108
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 JAN 92 / Survey of Kenya (16): Strategies for 
all seasons - Tourism, from potential disaster to mild success </HEADLINE>
<
BYLINE>    By JULIAN OZANNE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
THE worldwide downturn in touri
sm last year, fuelled by the Gulf crisis, the
international economic recessi
on and the escalating costs of air travel, has
proved a watershed in Kenya.

Kenya's dynamic tourism industry, although faced by the prospect of a severe

loss of jobs and hard currency in what is its biggest foreign exchange
earn
ing sector, has turned 1991 from being a potential disaster into a mild
succ
ess.
The private sector and the government, with cancellations running at up
 to
60 per cent for the peak season of January to March, rallied with a seri
es
of measures.
The boldest move by government was the decision to open up K
enya to South
African tourists, several months before the October Commonweal
th head of
government conference in Harare. Visas, previously denied to Sout
h Africans,
were granted at the airport and an agreement was reached to allo
w South
African Airways and Kenya Airways to operate one flight each a week 
between
Nairobi and Johannesburg.
The government also gave new incentives to
 the hotel training college,
established an autonomous airports authority an
d started the rehabilitation
of Nairobi's international airport and continue
d to strengthen the
newly-created Kenya Wildlife Service, a semi-autonomous 
parastatal in charge
of security and management in Kenya's national parks.
T
he private sector moved quickly, reducing rates and increasing charter
fligh
ts, particularly from Spain and Britain. In August and September there
were 
42 such flights a week arriving in Kenya, each with about 200 seats, in
addi
tion to scheduled flights.
These measures appear to have averted a slump in 
tourist arrivals which in
1990 nearly reached 900,000 people, while foreign 
exchange earnings last
year should approach the 1990 level of Dollars 467m.

Sustaining the remarkable growth which Kenya's tourist sector has enjoyed
si
nce independence will not be easy.
Since 1963 the numbers of visitors a year
 have increased from 110,000 to
889,000 in 1990 and foreign exchange earning
s in the same period have
mushroomed from Dollars 25m to Dollars 467m. In 19
87, tourism overtook
coffee as the country's number one foreign exchange ear
ner.
The impact on the rest of the economy has been vast. Throughout the las
t
decade employment in the sector has grown by at least 5 per cent a year an
d
tourism has contributed to the expansion of the services sector - hotels,

restaurants, road and air transport - and to allied industries such as
const
ruction and food. Much of the rapid growth in tourism in the past
quarter of
 a century has been due to declining costs of air travel and the
extensive i
nfrastructure which was in place at independence.
The government has created
 a reasonably attractive enabling environment
through welcoming foreign inve
stment in tourism, the development of
infrastructure and the maintenance of 
relative political stability.
Increasing importance has been given to conser
vation and better animal
management and while the national parks and reserve
s sector was marred by a
long period of poaching and inefficiency between 19
76-88 it has become a top
priority.
However, with mounting regional competit
ion and the demands of the growing
population a much greater effort is requi
red. In order to continue
generating jobs and increasing critical foreign ex
change earnings the
government has recognised the need to creat a better env
ironment.
Mr Philemon Mwaisaka, permanent secretary in the Ministry of Touri
sm, says
the government is targeting two key areas for growth over the next 
three
years: diversifying the type of tourism available and drawing in visit
ors
from new markets.
Diversification away from game parks and beaches will 
depend on giving
greater importance to attractions such as cultural, confere
nce and
speciality tourism, scuba diving, fishing or mountaineering, and ope
ning up
new areas of Kenya to tourist development such as the volcanic deser
t around
Lake Turkana.
Attracting visitors from outside the traditional mark
ets of the US and
Europe will require a big publicity drive in the Asia Paci
fic area,
particularly Japan and Singapore.
In order to realise both ambitio
ns a overhaul of Kenya's hitherto weak
overseas marketing is necessary. So f
ar the government has been content to
leave most of the marketing to the pri
vate sector. Unlike many other
countries Kenya does not have an autonomous t
ourist board. Between 1986 and
1990 the government spent a mere Dollars 25m 
on marketing.
Kenya's well organised private sector has been lobbying hard f
or a tourist
board to be set up under an autonomous director to launch a con
certed
marketing campaign of research, information gathering and publicity t
o
enable the industry to better tailor and target their products in a
compet
itive market. The government has given its blessing to the appeal but
progre
ss appears slow.
Good marketing and closer links with airlines will be vital
 to attract the
high income from the choosy Japanese market.
Plans for Kenya
 Airways to open up a route to Bangkok next year may prove
insufficient to p
enetrate Asia and South Africa is proving a formidable
competitor with Singa
pore Airlines operating a flight to Johannesburg.
A number of issues need th
e government's urgent attention. Problem areas
include privatisation of gove
rnment share holdings in hotels, developing a
strategy for high income VIP t
ourism, planning how to cope with the growing
demand for combination tourism
 with tourists visiting at least two African
countries, better harmonisation
 of visa and health requirements and more
incentives, such as import duty ex
emption on vehicles for the tourist
sector.
 -------------------------------
----------------------
TOURISM PROFILE
 ------------------------------------
-----------------
         Total              Total     Aver. length
    rec
eipts (Dollars m)   visitors   of stay (days)
1965      30.2              14
7,400       9.3
1970      51.8              326,500       8.8
1980     222.4
              362,700      15.7
1985     239.8              541,200      15.
9
1987     354.9              662,100      16.0
1988     393.3              
676,900      16.0
1989     417.0              729,700      14.2
1990     467
.0 (est)        889,000 (est)  na
 -----------------------------------------
------------
Source: Ministry of Tourism
 ----------------------------------
-------------------
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge VIII Map (Omitted). Table </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 107 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-6132</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ECCCVACGFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9403
03
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  03 MAR 94 / Tourism spending reaches Pounds 9.1bn 
</HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Spending by overseas visitors to the UK rose 15 per cent 
to a record Pounds
9.1bn last year, but higher expenditure by British travel
lers abroad led to
a widening of the tourism balance-of-payments deficit.
Br
itish travellers abroad spent Pounds 12.8bn last year, a 14 per cent
increas
e on 1992, the Central Statistical Office said yesterday.
The travel account
 deficit of the balance of payments rose to Pounds 3.7bn,
compared with Poun
ds 3.4bn in 1992.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC
.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</I
N>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>STATS  Statistics.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 8 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 108 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT943-11867</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EG1C5AB0FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
728
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  28 JUL 94 / Outdated resorts 'hitting tourism' </
HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Outdated resorts are damaging the reputation of more attrac
tive English
tourist attractions, making it difficult to persuade UK residen
ts to take
their holidays at home, the English Tourist Board said yesterday.

The board said that over the past decade the UK's tourism balance of
paymen
ts had fallen from breakeven to a deficit of Pounds 3.1bn. The deficit
had g
rown in spite of the increase in foreign visitors to the UK.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Co
untries:-
</XX>
<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<
IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
    P9611 Administration of General 
Economic Programs.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<P
UB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 8 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 109 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-3223</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CINBUADLFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
14
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  14 SEP 92 / Survey on Mauritius (12): Expanding to
urism presents dilemmas - Paradise has problems </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By J
ULIAN OZANNE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
GOLDEN sunlight dances off the clear turquoise
 water of the Indian ocean. A
gentle breeze, blowing across the lagoon, rust
les the deep green leaves of
palm trees fringing white sandy beaches. Half a
 mile out to sea, the surf
breaks gently over the coral reef.
There are few 
'sea, sun and sand' tourist destinations in the world which
come as close to
 paradise as Mauritius, with its excellent facilities for
deep sea diving, b
ig game fishing, water skiing, wind surfing, riding and
sailing.
But the tou
rism sector is struggling to come to terms with a rocketing
expansion of the
 industry. This has created serious environmental and
economic problems and 
left government confused about the policy direction it
should follow for the
 next five years.
Industry experts say a comprehensive government five-year 
tourism
development policy is eagerly awaited. They look to this to give cle
ar
directions about critical policy issues such as tourist arrivals, hotel
d
evelopment, international marketing strategies, environmental impact
assessm
ents, and plans to develop a more diversified and high quality
product.
The 
tourism boom in Mauritius has been impressive. Tourist arrivals have
doubled
 in six years: 148,900 in 1985 to 298,500 last year. Earnings have
risen fro
m MR845m to M3.9bn over the same period, making tourism the third
biggest fo
reign exchange winner. Particularly good results have been
achieved in boost
ing the average spending per tourist, which increased from
MR5,676 in 1985 t
o M13,000 in 1991.
After a disappointing year in 1991, during which tourist 
arrivals increased
only by 2.4 per cent over the previous year ( mainly beca
use of world
recession and the Gulf War), Mr Noel Lee Cheong Lem, minister o
f tourism,
says arrivals look likely to return to a growth rate of about 10 
per cent
this year.
This pattern of growth has had its costs. The number of 
hotels in the past
six years has increased from 55 to 80, with an increase i
n the number of
beds from 5,387 to 10,482. Bed occupancy rates fell to a rec
ord low of only
47 per cent last year, as the increase in tourists has not k
ept pace with
the increase in beds.
Between 1985-1988, according to Mr Lem, 
a number of hotel development
certificates were distributed as 'political fa
vours' - without either
adequate planning about how the new hotels were goin
g to be filled, or
consideration of the environmental impact of this expansi
on. With low
occupancy rates the new hotels are struggling to make profits, 
despite
attempts to buy market share by cutting rates.
Furthermore, the unre
gulated growth in the number of hotels has had a
detrimental impact on the e
nvironment. Dumping of untreated sewage into the
seas and lagoons, particula
rly severe in the Grand Baie area, has had a
damaging impact on the marine e
cosystem.
A moratorium on 20 new hotel projects expired last year, but Mr Le
m says 16
of these projects have subsequently been shelved, and the governme
nt is
trying to persuade the other four not to go ahead. 'We are applying th
e
brakes on the further expansion of the tourist sector and at the same time

trying to widen the market to allow hotels to achieve the rate of occupancy

which is viable and profitable.'
All new hotel developments will now also b
e subject to an environmental
impact assessment under the new Ministry of th
e Environment.
If hotel development is slowed, and the growth in arrivals co
ntinues to
boom, Mauritius's capacity problem and the economic viability of 
hotels is
likely to ease considerably within the next three to four years. T
he
government has now abandoned an arbitrary limit of 400,000 arrivals by th
e
year 2000, and Mr Lem says Mauritius is a long way from the threshold of
t
olerance of tourist arrivals, and that the ratio of tourist arrivals to
popu
lation is still so low that at least 500,000 arrivals by the end of the
cent
ury is acceptable and possible.
Two important challenges face the government
 in seeking to increase
arrivals: developing new markets, and developing the
 infrastructure for the
'second phase' of development.
Government is pinning
 its hopes on development of the Japanese and Indian
markets, and consolidat
ion of the French, British, German and South African
markets. A once-a-week 
flight from Osaka to Mauritius is expected to start
by 1994. But hoteliers a
nd tour operators say the Government Tourist Office
is weak and ineffective,
 and must develop a much more aggressive marketing
campaign. They say the MR
65m allocated to promotion in this year's budget is
not enough.
The governme
nt will continue to ban charter flights, camping and caravan
sites, to disco
urage 'low budget' tourists and maintain Mauritius's image as
an upmarket de
stination for 'low volume high income'. The question remains
whether the suf
ficient growth in numbers can come from the high income
market alone.
Moreov
er, many 'low budget' tourists, especially from France, continue to
find the
ir way to Mauritius by taking charters to Reunion and then making
the short 
(50 minutes) flight to Mauritius. Some hoteliers and tour
operators believe 
it would be better to accept that low budget tourists are
going to come, cat
er properly for them, and get the maximum revenue out of
them.
They also say
 that Mauritius remains an extremely expensive destination,
even for the hig
h-income bracket tourist, and that only by considerably
improving the qualit
y of the product and service will the industry be able
to continue to attrac
t increased volume in the face of competition from
Kenya, Seychelles, Indone
sia, Maldives and Thailand.
Development of infrastructure and added faciliti
es will be critical to
further growth - as will maximising revenue by attrac
ting tourists off the
beaches to spend more money on other activities. The d
evelopment of the
National Handicraft Centre, and of inland facilities such 
as the 'Domain du
Chasseur,' a deer hunting and nature park, is being welcom
ed by the private
sector.
After a period of rapid growth the government is n
ow facing crucial
decisions on how to consolidate and expand its thriving to
urist sector to
ensure that continued growth will be sustainable.
 ---------
-----------------------------------------------------------
                
            TOURISM
 -------------------------------------------------------
-------------
                       1986      1988      1990      1991     
 1992*
 --------------------------------------------------------------------

Arrivals (000s)        165.3     239.3     291.6     300.7     330
Gross ea
rnings (MRs)   1.19bn    2.37bn    3.63bn    3.88bn    4.40bn
Bed occupancy 
(%)      61.4      74.1      68.4      60.0      62.0
Hotels                
 56        64        75        80        80
Employment             5,955    
 7,005     9,670     10,388    12,000
*Predictions.
 -----------------------
---------------------------------------------
Source: Ministry of Tourism, M
auritius Government Tourist Office
 ----------------------------------------
----------------------------
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>

London Page VI
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 110 ==============================================
Transaction #:    110       Transaction Code:  39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) 

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT934-9708</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DKIC6AF4FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9311
09
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  09 NOV 93 / Survey of Australia (2): A place in th
e Pacific sun - Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By BRUCE JACQUES </BYLINE>
<
TEXT>
INTERNATIONAL tourism has emerged from near obscurity to become one of

Australia's fastest growing industries in the past decade, but it heads
tow
ards 1994 in a state of dichotomy. Although the industry is one of the
few d
efying world recession with solid growth rates, tourism remains
hazardous gr
ound for investors, writes Bruce Jacques.
This reflects a 'two-speed' growth
 record in the past decade which has left
substantial imbalances in infrastr
ucture, sapped confidence and increased
the perceived risk of tourism invest
ment. But there are signs, boosted by
Sydney's successful bid to host the 20
00 Olympics, that tourism is set for a
period of accelerated new growth.
Int
ernational tourism burst on to an unsuspecting Australia amid the
financial 
boom of the mid 1980s, with overseas visits jumping nearly 200 per
cent to 2
.25m in the half decade to 1988. Figures just released confirm that
growth i
n the half decade since has been a more modest 28 per cent for
visits of jus
t under 2.8m in 1992-93.
This growth volatility has left some bad investment
 decisions in its wake.
Real estate estimates suggest that almost 10 per cen
t of the nation's three,
four and five star accommodation properties are now
 either in receivership
or under the administration of their banks. That is 
almost 70 properties,
covering about 10,000 rooms - enough to give pause to 
any investor.
Several other factors have added to the industry's roller coas
ter feel,
including:
the Federal Government's deregulation of the aviation i
ndustry and
subsequent heavy losses and rationalisation among the country's 
airlines;
the unique double failure of Compass Airlines - the new market ent
rant that
was touted as giving meaning to deregulation; and
postponement of 
the public float of Qantas, the country's international
carrier, from which 
the Federal Government hopes to raise more than ADollars
1.5bn.
But just as 
investors were caught by overestimating the industry's growth,
there are sig
ns that those who continue to retreat will miss the next cycle.
Christopher 
Brown, executive director of tourism's umbrella body, Tourism
Task Force, be
lieves some hard lessons have been learned.
target more rapid growth.
'You h
ave to remember we've only been in the international tourism business
in a b
ig way for just over a decade,' Mr Brown says. 'What we had in the
1980s was
 a marketing-led rather than product-led boom. Some of our early
marketing c
ampaigns (notably the Paul Hogan 'shrimp on the barbie'
advertisements) were
 among the best in the world. But events since have
shown that the industry 
wasn't really able to handle the boom in overseas
tourists that followed.'
M
r Brown believes the industry tried to become too sophisticated too early.
'
We thought we had achieved worldwide awareness, but we now know we didn't.
B
ut the result is that, although some of it is under-utilised, we now have
so
me of the world's best tourism infrastructure.'
Mr Brown says that with the 
Olympics and increased government recognition
and funding for tourism, the i
ndustry is now targeting an annual rate of
around 7.5m overseas arrivals by 
2000. The target would have been around 6m
without the Olympics, but both ai
ms are considerably higher than estimates
of 4.8m arrivals by the government
 funded Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR).
While any of these estimates sugge
sts strong growth, the industry still has
a task ahead in educating investor
s. Mr Brown says banks and institutions
are still far less adept at assessin
g investments in tourism than other
sectors. That ranks as a serious oversig
ht given the scale of the industry.
While tourism is often proudly promoted 
as Australia's biggest export
earner, that description understates its econo
mic importance. If the
international and domestic tourism components are tak
en together, the
industry is arguably Australia's biggest.
Judging by BTR fi
gures, no investment institution of any standing can afford
not to have expo
sure to the industry. The BTR publication, Tourism and the
Economy, calculat
ed that tourism accounted for 465,000 jobs, 5.6 per cent of
the country's gr
oss domestic product and 10 per cent of its foreign exchange
earnings in 199
2.
The BTR figures showed that domestic tourism expenditure, at ADollars
18.
4bn, was almost 2.4 times the size of its international counterpart at
ADoll
ars 7.7bn, for respective GDP contributions of 3.8 and 1.8 per cent.
Latest 
estimates suggest that in 1993 domestic tourism expenditure will
exceed ADol
lars 22bn, with international expenditure rising to ADollars
8.6bn.
Perhaps 
the clincher for the tourism industry in its push for a larger share
of inve
stment funds lies in Australia's geographic location. Leading
stockbrokers A
NZ McCaughan (AM) put the case well in a recent publication,
urging investme
nt in Australian air lines.
'Australia is positioned on the edge of the fast
est-growing tourism region
in the world - the Asia/Pacific,' AM analysts sai
d. 'By the Year 2000, the
Asia/Pacific region with a 39 per cent share, is e
xpected to dominate the
world's international air traffic.
'The other two ma
jor regions will be Europe (26 per cent) and North America
(23 per cent). Fo
r the remainder of the 1990s air travel in the Asia/Pacific
region is expect
ed to grow by an average 9.4 per cent a year, almost twice
as fast as the US
 (4.9 per cent) and far faster than Europe (5.5 per cent).'
AM quoted a BTR 
break down forecasting that the proportion of Asia/Pacific
tourists visiting
 Australia will rise from 43 to almost 50 per cent by 2000.
'Japan, Asia, th
e US and Europe will be the key inbound markets by the year
2000,' AM said. 
'The proximity of these countries to Australia, together
with relaxation of 
institutional constraints on travel, .. augurs well for
larger visitor numbe
rs.'
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>AUZ  Australia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industrie
s:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>

<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> L
ondon Page I </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 111 ==============================================
Transaction #:    111       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT934-9708</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DKIC6AF4FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9311
09
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  09 NOV 93 / Survey of Australia (2): A place in th
e Pacific sun - Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By BRUCE JACQUES </BYLINE>
<
TEXT>
INTERNATIONAL tourism has emerged from near obscurity to become one of

Australia's fastest growing industries in the past decade, but it heads
tow
ards 1994 in a state of dichotomy. Although the industry is one of the
few d
efying world recession with solid growth rates, tourism remains
hazardous gr
ound for investors, writes Bruce Jacques.
This reflects a 'two-speed' growth
 record in the past decade which has left
substantial imbalances in infrastr
ucture, sapped confidence and increased
the perceived risk of tourism invest
ment. But there are signs, boosted by
Sydney's successful bid to host the 20
00 Olympics, that tourism is set for a
period of accelerated new growth.
Int
ernational tourism burst on to an unsuspecting Australia amid the
financial 
boom of the mid 1980s, with overseas visits jumping nearly 200 per
cent to 2
.25m in the half decade to 1988. Figures just released confirm that
growth i
n the half decade since has been a more modest 28 per cent for
visits of jus
t under 2.8m in 1992-93.
This growth volatility has left some bad investment
 decisions in its wake.
Real estate estimates suggest that almost 10 per cen
t of the nation's three,
four and five star accommodation properties are now
 either in receivership
or under the administration of their banks. That is 
almost 70 properties,
covering about 10,000 rooms - enough to give pause to 
any investor.
Several other factors have added to the industry's roller coas
ter feel,
including:
the Federal Government's deregulation of the aviation i
ndustry and
subsequent heavy losses and rationalisation among the country's 
airlines;
the unique double failure of Compass Airlines - the new market ent
rant that
was touted as giving meaning to deregulation; and
postponement of 
the public float of Qantas, the country's international
carrier, from which 
the Federal Government hopes to raise more than ADollars
1.5bn.
But just as 
investors were caught by overestimating the industry's growth,
there are sig
ns that those who continue to retreat will miss the next cycle.
Christopher 
Brown, executive director of tourism's umbrella body, Tourism
Task Force, be
lieves some hard lessons have been learned.
target more rapid growth.
'You h
ave to remember we've only been in the international tourism business
in a b
ig way for just over a decade,' Mr Brown says. 'What we had in the
1980s was
 a marketing-led rather than product-led boom. Some of our early
marketing c
ampaigns (notably the Paul Hogan 'shrimp on the barbie'
advertisements) were
 among the best in the world. But events since have
shown that the industry 
wasn't really able to handle the boom in overseas
tourists that followed.'
M
r Brown believes the industry tried to become too sophisticated too early.
'
We thought we had achieved worldwide awareness, but we now know we didn't.
B
ut the result is that, although some of it is under-utilised, we now have
so
me of the world's best tourism infrastructure.'
Mr Brown says that with the 
Olympics and increased government recognition
and funding for tourism, the i
ndustry is now targeting an annual rate of
around 7.5m overseas arrivals by 
2000. The target would have been around 6m
without the Olympics, but both ai
ms are considerably higher than estimates
of 4.8m arrivals by the government
 funded Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR).
While any of these estimates sugge
sts strong growth, the industry still has
a task ahead in educating investor
s. Mr Brown says banks and institutions
are still far less adept at assessin
g investments in tourism than other
sectors. That ranks as a serious oversig
ht given the scale of the industry.
While tourism is often proudly promoted 
as Australia's biggest export
earner, that description understates its econo
mic importance. If the
international and domestic tourism components are tak
en together, the
industry is arguably Australia's biggest.
Judging by BTR fi
gures, no investment institution of any standing can afford
not to have expo
sure to the industry. The BTR publication, Tourism and the
Economy, calculat
ed that tourism accounted for 465,000 jobs, 5.6 per cent of
the country's gr
oss domestic product and 10 per cent of its foreign exchange
earnings in 199
2.
The BTR figures showed that domestic tourism expenditure, at ADollars
18.
4bn, was almost 2.4 times the size of its international counterpart at
ADoll
ars 7.7bn, for respective GDP contributions of 3.8 and 1.8 per cent.
Latest 
estimates suggest that in 1993 domestic tourism expenditure will
exceed ADol
lars 22bn, with international expenditure rising to ADollars
8.6bn.
Perhaps 
the clincher for the tourism industry in its push for a larger share
of inve
stment funds lies in Australia's geographic location. Leading
stockbrokers A
NZ McCaughan (AM) put the case well in a recent publication,
urging investme
nt in Australian air lines.
'Australia is positioned on the edge of the fast
est-growing tourism region
in the world - the Asia/Pacific,' AM analysts sai
d. 'By the Year 2000, the
Asia/Pacific region with a 39 per cent share, is e
xpected to dominate the
world's international air traffic.
'The other two ma
jor regions will be Europe (26 per cent) and North America
(23 per cent). Fo
r the remainder of the 1990s air travel in the Asia/Pacific
region is expect
ed to grow by an average 9.4 per cent a year, almost twice
as fast as the US
 (4.9 per cent) and far faster than Europe (5.5 per cent).'
AM quoted a BTR 
break down forecasting that the proportion of Asia/Pacific
tourists visiting
 Australia will rise from 43 to almost 50 per cent by 2000.
'Japan, Asia, th
e US and Europe will be the key inbound markets by the year
2000,' AM said. 
'The proximity of these countries to Australia, together
with relaxation of 
institutional constraints on travel, .. augurs well for
larger visitor numbe
rs.'
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>AUZ  Australia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industrie
s:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>

<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> L
ondon Page I </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 112 ==============================================
Transaction #:    112       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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Selec. Rec. #:     20

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-1609</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ELSDLAFKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9412
19
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly 
- Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KAREN FOSSLI </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism i
s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade
is relativ
ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry,
generating annual 
turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is
derived from foreign to
urists.
The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's

unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000

lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350
museu
ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the
year.

The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but
nose-div
ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic
governme
nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism
to 25 per
 cent in two stages.
The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes
t recession to hit
Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov
ered during 1991-93
after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr 
Carl Bildt,
reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent.

These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which
be
gan at the end of 1993.
Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT 
remains significantly
higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig
orously that prices in
their country have become competitive with the rest o
f Europe while a main
priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that 
Sweden is far too
expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t
han just the
elite.
'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw
eden is too
expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke
ting Sweden
abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor
t on the
country.
In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn
ight stays in
Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th
e year-earlier
period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will
 be a record
year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays
 alone
reached 6.1m.
During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish 
tourists accounted
for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent
age terms, rising
respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors
 rose by 14 per
cent.
German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors
 to Sweden, increased
their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1
1 per cent.
Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a 
forecast
rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a
lone. It
is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t
o the
capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe
nting
an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993.
Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi
dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel
and Tourist Council, attr
ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to
Sweden's attractive prices -
 in foreign currency terms - since the krona was
devalued by nearly 30 per c
ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight
recovery of the economy are a
lso considered significant.
NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more 
in Sweden since the
devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar
 has risen 18 per
cent and the German mark 30 per cent.
But the Swedes proba
bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank
for foreign interes
t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter
Olympics earlier this 
year.
For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl
it
'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in

Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and
mu
st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination.
The Olympi
cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this
year but 
it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish
tourism.
Acco
rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the
state-bac
ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies
revealed th
at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part
of a Scandi
navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint
Scandinavian tour
ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if
any, benefits from
 such a scheme.
Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw
areness of
Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the

organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish
Tour
ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS.
Ima
ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m
annu
ally.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>SEZ  Sweden, West Europe.
</CN>
<XX
>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.

</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financ
ial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page IV </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 113 ==============================================
Transaction #:    113       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-15886</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CAHBJAAPFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>920
108
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 JAN 92 / Survey of Kenya (16): Strategies for 
all seasons - Tourism, from potential disaster to mild success </HEADLINE>
<
BYLINE>    By JULIAN OZANNE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
THE worldwide downturn in touri
sm last year, fuelled by the Gulf crisis, the
international economic recessi
on and the escalating costs of air travel, has
proved a watershed in Kenya.

Kenya's dynamic tourism industry, although faced by the prospect of a severe

loss of jobs and hard currency in what is its biggest foreign exchange
earn
ing sector, has turned 1991 from being a potential disaster into a mild
succ
ess.
The private sector and the government, with cancellations running at up
 to
60 per cent for the peak season of January to March, rallied with a seri
es
of measures.
The boldest move by government was the decision to open up K
enya to South
African tourists, several months before the October Commonweal
th head of
government conference in Harare. Visas, previously denied to Sout
h Africans,
were granted at the airport and an agreement was reached to allo
w South
African Airways and Kenya Airways to operate one flight each a week 
between
Nairobi and Johannesburg.
The government also gave new incentives to
 the hotel training college,
established an autonomous airports authority an
d started the rehabilitation
of Nairobi's international airport and continue
d to strengthen the
newly-created Kenya Wildlife Service, a semi-autonomous 
parastatal in charge
of security and management in Kenya's national parks.
T
he private sector moved quickly, reducing rates and increasing charter
fligh
ts, particularly from Spain and Britain. In August and September there
were 
42 such flights a week arriving in Kenya, each with about 200 seats, in
addi
tion to scheduled flights.
These measures appear to have averted a slump in 
tourist arrivals which in
1990 nearly reached 900,000 people, while foreign 
exchange earnings last
year should approach the 1990 level of Dollars 467m.

Sustaining the remarkable growth which Kenya's tourist sector has enjoyed
si
nce independence will not be easy.
Since 1963 the numbers of visitors a year
 have increased from 110,000 to
889,000 in 1990 and foreign exchange earning
s in the same period have
mushroomed from Dollars 25m to Dollars 467m. In 19
87, tourism overtook
coffee as the country's number one foreign exchange ear
ner.
The impact on the rest of the economy has been vast. Throughout the las
t
decade employment in the sector has grown by at least 5 per cent a year an
d
tourism has contributed to the expansion of the services sector - hotels,

restaurants, road and air transport - and to allied industries such as
const
ruction and food. Much of the rapid growth in tourism in the past
quarter of
 a century has been due to declining costs of air travel and the
extensive i
nfrastructure which was in place at independence.
The government has created
 a reasonably attractive enabling environment
through welcoming foreign inve
stment in tourism, the development of
infrastructure and the maintenance of 
relative political stability.
Increasing importance has been given to conser
vation and better animal
management and while the national parks and reserve
s sector was marred by a
long period of poaching and inefficiency between 19
76-88 it has become a top
priority.
However, with mounting regional competit
ion and the demands of the growing
population a much greater effort is requi
red. In order to continue
generating jobs and increasing critical foreign ex
change earnings the
government has recognised the need to creat a better env
ironment.
Mr Philemon Mwaisaka, permanent secretary in the Ministry of Touri
sm, says
the government is targeting two key areas for growth over the next 
three
years: diversifying the type of tourism available and drawing in visit
ors
from new markets.
Diversification away from game parks and beaches will 
depend on giving
greater importance to attractions such as cultural, confere
nce and
speciality tourism, scuba diving, fishing or mountaineering, and ope
ning up
new areas of Kenya to tourist development such as the volcanic deser
t around
Lake Turkana.
Attracting visitors from outside the traditional mark
ets of the US and
Europe will require a big publicity drive in the Asia Paci
fic area,
particularly Japan and Singapore.
In order to realise both ambitio
ns a overhaul of Kenya's hitherto weak
overseas marketing is necessary. So f
ar the government has been content to
leave most of the marketing to the pri
vate sector. Unlike many other
countries Kenya does not have an autonomous t
ourist board. Between 1986 and
1990 the government spent a mere Dollars 25m 
on marketing.
Kenya's well organised private sector has been lobbying hard f
or a tourist
board to be set up under an autonomous director to launch a con
certed
marketing campaign of research, information gathering and publicity t
o
enable the industry to better tailor and target their products in a
compet
itive market. The government has given its blessing to the appeal but
progre
ss appears slow.
Good marketing and closer links with airlines will be vital
 to attract the
high income from the choosy Japanese market.
Plans for Kenya
 Airways to open up a route to Bangkok next year may prove
insufficient to p
enetrate Asia and South Africa is proving a formidable
competitor with Singa
pore Airlines operating a flight to Johannesburg.
A number of issues need th
e government's urgent attention. Problem areas
include privatisation of gove
rnment share holdings in hotels, developing a
strategy for high income VIP t
ourism, planning how to cope with the growing
demand for combination tourism
 with tourists visiting at least two African
countries, better harmonisation
 of visa and health requirements and more
incentives, such as import duty ex
emption on vehicles for the tourist
sector.
 -------------------------------
----------------------
TOURISM PROFILE
 ------------------------------------
-----------------
         Total              Total     Aver. length
    rec
eipts (Dollars m)   visitors   of stay (days)
1965      30.2              14
7,400       9.3
1970      51.8              326,500       8.8
1980     222.4
              362,700      15.7
1985     239.8              541,200      15.
9
1987     354.9              662,100      16.0
1988     393.3              
676,900      16.0
1989     417.0              729,700      14.2
1990     467
.0 (est)        889,000 (est)  na
 -----------------------------------------
------------
Source: Ministry of Tourism
 ----------------------------------
-------------------
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Pa
ge VIII Map (Omitted). Table </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-3223</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CINBUADLFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
14
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  14 SEP 92 / Survey on Mauritius (12): Expanding to
urism presents dilemmas - Paradise has problems </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By J
ULIAN OZANNE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
GOLDEN sunlight dances off the clear turquoise
 water of the Indian ocean. A
gentle breeze, blowing across the lagoon, rust
les the deep green leaves of
palm trees fringing white sandy beaches. Half a
 mile out to sea, the surf
breaks gently over the coral reef.
There are few 
'sea, sun and sand' tourist destinations in the world which
come as close to
 paradise as Mauritius, with its excellent facilities for
deep sea diving, b
ig game fishing, water skiing, wind surfing, riding and
sailing.
But the tou
rism sector is struggling to come to terms with a rocketing
expansion of the
 industry. This has created serious environmental and
economic problems and 
left government confused about the policy direction it
should follow for the
 next five years.
Industry experts say a comprehensive government five-year 
tourism
development policy is eagerly awaited. They look to this to give cle
ar
directions about critical policy issues such as tourist arrivals, hotel
d
evelopment, international marketing strategies, environmental impact
assessm
ents, and plans to develop a more diversified and high quality
product.
The 
tourism boom in Mauritius has been impressive. Tourist arrivals have
doubled
 in six years: 148,900 in 1985 to 298,500 last year. Earnings have
risen fro
m MR845m to M3.9bn over the same period, making tourism the third
biggest fo
reign exchange winner. Particularly good results have been
achieved in boost
ing the average spending per tourist, which increased from
MR5,676 in 1985 t
o M13,000 in 1991.
After a disappointing year in 1991, during which tourist 
arrivals increased
only by 2.4 per cent over the previous year ( mainly beca
use of world
recession and the Gulf War), Mr Noel Lee Cheong Lem, minister o
f tourism,
says arrivals look likely to return to a growth rate of about 10 
per cent
this year.
This pattern of growth has had its costs. The number of 
hotels in the past
six years has increased from 55 to 80, with an increase i
n the number of
beds from 5,387 to 10,482. Bed occupancy rates fell to a rec
ord low of only
47 per cent last year, as the increase in tourists has not k
ept pace with
the increase in beds.
Between 1985-1988, according to Mr Lem, 
a number of hotel development
certificates were distributed as 'political fa
vours' - without either
adequate planning about how the new hotels were goin
g to be filled, or
consideration of the environmental impact of this expansi
on. With low
occupancy rates the new hotels are struggling to make profits, 
despite
attempts to buy market share by cutting rates.
Furthermore, the unre
gulated growth in the number of hotels has had a
detrimental impact on the e
nvironment. Dumping of untreated sewage into the
seas and lagoons, particula
rly severe in the Grand Baie area, has had a
damaging impact on the marine e
cosystem.
A moratorium on 20 new hotel projects expired last year, but Mr Le
m says 16
of these projects have subsequently been shelved, and the governme
nt is
trying to persuade the other four not to go ahead. 'We are applying th
e
brakes on the further expansion of the tourist sector and at the same time

trying to widen the market to allow hotels to achieve the rate of occupancy

which is viable and profitable.'
All new hotel developments will now also b
e subject to an environmental
impact assessment under the new Ministry of th
e Environment.
If hotel development is slowed, and the growth in arrivals co
ntinues to
boom, Mauritius's capacity problem and the economic viability of 
hotels is
likely to ease considerably within the next three to four years. T
he
government has now abandoned an arbitrary limit of 400,000 arrivals by th
e
year 2000, and Mr Lem says Mauritius is a long way from the threshold of
t
olerance of tourist arrivals, and that the ratio of tourist arrivals to
popu
lation is still so low that at least 500,000 arrivals by the end of the
cent
ury is acceptable and possible.
Two important challenges face the government
 in seeking to increase
arrivals: developing new markets, and developing the
 infrastructure for the
'second phase' of development.
Government is pinning
 its hopes on development of the Japanese and Indian
markets, and consolidat
ion of the French, British, German and South African
markets. A once-a-week 
flight from Osaka to Mauritius is expected to start
by 1994. But hoteliers a
nd tour operators say the Government Tourist Office
is weak and ineffective,
 and must develop a much more aggressive marketing
campaign. They say the MR
65m allocated to promotion in this year's budget is
not enough.
The governme
nt will continue to ban charter flights, camping and caravan
sites, to disco
urage 'low budget' tourists and maintain Mauritius's image as
an upmarket de
stination for 'low volume high income'. The question remains
whether the suf
ficient growth in numbers can come from the high income
market alone.
Moreov
er, many 'low budget' tourists, especially from France, continue to
find the
ir way to Mauritius by taking charters to Reunion and then making
the short 
(50 minutes) flight to Mauritius. Some hoteliers and tour
operators believe 
it would be better to accept that low budget tourists are
going to come, cat
er properly for them, and get the maximum revenue out of
them.
They also say
 that Mauritius remains an extremely expensive destination,
even for the hig
h-income bracket tourist, and that only by considerably
improving the qualit
y of the product and service will the industry be able
to continue to attrac
t increased volume in the face of competition from
Kenya, Seychelles, Indone
sia, Maldives and Thailand.
Development of infrastructure and added faciliti
es will be critical to
further growth - as will maximising revenue by attrac
ting tourists off the
beaches to spend more money on other activities. The d
evelopment of the
National Handicraft Centre, and of inland facilities such 
as the 'Domain du
Chasseur,' a deer hunting and nature park, is being welcom
ed by the private
sector.
After a period of rapid growth the government is n
ow facing crucial
decisions on how to consolidate and expand its thriving to
urist sector to
ensure that continued growth will be sustainable.
 ---------
-----------------------------------------------------------
                
            TOURISM
 -------------------------------------------------------
-------------
                       1986      1988      1990      1991     
 1992*
 --------------------------------------------------------------------

Arrivals (000s)        165.3     239.3     291.6     300.7     330
Gross ea
rnings (MRs)   1.19bn    2.37bn    3.63bn    3.88bn    4.40bn
Bed occupancy 
(%)      61.4      74.1      68.4      60.0      62.0
Hotels                
 56        64        75        80        80
Employment             5,955    
 7,005     9,670     10,388    12,000
*Predictions.
 -----------------------
---------------------------------------------
Source: Ministry of Tourism, M
auritius Government Tourist Office
 ----------------------------------------
----------------------------
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>

London Page VI
</PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT934-9708</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DKIC6AF4FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9311
09
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  09 NOV 93 / Survey of Australia (2): A place in th
e Pacific sun - Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By BRUCE JACQUES </BYLINE>
<
TEXT>
INTERNATIONAL tourism has emerged from near obscurity to become one of

Australia's fastest growing industries in the past decade, but it heads
tow
ards 1994 in a state of dichotomy. Although the industry is one of the
few d
efying world recession with solid growth rates, tourism remains
hazardous gr
ound for investors, writes Bruce Jacques.
This reflects a 'two-speed' growth
 record in the past decade which has left
substantial imbalances in infrastr
ucture, sapped confidence and increased
the perceived risk of tourism invest
ment. But there are signs, boosted by
Sydney's successful bid to host the 20
00 Olympics, that tourism is set for a
period of accelerated new growth.
Int
ernational tourism burst on to an unsuspecting Australia amid the
financial 
boom of the mid 1980s, with overseas visits jumping nearly 200 per
cent to 2
.25m in the half decade to 1988. Figures just released confirm that
growth i
n the half decade since has been a more modest 28 per cent for
visits of jus
t under 2.8m in 1992-93.
This growth volatility has left some bad investment
 decisions in its wake.
Real estate estimates suggest that almost 10 per cen
t of the nation's three,
four and five star accommodation properties are now
 either in receivership
or under the administration of their banks. That is 
almost 70 properties,
covering about 10,000 rooms - enough to give pause to 
any investor.
Several other factors have added to the industry's roller coas
ter feel,
including:
the Federal Government's deregulation of the aviation i
ndustry and
subsequent heavy losses and rationalisation among the country's 
airlines;
the unique double failure of Compass Airlines - the new market ent
rant that
was touted as giving meaning to deregulation; and
postponement of 
the public float of Qantas, the country's international
carrier, from which 
the Federal Government hopes to raise more than ADollars
1.5bn.
But just as 
investors were caught by overestimating the industry's growth,
there are sig
ns that those who continue to retreat will miss the next cycle.
Christopher 
Brown, executive director of tourism's umbrella body, Tourism
Task Force, be
lieves some hard lessons have been learned.
target more rapid growth.
'You h
ave to remember we've only been in the international tourism business
in a b
ig way for just over a decade,' Mr Brown says. 'What we had in the
1980s was
 a marketing-led rather than product-led boom. Some of our early
marketing c
ampaigns (notably the Paul Hogan 'shrimp on the barbie'
advertisements) were
 among the best in the world. But events since have
shown that the industry 
wasn't really able to handle the boom in overseas
tourists that followed.'
M
r Brown believes the industry tried to become too sophisticated too early.
'
We thought we had achieved worldwide awareness, but we now know we didn't.
B
ut the result is that, although some of it is under-utilised, we now have
so
me of the world's best tourism infrastructure.'
Mr Brown says that with the 
Olympics and increased government recognition
and funding for tourism, the i
ndustry is now targeting an annual rate of
around 7.5m overseas arrivals by 
2000. The target would have been around 6m
without the Olympics, but both ai
ms are considerably higher than estimates
of 4.8m arrivals by the government
 funded Bureau of Tourism Research (BTR).
While any of these estimates sugge
sts strong growth, the industry still has
a task ahead in educating investor
s. Mr Brown says banks and institutions
are still far less adept at assessin
g investments in tourism than other
sectors. That ranks as a serious oversig
ht given the scale of the industry.
While tourism is often proudly promoted 
as Australia's biggest export
earner, that description understates its econo
mic importance. If the
international and domestic tourism components are tak
en together, the
industry is arguably Australia's biggest.
Judging by BTR fi
gures, no investment institution of any standing can afford
not to have expo
sure to the industry. The BTR publication, Tourism and the
Economy, calculat
ed that tourism accounted for 465,000 jobs, 5.6 per cent of
the country's gr
oss domestic product and 10 per cent of its foreign exchange
earnings in 199
2.
The BTR figures showed that domestic tourism expenditure, at ADollars
18.
4bn, was almost 2.4 times the size of its international counterpart at
ADoll
ars 7.7bn, for respective GDP contributions of 3.8 and 1.8 per cent.
Latest 
estimates suggest that in 1993 domestic tourism expenditure will
exceed ADol
lars 22bn, with international expenditure rising to ADollars
8.6bn.
Perhaps 
the clincher for the tourism industry in its push for a larger share
of inve
stment funds lies in Australia's geographic location. Leading
stockbrokers A
NZ McCaughan (AM) put the case well in a recent publication,
urging investme
nt in Australian air lines.
'Australia is positioned on the edge of the fast
est-growing tourism region
in the world - the Asia/Pacific,' AM analysts sai
d. 'By the Year 2000, the
Asia/Pacific region with a 39 per cent share, is e
xpected to dominate the
world's international air traffic.
'The other two ma
jor regions will be Europe (26 per cent) and North America
(23 per cent). Fo
r the remainder of the 1990s air travel in the Asia/Pacific
region is expect
ed to grow by an average 9.4 per cent a year, almost twice
as fast as the US
 (4.9 per cent) and far faster than Europe (5.5 per cent).'
AM quoted a BTR 
break down forecasting that the proportion of Asia/Pacific
tourists visiting
 Australia will rise from 43 to almost 50 per cent by 2000.
'Japan, Asia, th
e US and Europe will be the key inbound markets by the year
2000,' AM said. 
'The proximity of these countries to Australia, together
with relaxation of 
institutional constraints on travel, .. augurs well for
larger visitor numbe
rs.'
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>AUZ  Australia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industrie
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</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
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<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> L
ondon Page I </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<PROFILE>_AN-EAECPABKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
105
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism up 3
.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries Corresp
ondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals worldwi
de last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, according to
 the World Tourism
Organisation, writes Michael Skapinker, Leisure Industrie
s Correspondent.
International tourism receipts rose by 9 per cent to Dollar
s 324bn (Pounds
219bn).
The East Asian and Pacific region recorded the highe
st level of growth last
year, with arrivals up 11.8 per cent to 68.5m.
Touri
st receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 52.6bn.
The Americas
 recorded the second highest growth, with arrivals up 5.6 per
cent to 106.5m
 and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Europe remained the world'
s largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receipts o
f Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and 5.7
 per cent respectively.
</TEXT>
<XX>
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<PAGE> Lond
on Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism up 3
.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries Corresp
ondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals worldwi
de last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, according to
 the World Tourism
Organisation, writes Michael Skapinker, Leisure Industrie
s Correspondent.
International tourism receipts rose by 9 per cent to Dollar
s 324bn (Pounds
219bn).
The East Asian and Pacific region recorded the highe
st level of growth last
year, with arrivals up 11.8 per cent to 68.5m.
Touri
st receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 52.6bn.
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cent to 106.5m
 and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Europe remained the world'
s largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receipts o
f Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and 5.7
 per cent respectively.
</TEXT>
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<PAGE> Lond
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105
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<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism up 3
.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries Corresp
ondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals worldwi
de last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, according to
 the World Tourism
Organisation, writes Michael Skapinker, Leisure Industrie
s Correspondent.
International tourism receipts rose by 9 per cent to Dollar
s 324bn (Pounds
219bn).
The East Asian and Pacific region recorded the highe
st level of growth last
year, with arrivals up 11.8 per cent to 68.5m.
Touri
st receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 52.6bn.
The Americas
 recorded the second highest growth, with arrivals up 5.6 per
cent to 106.5m
 and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Europe remained the world'
s largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receipts o
f Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and 5.7
 per cent respectively.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XBZ  North Americ
a.
    XEZ  South America.
    XGZ  Europe.
    XOZ  Asia.
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<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Lond
on Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-6187</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CH0BVABKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
26
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 AUG 92 / 18% jump in visitors to Northern Irela
nd </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
THE NUMBER of visitors to Northern Ireland increased b
y 18 per cent to
263,000 last year, the province's tourist board said yester
day.
Mr Hugh O'Neill, board chairman, said the numbers had more than doubled
 over
three years but the government target was for more than 400,000
holida
ymakers by 1994.
Self-catering, bed and breakfast accommodation and touring 
caravan and
camping sites reported big increases in business, although hotel
 occupancy
fell by 1 per cent.
The board's annual report says that holidayma
kers are spending less because
of the recession and the domestic market is w
eak.
There was also a disappointing level of visitors from the US but Mr O'N
eill
said: 'We nevertheless believe that 1992 will be the best ever year for

overseas visitors and for tourism revenue.'
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Time
s
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 6
</PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-8438</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DHPB3ABTFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9308
16
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  16 AUG 93 / Bright spots among the tourism gloom: 
The industry's patchy upturn </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER </
BYLINE>
<TEXT>
YOU KNOW the tourist industry's recession is over when luncht
ime restaurant
customers run into double figures, says Mr Martin Cummings, o
wner of the Inn
on the Lake, in Godalming, Surrey.
Mr Cummings said that his
 20-room inn and restaurant had just started
achieving lunchtime double figu
res. Room occupancy was up 5.2 per cent on
last summer.
Like their colleague
s in the manufacturing sector, managers of tourist
establishments report an 
upturn but say that it is patchy.
Some say they could not survive without No
rth American visitors, others that
the North Americans do not seem to have a
rrived this year.
The English Tourist Board said that it had heard contrasti
ng stories of
success and gloom from different hotels in the same street.
Me
anwhile Mr Brian Hughes, managing director of the St Andrews Golf Hotel in
S
t Andrews, Fife, said the recession in the south of England had led to a
sha
rp fall in guests from there. Business from the US and continental Europe
ha
d been excellent.
At the other end of the country, Mr Cummings said that ano
ther of his
properties, the Amberley Castle country hotel, in Amberley, West
 Sussex, has
enjoyed a 37 per cent increase in occupancy in the past three m
onths
compared with the same period last year.
Most tourism managers agree t
hat business is better this summer than last,
although they have different v
iews on how much better. Mrs Jane Randall,
tourism services officer for Stok
e-on-Trent, said inquiries at the local
tourism information centre were runn
ing at 1,000 a day compared with 500 to
600 last summer.
The different exper
iences of tourist businesses partly reflect the uneven
nature of the upturn.
 They also reflect the fragmented nature of the UK
tourist industry.
Most co
mpanies are small and attract different types of visitor. Some
operate in ma
rkets which are less vulnerable to recession because their
clients are so we
ll-off. Mr Hughes in St Andrews said that American and
continental European 
golfers tended to be wealthier than their UK
counterparts.
'You don't have t
o be well-off to play golf in Britain,' he said. 'The
British golfer tends t
o golf cheaply.' Foreign golfers come to Scotland in
good economic times and
 bad. 'Two points up or down in the exchange rates
doesn't affect them,' he 
said.
Stoke-on-Trent, home to ceramics companies such as Wedgwood, also trie
s to
attract high-spending foreign visitors. Mrs Randall said there were mor
e
high-spenders this year than last. In 1992, the year after the Gulf war,
t
here were many cheap flights on offer in the US and the Americans who
visite
d the city did not have much money to spend.
She said wealthier Americans ap
peared to have returned this summer, along
with an increasing number of cont
inental Europeans and visitors from as far
away as Venezuela.
</TEXT>
<XX>
C
ountries:-
</XX>
<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P5812 Eating Places.
    P7011 Hotels and Motels.
    P7999 Amusement an
d Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</
TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 7 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-14658</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJHBUAGFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
008
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 OCT 92 / Survey on Austria (11): Hotel owners 
calculate carefully - Tourism aims at quality </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By IAN
 RODGER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
FOR AUSTRIA'S ambitious tourism industry, a good ye
ar may not be good
enough.
After several years of rapid expansion in the num
ber of visitors and in
tourism revenue, Austria's most important industry is
 expecting a
significant growth slowdown for 1992, primarily because of the 
world
recession.
Revenue from tourism will still reach a new record high, bu
t hotel owners
and tour operators are talking about a crisis. 'The profitabi
lity of hotels
is very poor, it is a real problem both in the cities and the
 resorts,' says
Mr Michael Raffling, head of the hotel and restaurant sectio
n in the
Austrian chamber of commerce.
Following years of heavy investment i
n expanding and upgrading facilities,
many hotel owners are heavily indebted
 and are being hurt by high European
interest rates. Any difficulties fillin
g beds are often solved by offering
heavy discounts on room prices, which te
nds to depress profits further, he
says.
'We are advising hotel owners to ca
lculate carefully. We tell them not to
subsidise their guests,' Mr Raffling 
says. Instead, he says hotels could
attract more visitors by focusing on spe
cial groups such as skiers, golfers
or fitness fanatics, who are willing the
 pay the full price if their
interests are met.
Tourism experts who are not 
affiliated with the hotel industry do not see
any fundamental problems behin
d the growth slowdown. The extremely hot
weather in central Europe this summ
er has hurt some resorts because many
Austrians decided to stay at home whil
e Germans went to the cooler Baltic
sea resorts, says Mr Paul Schimka, head 
of the tourism section in the
chamber of commerce.
The main cities of Vienna
 and Salzburg, where hotels rely heavily on US and
British visitors, had suf
fered a major setback last year because of the Gulf
war, and are only recove
ring modestly so far this year. Recession in the US
and Britain and the weak
 dollar are keeping those groups of tourists away,
Mr Schimka says.
But he e
xpects the winter season to be very strong 'because last year's
heavy snowfa
ll was the best advertisement we could get.'
Mr Egon Smeral, tourism forecas
ter at the Austrian Economic Research
Institute (WIFO), is expecting a reven
ue increase of 5 per cent or less from
the record ASch364bn earned from tour
ism in 1991. This is less than targets
set early in the year, but it will ke
ep the country on a long-term growth
track well above its main European comp
etitors.
'Austria is gaining market share,' Mr Smeral says. 'Last year, tour
ism in
Europe declined, and this year it is stagnating, but in Austria it is
 still
growing.'
The country continues to benefit indirectly from the war in
 what was
formerly Yugoslavia, because tourists who might have gone there go
 to
Austria instead. Reports of pollution in the Mediterranean may have also

worked in Austria's favour.
Austria is investing heavily in advertising, an
d a series of exhibitions on
the Hapsburg empire is generating good publicit
y as far as San Francisco and
Tokyo.
The number of overnight stays, which cl
imbed 5.3 per cent to 130 million
last year, is likely to stagnate in 1992, 
but experts say this is no reason
to worry. The industry is focusing on qual
ity rather than mass tourism, and
cheap private beds are quickly disappearin
g.
The opening of Eastern Europe has brought less of an influx of low-budget

tourists than many had expected. In the early days after the collapse of th
e
Berlin wall, hordes of tourists in rickety coaches would arrive in Vienna 
at
weekends for a look at the city's treasures and depart after spending alm
ost
nothing. But both the coaches and the tourists' spending power have impr
oved
significantly, tourism officials say.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page IV </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOCNO>FT924-14658</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJHBUAGFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
008
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 OCT 92 / Survey on Austria (11): Hotel owners 
calculate carefully - Tourism aims at quality </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By IAN
 RODGER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
FOR AUSTRIA'S ambitious tourism industry, a good ye
ar may not be good
enough.
After several years of rapid expansion in the num
ber of visitors and in
tourism revenue, Austria's most important industry is
 expecting a
significant growth slowdown for 1992, primarily because of the 
world
recession.
Revenue from tourism will still reach a new record high, bu
t hotel owners
and tour operators are talking about a crisis. 'The profitabi
lity of hotels
is very poor, it is a real problem both in the cities and the
 resorts,' says
Mr Michael Raffling, head of the hotel and restaurant sectio
n in the
Austrian chamber of commerce.
Following years of heavy investment i
n expanding and upgrading facilities,
many hotel owners are heavily indebted
 and are being hurt by high European
interest rates. Any difficulties fillin
g beds are often solved by offering
heavy discounts on room prices, which te
nds to depress profits further, he
says.
'We are advising hotel owners to ca
lculate carefully. We tell them not to
subsidise their guests,' Mr Raffling 
says. Instead, he says hotels could
attract more visitors by focusing on spe
cial groups such as skiers, golfers
or fitness fanatics, who are willing the
 pay the full price if their
interests are met.
Tourism experts who are not 
affiliated with the hotel industry do not see
any fundamental problems behin
d the growth slowdown. The extremely hot
weather in central Europe this summ
er has hurt some resorts because many
Austrians decided to stay at home whil
e Germans went to the cooler Baltic
sea resorts, says Mr Paul Schimka, head 
of the tourism section in the
chamber of commerce.
The main cities of Vienna
 and Salzburg, where hotels rely heavily on US and
British visitors, had suf
fered a major setback last year because of the Gulf
war, and are only recove
ring modestly so far this year. Recession in the US
and Britain and the weak
 dollar are keeping those groups of tourists away,
Mr Schimka says.
But he e
xpects the winter season to be very strong 'because last year's
heavy snowfa
ll was the best advertisement we could get.'
Mr Egon Smeral, tourism forecas
ter at the Austrian Economic Research
Institute (WIFO), is expecting a reven
ue increase of 5 per cent or less from
the record ASch364bn earned from tour
ism in 1991. This is less than targets
set early in the year, but it will ke
ep the country on a long-term growth
track well above its main European comp
etitors.
'Austria is gaining market share,' Mr Smeral says. 'Last year, tour
ism in
Europe declined, and this year it is stagnating, but in Austria it is
 still
growing.'
The country continues to benefit indirectly from the war in
 what was
formerly Yugoslavia, because tourists who might have gone there go
 to
Austria instead. Reports of pollution in the Mediterranean may have also

worked in Austria's favour.
Austria is investing heavily in advertising, an
d a series of exhibitions on
the Hapsburg empire is generating good publicit
y as far as San Francisco and
Tokyo.
The number of overnight stays, which cl
imbed 5.3 per cent to 130 million
last year, is likely to stagnate in 1992, 
but experts say this is no reason
to worry. The industry is focusing on qual
ity rather than mass tourism, and
cheap private beds are quickly disappearin
g.
The opening of Eastern Europe has brought less of an influx of low-budget

tourists than many had expected. In the early days after the collapse of th
e
Berlin wall, hordes of tourists in rickety coaches would arrive in Vienna 
at
weekends for a look at the city's treasures and depart after spending alm
ost
nothing. But both the coaches and the tourists' spending power have impr
oved
significantly, tourism officials say.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page IV </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 125 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-6187</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CH0BVABKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
26
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 AUG 92 / 18% jump in visitors to Northern Irela
nd </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
THE NUMBER of visitors to Northern Ireland increased b
y 18 per cent to
263,000 last year, the province's tourist board said yester
day.
Mr Hugh O'Neill, board chairman, said the numbers had more than doubled
 over
three years but the government target was for more than 400,000
holida
ymakers by 1994.
Self-catering, bed and breakfast accommodation and touring 
caravan and
camping sites reported big increases in business, although hotel
 occupancy
fell by 1 per cent.
The board's annual report says that holidayma
kers are spending less because
of the recession and the domestic market is w
eak.
There was also a disappointing level of visitors from the US but Mr O'N
eill
said: 'We nevertheless believe that 1992 will be the best ever year for

overseas visitors and for tourism revenue.'
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Time
s
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 6
</PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-14658</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJHBUAGFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
008
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  08 OCT 92 / Survey on Austria (11): Hotel owners 
calculate carefully - Tourism aims at quality </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By IAN
 RODGER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
FOR AUSTRIA'S ambitious tourism industry, a good ye
ar may not be good
enough.
After several years of rapid expansion in the num
ber of visitors and in
tourism revenue, Austria's most important industry is
 expecting a
significant growth slowdown for 1992, primarily because of the 
world
recession.
Revenue from tourism will still reach a new record high, bu
t hotel owners
and tour operators are talking about a crisis. 'The profitabi
lity of hotels
is very poor, it is a real problem both in the cities and the
 resorts,' says
Mr Michael Raffling, head of the hotel and restaurant sectio
n in the
Austrian chamber of commerce.
Following years of heavy investment i
n expanding and upgrading facilities,
many hotel owners are heavily indebted
 and are being hurt by high European
interest rates. Any difficulties fillin
g beds are often solved by offering
heavy discounts on room prices, which te
nds to depress profits further, he
says.
'We are advising hotel owners to ca
lculate carefully. We tell them not to
subsidise their guests,' Mr Raffling 
says. Instead, he says hotels could
attract more visitors by focusing on spe
cial groups such as skiers, golfers
or fitness fanatics, who are willing the
 pay the full price if their
interests are met.
Tourism experts who are not 
affiliated with the hotel industry do not see
any fundamental problems behin
d the growth slowdown. The extremely hot
weather in central Europe this summ
er has hurt some resorts because many
Austrians decided to stay at home whil
e Germans went to the cooler Baltic
sea resorts, says Mr Paul Schimka, head 
of the tourism section in the
chamber of commerce.
The main cities of Vienna
 and Salzburg, where hotels rely heavily on US and
British visitors, had suf
fered a major setback last year because of the Gulf
war, and are only recove
ring modestly so far this year. Recession in the US
and Britain and the weak
 dollar are keeping those groups of tourists away,
Mr Schimka says.
But he e
xpects the winter season to be very strong 'because last year's
heavy snowfa
ll was the best advertisement we could get.'
Mr Egon Smeral, tourism forecas
ter at the Austrian Economic Research
Institute (WIFO), is expecting a reven
ue increase of 5 per cent or less from
the record ASch364bn earned from tour
ism in 1991. This is less than targets
set early in the year, but it will ke
ep the country on a long-term growth
track well above its main European comp
etitors.
'Austria is gaining market share,' Mr Smeral says. 'Last year, tour
ism in
Europe declined, and this year it is stagnating, but in Austria it is
 still
growing.'
The country continues to benefit indirectly from the war in
 what was
formerly Yugoslavia, because tourists who might have gone there go
 to
Austria instead. Reports of pollution in the Mediterranean may have also

worked in Austria's favour.
Austria is investing heavily in advertising, an
d a series of exhibitions on
the Hapsburg empire is generating good publicit
y as far as San Francisco and
Tokyo.
The number of overnight stays, which cl
imbed 5.3 per cent to 130 million
last year, is likely to stagnate in 1992, 
but experts say this is no reason
to worry. The industry is focusing on qual
ity rather than mass tourism, and
cheap private beds are quickly disappearin
g.
The opening of Eastern Europe has brought less of an influx of low-budget

tourists than many had expected. In the early days after the collapse of th
e
Berlin wall, hordes of tourists in rickety coaches would arrive in Vienna 
at
weekends for a look at the city's treasures and depart after spending alm
ost
nothing. But both the coaches and the tourists' spending power have impr
oved
significantly, tourism officials say.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times 
</PUB>
<PAGE> London Page IV </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 127 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT922-2489</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CFQA6AAWFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
17
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  17 JUN 92 / US figures point to sustained recovery
 </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL PROWSE </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   WASHINGTO
N
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
A SHARP rebound in housing starts and a solid increase 
in industrial
production were yesterday seen as encouraging signs that the U
S economic
recovery will be sustained through the summer.
Industrial output 
rose 0.6 per cent in May, to register its fourth
consecutive monthly increas
e. Housing starts jumped 11 per cent, making good
much of an erratic 17 per 
cent decline in April.
'The recovery is on track and gaining momentum, but s
till remains about
half-speed relative to previous upturns,' said Mr David L
ittmann, senior
economist at Manufacturers National Corp, a Detroit bank. Th
e main factor
driving the recovery was the Federal Reserve's 'very stimulati
ve' monetary
policy.
Doubts about the recovery's momentum had been raised by
 reports in the past
10 days showing weaker-than-expected retail sales and e
mployment last month.
The mixed pattern of statistics, however, is character
istic of a sluggish
economic recovery, in which different sectors advance at
 differing speeds.
Housing starts are running at a seasonally adjusted annua
l rate of 1.23m,
roughly in line with the average rate for the first quarter
. In the first
five months of this year, starts were 28 per cent higher than
 in the same
period last year.
The housing recovery was broadly based, affec
ting all types of residential
structures and all regions. Building permits, 
a guide to future trends,
dropped slightly last month.
The rise in industria
l output last month was led by increased production of
cars, light trucks an
d other durable consumer goods. Production is now
running 2.2 per cent highe
r than in May last year.
Separate figures yesterday indicated that the US cu
rrent account deficit
fell to Dollars 5.3bn (Pounds 2.9bn) in the first quar
ter, against Dollars
7.2bn in the final three months of last year. The impro
vement reflected
lower oil prices, higher receipts from tourism and increase
d earnings on
overseas assets.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE
>
London Page 6
</PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DATE>9206
04
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  04 JUN 92 / Rise in number of foreign tourists </H
EADLINE>
<DATELINE>    A TOTAL of 220,000 north Americans visited the UK in 
March </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
the second-highest March figure ever. The total num
ber of overseas visitors
in the first three months of the year was 3.2m, a 1
4 per cent increase on
the first quarter of last year, when tourism was hit 
by the Gulf war.
The visitors who came in the first quarter spent Pounds 1.3
bn - also 14 per
cent up on the same period last year.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Fina
ncial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 10 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 129 ==============================================
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<PROFILE>_AN-CFDA4AEIFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
04
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  04 JUN 92 / Rise in number of foreign tourists </H
EADLINE>
<DATELINE>    A TOTAL of 220,000 north Americans visited the UK in 
March </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
the second-highest March figure ever. The total num
ber of overseas visitors
in the first three months of the year was 3.2m, a 1
4 per cent increase on
the first quarter of last year, when tourism was hit 
by the Gulf war.
The visitors who came in the first quarter spent Pounds 1.3
bn - also 14 per
cent up on the same period last year.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Fina
ncial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 10 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 130 ==============================================
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<DOC>
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<PROFILE>_AN-CFQA6AAWFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
17
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  17 JUN 92 / US figures point to sustained recovery
 </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL PROWSE </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   WASHINGTO
N
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
A SHARP rebound in housing starts and a solid increase 
in industrial
production were yesterday seen as encouraging signs that the U
S economic
recovery will be sustained through the summer.
Industrial output 
rose 0.6 per cent in May, to register its fourth
consecutive monthly increas
e. Housing starts jumped 11 per cent, making good
much of an erratic 17 per 
cent decline in April.
'The recovery is on track and gaining momentum, but s
till remains about
half-speed relative to previous upturns,' said Mr David L
ittmann, senior
economist at Manufacturers National Corp, a Detroit bank. Th
e main factor
driving the recovery was the Federal Reserve's 'very stimulati
ve' monetary
policy.
Doubts about the recovery's momentum had been raised by
 reports in the past
10 days showing weaker-than-expected retail sales and e
mployment last month.
The mixed pattern of statistics, however, is character
istic of a sluggish
economic recovery, in which different sectors advance at
 differing speeds.
Housing starts are running at a seasonally adjusted annua
l rate of 1.23m,
roughly in line with the average rate for the first quarter
. In the first
five months of this year, starts were 28 per cent higher than
 in the same
period last year.
The housing recovery was broadly based, affec
ting all types of residential
structures and all regions. Building permits, 
a guide to future trends,
dropped slightly last month.
The rise in industria
l output last month was led by increased production of
cars, light trucks an
d other durable consumer goods. Production is now
running 2.2 per cent highe
r than in May last year.
Separate figures yesterday indicated that the US cu
rrent account deficit
fell to Dollars 5.3bn (Pounds 2.9bn) in the first quar
ter, against Dollars
7.2bn in the final three months of last year. The impro
vement reflected
lower oil prices, higher receipts from tourism and increase
d earnings on
overseas assets.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE
>
London Page 6
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 131 ==============================================
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<PROFILE>_AN-CFDA4AEIFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
04
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  04 JUN 92 / Rise in number of foreign tourists </H
EADLINE>
<DATELINE>    A TOTAL of 220,000 north Americans visited the UK in 
March </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
the second-highest March figure ever. The total num
ber of overseas visitors
in the first three months of the year was 3.2m, a 1
4 per cent increase on
the first quarter of last year, when tourism was hit 
by the Gulf war.
The visitors who came in the first quarter spent Pounds 1.3
bn - also 14 per
cent up on the same period last year.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Fina
ncial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 10 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 132 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-279</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CL2BCAB6FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>92122
9
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  29 DEC 92 / Japan current account surplus tops Doll
ars 106bn </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By ROBERT THOMSON </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   
TOKYO
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
JAPAN'S current account surplus in November rose 48
 per cent from a year
earlier to Dollars 10.4bn (Pounds 6.8bn) bringing the 
cumulative total so
far this year to Dollars 106.2bn, the first time it has 
topped Dollars
100bn.
The government expects the surplus to go on rising in 
coming months,
overshadowing the previous yearly record of Dollars 87bn in 1
987 and
possibly prompting an increase in trade tension with the US and Euro
pean
Community.
Finance ministry officials said the surge in the surplus las
t month was
caused by a fall in demand for imports (down 5.7 per cent) and a
n unusually
large Dollars 1.1bn surplus in invisible items, which resulted f
rom a
decline in the travel account deficit and an increase in the investmen
t
account surplus.
The travel account deficit has fallen for three consecuti
ve months because
of a decrease in tourism departures, a side-effect of the 
economic downturn,
while Japanese companies are thought to be repatriating a
n increasing amount
of their returns on foreign investment.
In the long-term
 capital account, foreigners' net sales of Japanese shares
were Dollars 1.48
bn during the month, compared with net sales of Dollars 86m
in October. Net 
purchases of Japanese bonds were Dollars 1.5bn, a sharp
turnround from net s
ales of Dollars 3.6bn the previous month. Net Japanese
purchases of foreign 
stocks totalled Dollars 994m, compared with Dollars
761m in October.
The ove
rall balance of payments showed a surplus of Dollars 149m, compared
with Dol
lars 12.6bn in the same month last year.
Leadership tussle, Page 3
Japanese 
stocks, Page 27
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 1
2
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 133 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-16479</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EJMDEAC6FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
013
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  13 OCT 94 / Survey of Bulgaria (7): Western visit
ors lead the way - Theodor Troev finds that prospects for the tourist indust
ry are picking up </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By THEODOR TROEV </BYLINE>
<TEXT>

The Russians are back, enjoying their holidays in some of the best resorts
a
long Bulgaria's sandy Black Sea coast - not shepherded in large groups as
th
ey were under the communist regime, but strolling around with the
self-confi
dence of big spenders.
'Now everybody wants to attract Russians,' says Dotko
 Dotkov, general
director of Grand Hotel Varna, Bulgaria's only five-star ho
tel on the Black
Sea, and the first to be privatised earlier this year.
Iron
ically, it is often German tour companies that are bringing the Russians
bac
k. Big operators, such as TUI, have become aware of the reviving market
in w
hat was for decades the Riviera of the former Eastern bloc and their
branch 
offices in Russia - better organised than local competitors - have
been more
 successful than most in selling Bulgarian holidays.
But the recent increase
 in arrivals from the east has not yet reversed a
trend which began after th
e collapse of communism. Until then, Bulgaria had
been forced into the lower
 end of the mass tourism market with cheap package
holidays in block-like ho
tels. More than 60 per cent of tourists then came
from Eastern bloc countrie
s.
Since 1990, the number of Russian and east European visitors has dropped 
to
less than 15 per cent of the total while western markets have picked up. 
The
number of travellers from western Europe grew by 28 per cent last year w
hen
the overall number of visitors rose to 2.4m from 872,000 in 1992.
Most o
f these come from Germany (with a market share of more than 40 per
cent) and
 Britain (with a market share of more than 25 per cent) followed by
Norway, 
Greece, the Netherlands, Sweden and Denmark.
No official figures are availab
le for this year but there is strong visual
evidence of a sharp rise after a
 slow start.
The main state-owned tour operators, Balkantourist whose name u
ntil 1990 was
synonymous with the country's travel industry, and Balkan Holi
days, with
subsidiaries in 17 countries, have reported increased demand thro
ughout the
season. Seaside and mountain resorts, which have started negotiat
ing
directly with foreign partners, as well as most private operators, also

report a steady flow of business.
Tourism managers have started to pay more 
attention to the long-term image
of the country and managed to prevent doubl
e-booking this summer. Last year,
Bulgaria received bad publicity when some 
customers of Balkan Holidays, the
main agency for the UK, arrived on the Bla
ck Sea to find their rooms
occupied by higher-paying German visitors.
Proble
ms of this sort are not uncommon at a time when Bulgaria's travel
industry i
s trying to make the bold step from state ownership to free market
and priva
te initiative. The first steps led to chaos, largely due to the
lack of a cl
ear tourism policy and the power struggle between institutions
such as the C
ommittee of Tourism, the Privatisation Agency, and the still
powerful manage
rs of state-owned resorts and hotels.
Western consultants who have looked in
to Bulgaria's leisure industry
identify drawbacks such as poor quality of se
rvice and infrastructure, some
unsafe hotels and inhospitable airports. Only
 6 per cent of the country's
high class hotels were estimated to meet Europe
an standards. Substantial
investment will be needed to upgrade them and attr
act a more up-market
clientele.
But officials are optimistic about the long-
term potential of the industry.
The country is only just starting to promote
 its wealth of Thracian, Roman
and Byzantine remains, monasteries and mounta
ins.
Apart from cheap summer seaside or winter skiing packages, Bulgarian to
ur
operators can also offer special interest tours, focusing on traditional

architecture, history, religion, arts, hunting and rural tourism.
Picturesqu
e little towns on the Black Sea such as Nessebur and Sozopol,
built over anc
ient Thracian and Greek ports, now offer holidays in
residents' houses match
ing Greek islands-style vacations. Untapped
opportunities also exist in spa 
treatment, motor touring and green tourism,
as well as in conference travel.

</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>BGZ  Bulgaria, East Europe.
</CN>
<XX>
I
ndustries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:
-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
    MKTS  Market shares.
</TP>
<PUB>Th
e Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 15
</PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 136 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT931-4214</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DCLBZAHVFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9303
11
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  11 MAR 93 / World Trade News: Facility to boost E 
Europe travel </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID DODWELL, World Trade Editor <
/BYLINE>
<TEXT>
A MULTI-MILLION dollar facility to stimulate tourism in cent
ral and eastern
Europe is being launched this week by the European Bank for 
Reconstruction
and Development, in collaboration with the World Travel and T
ourism Council.
The facility will be made up of three parts: a fund for infr
astructure
projects linked with stimulating travel and tourism; a fund for p
rivate
sector tourism projects such as hotels and holiday resorts; a third,

smaller, tranche for consultants commissioned to make feasibility studies.
E
BRD funds will be matched by private sector investment 'in the form of
know-
how and expertise,' said Mr James D. Robinson, WTTC chairman.
Travel and tou
rism in the region have been badly hit lately. Earnings fell
more than 8 per
 cent between 1989 and 1990, the last year for which the WTTC
has data. Capi
tal investment in the region's travel and tourism is projected
to fall from 
Dollars 76bn in 1990 to Dollars 65bn (Pounds 45.7bn) this year.
</TEXT>
<XX>

Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
</C
O>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XLZ  East Europe.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX
>
<IN>P7011 Hotels and Motels.
    P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
    
P4725 Tour Operators.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>MKTS  Shipments.
    RES 
 Capital expenditures.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internat
ional Page 6 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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<DOCNO>FT931-1895</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DCXAWAE9FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9303
23
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  23 MAR 93 / Greek current account gap wider despit
e rise in tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>

   ATHENS
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
GREECE'S current account deficit widened by 33
.4 per cent to Dollars 2.03bn
(Pounds 1.42bn) last year, despite a marked in
crease in tourism earnings and
high levels of European Community transfers.

The trade deficit worsened by 12.5 per cent, to Dollars 13.84bn, with export

earnings covering less than one-third of import payments.
According to cent
ral bank officials, the larger-than-expected deficit
reflected the effects o
f last autumn's upheaval on European currency
markets. The government had fo
recast a current account shortfall of Dollars
1.6bn for 1992, based on reduc
ed growth in imports as economic stabilisation
continued.
Imports jumped sha
rply in October in response to fears that the drachma
would be devalued, whi
le foreign currency inflows were held back. Imports
totalled Dollars 19.85bn
 in 1992, a 3.9 per cent rise.
The government's strong drachma policy, tying
 the currency to the D-Mark, is
blamed for an 11.6 per cent decline in expor
t earnings to Dollars 6.01bn.
Greek products grew less competitive towards t
he end of 1992 after the lira
and peseta were devalued.
However, the invisib
les surplus improved by 9.5 per cent last year, thanks
to a record number of
 tourist arrivals. Receipts from tourism, still
Greece's biggest single sour
ce of foreign exchange earnings, surged by 27.3
per cent to Dollars 3.27bn.

Remittances from Greeks living abroad rose more slowly, by 9.5 per cent to
D
ollars 2.37bn.
EC transfers remained steady at Dollars 4.06bn, equivalent to
 almost 5 per
cent of Greece's gross domestic product. While two-thirds of G
reek income
from the Community covers support payments to farmers, the gover
nment has
grown more efficient at tapping EC structural funds, drawing down 
more than
90 per cent of available funding last year.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries
:-
</XX>
<CN>GRZ  Greece, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Admini
stration of General Economic Programs.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>ECON  Ba
lance of trade.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 3
<
/PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 140 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-1609</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ELSDLAFKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9412
19
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly 
- Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KAREN FOSSLI </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism i
s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade
is relativ
ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry,
generating annual 
turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is
derived from foreign to
urists.
The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's

unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000

lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350
museu
ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the
year.

The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but
nose-div
ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic
governme
nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism
to 25 per
 cent in two stages.
The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes
t recession to hit
Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov
ered during 1991-93
after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr 
Carl Bildt,
reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent.

These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which
be
gan at the end of 1993.
Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT 
remains significantly
higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig
orously that prices in
their country have become competitive with the rest o
f Europe while a main
priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that 
Sweden is far too
expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t
han just the
elite.
'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw
eden is too
expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke
ting Sweden
abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor
t on the
country.
In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn
ight stays in
Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th
e year-earlier
period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will
 be a record
year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays
 alone
reached 6.1m.
During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish 
tourists accounted
for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent
age terms, rising
respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors
 rose by 14 per
cent.
German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors
 to Sweden, increased
their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1
1 per cent.
Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a 
forecast
rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a
lone. It
is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t
o the
capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe
nting
an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993.
Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi
dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel
and Tourist Council, attr
ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to
Sweden's attractive prices -
 in foreign currency terms - since the krona was
devalued by nearly 30 per c
ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight
recovery of the economy are a
lso considered significant.
NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more 
in Sweden since the
devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar
 has risen 18 per
cent and the German mark 30 per cent.
But the Swedes proba
bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank
for foreign interes
t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter
Olympics earlier this 
year.
For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl
it
'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in

Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and
mu
st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination.
The Olympi
cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this
year but 
it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish
tourism.
Acco
rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the
state-bac
ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies
revealed th
at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part
of a Scandi
navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint
Scandinavian tour
ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if
any, benefits from
 such a scheme.
Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw
areness of
Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the

organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish
Tour
ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS.
Ima
ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m
annu
ally.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>SEZ  Sweden, West Europe.
</CN>
<XX
>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.

</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financ
ial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page IV
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 142 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT943-44</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EI3DUAHVFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940930

</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  30 SEP 94 / Survey of World Economy and Finance - In
dustry (28): A powerhouse of revenue - Tourism / Developing countries are co
ttoning on </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD GORDON </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
At a r
ecent tourism conference, held on a Thames river boat in London,
Stephen Dor
rell, the UK heritage secretary, told a group of tourism leaders
that Britai
n needs to regain its declining share of the growing global
tourism market. 
At that moment, a London red bus, emblazoned with a sign
inviting Londoners 
to 'Visit Korea in 1994', thundered overhead on Vauxhall
Bridge.
The problem
 for Britain, and other traditional tourist destinations, is that
the rest o
f the world has cottoned on to tourism. As the biggest growth
industry, empl
oyer and source of revenue around the world, many developing
countries have 
realised a quicker way to buy into first world affluence is
by boosting thei
r tourism potential rather then by selling tractors, bananas
and rice.
Globa
l tourism, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will double
in s
ize between 1990 and 2005. The market has been growing by 5 per cent a
year 
in real terms since 1970. In 1993, the global tourism industry
generated USD
ollars 3,400bn in gross output, produced 10.1 per cent of GDP,
and accounted
 for 10.5 per cent of all jobs.
The Council says governments cannot afford t
o ignore the industry's role as
an economic powerhouse and should make it a 
strategic development priority.
The sheer size of the global industry has aw
akened many multinational
companies to the possibilities of global brands an
d market dominance. As
airlines form international networks and alliances, s
o, too, travel agents,
hotel brands and car hire firms are banding together.

Several companies have already made the first moves towards serving the
glo
bal tourism marketplace. The US travel agent Carlson, together with its
Euro
pean counterpart Wagonlit, is now the world's largest travel agent, with
4,0
00 units. Carlson also wants to be the world's largest hotel brand using
its
 Radisson name. American Express is about to buy a large chunk of Thomas
Coo
k's travel agency business in North America, the largest tourism market
The 
only areas not targeted by the global brands are the Middle East and
Asia, w
here international arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific grew four
times fas
ter than the world average in 1993, reaching a record of 69m
visitors. While
 arrivals were up by 12.6 per cent, revenue grew by 15.2 per
cent to USDolla
rs 52.6bn. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts 101m
arrivals in East As
ia and the Pacific by 2000, and 190m by 2010.
However, this growth may be co
nstrained by a shortage of human resources,
the health and safety of tourist
s, environmental concerns, under-developed
infrastructure and local resident
s' unease over the number of tourists.
But global tourism growth makes it cl
ear why the UK annual tourism revenue
growth of 5.7 per cent has caused a gr
eat deal of hand wringing within
certain UK tourism industry circles.
Robert
 Peel, chairman and chief executive of UK hotel company Mount
Charlotte Inve
stments, says the world tourism market is all about value for
money.
'There 
is a distinct relationship between prices and volume in world
tourism. To ge
t more tourists to the UK we have to make it worth their while
to come here.
 The foreign exchange rate is a big factor in the equation. The
UK is now 20
 per cent better value for foreign tourists than two years ago.'
But the UK 
is facing tough competition in the international marketplace. For
example, M
exico, Australia and the Caribbean island of Aruba each spend more
on touris
m promotion in the US than the UK does. The biggest expense of any
tourism d
estination is advertising and promotion. In 1993, national
governments spent
 USDollars 1.4bn selling themselves to the tourists.
Apart from advertising,
 other factors such as investment in tourism
infrastructure, new airline rou
tes and political stability influence the
international tourists' holiday de
cision.
One of the most important issues impacting the MIddle East is the pr
esent
peace negotiations between Israel, the PLO, Jordan and Syria. The lack
 of
peace in the region has been a principal reason for the limited number o
f
tourist arrivals. As a whole, the Middle East in its best year of 1992
att
racted only 2 per cent of the world's tourist arrivals or 9m visitors,
compa
red to Greece which also attracted 9m.
Israel stands to benefit the most in 
terms of tourism from the recent peace
process. Tourist arrivals in Israel r
eached a record level of 1.65m last
year. Lasting peace in the region would 
create a vast influx of business and
leisure tourists in Israel. Jordan, Leb
anon, and Syria could also expect to
see a sizeable increase in tourism.
Vie
tnam is the latest fashionable destination for tourists. There has been
huge
 growth in tourism to Vietnam, but the figures are relatively small.
Most vi
sitors are business people as tourist visas are hard to obtain.
Foreign inve
stment in Vietnam in the first quarter of this year jumped by 58
per cent co
mpared to the same period last year. Between 1988 and 1990, most
projects in
volving foreign money were in the hotel and oil sectors. The
total amount of
 foreign investment in 1994 is expected to reach USDollars
3.5bn, of which 7
0 per cent is in joint ventures.
The emergence and acceptability of Vietnam 
was confirmed recently when
British Airways announced that it is negotiating
 to operate two flights per
week from London to Ho Chi Minh City.
Robert Bur
ns, chairman of the World Travel & Tourism Council, believes
Shanghai will e
merge in 10 years as the most important Asian city. A new
airport, which cou
ld handle 150 landings an hour, is being built. Hotels in
Shanghai are opera
ting at near capacity and room rates are rocketing.
As Mr Burns pointed out,
 Japan now has a policy, the result of a balance of
trade problem, that 20 p
er cent of its population should travel abroad by
2010. If China ever had ju
st two 2 per cent of its population travelling
overseas, the rest of the wor
ld would be inundated with Chinese tourists.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>

<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
    XAZ  World.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<
IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P7999 Amusement an
d Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</
TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page XVI </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 143 ==============================================
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Selec. Rec. #:      7

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT943-44</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EI3DUAHVFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940930

</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  30 SEP 94 / Survey of World Economy and Finance - In
dustry (28): A powerhouse of revenue - Tourism / Developing countries are co
ttoning on </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD GORDON </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
At a r
ecent tourism conference, held on a Thames river boat in London,
Stephen Dor
rell, the UK heritage secretary, told a group of tourism leaders
that Britai
n needs to regain its declining share of the growing global
tourism market. 
At that moment, a London red bus, emblazoned with a sign
inviting Londoners 
to 'Visit Korea in 1994', thundered overhead on Vauxhall
Bridge.
The problem
 for Britain, and other traditional tourist destinations, is that
the rest o
f the world has cottoned on to tourism. As the biggest growth
industry, empl
oyer and source of revenue around the world, many developing
countries have 
realised a quicker way to buy into first world affluence is
by boosting thei
r tourism potential rather then by selling tractors, bananas
and rice.
Globa
l tourism, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will double
in s
ize between 1990 and 2005. The market has been growing by 5 per cent a
year 
in real terms since 1970. In 1993, the global tourism industry
generated USD
ollars 3,400bn in gross output, produced 10.1 per cent of GDP,
and accounted
 for 10.5 per cent of all jobs.
The Council says governments cannot afford t
o ignore the industry's role as
an economic powerhouse and should make it a 
strategic development priority.
The sheer size of the global industry has aw
akened many multinational
companies to the possibilities of global brands an
d market dominance. As
airlines form international networks and alliances, s
o, too, travel agents,
hotel brands and car hire firms are banding together.

Several companies have already made the first moves towards serving the
glo
bal tourism marketplace. The US travel agent Carlson, together with its
Euro
pean counterpart Wagonlit, is now the world's largest travel agent, with
4,0
00 units. Carlson also wants to be the world's largest hotel brand using
its
 Radisson name. American Express is about to buy a large chunk of Thomas
Coo
k's travel agency business in North America, the largest tourism market
The 
only areas not targeted by the global brands are the Middle East and
Asia, w
here international arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific grew four
times fas
ter than the world average in 1993, reaching a record of 69m
visitors. While
 arrivals were up by 12.6 per cent, revenue grew by 15.2 per
cent to USDolla
rs 52.6bn. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts 101m
arrivals in East As
ia and the Pacific by 2000, and 190m by 2010.
However, this growth may be co
nstrained by a shortage of human resources,
the health and safety of tourist
s, environmental concerns, under-developed
infrastructure and local resident
s' unease over the number of tourists.
But global tourism growth makes it cl
ear why the UK annual tourism revenue
growth of 5.7 per cent has caused a gr
eat deal of hand wringing within
certain UK tourism industry circles.
Robert
 Peel, chairman and chief executive of UK hotel company Mount
Charlotte Inve
stments, says the world tourism market is all about value for
money.
'There 
is a distinct relationship between prices and volume in world
tourism. To ge
t more tourists to the UK we have to make it worth their while
to come here.
 The foreign exchange rate is a big factor in the equation. The
UK is now 20
 per cent better value for foreign tourists than two years ago.'
But the UK 
is facing tough competition in the international marketplace. For
example, M
exico, Australia and the Caribbean island of Aruba each spend more
on touris
m promotion in the US than the UK does. The biggest expense of any
tourism d
estination is advertising and promotion. In 1993, national
governments spent
 USDollars 1.4bn selling themselves to the tourists.
Apart from advertising,
 other factors such as investment in tourism
infrastructure, new airline rou
tes and political stability influence the
international tourists' holiday de
cision.
One of the most important issues impacting the MIddle East is the pr
esent
peace negotiations between Israel, the PLO, Jordan and Syria. The lack
 of
peace in the region has been a principal reason for the limited number o
f
tourist arrivals. As a whole, the Middle East in its best year of 1992
att
racted only 2 per cent of the world's tourist arrivals or 9m visitors,
compa
red to Greece which also attracted 9m.
Israel stands to benefit the most in 
terms of tourism from the recent peace
process. Tourist arrivals in Israel r
eached a record level of 1.65m last
year. Lasting peace in the region would 
create a vast influx of business and
leisure tourists in Israel. Jordan, Leb
anon, and Syria could also expect to
see a sizeable increase in tourism.
Vie
tnam is the latest fashionable destination for tourists. There has been
huge
 growth in tourism to Vietnam, but the figures are relatively small.
Most vi
sitors are business people as tourist visas are hard to obtain.
Foreign inve
stment in Vietnam in the first quarter of this year jumped by 58
per cent co
mpared to the same period last year. Between 1988 and 1990, most
projects in
volving foreign money were in the hotel and oil sectors. The
total amount of
 foreign investment in 1994 is expected to reach USDollars
3.5bn, of which 7
0 per cent is in joint ventures.
The emergence and acceptability of Vietnam 
was confirmed recently when
British Airways announced that it is negotiating
 to operate two flights per
week from London to Ho Chi Minh City.
Robert Bur
ns, chairman of the World Travel & Tourism Council, believes
Shanghai will e
merge in 10 years as the most important Asian city. A new
airport, which cou
ld handle 150 landings an hour, is being built. Hotels in
Shanghai are opera
ting at near capacity and room rates are rocketing.
As Mr Burns pointed out,
 Japan now has a policy, the result of a balance of
trade problem, that 20 p
er cent of its population should travel abroad by
2010. If China ever had ju
st two 2 per cent of its population travelling
overseas, the rest of the wor
ld would be inundated with Chinese tourists.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>

<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
    XAZ  World.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<
IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P7999 Amusement an
d Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</
TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page XVI </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 144 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-1609</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ELSDLAFKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9412
19
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  19 DEC 94 / Survey of Sweden (7): Growing rapidly 
- Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KAREN FOSSLI </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism i
s one of Sweden's fastest-growing sectors and, although the trade
is relativ
ely young, ranks as the country's third-largest industry,
generating annual 
turnover of an estimated SKr98bn of which SKr21bn is
derived from foreign to
urists.
The attraction of Sweden has to be, among many things, the country's

unspoilt environment and alluring scenery comprising 60,000 islands, 90,000

lakes, a 4,725-mile coastline and endless forests. There are also 350
museu
ms in the country and a wide variety of special events throughout the
year.

The tourist industry peaked in 1989 when turnover hit SKr100bn, but
nose-div
ed by nearly SKr80bn during 1990-91 when the then Social Democratic
governme
nt led by Mr Ingvar Carlsson, increased value added tax on tourism
to 25 per
 cent in two stages.
The VAT increase coincided with the onset of the deepes
t recession to hit
Sweden since the second world war. But the industry recov
ered during 1991-93
after a new conservative Moderate government, led by Mr 
Carl Bildt,
reorganised the marketing of tourism and cut VAT to 12 per cent.

These factors were aided by the start of a recovery in the economy which
be
gan at the end of 1993.
Nevertheless, even after the rate cut, Sweden's VAT 
remains significantly
higher than the European average. The Swedes argue vig
orously that prices in
their country have become competitive with the rest o
f Europe while a main
priority of marketing seeks to dispel 'the myth' that 
Sweden is far too
expensive to be considered a holiday destination by more t
han just the
elite.
'Surveys show that many foreigners still believe that Sw
eden is too
expensive. Heavy resources are therefore being invested in marke
ting Sweden
abroad,' the Swedish Trade Council said in its 1994 annual repor
t on the
country.
In the first nine months of this year, the number of overn
ight stays in
Swedish hotels by foreigners rose 13 per cent compared with th
e year-earlier
period, and industry executives are predicting that 1994 will
 be a record
year in terms of growth. Last year, foreigners' overnight stays
 alone
reached 6.1m.
During the first nine months of 1994, Dutch and Danish 
tourists accounted
for the highest growth rate in overnight stays in percent
age terms, rising
respectively 25 per cent and 26 per cent while US visitors
 rose by 14 per
cent.
German tourists, the largest group of foreign visitors
 to Sweden, increased
their overnight stays by 13 per cent and UK tourists 1
1 per cent.
Another indication of the strength of this year's activity is a 
forecast
rise in the number of cruise ship passengers calling on Stockholm a
lone. It
is estimated that international cruise ships will make 125 visits t
o the
capital city this year, carrying a total of 70,000 passengers, represe
nting
an increase of 10,000 passengers over 1993.
Mr Per-Johann Orrby, presi
dent of Next Stop Sweden (NSS), the Swedish Travel
and Tourist Council, attr
ibutes the rise in tourism's fortunes partly to
Sweden's attractive prices -
 in foreign currency terms - since the krona was
devalued by nearly 30 per c
ent in 1992. The reduction of VAT and a slight
recovery of the economy are a
lso considered significant.
NSS reckons that sterling buys 15 per cent more 
in Sweden since the
devaluation, while the purchasing power of the US dollar
 has risen 18 per
cent and the German mark 30 per cent.
But the Swedes proba
bly also have their next-door Nordic neighbours to thank
for foreign interes
t, following Norway's success in arranging the Winter
Olympics earlier this 
year.
For more than two weeks in February, hours and hours of pristine, sunl
it
'Scandinavian' winter images were broadcast worldwide from Lillehammer in

Norway. Such coverage undoubtedly had a spill-over affect for Sweden and
mu
st have improved the country's standing as a tourist destination.
The Olympi
cs boosted Norway's tourist industry by as much as 5 per cent this
year but 
it would be difficult to quantify the effect it had on Swedish
tourism.
Acco
rding to Mr Jan Brannstrom, managing director of Image Sweden, the
state-bac
ked agency which promotes Sweden internationally, recent studies
revealed th
at about half the foreign tourists visiting Sweden do so as part
of a Scandi
navian tour. But, he said, there were no plans for a joint
Scandinavian tour
ism marketing effort and, in the long-run, he saw few, if
any, benefits from
 such a scheme.
Another important factor which has undoubtedly lifted the aw
areness of
Sweden abroad is the apparent success of the big overhaul of the

organisational structure of marketing services for tourism. The Swedish
Tour
ist Board was dismantled and Image Sweden established together with NSS.
Ima
ge Sweden purchases marketing services from NSS for an estimated NKr60m
annu
ally.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>SEZ  Sweden, West Europe.
</CN>
<XX
>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.

</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financ
ial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page IV
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 145 ==============================================
Transaction #:    145       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT943-44</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EI3DUAHVFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940930

</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  30 SEP 94 / Survey of World Economy and Finance - In
dustry (28): A powerhouse of revenue - Tourism / Developing countries are co
ttoning on </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD GORDON </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
At a r
ecent tourism conference, held on a Thames river boat in London,
Stephen Dor
rell, the UK heritage secretary, told a group of tourism leaders
that Britai
n needs to regain its declining share of the growing global
tourism market. 
At that moment, a London red bus, emblazoned with a sign
inviting Londoners 
to 'Visit Korea in 1994', thundered overhead on Vauxhall
Bridge.
The problem
 for Britain, and other traditional tourist destinations, is that
the rest o
f the world has cottoned on to tourism. As the biggest growth
industry, empl
oyer and source of revenue around the world, many developing
countries have 
realised a quicker way to buy into first world affluence is
by boosting thei
r tourism potential rather then by selling tractors, bananas
and rice.
Globa
l tourism, according to the World Travel & Tourism Council, will double
in s
ize between 1990 and 2005. The market has been growing by 5 per cent a
year 
in real terms since 1970. In 1993, the global tourism industry
generated USD
ollars 3,400bn in gross output, produced 10.1 per cent of GDP,
and accounted
 for 10.5 per cent of all jobs.
The Council says governments cannot afford t
o ignore the industry's role as
an economic powerhouse and should make it a 
strategic development priority.
The sheer size of the global industry has aw
akened many multinational
companies to the possibilities of global brands an
d market dominance. As
airlines form international networks and alliances, s
o, too, travel agents,
hotel brands and car hire firms are banding together.

Several companies have already made the first moves towards serving the
glo
bal tourism marketplace. The US travel agent Carlson, together with its
Euro
pean counterpart Wagonlit, is now the world's largest travel agent, with
4,0
00 units. Carlson also wants to be the world's largest hotel brand using
its
 Radisson name. American Express is about to buy a large chunk of Thomas
Coo
k's travel agency business in North America, the largest tourism market
The 
only areas not targeted by the global brands are the Middle East and
Asia, w
here international arrivals in East Asia and the Pacific grew four
times fas
ter than the world average in 1993, reaching a record of 69m
visitors. While
 arrivals were up by 12.6 per cent, revenue grew by 15.2 per
cent to USDolla
rs 52.6bn. The World Tourism Organisation forecasts 101m
arrivals in East As
ia and the Pacific by 2000, and 190m by 2010.
However, this growth may be co
nstrained by a shortage of human resources,
the health and safety of tourist
s, environmental concerns, under-developed
infrastructure and local resident
s' unease over the number of tourists.
But global tourism growth makes it cl
ear why the UK annual tourism revenue
growth of 5.7 per cent has caused a gr
eat deal of hand wringing within
certain UK tourism industry circles.
Robert
 Peel, chairman and chief executive of UK hotel company Mount
Charlotte Inve
stments, says the world tourism market is all about value for
money.
'There 
is a distinct relationship between prices and volume in world
tourism. To ge
t more tourists to the UK we have to make it worth their while
to come here.
 The foreign exchange rate is a big factor in the equation. The
UK is now 20
 per cent better value for foreign tourists than two years ago.'
But the UK 
is facing tough competition in the international marketplace. For
example, M
exico, Australia and the Caribbean island of Aruba each spend more
on touris
m promotion in the US than the UK does. The biggest expense of any
tourism d
estination is advertising and promotion. In 1993, national
governments spent
 USDollars 1.4bn selling themselves to the tourists.
Apart from advertising,
 other factors such as investment in tourism
infrastructure, new airline rou
tes and political stability influence the
international tourists' holiday de
cision.
One of the most important issues impacting the MIddle East is the pr
esent
peace negotiations between Israel, the PLO, Jordan and Syria. The lack
 of
peace in the region has been a principal reason for the limited number o
f
tourist arrivals. As a whole, the Middle East in its best year of 1992
att
racted only 2 per cent of the world's tourist arrivals or 9m visitors,
compa
red to Greece which also attracted 9m.
Israel stands to benefit the most in 
terms of tourism from the recent peace
process. Tourist arrivals in Israel r
eached a record level of 1.65m last
year. Lasting peace in the region would 
create a vast influx of business and
leisure tourists in Israel. Jordan, Leb
anon, and Syria could also expect to
see a sizeable increase in tourism.
Vie
tnam is the latest fashionable destination for tourists. There has been
huge
 growth in tourism to Vietnam, but the figures are relatively small.
Most vi
sitors are business people as tourist visas are hard to obtain.
Foreign inve
stment in Vietnam in the first quarter of this year jumped by 58
per cent co
mpared to the same period last year. Between 1988 and 1990, most
projects in
volving foreign money were in the hotel and oil sectors. The
total amount of
 foreign investment in 1994 is expected to reach USDollars
3.5bn, of which 7
0 per cent is in joint ventures.
The emergence and acceptability of Vietnam 
was confirmed recently when
British Airways announced that it is negotiating
 to operate two flights per
week from London to Ho Chi Minh City.
Robert Bur
ns, chairman of the World Travel & Tourism Council, believes
Shanghai will e
merge in 10 years as the most important Asian city. A new
airport, which cou
ld handle 150 landings an hour, is being built. Hotels in
Shanghai are opera
ting at near capacity and room rates are rocketing.
As Mr Burns pointed out,
 Japan now has a policy, the result of a balance of
trade problem, that 20 p
er cent of its population should travel abroad by
2010. If China ever had ju
st two 2 per cent of its population travelling
overseas, the rest of the wor
ld would be inundated with Chinese tourists.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>

<CN>GBZ  United Kingdom, EC.
    XAZ  World.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<
IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P7999 Amusement an
d Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</
TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page XVI </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 146 ==============================================
Transaction #:    146       Transaction Code:  39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) 

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-1803</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CCWA7AACFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9203
23
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  23 MAR 92 / Survey of Republic of Cyprus (3): Sign
s of overheating - The economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLIN
E>
<TEXT>
THE unofficial indicators of prosperity in eastern Mediterranean c
ountries -
weekend traffic jams, supermarkets filled with well-groomed shopp
ers and
crowded seaside restaurants - are much in evidence in Cyprus.
A heav
y emphasis on consumer spending is one enduring consequence of the
upheaval 
in 1974 when about 180,000 Greek Cypriots were driven from the
north of the 
island, leaving behind hotels, factories and citrus orchards
that represente
d more than 60 per cent of the island's resources.
Another is the Greek Cypr
iot insistence on acquiring skills abroad, a
reflection both of high unemplo
yment in the early years of rebuilding and
the sense of security derived fro
m being able, if necessary, to earn a
living outside the island. In fact, ec
onomic recovery came swiftly in the
south, with priority given to short-term
 infrastructure projects financed
through foreign aid and borrowing. It took
 only five years for incomes to
return to pre-1974 levels.
Exports rose as n
ew, labour-intensive manufacturing exploited demand in the
Gulf states durin
g the oil boom, while services benefited from Beirut's
decline as a business
 centre. When mass tourism took off in the south, the
growth rate also soare
d, averaging more than 5 per cent in the late 1980s.
However, the Gulf war d
ealt the tourist industry a harsh blow last year.
Although bookings picked u
p as the season advanced, hoteliers were obliged
to accept sharply reduced p
rices to ensure occupancy rates that would cover
the year's costs.
Exports w
ere also affected with a number of small plants dependent on orders
from the
 Gulf being forced to shut down, while port activity at Limassol, a
regional
 transhipment centre, slowed down.
As if this were not enough to contend wit
h, a severe drought hit Cyprus last
winter. With little water available for 
irrigation despite a sustained
conservation effort, agricultural output fell
 by 10.1 per cent. The economy
grew by just 1.5 per cent in 1991.
Yet this a
ppears to have been only a temporary setback, according to the
government pl
anning bureau. Projected growth for 1992 is 7 per cent, led by
a recovery in
 exports and what seems likely to be a record year for tourism.
But as Cypru
s heads into an election year, signs of overheating are
emerging. Inflation 
reached 6 per cent last year; the introduction of value
added tax this summe
r may bring it to 7.5 per cent this year.
While exports remained steady at C
Pounds 390m in 1991, imports surged by 20
per cent as consumers launched a s
pending spree in advance of VAT. This,
coupled with a decline in tourism ear
nings, transformed a current account
surplus of CPounds 40m in 1990 into a C
Pounds 110.8m deficit, equivalent to
3.8 per cent of GDP.
With collective wa
ge agreements in several sectors coming up for renewal
this year, the unions
 will be asking for larger rises on top of index-linked
increases twice a ye
ar. Their bargaining power is enhanced by a labour
shortage which has forced
 employers to import short-term contract workers,
mostly from eastern Europe
.
'Real increases of 3-4 per cent a year are standard now, and the unions ar
e
a militant bunch. It will be hard to restrain demand in an election year,'

says one analyst.
The government has little room to manoeuvre, after being 
forced by
Parliament not only to limit VAT to a single 5 per cent rate but t
o postpone
its introduction for six months. In the meantime, a new tax packa
ge,
including across-the-board cuts in income tax, had already come into eff
ect.
The resulting budget deficit amounted to 5.1 per cent of GDP, double th
e
previous year's figure. But given the pre-electoral commitment to spending

on high profile projects such as port and road improvements, the deficit is

unlikely to shrink much this year.
Still, whatever the imbalances in southe
rn Cyprus, they pale into
insignificance against the problems facing the sel
f-styled Turkish Cypriot
republic.
The collapse in 1990 of the fruit-to-elec
tronics empire of Mr Asil Nadir, a
Cypriot by birth, cut short a brief perio
d of optimism about the future.
About 8,000 Turkish Cypriots, some 12 per ce
nt of the workforce, were
employed in a dozen companies he controlled in nor
thern Cyprus, from citrus
exporting to packaging, hotels and newspaper publi
shing. With three-quarters
of Mr Nadir's employees now out of work, northern
 Cyprus again relies
heavily on aid from Turkey, amounting to more than Doll
ars 60m yearly. Over
the years, Turkish state banks have also financed const
ruction of roads, two
airports and expansion at Kyrenia port. Yet per capita
 income in the north
is less than one-third that in internationally-recognis
ed Cyprus and appears
to be falling further behind. No official figures are 
available, but growth
last year is thought to have been negative, after a 5.
5 per cent rise in
1990.
While crossing the Green Line that divides Cyprus i
s officially forbidden,
several hundred Turkish Cypriots slip into the south
 daily to put in a few
hours of work on a Greek Cypriot construction site.
A
s in the south, tourism is the mainstay of the economy, with some 600,000
vi
sitors from Turkey last year but only 42,000 foreign tourists. Northern
Cypr
us was also hit badly by cancellations due to the Gulf crisis. This
year, a 
30 per cent increase in foreign arrivals is forecast, the result of
more eff
ective marketing in western Europe, and receipts may rise to Dollars
25m.
Bu
t sharing a currency with Turkey means that northern Cyprus imports a
Turkis
h inflation rate of more than 70 per cent. Index-linking of wages now
lags s
everal months behind, adding to the gloomy mood.
With each year that passes,
 it becomes clearer that without a political
settlement, the economic gap be
tween Greek and Turkish Cypriots can only
continue to widen.
</TEXT>
<PUB>Th
e Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page II </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 147 ==============================================
Transaction #:    147       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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Selec. Rec. #:      8

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Associated Variable Length Text:

<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-1803</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CCWA7AACFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9203
23
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  23 MAR 92 / Survey of Republic of Cyprus (3): Sign
s of overheating - The economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLIN
E>
<TEXT>
THE unofficial indicators of prosperity in eastern Mediterranean c
ountries -
weekend traffic jams, supermarkets filled with well-groomed shopp
ers and
crowded seaside restaurants - are much in evidence in Cyprus.
A heav
y emphasis on consumer spending is one enduring consequence of the
upheaval 
in 1974 when about 180,000 Greek Cypriots were driven from the
north of the 
island, leaving behind hotels, factories and citrus orchards
that represente
d more than 60 per cent of the island's resources.
Another is the Greek Cypr
iot insistence on acquiring skills abroad, a
reflection both of high unemplo
yment in the early years of rebuilding and
the sense of security derived fro
m being able, if necessary, to earn a
living outside the island. In fact, ec
onomic recovery came swiftly in the
south, with priority given to short-term
 infrastructure projects financed
through foreign aid and borrowing. It took
 only five years for incomes to
return to pre-1974 levels.
Exports rose as n
ew, labour-intensive manufacturing exploited demand in the
Gulf states durin
g the oil boom, while services benefited from Beirut's
decline as a business
 centre. When mass tourism took off in the south, the
growth rate also soare
d, averaging more than 5 per cent in the late 1980s.
However, the Gulf war d
ealt the tourist industry a harsh blow last year.
Although bookings picked u
p as the season advanced, hoteliers were obliged
to accept sharply reduced p
rices to ensure occupancy rates that would cover
the year's costs.
Exports w
ere also affected with a number of small plants dependent on orders
from the
 Gulf being forced to shut down, while port activity at Limassol, a
regional
 transhipment centre, slowed down.
As if this were not enough to contend wit
h, a severe drought hit Cyprus last
winter. With little water available for 
irrigation despite a sustained
conservation effort, agricultural output fell
 by 10.1 per cent. The economy
grew by just 1.5 per cent in 1991.
Yet this a
ppears to have been only a temporary setback, according to the
government pl
anning bureau. Projected growth for 1992 is 7 per cent, led by
a recovery in
 exports and what seems likely to be a record year for tourism.
But as Cypru
s heads into an election year, signs of overheating are
emerging. Inflation 
reached 6 per cent last year; the introduction of value
added tax this summe
r may bring it to 7.5 per cent this year.
While exports remained steady at C
Pounds 390m in 1991, imports surged by 20
per cent as consumers launched a s
pending spree in advance of VAT. This,
coupled with a decline in tourism ear
nings, transformed a current account
surplus of CPounds 40m in 1990 into a C
Pounds 110.8m deficit, equivalent to
3.8 per cent of GDP.
With collective wa
ge agreements in several sectors coming up for renewal
this year, the unions
 will be asking for larger rises on top of index-linked
increases twice a ye
ar. Their bargaining power is enhanced by a labour
shortage which has forced
 employers to import short-term contract workers,
mostly from eastern Europe
.
'Real increases of 3-4 per cent a year are standard now, and the unions ar
e
a militant bunch. It will be hard to restrain demand in an election year,'

says one analyst.
The government has little room to manoeuvre, after being 
forced by
Parliament not only to limit VAT to a single 5 per cent rate but t
o postpone
its introduction for six months. In the meantime, a new tax packa
ge,
including across-the-board cuts in income tax, had already come into eff
ect.
The resulting budget deficit amounted to 5.1 per cent of GDP, double th
e
previous year's figure. But given the pre-electoral commitment to spending

on high profile projects such as port and road improvements, the deficit is

unlikely to shrink much this year.
Still, whatever the imbalances in southe
rn Cyprus, they pale into
insignificance against the problems facing the sel
f-styled Turkish Cypriot
republic.
The collapse in 1990 of the fruit-to-elec
tronics empire of Mr Asil Nadir, a
Cypriot by birth, cut short a brief perio
d of optimism about the future.
About 8,000 Turkish Cypriots, some 12 per ce
nt of the workforce, were
employed in a dozen companies he controlled in nor
thern Cyprus, from citrus
exporting to packaging, hotels and newspaper publi
shing. With three-quarters
of Mr Nadir's employees now out of work, northern
 Cyprus again relies
heavily on aid from Turkey, amounting to more than Doll
ars 60m yearly. Over
the years, Turkish state banks have also financed const
ruction of roads, two
airports and expansion at Kyrenia port. Yet per capita
 income in the north
is less than one-third that in internationally-recognis
ed Cyprus and appears
to be falling further behind. No official figures are 
available, but growth
last year is thought to have been negative, after a 5.
5 per cent rise in
1990.
While crossing the Green Line that divides Cyprus i
s officially forbidden,
several hundred Turkish Cypriots slip into the south
 daily to put in a few
hours of work on a Greek Cypriot construction site.
A
s in the south, tourism is the mainstay of the economy, with some 600,000
vi
sitors from Turkey last year but only 42,000 foreign tourists. Northern
Cypr
us was also hit badly by cancellations due to the Gulf crisis. This
year, a 
30 per cent increase in foreign arrivals is forecast, the result of
more eff
ective marketing in western Europe, and receipts may rise to Dollars
25m.
Bu
t sharing a currency with Turkey means that northern Cyprus imports a
Turkis
h inflation rate of more than 70 per cent. Index-linking of wages now
lags s
everal months behind, adding to the gloomy mood.
With each year that passes,
 it becomes clearer that without a political
settlement, the economic gap be
tween Greek and Turkish Cypriots can only
continue to widen.
</TEXT>
<PUB>Th
e Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page II </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 148 ==============================================
Transaction #:    148       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-1803</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CCWA7AACFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9203
23
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  23 MAR 92 / Survey of Republic of Cyprus (3): Sign
s of overheating - The economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLIN
E>
<TEXT>
THE unofficial indicators of prosperity in eastern Mediterranean c
ountries -
weekend traffic jams, supermarkets filled with well-groomed shopp
ers and
crowded seaside restaurants - are much in evidence in Cyprus.
A heav
y emphasis on consumer spending is one enduring consequence of the
upheaval 
in 1974 when about 180,000 Greek Cypriots were driven from the
north of the 
island, leaving behind hotels, factories and citrus orchards
that represente
d more than 60 per cent of the island's resources.
Another is the Greek Cypr
iot insistence on acquiring skills abroad, a
reflection both of high unemplo
yment in the early years of rebuilding and
the sense of security derived fro
m being able, if necessary, to earn a
living outside the island. In fact, ec
onomic recovery came swiftly in the
south, with priority given to short-term
 infrastructure projects financed
through foreign aid and borrowing. It took
 only five years for incomes to
return to pre-1974 levels.
Exports rose as n
ew, labour-intensive manufacturing exploited demand in the
Gulf states durin
g the oil boom, while services benefited from Beirut's
decline as a business
 centre. When mass tourism took off in the south, the
growth rate also soare
d, averaging more than 5 per cent in the late 1980s.
However, the Gulf war d
ealt the tourist industry a harsh blow last year.
Although bookings picked u
p as the season advanced, hoteliers were obliged
to accept sharply reduced p
rices to ensure occupancy rates that would cover
the year's costs.
Exports w
ere also affected with a number of small plants dependent on orders
from the
 Gulf being forced to shut down, while port activity at Limassol, a
regional
 transhipment centre, slowed down.
As if this were not enough to contend wit
h, a severe drought hit Cyprus last
winter. With little water available for 
irrigation despite a sustained
conservation effort, agricultural output fell
 by 10.1 per cent. The economy
grew by just 1.5 per cent in 1991.
Yet this a
ppears to have been only a temporary setback, according to the
government pl
anning bureau. Projected growth for 1992 is 7 per cent, led by
a recovery in
 exports and what seems likely to be a record year for tourism.
But as Cypru
s heads into an election year, signs of overheating are
emerging. Inflation 
reached 6 per cent last year; the introduction of value
added tax this summe
r may bring it to 7.5 per cent this year.
While exports remained steady at C
Pounds 390m in 1991, imports surged by 20
per cent as consumers launched a s
pending spree in advance of VAT. This,
coupled with a decline in tourism ear
nings, transformed a current account
surplus of CPounds 40m in 1990 into a C
Pounds 110.8m deficit, equivalent to
3.8 per cent of GDP.
With collective wa
ge agreements in several sectors coming up for renewal
this year, the unions
 will be asking for larger rises on top of index-linked
increases twice a ye
ar. Their bargaining power is enhanced by a labour
shortage which has forced
 employers to import short-term contract workers,
mostly from eastern Europe
.
'Real increases of 3-4 per cent a year are standard now, and the unions ar
e
a militant bunch. It will be hard to restrain demand in an election year,'

says one analyst.
The government has little room to manoeuvre, after being 
forced by
Parliament not only to limit VAT to a single 5 per cent rate but t
o postpone
its introduction for six months. In the meantime, a new tax packa
ge,
including across-the-board cuts in income tax, had already come into eff
ect.
The resulting budget deficit amounted to 5.1 per cent of GDP, double th
e
previous year's figure. But given the pre-electoral commitment to spending

on high profile projects such as port and road improvements, the deficit is

unlikely to shrink much this year.
Still, whatever the imbalances in southe
rn Cyprus, they pale into
insignificance against the problems facing the sel
f-styled Turkish Cypriot
republic.
The collapse in 1990 of the fruit-to-elec
tronics empire of Mr Asil Nadir, a
Cypriot by birth, cut short a brief perio
d of optimism about the future.
About 8,000 Turkish Cypriots, some 12 per ce
nt of the workforce, were
employed in a dozen companies he controlled in nor
thern Cyprus, from citrus
exporting to packaging, hotels and newspaper publi
shing. With three-quarters
of Mr Nadir's employees now out of work, northern
 Cyprus again relies
heavily on aid from Turkey, amounting to more than Doll
ars 60m yearly. Over
the years, Turkish state banks have also financed const
ruction of roads, two
airports and expansion at Kyrenia port. Yet per capita
 income in the north
is less than one-third that in internationally-recognis
ed Cyprus and appears
to be falling further behind. No official figures are 
available, but growth
last year is thought to have been negative, after a 5.
5 per cent rise in
1990.
While crossing the Green Line that divides Cyprus i
s officially forbidden,
several hundred Turkish Cypriots slip into the south
 daily to put in a few
hours of work on a Greek Cypriot construction site.
A
s in the south, tourism is the mainstay of the economy, with some 600,000
vi
sitors from Turkey last year but only 42,000 foreign tourists. Northern
Cypr
us was also hit badly by cancellations due to the Gulf crisis. This
year, a 
30 per cent increase in foreign arrivals is forecast, the result of
more eff
ective marketing in western Europe, and receipts may rise to Dollars
25m.
Bu
t sharing a currency with Turkey means that northern Cyprus imports a
Turkis
h inflation rate of more than 70 per cent. Index-linking of wages now
lags s
everal months behind, adding to the gloomy mood.
With each year that passes,
 it becomes clearer that without a political
settlement, the economic gap be
tween Greek and Turkish Cypriots can only
continue to widen.
</TEXT>
<PUB>Th
e Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page II </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 149 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 150 ==============================================
Transaction #:    150       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT922-2908</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CFOA5AAHFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 JUN 92 / Survey of Greece (7): Big income growt
h forecast - Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>

WHEN it comes to tourism, Greece would seem to have two identities. At least

half the 9.5m tourists expected this year will descend by charter flights o
n
just four islands - Crete, Rhodes, Corfu and Mykonos. That leaves another

150 or so islands and much of mainland Greece, still relatively unexplored,

for everyone else.
The pressure to accommodate as many tourists as possible,
 encouraged until
recently by generous government grants, has led to ribbon 
development of
hotels and apartment complexes along the coasts of Crete and 
Rhodes, the
most popular islands. Villages along the way have been transform
ed into
tourist service centres complete with pubs, pizzerias and Chinese
re
staurants and ranks of jeeps and motorbikes for rent.
In theory, dozens of s
maller islands have been opened up for mass tourism
through construction of 
airports that can handle charter jets. But there are
relatively few with a r
eliable water supply and enough sandy beaches for
large numbers of tourists.
 Instead, special interest holidays are
proliferating on small islands, part
ly as a result of European Community
nationals being able to set up business
es more easily in Greece under single
market rules.
Although it is still sti
ll on a small scale, the advantages of alternative
tourism, from mountain-bi
king to observing marine turtles, lies in its
resilience to external factors
 and its capacity for bringing income to more
remote areas. In Macedonia and
 the northern Aegean islands, for example, the
hotel occupancy rate is norma
lly about 45 per cent, compared to 85 per cent
for Crete. But unlike the big
gest tourist destinations, there was no decline
last year.
Greece, like othe
r eastern Mediterranean countries, suffered as a result of
the Gulf war. Fea
rs of terrorism proved unfounded but tour operators
cancelled bookings early
 in the season, charter flights started several
weeks later than usual and t
here was little demand for Aegean cruises.
Once recovery began in July, thin
gs rapidly improved, with demand for
package holidays on Rhodes and Crete re
maining high throughout October.
Although tourist arrivals fell by 11 per ce
nt in 1991 to 8.2m, the decline
was not reflected in earnings.
Official fore
ign exchange receipts from tourism dropped by 0.8 per cent to
Dollars 2.57bn
, but overall income from tourism, which includes visitors'
credit card purc
hases and funds retained abroad by Greek travel agents, rose
by 12 per cent 
to Dollars 4.6bn, according to the Greek Tourist Organisation
(EOT).
While r
oom rates have risen by only a small margin, the result of Greek
hoteliers' 
worries about staying competitive with Turkey and Cyprus, EOT
predicts a lar
ge increase in earnings this year.
Mr Costas Pylarinos, secretary-general of
 EOT, says that tourist arrivals
are expected to rise by 14 per cent this ye
ar, generating a 30 per cent
improvement in income.
One reason for his optim
ism, is that American visitors, who spend much more
lavishly than Europeans,
 are returning to Greece. Bookings for cruises,
where the majority of passen
gers are American, are at their highest levels
since the early 1980s. Moreov
er, the shake-up in the US airline industry has
brought an increase in fligh
ts to Greece by American carriers expanding
their networks in Europe.
But th
e figures also hint that Greece may at last be starting to attract
more of t
he up-market visitors on whom the tourist industry stakes its hopes
for the 
future. One problem has been a lack of luxury and first-class hotels
compare
d to the thousands of third-class establishments used by tour
operators at t
he cheaper end of the market.
Most of Greece's hotel stock dates from the 19
70s but until recently little
attention was paid to refurbishing regularly, 
providing additional
facilities or improving service. As a result, tour oper
ators from France,
Germany and Scandinavia are starting to buy Greek propert
ies and carry out
full-scale renovations.
However, several Greek hoteliers w
ho have developed professional management
operations as a result of working 
closely with European operators, together
with a few offshore Greek operator
s, have built luxury resort hotels over
the past three years and more are be
ing planned.
Mr Pylarinos says he is looking for investors who will build co
nference
centres, golf courses and even casinos. All of these would help ext
end the
tourist season by at least three months from its present seven month
s, as
well as attracting more affluent tourists.
'We have no shortage of org
anisations wanting to hold congresses in Greece
at the start or the end of t
he season. But we're restricted to small affairs
of a thousand or so people 
at a hotel because we don't have a purpose-built
centre,' he says.
Golf cour
ses are proving hard to develop, mainly because large tracts of
suitable lan
d are hard to find, while farmers raise objections to losing
scarce pasturag
e. In the meantime, two of the four existing golf courses are
to be improved
.
EOT also plans to expand its Dr12bn programme for building marinas. After

long delays caused by protests from local environmental organisations and a

squeeze on public investment funds, six marinas have been completed and
anot
her eight are due to open by 1993. Altogether, they will have space for
20,0
00 yachts.
The marina programme was EOT's first move to make Greece more att
ractive to
better-off tourists. In fact, the existing marinas serve the risi
ng number
of Greeks who are able to afford yachts and power boats, rather th
an
foreigners who find that berths are cheaper across the Aegean in Turkey. 
The
next stage of EOT's marina programme will be designed to lure them back.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 28
</PAGE>
</DOC
>

============= Transaction # 151 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-6006</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DH4CVAEWFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9308
31
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 AUG 93 / Survey of Malaysia (4): Consolidation 
is the new priority - After record growth rates, the economy has reached a p
lateau of success </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KIERAN COOKE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
I
N most countries, a yearly 8 per cent economic growth figure would throw
fin
ance ministers and central bankers into paroxysms of joy. Not so in
Malaysia
.
Last year Malaysia's overall GDP growth was indeed 8 per cent, but the
fig
ure was described merely as 'creditable' by Bank Negara, the country's
centr
al bank.
Malaysia has been used to flying in the clear skies of economic suc
cess,
with soaring GDP growth rates of 9 per cent in 1988, 8.7 in 1989, near
ly 10
per cent in 1990 and 8.6 per cent in 1991.
The buzz word now is consol
idation. The economy, say the official planners,
is taking a breather. A com
bination of continuing tight counter-inflationary
policies at home and a les
s than buoyant market abroad means that GDP growth
will further moderate to 
between 7.5 - 7.8 per cent this year.
'The prospects for a slow and moderate
 recovery in the major industrial
countries could well be a blessing in disg
uise,' says Bank Negara. 'It would
provide some much needed respite for the 
Malaysian economy to consolidate
its position - to alleviate outstanding inf
rastructural and supply
impediments and pave the way for sustainable growth 
with stability over the
medium term.'
But overcoming those impediments, whic
h include serious labour shortages,
infrastructure bottlenecks, a drop in in
vestments growth and weak markets
for various export sectors, will not be ea
sy. Malaysia has been climbing
fast. Last year per capita income increased a
 further 11 per cent to
MDollars 7,541 (Dollars 2,950).
Malaysia's long term
 plan is to be a fully industrialised country by the
year 2020. The governme
nt has set an average annual growth target for the
next 27 years of 7 per ce
nt. Achieving these targets is likely to become
progressively tougher.
The f
undamentals of the economy are still sound. The main achievement of
1992 was
 on the balance of payments front. At the end of 1991 the finance
ministry h
ad predicted a 1992 merchandise trade deficit of MDollars 3.7bn.
In the even
t the merchandise account recorded a surplus of MDollars 7.3bn
last year, co
mpared with a deficit of MDollars 461m in 1991.
A sharp fall in imports rath
er than export growth was the main reason for
the merchandise account improv
ement. The value of imports tripled in the
years 1987 to 1991. In 1992 the v
alue of imports increased by only 0.4 per
cent.
The deficit in the services 
account, mainly due to freight and insurance
payments, narrowed slightly to 
MDollars 12bn last year, giving an overall
current account deficit of MDolla
rs 4.4bn, representing 3.1 per cent of GNP,
compared with a deficit of MDoll
ars 12.5bn or 10.1 per cent of GNP in 1991.
Officials are now predicting a s
mall current account surplus of MDollars
350m for this year, the first since
 1988.
The international reserves position also improved. Reserves stood at

MDollars 47.2bn at the end of 1992, up from MDollars 31bn the previous year

and topping the country's external debt of MDollars 41.4bn.
In recent months
 the overriding concern of economic policy - and the factor
which has been c
hiefly responsible for the moderation in growth rates - has
been the fight a
gainst inflation. Traditionally Malaysia has had low
inflation: when inflati
on was rising above 5 per cent at one stage last year
the alarm bells starte
d to ring.
High interest rates were maintained through 1992. This lessened d
emand for
domestic credit but caused a large inflow of funds from abroad. As
 a result
Bank Negara was forced to mop up more than MDollars 15bn of excess
 liquidity
from the domestic banking system.
Restrictions were imposed on hi
re purchase and credit card use. Government
spending in a number of areas wa
s cut back. Investment projects in the
private sector were curtailed. As a r
esult there was a sharp drop in the
growth of private sector spending - from
 16.5 per cent in 1991 to 2.3 per
cent in 1992. (Car sales in 1992 dropped b
y 15 per cent - compared with a
growth in sales of 14 per cent the previous 
year.)
The battle against inflation continues: Bank Negara says the overall

inflation rate last year was 4.7 per cent compared with 4.4 per cent in
1991
. 'The real issue for us is to build a strong foundation for our economy
to 
make a leap towards the next phase of industrialisation,' says Mr Anwar
Ibra
him, the minister of finance. 'Unless we are firm in our resolve to
break th
e back of inflation, that foundation will be shaky and our future
progress w
ill be jeopardised.' There seems little room to dampen down
domestic demand 
further without damaging overall growth prospects. Officials
see little like
lihood of bringing price rises down to under 4 per cent by
the end of the ye
ar.
Malaysia is vitally dependent on trade: two way merchandise trade is equ
al
to nearly 60 per cent of GDP. For the first time in several years export

earnings in 1992 failed to achieve double digit growth rates. Exports
earnin
gs for the year were MDollars 102.8bn, an increase of 8.8 per cent
compared 
with growth of 18.6 per cent in 1991.
The moderation in export growth was ma
inly due to the continuing problems
being faced in Malaysia's main markets -
 Japan, the US and the EC.
Malaysia's commodity export earnings also decline
d due to generally low
world prices. Exporters were hit further by the appre
ciation of the ringgit,
the Malaysian dollar, against the major currencies.

Official predictions of a better export performance this year seem to be
rig
ht: in the first four months of the year exports were up 24 per cent as
agai
nst 8 per cent in the previous corresponding period. Meanwhile imports
rose 
by 9 per cent.
One of the main reasons for Malaysia's economic growth over t
he last five
years has been due to its success in attracting millions of dol
lars worth of
investments - both from overseas, and more recently, from inte
rnal sources.
According to government figures total investment approvals ros
e from
MDollars 3.9bn in 1987 to MDollars 9bn in 1988, to MDollars 12.2 in 1
989 and
MDollars 28bn in 1990.
In 1991 investments peaked at MDollars 30.8bn
. Last year they dropped to
MDollars 27.7bn. Of that figure MDollars 17.7bn 
was foreign sourced - an
increase of 2 per cent over the foreign content in 
the 1991 figure  - while
MDollars 10bn was domestic - representing a fall of
 more than 30 per cent
from the previous year.
Mrs Rafidah Aziz, Malaysia's 
minister of trade and industry, says Malaysia
has already achieved more than
 70 per cent of its investment target under
the present five year plan (1991
-95). But there is no doubting the official
concern about the investment dow
nturn.
Other countries in the region, in particular China and Vietnam, are
a
ttracting investments away from Malaysia. In 1991 Taiwan was one of
Malaysia
's biggest investors, with investments of MDollars 3.6bn. Last year
Taiwan i
nvested less than half that amount.
Foreign investment approvals in the firs
t six months of 1992 were MDollars
7.5bn. This year the figure for the equiv
alent period was MDollars 1.6bn.
Over the same period last year approved dom
estic investments were MDollars
4.1bn. This year the figure was MDollars 2.7
bn.
'It is important for the government to come on more aggressively to prom
ote
domestic private investment in the absence of a strong inflow of direct

foreign investment,' says the mainly privately funded Malaysian Institute of

Economic Research. In a budget later this year the government might lower
c
orporate tax from its present 34 per cent as an added incentive to
investors
.
A key problem with attracting investments is Malaysia's contracting labour

supply. The official unemployment rate is 4 per cent but in many parts of
t
he country it is zero. Industrialists have become frustrated with a high
rat
e of job hopping and upward pressures on wages.
In some areas 70 per cent of
 workers on rubber and palm oil estates are
foreigners - mainly from Indones
ia or Bangladesh. The government is nervous
about the implications of the pr
esence of a large immigrant population -
estimated at up to one million - an
d the possible upsetting of the country's
delicate racial balance.
No one is
 suggesting that Malaysia's economy is about to take a dive. But
there are m
any who forecast economic turbulence ahead as the country runs
into constrai
nts on investments and labour - and braces itself for a more
competitive reg
ional environment.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>MYZ  Malaysia, Asia.
<
/CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9311 Finance, Taxation, and Monetary Polic
y.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
    ECON  Gross do
mestic product.
    ECON  Gross national product.
    ECON  Inflation.
</TP>

<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page III
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 152 ==============================================
Transaction #:    152       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-9868</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CKCCTAGQFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9211
03
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  03 NOV 92 / Survey of Portugal (9): Quality, not q
uantity - A shift in strategy in the tourism sector </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    
By PETER WISE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
HOLIDAYS spent amid the dust and noise of bui
lding sites cause the biggest
number of complaints from British tourists who
 visit Portugal's southern
Algarve coast, according to a recent survey for t
he Department of Tourism.
These visitors are victims of constructors who hav
e been trying to keep pace
with a boom in tourism that has transformed the c
ountry's main holiday
region in the past decade. Tourism has been growing at
 a rate of 11.5 per
cent a year since 1980 and high-rise hotels and apartmen
t blocks have
mushroomed at a similar speed. European tourism as whole has g
rown at a rate
of only 3.5 per cent a year over that period.
Recent statisti
cs reflect the dramatic expansion of tourism. This year
Portugal expects to 
welcome 20m visitors, double the population, and almost
10m tourists (visito
rs who stay one night or more). This compares with 7m
visitors and 2.7m tour
ists in 1980.
As a result, the importance of tourism to the Portuguese econo
my has greatly
increased. Today, it accounts for 6 to 8 per cent of the gros
s domestic
product, a contribution to national wealth that equals that of te
xtiles,
civil construction or the financial sector.
Foreign currency receipt
s have grown from Es57.5bn (Pounds 263m) in 1980 to
Es530bn in 1991. These e
arnings cover half of Portugal's trade deficit,
making an important contribu
tion to the current account balance.
To ease the strain of this boom on the 
Algarve, where some areas are
becoming overcrowded, disorganised and ugly, t
he government has devised a
new strategy for the tourism sector. It switches
 the emphasis from new
building to diversification and expanding the use of 
existing facilities.
According to Mr Alexandre Relvas, secretary of state fo
r tourism, 'our
resources have their limits and sooner or later we will reac
h saturation
point'.
Instead, tourism policy will switch from a heavy depend
ence on sun and sea
holidays and an over-strong reliance on the UK and Spain
, to more emphasis
on investing to improve facilities rather than build new 
ones.
To this end, the Department of Tourism has drawn up a 19-point plan wi
th the
overall aim of improving the competitiveness of Portuguese tourism. T
he
strategy will be backed up with an Es50bn (Pounds 230m) two-year financia
l
programme to support investment.
'To be competitive in the 1990s, tourism 
has to invest heavily in quality
rather than quantity,' says Mr Relvas. 'Thi
s financial programme will help
us create a competitive tourism industry in 
the future.'
A total of Es20bn from the new fund will be provided as grants 
for
investment, 60 per cent financed by European Community structural funds.

Grants will cover up to 25 per cent of the total cost of investment. But
un
like the past, very little will be made available for building new hotels.
I
nstead, the money will go to modernise and re-equip existing units, for the

construction of additional facilities such as golf courses and congress
cent
res and to diversify from beach holidays into sports and cultural
tourism.
A
 further Es30bn will be made available by the Tourism Fund, a special
credit
 institution, and banks at low interest rates.
Portugal's new tourism strate
gy is also aimed at combating a worrying trend.
While the number of tourists
 has increased spectacularly, the amount they
spend is falling. In 1980 aver
age spending per tourist was 35 per cent above
the European average in dolla
r terms. Today, it is 15 per cent below.
Tourists currently spend a mere Es9
,000 a day on hotels and restaurants.
Tourism authorities have mapped out tw
o main strategies for changing this.
Beach holidays have become a mature mar
ket, where growth is falling off
rapidly. Tough competition between major op
erators and the globalisation of
the market through airline liberalisation i
s forcing down prices.
Portugal is trying to diversify away from this sector
 into congresses,
cultural tourism and golf and other sporting holidays. 'Th
is development
will offer the twin advantages of attracting higher-spending 
tourists and
being able to use existing Algarve facilities in the off-season
,' says Mr
Relvas.
Officials also want to attract tourists away from the Alg
arve, which
accounts for 40 per cent of total bed nights, to other areas, su
ch as the
Lisbon coastline and the unspoiled Alentejo region north of the Al
garve.
Though Portugal will maintain promotional efforts in Britain and Spai
n,
which together account for half its bed nights, efforts will also be made
 to
boost the Italian, French and German markets and to break into the US an
d
Japan. Regular flights from Japan, scheduled to begin in 1994, should help

increase the number of its tourists from the current level of 30,000 a year
.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page V
</PAGE>
</DOC
>

============= Transaction # 153 ==============================================
Transaction #:    153       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-11146</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJ0BMAFYFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
027
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  27 OCT 92 / Survey of Sri Lanka (13): Growth cont
inues despite conflict  -Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID PILLING </
BYLINE>
<TEXT>
TO have one civil war may be considered unfortunate, but to h
ave two is
inexcusable. This seemed to be the view of international tourists
 who,
having tentatively placed Sri Lanka on the map during the 1970s, promp
tly
removed it as the island gained a reputation for bloody civil strife.
To
urist arrivals had grown rapidly in the 1970s to a peak of 407,000 in
1982. 
Annual growth was running at an average 24 per cent from 1976-1982.
The outb
reak in 1983 of government hostilities with the Tamil Tigers quashed
hopes o
f further expansion. Arrivals dropped dramatically, even more so when
violen
ce - previously confined largely to the north and east - erupted in
the sout
h with the attempted insurrection of the People's Liberation Front
(JVP).
By
 1987, the number of visitors had dropped to a mere 180,000, a level from
wh
ich it failed to recover in 1988 and 1989. Discounting was so fierce that
a 
night in a five-star hotel was being offered for as little as Dollars 7.
Few
 would have predicted the impressive upturn witnessed since then. Boosted
by
 the virtual annihilation of the JVP in the south and by the temporary
halt 
of fighting with the Tigers, the number of visitors began to grow,
reaching 
317,000 in 1991. This marked an increase of 6.7 per cent over the
previous y
ear, bucking the world trend in tourism which was hit hard by
recession and 
the Gulf war.
Growth continued in spite of the renewed outbreak in June 1990
 of fighting
in the north and east - out of bounds to tourists - as Sri Lank
an
authorities gradually persuaded the international industry that most of t
he
island remained safe.
In terms of foreign exchange earnings, growth has b
een even more
satisfactory with receipts of Dollars 155.6m in 1991; some 17.
4 per cent
over 1990.
That trend seems likely to continue and even accelerat
e. Arrivals in the
first eight months of this year are 27.7 per cent up on t
he same period in
1991, according to figures from the Ceylon Tourist Board. 
The board
estimates that total arrivals for 1992 will be at least 380,000.
T
he government, says Mr N. U. Yasapala, director-general of the tourist
board
, is keen to promote the sector both for its foreign exchange earnings
and f
or its ability to provide employment. According to the central bank,
tourism
 in 1991 accounted for 64,800 jobs - 27,000 directly and 37,800 in
ancillary
 sectors.
Keen to capitalise on such benefits, the government has commission
ed a
10-year tourist 'masterplan' drawn up with the help of Horwath Consulti
ng of
the UK. The plan, a draft of which is due to be published in November,
 sets
a target of 874,000 air arrivals by the year 2001 - more than double t
he
1982 peak.
Mr Martin Gerty, director of Horwath Consulting, says the plan
 calls for the
upgrading of existing hotels, the development of more up-mark
et resorts, and
the improvement of facilities around cultural sites which ne
ed to be more
'visitor friendly'. Mr Gerty says such infrastructure was seve
rely run down
in the 1980s, but he thinks it remarkable that it was maintain
ed at all.
There may also be the need for additional airport facilities to t
hose at
Colombo's international airport because aircraft unable to land duri
ng bad
weather are presently redirected to Madras in southern India. One
pos
sibility is development of the military airfield at Hingurakgoda on the
east
 of the island, particularly if ethnic tensions subside.
Such ambitious plan
s for tourism, especially at a time of budgetary
constraints, will require s
ubstantial private sector investment. The
government has accordingly extende
d tax incentives already enjoyed by
export-driven companies to investors in 
tourist infrastructure.
Some local observers feel such incentives have been 
too generous, allowing
already profitable concerns to avoid tax. Mr S. T. Fe
rnando, deputy governor
of the central bank, counters that new investment mu
st be encouraged
following the collapse of tourism in the mid-1980s.
Some 25
 projects are being considered, worth an estimated total of Dollars
120m. Th
ese would add 2,350 graded rooms to the island's stock which now
stands at 9
,680 - 18,950 beds.
Obstacles to growth remain. Most immediate is increasing
 anxiety among
certain groups that an expanded tourist sector would have a n
egative
cultural and environmental impact. There is concern that more touris
ts would
encourage drugs and prostitution - there are already an estimated 8
00 people
infected with the HIV virus - and that hotels will monopolise reso
urces such
as land, power and water.
The government was recently forced to a
bandon plans for a showcase Dollars
40m holiday complex at Chilaw on the wes
t coast because of protests by the
Roman Catholic Church. The Buddhist clerg
y, an extremely powerful political
force, is threatening the future of other
 schemes.
Mr Gerty feels that such protests can be dissipated by outlining s
ome of the
sector's potential benefits, such as employment. Tourism will, he
 says, have
limited environmental impact as resorts will not be permitted to
 sprout up
piecemeal but will be strictly controlled according to a planned 
development
strategy.
Another obstacle to growth may be Sri Lanka's over-rel
iance on certain key
markets. Western Europe makes up more than 60 per cent 
of total tourist
traffic, with Germany, France, the UK and Italy representin
g nearly 80 per
cent of that share. North America provides a paltry 3 per ce
nt of arrivals.
Fashions change quickly and the 'discovery' of a new long-ha
ul destination
could jeopardise Colombo's plans.
The most serious question m
ark, however, remains Sri Lanka's international
reputation. Despite recent e
vidence that Colombo is winning the public
relations battle in reassuring th
e public of the island's safety,
international confidence remains fragile. I
f, on the other hand, the civil
war ends, prospects for growth would be exce
llent and the potential for
achieving a million visitors annually would beco
me realistic.
Assuming, however, that civil strife staggers on, it would onl
y take a few
well-publicised incidents of violence or a period of political 
instability
for the country's tarnished image to resurface. That would effec
tively end
the growth of the past few years and Sri Lanka would return to th
e
backwaters of the tourist industry.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB
>
<PAGE>
London Page VIII
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 154 ==============================================
Transaction #:    154       Transaction Code:  39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) 

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

Usr Interface:   Prob          Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

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Selec. Rec. #:     20

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-6761</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EB1DPAENFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9402
28
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  28 FEB 94 / Survey of Jamaica (11): Caribbean comp
etition - Tourism is a sunny spot in the economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By 
STEPHEN FIDLER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism has been a bright spot in the Jamaic
an economy. With the markets
weak for its traditional exports - bauxite, ban
anas and sugar - growing
foreign exchange receipts from tourism have been an
 increasingly important
source of foreign exchange.
The industry generates c
lose to Dollars 1bn a year in gross foreign exchange
receipts, according to 
government estimates. The estimated net receipts of
between Dollars 500m and
 Dollars 600m make it the single most important
source of foreign exchange i
n the economy. It employs about 26,000 people,
more than double the level of
 10 years ago. Some 1.6m tourists arrived in
the country last year, 3.4 per 
cent up on 1992. The number of visitors
stopping over jumped 7.7 per cent to
 979,000, while the number of arrivals
on cruise ships slipped 3.1 per cent 
to 630,000.
The tourism recovery came after two weak years at the end of the
 1980s, and
difficult times for international tourism worldwide at the time 
of the Gulf
War and in the depths of the US recession. In Jamaica, it underl
ined the
heavy dependence on the US market.
According to Ms Camille Needham,
 general manager of the Jamaican Hotels and
Tourist Association: 'The US rec
ession had a powerful effect that in fact
did us a lot of good. We decided t
hat we could not have all our eggs in one
basket.'
At times in the 1980s, vi
sitors from the US accounted for more than
three-quarters of all tourists ma
king stopovers coming from the US. Visitors
from Canada accounted for a furt
her 15 per cent. In 1992, 61.9 per cent of
visitors were from the US, 11.1 p
er cent from Canada.
The proportion of visitors from Europe has risen above 
20 per cent; more
than half come from the UK, encouraged by the development 
of the charter
tour business. Numbers of visitors from regions such as Latin
 America and
Japan have also grown. Along with this, the seasonality of the 
trade has
been reduced. Most Europeans - unlike many holidaymakers from the 
northern
US and Canada - vacation in the summer months.
Jamaica's tourism bu
siness is not without its problems. Rising crime levels
(attacks on tourists
 have grown and two have been murdered in the country in
the last two years)
 attract bad publicity, which may deter visitors if the
situation becomes wo
rse.
Some of the country's infrastructure - for example, the telephones and 
the
provision of electricity - has improved. But much remains inadequate.
'W
e have to improve the roads, reduce the number of potholes. Electricity
and 
telephone services have improved a lot. We are working on the water
situatio
n but it's moving a bit more slowly,' says Ms Needham.
Part of the problem i
s that infrastructure has not kept up with the growth
of the industry. Much 
of the development has been haphazard and resorts have
not been planned. 'We
 have to think of planning and zoning to make the
resorts more interesting a
nd attractive,' she says.
Other problems - such as air access to the region 
- are less under Jamaican
control. The future of Air Jamaica, the national a
irline, is uncertain. Mr
Omar Davies, the finance minister, says the governm
ent will stop providing
funds for the loss-making airline from the start of 
the new fiscal year in
April. Pan-American and Eastern airlines, which were 
the main carriers from
North America to the Caribbean, have collapsed, altho
ugh American Airlines
has scheduled additional flights.
Furthermore, competi
tion is becoming intense, and may become more so.
Several US states have sta
rted promoting themselves as holiday destinations.
Resorts in the Dominican 
Republic and Cancun in Mexico offer competitively
priced vacations. Cuba is 
attracting substantial hotel investment. Cuba
seems to offer an important me
dium-term threat, although its emergence as a
true competitor will depend on
 the lifting of the US embargo. Of all the
Caribbean islands, Cuba appears t
o offer most of what Jamaica has in sand,
sea and scenery.
'We can't compete
 with rates offered by Dominican Republic,' says one
Jamaican tourism offici
al. 'We can't sell our rooms for Dollars 20-Dollars
30 a night.'
Despite thi
s competition, there has been more of a co-operative approach to
Caribbean t
ourism in recent years. Once fiercely competitive, the resort
countries incl
uding Jamaica have implemented a big advertising programme in
the US to mark
et the region as a single destination to potential north
American visitors. 
The tourist authorities hope that one spin-off may be the
development of mor
e multi-centre holidays.
In common with other cruise ship destinations, ther
e have been concerns in
Jamaica that cruise visitors do not provide enough b
enefit to the local
economy. However, a decision to increase the cruise ship
 passenger tax from
Dollars 10 to Dollars 15 has been delayed, apparently fo
llowing pressure
from the cruise ship owners. Government officials have said
 that the
increase would be implemented over three years from January 1994.

</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>JMZ  Jamaica, Caribbean.
</CN>
<XX>
Indus
tries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P79
99 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment
 & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 32 </P
AGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 155 ==============================================
Transaction #:    155       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

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  Rec. Format: Review      Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

Selec. Rec. #:     20

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-6761</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EB1DPAENFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9402
28
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  28 FEB 94 / Survey of Jamaica (11): Caribbean comp
etition - Tourism is a sunny spot in the economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By 
STEPHEN FIDLER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism has been a bright spot in the Jamaic
an economy. With the markets
weak for its traditional exports - bauxite, ban
anas and sugar - growing
foreign exchange receipts from tourism have been an
 increasingly important
source of foreign exchange.
The industry generates c
lose to Dollars 1bn a year in gross foreign exchange
receipts, according to 
government estimates. The estimated net receipts of
between Dollars 500m and
 Dollars 600m make it the single most important
source of foreign exchange i
n the economy. It employs about 26,000 people,
more than double the level of
 10 years ago. Some 1.6m tourists arrived in
the country last year, 3.4 per 
cent up on 1992. The number of visitors
stopping over jumped 7.7 per cent to
 979,000, while the number of arrivals
on cruise ships slipped 3.1 per cent 
to 630,000.
The tourism recovery came after two weak years at the end of the
 1980s, and
difficult times for international tourism worldwide at the time 
of the Gulf
War and in the depths of the US recession. In Jamaica, it underl
ined the
heavy dependence on the US market.
According to Ms Camille Needham,
 general manager of the Jamaican Hotels and
Tourist Association: 'The US rec
ession had a powerful effect that in fact
did us a lot of good. We decided t
hat we could not have all our eggs in one
basket.'
At times in the 1980s, vi
sitors from the US accounted for more than
three-quarters of all tourists ma
king stopovers coming from the US. Visitors
from Canada accounted for a furt
her 15 per cent. In 1992, 61.9 per cent of
visitors were from the US, 11.1 p
er cent from Canada.
The proportion of visitors from Europe has risen above 
20 per cent; more
than half come from the UK, encouraged by the development 
of the charter
tour business. Numbers of visitors from regions such as Latin
 America and
Japan have also grown. Along with this, the seasonality of the 
trade has
been reduced. Most Europeans - unlike many holidaymakers from the 
northern
US and Canada - vacation in the summer months.
Jamaica's tourism bu
siness is not without its problems. Rising crime levels
(attacks on tourists
 have grown and two have been murdered in the country in
the last two years)
 attract bad publicity, which may deter visitors if the
situation becomes wo
rse.
Some of the country's infrastructure - for example, the telephones and 
the
provision of electricity - has improved. But much remains inadequate.
'W
e have to improve the roads, reduce the number of potholes. Electricity
and 
telephone services have improved a lot. We are working on the water
situatio
n but it's moving a bit more slowly,' says Ms Needham.
Part of the problem i
s that infrastructure has not kept up with the growth
of the industry. Much 
of the development has been haphazard and resorts have
not been planned. 'We
 have to think of planning and zoning to make the
resorts more interesting a
nd attractive,' she says.
Other problems - such as air access to the region 
- are less under Jamaican
control. The future of Air Jamaica, the national a
irline, is uncertain. Mr
Omar Davies, the finance minister, says the governm
ent will stop providing
funds for the loss-making airline from the start of 
the new fiscal year in
April. Pan-American and Eastern airlines, which were 
the main carriers from
North America to the Caribbean, have collapsed, altho
ugh American Airlines
has scheduled additional flights.
Furthermore, competi
tion is becoming intense, and may become more so.
Several US states have sta
rted promoting themselves as holiday destinations.
Resorts in the Dominican 
Republic and Cancun in Mexico offer competitively
priced vacations. Cuba is 
attracting substantial hotel investment. Cuba
seems to offer an important me
dium-term threat, although its emergence as a
true competitor will depend on
 the lifting of the US embargo. Of all the
Caribbean islands, Cuba appears t
o offer most of what Jamaica has in sand,
sea and scenery.
'We can't compete
 with rates offered by Dominican Republic,' says one
Jamaican tourism offici
al. 'We can't sell our rooms for Dollars 20-Dollars
30 a night.'
Despite thi
s competition, there has been more of a co-operative approach to
Caribbean t
ourism in recent years. Once fiercely competitive, the resort
countries incl
uding Jamaica have implemented a big advertising programme in
the US to mark
et the region as a single destination to potential north
American visitors. 
The tourist authorities hope that one spin-off may be the
development of mor
e multi-centre holidays.
In common with other cruise ship destinations, ther
e have been concerns in
Jamaica that cruise visitors do not provide enough b
enefit to the local
economy. However, a decision to increase the cruise ship
 passenger tax from
Dollars 10 to Dollars 15 has been delayed, apparently fo
llowing pressure
from the cruise ship owners. Government officials have said
 that the
increase would be implemented over three years from January 1994.

</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>JMZ  Jamaica, Caribbean.
</CN>
<XX>
Indus
tries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P79
99 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment
 & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 32 </P
AGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 156 ==============================================
Transaction #:    156       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

Usr Interface:   Prob          Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

  Rec. Format: Review      Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

Selec. Rec. #:     11

Boolean Indexes Used:

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT922-2908</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CFOA5AAHFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9206
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 JUN 92 / Survey of Greece (7): Big income growt
h forecast - Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KERIN HOPE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>

WHEN it comes to tourism, Greece would seem to have two identities. At least

half the 9.5m tourists expected this year will descend by charter flights o
n
just four islands - Crete, Rhodes, Corfu and Mykonos. That leaves another

150 or so islands and much of mainland Greece, still relatively unexplored,

for everyone else.
The pressure to accommodate as many tourists as possible,
 encouraged until
recently by generous government grants, has led to ribbon 
development of
hotels and apartment complexes along the coasts of Crete and 
Rhodes, the
most popular islands. Villages along the way have been transform
ed into
tourist service centres complete with pubs, pizzerias and Chinese
re
staurants and ranks of jeeps and motorbikes for rent.
In theory, dozens of s
maller islands have been opened up for mass tourism
through construction of 
airports that can handle charter jets. But there are
relatively few with a r
eliable water supply and enough sandy beaches for
large numbers of tourists.
 Instead, special interest holidays are
proliferating on small islands, part
ly as a result of European Community
nationals being able to set up business
es more easily in Greece under single
market rules.
Although it is still sti
ll on a small scale, the advantages of alternative
tourism, from mountain-bi
king to observing marine turtles, lies in its
resilience to external factors
 and its capacity for bringing income to more
remote areas. In Macedonia and
 the northern Aegean islands, for example, the
hotel occupancy rate is norma
lly about 45 per cent, compared to 85 per cent
for Crete. But unlike the big
gest tourist destinations, there was no decline
last year.
Greece, like othe
r eastern Mediterranean countries, suffered as a result of
the Gulf war. Fea
rs of terrorism proved unfounded but tour operators
cancelled bookings early
 in the season, charter flights started several
weeks later than usual and t
here was little demand for Aegean cruises.
Once recovery began in July, thin
gs rapidly improved, with demand for
package holidays on Rhodes and Crete re
maining high throughout October.
Although tourist arrivals fell by 11 per ce
nt in 1991 to 8.2m, the decline
was not reflected in earnings.
Official fore
ign exchange receipts from tourism dropped by 0.8 per cent to
Dollars 2.57bn
, but overall income from tourism, which includes visitors'
credit card purc
hases and funds retained abroad by Greek travel agents, rose
by 12 per cent 
to Dollars 4.6bn, according to the Greek Tourist Organisation
(EOT).
While r
oom rates have risen by only a small margin, the result of Greek
hoteliers' 
worries about staying competitive with Turkey and Cyprus, EOT
predicts a lar
ge increase in earnings this year.
Mr Costas Pylarinos, secretary-general of
 EOT, says that tourist arrivals
are expected to rise by 14 per cent this ye
ar, generating a 30 per cent
improvement in income.
One reason for his optim
ism, is that American visitors, who spend much more
lavishly than Europeans,
 are returning to Greece. Bookings for cruises,
where the majority of passen
gers are American, are at their highest levels
since the early 1980s. Moreov
er, the shake-up in the US airline industry has
brought an increase in fligh
ts to Greece by American carriers expanding
their networks in Europe.
But th
e figures also hint that Greece may at last be starting to attract
more of t
he up-market visitors on whom the tourist industry stakes its hopes
for the 
future. One problem has been a lack of luxury and first-class hotels
compare
d to the thousands of third-class establishments used by tour
operators at t
he cheaper end of the market.
Most of Greece's hotel stock dates from the 19
70s but until recently little
attention was paid to refurbishing regularly, 
providing additional
facilities or improving service. As a result, tour oper
ators from France,
Germany and Scandinavia are starting to buy Greek propert
ies and carry out
full-scale renovations.
However, several Greek hoteliers w
ho have developed professional management
operations as a result of working 
closely with European operators, together
with a few offshore Greek operator
s, have built luxury resort hotels over
the past three years and more are be
ing planned.
Mr Pylarinos says he is looking for investors who will build co
nference
centres, golf courses and even casinos. All of these would help ext
end the
tourist season by at least three months from its present seven month
s, as
well as attracting more affluent tourists.
'We have no shortage of org
anisations wanting to hold congresses in Greece
at the start or the end of t
he season. But we're restricted to small affairs
of a thousand or so people 
at a hotel because we don't have a purpose-built
centre,' he says.
Golf cour
ses are proving hard to develop, mainly because large tracts of
suitable lan
d are hard to find, while farmers raise objections to losing
scarce pasturag
e. In the meantime, two of the four existing golf courses are
to be improved
.
EOT also plans to expand its Dr12bn programme for building marinas. After

long delays caused by protests from local environmental organisations and a

squeeze on public investment funds, six marinas have been completed and
anot
her eight are due to open by 1993. Altogether, they will have space for
20,0
00 yachts.
The marina programme was EOT's first move to make Greece more att
ractive to
better-off tourists. In fact, the existing marinas serve the risi
ng number
of Greeks who are able to afford yachts and power boats, rather th
an
foreigners who find that berths are cheaper across the Aegean in Turkey. 
The
next stage of EOT's marina programme will be designed to lure them back.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 28
</PAGE>
</DOC
>

============= Transaction # 157 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-6006</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DH4CVAEWFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9308
31
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 AUG 93 / Survey of Malaysia (4): Consolidation 
is the new priority - After record growth rates, the economy has reached a p
lateau of success </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By KIERAN COOKE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
I
N most countries, a yearly 8 per cent economic growth figure would throw
fin
ance ministers and central bankers into paroxysms of joy. Not so in
Malaysia
.
Last year Malaysia's overall GDP growth was indeed 8 per cent, but the
fig
ure was described merely as 'creditable' by Bank Negara, the country's
centr
al bank.
Malaysia has been used to flying in the clear skies of economic suc
cess,
with soaring GDP growth rates of 9 per cent in 1988, 8.7 in 1989, near
ly 10
per cent in 1990 and 8.6 per cent in 1991.
The buzz word now is consol
idation. The economy, say the official planners,
is taking a breather. A com
bination of continuing tight counter-inflationary
policies at home and a les
s than buoyant market abroad means that GDP growth
will further moderate to 
between 7.5 - 7.8 per cent this year.
'The prospects for a slow and moderate
 recovery in the major industrial
countries could well be a blessing in disg
uise,' says Bank Negara. 'It would
provide some much needed respite for the 
Malaysian economy to consolidate
its position - to alleviate outstanding inf
rastructural and supply
impediments and pave the way for sustainable growth 
with stability over the
medium term.'
But overcoming those impediments, whic
h include serious labour shortages,
infrastructure bottlenecks, a drop in in
vestments growth and weak markets
for various export sectors, will not be ea
sy. Malaysia has been climbing
fast. Last year per capita income increased a
 further 11 per cent to
MDollars 7,541 (Dollars 2,950).
Malaysia's long term
 plan is to be a fully industrialised country by the
year 2020. The governme
nt has set an average annual growth target for the
next 27 years of 7 per ce
nt. Achieving these targets is likely to become
progressively tougher.
The f
undamentals of the economy are still sound. The main achievement of
1992 was
 on the balance of payments front. At the end of 1991 the finance
ministry h
ad predicted a 1992 merchandise trade deficit of MDollars 3.7bn.
In the even
t the merchandise account recorded a surplus of MDollars 7.3bn
last year, co
mpared with a deficit of MDollars 461m in 1991.
A sharp fall in imports rath
er than export growth was the main reason for
the merchandise account improv
ement. The value of imports tripled in the
years 1987 to 1991. In 1992 the v
alue of imports increased by only 0.4 per
cent.
The deficit in the services 
account, mainly due to freight and insurance
payments, narrowed slightly to 
MDollars 12bn last year, giving an overall
current account deficit of MDolla
rs 4.4bn, representing 3.1 per cent of GNP,
compared with a deficit of MDoll
ars 12.5bn or 10.1 per cent of GNP in 1991.
Officials are now predicting a s
mall current account surplus of MDollars
350m for this year, the first since
 1988.
The international reserves position also improved. Reserves stood at

MDollars 47.2bn at the end of 1992, up from MDollars 31bn the previous year

and topping the country's external debt of MDollars 41.4bn.
In recent months
 the overriding concern of economic policy - and the factor
which has been c
hiefly responsible for the moderation in growth rates - has
been the fight a
gainst inflation. Traditionally Malaysia has had low
inflation: when inflati
on was rising above 5 per cent at one stage last year
the alarm bells starte
d to ring.
High interest rates were maintained through 1992. This lessened d
emand for
domestic credit but caused a large inflow of funds from abroad. As
 a result
Bank Negara was forced to mop up more than MDollars 15bn of excess
 liquidity
from the domestic banking system.
Restrictions were imposed on hi
re purchase and credit card use. Government
spending in a number of areas wa
s cut back. Investment projects in the
private sector were curtailed. As a r
esult there was a sharp drop in the
growth of private sector spending - from
 16.5 per cent in 1991 to 2.3 per
cent in 1992. (Car sales in 1992 dropped b
y 15 per cent - compared with a
growth in sales of 14 per cent the previous 
year.)
The battle against inflation continues: Bank Negara says the overall

inflation rate last year was 4.7 per cent compared with 4.4 per cent in
1991
. 'The real issue for us is to build a strong foundation for our economy
to 
make a leap towards the next phase of industrialisation,' says Mr Anwar
Ibra
him, the minister of finance. 'Unless we are firm in our resolve to
break th
e back of inflation, that foundation will be shaky and our future
progress w
ill be jeopardised.' There seems little room to dampen down
domestic demand 
further without damaging overall growth prospects. Officials
see little like
lihood of bringing price rises down to under 4 per cent by
the end of the ye
ar.
Malaysia is vitally dependent on trade: two way merchandise trade is equ
al
to nearly 60 per cent of GDP. For the first time in several years export

earnings in 1992 failed to achieve double digit growth rates. Exports
earnin
gs for the year were MDollars 102.8bn, an increase of 8.8 per cent
compared 
with growth of 18.6 per cent in 1991.
The moderation in export growth was ma
inly due to the continuing problems
being faced in Malaysia's main markets -
 Japan, the US and the EC.
Malaysia's commodity export earnings also decline
d due to generally low
world prices. Exporters were hit further by the appre
ciation of the ringgit,
the Malaysian dollar, against the major currencies.

Official predictions of a better export performance this year seem to be
rig
ht: in the first four months of the year exports were up 24 per cent as
agai
nst 8 per cent in the previous corresponding period. Meanwhile imports
rose 
by 9 per cent.
One of the main reasons for Malaysia's economic growth over t
he last five
years has been due to its success in attracting millions of dol
lars worth of
investments - both from overseas, and more recently, from inte
rnal sources.
According to government figures total investment approvals ros
e from
MDollars 3.9bn in 1987 to MDollars 9bn in 1988, to MDollars 12.2 in 1
989 and
MDollars 28bn in 1990.
In 1991 investments peaked at MDollars 30.8bn
. Last year they dropped to
MDollars 27.7bn. Of that figure MDollars 17.7bn 
was foreign sourced - an
increase of 2 per cent over the foreign content in 
the 1991 figure  - while
MDollars 10bn was domestic - representing a fall of
 more than 30 per cent
from the previous year.
Mrs Rafidah Aziz, Malaysia's 
minister of trade and industry, says Malaysia
has already achieved more than
 70 per cent of its investment target under
the present five year plan (1991
-95). But there is no doubting the official
concern about the investment dow
nturn.
Other countries in the region, in particular China and Vietnam, are
a
ttracting investments away from Malaysia. In 1991 Taiwan was one of
Malaysia
's biggest investors, with investments of MDollars 3.6bn. Last year
Taiwan i
nvested less than half that amount.
Foreign investment approvals in the firs
t six months of 1992 were MDollars
7.5bn. This year the figure for the equiv
alent period was MDollars 1.6bn.
Over the same period last year approved dom
estic investments were MDollars
4.1bn. This year the figure was MDollars 2.7
bn.
'It is important for the government to come on more aggressively to prom
ote
domestic private investment in the absence of a strong inflow of direct

foreign investment,' says the mainly privately funded Malaysian Institute of

Economic Research. In a budget later this year the government might lower
c
orporate tax from its present 34 per cent as an added incentive to
investors
.
A key problem with attracting investments is Malaysia's contracting labour

supply. The official unemployment rate is 4 per cent but in many parts of
t
he country it is zero. Industrialists have become frustrated with a high
rat
e of job hopping and upward pressures on wages.
In some areas 70 per cent of
 workers on rubber and palm oil estates are
foreigners - mainly from Indones
ia or Bangladesh. The government is nervous
about the implications of the pr
esence of a large immigrant population -
estimated at up to one million - an
d the possible upsetting of the country's
delicate racial balance.
No one is
 suggesting that Malaysia's economy is about to take a dive. But
there are m
any who forecast economic turbulence ahead as the country runs
into constrai
nts on investments and labour - and braces itself for a more
competitive reg
ional environment.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>MYZ  Malaysia, Asia.
<
/CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9311 Finance, Taxation, and Monetary Polic
y.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
    ECON  Gross do
mestic product.
    ECON  Gross national product.
    ECON  Inflation.
</TP>

<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page III
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 158 ==============================================
Transaction #:    158       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-9868</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CKCCTAGQFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9211
03
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  03 NOV 92 / Survey of Portugal (9): Quality, not q
uantity - A shift in strategy in the tourism sector </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    
By PETER WISE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
HOLIDAYS spent amid the dust and noise of bui
lding sites cause the biggest
number of complaints from British tourists who
 visit Portugal's southern
Algarve coast, according to a recent survey for t
he Department of Tourism.
These visitors are victims of constructors who hav
e been trying to keep pace
with a boom in tourism that has transformed the c
ountry's main holiday
region in the past decade. Tourism has been growing at
 a rate of 11.5 per
cent a year since 1980 and high-rise hotels and apartmen
t blocks have
mushroomed at a similar speed. European tourism as whole has g
rown at a rate
of only 3.5 per cent a year over that period.
Recent statisti
cs reflect the dramatic expansion of tourism. This year
Portugal expects to 
welcome 20m visitors, double the population, and almost
10m tourists (visito
rs who stay one night or more). This compares with 7m
visitors and 2.7m tour
ists in 1980.
As a result, the importance of tourism to the Portuguese econo
my has greatly
increased. Today, it accounts for 6 to 8 per cent of the gros
s domestic
product, a contribution to national wealth that equals that of te
xtiles,
civil construction or the financial sector.
Foreign currency receipt
s have grown from Es57.5bn (Pounds 263m) in 1980 to
Es530bn in 1991. These e
arnings cover half of Portugal's trade deficit,
making an important contribu
tion to the current account balance.
To ease the strain of this boom on the 
Algarve, where some areas are
becoming overcrowded, disorganised and ugly, t
he government has devised a
new strategy for the tourism sector. It switches
 the emphasis from new
building to diversification and expanding the use of 
existing facilities.
According to Mr Alexandre Relvas, secretary of state fo
r tourism, 'our
resources have their limits and sooner or later we will reac
h saturation
point'.
Instead, tourism policy will switch from a heavy depend
ence on sun and sea
holidays and an over-strong reliance on the UK and Spain
, to more emphasis
on investing to improve facilities rather than build new 
ones.
To this end, the Department of Tourism has drawn up a 19-point plan wi
th the
overall aim of improving the competitiveness of Portuguese tourism. T
he
strategy will be backed up with an Es50bn (Pounds 230m) two-year financia
l
programme to support investment.
'To be competitive in the 1990s, tourism 
has to invest heavily in quality
rather than quantity,' says Mr Relvas. 'Thi
s financial programme will help
us create a competitive tourism industry in 
the future.'
A total of Es20bn from the new fund will be provided as grants 
for
investment, 60 per cent financed by European Community structural funds.

Grants will cover up to 25 per cent of the total cost of investment. But
un
like the past, very little will be made available for building new hotels.
I
nstead, the money will go to modernise and re-equip existing units, for the

construction of additional facilities such as golf courses and congress
cent
res and to diversify from beach holidays into sports and cultural
tourism.
A
 further Es30bn will be made available by the Tourism Fund, a special
credit
 institution, and banks at low interest rates.
Portugal's new tourism strate
gy is also aimed at combating a worrying trend.
While the number of tourists
 has increased spectacularly, the amount they
spend is falling. In 1980 aver
age spending per tourist was 35 per cent above
the European average in dolla
r terms. Today, it is 15 per cent below.
Tourists currently spend a mere Es9
,000 a day on hotels and restaurants.
Tourism authorities have mapped out tw
o main strategies for changing this.
Beach holidays have become a mature mar
ket, where growth is falling off
rapidly. Tough competition between major op
erators and the globalisation of
the market through airline liberalisation i
s forcing down prices.
Portugal is trying to diversify away from this sector
 into congresses,
cultural tourism and golf and other sporting holidays. 'Th
is development
will offer the twin advantages of attracting higher-spending 
tourists and
being able to use existing Algarve facilities in the off-season
,' says Mr
Relvas.
Officials also want to attract tourists away from the Alg
arve, which
accounts for 40 per cent of total bed nights, to other areas, su
ch as the
Lisbon coastline and the unspoiled Alentejo region north of the Al
garve.
Though Portugal will maintain promotional efforts in Britain and Spai
n,
which together account for half its bed nights, efforts will also be made
 to
boost the Italian, French and German markets and to break into the US an
d
Japan. Regular flights from Japan, scheduled to begin in 1994, should help

increase the number of its tourists from the current level of 30,000 a year
.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page V
</PAGE>
</DOC
>

============= Transaction # 159 ==============================================
Transaction #:    159       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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Selec. Rec. #:     18

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-11146</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CJ0BMAFYFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>921
027
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  27 OCT 92 / Survey of Sri Lanka (13): Growth cont
inues despite conflict  -Tourism </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID PILLING </
BYLINE>
<TEXT>
TO have one civil war may be considered unfortunate, but to h
ave two is
inexcusable. This seemed to be the view of international tourists
 who,
having tentatively placed Sri Lanka on the map during the 1970s, promp
tly
removed it as the island gained a reputation for bloody civil strife.
To
urist arrivals had grown rapidly in the 1970s to a peak of 407,000 in
1982. 
Annual growth was running at an average 24 per cent from 1976-1982.
The outb
reak in 1983 of government hostilities with the Tamil Tigers quashed
hopes o
f further expansion. Arrivals dropped dramatically, even more so when
violen
ce - previously confined largely to the north and east - erupted in
the sout
h with the attempted insurrection of the People's Liberation Front
(JVP).
By
 1987, the number of visitors had dropped to a mere 180,000, a level from
wh
ich it failed to recover in 1988 and 1989. Discounting was so fierce that
a 
night in a five-star hotel was being offered for as little as Dollars 7.
Few
 would have predicted the impressive upturn witnessed since then. Boosted
by
 the virtual annihilation of the JVP in the south and by the temporary
halt 
of fighting with the Tigers, the number of visitors began to grow,
reaching 
317,000 in 1991. This marked an increase of 6.7 per cent over the
previous y
ear, bucking the world trend in tourism which was hit hard by
recession and 
the Gulf war.
Growth continued in spite of the renewed outbreak in June 1990
 of fighting
in the north and east - out of bounds to tourists - as Sri Lank
an
authorities gradually persuaded the international industry that most of t
he
island remained safe.
In terms of foreign exchange earnings, growth has b
een even more
satisfactory with receipts of Dollars 155.6m in 1991; some 17.
4 per cent
over 1990.
That trend seems likely to continue and even accelerat
e. Arrivals in the
first eight months of this year are 27.7 per cent up on t
he same period in
1991, according to figures from the Ceylon Tourist Board. 
The board
estimates that total arrivals for 1992 will be at least 380,000.
T
he government, says Mr N. U. Yasapala, director-general of the tourist
board
, is keen to promote the sector both for its foreign exchange earnings
and f
or its ability to provide employment. According to the central bank,
tourism
 in 1991 accounted for 64,800 jobs - 27,000 directly and 37,800 in
ancillary
 sectors.
Keen to capitalise on such benefits, the government has commission
ed a
10-year tourist 'masterplan' drawn up with the help of Horwath Consulti
ng of
the UK. The plan, a draft of which is due to be published in November,
 sets
a target of 874,000 air arrivals by the year 2001 - more than double t
he
1982 peak.
Mr Martin Gerty, director of Horwath Consulting, says the plan
 calls for the
upgrading of existing hotels, the development of more up-mark
et resorts, and
the improvement of facilities around cultural sites which ne
ed to be more
'visitor friendly'. Mr Gerty says such infrastructure was seve
rely run down
in the 1980s, but he thinks it remarkable that it was maintain
ed at all.
There may also be the need for additional airport facilities to t
hose at
Colombo's international airport because aircraft unable to land duri
ng bad
weather are presently redirected to Madras in southern India. One
pos
sibility is development of the military airfield at Hingurakgoda on the
east
 of the island, particularly if ethnic tensions subside.
Such ambitious plan
s for tourism, especially at a time of budgetary
constraints, will require s
ubstantial private sector investment. The
government has accordingly extende
d tax incentives already enjoyed by
export-driven companies to investors in 
tourist infrastructure.
Some local observers feel such incentives have been 
too generous, allowing
already profitable concerns to avoid tax. Mr S. T. Fe
rnando, deputy governor
of the central bank, counters that new investment mu
st be encouraged
following the collapse of tourism in the mid-1980s.
Some 25
 projects are being considered, worth an estimated total of Dollars
120m. Th
ese would add 2,350 graded rooms to the island's stock which now
stands at 9
,680 - 18,950 beds.
Obstacles to growth remain. Most immediate is increasing
 anxiety among
certain groups that an expanded tourist sector would have a n
egative
cultural and environmental impact. There is concern that more touris
ts would
encourage drugs and prostitution - there are already an estimated 8
00 people
infected with the HIV virus - and that hotels will monopolise reso
urces such
as land, power and water.
The government was recently forced to a
bandon plans for a showcase Dollars
40m holiday complex at Chilaw on the wes
t coast because of protests by the
Roman Catholic Church. The Buddhist clerg
y, an extremely powerful political
force, is threatening the future of other
 schemes.
Mr Gerty feels that such protests can be dissipated by outlining s
ome of the
sector's potential benefits, such as employment. Tourism will, he
 says, have
limited environmental impact as resorts will not be permitted to
 sprout up
piecemeal but will be strictly controlled according to a planned 
development
strategy.
Another obstacle to growth may be Sri Lanka's over-rel
iance on certain key
markets. Western Europe makes up more than 60 per cent 
of total tourist
traffic, with Germany, France, the UK and Italy representin
g nearly 80 per
cent of that share. North America provides a paltry 3 per ce
nt of arrivals.
Fashions change quickly and the 'discovery' of a new long-ha
ul destination
could jeopardise Colombo's plans.
The most serious question m
ark, however, remains Sri Lanka's international
reputation. Despite recent e
vidence that Colombo is winning the public
relations battle in reassuring th
e public of the island's safety,
international confidence remains fragile. I
f, on the other hand, the civil
war ends, prospects for growth would be exce
llent and the potential for
achieving a million visitors annually would beco
me realistic.
Assuming, however, that civil strife staggers on, it would onl
y take a few
well-publicised incidents of violence or a period of political 
instability
for the country's tarnished image to resurface. That would effec
tively end
the growth of the past few years and Sri Lanka would return to th
e
backwaters of the tourist industry.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB
>
<PAGE>
London Page VIII
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 160 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-6761</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EB1DPAENFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9402
28
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  28 FEB 94 / Survey of Jamaica (11): Caribbean comp
etition - Tourism is a sunny spot in the economy </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By 
STEPHEN FIDLER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Tourism has been a bright spot in the Jamaic
an economy. With the markets
weak for its traditional exports - bauxite, ban
anas and sugar - growing
foreign exchange receipts from tourism have been an
 increasingly important
source of foreign exchange.
The industry generates c
lose to Dollars 1bn a year in gross foreign exchange
receipts, according to 
government estimates. The estimated net receipts of
between Dollars 500m and
 Dollars 600m make it the single most important
source of foreign exchange i
n the economy. It employs about 26,000 people,
more than double the level of
 10 years ago. Some 1.6m tourists arrived in
the country last year, 3.4 per 
cent up on 1992. The number of visitors
stopping over jumped 7.7 per cent to
 979,000, while the number of arrivals
on cruise ships slipped 3.1 per cent 
to 630,000.
The tourism recovery came after two weak years at the end of the
 1980s, and
difficult times for international tourism worldwide at the time 
of the Gulf
War and in the depths of the US recession. In Jamaica, it underl
ined the
heavy dependence on the US market.
According to Ms Camille Needham,
 general manager of the Jamaican Hotels and
Tourist Association: 'The US rec
ession had a powerful effect that in fact
did us a lot of good. We decided t
hat we could not have all our eggs in one
basket.'
At times in the 1980s, vi
sitors from the US accounted for more than
three-quarters of all tourists ma
king stopovers coming from the US. Visitors
from Canada accounted for a furt
her 15 per cent. In 1992, 61.9 per cent of
visitors were from the US, 11.1 p
er cent from Canada.
The proportion of visitors from Europe has risen above 
20 per cent; more
than half come from the UK, encouraged by the development 
of the charter
tour business. Numbers of visitors from regions such as Latin
 America and
Japan have also grown. Along with this, the seasonality of the 
trade has
been reduced. Most Europeans - unlike many holidaymakers from the 
northern
US and Canada - vacation in the summer months.
Jamaica's tourism bu
siness is not without its problems. Rising crime levels
(attacks on tourists
 have grown and two have been murdered in the country in
the last two years)
 attract bad publicity, which may deter visitors if the
situation becomes wo
rse.
Some of the country's infrastructure - for example, the telephones and 
the
provision of electricity - has improved. But much remains inadequate.
'W
e have to improve the roads, reduce the number of potholes. Electricity
and 
telephone services have improved a lot. We are working on the water
situatio
n but it's moving a bit more slowly,' says Ms Needham.
Part of the problem i
s that infrastructure has not kept up with the growth
of the industry. Much 
of the development has been haphazard and resorts have
not been planned. 'We
 have to think of planning and zoning to make the
resorts more interesting a
nd attractive,' she says.
Other problems - such as air access to the region 
- are less under Jamaican
control. The future of Air Jamaica, the national a
irline, is uncertain. Mr
Omar Davies, the finance minister, says the governm
ent will stop providing
funds for the loss-making airline from the start of 
the new fiscal year in
April. Pan-American and Eastern airlines, which were 
the main carriers from
North America to the Caribbean, have collapsed, altho
ugh American Airlines
has scheduled additional flights.
Furthermore, competi
tion is becoming intense, and may become more so.
Several US states have sta
rted promoting themselves as holiday destinations.
Resorts in the Dominican 
Republic and Cancun in Mexico offer competitively
priced vacations. Cuba is 
attracting substantial hotel investment. Cuba
seems to offer an important me
dium-term threat, although its emergence as a
true competitor will depend on
 the lifting of the US embargo. Of all the
Caribbean islands, Cuba appears t
o offer most of what Jamaica has in sand,
sea and scenery.
'We can't compete
 with rates offered by Dominican Republic,' says one
Jamaican tourism offici
al. 'We can't sell our rooms for Dollars 20-Dollars
30 a night.'
Despite thi
s competition, there has been more of a co-operative approach to
Caribbean t
ourism in recent years. Once fiercely competitive, the resort
countries incl
uding Jamaica have implemented a big advertising programme in
the US to mark
et the region as a single destination to potential north
American visitors. 
The tourist authorities hope that one spin-off may be the
development of mor
e multi-centre holidays.
In common with other cruise ship destinations, ther
e have been concerns in
Jamaica that cruise visitors do not provide enough b
enefit to the local
economy. However, a decision to increase the cruise ship
 passenger tax from
Dollars 10 to Dollars 15 has been delayed, apparently fo
llowing pressure
from the cruise ship owners. Government officials have said
 that the
increase would be implemented over three years from January 1994.

</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>JMZ  Jamaica, Caribbean.
</CN>
<XX>
Indus
tries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9611 Administration of General Economic Programs.
    P79
99 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment
 & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 32 </P
AGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 161 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-2785</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-ECRDQAHCFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9403
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 MAR 94 / Survey of Poland (3): Expectations con
tinue to soar - Sustainable economic growth appears to be within grasp </HEA
DLINE>
<BYLINE>    By ANTHONY ROBINSON </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The Polish economy i
s expected to show the fastest economic growth in Europe
again this year, th
anks to higher productivity, rising domestic and foreign
investment and grow
ing exports. The gross domestic product (GDP) is
projected to rise by 5 per 
cent after a 4 per cent officially reported
increase in 1993 which bankers b
elieve probably understated the real growth
in the private sector.
Total out
put is now close to levels attained before the 'shock therapy'
reforms of 19
90, followed by the collapse of the Soviet market in 1991,
which sent output
 from the old state industries into a tailspin. Sustainable
economic growth 
appears to be within grasp, given reasonable political
stability domesticall
y and no destabilising shocks from Poland's eastern
neighbours.
Industrial o
utput at the end of 1993 was 8.1 per cent higher than a year ago
while growt
h in the under-recorded and previously underdeveloped service
sector has ris
en even faster. But the volume indicators fail to tell the
full story of an 
economy which now produces goods and services of a much
higher quality than 
four years ago - but employs 3m fewer workers to do the
job.
Socially and po
litically, high unemployment is a big worry. But economically
it means that 
strong productivity gains are underpinning the transformation
of the economy
 and creating the basis for rising profits, a growing rate of
capital accumu
lation, and job creation.
The underlying improvements have been overstated b
y last year's 900 per cent
rise in share prices on the Warsaw stock exchange
 which pushed price-equity
ratios to dizzy heights. But the emergence of a t
oughly regulated,
reasonably efficient stock market is undoubtedly one of th
e main economic
developments of the past 12 months.
This year should see rap
id expansion in the number of listed companies, from
the present 22, and a f
lood of new issues and capital increases as private
companies take advantage
 of high share prices to raise cheap equity capital.
The government is also 
expected to exploit this new channel by selling off
parts of state enterpris
es through share issues. Strengthening of the
financial infrastructure gener
ally is also a high priority with 22,000bn
zlotys (Dollars 1bn) earmarked in
 the budget for re-capitalisation of the
state-owned banks while smaller und
ercapitalised private banks will be taken
over by bigger groups under centra
l bank supervision. After lengthy delays,
the mass privatisation of more tha
n 400 state enterprises and the transfer
of managerial control to 20 new nat
ional Investment Funds (NIFs) is expected
to be finalised by the autumn, alo
ng with the creation of new pension funds,
investment trusts and insurance c
ompanies.
Inflation, measured by the consumer price index, rose sharply at t
he end of
1993, due to a hiccough over meat prices, although the average dro
pped to 36
per cent last year from 44 per cent in 1992. Price increases drop
ped back to
1.6 per cent in January, in line with projections of a decline i
n inflation
to 27 per cent on an annualised basis this year.
Prospects for f
uture growth, meanwhile, have been enhanced by last week's
London Club agree
ment for a 42.5 per cent reduction of Poland's Dollars
13.2bn foreign commer
cial bank debt. This should greatly facilitate the
inflow of foreign investm
ent required to modernise the economy and fund
ambitious infrastructure sche
mes.
Sustained growth and reducing inflation to single digits by 1998 as pla
nned
by the National Bank of Poland, the independent central bank headed by 
Ms
Hanna Gronkiewicz Waltz, also requires continuing political will to meet

IMF-approved monetary and fiscal targets in the face of growing political
pr
essure for higher social spending and trade union demands for higher
wages.

The centre-left coalition government formed after last September's elections

inherited the outlines of a stringent budget. The revised budget with its
d
eficit ceiling of 83,000bn zlotys, around 4.1 per cent of GDP, even
survived
 the resignation of Mr Marek Borowski, the finance minister, and a
power str
uggle between the coalition partners over control of economic
policy.
The su
ccessful introduction of value added tax (VAT) last July and the
higher over
all tax receipts deriving from a rising GDP allowed the new
government to ra
ise social spending marginally. Higher revenue and lower
than forecast spend
ing kept the 1993 deficit to 3.6 per cent of GDP, well
below the 5 per cent 
target.
Parliament approved the 1994 budget on March 5. This paved the way f
or a new
IMF standby agreement, which in turn will ensure implementation of 
the 20
per cent, second-stage write-down of Poland's official debt at the en
d of
March. This completes the 50 per cent overall write-down in Poland's fo
rmer
Dollars 33bn official debt agreed by the Paris Club in April, 1991.
Ser
vicing the foreign debt will be expensive, costing around Dollars 6bn
annual
ly by the middle of the next decade. But, short term, Poland's
reserves rose
 last year to Dollars 7.6bn in spite of a Dollars 2.3bn trade
deficit last y
ear and the London Club agreement should make future borrowing
easier.
The s
tronger reserve position is accounted for partly by the spending of
foreigne
rs, including planeloads of shoppers from oil-rich Russian towns and
more th
an 45m German day-trippers attracted by cheaper shopping.
But reserves have 
also benefited from rising foreign investment in the
Warsaw stock exchange a
nd in Polish companies and from the capital flight
out of Russia last year.

Several other indicators also suggest that real incomes and the level of
ove
rall economic activity are probably higher than officially stated. An 11
per
 cent rise in retail sales in real terms last year, indicates that
disposabl
e incomes have been rising although official statistics point to a
further 2
.9 per cent decline in average real wages last year.
The progress already ma
de is impressive. Most subsidies and distortions have
been removed, many of 
the most energy intensive and polluting factories,
mines and plants have bee
n closed, restructured or down-sized. More than 60
per cent of the economy i
s now privatised and several former loss-making
state sector companies, even
 in traditional sectors such as shipbuilding
have been turned around. Once s
taid foreign trade organisations, like
Budimex and Elektrim, have been priva
tised and transformed into
internationally competitive companies which could
 form the core of future
'national champions'.
The Polish economy still has 
a long way to go before it can deliver western
living standards. But unemplo
yment should peak and start to fall in 1994 as
higher investment gets under 
way. This will ensure the sustainability of an
upswing which is already well
 into its second year and could last for years,
provided it is not choked by
 inflationary increases in public spending and
incomes.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countri
es:-
</XX>
<CN>PLZ  Poland, East Europe.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P
9311 Finance, Taxation, and Monetary Policy.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CM
MT  Comment & Analysis.
    ECON  Gross domestic product.
    ECON  Inflatio
n.
    ECON  Industrial production.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page II </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 162 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 175 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 176 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 177 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-17376</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EAECPABFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
105
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism clim
bs by 3.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries 
Correspondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals 
worldwide last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, accor
ding to the World Tourism
Organisation.
International tourism receipts rose 
9 per cent to Dollars 324bn (Pounds
219bn). The East Asian and Pacific regio
n recorded the highest level of
growth last year, with arrivals up 11.8 per 
cent to 68.5m.
Tourist receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 
52.6bn.
The Americas recorded the second highest growth, with arrivals up 5.
6 per
cent to 106.5m and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Travel
 within North America fell as a result of difficult economic
conditions but 
tourists from Europe compensated for the shortfall. The
Caribbean and Latin 
America had a successful year, the organisation said.
Europe remained the wo
rld's largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receip
ts of Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and
 5.7 per cent respectively.
Northern European countries had a difficult year
, while eastern and central
European destinations recorded strong growth.
Th
e eastern Mediterranean held up well.
Growth in tourism to Africa was also l
imited, with arrivals up 2 per cent to
17.9m. Tourism receipts were healthie
r, however, growing 8.7 per cent to
Dollars 6.4bn.
The losers last year were
 the Middle East and south Asia. The organisation
said the Middle East had f
ailed to maintain its post-Gulf war promise, with
arrivals down 8.4 per cent
 to 7.2m. Receipts fell 7.4 per cent to Dollars
4.9bn.
In south Asia, arriva
ls fell by 1.4 per cent to 3.4m, with receipts down 2.9
per cent to Dollars 
2bn.
The organisation said it expected international tourist arrivals to ris
e to
661m by 2000 and to 937m by 2010.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XB
Z  North America.
    XEZ  South America.
    XGZ  Europe.
    XOZ  Asia.
</
CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<
XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </P
UB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 178 ==============================================
Transaction #:    178       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-17376</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EAECPABFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
105
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism clim
bs by 3.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries 
Correspondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals 
worldwide last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, accor
ding to the World Tourism
Organisation.
International tourism receipts rose 
9 per cent to Dollars 324bn (Pounds
219bn). The East Asian and Pacific regio
n recorded the highest level of
growth last year, with arrivals up 11.8 per 
cent to 68.5m.
Tourist receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 
52.6bn.
The Americas recorded the second highest growth, with arrivals up 5.
6 per
cent to 106.5m and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Travel
 within North America fell as a result of difficult economic
conditions but 
tourists from Europe compensated for the shortfall. The
Caribbean and Latin 
America had a successful year, the organisation said.
Europe remained the wo
rld's largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receip
ts of Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and
 5.7 per cent respectively.
Northern European countries had a difficult year
, while eastern and central
European destinations recorded strong growth.
Th
e eastern Mediterranean held up well.
Growth in tourism to Africa was also l
imited, with arrivals up 2 per cent to
17.9m. Tourism receipts were healthie
r, however, growing 8.7 per cent to
Dollars 6.4bn.
The losers last year were
 the Middle East and south Asia. The organisation
said the Middle East had f
ailed to maintain its post-Gulf war promise, with
arrivals down 8.4 per cent
 to 7.2m. Receipts fell 7.4 per cent to Dollars
4.9bn.
In south Asia, arriva
ls fell by 1.4 per cent to 3.4m, with receipts down 2.9
per cent to Dollars 
2bn.
The organisation said it expected international tourist arrivals to ris
e to
661m by 2000 and to 937m by 2010.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XB
Z  North America.
    XEZ  South America.
    XGZ  Europe.
    XOZ  Asia.
</
CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<
XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </P
UB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 179 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT941-17376</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EAECPABFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>940
105
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  05 JAN 94 / World Trade News: Global tourism clim
bs by 3.8% </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MICHAEL SKAPINKER, Leisure Industries 
Correspondent </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The number of international tourist arrivals 
worldwide last year was about
500m, a 3.8 per cent increase over 1992, accor
ding to the World Tourism
Organisation.
International tourism receipts rose 
9 per cent to Dollars 324bn (Pounds
219bn). The East Asian and Pacific regio
n recorded the highest level of
growth last year, with arrivals up 11.8 per 
cent to 68.5m.
Tourist receipts in the region rose 15.2 per cent to Dollars 
52.6bn.
The Americas recorded the second highest growth, with arrivals up 5.
6 per
cent to 106.5m and receipts up 14.3 per cent to Dollars 95.5bn.
Travel
 within North America fell as a result of difficult economic
conditions but 
tourists from Europe compensated for the shortfall. The
Caribbean and Latin 
America had a successful year, the organisation said.
Europe remained the wo
rld's largest tourist destination, with 296.5m
arrivals last year and receip
ts of Dollars 162.6bn. This represented growth
over 1992 of 2.1 per cent and
 5.7 per cent respectively.
Northern European countries had a difficult year
, while eastern and central
European destinations recorded strong growth.
Th
e eastern Mediterranean held up well.
Growth in tourism to Africa was also l
imited, with arrivals up 2 per cent to
17.9m. Tourism receipts were healthie
r, however, growing 8.7 per cent to
Dollars 6.4bn.
The losers last year were
 the Middle East and south Asia. The organisation
said the Middle East had f
ailed to maintain its post-Gulf war promise, with
arrivals down 8.4 per cent
 to 7.2m. Receipts fell 7.4 per cent to Dollars
4.9bn.
In south Asia, arriva
ls fell by 1.4 per cent to 3.4m, with receipts down 2.9
per cent to Dollars 
2bn.
The organisation said it expected international tourist arrivals to ris
e to
661m by 2000 and to 937m by 2010.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XB
Z  North America.
    XEZ  South America.
    XGZ  Europe.
    XOZ  Asia.
</
CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P7999 Amusement and Recreation, NEC.
</IN>
<
XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </P
UB>
<PAGE> London Page 4 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 180 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 181 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 182 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 183 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT943-2749</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EIRAQACEFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9409
17
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  17 SEP 94 / UK Company News: Tropical storm disrup
ts Geest's banana supplies </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID BLACKWELL </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
Banana supplies to Geest, whose shares fell sharply early in the 
year
following disease on its Costa Rican plantations, have been hit by a
tr
opical storm in the Windward Islands.
Shares in the group fell 30p to 211p, 
almost half the year's high of 375p.
Tropical Storm Debbie hit the islands a
 week ago, causing extensive flooding
around St Lucia and damage to roads an
d bridges. Geest, which is under
contract to ship all the islands' bananas, 
estimates that output will be 40
per cent down.
It expects to load only 2,40
0 tonnes a week, compared with a normal load of
4,000 tonnes. The islands, w
hich usually provide more than half the group's
total banana volume, are not
 expected to return to full production until the
end of next year.
The EC's 
Banana Management Committee, which meets next Wednesday, will
consider how t
he disaster should be treated under the banana import regime.
Mr David Sugde
n, Geest's chief executive, said the group was lobbying the
European Commiss
ion to allow it to buy bananas from other sources to make up
the shortfall, 
and import them into the UK at the same tariff.
He attacked the political un
certainty still surrounding the regime, as it is
unclear whether the commiss
ion has the power to determine the tariff on
alternative supplies. 'It is a 
nonsense that, a year into the regime, we are
sitting here in this position 
because of an incident that was eminently
foreseeable.'
He is expecting some
 support from the French as the banana industry in
Martinique also suffered 
from the storm.
Geest will announce its interim results next Thursday. The C
ity is expecting
about Pounds 12m, against Pounds 3.5m, following improved b
anana prices.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Geest.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries
:-
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<CN>CRZ  Costa Rica, Central America.
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<IN>P0179 Fruits and Tree Nuts, NEC.
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 11 </PAGE>

</DOC>

============= Transaction # 184 ==============================================
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17
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ts Geest's banana supplies </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID BLACKWELL </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
Banana supplies to Geest, whose shares fell sharply early in the 
year
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tr
opical storm in the Windward Islands.
Shares in the group fell 30p to 211p, 
almost half the year's high of 375p.
Tropical Storm Debbie hit the islands a
 week ago, causing extensive flooding
around St Lucia and damage to roads an
d bridges. Geest, which is under
contract to ship all the islands' bananas, 
estimates that output will be 40
per cent down.
It expects to load only 2,40
0 tonnes a week, compared with a normal load of
4,000 tonnes. The islands, w
hich usually provide more than half the group's
total banana volume, are not
 expected to return to full production until the
end of next year.
The EC's 
Banana Management Committee, which meets next Wednesday, will
consider how t
he disaster should be treated under the banana import regime.
Mr David Sugde
n, Geest's chief executive, said the group was lobbying the
European Commiss
ion to allow it to buy bananas from other sources to make up
the shortfall, 
and import them into the UK at the same tariff.
He attacked the political un
certainty still surrounding the regime, as it is
unclear whether the commiss
ion has the power to determine the tariff on
alternative supplies. 'It is a 
nonsense that, a year into the regime, we are
sitting here in this position 
because of an incident that was eminently
foreseeable.'
He is expecting some
 support from the French as the banana industry in
Martinique also suffered 
from the storm.
Geest will announce its interim results next Thursday. The C
ity is expecting
about Pounds 12m, against Pounds 3.5m, following improved b
anana prices.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Geest.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries
:-
</XX>
<CN>CRZ  Costa Rica, Central America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P0179 Fruits and Tree Nuts, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>MKTS  Pro
duction.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 11 </PAGE>

</DOC>

============= Transaction # 185 ==============================================
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ts Geest's banana supplies </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID BLACKWELL </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
Banana supplies to Geest, whose shares fell sharply early in the 
year
following disease on its Costa Rican plantations, have been hit by a
tr
opical storm in the Windward Islands.
Shares in the group fell 30p to 211p, 
almost half the year's high of 375p.
Tropical Storm Debbie hit the islands a
 week ago, causing extensive flooding
around St Lucia and damage to roads an
d bridges. Geest, which is under
contract to ship all the islands' bananas, 
estimates that output will be 40
per cent down.
It expects to load only 2,40
0 tonnes a week, compared with a normal load of
4,000 tonnes. The islands, w
hich usually provide more than half the group's
total banana volume, are not
 expected to return to full production until the
end of next year.
The EC's 
Banana Management Committee, which meets next Wednesday, will
consider how t
he disaster should be treated under the banana import regime.
Mr David Sugde
n, Geest's chief executive, said the group was lobbying the
European Commiss
ion to allow it to buy bananas from other sources to make up
the shortfall, 
and import them into the UK at the same tariff.
He attacked the political un
certainty still surrounding the regime, as it is
unclear whether the commiss
ion has the power to determine the tariff on
alternative supplies. 'It is a 
nonsense that, a year into the regime, we are
sitting here in this position 
because of an incident that was eminently
foreseeable.'
He is expecting some
 support from the French as the banana industry in
Martinique also suffered 
from the storm.
Geest will announce its interim results next Thursday. The C
ity is expecting
about Pounds 12m, against Pounds 3.5m, following improved b
anana prices.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Geest.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries
:-
</XX>
<CN>CRZ  Costa Rica, Central America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P0179 Fruits and Tree Nuts, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>MKTS  Pro
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</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 11 </PAGE>

</DOC>

============= Transaction # 186 ==============================================
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ts Geest's banana supplies </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID BLACKWELL </BYLI
NE>
<TEXT>
Banana supplies to Geest, whose shares fell sharply early in the 
year
following disease on its Costa Rican plantations, have been hit by a
tr
opical storm in the Windward Islands.
Shares in the group fell 30p to 211p, 
almost half the year's high of 375p.
Tropical Storm Debbie hit the islands a
 week ago, causing extensive flooding
around St Lucia and damage to roads an
d bridges. Geest, which is under
contract to ship all the islands' bananas, 
estimates that output will be 40
per cent down.
It expects to load only 2,40
0 tonnes a week, compared with a normal load of
4,000 tonnes. The islands, w
hich usually provide more than half the group's
total banana volume, are not
 expected to return to full production until the
end of next year.
The EC's 
Banana Management Committee, which meets next Wednesday, will
consider how t
he disaster should be treated under the banana import regime.
Mr David Sugde
n, Geest's chief executive, said the group was lobbying the
European Commiss
ion to allow it to buy bananas from other sources to make up
the shortfall, 
and import them into the UK at the same tariff.
He attacked the political un
certainty still surrounding the regime, as it is
unclear whether the commiss
ion has the power to determine the tariff on
alternative supplies. 'It is a 
nonsense that, a year into the regime, we are
sitting here in this position 
because of an incident that was eminently
foreseeable.'
He is expecting some
 support from the French as the banana industry in
Martinique also suffered 
from the storm.
Geest will announce its interim results next Thursday. The C
ity is expecting
about Pounds 12m, against Pounds 3.5m, following improved b
anana prices.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Geest.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries
:-
</XX>
<CN>CRZ  Costa Rica, Central America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>

<IN>P0179 Fruits and Tree Nuts, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>MKTS  Pro
duction.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 11 </PAGE>

</DOC>

============= Transaction # 187 ==============================================
Transaction #:    187       Transaction Code:  39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) 

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22
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pines </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Tropical Storm Ted ripped across the Philippines, k
illing five people,
demolishing houses and causing floods, landslides and vo
lcanic mudflows.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internationa
l Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 188 ==============================================
Transaction #:    188       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<TEXT>
Tropical Storm Ted ripped across the Philippines, k
illing five people,
demolishing houses and causing floods, landslides and vo
lcanic mudflows.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internationa
l Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 189 ==============================================
Transaction #:    189       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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<TEXT>
Tropical Storm Ted ripped across the Philippines, k
illing five people,
demolishing houses and causing floods, landslides and vo
lcanic mudflows.
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> Internationa
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</DOC>

============= Transaction # 190 ==============================================
Transaction #:    190       Transaction Code:  39 (Full Doc Window --TREC) 

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ique </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
A three-year-old girl was missing, believed drowned,
 and about 10 people
were injured as tropical storm Cindy swept the French C
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</TEXT>
<XX>
Countrie
s:-
</XX>
<CN>MQZ  Martinique, Caribbean.
</CN>
<XX>
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</XX>
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P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
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 1 </PAGE>
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============= Transaction # 191 ==============================================
Transaction #:    191       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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ique </HEADLINE>
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A three-year-old girl was missing, believed drowned,
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aribbean island of
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</XX>
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<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> International Page
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</DOC>

============= Transaction # 192 ==============================================
Transaction #:    192       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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</XX>
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P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
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</XX>
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<PAGE> International Page
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============= Transaction # 193 ==============================================
Transaction #:    193       Transaction Code:  19 (Record Selected)        

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DLINE>
<BYLINE>    By JOSEPH MANN </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   CARACAS
</DATELINE
>
<TEXT>
VENEZUELAN firemen and civil defence crews were yesterday pulling b
odies out
of the wreckage of shanty towns ringing Caracas, after tropical st
orm Bret
hit at the weekend.
The storm killed about 150 people in the capita
l, according to reports.
Hundreds have been injured and thousands left homel
ess. Yesterday, residents
were clearing up after the rains (picture left).
M
ost of the damage occurred in the Caracas metropolitan area, where heavy
rai
ns on Sunday morning battered slum dwellings perched on the city's many
hill
s, causing mudslides and burying people alive.
The total number of victims w
as still in doubt yesterday and the government
had not issued official figur
es.
Caracas newspapers estimated fatalities nationwide could exceed 300.
The
 US National Weather Service said yesterday that Bret, which was breaking
up
 as it moved off the Colombian coast, could gain strength before passing
ove
r Central America.
The government of Venezuelan President Ramon Jose Velasqu
ez of has declared
a state of national mourning.
Despite a big fiscal defici
t, officials are looking for ways to release
funds for emergency relief.
</T
EXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>VEZ  Venezuela, South America.
</CN>
<XX>
In
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<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
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<PUB>The Financial Times
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</DOC>

============= Transaction # 194 ==============================================
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 insurers off lightly </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By MARTIN DICKSON and ROBERT P
ESTON </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    NEW YORK, LONDON </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
HURRICANE 
Andrew, claimed to be the costliest natural disaster in US
history, yesterda
y smashed its way through the state of Louisiana,
inflicting severe damage o
n rural communities but narrowly missing the
low-lying city of New Orleans.

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otal less than Dollars 1bn, well below earlier expectations, a senior
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 small coastal centres such as Morgan City,
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history, yesterda
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inflicting severe damage o
n rural communities but narrowly missing the
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of damage may have been caus
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st of the destruction occurred in a 10-mile band
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llars 150,000. US insurers will face a bill
in respect of such properties, b
ut Lloyd's exposure there is minimal.
Many destroyed power lines are thought
 to be uninsured, as are trees and
shrubs uprooted across a wide area. Only 
one big hotel in that area has been
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Across Flo
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health offi
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Hurrica
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<TEXT>
Muddy floodwaters cover the streets of downtown Mont
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 the state for a
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 insurers off lightly </HEADLINE>
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ESTON </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>    NEW YORK, LONDON </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
HURRICANE 
Andrew, claimed to be the costliest natural disaster in US
history, yesterda
y smashed its way through the state of Louisiana,
inflicting severe damage o
n rural communities but narrowly missing the
low-lying city of New Orleans.

The storm, which brought havoc to southern Florida on Monday and then headed

north-west across the Gulf of Mexico, had made landfall late on Tuesday
nig
ht some 60 miles south-west of the city in the agricultural Cajun
country.
A
lthough the damage from the hurricane's landfall in Florida on Monday was
mu
ch greater than initially esti mated, insurers' losses there are likely to
t
otal less than Dollars 1bn, well below earlier expectations, a senior
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 of Lloyd's insurance market said yesterday.
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ded with wind speeds of about 120 miles per
hour and caused severe damage in
 small coastal centres such as Morgan City,
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ted tornadoes devastated Laplace, 20 miles
west of New Orleans.
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r, Andrew lost force as it moved north over land. By yesterday
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 had been down-graded to tropical storm, in that its sustained
windspeeds we
re below 75 mph.
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injured and
thousands made homeless along the Louisiana coast, after 14 conf
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industry, although some plants ha
d to halt production when electricity was
cut.
The Lloyd's member, in close 
contact with leading insurers in Florida, said
that damage to insured proper
ty was remarkably small. More than Dollars 15bn
of damage may have been caus
ed in all, but was mostly to uninsured property,
he said.
In north Miami, da
mage is minimal. Worst affected is one hotel, whose
basement was flooded. Mo
st of the destruction occurred in a 10-mile band
across Homestead, 25 miles 
to the south of Miami, where a typical house
sells for Dollars 100,000 to Do
llars 150,000. US insurers will face a bill
in respect of such properties, b
ut Lloyd's exposure there is minimal.
Many destroyed power lines are thought
 to be uninsured, as are trees and
shrubs uprooted across a wide area. Only 
one big hotel in that area has been
badly damaged, a Holiday Inn.
Across Flo
rida, some 2m people remained without electric ity yesterday and
health offi
cials were warning the public to boil or chemically treat all
water.
Hurrica
ne Hugo, which devastated much of South Carolina in 1989, cost the
insurance
 industry some Dollars 4.2bn. Further uninsured losses may have
raised the t
otal to Dollars 6bn-Dollars 10bn.
</TEXT>
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<P
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============= Transaction # 209 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 217 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 218 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-786</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CI0ADABQFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>92092
6
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  26 SEP 92 / The Lex Column: US economy </HEADLINE>

<TEXT>
Yesterday's US economic data make gloomy reading, with the country
ap
parently heading towards a third leg of the recession. The brightest spot
wa
s the 0.1 per cent fall in August personal expenditure. After allowing for
d
istortions from Hurricane Andrew, that indicates a boost to the economy
from
 consumer spending. However, consumers have been running down savings to
pay
 for spending in recent months. They may not be able to keep that up: the
da
ta also showed personal income falling by 0.5 per cent. Not surprisingly,
fi
nancial markets are looking towards a Federal Reserve rate cut after the
rel
ease of September's employment report next Friday.
Even if that happens it i
s difficult to see the economy turning up soon.
Companies have little reason
 to invest when both presidential candidates are
offering an investment tax 
credit next year. Consumers may now also defer
spending until the election r
esult is known. And while US goods are cheap in
world markets, even after th
e recent rally of the dollar, slow growth around
the world means poor export
 prospects. Wall Street may take some heart from
third quarter results which
 show companies increasing earnings by cutting
costs. Yet without a recovery
, these savings may be viewed as a one-off
gain, making current earnings mul
tiples look too high.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London 
Page 24 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 222 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-3529</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CIKCNADLFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
11
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  11 SEP 92 / Early hurricane claims to Lloyd's put 
at Pounds 500m </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD LAPPER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
LO
SSES FROM Hurricane Andrew are expected to cost the Lloyd's non-marine
under
writers less than Pounds 500m, a senior underwriter said yesterday.
Mr Georg
e Lloyd-Roberts, chairman of the Lloyd's Non-marine Underwriters'
Associatio
n, said overall insured losses on land from the hurricane, which
late last m
onth devastated parts of Florida and Louisiana, would probably
amount to bet
ween Dollars 7bn (Pounds 3.55bn) and Dollars 8bn.
Losses offshore, sustained
 as a result of damage to oil rigs, for example,
will also affect Lloyd's, a
lthough marine underwriters have yet to provide
estimates of potential losse
s.
Although reinsurers are likely to pay Dollars 6bn of the loss, Lloyd's
un
derwriters are expecting to pay no more than 15 per cent of that amount,
lea
ving them with maximum losses of Dollars 900m.
Mr Lloyd-Roberts said Lloyd's
 was less exposed to Hurricane Andrew than it
was to Hurricane Hugo, which c
aused claims of more than Dollars 5bn in 1989.
US insurers had bought less r
einsurance after rate increases. In addition,
the spiral reinsurance market,
 in which Lloyd's syndicates and companies
reinsure each other's high-level 
catastrophe exposures, had collapsed.
The market would be able to gauge the 
extent of claims from Andrew much more
quickly than with Hurricane Hugo.
'We
're looking at a finite situation,' Mr Lloyd-Roberts said. 'We know how
much
 reinsurance the US companies have bought.'
By September 9, London market re
insurers had paid claims of Dollars 152m.
Lloyd's underwriters had paid out 
Dollars 72.96m.
Lloyd's said yesterday it hoped that 'loss review' investiga
tions into
syndicates that were overwhelmed by claims from Hurricane Hugo an
d other
catastrophes between 1987 and 1990 might be ready in the next few we
eks.
A loss review team investigating the losses of two of those syndicates 
- 216
and 833/834, which were managed by the Devonshire agency - issued an i
nterim
report last month.
The report said that Names - the individuals whose
 assets support Lloyd's
underwriting - on syndicate 216 had already received
 cash calls amounting to
Pounds 56.86m for 1989 and Pounds 14.14m for 1990, 
while those on syndicate
833/834 had been asked to pay Pounds 21.73m in 1989
 and Pounds 11.04m in
1990.
Separately, the Lloyd's council has approved new
 regulations that will allow
syndicates to make greater use of quota share r
einsurance bought from
outside the Lloyd's market.
Syndicates will be able t
o underwrite up to 125 per cent of their premium
income limit (the maximum a
mount of premiums they are allowed to underwrite)
if they have re-insurance 
in place to cover all premiums above 100 per cent.
The arrangement will allo
w syndicates to underwrite more business at a time
of rising premium rates.

</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 8 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 225 ==============================================
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-2519</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CLNB1AD6FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9212
12
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  12 DEC 92 / World News in Brief: Storm batters US 
east coast </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
A severe winter storm with hurricane force win
ds and snow battered the north
east coast of the US, causing flooding, power
 failures and hundreds of
accidents, and throwing New York into chaos.
Dow d
ips as storms keep traders away, Page 23
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </
PUB>
<PAGE> London Page 1 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 226 ==============================================
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<DOCNO>FT923-7399</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CHTAOADUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 AUG 92 / Houston in a whirl as the party hurric
ane hits </HEADLINE>
<DATELINE>    REPUBLICANS were warned that Houston can 
be inhospitable </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
not politically necessarily, but climatic
ally, write Jurek Martin and
Matthew Kaminski in Houston.
Thus it seemed a g
ood omen that the convention dawned with, by local
standards, balmy weather,
 dry heat in the mid-80s, and coolish nights
perfect for the party-going whi
ch accompanies these quadrennial bashes,
regardless of political affiliation
.
But it is also hurricane season and, as has been endlessly reported, in
pr
evious years 10 hurricanes have struck the city between August 17-20, the
da
ys spanning the convention. The weather service has discovered an ominous
tr
opical depression in the Gulf of Mexico.
If it hits, the Republicans could f
ind non-political chaos on their hands.
For a start Houston is a city made f
or motorists (actually, made only for
motorists since public transport is ru
dimentary). But it is the
constitutional right of every Texan, and most of t
he south, to drink and
drive, which means the parties have not been affected
.
Not that every party is necessarily overflowing with the demon drink.
Yest
erday, for example, the Reverend Pat Robertson, who sought the
Republican no
mination in 1988, hosted Pat Boone, the 1950s singer turned
television evang
elist, Vice-President Dan Quayle and Oliver North, of
Iran-Contra fame at a 
'God and country rally.' As Garry Wills, the astute
observer of American pol
itics, says: 'The crazies are in charge.'
More conventional good 'ole countr
y fun is being sponsored by the National
Rifle Association - '3,000,000 stro
ng and we vote' proclaim the three
billboards that surround the convention s
ite. The association supports a
kind of old west ideal rather than, it seems
, the violence and urban blight
to be found in economically depressed modern
 Houston.
Also there was Charlton Heston, the hero of many westerns, who is 
now the
gun lobby's pitch man, and Randy Travis, the president's favourite c
ountry
singer, who can be guaranteed to sing what Republicans hope to make t
he
mantra of this convention: 'Forever and ever, amen'.
Still, the Republica
ns are now, in the late Lee Atwater's words, the big
tent, tolerant of all s
orts of opinion. This is why extra-convention dissent
has been confined to a
 vacant lot across the street from the Astrodome -
where signs had to be app
roved before coming in. Towering above them is one
of the NRA billboards.
Th
e big tent approach, though, does make for unlikely party bedfellows. It
wou
ld perhaps be too much to expect the American Israel Political Action
Commit
tee (AIPAC) to invite Mr Buchanan, Mr Bush's challenger in the
presidential 
primaries, to speak.
But the way things are going this year it is within the
 realm of possibility
that Planned Parenthood could invite former Senator Ba
rry Goldwater for
lunch.
The old conservative warhorse has recently taken to
 warning President George
Bush that his adamant opposition to abortion could
 cost him the election.
After all, it is Mr Bush himself who keeps calling 1
992 'this screwy
political year'.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 5 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 227 ==============================================
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<PROFILE>_AN-CHTAOADUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
18
</DATE>
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ane hits </HEADLINE>
<DATELINE>    REPUBLICANS were warned that Houston can 
be inhospitable </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
not politically necessarily, but climatic
ally, write Jurek Martin and
Matthew Kaminski in Houston.
Thus it seemed a g
ood omen that the convention dawned with, by local
standards, balmy weather,
 dry heat in the mid-80s, and coolish nights
perfect for the party-going whi
ch accompanies these quadrennial bashes,
regardless of political affiliation
.
But it is also hurricane season and, as has been endlessly reported, in
pr
evious years 10 hurricanes have struck the city between August 17-20, the
da
ys spanning the convention. The weather service has discovered an ominous
tr
opical depression in the Gulf of Mexico.
If it hits, the Republicans could f
ind non-political chaos on their hands.
For a start Houston is a city made f
or motorists (actually, made only for
motorists since public transport is ru
dimentary). But it is the
constitutional right of every Texan, and most of t
he south, to drink and
drive, which means the parties have not been affected
.
Not that every party is necessarily overflowing with the demon drink.
Yest
erday, for example, the Reverend Pat Robertson, who sought the
Republican no
mination in 1988, hosted Pat Boone, the 1950s singer turned
television evang
elist, Vice-President Dan Quayle and Oliver North, of
Iran-Contra fame at a 
'God and country rally.' As Garry Wills, the astute
observer of American pol
itics, says: 'The crazies are in charge.'
More conventional good 'ole countr
y fun is being sponsored by the National
Rifle Association - '3,000,000 stro
ng and we vote' proclaim the three
billboards that surround the convention s
ite. The association supports a
kind of old west ideal rather than, it seems
, the violence and urban blight
to be found in economically depressed modern
 Houston.
Also there was Charlton Heston, the hero of many westerns, who is 
now the
gun lobby's pitch man, and Randy Travis, the president's favourite c
ountry
singer, who can be guaranteed to sing what Republicans hope to make t
he
mantra of this convention: 'Forever and ever, amen'.
Still, the Republica
ns are now, in the late Lee Atwater's words, the big
tent, tolerant of all s
orts of opinion. This is why extra-convention dissent
has been confined to a
 vacant lot across the street from the Astrodome -
where signs had to be app
roved before coming in. Towering above them is one
of the NRA billboards.
Th
e big tent approach, though, does make for unlikely party bedfellows. It
wou
ld perhaps be too much to expect the American Israel Political Action
Commit
tee (AIPAC) to invite Mr Buchanan, Mr Bush's challenger in the
presidential 
primaries, to speak.
But the way things are going this year it is within the
 realm of possibility
that Planned Parenthood could invite former Senator Ba
rry Goldwater for
lunch.
The old conservative warhorse has recently taken to
 warning President George
Bush that his adamant opposition to abortion could
 cost him the election.
After all, it is Mr Bush himself who keeps calling 1
992 'this screwy
political year'.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 5 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 228 ==============================================
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<PROFILE>_AN-CHTAOADUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 AUG 92 / Houston in a whirl as the party hurric
ane hits </HEADLINE>
<DATELINE>    REPUBLICANS were warned that Houston can 
be inhospitable </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
not politically necessarily, but climatic
ally, write Jurek Martin and
Matthew Kaminski in Houston.
Thus it seemed a g
ood omen that the convention dawned with, by local
standards, balmy weather,
 dry heat in the mid-80s, and coolish nights
perfect for the party-going whi
ch accompanies these quadrennial bashes,
regardless of political affiliation
.
But it is also hurricane season and, as has been endlessly reported, in
pr
evious years 10 hurricanes have struck the city between August 17-20, the
da
ys spanning the convention. The weather service has discovered an ominous
tr
opical depression in the Gulf of Mexico.
If it hits, the Republicans could f
ind non-political chaos on their hands.
For a start Houston is a city made f
or motorists (actually, made only for
motorists since public transport is ru
dimentary). But it is the
constitutional right of every Texan, and most of t
he south, to drink and
drive, which means the parties have not been affected
.
Not that every party is necessarily overflowing with the demon drink.
Yest
erday, for example, the Reverend Pat Robertson, who sought the
Republican no
mination in 1988, hosted Pat Boone, the 1950s singer turned
television evang
elist, Vice-President Dan Quayle and Oliver North, of
Iran-Contra fame at a 
'God and country rally.' As Garry Wills, the astute
observer of American pol
itics, says: 'The crazies are in charge.'
More conventional good 'ole countr
y fun is being sponsored by the National
Rifle Association - '3,000,000 stro
ng and we vote' proclaim the three
billboards that surround the convention s
ite. The association supports a
kind of old west ideal rather than, it seems
, the violence and urban blight
to be found in economically depressed modern
 Houston.
Also there was Charlton Heston, the hero of many westerns, who is 
now the
gun lobby's pitch man, and Randy Travis, the president's favourite c
ountry
singer, who can be guaranteed to sing what Republicans hope to make t
he
mantra of this convention: 'Forever and ever, amen'.
Still, the Republica
ns are now, in the late Lee Atwater's words, the big
tent, tolerant of all s
orts of opinion. This is why extra-convention dissent
has been confined to a
 vacant lot across the street from the Astrodome -
where signs had to be app
roved before coming in. Towering above them is one
of the NRA billboards.
Th
e big tent approach, though, does make for unlikely party bedfellows. It
wou
ld perhaps be too much to expect the American Israel Political Action
Commit
tee (AIPAC) to invite Mr Buchanan, Mr Bush's challenger in the
presidential 
primaries, to speak.
But the way things are going this year it is within the
 realm of possibility
that Planned Parenthood could invite former Senator Ba
rry Goldwater for
lunch.
The old conservative warhorse has recently taken to
 warning President George
Bush that his adamant opposition to abortion could
 cost him the election.
After all, it is Mr Bush himself who keeps calling 1
992 'this screwy
political year'.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 5 </PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 229 ==============================================
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<TEXT>
At least 19 people died and thousands were left home
less in western Mexico
as hurricane Calvin moved up the Pacific coast.
Weath
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<PUB>The Financ
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============= Transaction # 230 ==============================================
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At least 19 people died and thousands were left home
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as hurricane Calvin moved up the Pacific coast.
Weath
er, Page 26
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<PUB>The Financ
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============= Transaction # 233 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 234 ==============================================
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<DOCNO>FT923-7399</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CHTAOADUFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9208
18
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  18 AUG 92 / Houston in a whirl as the party hurric
ane hits </HEADLINE>
<DATELINE>    REPUBLICANS were warned that Houston can 
be inhospitable </DATELINE>
<TEXT>
not politically necessarily, but climatic
ally, write Jurek Martin and
Matthew Kaminski in Houston.
Thus it seemed a g
ood omen that the convention dawned with, by local
standards, balmy weather,
 dry heat in the mid-80s, and coolish nights
perfect for the party-going whi
ch accompanies these quadrennial bashes,
regardless of political affiliation
.
But it is also hurricane season and, as has been endlessly reported, in
pr
evious years 10 hurricanes have struck the city between August 17-20, the
da
ys spanning the convention. The weather service has discovered an ominous
tr
opical depression in the Gulf of Mexico.
If it hits, the Republicans could f
ind non-political chaos on their hands.
For a start Houston is a city made f
or motorists (actually, made only for
motorists since public transport is ru
dimentary). But it is the
constitutional right of every Texan, and most of t
he south, to drink and
drive, which means the parties have not been affected
.
Not that every party is necessarily overflowing with the demon drink.
Yest
erday, for example, the Reverend Pat Robertson, who sought the
Republican no
mination in 1988, hosted Pat Boone, the 1950s singer turned
television evang
elist, Vice-President Dan Quayle and Oliver North, of
Iran-Contra fame at a 
'God and country rally.' As Garry Wills, the astute
observer of American pol
itics, says: 'The crazies are in charge.'
More conventional good 'ole countr
y fun is being sponsored by the National
Rifle Association - '3,000,000 stro
ng and we vote' proclaim the three
billboards that surround the convention s
ite. The association supports a
kind of old west ideal rather than, it seems
, the violence and urban blight
to be found in economically depressed modern
 Houston.
Also there was Charlton Heston, the hero of many westerns, who is 
now the
gun lobby's pitch man, and Randy Travis, the president's favourite c
ountry
singer, who can be guaranteed to sing what Republicans hope to make t
he
mantra of this convention: 'Forever and ever, amen'.
Still, the Republica
ns are now, in the late Lee Atwater's words, the big
tent, tolerant of all s
orts of opinion. This is why extra-convention dissent
has been confined to a
 vacant lot across the street from the Astrodome -
where signs had to be app
roved before coming in. Towering above them is one
of the NRA billboards.
Th
e big tent approach, though, does make for unlikely party bedfellows. It
wou
ld perhaps be too much to expect the American Israel Political Action
Commit
tee (AIPAC) to invite Mr Buchanan, Mr Bush's challenger in the
presidential 
primaries, to speak.
But the way things are going this year it is within the
 realm of possibility
that Planned Parenthood could invite former Senator Ba
rry Goldwater for
lunch.
The old conservative warhorse has recently taken to
 warning President George
Bush that his adamant opposition to abortion could
 cost him the election.
After all, it is Mr Bush himself who keeps calling 1
992 'this screwy
political year'.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times </PUB>
<P
AGE> London Page 5 </PAGE>
</DOC>

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============= Transaction # 237 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 239 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 241 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 242 ==============================================
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03
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 Japan </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Typhoon Yancy, one of the biggest typhoons likely 
to hit Japan since the
second world war, is expected to hit the southern mai
n island of Kyushu with
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<XX>
C
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<PAGE> International Page 1 
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============= Transaction # 243 ==============================================
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Typhoon Yancy, one of the biggest typhoons likely 
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<XX>
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</DOC>

============= Transaction # 244 ==============================================
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============= Transaction # 258 ==============================================
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zfind "(topic @ {typhoon and hurricane})"

============= Transaction # 259 ==============================================
Transaction #:    259       Transaction Code:  14 (Search Results Displayed)

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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============= Transaction # 260 ==============================================
Transaction #:    260       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-12493</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DGWCHAF7FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>930
723
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  23 JUL 93 / International Company News: Munich Re
 maintains dividend as loss widens </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID WALLER <
/BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   FRANKFURT
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
MUNCHENER Ruckver-sicher
ung (Munich Re), Europe's largest insurance group,
is to pay an unchanged an
nual dividend, in spite of heavier losses from
mainstream reinsurance busine
ss.
The company blamed the increase in losses on Hurricane Andrew, which hit
 the
south-east of the US last summer and mounting car theft.
Munich Re gave
 no figure but the loss is likely to be in the region of DM1bn
(Dollars 588m
) after losses of more than DM900m last year.
The group said income from inv
estments and from general insurance business
more than made up for the renew
ed loss and parent company profits would be
the same level as in the previou
s year.
This, Munich Re said, would enable the payment of a dividend of DM10
 per
share - the fifth year in succession that the Munich-based group has pa
id
this dividend.
It voiced optimism about the future, saying that capacity 
in the world
reinsurance market was beginning to shrink after a number of ye
ars when the
industry was beleaguered by the double burden of excess capacit
y and a row
of natural disasters.
This began with Hurricane Hugo in 1989 fol
lowed by the winter storms in
1990, Typhoon Mireille in 1991 and Hurricane A
ndrew last summer.
Munich Re said that after this period of disastrous condi
tions for the
reinsurance industry there was a chance of a substantial impro
vement in
prices for reinsurance coverage.
There had been a noticeable impro
vement in prices and conditions for
reinsurance and the trend was expected t
o continue throughout the current
year, Munich Re said.
The company warned t
hat at the group level, there would be a small decline
in 1992-93 earnings a
s investment and other income had not fully offset
mainstream underwriting l
osses.
Last year, group net earnings were DM177.6m, nearly 70 per cent up on
 the
previous year.
Group premium income for 1992-93 increased by 11 per cen
t to about DM25bn,
Munich Re said.
Premium income at the parent company rose
 to DM16bn from DM14.6bn in
1991-92.
Total group investments climbed 6 per c
ent to DM76bn by the end of June.
Munich Re will publish the full details of
 1992-93 figures in October.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Munchener Ru
ckversicherungs-Gesellschaft.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>DEZ  Germany,
 EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insu
rance.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>FIN  Annual report.
</TP>
<PUB>The Finan
cial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 24
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 261 ==============================================
Transaction #:    261       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-12299</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EKBD9AC3FT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
102
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  02 NOV 94 / Business and the Environment: Insurer
s in a storm </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By NANCY DUNNE </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
Fifteen
 catastrophic hurricanes, floods and storms cost worldwide insurers
more tha
n Dollars 80bn (Pounds 50bn) since a period of weather extremes set
in five 
years ago, according to an article in the latest World Watch
Institute's jou
rnal.
In 1992, Hurricane Andrew struck Florida and set a new record for dama
ges at
Dollars 25bn. The Mississippi floods in 1993 cost Dollars 12bn. Europ
e was
hit by four severe windstorms in 1990 which accumulated damages of Dol
lars
10bn. Japan was struck in 1991 by Typhoon Mireille with nearly Dollars 
5bn
in damages.
As the damages mount, insurers have begun to take seriously 
the global
warming theory advanced by many scientists. The fear is that the 
warming,
spurred by 'greenhouse gases', produced by fossil fuels, could seri
ously
disrupt the world's atmospheric and oceanic systems.
Lack of agreement
 in the scientific community has made the insurers wary.
But their interest 
is being applauded by environmentalists who see the
insurers as a potential 
counterweight to the power of the oil and coal
interests in the global warmi
ng debate.
Christopher Flavin, author of the World Watch article, is urging 
the
insurers to enter the struggle over climate policy. 'Few industries are

capable of doing battle with the likes of the fossil fuel lobby. But the
ins
urance industry is,' he says. 'On a worldwide basis the two are of
roughly c
omparable size and potential political clout.'
The insurance industry could,
 for example, push government to tighten energy
efficiency rules for new bui
ldings. It could actively lobby for a stronger
global climate pact.
It could
 also use its investment capacity. 'If they (companies) were to dump
some of
 their stocks in oil and coal companies or actively invest some of
their fun
ds in new, less carbon-intensive energy technologies (forming a
sort of clim
ate venture fund), insurance companies could spur the
development of a less 
threatening energy system,' says Flavin.
Unless the industry begins to use i
ts clout in the struggle over climate
policy, its future 'is likely to be st
ormy indeed', said Flavin.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>XAZ  World.
</
CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance.

    P951  Environmental Quality.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comment 
& Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 18
</PA
GE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 262 ==============================================
Transaction #:    262       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT931-7520</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DBXCKACQFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9302
24
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  24 FEB 93 / Business and the Environment: Weather 
wise - Typhoons, hurricanes and the threat of global warming are pushing up 
insurance rates </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD LAPPER and BRONWEN MADDOX
 </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
'WE GET zapped every five minutes,' says Richard Keeling, 
underwriter with
Lloyd's syndicate 362, reviewing the impact of recent hurri
canes, gales and
typhoons on the London insurance market.
Recent storms, eac
h more damaging than the last, culminated in last year's
hurricane Andrew, w
hich devastated parts of Louisiana and Florida and caused
losses estimated t
o be at least Dollars 16bn and perhaps as much as Dollars
20bn (Pounds 14bn)
, the United States's biggest-ever insured loss.
That has triggered tough ba
rgaining in the London insurance market and one
of the hardest 'renewal' sea
sons, as reinsurers seek to impose big rate
increases.
Most significantly, i
n a move that could lead to higher insurance rates for
many years, insurers 
are also beginning to ask whether recent storms are a
sign of global warming
 or other long-term shifts in weather patterns. The
question has led to an u
nlikely convergence with environmental pressure
groups such as Greenpeace, w
hich last month published a long report
welcoming insurers' alertness to the
 risk.
In the recent round of negotiations, brokers buying cover for US clie
nts -
who have avoided heavy increases in recent years - have found the goin
g
toughest.
However, across the board, direct insurers are now paying more f
or their
reinsurance. Keeling says that since October 1987, reinsurance rate
s have
increased by 650 per cent for European insurers, 450 per cent for US 
buyers
and by 1,000 per cent for Japanese companies.
The increases partly re
flect reinsurers' efforts to restore profitability
after heavy losses from w
eather and from other disasters such as the 1988
Piper Alpha oil rig explosi
on and the Exxon Valdez oil spill the following
year.
Both Swiss Re and Muni
ch Re, the world's two biggest reinsurers, have seen
profits dented and have
 been forced to draw deep into their reserves to meet
claims, especially fro
m the European storms of 1990. Many smaller reinsurers
have withdrawn from t
he market. More than a third of Lloyd's Names and
nearly half the syndicates
 have left the market since 1989. As competition
for business has dwindled, 
bigger players have found it easier to force
through rate increases.
Underwr
iters are also now beginning to take a deeper look at the risk of
storm dama
ge. They recognise that denser population in potentially exposed
regions, su
ch as the south-eastern coast of the US, is partly responsible
for the rise 
in losses. 'Windstorm' cover has also become a more common
element of househ
olders' policies over the last two decades in most
countries.
And increasing
ly many are questioning whether the recent increases in land
and sea tempera
tures are leading to greater atmospheric instability and more
frequent and i
ntense winds. Scientists have warned for several years that
gases such as ca
rbon dioxide, emitted from burning fossil fuels, could cause
global warming.

The United Nation's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, set up to
in
vestigate the phenomenon, has suggested the average increase could be
somewh
ere between 1.5'C and 3.5'C over the next 100 years.
However, scientists hav
e emphasised there is still uncertainty about the
processes involved - the m
odels find it hard to take account of clouds,
which could slow down warming.
 They also say it is impossible to conclude
from recent storms and warm summ
ers that climate change is already
happening.
Despite scientific uncertainty
, insurers feel they need to protect
themselves. Walter Kielholz, general ma
nager of Swiss Re, one of the first
insurance companies to question whether 
global warming could be responsible
for worsening weather, agrees that 'the 
statistical data is too short to
conclusively prove that there is a trend'. 
But he adds: 'It might just be a
hiccup but we can't afford to wait for the 
long-term before taking action.'
Research commissioned by Keeling and severa
l other Lloyd's underwriters by
the University of East Anglia's climatology 
department also concludes: 'The
possibility that the trend (of more frequent
 gales in north-western Europe)
is related to global warming cannot be rejec
ted.' Insurers should assume
that 'gale frequencies will remain at the level
 of the 1980s' and could rise
further, the report says.
In Greenpeace's rece
nt study, the pressure group called for insurers to join
the lobby for limit
s on the emission of 'greenhouse gases'. Keeling
acknowledges: 'We have to d
o something constructive but the insurance
industry will never be a lobby. W
e are too diffused.'
Instead, as well as increasing rates insurers have begu
n to toughen the
terms of storm insurance. Kielholz says that since 1990 Swi
ss Re has begun
to isolate the risk of 'windstorm' from other exposures it u
nderwrites.
The group now likes to cover windstorm through an excess of loss
 reinsurance
contract (in which the reinsurer covers a tranche of risk up to
 a pre-set
limit) rather than by covering it alongside other risks as part o
f a
proportional reinsurance deal (in which the reinsurer accepts an agreed

percentage of exposure).
'Reinsurers have become more and more reluctant to 
include windstorm in
proportional property treaties,' says Kielholz.
Reinsur
ers are also urging direct insurers to make policyholders pay the
first port
ion of any loss themselves, as an incentive to protect their
property agains
t storms. Householders would then be more likely to carry out
essential main
tenance and commercial customers to follow building codes more
strictly, the
y argue. During Hurricane Andrew many new buildings, especially
those with s
teel frames and metal casings, proved to be particularly
vulnerable to wind 
damage, according to Swiss Re.
Higher rates and tougher terms are the insura
nce industry's perhaps
unsurprising response to recent storms and the potent
ial threat of global
warming.
The environmental movement has shown itself re
luctant to acknowledge
scientific doubts about climate change, while climato
logists - who might
stress that uncertainty - have few reasons to get involv
ed in debates on
insurance charges. Customers may have to hope the new highe
r rates help
preserve some of the financially weaker groups, and so preserve
 competition
in the industry.
 ---------------------------------------------
--------------------
                   THE COST OF RECENT STORMS
 ---------
--------------------------------------------------------
Aug 1992    US     
            Cyclone Iniki      Dollars  1.4bn
Aug 1992    US                
 Hurricane Andrew   Dollars 20.0bn
Sep 1991    Japan              Typhoon Mi
reille   Dollars  4.8bn
Jul 1990    US                 Colorado storms    Do
llars  1.0bn
Feb 1990    NW Europe          Windstorm Wibke    Dollars  1.3b
n
Feb 1990    NW Europe          Windstorm Vivian   Dollars  3.2bn
Feb 1990 
   NW Europe          Windstorm Herta    Dollars  1.3bn
Jan 1990    NW Europ
e          Windstorm Daria    Dollars  4.6bn
Sep 1989    US                 
Hurricane Hugo     Dollars  5.8bn
Oct 1987    NW Europe          Un-named wi
ndstorm Dollars  2.5bn
 ----------------------------------------------------
-------------
Source: Greenpeace
 ------------------------------------------
-----------------------
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>GBZ  United Kingd
om, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty I
nsurance.
    P6411 Insurance Agents, Brokers, and Service.
</IN>
<XX>
Types
:-
</XX>
<TP>RES  Natural resources.
    COSTS  Costs & Prices.
    MKTS  Ma
rket data.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 14
</PAG
E>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 263 ==============================================
Transaction #:    263       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

Usr Interface:   Prob          Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

  Rec. Format: Review      Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

Selec. Rec. #:      4

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT924-8833</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CKIBWADMFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9211
09
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  09 NOV 92 / UK Company News: Investment income beh
ind profits rise at Munich Re </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By DAVID WALLER </BYLI
NE>
<DATELINE>
   FRANKFURT
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
LOSSES in mainstream reinsura
nce business improved only slightly from the
very high levels of last year, 
Munich Re reported, although income from
capital investments enabled the gro
up to improve overall profits
substantially in the year ended June 1992.
At 
the parent company - which accounts for some 80 per cent of group
business -
 the reinsurance loss was DM922.5m (Dollars 578.7m), down from
DM962.3m in 1
990-1991. Mr Horst Jannott, chief executive, blamed the scale
of these losse
s chiefly on large claims in the European fire insurance
sector, as well on 
natural disasters such as Typhoon Mireille which caused
Dollars 5.2bn damage
 to Japan in September 1991.
In the parent company, income from capital inve
stments rose to DM1.98bn from
DM1.69bn in the previous year. This helped ens
ure that profits for the group
as a whole rose to DM177.6m in 1991-1992 comp
ared with DM104.9m. Group
premium income rose by 11.3 per cent to DM15.8bn a
nd the dividend for this
year would once again be DM10 per share, Mr Jannott
 said.
He said that the group would once again report reinsurance losses in 
the
current year, partly because of Hurricane Andrew which hit the US at the
 end
of August, but also because of industrial fire risks and the sharply
in
creased number of car thefts in Germany. But this would be compensated for
b
y investment income and it was likely that the dividend for 1992-1993 would

also be DM10 a share.
The impetus for turnover growth last year came from ex
pansion into the
eastern part of Germany, with the result that parent compan
y domestic fee
income rose by 12.6 per cent.
Mr Jannott warned that this yea
r's fee income figures would be hit by the
translation effects of a higher D
-Mark.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 17
</PAGE>

</DOC>

============= Transaction # 264 ==============================================
Transaction #:    264       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

Usr Interface:   Prob          Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-5307</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DIFB9AEJFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9309
03
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  03 SEP 93 / World News in Brief: Typhoon threatens
 Japan </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Typhoon Yancy, one of the biggest typhoons likely 
to hit Japan since the
second world war, is expected to hit the southern mai
n island of Kyushu with
winds of 112 mph around midday today.
</TEXT>
<XX>
C
ountries:-
</XX>
<CN>JPZ  Japan, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P92
29 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>RES  Natural r
esources.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
International Page 1

</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 265 ==============================================
Transaction #:    265       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-9529</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EKOENAFFFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9411
15
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  15 NOV 94 / International Company News: A listing 
in the time of calamity - Hanover Re has a lot riding on its partial float <
/HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By ANDREW FISHER </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
The first stock mar
ket listing of a German reinsurance company for 33 years
 -that of Hanover R
e, to raise DM530m (Dollars 353m) - comes at a time of
more frequent natural
 disasters, higher premiums and a more selective
approach in the industry to
 new business.
The issue is also one of the first with shares in nominal DM5
 units instead
of the usual DM50. These are now allowed under regulations ai
med at
encouraging private investors to buy more shares. Next to Switzerland
,
shares in Germany are the most expensive in Europe.
With its sister compan
y, Eisen und Stahl Ruckversicherung, Hanover Re is
Germany's second largest 
and the world's fifth largest reinsurance concern.
The new issue, in which 2
5 per cent of the capital is being sold, is the
seventh largest in Germany s
ince 1983.
Hanover Re and the issuing consortium, headed by Commerzbank, hop
e to
convince German and foreign investors that the company's policy of forg
oing
growth in premium income in high-risk areas and concentrating on
profit
ability will continue to pay off.
In deference to some analysts who thought 
the issue price might be too high
for many investors, especially foreigners,
 the voting shares are offered at
DM75 each for subscription from November 1
8 to 22. Some initial estimates
were nearer DM90.
Mr Erich Coenen, a Commerz
bank director, said yesterday the issue price was
attractive, both 'opticall
y' compared with the high price of other
reinsurance groups - Munich Re stoo
d at DM2,750 - and 'analytically': the
price-earnings ratio of 15.8 based on
 expected 1995 earnings is well under
the German sector average.
With Eisen 
und Stahl, which is more domestically-oriented than Hanover Re,
gross premiu
m income last year was DM5.3bn, a rise of 30 per cent. The
underwriting loss
 fell to DM122m from DM263m and net profits shot up by
nearly 200 per cent t
o DM125m. Group investments totalled DM10.3bn.
Mr Michael Reischel, Hanover 
Re's chief executive, does not expect growth to
be as spectacular this year 
or next.
'We have grown enormously over the past three years,' he said. But 
the group
had resisted the temptation to expand liability levels - risks are
 simply
too high in certain areas. 'So we expect lower growth over the next 
few
years. We are cutting back where necessary,' says Mr Reischel.
The messa
ge is the same as that last week from Munich Re, the world's
biggest reinsur
ance concern. Because disasters such as earthquakes, floods
and typhoons hav
e become more frequent, premiums have escalated. 'Assets are
more highly con
centrated,' said Mr Reischel. 'Fifteen years ago, Hurricane
Andrew in Florid
a would have caused a lot less damage.'
The hurricane was the largest disast
er, in terms of insured damage, to have
hit the industry. January's earthqua
ke near Los Angeles was the second
worst.
As an example of risk areas where 
premiums have tended to rise steeply, Mr
Reischel cites Japan where Typhoon 
Mireille caused heavy damage in 1991.
'The trend for natural disasters seems
 to be on the rise,' says Mr Reischel.
More damage and more insurance payout
s are definitely to be expected.
Because the industry spreads its exposure i
nternationally, this trend
affects premiums in all sectors, not just those w
here the risk is severest.
'Insurance customers, whether private or corporat
e, have to pay more if they
want cover,' says Mr Reischel. 'The reinsurance 
industry can't create money
by magic.'
In the five years to 1993, premiums p
aid for worldwide catastrophe risks
totalled nearly Dollars 20bn, says Mr He
rbert Haas, a director of Hanover
Re. Damage payouts totalled just over Doll
ars 18bn, but brokerage, interest
and other costs pushed this up to Dollars 
25bn, leaving the industry with an
overall deficit.
Thus, many reinsurers an
d primary insurance companies have pulled out or
been forced out of the rein
surance business. Mr Reischel puts the figure at
more than 100 since 1990. N
ew reinsurance capacity is available from
Bermuda, but Mr Reischel sees this
 as positive - 'since new investors are
only looking for returns, they will 
hopefully prevent a rates war'.
Because it was founded as recently as 1966, 
he says Hanover Re has been
spared some of the worst calamities, such as cla
ims on asbestos or pollution
liability. It has also kept out of the over-cro
wded London and Singapore
reinsurance markets. However, it is raising its pr
esence in Asia and
Australia, where growth is high.
The company has no acqui
sitions in mind after buying NRG Victory Australia
Life Reinsurance last yea
r.
Hanover Re will use its DM230m share of the issue proceeds to lift its 4 
per
cent stake in Eisen und Stahl, with which it does business on a group ba
sis,
to a 53.9 per cent majority holding. The remainder will go to its paren
t,
Haftpflichtverband der Deutschen Industrie (HDI), a mutually-owned insure
r.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Hanover Reinsurance.
</CO>
<XX>
Countr
ies:-
</XX>
<CN>DEZ  Germany, EC.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P6331 Fi
re, Marine, and Casualty Insurance.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>CMMT  Comme
nt & Analysis.
    FIN  Share issues.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>

<PAGE>
London Page 28
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 266 ==============================================
Transaction #:    266       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT944-17187</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-EJJD1ACJFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>941
010
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  10 OCT 94 / Business Travel (Update): Typhoon hit
s Taiwan </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Typhoon Seth, with winds of 107mph, struck Taiwa
n yesterday, leaving one
person dead. Four domestic airports in eastern Taiw
an were closed but
international airports stayed open.
A highway in eastern 
Taiwan was closed following landslides. Officials were
considering whether t
o cancel today's National Day celebrations.
Seth is the sixth typhoon to hit
 Taiwan since early July. Storms have killed
30 people and caused extensive 
damage.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>TWZ  Taiwan, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Ind
ustries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9511 Air, Water, and Solid Waste Management.
</IN>
<XX>

Types:-
</XX>
<TP>NEWS  General News.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>

<PAGE>
London Page 14
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 267 ==============================================
Transaction #:    267       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT934-11742</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DJ2DCAFJFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>931
029
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  29 OCT 93 / International Company News: US insure
rs lifted by absence of catastrophes </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD WATE
RS </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   NEW YORK
</DATELINE>
<TEXT>
US property/casualty 
insurers continued to benefit from the absence of big
catastrophe losses thi
s year, helping both American International Group and
USF&G report stronger 
earnings for the third quarter.
However, the absence of devastating claims, 
such as those a year ago
stemming from hurricane Andrew in the US, has promp
ted fears in some
quarters that catastrophe insurance premiums are set to fa
ll again next
year.
Catastrophe losses at AIG amounted to Dollars 47.3m, com
pared with Dollars
153.3m a year before. The turnround helped the insurer to
 report
third-quarter net income of Dollars 451.1m or 1.42 a share, compared
 with
Dollars 338.9m or Dollars 1.06 a year ago.
USF&G, in figures released 
on Tuesday, said property/casualty operating
profits had improved by Dollars
 93m over a year before, with the 1992 figure
depressed by losses from hurri
cane Andrew. The insurer said net income had
risen to Dollars 20m in the lat
est period, from Dollars 5m.
Mr Maurice Greenberg, AIG's chairman, said cata
strophe losses during the
third quarter stemmed mainly from flooding in the 
Midwest, the earthquake in
Guam and typhoons in Japan.
AIG has taken steps t
o 'reduce catastrophe exposures throughout our business
and further tighten 
our underwriting standards,' he said.
Higher reinsurance premiums for catast
rophe business have attracted about
Dollars 4bn of new capital into Bermuda-
based companies this year.
However, Mr Greenberg said: 'Even with this addit
ional capacity, prices for
catastrophe reinsurance should remain stable.' He
 said that one year's
claims experience would not be enough on its own to dr
ive down premiums.
However, other industry executives say the improved perfo
rmance will make it
difficult for insurers to maintain catastrophe insurance
 premiums at current
levels when negotiating rates for next year.
The insure
rs' results were bolstered by rising premiums in general
property/casualty b
usiness. Mr Greenberg said premiums had firmed in many of
AIG's overseas mar
kets, and rates in property and specialty casualty classes
had improved in t
he US.
Mr Norman Blake, chairman and chief executive of USF&G, said the impr
oved
underwriting environment had helped to lift profitability, 'despite the

industry-wide impact of lowered investment income due to interest rate
redu
ctions and higher reinsurance costs'.
Pre-tax capital gains at AIG in the th
ird quarter were Dollars 25.4m,
compared with Dollars 26.8m a year before.
L
eaving aside capital gains and catastrophe losses, pre-tax income rose by
13
.7 per cent compared with a year earlier, the company said. Gross revenues
c
limbed by 10 per cent to Dollars 5.12bn, as general insurance premiums rose

by 10 per cent and life insurance premiums were up 18 per cent.
AIG took a f
urther Dollars 90m charge to cover an expected loss on
investments at AIG Fi
nancial Products, its derivatives unit.
This follows a Dollars 120m charge i
n the previous quarter.
The company, which has been one of the most ambitiou
s and successful
derivatives businesses outside the banking industry, was ro
cked by the
departure of its founder, Mr Howard Sosin, earlier this year, al
ong with
other senior managers.
Mr Greenberg said that most of the unit's co
re management group remained,
and that the business was 'going forward stron
gly'.
Pre-tax operating income in AIG's financial services businesses fell t
o
Dollars 98.7m, from Dollars 99.6m.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Companies:-
</XX>
<CO>Amer
ican International Group Inc.
    USF and G.
</CO>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<C
N>USZ  United States of America.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P6311 Lif
e Insurance.
    P6331 Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance.
</IN>
<XX>
Type
s:-
</XX>
<TP>FIN  Interim results.
    CMMT  Comment & Analysis.
</TP>
<PUB
>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 24
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 268 ==============================================
Transaction #:    268       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT923-5267</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CIDBKACDFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9209
02
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  02 SEP 92 / Hurricane insurers expect record claim
s </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By NIKKI TAIT </BYLINE>
<DATELINE>
   NEW YORK
</D
ATELINE>
<TEXT>
US INSURERS expect to pay out an estimated Dollars 7.3bn (Po
unds 3.7bn) in
Florida as a result of Hurricane Andrew - by far the costlies
t disaster the
industry has ever faced.
The figure is the first official tal
ly of the damage resulting from the
hurricane, which ripped through southern
 Florida last week. In the battered
region it is estimated that 275,000 peop
le still have no electricity and at
least 150,000 are either homeless or are
 living amid ruins.
President George Bush yesterday made his second visit to
 the region since
the hurricane hit. He pledged the government would see thr
ough the clean-up
'until the job is done'.
Although there had already been s
ome preliminary guesses at the level of
insurance claims, yesterday's figure
 comes from the Property Claims Services
division of the American Insurance 
Services Group, the property-casualty
insurers' trade association. It follow
s an extensive survey of the area by
the big insurance companies.
Mr Gary Ke
rney, director of catastrophe services at the PCS, said the
industry was exp
ecting about 685,000 claims in Florida alone. It is reckoned
the bulk of the
 damage - over Dollars 6bn in insured claims - is in Dade
County, a rural re
gion to the south of Miami.
However, the final cost of Hurricane Andrew will
 be higher still.
Yesterday's estimate does not include any projection for c
laims in
Louisiana, which was also affected by the storm, although less seve
rely than
Florida. An estimate of the insured losses in this second state wi
ll be
released later this week.
But on the Florida losses alone, Hurricane A
ndrew becomes the most costly
insured catastrophe in the US. Hurricane Hugo,
 which hit the east coast in
September 1989, cost the insurance industry abo
ut Dollars 4.2bn. The Oakland
fire disaster, in California last year, cost D
ollars 1.2bn.
By contrast, insurance claims resulting from the Los Angeles r
iots earlier
this year - the most expensive civil disturbance in the US - to
talled just
Dollars 775m.
Hurricane Andrew leaves the US property-casualty i
nsurers facing their
worst-ever year for catastrophe losses. The LA riots an
d a series of
tornadoes, wind and hailstorms in states such as Kansas, Oklah
oma and Iowa
had already produced insured losses of Dollars 3.9bn. With Flor
ida's
Hurricane Andrew losses added in, the total rises to Dollars 11.2bn.
T
his easily exceeds the record Dollars 7.6bn of catastrophe losses seen in
19
89, when the industry paid out on both Hurricane Hugo and the Loma Prieta
ea
rthquake in California.
Wall Street, however, has reacted calmly to the reco
rd losses expected, and
insurers' shares - although lower initially - have b
een firming recently.
The property-casualty industry is thought to have adeq
uate reserves to cover
the disaster.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>

<PAGE>
London Page 14
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 269 ==============================================
Transaction #:    269       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-6136</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DH4CVABAFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9308
31
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  31 AUG 93 / Hurricane alarm </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>  
  By AGENCIES </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
About 150,000 people left islands off North C
arolina as Hurricane Emily
swept in from the Atlantic towards the US east co
ast yesterday, agencies
report. The National Hurricane Centre in Florida iss
ued a hurricane watch
for the coast from mid-South Carolina to the Delaware 
border.
</TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>USZ  United States of America.
</
CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
</XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<X
X>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>RES  Natural resources.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times

</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 4
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 270 ==============================================
Transaction #:    270       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT921-10549</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-CBEBPAFQFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>920
205
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  05 FEB 92 / UK Company News: Tougher times for co
mposites - Rising reinsurance rates </HEADLINE>
<BYLINE>    By RICHARD LAPPE
R </BYLINE>
<TEXT>
ALREADY enfeebled by their losses from recession and weat
her-related claims
over the past two years, UK composite insurers are facing
 tough increases in
their reinsurance costs and a reduction in cover in some
 instances.
With negotiations still proceeding in some cases, insurers are r
eluctant to
give details, but five of the country's leading insurers - Gener
al Accident,
Sun Alliance, Commercial Union, Guardian Royal Exchange and Roy
al Insurance
 -face increases of at least 25 per cent. Underpinning these de
velopments
are two related trends.
UK insurers are presenting their reinsure
rs with serious losses. In 1990
four of the five recorded pre-tax losses for
 the first time for at least a
generation. That result was heavily influence
d by the Pounds 4bn cost of the
storm losses of January and February 1990 an
d reinsurers responded by
pushing up rates by multiples of three and four ti
mes.
Reinsurers, such as Germany's Munich Re and Switzerland's Swiss Re, are

themselves facing much tighter conditions in the retrocession market, where

they buy their own reinsurance protections. Between 1987 and 1990 reinsurer
s
in the retrocession market, much of which is concentrated at Lloyd's of
Lo
ndon, were hit by a string of catastrophe losses - ranging from the Piper
Al
pha oil rig explosion in the North Sea in 1988, to hurricane Hugo in 1989
an
d the January storms in 1990.
Total losses amounted to more than Pounds 18bn
 and the impact has forced
many players out of business with those remaining
 pushing through
significant increases in rates. And although 1991 was relat
ively free of
major catastrophe losses, reinsurers were hit by a number of m
edium-sized
losses in the last three months of the year. Together losses fro
m Typhoon 19
in Japan, a forest fire in Oakland, California, a hailstorm in 
Calgary and
hurricane Bob in North America led to claims in excess of Dollar
s 3bn
(Pounds 1.6bn).
Reinsurers have, therefore, been squeezed and although
 UK insurers had hoped
to escape further increases this year they have found
 their reinsurers in a
surprisingly tough mood over the past three months.
A
s a result negotiations have been long drawn out. Many contracts which are
n
ormally completed a number of weeks before Christmas have only been
complete
d in the past few days. One large mutual office is understood to
have comple
ted its programme last week.
'This has been the most horrendous renewal seas
on that most individuals on
the market can remember,' comments one London br
oker. 'European reinsurers
were unhappy with the extent of increases they we
re able to obtain last year
and since the summer of last year have been co-o
rdinating efforts to obtain
much higher rates', says another broker.
Reinsur
ers have been forcing through tough new terms for the proportional
treaties 
- in which they assume a fixed percentage of an insurer's
liabilities for a 
fixed percentage of the original premium.
The rate of commission which reins
urers pay for this business has been cut
drastically. Reinsurers who paid be
tween 25 per cent and 27 per cent at the
beginning of 1991 have paid as litt
le as 7.5 per cent this year.
In one case reinsurers have insisted on the in
troduction of 'loss
participation clauses,' arrangements whereby insurers re
fund the original
reinsurance commission if the business they cede eventuall
y generates
losses.
Not surprisingly, many insurers have refused to buy prop
ortional covers on
these terms and have been forced to rely exclusively on n
on-proportional
covers, in which the reinsurer agrees to pay all losses abov
e an annual
aggregate level.
Here, too, though prices have been increased an
d terms have been tightened.
Last year four of the UK's five composite insur
ers paid between Pounds 25m
and Pounds 30m for policies covering them from a
ggregate losses of up about
Pounds 250m.
Reinsurers are known to have succes
sfully achieved rate increases of at
least 25 per cent - following rises of 
up to 400 per cent last year.
Last year the UK's leading five insurers paid 
over Pounds 125m for their
non-proportional reinsurance.
And in at least one
 case a trigger point of about Pounds 50m has been set,
with the implication
 that insurers carry a much higher proportion of their
losses on their own b
ooks.
This shift has also had implications for the cash flow of insurers.
Wh
ile payments for proportional reinsurance are made on a quarterly basis,
ins
urers pay up front for their non-proportional protections.
</TEXT>
<PUB>The 
Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Page 22 Photograph Lloyd's of London, h
it by catastrophe claims
(Omitted).
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 271 ==============================================
Transaction #:    271       Transaction Code:  22 (Record(s) Saved)        

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
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Selec. Rec. #:     12

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<DOC>
<DOCNO>FT933-6566</DOCNO>
<PROFILE>_AN-DH0CBAAKFT</PROFILE>
<DATE>9308
27
</DATE>
<HEADLINE> FT  27 AUG 93 / World News in Brief: Japan faces typho
on </HEADLINE>
<TEXT>
Heavy rain and strong winds swept eastern Japan as Typ
hoon Vernon moved in
from the Pacific with winds forecast to reach 79mph.
</
TEXT>
<XX>
Countries:-
</XX>
<CN>JPZ  Japan, Asia.
</CN>
<XX>
Industries:-
<
/XX>
<IN>P9229 Public Order and Safety, NEC.
</IN>
<XX>
Types:-
</XX>
<TP>RE
S  Natural resources.
</TP>
<PUB>The Financial Times
</PUB>
<PAGE>
London Pa
ge 1
</PAGE>
</DOC>

============= Transaction # 272 ==============================================
Transaction #:    272       Transaction Code:  15 (Terms Cleared)          

  Terminal ID: 12781888       Z39.50 Server ID:  19 (TREC)                   
   Session ID:      1   New Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        
                        Old Z39.50 Server ID:   0 (Astro/Math/Stat)        

Usr Interface:   Prob          Time Cmd Sent: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

  Rec. Format: Review      Time Cmd Complete: Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969

Selec. Rec. #:      0

Boolean Indexes Used:

   0 Author         0 Date       0 Rectype    0 X_Corp Author    0 Call #
   0 Title          0 Language   0 X_Author   0 Uniform Title
   0 Subject        0 ISBN       0 X_Title    0 X_Subject
   0 Organization   0 LCCN       0 Topic      0 Host Item
   0 Series         0 ISSN       0 Keyword    0 Conf

Boolean Conjunctions:

   Button 1: or    Button 2: OR    Button 3: or 
      Used?: No       Used?: No       Used?: No 

   # Keywords:      0   Error Code:      0
       # Hits:      0    Help Code:      0
  # Displayed:      0      Help ID:      0

Associated Variable Length Text: