Preface
This year, the Office of Justice Programs (OJP) Program Plan has a brand new format, one we
hope will prove more informative and easier to use for our constituents.  But this year's OJP
Program Plan is much more than just a new design.  Our issue-oriented format reflects OJP's
integrated approach to program planning, development, and implementation.  The program
planning process has been a learning experience for OJP and its bureaus and offices.  As a first
step, for the past few years, OJP published a combined Program Plan incorporating information
from all OJP components into one document.  Although that was a significant move toward
making information more accessible to the field, we recognized the critical need to take further
steps to carry through on the Attorney General's vision for broader integration of our planning
and programming efforts.
At OJP, our goals continue to be to ensure that we can respond quickly, across the bureaus and
offices, to newly emerging issues; to institute the vision and priorities of the Attorney General, the
President, and the Congress; to make certain there is real coordination within OJP; and--most
fundamentally--to ensure that OJP is advancing a comprehensive and coherent program, across all
of its components, to address public safety and criminal and juvenile justice needs in this country.
While funding streams dictate in large part how our programs will be shaped, we are attempting
to focus OJP resources on programming that can make a positive difference in communities
throughout the nation.  For Fiscal Year 1999, OJP built on the integrated planning process
developed in preparing our FY 1999 budget request, and began planning programs based more
along thematic lines than organizational breakdowns.  We pulled together representatives from all
the OJP components that could impact each of the 12 issue areas addressed in this document and
asked them to think collectively--and strategically--about where OJP should be investing taxpayer
dollars, to identify the knowledge gaps that need to be filled, what resources or other information
are needed to fill these gaps,  in what direction we should be heading in addressing each of these
critical issues, and how OJP support can have the greatest "bang for the buck."
I hope our state and local customers will find this Program Plan to be more than just a tool for
identifying grant funding.  The Program Plan can also, I believe, help serve as a catalyst for
helping state and local planners and policy makers think more strategically about crime problems
in their jurisdictions, and determine what are the most effective approaches to address their
jurisdiction's individual problems, what existing resources can be tapped, what additional
resources are needed, and, most importantly, how all the various "pieces" can be brought together
to impact a problem.
As we conclude the last year in this century, I look forward to working with our partners at the
state and local levels to help communities enhance justice services and operations, address crime
problems, and ensure the public safety.    I invite you to let me know your ideas on how OJP can
best support your efforts--and what you think about the newly designed Program Plan and how
OJP can make this document more useful for the field.  You can write to me at the address listed
on page 218 or send me an E-mail at askojp@ojp.udoj.gov.
                         Laurie Robinson
                         Assistant Attorney General
                         Office of Justice Programs
Table of Contents
     Chapter 1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
     Chapter 2
Empowering Communities to Address Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . .6
     Chapter 3
Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse
& Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     Chapter 4
Combating Family Violence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
     Chapter 5
Addressing Youth Crime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
     Chapter 6
Managing Offenders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
     Chapter 7
Protecting & Supporting Victims of Crime . . . . . . . . . . ..97
     Chapter 8
Enhancing Technology's Use
in Addressing Crime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .117
     Chapter 9
Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives. . . . . . . . . . . . .136
     Chapter 10
Countering Terrorism
& Ensuring Domestic Preparedness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .149
     Chapter 11
Addressing Crime and Justice for
American Indians & Alaska Natives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156
     Chapter 12
Supporting Innovation in Adjudication. . . . . . . . . . . . .171
     Chapter 13
Supporting State & Local Efforts
Through Technical Assistance & Training. . . . . . . . . . . .188
     Chapter 14
For More Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
Chapter 1
Introduction
The Office of Justice Programs (OJP) was created in 1984 to provide federal leadership in
developing the nation's capacity to prevent and control crime, administer justice, and assist crime
victims.  OJP carries out this mission by forming partnerships with other federal, state, and local
agencies and national and community-based organizations to develop, operate, and evaluate a
wide range of criminal and juvenile justice programs.  OJP is dedicated to comprehensive
approaches that empower communities to address crime, break the cycle of substance abuse and
crime, combat family violence, address youth crime, hold offenders accountable, protect and
support crime victims, enhance law enforcement initiatives, respond to terrorism, and support
advancements in adjudication.  OJP also works to reduce crime in Indian country, enhance
technology's within the criminal and juvenile justice systems, and support state and local efforts
through technical assistance and training.
How to Use This Document
This Program Plan describes the major research, statistical, demonstration, training, technical
assistance, and capacity-building programs OJP plans to support in Fiscal Year 1999.  FY 1999
began October 1, 1998 and runs through September 30, 1999.  OJP's overall FY 1999 budget
totals approximately $3.9 billion.  The majority of these funds are awarded to states under OJP's
formula grant programs.  Of the remaining discretionary grant funds, a large portion is earmarked
by the Congress for specific programs.  These earmarks are noted in each chapter.
For the first time, programs in the FY 1999 OJP Program Plan are organized by topic or issue
areas, rather than by bureau or office.  Programs that overlap issue areas are referenced in each
appropriate chapter.  However, prospective applicants are encouraged to review the entire
program plan and to think about how the programs or other assistance offered can assist their
community in developing or enhancing a comprehensive crime control strategy.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) programs described in this
Program Plan are those OJJDP proposes to fund in FY 1999.  By statute, OJJDP must publish a
Proposed Comprehensive Plan in the Federal Register, allow for a period of public comment,
and, based on comments received, publish a Final Comprehensive Plan.
Application kits and individual program announcements will be forthcoming throughout the fiscal
year, and will be published on OJP's Internet Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov.  To be added to the
mailing list for these documents as they become available, call the appropriate OJP clearinghouse
listed in Chapter 14, For More Information.   Chapter 14 also lists sources of additional
information on OJP grant programs or other assistance.  For answers to questions about OJP
funding programs, call the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at
1-800/421-6770 or 202/307-1480 to speak to an information specialist.
OJP's Organization
OJP is comprised of five bureaus, six program offices, and a number of administrative offices.
The five OJP bureaus are:
   The Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) provides funding, training, and technical assistance
  to state and local governments to combat violent and drug-related crime and to help improve
  the criminal justice system.  Its programs include the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local
  Law Enforcement Assistance formula and discretionary grant programs and the Local Law
  Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program.  BJA also administers the Bulletproof Vest
  Partnership Program, the State Criminal Alien Assistance Program, and the State
  Identification Systems Formula Grant Program.
   The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) collects and analyzes statistical data on crime,
  criminal offenders, crime victims, and the operations of justice systems at all levels of
  government.  It also provides financial and technical support to state statistical agencies and
  administers special programs that aid state and local governments in improving their criminal
  history records and information systems.
   The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) supports research and development programs,
  conducts demonstrations of innovative approaches to improve criminal justice, develops new
  criminal justice technologies, and evaluates the effectiveness of OJP-supported and other
  justice programs.  NIJ also provides major support for the National Criminal Justice Reference
  Service (NCJRS), a clearinghouse of information on justice issues.
   The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides grants and
  contracts to states to help them improve their juvenile justice systems and sponsors innovative
  research, demonstration, evaluation, statistics, replication, technical assistance, and training
  programs to help improve the nation's understanding of and response to juvenile violence and
  delinquency.
   The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) administers victim compensation and assistance
  grant programs created by the Victims of Crime Act of 1984 (VOCA).  OVC also provides
  funding, training, and technical assistance to victim service organizations, criminal justice
  agencies, and other professionals to improve the nation's response to crime victims.  OVC's
  programs are funded through the Crime Victims Fund, which is derived from fines and
  penalties collected from federal criminal offenders, not taxpayers.
OJP's six program offices are:
   The Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) coordinates the Department of Justice's
  legislative and other initiatives relating to violence against women and administers grant
  programs to help prevent, detect, and stop violence against women, including domestic
  violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
   The Corrections Program Office (CPO) provides financial and technical assistance to state
  and local governments to implement corrections-related programs, including correctional
  facility construction and corrections-based drug treatment programs.
   The Drug Courts Program Office (DCPO) supports the development, implementation, and
  improvement of drug courts through grants to local or state governments, courts, and tribal
  governments, as well as through technical assistance and training.
   The Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS) helps communities build stronger, safer
  neighborhoods by implementing the Weed and Seed strategy, a community-based, multi-
  disciplinary approach to combating crime.  Weed and Seed involves both law enforcement and
  community-building activities, including economic development and support services.
   The Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS) is responsible
  for enhancing the capacity and capability of state and local jurisdictions to prepare for and
  respond to incidents of domestic terrorism involving chemical and biological agents,
  radiological and explosive devices, and other weapons of mass destruction (WMD).  It awards
  grants for equipment and provides training and technical assistance for state and local first
  responders.
   The Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education (OPCLEE), which in
  November 1998 transferred to OJP from the Justice Department's Office of Community
  Oriented Policing Services (COPS), provides college educational assistance
  to students who commit to public service in law enforcement, and scholarships--with no
  service commitment--for dependents of law enforcement officers who died in the line of duty.
Formula Versus Discretionary Grant Programs
OJP awards grants and contracts or enters into cooperative agreements to implement programs,
provide technical assistance and training, conduct research and evaluations, and collect and
analyze data.  Grants are awarded in two forms:  formula (or block grants) and discretionary
grants.  Formula grants are awarded to states or units of local government, which, in turn, decide
how funds are distributed to state, local, and nonprofit organizations.  Formulas vary among
programs and consider such factors as population, juvenile population, crime rate, etc.
Discretionary funds are awarded directly by OJP bureaus and offices to state and local agencies
and private organizations.  This Program Plan primarily describes the discretionary grant
programs OJP will support in FY 1999.  The following  briefly describes OJP's formula grant
programs:
   BJA's Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance formula
  grant program provides funds to assist states and units of local government in controlling and
  preventing drug abuse, crime, and violence, and in improving the functioning of the criminal
  justice system.  Byrne funds are awarded for projects addressing 26 purpose areas, including
  law enforcement, adjudication, community crime prevention, and development of criminal
  justice information systems.  Each chapter in this Program Plan notes the related Byrne
  purpose areas for which formula funds may be used.
   The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program, which is also administered
  by BJA, awards block grants to units of local government to reduce crime and enhance public
  safety.  Grants must be used for one or more of certain purposes, including hiring law
  enforcement personnel, purchasing law enforcement equipment, enhancing school security,
  establishing or operating drug courts, adjudicating violent offenders, multijurisdictional task
  forces, and crime prevention programs.
   BJA's State Identification Systems (SIS) Grants program gives states resources to develop
  or improve their computerized identification systems and integrate those systems with the
  FBI's national identification databases.  SIS grants can be used to:  1) create computerized
  identification systems that are compatible and integrated with databases of the FBI's National
  Crime Information Center; 2) improve forensic laboratories' ability to analyze DNA in ways
  that are compatible and integrated with the FBI's Combined DNA Identification System; or 3)
  develop automated fingerprint systems that are compatible and integrated with the FBI's
  Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System.
   OJJDP's Formula Grants Program, Title V Incentive Grants for Local Delinquency
  Prevention Programs, and Part E State Challenge Grants programs support state and
  local efforts to improve the juvenile justice system and prevent delinquency.
   Another OJJDP program, the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant (JAIBG),
  supports state and local efforts to address juvenile crime by encouraging reforms that hold all
  offenders accountable for their crimes.  Funds may be used for any of 11 purposes, including
  building juvenile detention facilities, hiring juvenile justice personnel, juvenile drug and gun
  courts, and accountability-based programs for juvenile offenders.  Congress has specified
  minimum amounts for certain purposes.
   The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners (RSAT) program,
  administered by CPO, funds programs that provide individual and group substance abuse
  treatment activities for offenders in residential facilities operated by state and local
  correctional agencies.
   The Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth in Sentencing grant programs, also
  administered by CPO, help states build or expand correctional facilities for adult or juvenile
  offenders.  The Violent Offender Incarceration grant program is administered on a three-tiered
  formula basis, while Truth in Sentencing awards are distributed as an incentive to states to
  enact sentencing reforms to ensure that violent offenders serve at least 85 percent of their
  sentences.
   VAWO's STOP Violence Against Women formula grants program supports improvements
  in the abilities of law enforcement to respond to violence against women, development of
  more effective strategies and programs to prevent violent crimes against women, and
  improvements in data collection and tracking systems.  By law, at least a quarter of STOP
  funds must be dedicated each to enhancing direct services for crime victims, for law
  enforcement, and for prosecution.
   The VOCA Victim Compensation Formula Grants, administered by OVC, are awarded to
  states and territories to alleviate the economic impact of crime on victims. Awards are based
  on 40 percent of state payouts during the previous federal fiscal year.  In general, these grants
  reimburse victims of violent crimes and their service providers for medical, mental health,
  funeral, and other crime-related expenses, and provide for loss of support and lost wages.
   The VOCA Victim Assistance Formula Grants, also administered by OVC, are awarded to
  states and territories to support direct services to crime victims.  Awards are prorated based
  on population.  The majority of the funds are subgranted to community-based programs,
  including rape crisis centers, battered women's shelters, children's advocacy centers, and
  victim service units within law enforcement agencies.  A minimum of 10 percent of funds must
  be spent on each of four populations: domestic violence, sexual assault, child abuse, and
  underserved crime victims.
More detailed information about any of these programs, or a referral to the appropriate contact in
the administering state office,  is available by calling the Department of Justice Response Center at
1-800/421-6770 or by visiting the OJP Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov.
Chapter 2
Empowering Communities to Address Crime
Overview
Throughout the country, communities are engaged in the process of building and rebuilding
neighborhoods.  At the heart of this work is a commitment to help nurture families capable of
providing the skills, knowledge, care, values, and resources necessary to ensure that children
become productive, financially self-sufficient, and law-abiding citizens.  OJP recognizes the direct
impact the health or quality of housing, education, employment, and health care resources
available to families and communities--and a community's collective attention to these and related
issues--have on reducing crime, preventing violence, and promoting public safety.  In partnership
with localities, OJP is committed to assisting these efforts by supporting a broad range of
programs to build safe and healthy families and communities.
Because crime hurts everyone living in a community, many of the strategies for identifying,
understanding, resolving, and preventing crime also lie within the community.  OJP's goal is to
ensure that local residents and organizations--who best understand their needs and resources--
have the building blocks and tools to be successful.  Community-based initiatives and the use of
local comprehensive strategies that give residents a real opportunity to solve problems show great
promise in preventing crime.  The public, private,  and community partnerships being formed
provide the mechanisms through which residents can sustain their involvement.
OJP supports community involvement in the choice, design, and implementation of programs;
flexible use of federal funding; and creative mixing of local and federal resources that allows for
maximum leveraging.  OJP's efforts are focused on ensuring safe communities, and are designed
to complement the work of other Cabinet departments, such as the Departments of Education and
Housing and Urban Development.
Where OJP's programs directly fund local units of government--a town, city, county, or tribal
authority--we encourage communities, residents, or community-based groups to learn about these
programs and work in partnership with their local government to ensure that they have the
resources needed to address crime.  We also encourage looking to other localities currently
receiving funding for ideas and information on developing strategies for your community.
OJP supports a number of community-building initiatives and provides the technical assistance to
help make programs successful. Our community building programs emphasize the following
elements as building blocks that work together to achieve successful efforts:
   Building Collaborative, Community-Based Partnerships that draw upon the knowledge of
  all stakeholders, including educators, young people, law enforcement and correctional
  officials, prosecutors, U.S. Attorneys, probation officers, physical and mental health care
  providers, city government officials, religious leaders, local residents, victim service providers,
  parks and recreation specialists, as well as representatives of business, the judiciary, criminal
  justice agencies, research organizations, housing and community development organizations, citizens
  groups, and private, government, nonprofit, and for-profit service providers to coordinate resources
  and achieve goals.
   Recognizing the Local  Context of Crime Problems and Solutions by supporting programs
  that build community capacity to identify and understand local problems.  This involves
  enhancing the capacity to assess local crime statistics, analyze risk factors, engage in problem-
  solving and strategic planning--drawing in all partners to participate--and supporting programs
  that acknowledge that public safety is dependent upon addressing housing, economic
  development, health, environmental, and educational needs and resources in communities.
  OJP also fosters coordination of multi-federal agency funding at a local level to leverage
  additional public and private support.
   Promoting a Broad Range of Coordinated, Integrated Programs that nurture families and
  communities, promoting comprehensive efforts that support parenting, child abuse and
  domestic violence prevention, victim assistance, child support enforcement, truancy, conflict
  resolution, youth mentoring, teen pregnancy prevention, and other child development and
  supervision programs.  Our comprehensive efforts also support initiatives that improve the
  quality of life in communities, such as recreational, computer and other technology
  enhancements, economic development programs, and programs that improve law enforcement
  and reduce gun-related crime and illegal drug use.
   Giving Communities the Tools They Need to Build Capacity by promoting local problem-
  solving and decision-making to facilitate strategic planning with criminal justice agencies,
  local, and federal government, nonprofits, and businesses; and by providing, as needed,
  technical assistance in a range of areas, such as strategic planning, leadership training for
  residents, risk assessment, use of data and analytic tools for decision-making, and identifying
  federal, state, and local resources.
   Learning from Our Efforts by encouraging practitioner/researcher partnerships that assist
  localities in their ongoing efforts; building our knowledge of best practices to share across
  disciplines and communities; and evaluating both the process and the impact of community-
  based crime prevention efforts.
In support of these efforts, OJP will support the following initiatives in FY 1999.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in the remainder of FY 1999.
Operation Weed and Seed
Grantees: State and local government entities and nonprofit organizations
FY99 Funding: $33.5 million, with an additional $6.5 million from surplus asset forfeiture funds
OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS)
Project Description: Operation Weed and Seed assists communities to develop and implement
comprehensive strategies to "weed out" violent crime, illegal drug and gun trafficking, and illegal
gang activity and to "seed" their communities with programs that prevent crime.  Under Weed
and Seed, community coalitions form to develop and implement strategies that include four key
elements: law enforcement, community policing, prevention/intervention/treatment, and
neighborhood restoration, including economic development.  Weed and Seed strategies
coordinate federal participation in that effort in cooperation with the U.S. Attorneys Offices and
other federal law enforcement agencies, as well as other federal departments.  In addition to
funding, EOWS provides training and technical assistance to communities to build their capacity
to enhance their strategies.
Operation Weed and Seed was initiated as a demonstration program in three sites in 1991 and is
now  active in over 170 sites around the nation.  In 1999, the number of funded sites is expected
to rise to approximately 200 (approximately 170 continuation sites, plus 25 to 30 new sites).
Applicants for funding are required to submit an application for Official Recognition of a Weed
and Seed strategy by November 30 each year.  Sites in the second year of funding and beyond will
have the option to use $50,000 in one or more of the following Special Emphasis areas:  Gun
Abatement; Community Empowerment; Truancy Prevention; Conflict Resolution; Justice
Innovations; Jobs and Asset-Building for At-Risk Youth and Adults; Anti-Gang Crime Initiative;
Prevention through the Arts; Mentoring; Anti-Drug/Alcohol Abuse Strategies; Brownfields
Activities; Volunteer Programs; and Community Learning Centers.  Further information is
available from the Weed and Seed Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/.
Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative
Grantees: Research entities from Memphis, Tennessee; New Haven, Connecticut; Winston-Salem,
North Carolina; Indianapolis, Indiana; and Portland, Oregon
FY99 Funding: Approximately $5 million
OJP Sponsor:  National Institute of Justice (NIJ) with other OJP components
Project Description: The Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative (SACSI) is a
problem-solving, information-driven project intended to reduce crime in five pilot cities.  In each
site, the U.S. Attorney works in concert with an interdisciplinary group of local decision-makers,
as well as with a local research partner and a project coordinator, to identify, analyze, and respond
to local crime problems.   The process and its impact will be assessed in order to provide a model
implementation program for jurisdictions nationwide.  This project includes technical assistance
provided through an existing BJA grant.
National Neighborhood Crime and Drug Abuse Prevention Program (earmark)
Grantee: Eisenhower Foundation
FY99 Funding: $1 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description: This community-based initiative will demonstrate the utility and effectiveness
of community-police partnerships in up to four urban settings. Key objectives include building
diverse coalitions and planning teams; adopting community and problem-oriented policing
techniques by law enforcement and other criminal justice agencies; reducing the number of at-risk
youth involved in delinquent activities; providing alternatives to gangs and gang membership; and
developing an environment conducive to social and economic growth.
Project REAL: Community and Police Reconciliation, Education, Action, and Leadership
Grantee: National Coalition Building Institute
FY99 Funding: $140,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: In this initiative, the National Coalition Building Institute will facilitate
greater interaction between minority communities in Seattle, Washington, and the Seattle Police
Department. The project will develop, test, and document innovative ways in which community
groups can build effective relationships with the police. The effort will focus on coalition building,
conflict intervention, and racial reconciliation.
Stop the Violence (earmark)
Grantee: Spartanburg, South Carolina
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This initiative implements a strategy for stopping violence through different
interventions involving the police, sheriff, community, churches, and other key groups. The
initiative is based on model efforts in different regions of the county and will expand these efforts
nationwide.
Statewide Communities Initiative
Grantee: National Criminal Justice Association
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The goal of this initiative is to integrate state and local justice system
planning and strategies to achieve collaboration, economy of resources, coordination of funding
streams, and an effective and balanced delivery of services by the criminal justice system.
SafeFutures: Partnership to Reduce Youth Violence and Delinquency
Grantees:  Boston, Massachusetts; Contra Costa County, California; Seattle, Washington; St.
Louis, Missouri; Imperial County, California (rural site); and Fort Belknap, Montana (tribal site)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description: OJJDP is awarding continuation grants of up to $1.4 million to each of six
communities to assist in implementing comprehensive community programs to reduce youth
violence and delinquency.  SafeFutures seeks to prevent and control youth crime and victimization
by creating a continuum of care to enable communities to be responsive to the needs of youth at
critical stages of their development through a range of prevention, intervention, treatment, and
sanctions programs.
Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention, Intervention, and
Suppression Program
Grantees:  Bloomington, Illinois; Mesa, Arizona; Riverside, California; San Antonio, Texas; and
Tucson, Arizona
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: This program supports implementation of a comprehensive gang program
model in five jurisdictions.  The program was competitively awarded with FY 1994 funds.  To
implement the comprehensive gang program model, communities must mobilize to address
gang-related violence by making available and coordinating social interventions, providing social,
academic, vocational, and other opportunities, and supporting gang suppression through law
enforcement, probation, and other community control mechanisms.
Partnerships to Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence Program
Grantees:  Baton Rouge, Louisiana; Oakland, California; and Syracuse, New York
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: OJJDP will award continuation grants to the competitively selected
communities that initially received funds in FY 1997 to help them increase the effectiveness of
existing youth gun violence reduction strategies by enhancing and coordinating prevention,
intervention, and suppression strategies and strengthening linkages between community residents,
law enforcement, and the juvenile justice system.
Safe Start:  Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP)
Grantee: Yale University School of Medicine, in collaboration with the New Haven Department
of Police Services
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: The Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP) program is
an innovative partnership between the New Haven Department of Police Services and the Child
Study Center at the Yale University School of Medicine that addresses the psychological burdens
on children, families, and the broader community of children witnessing increasing levels of
community violence. The Yale-New Haven model consists of interrelated training of police
officers, consultation, and teaming mental health clinicians with law enforcement in intervening
onsite with children and families who witness violence.  FY 1999 funds will continue replication
of the CD-CP model in four sites:  Buffalo, New York; Charlotte, North Carolina; Nashville,
Tennessee; and Portland, Oregon.  A training and technical assistance center also is under
development in New Haven.  The CD-CP model is being expanded under the Safe Start Initiative
described at page 13.
Balanced and Restorative Justice (BARJ)
Grantee:  Florida Atlantic University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  In FY 1992, Florida Atlantic University (FAU) was awarded a competitive
grant to enhance the development of restitution programs as part of system-wide juvenile justice
improvement using balanced approach concepts and restorative justice principles.  In subsequent
years, the project developed a BARJ program model.  The project provides intensive training,
technical assistance, and guideline materials to three selected sites that over recent years have
been implementing major systemic change in accordance with the BARJ model.  The three sites
are Allegheny County, Pennsylvania; Dakota County, Minnesota; and West Palm Beach County,
Florida.  In addition, the BARJ project continues to provide technical assistance and training to
other jurisdictions nationwide, as well as training at regional round tables and at professional
conferences on juvenile justice system improvement.  For further information, contact Peter
Freivalds at OJJDP, 202/616-3635 or Peterf@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
Grantees: To Be Selected from applications received in FY 1998
FY99 Funding:   To Be Determined for the Special Interest categories described below
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
The Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies program is described in full in Chapter 4, Combating
Family Violence.  However, two Special Interest categories support community-driven programs
and partnerships to reduce and prevent domestic violence.  These are: community-driven
initiatives to address violence against women among diverse, traditionally underserved
populations, including women of color, immigrant women, disabled women, women in same-sex
relationships, and elderly women; and partnerships between the business community and the
criminal justice system to enhance the safety of women in the community and the workplace.
Because OJP received so many more worthy applications in FY 1998 than it had funds to support,
new applications will not be solicited for FY 1999.  OJP will make awards based on applications
received in FY 1998.
TRIAD: A Strategy to Reduce the Criminal Victimization of Older Persons
Grantee: National Sheriffs' Association
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: TRIAD is a national program cosponsored by the National Sheriffs'
Association, the International Association of Chiefs of Police, and the American Association of
Retired Persons. Activities include educating communities about elder abuse; strengthening the
criminal justice system's process of prevention, detection, and assistance for elderly crime victims;
implementing reassurance programs for homebound and isolated elders; and providing technical
assistance for new and existing TRIADs.  There are now 436 TRIAD programs in 46 states,
Canada, and England.
Victim Services 2000: A Vision for the 21st Century
Grantees:  Denver, Colorado VALE Board, The Battered Women's Shelter of Summit and
Medina Counties, Ohio, and the Vermont Center for Crime Victim Services.
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description:  This multi-year demonstration initiative supports communities in developing
and implementing seamless, comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary systems of services for
victims of crime.  The Denver VALE Board has developed a model and implementation plan and
is identifying ways to provide training and technical assistance.  The other sites are involved in the
planning phase of this 3-phase, 5-year demonstration project.  The projects will result in model
environments for crime victims in which culturally and linguistically appropriate services are
available to every victim.  All projects will conduct thorough needs assessments, develop
innovative intervention strategies and services, institutionalize cross-training on victims' issues
throughout the criminal justice, community nonprofit, and allied professional communities, and
utilize technology to integrate services and communication among providers.  Victim Services
2000 projects will serve as models for other communities wishing to set up comprehensive,
coordinated services for crime victims.  Award amounts under this program will be based on the
availability of funds and the needs of each specific program model.
New Programs
FY 1999 funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  Also see Chapter 12 for a
description of the new $5 million Community Prosecution Grant Program and other community
prosecution or community court initiatives.  For information about individual program
solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the National
Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing list.
Safe Start Initiative
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Eligibility: To Be Determined
Project Description:  This program will fund up to 12 demonstration sites to implement
coordinated, community-wide and community-driven strategies to reduce the effects of children's
exposure to violence.  Safe Start will be based, in part, on an expansion of the Child
Development/Community-Oriented Policing (CD-CP) model response to children who have
witnessed or been victimized by violence.  The CD-CP model partners community policing
officers and mental health clinicians in an effort to reduce the negative consequences of children's
exposure to violence.  Contact the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse at 1-800/638-8736 to be added
to the mailing list for the application kit and other information on this program as it becomes
available.  The evaluation of this program is described at page 19.  Training and technical
assistance is described at page 16.
COMPASS Initiative Pilot Site
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJP
Project Description:  NIJ is currently working with other OJP bureaus and offices and COPS to
develop COMPASS (Community Mapping, Planning, and Analysis for Safety Strategies).  The
COMPASS initiative aims to prevent crime and enhance community well-being by increasing
community capacity to collect and maintain integrated databases, as well as analyze and use these
data for program planning, development, and evaluation.  Communities will make strategic use of
a variety of information and technology--including incident-based crime records, crime mapping,
and victimization surveys--in combination with promising problem-solving techniques, to devise
and structure the most appropriate responses to identified crime problems.  Lessons learned from
the impact of existing community interventions will inform NIJ's research efforts to understand
what works to prevent crime and "build safety" in communities.  To that end, NIJ expects to work
closely with the leadership of the neighborhood and the larger community to simultaneously test a
limited number of interventions that have both a strong theoretical foundation and demonstrated
effectiveness.  NIJ will examine the impact of these interventions using a diverse set of impact
measures and assess the interaction among interventions.
Open Solicitation Grant Program
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description:  Through the Open Solicitation Grant Program, BJA encourages state, local,
and tribal governments to identify emerging or chronic criminal justice problems within their
communities and jurisdictions and then propose innovative strategies to address those problems.
To do this, BJA solicits brief concept papers in broad categories that reflect local priorities. An
important goal of the program is opening the grant application system to traditionally underserved
constituencies, and BJA urges applicants to reach out within their communities and build
partnerships with schools, social service agencies, private-sector organizations, and other
institutions with a stake in creating safe and vibrant neighborhoods. BJA anticipates announcing a
third round of the Open Solicitation in FY 1999.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Weed and Seed Training/Technical Assistance
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  EOWS
Eligibility:  All current Weed and Seed sites or jurisdictions interested in becoming new sites
Project Description:  All Weed and Seed funded sites are encouraged to develop a 1-year
technical assistance (TA) workplan as part of their overall implementation strategies.  The
workplans are to be based on the results of local needs assessments, site-initiated consultations
with TA providers, and discussions with their EOWS program managers.  EOWS TA services
include:  electronic (listserv, Webpage); multi-site TA; specific onsite assistance; peer-to-peer TA;
information exchange and other resources; training workshops and conferences; and telephone
consultations.  The grantee is responsible for multi-site training and technical assistance, as well as
specific assistance to the sites.
Community Justice Resource Center
Grantee: Fund for the City of New York
FY99 Funding: $1.75 million
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The Community Justice Resource Center will provide an extensive resource
for criminal justice professionals, policy makers, elected officials, and citizens on the topic of
community justice. The Resource Center will develop comprehensive information about
community justice, make the information easily accessible, and promote the idea of community
justice. It also will continue to provide customized technical assistance to jurisdictions developing
community justice projects.
National Citizens' Crime Prevention Campaign (earmark)
Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council
FY99 Funding: $4 million
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: National in scope but local in implementation, the National Citizens' Crime
Prevention Campaign will continue to reach out to children, families, public and private service
providers, and elected officials to reduce and prevent crime, violence, and substance abuse. The
campaign will focus on five main objectives:  (1) the production and dissemination of television,
radio, and print crime prevention public service announcements (in English and Spanish) and
response materials for targeted populations;  (2) the development and production of a full range
of crime, violence, and drug prevention support materials (e.g., brochures, pamphlets, booklets)
and information sharing through the World Wide Web; (3) the provision of national, regional, and
state technical assistance and training workshops conducted in conjunction with state agencies
and state crime prevention associations; (4) the maintenance of a licensing program that is
expected to assist in raising up to $600,000 in royalties to enhance federally funded crime
prevention efforts; and (5) the provision of secretariat services to the Crime Prevention Coalition
of America, a network of more than 120 national, state, and federal organizations and agencies
committed to building safer and better communities.
National Night Out (earmark)
Grantee: National Association of Town Watch (NATW)
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: NATW helps coordinate National Night Out (NNO) activities at the national,
state, and local levels.  NATW disseminates information and provides technical assistance to
federal and state agencies, local units of government, civic and neighborhood organizations, and
residents. NNO assists in strengthening comprehensive community partnerships and supports the
development and enhancement of innovative local crime, violence, and drug prevention initiatives.
Since its inception in 1984, NNO has evolved into a year-long program in which 30 million people
in 9,250 communities across the United States and military bases throughout the world participate.
In many communities, NNO activities are cosponsored by businesses, private sector corporations,
and local utility companies.
Project GRAND (earmark)
Grantee: National Training and Information Center
FY99 Funding: $375,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Project GRAND (Grassroots Residents Against Neighborhood Destruction)
builds upon previous BJA-funded initiatives of the National Training and Information Center
(NTIC), including Community Responses to Drug Abuse (1990-1992) and Communities in
Action to Prevent Drug Abuse I & II (1992-1997). For Project GRAND, NTIC will provide
training, technical assistance, and funding to 11 community-based organizations to enable them to
develop cost-effective strategies for revitalizing neighborhoods by reducing crime, violence, and
substance abuse. The approach includes efforts to combat drug dealing and prostitution, assist
residents with access to legitimate employment opportunities, and reintroduce legitimate business
into targeted areas.
Comprehensive Communities Technical Assistance
Grantee: Criminal Justice Associates
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Based on the positive results of BJA's Comprehensive Communities Program
(CCP), the next step is to disseminate the initiative's initial findings and evaluations for
replication. CCP was designed to suppress violence and restore the security of  neighborhoods.
The jurisdictions participating in CCP developed jurisdiction-wide crime prevention and control
strategies and implemented community-based responses to crime consistent with those strategies.
This phase of the program will produce a fact sheet, implementation manual, program brief, case
studies, sustainment planning model, a resource development monograph, and video to help other
communities implement CCP.
Training and Technical Assistance for Safe Start
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Eligibility:  To Be Determined
Project Description: This funding will support training and technical assistance to the Safe Start
demonstration sites (see page 13) to assist them in achieving program goals.
Training and Technical Assistance Coordination for SafeFutures and Safe Kids/Safe Streets
Initiative
Grantee:  Patricia Donahue
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description:  OJJDP proposes to continue funding for long-term training and technical
assistance for the remaining years of the SafeFutures and Safe Kids/Safe Streets programs.  The
purpose of this effort is to build local capacity for implementing and sustaining effective
continuum of care and systems change approaches to preventing and controlling juvenile violence
and delinquency in the six SafeFutures communities and the five Safe Kids/Safe Streets sites.
Development of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders
Grantees:  Developmental Research and Programs, Inc. and the National Council on Crime and
Delinquency
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This project will continue to provide training and technical assistance for
communities implementing OJJDP's model design for a comprehensive approach to serious,
violent, and chronic juvenile offenders. The model includes identifying programs that address
prevention services for at-risk youth and their families and developing a system of graduated
sanctions for juvenile offenders. Program development is guided by risk and needs assessment
instruments at each level of the juvenile justice process. The grantees will conduct extensive
literature reviews, survey practitioners, visit exemplary programs, and hold focus groups with
managers of successful programs to aid in developing OJJDP's Guide for Implementing the
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders. The grantees also
will continue to disseminate the Comprehensive Strategy to conferences and major national
groups, especially those involving elected officials, to encourage interest in implementing the
Comprehensive Strategy in additional communities.
Center on Rural Crime and Justice (earmark)
Grantee: University of South Carolina, Institute for Law and Families
FY99 Funding: $381,363
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This program will provide funding and support to establish a Center on Rural
Crime and Violence Prevention. The center will engage targeted, rural communities in crime
prevention efforts and provide assistance to rural communities by linking them to local
criminal justice systems and assisting them in the development and evaluation of local initiatives.
Local Initiatives Support (earmark)
Grantee: Local Initiatives Support Corporation
FY99 Funding: $500,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The Local Initiatives Support Corporation (LISC) was established by the
Ford Foundation and community groups in 1979. LISC has worked in many cities to mobilize
partnerships to assist communities in their efforts to rebuild neighborhoods. LISC provides
technical assistance and support to community development corporations throughout the nation,
primarily in the 42 cities in which it has offices.  This program will build on LISC's efforts to
interconnect public safety and economic development through such initiatives as the Community
Security Program, which LISC developed and implemented in cooperation with the Police
Executive Research Forum and Harvard University's Program in Criminal Justice.
Victim Empowerment through Mediation and Dialogue
Grantee:  University of Minnesota
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  The University of Minnesota is developing victim-sensitive training and
program development guidelines for victim-offender mediation and dialogue.  The project has
produced a training curriculum, training manuals, and guidelines for the development and
operation of victim-offender mediation programs, a pamphlet on intercultural aspects of
mediation, and a training videotape on intercultural aspects and mediation involving property
crime and minor offenses.  During this continuation phase, the grantee will offer two regional
victim-offender mediation training seminars to victim service providers, develop new written and
audiovisual training resources, provide intensive onsite technical assistance to corrections systems
in Texas and Ohio, complete an assessment of victim satisfaction with the new mediation services
provided by the Texas and Ohio systems, and provide technical assistance to other states or
corrections departments implementing victim-offender mediation and dialogue programs.  These
programs will serve as resources for other communities interested in incorporating this kind of
victim-offender mediation into their community justice strategies to help restore victims, promote
community healing, and, at the same time, impress upon offenders the impact their behavior has on
both individual victims and the community as a whole.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods
Grantee: Harvard University School of Public Health
FY99 Funding: $2.2 million
OJP Sponsor: NIJ
Project Description:  The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (which is
cofunded by NIJ, other federal agencies, and the MacArthur Foundation) is a long-term inquiry
into the relationship between community, crime, delinquency, family, and individual development.
At the community level, the project has surveyed more than 8,700 adult residents in 343
neighborhoods throughout Chicago. In addition, researchers have identified 80 neighborhoods
that are the focus for a longitudinal cohort study.  As part of the first wave of this longitudinal
study, researchers have conducted interviews with 7,000 children and adolescents and their
primary care givers.  The research team, headed by Dr. Felton Earls of the Harvard School of
Public Health, recently reported that the largest predictor of violent crime rates was "collective
efficacy"--a term used to mean a sense of trust, common values, and cohesion in a neighborhood.
The research team found that there are lower rates of violence in neighborhoods that have a
strong sense of community and values, for example, where adults are likely to intervene when
children are missing from school or scrawling graffiti on building walls. According to Earls, the
most important characteristic of "collective efficacy" is a "willingness by residents to intervene in
the lives of children."
Evaluation of Safe Start
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Eligibility:  To Be Determined
Project Description: This evaluation is designed to document and explain the process of
community mobilization, planning, and collaboration that takes place before and during the Safe
Start awards; to inform program staff of performance levels on an ongoing basis; and to determine
the effectiveness of the implemented project in achieving the goals of the Safe Start program,
which is described on Page 13.  Training and technical assistance available under this initiative are
described at page 16.
SafeFutures National Evaluation
Grantee: The Urban Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description:  This project addresses the program implementation process and measures
performance outcomes across the six SafeFutures sites (see program description on page 10).
The process evaluation focuses primarily on the development and implementation of a strategic
plan to establish a continuum of care and integrated services for youth in high-risk communities.
It will identify and report on obstacles and key factors contributing to the successful
implementation of the SafeFutures program.
Evaluation of the Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang Prevention,
Intervention, and Suppression Program
Grantee: University of Chicago, School of Social Service Administration
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: The University of Chicago received a competitive cooperative agreement
award in FY 1995 to evaluate OJJDP's Comprehensive Community-Wide Approach to Gang
Prevention, Intervention, and Suppression Program in five sites across the country.  The grantee
is assisting the five sites in establishing realistic and measurable objectives, documenting program
implementation, and measuring the impact of a variety of gang program strategies.  It also
provides interim feedback to the program implementors.
Evaluation of the Partnerships to Reduce Juvenile Gun Violence Program
Grantee: COSMOS Corporation
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: COSMOS Corporation is examining and documenting the process of
community mobilization, planning, and collaboration needed to develop a comprehensive,
collaborative approach to reducing gun violence involving juveniles in four sites.
Evaluation of the Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile
Offenders
Grantee: Caliber Associates
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description:   In FY 1998, OJJDP began a multi-year, multi-site evaluation of its
Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders.  The evaluation is
looking at the lessons learned from the Comprehensive Strategy training and technical assistance
process that was demonstrated in three pilot communities.  The evaluation will then assess the
effect of the 2-year training and technical assistance process that is currently being tested in 5
states and 26 local jurisdictions and is beginning in two additional states.  The evaluation will
document the effectiveness of this training and technical assistance process and will look at the
crime and delinquency outcomes and level of services provided in each jurisdiction.
NIJ Visiting Fellowship Program
Grantee: Roger Conner (Fellowship)
FY99 Funding: $300,000
OJP Sponsor: NIJ
Project Description: This project will examine the concept of community safety lawyering.  It will
attempt to define this emerging field and explore its larger role in enhancing safety and justice in
local communities.
Austin Community Justice
Grantee: Travis County District Attorney's Office
FY99 Funding: $20,000
OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OVC
Project Description:  Travis County will formulate a plan of action over the next year that will
provide guidance for refining existing community justice initiatives and directing the development,
implementation, and evaluation of an integrated system of community justice.  This planning effort
will involve three components: refining the vision and assessing which initiatives meet the
definition; determining next steps in the short and long term regarding community justice
initiatives, and beginning to establish implementation and performance measures that will
appropriately capture this shift to a community justice paradigm.  Importantly, Travis County will
work to develop broader community representation in its community justice initiatives by
expanding the Neighborhood Action Protection Committee infrastructure.
Software for Crime Victimization Survey
Grantee: Interagency Agreement
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description:  BJS and the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) have
developed a software program using a popular computer database that allows localities to
conduct their own telephone surveys of residents to collect data on crime victimization, attitudes
toward policing, and other community-related issues.  Using this user-friendly version of the BJS
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS), localities can quickly design a questionnaire to
reflect local interests, while maintaining a standard core of NCVS questions.  Pilot testing of the
software is currently in the final stages.  BJS anticipates that the software will be available free-of-
charge to the criminal justice community by mid-1999.
Investigator Initiated Research Grants
Grantee:  Competitive/Multiple Awards
FY99 Funding:  $1.5 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ's Investigator Initiated Solicitation invites researchers, practitioners, and
technologists to explore innovative topics and techniques to aid in shaping public policies that
control crime and enhance justice.  NIJ challenges applicants to build on information gleaned from
past research and development to shed new light on efforts to understand and reduce crime.
Applicants are encouraged to experiment with practical approaches that will rethink the
conventional wisdom and offer alternative means for solving recurring problems. Importantly, NIJ
encourages researchers to seek collaboration with other organizations and disciplines in testing
ideas and approaches that more effectively involve the entire community in building safety and
justice.
Byrne Evaluation Partnership Program
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description:  In FY 1999, BJA will solicit concept papers for a third round of awards for
the Byrne Evaluation Partnership Program, which builds state and local evaluation capacity
through support of evaluation activities by Byrne State Administrative Agencies (SAAs). The
program increases the quality and use of evaluation research conducted by state and local
agencies by creating a mechanism for enhancing the design, implementation, measurement,
evaluation, and dissemination of information in high-priority program areas. The program also
enhances collaboration among Byrne SAAs, funded program managers, and university or other
research organizations.
For More Information
OJP sponsors many other initiatives designed to empower communities to address crime.  Most of
the other chapters in this Program Plan also describe grant programs and other assistance
available to communities.  Chapter 1 describes OJP formula and block grant programs from which
communities can receive funding.  Chapter 14 describes Internet-based and other information
resources.  Also see Chapter 3 for information about programs to address substance abuse,
Chapter 4 for a description of initiatives to help communities combat violence against
women, Chapter 11, which describes programs targeted for Native American communities, and
Chapter 13, which describes training and technical assistance available through OJP.
In cooperation with the Federal Support to Communities Initiative, OJP is developing a Website
on "Building Safe and Healthy Communities: An Information and Ideas Guide."  The Website
grew out of the Attorney General's vision to provide communities with easy access to federal
program information via the Internet.  The guide will link communities directly to DOJ
publications, Websites of other federal agencies, local programs, and a broad range of non-federal
resources in the areas of community development, substance abuse treatment, and other
community-building initiatives.  For further information about this Website and when it will be
accessible via the Internet, check the OJP Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov.
Chapter 3
Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse
& Crime
Overview
Substance abuse--the abuse of drugs and alcohol--is an established and well-documented
characteristic of a substantial proportion of persons who come into contact with the criminal
justice system--regardless of the type of offense.  According to data from the National Institute of
Justice's (NIJ) 1997 Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) program--which interviews and
collects urine samples from arrestees in 35 major metropolitan areas--between 51 and 80 percent
of arrested adult males test positive for drugs.
Substance abuse also continues to be a serious problem among youth.  According to OJJDP
reports, juvenile arrests for drug abuse violations increased by 138 percent between 1991 and
1995, while juvenile courts handled 82 percent more drug abuse cases in 1994 than 1991.  While
ADAM data show the drug use rates for male juvenile arrestees (between 41 and 65 percent) are
slightly lower than the adult numbers, drug use among juvenile arrestees is still widespread
enough to be troubling.  What is most important, however, is that the incidence of substance
abuse in the criminal justice population is remarkably high and strikingly constant.
Surveys of prisoners confirm that substance abuse is implicated in criminal activity.  Data from the
1997 BJS survey of inmates in federal and state prisons show that three-quarters of all prisoners
can be characterized as alcohol or drug-involved offenders.  Over half of state inmates (52
percent) and over one-third (34 percent) of federal inmates reported committing their current
offense under the influence of alcohol or drugs.  For those incarcerated for a violent offense, 40
percent of federal inmates and 52 percent of state inmates reported use of drugs or alcohol at the
time they committed the offense for which they were incarcerated.
Through NIJ research, we are starting to understand that the drug users coming through the
criminal justice system are not casual users, but highly dependent upon illegal substances.  Nor is
this a population that has frequently sought treatment in the past--only 25 percent of drug users in
prison were previously in treatment and, according to a New York City study of addicts, 70
percent have neither been in treatment nor intend to seek treatment.  A 1995 NIJ research report
indicated that between 60 and 75 percent of untreated parolees who have histories of heroin
and/or cocaine use return to those drugs within three months after release.
The problem is further compounded by the fact that the greatest proportion of offenders with
substance abuse problems are, in fact, not incarcerated in prisons and jails, but under some form
of community supervision (probation, parole, and/or in a community corrections setting).
According to BJS data, there were 3.9 million adult men and women on probation or parole in the
community, more than twice as many as the 1.25 million incarcerated in state and federal prisons
and 600,000 in local jails.  BJS data also show a large proportion of offenders under community
supervision used drugs prior to their current offense.  According to 1995 BJS data, 43 percent of
probationers reported prior regular, illicit drug use.  Yet community corrections often lacks
sufficient authority and resources to effectively respond to the problem of substance abuse.
These drug-involved offenders place a heavy toll on our country's criminal justice systems.  Their
numbers swell our courts, crowd our prisons, and tax our probation and parole programs.  Where
not detected or effectively dealt with their first time around, many of these drug-involved
individuals will find their way back into the criminal justice system--again and again.  Thus, OJP
has focused its research, evaluation, and demonstration resources on substance abuse testing and
intervention efforts aimed at individuals under criminal justice supervision as a way of reducing
our nation's aggregate demand for illegal drugs and the terrible consequences of alcohol abuse.
Research has shown that when substance abuse testing is combined with effective interventions--
such as meaningful, graduated sanctions or various treatment modalities--drug and alcohol abuse
can be curtailed within the criminal justice population.  Recent studies demonstrate that drug-
dependent individuals who receive comprehensive treatment decrease their drug use, decrease
their criminal behavior, increase their employment, improve their social and interpersonal
functioning, and improve their physical health.  Moreover, when compared to substance abusers
who voluntarily enter treatment, those coerced into treatment through the criminal justice system
are just as likely to succeed.  Because the majority of drug users are processed through some part
of the criminal justice system during their drug-use careers, we are learning how to effectively
intervene with these populations at various points.
Studies also show that treatment is cost-effective.  In 1994, the RAND Corporation reported that
drug treatment is the most cost-effective drug control intervention.  Another 1994 study examined
CALDATA, a comprehensive drug and alcohol treatment program in California, and concluded
that for every dollar invested in drug treatment, taxpayers saved $7.  This savings was attributable
to decreased use of drugs and alcohol and the resulting reduction in costs related to the crime and
health care.
Drug courts represent a promising initiative that uses the coercive authority of the courts to
change behavior.  In 1989, a few communities began experimenting with an approach to address
the needs of substance-abusing offenders that integrated substance abuse treatment, sanctions, and
incentives with case processing to place nonviolent drug-involved defendants in judicially
supervised habilitation programs.  Now, nationally more than 520 courts have implemented or are
planning to implement a drug court to address the problems of substance abuse and crime.  Local
coalitions of judges, prosecutors, attorneys, treatment professionals, law enforcement officials,
and others are using the coercive power of the court to force abstinence and alter
behavior with a combination of escalating sanctions, mandatory drug testing, treatment, and
strong aftercare programs to teach responsibility and to help offenders reenter the community.
OJP's FY 1999 Drug Court Grant Program is responsive to and supportive of developments in
the field, including the need for conducting both process and outcome evaluations and for
management information system development.  OJP's Drug Courts Program Office has a special
interest in encouraging communities to develop drug courts that treat alcohol abuse, as well as
drug addiction.  These include, for example, driving under the influence (DUI) or driving while
intoxicated (DWI) drug courts.
Building on the success of drug courts and the research showing the effectiveness of drug testing
and interventions under the coercive power of the criminal justice system, OJP continues to be
interested in supporting comprehensive, system-wide strategies of universal substance abuse
testing combined with treatment and graduated sanctions for non-compliance.  For this reason,
OJP's Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) grant program encourages
states receiving correctional facility construction funding to implement a program of drug testing,
sanctions, and treatment to break the cycle of substance abuse and crime among adult offenders
while in prison and under post-release supervision.  For a more detailed description of VOI/TIS,
see Chapter 6.
In addition to these efforts, OJP will continue to collaborate with the Office of National Drug
Control Policy (ONDCP) and the Administrative Office for the United States Courts.  For
example, the Break the Cycle (BTC) program in state systems and the Testing, Effective
Sanctions and Treatment (TEST) program in federal courts are demonstrating universal drug
testing (combined with treatment and sanctions ) of defendants from pretrial through final
disposition.  OJP also encourages initiatives that combine prison-based therapeutic community-
style treatment with post-release supervision and follow-up treatment--such as through the
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) program funding available to every state.  The
following briefly describes the substance abuse-related initiatives OJP will support in FY 1999.
Continuation Programs
The following projects will be conducted by current or already designated new grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited during Fiscal Year 1999.
Congress of National Black Churches: National Anti-Drug Abuse/Violence Campaign
Grantee:  Congress of National Black Churches
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description: OJJDP will award continuation funding to the Congress of National Black
Churches (CNBC) for its national awareness and mobilization strategy to address the problems of
juvenile drug abuse, violence, and hate crime in targeted communities.  The goal of the CNBC
national strategy is to summon, focus, and coordinate the leadership of the black religious
community, in cooperation with the Department of Justice and other federal agencies and
organizations, to mobilize groups of community residents to combat juvenile drug abuse and
drug-related violence.
No Hope in Dope Project
Grantee: Operation Hope
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: The goal of the No Hope in Dope (NHID) program is to prevent, reduce, or
delay the onset of substance abuse in elementary, intermediate, and high school students in
Hawaii's Windward Oaho area. The project involves a community-based approach that makes
anti-drug norms clear, salient, and useful as guides for behavior. The program uses opinion-
leading student athletes, the No Hope in Dope seminar, and the Officer Honolulu Safety Program.
NHID is a program of Project Hope in coordination with the Kahuku and Castle School
complexes of the Windward Oahu School District and the Honolulu Police Department. The
program will be evaluated with a pre/post intervention design that will provide information about
the effectiveness of this community- and school-level intervention.
Strengthening Services for Chemically Involved Children, Youth, and Families
Grantee:  Child Welfare League of America (CWLA)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with the Office of National Drug Control Policy and the
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
Project Description: The U.S. Department of Justice and Health and Human Services and the
Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) both service the pool of children affected by
parental substance use or abuse.  Through this program, CWLA assists child welfare personnel to
provide appropriate intervention services for children impacted by the abuse of alcohol and other
drugs (AOD), as well as services and for their caregivers. CWLA is producing a comprehensive
assessment tool and decision-making guidelines for child welfare workers and supervisors. CWLA
also provides training and technical assistance to help develop innovative and effective approaches
to meeting the needs of children in the child welfare system whose parents are AOD abusers.
New Programs
FY 1999 funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about
individual program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or
call the National Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the mailing
list.
Enforcing Underage Drinking Law Program
Grantees: States and competitive discretionary awards
FY99 Funding: $25 million
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: The purpose of this program is to help enforce state laws prohibiting the sale
of alcoholic beverages to minors and to prevent minors from purchasing or consuming alcoholic
beverages.  Of the total $25 million appropriated for this program in FY 1999, OJJDP will award
$360,000 to each state, $5 million in competitive discretionary grants, and $1.64 million for
training and technical assistance. Projects eligible for funding include:
   statewide task forces of state and local law enforcement and prosecutorial agencies to target
  establishments suspected of a pattern of violations of state laws governing the sale and
  consumption of alcohol by minors;
   public advertising programs to educate establishments about statutory prohibitions and
  sanctions; and
   innovative programs to prevent and combat underage drinking.
OJJDP is developing formula grant guidelines and application materials for the states, as well as
discretionary grant program guidance and solicitations.  When available, application materials will
be posted on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
Drug-Free Communities Support Program
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (with funds transferred from ONDCP)
Eligibility: Community coalitions whose components have worked together on substance abuse
reduction initiatives that include efforts to target illegal drugs or the use of alcohol, tobacco, or
other related products that are prohibited for use by minors by state or local law
Project Description:  The Drug-Free Communities Support Program is designed to
strengthen community-based coalition efforts to reduce youth substance abuse.  The coalitions
include community representatives from each of the following areas:  youth, parents, business,
media, schools, youth-serving organizations, law enforcement, civic, volunteer and fraternal
groups, health care professionals, state, local, or tribal governmental agencies with expertise in the
field of substance abuse, and other organizations involved in reducing substance abuse.  The
program will enable these coalitions to enhance collaboration and coordination in an effort to
target illegal drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.  The coalitions will also encourage citizen participation
in substance abuse reduction efforts and disseminate information about effective programs.
Program guidance and solicitation materials are posted on OJJDP's Website at
www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
Drug Prevention Demonstration Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding: $10 million
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description:  The Drug Prevention Program is designed to reduce drug use by
encouraging the promotion of multiple approaches to educating and motivating young
adolescents to pursue healthy lifestyles, fostering interpersonal and decision-making skills that will
help them choose alternatives to high risk behaviors, and providing them with the motivation and
tools to build constructive lives.  Funds will be used to develop, demonstrate, and test programs
to increase perceptions among children and youth about the unappealing aspects and dangers of
drug use.  OJJDP is developing program guidance and application materials for this program.
When available, information will be posted on OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
Drug Court Planning Projects
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Drug Courts Program Office (DCPO)
Eligibility:  States, state courts, local courts, counties, other units of local government, and Indian
tribal governments, acting directly or through agreement with other public or private entities
Project Description:  Planning grants will enable grantees to undertake a needs
assessment to identify the characteristics of their drug caseload, offender population, and
treatment options in order to determine whether or not to implement a drug court.
Comprehensive technical assistance and training will be provided to assist grant recipients during
their planning processes, with a special emphasis placed on evaluation and management
information systems.  Grants will be awarded for up to $30,000 and will be available for up to 18
months to plan a drug court.  A special emphasis will be placed on those communities interested
in planning a DUI/DWI drug court.
Drug Court Enhancement Projects
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  DCPO
Eligibility:  States, state courts, local courts, counties, other units of local government, and Indian
tribal governments, acting directly or through agreement with other public or private entities
Project Description:  Grants will be available to jurisdictions that have already established drug
courts.  This program will enable jurisdictions to:
   develop training programs to teach criminal and juvenile justice professionals, treatment
  providers, communities, researchers, and others about the drug court philosophy;
   develop and conduct process and outcome evaluations for existing drug court programs; and
   develop and implement an automated data collection system or improve an existing system for
  the drug court program.
Grants will be available for up to $100,000 for a single jurisdiction and $300,000 for a
multijurisdictional effort for up to 24 months.  As part of the OJP Initiative on Alcohol and Crime,
priority will be given to those jurisdictions with an operational DUI/DWI drug court.
Drug Court Continuation/Supplemental Projects
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  DCPO
Eligibility:  FY 1997 Implementation Grantees
Project Description: Because drug courts are a significant departure from traditional court
practice, drug courts must effectively demonstrate their impact on the criminal justice system to
receive state and local support.  Current drug court grants are for up to two years.  However,
some grantees find that federal support is needed for an additional year or two to allow enough
time to gather statistics on program outcomes that will convince state and local funders to take
over the cost of the program.  Drug courts that received FY 1997 implementation grants will be
eligible to compete for FY 1999 continuation funding.  Grants will be awarded for up to $200,000
and will be available for up to 24 months.
Substance Abuse Treatment and Prevention (earmark)
Grantee:  Straight and Narrow
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application for
funding from this organization.
Light of Life Ministries (earmark)
Grantee: Light of Life Ministries
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application from this
organization.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Drug Court Clearinghouse
Grantee:  American University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: DCPO and BJA
Project Description:  The Drug Court Clearinghouse assists communities in planning,
implementing, and operating drug courts based on the 10 key components of a drug court.  In
addition, the clearinghouse collects, analyzes, and disseminates information about drug courts to
enhance drug court operations.  For more information, contact the Drug Court Clearinghouse at
202/885-2875 or online at www.american.edu/academic.depts/spa/justice/.
Drug Court Training Conferences
Grantee:  Justice Management Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: DCPO and BJA
Project Description:  These conferences will address the training needs of DCPO and LLEBG drug
court grantees.  The training will teach and demonstrate the importance of the key components for
adult drug courts, strengthen the drug court team's capacity to work together and
expand the team membership, foster practitioner-to-practitioner training, and provide maximum
networking opportunities.
Mentor Drug Court Network
Grantee:  National Association of Drug Court Professionals (NADCP)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:   DCPO
Project Description:  The mentor drug court network fosters the development of drug
courts through the direct observation of existing drug courts and dialogue with drug court
practitioners.  In addition, specialized training programs are developed for drug court planning
grantees.  For further information, see NADCP's Website at www.drugcourt.org.
Juvenile Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  DCPO and OJJDP
Project Description:  This grant will address the training needs of DCPO juvenile
drug court planning, implementation, and enhancement grantees and OJJDP Juvenile
Accountability and Incentives Block Grant (JAIBG) grantees. The training will assist communities
in the development and implementation of effective juvenile drug courts and in the engagement of
multiple systems.  Technical assistance will be available to juvenile drug court grantees to
strengthen their ability to operate effectively.
Tribal Drug Court Training and Technical Assistance
Grantees:  Tribal Law and Policy Institute and National Association of Drug Court Professionals
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  DCPO
Project Description:  This grant will address the training needs of DCPO tribal drug
court planning and implementation grantees.  The grantees will develop curriculums to train Native
American teams to plan and implement drug courts that effectively fit into tribal justice systems
and Native American communities and develop a specialized technical assistance strategy for
providing on-site technical assistance to Native American tribes who have attended the specialized
drug court training programs.
Drug Court Evaluation and Management Information Systems Training and Technical
Assistance
Grantees:  Center for Court Innovation and SEARCH, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  DCPO and BJA
Project Description:  This initiative will assist DCPO and LLEBG drug court grantees
to strengthen their capacity to collect the data necessary to effectively monitor and evaluate their
drug court programs.
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Technical Assistance Program
Grantees:  Johnson, Bassin, and Shaw (through a cooperative agreement with the Center for
Substance Abuse Treatment)
FY99 Funding:  $270,000
OJP Sponsor: Corrections Program Office (CPO)
Project Description:  CPO has developed a comprehensive technical assistance program
that includes conferences, workshops, training, and site-specific assistance to assist states with the
effective implementation of its grant programs, as well as policy and operations issues related to
RSAT program implementation and the impact of the policy changes required to qualify for grant
funds.
Technical assistance is available to substance abuse treatment practitioners and state and local
officials responsible for making policy decisions related to substance abuse treatment.  To more
effectively respond to states' needs, CPO established a toll-free technical assistance line
(1-800/848-6325).  CPO will publish a Technical Assistance Plan for FY 1999 that will be
disseminated to the field.  The schedule for CPO conferences, workshops, and training sessions can
be accessed on the Internet at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo.
Training and Technical Assistance for Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program
Grantee: Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
FY99 Funding: $1.64 million
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: This program provides technical assistance and training for state and local
efforts to reduce the availability and consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors.  State, local,
and tribal law enforcement agencies and jurisdictional teams receive assistance on enforcing
underage drinking laws, forging collaborative partnerships, enforcement operations, and youth
participation.  For further information, contact Bob Hubbard at OJJDP at 202/616-3567 or by E-
mail at Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher Project
Grantee:  National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Through the Community Anti-Drug Abuse Technical Assistance Voucher
Project, the National Center for Neighborhood Enterprise (NCNE) awards vouchers to grassroots
organizations to purchase technical assistance and training to effectively address the problem of
juvenile drug abuse. NCNE has established a clearinghouse featuring 1,224 promising and proven
anti-drug programs.  NCNE also provides direct technical assistance to applicants regarding the
development of their mission, goals, and objectives.
Drug Abuse Reduction Education (D.A.R.E.) (earmark)
Grantee:  D.A.R.E. America
FY99 Funding:  $1.75 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  D.A.R.E. is the nation's predominant school-based drug abuse and
violence prevention program.  It now involves more than 8,600 law enforcement agencies in
school systems across the country.   Federal funds support the development of the D.A.R.E.
curricula (K-12) and the operation of five D.A.R.E. regional training centers (RTCs) for new
D.A.R.E. officers.  This training includes: inservice training for instructors who work with and
train parents using the D.A.R.E. curriculum, junior and senior high school student training,
program development, and monitoring and technical assistance for agencies replicating the
program nationwide.  RTCs include the Arizona Department of Public Safety, Los Angeles Police
Department, Missouri State Highway Patrol, North Carolina State Bureau of Investigation, and the
Virginia Department of State Police
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Program
Grantee:   Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $750,000 for research and evaluation grants
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description:  Since 1987, NIJ has conducted quarterly interviews and drug tests with
arrestees in urban lock-ups.  The data play an important role in assembling the national picture of
drug abuse and have been a central component in studying the links between drug use and crime.
A national site management contractor and laboratory contractor provide support to sites for
interviewing, data management, and urinalysis.  The FY 1999 ADAM Research Grant offers an
opportunity to investigate questions around a wide range of issues--drug abuse and drug control
policy, criminal behavior and law enforcement, domestic violence and sexual assault, social
services and public health, job market and other economic concerns, methods of surveying drug
use, and other sensitive topics--using a research program provided by an established, ongoing,
federally supported and locally implemented data collection system involving the arrestee
population.
In 1999 ADAM will be operating in 35 sites.  Research sponsored through this solicitation will be
executed through data collection at the local sites.  Secondary analysis of existing ADAM data that
furthers methodological advancement may also be supported.  More information about the ADAM
program and this research grant opportunity is available on the ADAM Website at
www.adam.nij.nct.
Breaking the Cycle:  Demonstration and Evaluation
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $2.7 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This project is an evaluation of the Breaking the Cycle (BTC)
demonstrations funded by NIJ and ONDCP.  BTC is a comprehensive, coordinated program
designed to reduce substance abuse and criminal activity and improve the health and social
functioning of drug-involved offenders by combining drug treatment with criminal justice sanctions
and incentives.  BTC was first implemented in Birmingham, Alabama in 1996 and expanded in
1998 to the adult criminal justice systems in Jacksonville, Florida and Tacoma, Washington.  Lane
County (Eugene), Oregon has been invited to submit a proposal to participate under a separate
Juvenile Breaking the Cycle initiative.  The selection of an evaluation team for Lane County is
currently underway.
Residential Substance Abuse Treatment Evaluations
Grantees:  24 state and local partnerships
FY99 Funding:  $1.8 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and CPO
Eligibility:  Open (process evaluations); limited (outcome evaluations)
Project Description:  From FY 1997 and FY 1998 funding, NIJ and CPO are sponsoring 24 state-
level evaluations of residential, corrections-based substance abuse programs located in prisons
around the country.  FY 1999 funding will support additional process evaluations and supplements
for outcome evaluations at existing RSAT state partnership sites.
NIJ Investigator-Initiated Research Solicitation
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  Up to $300,000 each grant; number of awards varies each year
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The NIJ Investigator-Initiated Research Solicitation is a semi-annual
solicitation offering grants in amounts up to $300,000 in a number of areas intended to produce
research findings that contribute to NIJ's strategic research agenda.  The solicitation recently
funded the Vera Institute of Justice to conduct an evaluation of La Bodega de la Familia, a family
drug crisis center in lower Manhattan; the University of New Mexico to study drugs and alcohol
and their connections to domestic violence in Albuquerque; and the City University of New York
to study drug markets on the lower east side of Manhattan.  FY 1999 grant funds may also be used
to support substance abuse-related research projects.  Check NIJ's Website at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/ for the semi-annual announcement of the Investigator-Initiated solicitation.
Assessing Alcohol, Drug, and Mental Health Disorders
Grantee:  Northwestern University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project supplements an ongoing National Institute of Mental Health
study assessing alcohol, drug, and mental health disorders among juveniles in detention in Cook
County, Illinois. The project has three primary goals: 1) to determine how alcohol, drug, and
mental disorders develop over time among juvenile detainees; 2) to investigate whether juvenile
detainees receive needed psychiatric services after their cases reach disposition (and they are back
in the community or serving sentences); and 3) to study the development of dangerous and risky
behaviors.  The study is investigating how violence, drug use, and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors
develop over time, what the antecedents of these behaviors are, and how these behaviors are
interrelated. This project is unique because the sample is so large.  It includes 1,833 youth from
Chicago who were arrested and interviewed between 1996 and 1998.  The sample is stratified by
gender, race, age, and severity of charge.
Assessing the Needs and Monitoring Outcomes of Substance Abuse Treatment for Juvenile
Offenders
Grantee:  RAND Corporation
FY99 Funding:  $74,976
OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description: In partnership with RAND, Phoenix House--a nonprofit organization that runs
drug treatment and prevention programs for adults and adolescents (including criminal offenders)
in several states--is developing a system to routinely monitor each client's treatment process and
outcomes called PROMS.  The project will enhance development, implementation, and analysis of
this system to be able to monitor proximal outcomes for juvenile offenders in Phoenix House
programs; describe the characteristics of juvenile offenders in Phoenix House programs; and assess
the validity of juvenile treatment clients' self-reported data on criminal justice status and history.
Diffusion of State Risk and Protective Factor Focused Prevention
Grantee:  Social Development Research Group, University of Washington School of Social Work
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Since FY 1997, OJJDP has provided funds to the National Institute on Drug
Abuse to support this 5-year study of the public health approach to prevention, focusing on risk
and protective factors for substance abuse at the state and community levels. The study is
identifying factors that influence the adoption of the public health approach and assessing the
association between this approach and the levels of risk and protective factors and substance abuse
among adolescents. The study is also examining state substance abuse data gathered from 1988
through 2001 and using interviews to describe the process of implementing the epidemiological
risk and protective factor approach in Colorado, Kansas, Illinois, Maine, Oregon, Utah, and
Washington.
Evaluation of Bureau of Justice Assistance-funded Programs
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1.6 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and BJA
Project Description:  BJA has provided $1.6 million to NIJ to jointly support the evaluation of BJA
programs.  The 1998 solicitation sought applications to evaluate multijurisdictional task forces, a
toll-free drug abuse prevention information line, and drug testing programs.  In FY 1999, NIJ and
BJA will continue to collaborate on research funding opportunities in specific areas supported by
the Byrne Program.
Bureau of Justice Statistics Drug-Related Statistics
Grantees: Data collection agents, primarily the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description: BJS conducts numerous ongoing data collections on crime and the operation
of the justice system.  Many of these statistical series collect drug-related information, including:
   The Federal Justice Statistics program provides annual data on workload, activities, and case
  outcomes in the federal criminal justice system.  It collects detailed data on drug law violators
  in the federal justice system.
   The National Prisoner Statistics program produces annual and semiannual national and state-
  level data on the numbers of prisoners in state or federal prison facilities.  It collects
  information on admissions to and releases from state and federal prisons of those persons
  convicted of drug offenses and obtains data on persons under parole who were convicted of
  drug offenses.
   The Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics Survey collects data from
  over 3,000 agencies, including all those that employ 100 or more sworn officers and a
  nationally representative sample of smaller agencies.  Data are obtained on the drug-related
  programs of state and local police and sheriff agencies.
   The Census of Local Jails is conducted every five years and obtains a variety of information
  about jail populations and programs.  It collects data on inmate participation in drug and
  alcohol rehabilitation programs and drug testing for inmates and employees in the nation's jail
  facilities.
   The Prison Census is conducted every five to six years and provides detailed information on
  types of inmates, programs, staff characteristics, and facility conditions. It collects data on
  inmate participation in drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs and drug testing for inmates
  and employees in state and federal prison facilities.
   The National Judicial Reporting Program, conducted every two years, surveys a nationwide
  sample of felony trial courts to collect detailed information on demographic characteristics of
  felons, conviction offenses, type of sentences, sentence lengths, and amount of time from arrest
  to conviction and sentencing.  It provides information on adjudication and sentencing of drug
  offenders at the state level.
   The State Court Processing Statistics project provides data on the criminal justice processing
  of persons charged with felonies in 40 jurisdictions representative of the 75 largest counties.  It
  examines drug law violators' criminal histories and status at time of arrest, pretrial
  release/detention status, trial appearance, and type and length of sentence if convicted.
To access data from any of these programs, see the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/.
For More Information
The Drug Court Grant Program Guidelines and Application Kit is available through the
NCJRS Clearinghouse by calling toll-free at 1-800/851-3420 and on the DCPO homepage at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo.  The application deadline is March 1, 1999.  Funding for drug courts also
is available under the LLEBG and JAIBG programs described in Chapter 1.  Also see Chapter 1
for a description of the Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners (RSAT)
Formula Grant Program, which assists states and units of local government in developing and
implementing residential substance abuse treatment programs in correctional facilities.  The RSAT
application kit is available online at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/kits.htm.  Applications are due April 1,
1999.  Information about additional resources is available in Chapter 14.
OJJDP has a number of Congressional earmarks for substance-abuse related programs.  These are
described in Chapter 5.  Additional substance-abuse related training and technical assistance is
described in Chapter 13.
The following federal agencies also provide funding and other resources related to substance
abuse:
   The Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP) in the Executive Office of the White
  House coordinates the nation's drug control strategy.  ONDCP produces the National Drug
  Control Strategy, which guides the nation's anti-drug efforts and fosters cooperation among
  federal, state, and local entities.  For more information on ONDCP, visit ONDCP's Website at
  ww.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov or call  202/395-6618.  The ONDCP Clearinghouse can be
  reached by telephone at 1-800/666-3332.
   The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) of the U.S. Department of Health and
  Human Services' (HHS) National Institutes of Health conducts research and administers
  several grant programs relating to the study of drug abuse.  NIDA also produces support
  materials to teach children about the effects of drugs on the body.  For information on NIDA
  and its research programs, visit NIDA's Website at www.nida.nih.gov, or call 301/443-6036.
   National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) of HHS's National Institutes of
  Health supports and conducts biomedical and behavioral research on the causes,
  consequences, treatment, and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems. NIAAA
  also provides leadership in the national effort to reduce the severe and often fatal
  consequences of these problems.  For information on NIAAA, call the Office of
  Communications at 301/443-3860 or visit NIAAA's Website at www.niaaa.nih.gov.
   The Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP) provides national leadership in the
  federal effort to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug problems, which are linked to other
  serious national problems.  A division of HHS's Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
  Administration (SAMHSA), CSAP connects people and resources to innovative ideas and
  strategies and encourages efforts to reduce and eliminate alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug
  problems in the United States and abroad.  For more information on CSAP, call 301/443-0365
  or visit CSAP's Website at www.samhsa.gov/csap/.
   SAMHSA's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT) works with states,
  communities, health care providers, and national organizations to upgrade the quality of
  addiction treatment, to improve the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment programs, and
  to provide resources to ensure provision of services.  For more information on CSAT, call
  301/443-5700 or visit its Website at www.samhsa.gov/csat/.
   The Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program of the U.S. Department of Education is the
  federal government's primary vehicle for reducing drug, alcohol, and tobacco use and violence
  through education and prevention activities in our nation's schools.  To learn more about the
  Safe and Drug Free Schools Program, call 202/260-3954 or visit the program's Website at
  www.ed.gov/offices/OESE/SDFS/.
Chapter 4
Combating Family Violence
Overview
Not long ago, what happened within the home was considered to be a private, family matter
excluded from scrutiny by the public.  During the last two decades, there has been an increased
awareness of the seriousness of child abuse and neglect, spouse/intimate partner violence, and
elder abuse, not only as critical societal problems, but as crimes.  In addition, there is increasing
recognition of the often long-lasting and serious effects on children who witness violence, whether
or not they are the actual victims.  As a result, there has been an increase in the use of criminal and
civil processes to address family violence.  National incidence reports and research studies reveal
the dramatic increase in reports of family violence and the increasing societal interest in responding
to the problem.
The nature and extent of violence within the family is tragic and alarming.  The following statistics
and research findings suggest a continued burden and challenge to our society:
   The most recent National Incidence Study (NIS-3) by the National Center on Child Abuse and
  Neglect found there were 2.8 million cases of child maltreatment in the United States in 1996.
  This estimate indicates a rate of 41.9 children per 1,000 or 1 in 24--a significant increase over
  the 1.4 million cases known by the agencies surveyed in 1986.
   According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Children's Bureau, in 1996
  there were an estimated 1,077 fatalities resulting from child maltreatment in the 50 states and
  the District of Columbia.
   BJS data show that in 1996 women experienced an estimated 840,000 rape, sexual assault,
  robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault victimizations at the hand of an intimate
  partner, down from 1.1 million in 1993.  The percentage of female murder victims killed by
  intimates has remained at about 30 percent since 1976.
   According to a study conducted by the National Center on Elder Abuse, from 1986 to 1996
  there was a steady increase (over 150 percent)  in reports of domestic elder abuse nationwide.
  Most elder abuse victims are female, and many cases (almost 37 percent in 1996) involved
  adult children as abusers.
Based on our increasing understanding of the experiences of family violence victims, we know that
meaningful strategies for enhancing their safety require a coordinated response. Neither the
criminal justice system nor the social service sector alone can prevent family violence; the entire
community must be engaged.  For this reason, OJP encourages comprehensive efforts to create
and adopt locally responsive team approaches involving all segments of the community, including
child protective services, victim service providers, criminal and juvenile justice authorities, health
care providers, and organizations representing educators, researchers, businesses, members of the
clergy, and others who interact with families experiencing violence.  There must be collaboration
within and among all of these community partners.  Police officers, prosecutors, and judges must
work closely--not only with each other--but also with child protective services, victim service
providers, and health care providers to stop family violence.
The unique characteristics of family violence crimes demand that communities establish programs
and policies that go beyond usual practice.  The entire community needs to be engaged in efforts to
enhance family safety.  Further, experience suggests that policies, programs, and protocols will be
more effective and responsive to local needs if they are driven by actual data.  Therefore, it is
critical that jurisdictions place a high priority on collecting data and evaluating their programs to
ensure that their efforts are meeting the needs of the entire community.
The challenge that continues to face communities today is how to change cultural norms and
traditions that permit family violence to go undetected.  The entire community must convey the
message that family violence will not be tolerated.  State and local leaders need to capitalize on the
unique strengths and resources within their own communities to respond effectively.  OJP
recognizes that no single segment of the community can bear full responsibility for reducing and
preventing family violence.  The complexity of establishing and sustaining collaborative approaches
is daunting.  OJP is committed to assisting state and local jurisdictions in their continued efforts to
develop and implement coordinated responses to family violence, and in their efforts to coordinate
with not-for-profit service providers.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
Grantees: To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998
FY99 Funding:  $34 million
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
Eligibility: States, Indian tribal governments, and units of local government
Project Description:  Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies provide resources and support to help
state, local, and tribal governments treat domestic violence as a serious crime requiring the
coordinated involvement of the entire criminal justice system, including police, prosecutors, judges,
probation officers, and other court personnel to ensure the victim's safety.   With the resources
provided through this program, law enforcement agencies, prosecutors' offices, and the courts
collaborate with each other and with nonprofit, non-governmental victim service agencies to
develop and implement programs strengthening mandatory and pro-arrest policies.  Program goals
include:  implementing mandatory arrest or pro-arrest programs and policies, including policies for
violations of protection orders; improving tracking of cases involving domestic violence;
centralizing and coordinating responsibility for domestic violence cases in special units of police
officers, prosecutors, probation and parole officers, or judges; improving systems to ensure
communication among police, prosecutors, and the courts; strengthening legal advocacy services
for domestic violence victims; and educating judges and others to improve judicial handling of
cases.
Because OJP received more excellent applications than it was able to fund in FY 1998, new
applications will not be solicited for this program in FY 1999.  Instead, OJP will select from
jurisdictions that submitted applications in FY 1998 but were not funded.  Grantees funded in FY
1996 or 1997 received continuation funding in February 1999.
Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants
Grantee:  To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998
FY99 Funding:  $23 million
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Eligibility: Nonprofit organizations, either public or private, that provide legal services to victims
of domestic violence or that work with victims of domestic violence who have civil legal needs.
This includes law school legal clinics, legal aid or legal services programs, shelters for battered
women, and bar associations.  Applicants other than domestic violence victim advocacy
organizations are strongly encouraged to enter into a collaborative working relationship with a
nonprofit, nongovernmental domestic violence victim advocacy organization from the community
to be served.
Project Description: This program is designed to strengthen civil legal assistance for victims of
domestic abuse through innovative, collaborative projects that reach more battered women than
are currently being served and on a broader range of issues than are typically addressed.  Funds
may be used to support or provide direct legal services on behalf of domestic violence victims in
civil matters directly related to domestic violence, including: cases to obtain, modify, or enforce
civil protection orders; divorce or legal separation; spousal and child support; child custody and/or
visitation; administrative matters, such as access to benefits; housing and/or landlord-tenant
matters; and matters related to employment, including unemployment compensation proceedings.
The core components of projects supported through this grant program include training,
mentoring, and collaborative relationships.  Lawyers and legal advocates providing services to
battered women through this program are encouraged to obtain training and work with mentors
from respected domestic violence victim advocacy organizations within the community to be
served.  Nonlawyers must be fully supervised by attorneys in accordance with local bar rules.
Because OJP received far more excellent applications in FY 1998 than it was able to fund,
applications are not being solicited for this program in FY 1999.  Instead, OJP will select FY 1999
grant recipients from applications submitted in FY 1998 but not funded.  FY 1999 awards will be
made by April 30, 1999.
Safe Kids/Safe Streets
Grantees:  Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Heart of America United Way, Toledo
Hospital Children's Medical Center, Community Network for Children, Youth, and Families of
Chittenden County, National Children's Advocacy Center
FY99 Funding:  $2.7 million
OJP Sponsors: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP), Executive Office
for Weed and Seed (EOWS), and VAWO
Project Description: This demonstration program is designed to break the cycle of early childhood
victimization and later juvenile or adult criminality, and to reduce child and adolescent abuse and
neglect and resulting child fatalities.  The five sites are funded to restructure and strengthen the
criminal and juvenile justice systems to be more comprehensive and proactive in helping children
and adolescents and their families.  The program implements or strengthens coordinated
management of abuse and neglect cases by improving polices and practices in the criminal and
juvenile justice systems, and the child welfare, family services, and related systems.
Juvenile Justice Project (earmark)
Grantee:  Parents Anonymous, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This program enhances the Parents Anonymous mission to prevent child
abuse and neglect by developing an expanded capability within the Parents Anonymous network to
address the needs of high-risk families, with an emphasis on families of color.  Parents Anonymous
will also provide training and technical assistance to Safe Kids/Safe Streets and
SafeFutures sites on using a family-strengthening approach based on the principles of Parents
Anonymous and will help implement services and establish groups at those sites.
Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) National Grants Program
Grantee:  National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This program works to increase the number of abused and neglected children
who are represented by CASA volunteers; provides grants to CASA programs, community groups,
and courts for the development and expansion of CASA programs; and provides resources and
materials to enhance CASA program management and representation of children.  Also see
Chapter 11 for a description of the CASA Program Development for Native American Tribal
Courts project.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service at 1-800/851-3420.
S T O P Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grants
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: $8.21 million
OJP Sponsor: VAWO
Eligibility: Federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native governments
Program Description:  The Violence Against Women Act requires that 4 percent of the amount
appropriated each year for the S T O P Violence Against Women formula grants must be allocated
for grants to Indian tribal governments.  The S T O P Violence Against Indian Women
Discretionary Grant Program is described in full in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in Indian
Country.
Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $25 million
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Eligibility:  For the purposes of this program, the following 19 states are considered rural: Alaska,
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New
Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, and Wyoming.  Within
these 19 states, eligible applicants are: the state, local governments, other public entities, and
private entities.  Within any states other than the 19 listed above, only a state agency may apply for
funding on behalf of one or more of the rural jurisdictions defined as rural in that state.
Federally recognized American Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments also are eligible
applicants.  In addition, an individual tribal government, a consortium of tribal governments, and a
tribal government on behalf of a nontribal government organization may apply for funding through
this program.
Project Description:  The Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants
address the unique characteristics of rural communities and the additional hurdles faced by victims
living in these areas.  This program is designed to improve and increase services available to
women and children in rural areas by encouraging community involvement in developing a
coordinated response to domestic violence and child abuse.  Police, prosecutors, judges, nonprofit,
nongovernmental victim service agencies, and community organizations in rural jurisdictions are
required to collaborate in the development and implementation of programs to reduce and prevent
violence against women and children in rural communities.  Applications will be available from
VAWO in April 1999, and will be due by May 1999.  Awards will be made in July 1999.
Grants to Combat Violent Crimes Against Women on Campuses
Grantees:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $10 million
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Eligibility: Institutions of higher education
Project Description: For the first time in FY 1999, Congress appropriated $10 million for Grants to
Combat Violent Crimes Against Women on Campuses.  These grants will be awarded to higher
education institutions to work individually or in consortia consisting of campus personnel, student
organizations, campus administrators, security personnel, and regional crisis centers affiliated with
the institution, to develop and strengthen effective strategies to combat violent crimes against
women on campuses.  VAWO anticipates distributing an application kit in early June 1999, which
will provide more details and the deadline for submissions.
Judicial Oversight Demonstration Program
Grantee:  Limited Competition
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description:  The purpose of this program is to test the effectiveness of a coordinated
community approach involving strong judicial control and involvement, victim services for safety
and transition to a nonviolent environment, and state-of the-art batterer intervention in preventing
domestic violence.  Three to four current recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies will be
selected to receive supplemental demonstration funding in FY 1999.  In addition, NIJ will develop
an evaluation solicitation to be issued in FY 1999, funded under NIJ's Violence Against Women
Research Program.
Treatment for Batterers With Substance Abuse Problems (earmark)
Grantee:  WestCare
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will review an application from WestCare to
fund a treatment program for batterers with substance abuse problems.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Violence Against Women Resource Site on the World Wide Web
Grantee:  University of Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse
FY99 Funding:  $291,680
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: To disseminate information about violence against women as quickly and
widely as possible, VAWO awarded funds to the University of Minnesota to develop and maintain
a Violence Against Women Resource Website on the Internet.  The site provides immediate access
to technical assistance information about sexual assault and stalking.  Excerpts from VAWO's
Promising Practices Manual, which highlights innovative initiatives from around the country to
address sexual assault and stalking, also are available on the Violence Against Women Resource
Website. FY 1999 funding will continue these activities.  See Chapter 13 for additional information
about this project.
The VOICES Project: Violence Outreach and Intervention (earmark)
Grantee:  Nova Southeastern University, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  Part of BJA's Trauma Reduction Initiative, the VOICES Project provides
conflict resolution training for personnel who intervene in violent or chronic abuse situations.
VOICES combines alternative dispute resolution methods and therapeutic treatment, taking a
systemic approach to the individual by dealing with interpersonal violence in the context of the
family, health care system, law enforcement, and the community at large.
Expanded Violence Intervention Program (earmark)
Grantee:  Metropolitan Family Services, Chicago, Illinois
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: Through the Expanded Violence Intervention Program, Metropolitan Family
Services educates the community about the resources available to domestic violence victims,
providing outreach and linking victims and services as needed. The project is designed to improve
victims' satisfaction with the criminal justice system and to improve their access to the legal system
and social services.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Preventing Stalking
Grantee:  National Victim Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Victim Center will conduct focus groups for VAWO grantees
on developing coordinated responses to domestic violence victims in stalking cases.  In addition,
the National Victim Center will conduct site visits with grantees and coordinate a planning meeting
with national experts regarding stalking in domestic violence cases.
The STOP Violence Against Women Grants Technical Assistance Project
Grantee:  Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The STOP Violence Against Women Grants Technical Assistance Project
provides technical assistance on responding to violence against women to state administrators who
manage VAWO's STOP Formula Grants Program and subgrantees funded by the states.  The
project focuses on enhancing coordinated community responses to domestic violence, sexual
assault, and stalking.  Technical assistance is provided through regional workshops, site
consultations, conference calls, advocacy institutes, and the development and distribution of
resource materials.
Rural Technical Assistance Service Collaborative
Grantee:  Praxis International
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Victims of domestic violence in rural communities confront unique challenges,
including isolation and limited services.  Praxis International will develop materials and conduct
workshops for VAWO's rural grantees to enhance the safety of victims and their children in rural
communities.  Technical assistance will be provided through training institutes, teleconferences,
videoconferences, phone consultations, mentoring visits, and the development and distribution of a
newsletter and other information.
Issue-Oriented Focus Groups for Grantees
Grantee:  Vera Institute of Justice
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The Vera Institute of Justice will provide technical assistance to VAWO
grantees by coordinating focus groups on emerging domestic violence issues.  The Vera Institute
also will facilitate implementation of the Violence Against Women Act's full faith and credit
provision through the development of software for law enforcement officers responding to
domestic violence crimes.  In addition, the Vera Institute will assist grantees with the use of
technology in domestic violence cases.
Law Enforcement-Related Technical Assistance to Reduce and Prevent Violence Against Women
Grantee:  International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Law enforcement officers are often the first responders in domestic violence
cases, and their response affects victim safety and willingness to utilize the criminal justice system.
Victims of domestic violence whose abusers are law enforcement officers and victims whose
abusers stalk them across state or tribal lines confront particularly dangerous obstacles.  The IACP
will provide technical assistance through focus groups, model policies, and site visits to VAWO
law enforcement grantees regarding effective intervention in such cases.  The IACP will also
continue to distribute an educational pamphlet and train officers regarding enforcement of
protection orders across state and tribal lines.
Technical Assistance for Recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
Provider:  Battered Women's Justice Project
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The Battered Women's Justice Project will provide technical assistance to
recipients of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies to enhance criminal justice system responses to
domestic violence.  Delivery techniques will include workshops, advocacy institutes, onsite
technical assistance, teleconferences, demonstration projects, and curricula development.  A broad
range of issues will be addressed, including law enforcement strategies, coordinated community
responses to domestic violence, and community policing.
Enhancing the Response to Domestic Violence Through Public and Private Partnerships
Grantee:  Eastern Kentucky University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Domestic violence affects women in their communities and workplaces, as
well as in their homes.  Appropriate responses by the business community and by law enforcement
can enhance victim safety.  Eastern Kentucky University will work with VAWO
grantees to develop community policing strategies and partnerships with the business community
to improve services and safety for victims.
Professional Development Education for Law Enforcement
Grantee:  National Training Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Training Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence will provide
technical assistance to VAWO law enforcement grantees on effective responses to domestic
violence.  The project is designed to enhance collaboration between law enforcement departments
and victim advocacy organizations in order to improve victim safety.  Onsite technical assistance
will be provided, and training materials will be developed.
Effective Prosecution of Violence Against Women Cases
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: This project is designed to improve prosecutors' responses to domestic
violence, sexual assault, and stalking cases.  APRI will conduct workshops on stalking in rural
domestic violence cases, cultural issues in domestic violence cases, and sexual assault prosecution
strategies for new and advanced prosecutors.  Workshop participation is limited to VAWO
grantees.  APRI will also convene a focus group on collaboration among criminal justice
professionals and advocates for battered women and children.
Domestic Violence Prosecution Unit
Grantee:  Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA)
FY99 Funding:  $1.2 million
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: At the request of Congress, VAWO will continue to provide funding to
EOUSA to support enhancements to and/or expansion of the domestic violence prosecution unit in
the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia.
Crossing Borders: Regional Meetings to Facilitate Implementation of Full Faith and Credit
Grantee:  National Center for State Courts
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Center for State Courts will conduct five regional meetings for
VAWO grantees on enforcement of protection orders across state and tribal lines.  Jurisdictional,
technological, and operational issues related to implementing full faith and credit will be examined.
The National Center for State Courts also will produce educational materials and a full faith and
credit directory.
National Judicial Institute on Domestic Violence
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Judges have a tremendous impact on the lives of victims, perpetrators, and
children in domestic violence cases.  The National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
will conduct judicial institutes for VAWO grantees on topics such as judicial leadership and
activism, including ethical considerations; domestic violence, child protection, and juvenile court
interface; and emerging child custody and domestic violence issues; including both civil and
criminal tracks.  Community collaboration teams will also be trained on intervention in cases
involving domestic violence and child protective services.
Assisting Battered Immigrant Women: Community-Based Strategies
Grantee:  Family Violence Prevention Fund
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The Family Violence Prevention Fund will forge links among victim advocacy,
immigrant services, prosecution, and rural community-based organizations to improve responses to
battered immigrants and children in rural communities.  Additionally, the project will assess
cultural and social barriers faced by battered Asian immigrant women and battered Asian-
American women in same-sex relationships.  Culturally appropriate responses will be promoted
through workshops, focus groups, and curricula development.
Older Battered Women and Battered Immigrant Women: Enhancing Safety and Access to
Services for Underserved Populations
Grantee:  American Bar Association (ABA) Commission on Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Victim services providers and criminal justice professionals must understand
the unique needs of older battered women and battered immigrant women in order to provide
culturally appropriate services to all domestic violence victims.  The ABA Commission on
Domestic Violence will develop educational modules addressing ways in which service providers
can improve responses to battered immigrants and older battered women.  Workshops will be
delivered to VAWO grantees.
Enhancing the Response to Domestic Violence in African-American Communities
Grantee:  National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives will
provide technical assistance to VAWO grantees in developing community-driven collaborations
between police and African-American communities to strengthen responses to domestic violence.
Focus groups and regional meetings will be conducted with grantees.
Working with Women with Disabilities
Grantee:  National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Domestic violence victims with disabilities often confront obstacles when
seeking services from victim advocacy programs or the criminal justice system.  Criminal justice
professionals may not understand victims' needs or be able to communicate with them, and shelters
or agencies may be inaccessible.  The National Coalition Against Domestic Violence will conduct
pilot regional training sessions for VAWO grantees to assist victim service providers and criminal
justice professionals to improve their responses to women with disabilities.
Justice for Deaf Victims of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault
Grantee:  Abused Deaf Women's Advocacy Service (ADWAS)
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description: OVC funded ADWAS in 1998 to provide training and technical assistance to
deaf advocates in five communities, and assist them in replicating a culturally appropriate model of
services for Deaf, Deaf-Blind, and Hard-of-Hearing victims of domestic violence and sexual
assault.  The goal of the project is to ensure that these victims have access to needed services and
receive fair treatment and support from the criminal justice system and their communities.  During
the first phase of the project, ADWAS staff trained key leaders and provided onsite technical
assistance in each of the five cities.  FY 1999 funding will support training and technical assistance
in five additional cities.
Working with Religious Leaders to Address Domestic Violence
Grantee:  Center for the Prevention of Sexual and Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The Center for the Prevention of Sexual and Domestic Violence will provide
technical assistance to grantees on enhancing collaboration between secular and religious leaders to
combat violence against women.  A leadership training workshop will be held for VAWO grantees.
In addition, resource materials, including educational videos, will be updated and distributed.
Family Violence Intervention Model for Dental Professionals
Grantee:  University of Minnesota at Minneapolis
FY99 Funding:  $80,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: Dental professionals are uniquely positioned to identify victims of family
violence.  Research indicates that many injuries resulting from family violence are found in the head
and neck area.  Dentists and their staffs frequently have not been trained to intervene effectively
and sensitively with family violence victims.  OVC awarded funds to the School of Dentistry and
the Program Against Sexual Violence at the University of Minnesota to develop a comprehensive
education model for dentists and their ancillary staffs, including a videotape on family intervention.
This training was pilot-tested in Minnesota in October 1998.  During the project's second phase,
the grantee will enhance the training curriculum; develop a videotape on the detailed clinical
presentation of intentional injuries as a companion to the intervention videotape; conduct four
regional training workshops for dental professionals; and collaborate with dental professional and
educational organizations to disseminate the videotape and training nationwide.
State Coalition and Advocate Training
Grantee:  National Network to End Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Victim advocates play a critical role in enhancing victim safety and in assisting
victims to obtain effective relief from the criminal justice and civil legal systems.  The National
Network to End Domestic Violence will develop educational materials and training programs to
strengthen the skills of state and local battered women's advocates.  The project will also provide
leadership training for advocates who are women of color and for advocates working with
traditionally underserved communities.
Blueprints for Violence Prevention: Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee:  University of Colorado Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence
FY99 Funding:  $1.4 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This project will assist communities in replicating model programs that have
proven to be effective in reducing youth violence, delinquency, and substance abuse. Between
1996 and 1998, the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence (CSPV) conducted a review
of over 450 delinquency, drug, and violence prevention programs.   Ten programs met strict
scientific criteria and evaluation standards to quality as Blueprints for Violence Prevention. The
following Blueprints programs are related to family violence:
   Prenatal and Infancy Home Visitation by Nurses sends nurses to the homes of pregnant women
  who are predisposed to infant health and developmental problems to improve parent and child
  outcomes.  Nurse visitors work with families during the first two years after the birth of
  their first child.
   Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care is an effective alternative to residential treatment for
  adolescents exhibiting chronic delinquency and antisocial behavior. Youth receive  treatment
  while placed in supervised foster families for six to nine months.
   Multisystemic Therapy is an effective treatment for decreasing the antisocial behavior of
  violent and chronic juvenile offenders.  The program targets specific factors in each youth's and
  family's environment (family, peers, school, and neighborhood) that contribute to anti-social
  behavior to help parents deal effectively with their children's behavior problems.
   Functional Family Therapy is a short-term program designed to engage and motivate youth and
  families to change their communication, interaction, and problem-solving. It also helps families
  access external resources.
Children's Advocacy Center Program
Grantee:  National Children's Alliance
FY99 Funding:  $4.5 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This program has two purposes: to administer funding to develop and
strengthen children's advocacy centers (CACs) nationwide, and to provide training and technical
assistance program to state and local programs.  CACs are facility-based, multidisciplinary
programs that coordinate the investigation, prosecution, and treatment of child abuse cases to
improve offender accountability and enhance outcomes for the victims of child abuse and their
families.  The grantee works with the four regional CACs (see listing under New Programs) to
accomplish program goals and support communities interested in establishing CACs by providing
the funding and necessary technical consultation, resource material, and training.
Child Abuse Prosecution Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project supports programs of the National Center for the Prosecution of
Child Abuse (NCPCA).  The center works to improve the quality of child abuse prosecution by
assisting elected or appointed prosecutors at the local, state, and federal levels.  Major services for
prosecutors include training, technical assistance, and publications.
Court Appointed Special Advocates (CASA) for Abused and Neglected Children: Training and
Technical Assistance Program
Grantee:  National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: Project goals are to: increase the number of children served by CASA or
Guardian Ad Litem programs; promote and enhance the quality of volunteer representation for
children by assuring consistency, quality, and cultural sensitivity in CASA program management;
provide training for CASA program staff and volunteers through interdisciplinary training and
discussion of child abuse issues; support community outreach and volunteer recruitment efforts;
and provide resource development information to CASA programs.  Focus areas for training and
technical assistance include program development and management, volunteer recruitment and
retention, board development, resource development, and grant writing.
Education and Resources for Law Enforcement on Sexual Assault
Grantee:  National Center for Women and Policing
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Center for Women and Policing will train VAWO law
enforcement grantees to respond effectively to victims in sexual assault cases.  The National
Center for Women and Policing will also develop a training manual and a strategic plan for
delivering workshops on the appropriate investigation of sexual assault cases.
Understanding Sexual Violence: Update and Presentations of a Model Judicial Education
Curriculum and Adaptation and Pilots for Prosecutors
Grantee:  National Organization for Women's National Judicial Education Program
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The National Judicial Education Program will update and present its judicial
curriculum, Understanding Sexual Violence: The Judicial Response to Stranger and Nonstranger
Rape and Sexual Assault, to judicial grantees in four states.  After adapting the curriculum for
prosecutors,  two regional workshops for prosecutors will be conducted.  Participation in the
judicial and prosecution workshops will be limited to VAWO grantees.
Sexual Assault Coalition Resource-Sharing Project
Grantee:  The Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs
FY99 Funding:  $460,000
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: The Washington Coalition of Sexual Assault Programs--along with state
sexual assault coalitions in Illinois, Connecticut, Minnesota, and New York--will provide technical
assistance to enhance sexual assault coalitions' capacity to strengthen state and community
responses to sexual assault.  The project will encourage replication of promising practices to create
coordinated community responses to sexual assault.  Technical assistance will include telephone
consultation, regional meetings, and a national meeting of all sexual assault coalitions, and
distribution of resource materials.
Unheard Voices: Survivors of Sexual Assault
Grantee:  Project Face to Face/Bay Area Center for Art and Technology (BACAT)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Project Face to Face will expand community awareness and understanding of
sexual assault through a traveling art exhibit.  The project will create castings and oral histories of
sexual assault survivors, and showcase the exhibit in accessible sites.  The project will collaborate
with sexual assault coalitions and grantees to create supplemental educational materials for the
exhibit.
Full Faith and Credit Public Service Announcements
Grantee:  Pace Battered Women's Justice Center
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description:  The Violence Against Women Act requires states, tribes, and territories to
enforce valid protection orders across state and tribal lines.  Yet victims of domestic violence are
unaware of this protection.  Pace University's Battered Women's Justice Center will develop three
public service announcements to increase awareness of this full faith and credit provision.  The
public service announcements will target a broad national audience, as well as victims from
traditionally underserved communities, such as rural communities.
Prevention of Violence Against Women in Underserved Communities
Grantee:  The California Alliance Against Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: This project is designed to improve cultural and linguistic competency for
community-based organizations serving victims of domestic violence from diverse communities.
The California Alliance Against Domestic Violence will work directly with grantees to enhance
service provision.  Additionally, domestic violence intervention materials will be identified and
translated into other languages with assistance from community-based programs.
Technical Assistance for Organizations Serving Lesbian and Bisexual Victims of Violence
Grantee:  New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description: Domestic violence victims in same-sex relationships are often unable to obtain
appropriate services from law enforcement, other parts of the criminal justice system, or victim
advocacy organizations. The New York City Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project, in
collaboration with the National Coalition of Anti-Violence Projects, will provide technical
assistance to grantees to improve services for lesbians and bisexuals who have been victims of
sexual assault, stalking, and domestic violence.  Additionally, the project will collaborate with
national and local domestic violence and sexual assault organizations to enhance responses to
victims.
National Aging and Vulnerable Adults Clearinghouse
Grantee:  Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic Violence
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: VAWO
Project Description: Older women often face particular obstacles to obtaining assistance when they
are abused by spouses, partners, or caregivers.  The Wisconsin Coalition Against Domestic
Violence will provide technical assistance to VAWO grantees on elder abuse issues to enhance
responses by the criminal justice system and victim advocacy organizations to older abused
women.  In addition to onsite and telephone technical assistance, the Wisconsin Coalition Against
Domestic Violence also will develop and distribute written materials.
Followup to Workshop on Building Data Systems for Monitoring and Responding to Violence
Against Women
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description: On October 29-30, 1998, NIJ, BJS and the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention held a workshop on issues regarding data systems for monitoring and responding to
violence against women.  NIJ commissioned six papers for the meeting.  Plans are underway to
publish these papers.  Recommendations from the workshop may result in a joint project.
The Use of Technologies for Responding to Violence Against Women
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ's Office of Research and Evaluation and Office of Science and
Technology will jointly conduct a strategic planning meeting on this topic.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Solicitation for Research on Violence Against Women
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1.25 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in the separate solicitations.
Project Description:  This program will solicit research to:  develop knowledge on patterns of
psychological intimidation used by batterers to control women, such as actual or threatened abuse
of children and withholding economic support; expand our knowledge about groups known to be
at high risk for intimate violence, for example, women who have left abusive relationships; and
examine the courts' and social service systems' response to the complex needs of women who
have been subjected to multiple forms of abusive control. The solicitation will also draw upon the
National Academy of Sciences' reports entitled Understanding Violence Against Women and
Violence in Families: Assessing Prevention and Treatment Programs, as well as identified policy
needs.  In addition, researcher-practitioner partnerships will be included in this solicitation.
Solicitation for Program Evaluation on Violence Against Women
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations.
Project Description:  This solicitation will seek proposals to examine what is working to improve
the outcome of domestic/intimate partner violence and sexual assault cases and enhance safety for
women and their children.  Emphasis will be placed on justice system evaluation needs.
Researcher-Practitioner Partnerships: Evaluations of Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies for
Domestic Violence
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $625, 000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and VAWO
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations.
Project Description: In 1998, NIJ supported four projects that are conducting process evaluations
of specific programs or initiatives funded through the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
program..  These evaluations focused on specialized domestic violence courts; training,
tracking/monitoring, community safety audits, and services for victims; a centralized domestic
violence unit in a sheriff's department; and a domestic violence enhanced community response
team.  The FY 1999 program will build upon the FY 1998 program by supporting up to eight new
partnerships to conduct process evaluations under the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
program, which encourages states, Indian tribal governments, and units of local government to
treat domestic violence as a serious violation of criminal law.
Evaluation of Victim Programs and Services under Evaluations of the STOP Violence Against
Women Formula Grant Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $850,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and VAWO
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profit-making organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in the separate solicitations.
Project Description: This project will assess the impact of federal funding on nonprofit victim
services and advocacy programs funded through the STOP Violence Against Women Program.  A
scanning component will focus on documenting the number of victims and populations served, but
the bulk of the funds will assess program impact.
Evaluation of the Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $230,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and VAWO
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profitmaking organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations.
Project Description: This solicitation is aimed at research to evaluate the effectiveness of the
programs funded under VAWO's Civil Legal Assistance Program, which is designed to strengthen
direct civil legal assistance available to domestic violence victims.  The program provides an
opportunity for communities to examine the ways in which the legal needs of battered women are
met.  The purpose of the national evaluation is to provide feedback by:
1) documenting the range of activities and programs supported by the grants; 2) assessing the
accomplishments of grantees; 3) examining grantee planning and implementation efforts; and
4) developing a strategy for documenting long-term effects.
Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (ADAM) Research Grants Solicitation
Grantee: To Be Selected from Applications Submitted Early in FY 1999
FY99 Funding:  $250,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description: This solicitation seeks proposals that will use NIJ's ADAM research program
to conduct primary data collection or secondary data analysis using the ADAM system and to
foster research on the development of the ADAM program itself.  Policy issues to be investigated
include the links between drug use and domestic/intimate partner violence.  Program evaluations
may examine domestic/intimate partner violence and drug use either as a single program or as
separate coordinated programs.  Some $250,000 of the $750,000 available is set aside for research
on violence against women using ADAM data.  Additional information on the ADAM program can
be found in Chapter 3.
Evaluation of Parents Anonymous
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $300,000
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Eligibility: Public or private agencies or individuals capable of conducting a large, multi-site
evaluation.
Project Description: Parents Anonymous (PA) is a private, national organization providing support
to local voluntary groups of parents who wish to avoid or cease abusing their children.  PA
involves mutual support meetings facilitated by a volunteer parent leader and a volunteer
professional.  The proposed evaluation will be conducted in two phases. The first phase will
measure the operationalization of the theoretical premises, principles, best practices, and model of
the PA program.  In Phase II of the study, the various factors that contribute to the program's
effectiveness will be explored, and survey instruments will be developed to measure outcomes
related to both parents and their children.  Program outcomes and impacts will be measured using
the design and data collection instruments developed during Phase I.
NIJ and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cofunded Research Program
Grantees:  See Below
FY99 Funding:  $500,000 (total for all 3 projects)
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
NIJ is in year two of a 3-year joint program with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDCP).  The program consists of the following three research projects:
   Welfare Reform and Violent Victimization of Women
    Grantee: University of North Texas
    Project Description: This longitudinal project will continue investigating the reciprocal effects
  of change in the welfare system and domestic physical, sexual, and psychological abuse among
  a large multi-ethnic sample of low-income African-American, Mexican-American, and
  European-American women.  The project hopes to be able to identify what happens to women
  as welfare changes from a set of entitlement programs to time-limited assistance.  Data on
  alcohol consumption, suicide history, mental disorders, adverse stress effects, depression,
  help-seeking behavior, spousal homicide, partner violence, assaultive injuries, and sexual
  assault are being collected.
   Sexual and Intimate Violence Among High-Risk Mexican-American Females
    Grantee: University of Texas at San Antonio
    Project Description: The objective of this project is to develop a scientifically based
  understanding of sexual and intimate partner violence among high-risk Mexican-American
  adolescent females.  The study hopes to shed light on the etiology of sexual and intimate
  partner violence by examining such violence in samples of high-risk, gang-affiliated females in
  comparison with a representative sample of females who are not gang-affiliated and who
  demonstrate healthy family and academic functioning.
   Prevention of Sexual Assault Among High-Risk Women
    Grantee: University of Georgia
    Project Description: This project will evaluate a program designed to reduce the risk of
  revictimization of women who are previous victims of sexual assault.  The program to be
  tested includes psycho-education and training in identification of personal risk factors,
  problem-solving skills, and assertiveness in risky situations.  Participants are women who
  report at least one sexual victimization in adolescence and/or adulthood.  They are being
  assessed over a 24-month period for frequency and severity of victimization, self-efficacy,
  assertiveness, psychological adjustment, and physical and emotional abuse.
Evaluation of the Safe Kids/Safe Streets Project
Grantee:  Westat, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $300,000
OJP Sponsors:  OJJDP, EOWS, and VAWO
Project Description: This evaluation is designed to analyze and document the process of
community mobilization, planning, and collaboration that takes place as part of the Safe Kids/Safe
Streets project; to inform program staff of performance levels on an ongoing basis; and to
determine the effectiveness of the implemented program in achieving the goals of the Safe
Kids/Safe Streets initiative.  The Safe Kids/Safe Streets project is described below.
For More Information
The primary source of OJP funding for efforts to combat violence against women is VAWO's
STOP (Services, Training, Officers, Prosecutors) Violence Against Women Formula Grants.
STOP Formula Grants are awarded to states and territories to develop and strengthen the criminal
justice system's response to violence against women--including domestic violence, sexual assault,
and stalking--and to support and enhance services for victims.   VAWO sent an application kit to
the designated agency in each state and territory in November 1998.  Awards are expected to be
made by the end of February 1999.  For application kits and other information on VAWO
programs, see its Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/VAWO/.
Many of the programs described in other chapters of the Program Plan include components
relevant to family violence.  In particular, see Chapter 2, Empowering Communities to Address
Crime, and Chapter 11 for a description of initiatives to address violence against Native American
women.  Chapter 7, Protecting and Supporting Victims of Crime, also describes family violence-
related efforts, including the Deputy Attorney General's Children Exposed to Violence
Initiative. Also see Chapter 13 for a description of training and technical assistance for violence
against women efforts.
The Department of Health and Human Services is involved in a number of initiatives relating to
family violence, child abuse and neglect, and violence against women as a women's health issue.
HHS administers grants for women's shelters and related services, such as community outreach
and prevention and children's counseling.  Also, HHS provides grants to states for rape prevention
and education programs conducted by rape crisis centers or similar nongovernmental, nonprofit
entities.  For more information on HHS programs, call the HHS Office of Public Affairs at
202/690-7850 or visit the HHS Website at www.dhhs.gov.  HHS also operates the National
Domestic Violence Hotline, a 24-hour, toll-free service that provides crisis assistance and local
shelter referrals to callers from across the country.  The voice number is 1-800/799-SAFE, and the
TDD number for the hearing impaired is 1-800/787-3224.
VAWnet, the National Electronic Network on Violence Against Women, is a project of the
National Resource Center on Domestic Violence and the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic
Violence, with support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.  VAWnet is an
effort to enhance the work of state domestic violence and sexual assault coalitions and allied
national organizations through the use of electronic networking. More information on VAWnet is
available from the NRCDV at 1-800/537-2238 or by TTY at 1-800/553-2508.
Chapter 5
Addressing Youth Crime
Overview
After a 60 percent increase in juvenile arrests for violent crime between 1988 and 1994, the rate
has finally begun to decline over the past several years.  Between 1994 and 1997, juvenile violent
crime arrests decreased by 23 percent.  Most notable are trends in the juvenile arrest rate for
murder.  After doubling between 1987 and 1993, juvenile arrests for murder dropped by more than
40 percent between 1993 and 1997.  Yet, rarely a day goes by without a dramatic news story
about another episode of youth violence.  And last year's spate of school shootings reminds us that
much remains to be done to prevent young people from resorting to violence and to ensure that
violent juveniles receive appropriate interventions.
While about 5 percent of youth with a juvenile record are chronic and violent offenders, most
juvenile offenders are simply kids with too much idle time, too little positive adult supervision, and
too few healthy role models.  Add to this the ready availability of guns and drugs, the more than a
million cases of child abuse and neglect each year, parents without parenting skills, and inadequate
attention to children with special education and mental health needs, and we can begin to
understand some of the factors that contribute to juvenile crime.
With so many risk factors for young people today, we know that there is no magic formula that
will cure the problem of juvenile crime overnight.  But experience and research are pointing to a
number of effective responses to reduce youth crime, starting with the earliest stages of life: good
prenatal care, nurse home visitation programs for newborns at risk of abuse and neglect, steps to
strengthen parents' skills for dealing with crises, and initiatives to prepare children for school.
These initiatives build the foundation for law-abiding lives for children and interrupt the cycle of
violence that can turn abused or neglected children into delinquents.
We also know what works to prevent crime among older children.  Studies show that more than
50 percent of violent juvenile crime occurs afterschool--between 3 p.m. and 8 p.m.  Providing
activities for youth in the afterschool hours and on weekends can reduce youth crime.  Boys and
Girls Clubs and well-designed mentoring programs, such as Big Brothers/Big Sisters, can reduce
juvenile alcohol and drug use, improve school performance, and prevent youth from getting
involved in crime and violent behavior.
At the same time, we need to couple these effective prevention programs with a juvenile justice
system that takes quick, effective steps with young people as soon as they come to the attention of
police, juvenile courts, or social service agencies.  A strong juvenile justice system assesses the
danger youth pose, determines what can help pull them back from the edge of a life of crime,
delivers appropriate treatment, and "sticks with" these kids when they return to the community to
keep them on course.  A strong system also appropriately identifies those juveniles beyond its
reach and ensures their criminal prosecution and incapacitation.
Yet too many young people are falling through the cracks.  Programs designed to serve children,
families, and communities too often lack the resources to get involved early enough to successfully
intervene with youth heading down the wrong path.  Low levels of funding allow service providers
and juvenile justice practitioners only to react to kids in crisis, and not address the underlying
symptoms in a thoughtful, consistent, and sustained manner that will make a real difference.
Despite these problems, significant progress in addressing juvenile crime is being made.  Many
states have enacted legislation to address serious youth crime and violence using an accountability-
based approach to deal with these young offenders.  In addition, with OJJDP assistance, many
communities are implementing OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for Serious, Violent, and Chronic
Juvenile Offenders, to pull together all the resources in a community to address this problem.  All
sectors--families, communities, public and private organizations, and government at every level--
increasingly recognize that they have a role and a stake in helping youth become productive
members of our society.  And although the tragedy of school shootings is overwhelming, our
nation has responded by initiating a serious dialogue about how best to strengthen the juvenile
justice system and make it more effective in preventing youth violence, intervening with serious
juvenile offenders, responding to victims, and, perhaps most importantly, protecting the public.
Preventing delinquency and reducing youth violence continues to be a high priority for the
Attorney General and for OJP.  As the juvenile justice system in this country celebrates its 100th
anniversary in 1999, the OJP bureaus and offices will continue to work in partnership with state
and local officials, national youth-serving organizations, and others to respond to this tremendous
challenge.
Continuation Programs
The following projects will be conducted by current and already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
The Chicago Project for Violence Prevention
Grantee:  University of Illinois School of Public Health
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description:  The Chicago Project for Violence Prevention is a citywide, long-term effort
to reduce violence. Objectives include reductions in homicide, physical injury, disability, and
emotional harm from assault, domestic abuse, sexual abuse, rape, and child abuse and neglect. A
partnership among the Chicago Department of Public Health, the Illinois Council for the
Prevention of Violence, the University of Illinois, and Chicago communities, the project began in
1995 with joint funding from OJJDP, BJA, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the
National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, and the U.S. Department of Housing and
Urban Development. The project provides technical assistance to a variety of community-based
and citywide organizations involved in violence prevention planning.
Home Visitation
Grantee:  University of Colorado Health Services Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This program provides nurse home visitation to expectant mothers and
mothers of preschool children in five Operation Weed and Seed sites and one SafeFutures site.
The program has three major goals: (1) to prepare clear, comprehensive home visitation materials
to facilitate dissemination of the program; (2) to demonstrate the program in the six sites and
provide technical support and training to local staff; and (3) evaluate the program, focusing on the
dissemination process.
Boys & Girls Clubs of America (earmark)
Grantee:  Boys & Girls Clubs of America (B&GCA)
FY99 Funding:  $40 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  Targeting areas where children are most disadvantaged, B&GCA provides at-
risk boys and girls with a full and fair opportunity to lead productive and meaningful lives. Clubs
accomplish this core objective by providing a safe haven from the negative influences of the street;
providing guidance, discipline, and values modeled on caring adult leaders; constructive youth
development activities and programs in supervised supportive environments; access to
comprehensive, coordinated services that meet the complex needs of at-risk youth; educational
support, increased awareness of career options, and goal-setting skills; comprehensive violence
prevention initiatives; and by providing youth a vision of what life beyond public housing and other
bleak circumstances may hold.
TeenSupreme Career Preparation Initiative
Grantee:  Boys & Girls Clubs of America
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (in partnership with the U.S. Department of Labor's Employment and
Training Administration)
Project Description:  This initiative provides employment training and other related services to at-
risk youth through local Boys & Girls Clubs with TeenSupreme Centers. In FY 1998, Department
of Labor funds supported program staffing in the existing 41 TeenSupreme Centers, provided
intensive training and technical assistance to each site, and provided administrative and staffing
support to this program from the national office. OJJDP funds supported the evaluation
component of the program, which is to be implemented by an independent evaluator.
Proactive Youth Program
Grantee:  University of New Mexico Regents
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The New Mexico Police Activities League (PAL) is implementing a statewide
prevention project consisting of recreational, educational, and cultural activities for at-risk youth
between the ages of 5 and 18 and their families.  The Albuquerque PAL will provide the initial
model for the organization and implementation of the New Mexico PAL project. Local PAL
programs will be initiated in at least 12 other New Mexico communities.  The overall goal of the
project is to reduce negative behavior and promote healthy behavioral patterns among New
Mexico's youth by providing activities that unite youth with law enforcement officers, educators,
and other positive adult role models.
A Demonstration Afterschool Program
Grantee:  University of New Mexico Regents
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: Known as Estrella, this project is designing and evaluating a pilot afterschool
program to reduce juvenile delinquency and increase educational retention at Gadsden Independent
School District in Dona Ana County, New Mexico. Through a curriculum of hands-on science and
reading projects and supervised recreation, Estrella will provide a constructive alternative to
afternoons of unsupervised free time. New Mexico Mathematics, Engineering, Science
Achievement (NM MESA) will provide the academic component of the program. Middle school
students will mentor elementary students in a highly interactive learning environment developed
through the use of the nationally recognized MESA curriculums. The New Mexico Police Athletic
League (PAL) will provide a sports component to round out the program, and the University of
New Mexico's Institute for Social Research will evaluate it.
The SAGE Project and PRIDE Center Afterschool Program
Grantee:  Springfield College
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The SAGE project is continuing a program to prevent and reduce juvenile
delinquency and school violence. The long-term goal of the PRIDE Center is to provide a
comprehensive year-round juvenile delinquency prevention and intervention program that supports
the SAGE project as a whole.  This project enables the collaborating organizations to:
1) expand and enhance adult-mentored and supervised, structured educational opportunities for
court-involved and high-risk youth; 2) involve additional city agencies and community-based
organizations through the PRIDE Center; and 3) continue to evaluate and disseminate findings on
the project's success for replication in other urban areas.
Building Blocks for Youth
Grantee:  Youth Law Center.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The goals of this initiative are to protect minority youth in the justice system
and promote rational and effective juvenile justice policies. These goals are accomplished by:
(1) conducting research on issues such as the impact of new state laws on minority youth and the
implications of privatization of juvenile facilities by profit-making corporations; (2) undertaking an
analysis of decision-making in the justice system and development of model decision-making
criteria that reduce or eliminate disproportionate impact on minority youth; (3) building a
constituency for change at the national, state, and local levels; and (4) developing communication
strategies to disseminate information.  A fifth component--direct advocacy for minority youth--is
funded by other sources, not by OJJDP.
Intensive Treatment Family Programs
Grantee:  KidsPeace National Centers for Kids in Crisis of North America
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  KidsPeace provides individualized foster care to seriously disturbed children
and adolescents in a therapeutic family setting. With OJJDP funding, KidsPeace is expanding its
program to additional sites.  KidsPeace has established four sites (Union, New Jersey; Orchard
Park and Albany, New York; and Muncie, Indiana) and a fifth site is currently under development.
Insular Area Support
Grantees:  U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern
Mariana Islands
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This statutorily required program provides support to the U.S. Virgin Islands,
Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands to address the
special needs and problems of juvenile delinquency in these insular areas, as  provided by Section
261(e) of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974, as amended [42 U.S.C. 
5665(e)].
Operation Weed and Seed
Grantee:  State and local governments and nonprofit organizations
FY99 Funding:  $33.5 million, with an additional $6.5 million from surplus asset forfeiture funds
OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS)
Project Description:  Several elements of Operation Weed and Seed (described in Chapter 2) have
a youth focus.  For example, all Weed and Seed sites are required to have one or more safe havens
to provide after-school tutoring and recreation.  Weed and Seed sites are encouraged to apply for
funding under Weed and Seed Special Emphasis Initiatives in areas with a youth focus, including:
truancy prevention, conflict resolution, justice innovations, jobs for at-risk youth, anti-gang
programs, prevention through the arts, and mentoring.  Sites are also given the option of
implementing a Drug Education For Youth (DEFY) program a 1-week summer camp followed by
mentoring over the following year.  DEFY is a collaborative effort involving the U.S. Attorney's
Office and a military partner.  In addition, EOWS and OJJDP will continue to work together to
implement joint projects, such as Safe Kids/Safe Streets, Home Visitation, and Truancy
Prevention.  For a full description of Operation Weed and Seed, see Chapter 2.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the
mailing list.
Diversion and Mediation Services (earmark)
Grantee:  Lincoln-Lancaster Mediation Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  At the request of Congress, BJA will consider funding a project that provides
diversion services to youth offenders and mediation services for offenders and victims of crime.
Developing Mentors for Safety
Grantee:  Peace Games
FY99 Funding: $90,000
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  Peace Games, Inc., a nonprofit organization, will give young adults the
opportunity to become actively involved in public safety and public service efforts by training them
to mentor at-risk youth.  By providing these mentors with the knowledge and skills to incorporate
peace and justice into their instruction, interaction, and values, both the mentors and at-risk youth
are more likely to strive for peace and justice inside and outside the classroom.
New OJJDP Programs
The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act requires OJJDP to publish for public
comment a Proposed Comprehensive Plan describing the programs it proposes to conduct each
year, and then, taking into consideration the comments received, publish a Final Comprehensive
Plan.  For FY 1999, OJJDP is considering funding competitive programs in the following broad
topic areas: information dissemination; training and technical assistance in the area of jobs and
vocational training for juveniles involved in the justice system; effective use of information sharing
and design and implementation of management information systems by juvenile justice
practitioners; child abuse and neglect and dependency courts (transitions from foster care to
independent adult living, capacity-building to enable community-based organizations to respond
appropriately to abused and neglected children, and evaluation of children's advocacy centers); a
partnership with the U.S. Department of Education to sponsor a center for students with learning
disabilities in the juvenile justice system; community justice and balanced and restorative justice
approaches to enhance the effectiveness of the juvenile justice system; mental health issues (general
and managed mental health care for juvenile justice system-involved juveniles and increased
knowledge of risk factors involved in suicide by juveniles in custody); risk and needs assessments;
positive growth experiences for youth (e.g., arts programs in detention, afterschool programs
targeted at high risk youth, and model recreation and parks programs); the Interstate Compact on
Juveniles; and research and demonstration programs focusing on the needs of at-risk female
juveniles and girls involved in the juvenile justice system.  More definitive information on FY 1999
OJJDP programs will be published in its Final Comprehensive Plan after public comments have
been received and considered.
A Final OJJDP Program Plan describing FY 1999 initiatives will be published in the Federal
Register and will be available from OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org or by calling the
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse at 1-800/638-8736.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Partnerships for Preventing Violence
Grantee:  Harvard University School of Public Health
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (with the Departments of Education and Health and Human Services)
Project Description:  This program continues an interagency agreement to provide support for
long-distance training using satellite videoconferencing.  The project supports a series of six live,
interactive satellite training broadcasts that focus on violence prevention programs and strategies
that have proven promising or effective. The training is targeted to school and community violence
prevention personnel, health care providers, law enforcement officials, and other service providers
representing a variety of community-based and youth-serving organizations. To date, two events
have been held; the third telecast is scheduled for April 16, 1999.  For further information, contact
Frank Porpotage at OJJDP at 202/616-3634 or via E-mail at Frank@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Hate Crime Prevention
Grantee:  Education Development Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (in partnership with the U.S. Department of Education)
Project Description:  Under an OJJDP grant, the Education Development Center (EDC) developed
Healing the Hate, a multipurpose curriculum for hate crime prevention in middle schools and other
classroom settings. OJJDP expanded this grant to allow EDC to provide training and technical
assistance to youth, educators, juvenile justice and law enforcement professionals, representatives
of local public/private community agencies and organizations, and the faith community.  EDC will
expand its training and technical assistance to new sites and further disseminate the products
through the education and juvenile justice networks. In addition, EDC will provide onsite, short-
term technical assistance to practitioners interested in hate crime issues and assist state juvenile
justice agencies to formulate hate crime prevention components for their juvenile delinquency
prevention plans.  For more information, contact Karen McLaughlin at 617/969-7100 or by E-mail
at KarenM@EDC.org.
National Center for Conflict Resolution Education
Grantee:  Illinois Institute for Dispute Resolution
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (with the Department of Education)
Project Description: The center works to integrate conflict resolution education (CRE)
programming into all levels of education in schools, juvenile facilities, and youth-serving
organizations. In FY 1998, OJJDP entered into a partnership with the U.S. Department of
Education to expand and enhance this project. The grantee provides training and technical
assistance through onsite training and consultation for teams from schools, communities, and
juvenile facilities; by providing resource materials, including the guide to implementing conflict
resolution programs; and by partnering with state-level agencies to establish state training institutes
and otherwise build local capacity to implement successful CRE programs for youth. The center
also facilitates peer-to-peer mentoring.  For further information, contact Donna Crawford at
217/384-4118 or via E-mail at IIDR@aol.com.
Communities In Schools (CIS)--Federal Interagency Partnership
Grantee:  Communities In Schools, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: CIS, Inc. will continue to provide training and technical assistance to help
states and local communities implement its national school dropout prevention model.  The model
provides social, employment, mental health, drug prevention, entrepreneurship, and other
resources for high-risk youth and their families in the school setting.  Where they exist, CIS state
organizations assume primary responsibility for local program replication under the Federal
Interagency Partnership.  For further information, contact Peter Bankson at 703/519-8999 or by
E-mail at CIS@cisnet.org.  CIS also has a Website at www.cisnet.org.
National Youth Gang Center
Grantee:  Institute for Intergovernmental Research
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The National Youth Gang Center (NYGC) provides support services to the
National Youth Gang Consortium, which is composed of several federal agencies.  NYGC also
works to expand and maintain the body of critical knowledge about youth gangs and effective
responses for dealing with gang activity, and provides technical assistance for OJJDP's Rural Gang
Initiative.  With FY 1999 funding, NYGC will conduct more in-depth analyses of the National
Youth Gang Survey results that track changes in the nature and scope of the youth gang problem
and continue its efforts to foster integration of gang-related questions into relevant surveys and
national data collection efforts.  For more information, access the NYGC Website at
www.iir.com/nygc or call toll-free at 1-800/466-0912.
Gang Prevention Through Targeted Outreach
Grantee:  Boys & Girls Clubs of America
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The Boys and Girls Clubs of America will continue to provide training and
technical assistance to local gang prevention and intervention sites, including some at SafeFutures
and OJJDP Comprehensive Gang sites. The project includes funds for local clubs to implement the
Targeted Outreach program.  A national evaluation of this program also is being conducted by
Public/Private Ventures.
Training and Technical Assistance for the Rural Gang Initiative
Grantee:  National Youth Gang Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The National Youth Gang Center provides training and technical assistance to
demonstration sites under OJJDP's Rural Gang Initiative. In FY 1999, training and technical
assistance will continue to be provided to those sites chosen to implement the OJJDP
Comprehensive Gang model. Training and technical assistance will focus on adapting the OJJDP
model to rural jurisdictions and on implementing the model in a theoretically sound manner.
Assistance will be delivered through onsite visits, conferences, meetings, and other means, such as
telephone and electronic media.
Technical Assistance for State Legislatures
Grantee:  National Conference of State Legislatures
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Since FY 1995, OJJDP has awarded annual grants to the National
Conference of State Legislatures to provide relevant, timely information on comprehensive
approaches in juvenile justice to aid state legislators in improving state juvenile justice systems.
Nearly every state has enacted, or is considering, statutory changes affecting the juvenile justice
system. This project has helped policy makers understand the ramifications and nuances of juvenile
justice reform.  The project also supports increased communication between state
legislators and state and local leaders who influence decision-making regarding juvenile justice
issues.
Training and Technical Assistance for Family Strengthening Programs
Grantee:  University of Utah Department of Health Education
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: Under this cooperative agreement, the University of Utah Department of
Health Education (DHE) will continue to provide training and technical assistance to communities
interested in establishing or enhancing a continuum of family strengthening efforts. After a
literature review, the grantee convened regional training conferences to showcase selected
exemplary and promising family strengthening programs; developed a process for sites to receive
follow-up training on specific program models; conducted program-specific workshops; produced
and then updated user and training-of-trainers guides; and distributed videos of several family
strengthening workshops. The grantee's technical assistance delivery system and the overall impact
of the project are being assessed.  In FY 1999, this program will expand its surveys and research
on effective practices and assist in replication of identified programs.
Title V Technical Assistance
Contractor:  Developmental Research and Programs, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This contract provides training to help states implement OJJDP's Title V
Community Prevention Grants program.  The training provides information to key community
leaders on data-based effective delinquency prevention strategies and ways to assess risk factors
and resources in their communities. The project also seeks to increase the capacity of states to
conduct data-based risk and resiliency focused training after federal support ends.
Telecommunications Assistance
Grantee:  Eastern Kentucky University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  OJJDP uses information technology and long-distance training to facilitate
access to information and training for juvenile justice professionals. This cost-effective medium
enhances OJJDP's ability to share with the field salient elements of the most effective or promising
approaches to various juvenile justice issues. In FY 1995, OJJDP awarded a competitive grant to
Eastern Kentucky University (EKU) to produce live satellite teleconferences.
EKU will continue to provide program support and technical assistance through a variety of
information technologies, including cybercasting "live" satellite videoconferences on the Internet.
Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse
Contractor:  Aspen Systems Corporation
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: A component of the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS),
the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse (JJC) collects, synthesizes, and disseminates information on all
aspects of juvenile justice. JJC serves the juvenile justice community, legislators, the media, and the
public. JJC offers toll-free telephone access to information; prepares specialized responses to
information requests; produces, warehouses, and distributes OJJDP publications; exhibits at
national conferences; maintains a comprehensive juvenile justice library and data base; and
administers several electronic information resources.  JJC can be reached by calling toll-free at
1-800/638-8736 or through the NCJRS Website at www.ncjrs.org.
Juvenile Justice Resource Center
Contractor:  Aspen Systems Corporation
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Through this contract, Aspen Systems Corporation provides technical
assistance and support to OJJDP, its grantees, and the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice
and Delinquency Prevention in the areas of program development, evaluation, training, and
research.  With assistance from expert consultants, the Juvenile Justice Resource Center (JJRC)
coordinates the peer review process for OJJDP grant applications and grantee reports, conducts
research and prepares reports on current juvenile justice issues, plans meetings and conferences,
and provides administrative support to various federal councils and boards.  JJRC also assists
OJJDP with research to prepare congressionally mandated studies and other reports.
Safe Gun Storage Media Campaign
Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council
FY99 Funding: $350,000
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) and OJJDP
Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council, working in conjunction with BJA,
OJJDP, the Department, and The Advertising Council, Inc., will work to develop new programs in
at least 200 communities to teach gun owners about responsible ownership and keeping illegal
guns out of the hands of juveniles. BJA and OJJDP will provide funding ($175,000 each) to initiate
research for the development of a Safe Gun Storage public service advertising media campaign.
This air and print media campaign will promote personal responsibility among gun owners by
showing them that reasonable measures can and should be taken to secure weapons in the home.
The projected release date for the media campaign is April-May 2000.
Youth As Resources Program
Grantee: Chicago Area Project
FY99 Funding: $150,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This award will support the expansion of the Chicago Area Project's Youth
As Resources program. BJA funds will be used to develop and sustain local partnerships with
community organizations, local law enforcement, and juvenile courts; to provide technical
assistance to other jurisdictions; and to create a Youth As Resources implementation guide for
public housing communities.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Program of Research on the Causes and Correlates of Delinquency
Grantee:  Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado at Boulder; Western Psychiatric
Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh; and Hindelang Criminal Justice Research Center,
State University of New York-Albany
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Since 1986, this longitudinal study has addressed a variety of issues related to
juvenile violence and delinquency and has produced a wealth of information on the causes and
correlates of delinquent behavior.  The three grantees pursue both collaborative research efforts
and site-specific research. Results from the study have been used extensively in the field of juvenile
justice and contributed significantly to the development of OJJDP's Comprehensive Strategy for
Serious, Violent, and Chronic Juvenile Offenders and other program initiatives.
National Academy of Sciences Study of Juvenile Justice
Grantee:  National Academy of Sciences
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (with the U.S. Department of Education)
Project Description: The National Academy of Sciences is drawing upon expertise in the scientific
and practitioner communities to synthesize scientific research and expert opinion regarding the
prevention, treatment, and control of juvenile crime. Following an examination of empirical and
clinical research on the origin of and pathways to youth violence and justice system treatment of
juveniles, the review will be supplemented by two workshops and site visits to selected programs.
These activities will help to identify:  1) the elements of settings, with a particular emphasis on
family and school, that inhibit or contribute to the ways in which serious delinquency develops;
2) juvenile and criminal justice system concerns regarding the shifts in youth crime prevention and
control policies; and 3) juvenile violence and policing practices in public and federally assisted
housing. The study will identify key elements of current efforts and policies that appear to either
contribute to or inhibit the development of effective interventions and control mechanisms for
youth violence and delinquency.
Intergenerational Transmission of Antisocial Behavior Project
Grantee:  SUNY Research Foundation
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (with the National Institute of Mental Health)
Project Description:  The project is examining the development of antisocial behavior and
delinquency in children who were the subject of research under the Rochester Youth Development
Study.  The Rochester study was a part of OJJDP's Program of Research on the Causes and
Correlates of Delinquency.  By age 21, 40 percent of the original Rochester subjects were parents.
This project provides a unique opportunity to examine and track the development of delinquent
behavior across three generations in a particularly high-risk sample.
Multi-site, Multi-modal Treatment Study of Children With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity
Disorder
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  In 1992, NIMH began a study of the long-term efficacy of stimulant
medication and intensive behavioral and educational treatment for children with attention
deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although ADHD is classified as a childhood disorder, up to
70 percent of affected children continue to experience symptoms in adolescence and adulthood.
The study will continue through 2000 and will follow the original families and a comparison group.
OJJDP's participation will allow for investigation into the subjects' delinquent behavior and
contact with the legal system, including arrests and court referrals.
The National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project supports the second round of data collection under the National
Longitudinal Survey of Youth 97, a study of school-to-work transition in a nationally
representative sample of 8,700 youth ages 12 to 16 years old. BLS is also collecting data on the
involvement of these youth in antisocial and other behavior that may affect their transition to
productive work careers. This survey provides information about risk and protective factors
related to the initiation, persistence, and desistance of delinquent and criminal behavior.
Risk Reduction Via Promotion of Youth Development
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Mental Health
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP (with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National
Institute on Drug Abuse)
Project Description: Also known as Early Alliance, this program is a large-scale prevention study
involving hundreds of children in several elementary schools in lower socio-economic
neighborhoods in Columbia, South Carolina.  The project is designed to promote coping-
competence and reduce risk for conduct problems, aggression, substance use, delinquency and
violence, and school failure beginning in early elementary school. Children are being followed
longitudinally throughout the five years of the project.  The program is conducted through an
NIMH grant to the University of South Carolina.
Study Group on Very Young Offenders
Grantee:  University of Pittsburgh Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This program is exploring what is known about the prevalence and frequency
of very young (under the age of 13) offending.  The University of Pittsburgh is examining whether
such offending predicts future delinquent or criminal careers; how these youth are handled by
various systems including juvenile justice, mental health, and social services; and what methods are
best for preventing very young offending and persistence of offending.
Dreams, Drugs, and Gangs: The Interplay Between Adolescent Violence and Immigration in a
New York City Neighborhood
Grantee:  Vera Institute of Justice
FY99 Funding:  $48,786
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description:  This project is studying 25 first- and second-generation immigrant youth in a
Dominican neighborhood in New York City. The goal of the project is to document how the
immigrant experience affects the amount of violence youth encounter as witnesses, victims, and
perpetrators. Data obtained through participant observation, field notes, and youth and parent
interviews will be analyzed using qualitative methods to identify themes pertaining to danger,
safety, and crime, as well as patterns of violence and ways in which these are related to family and
neighborhood organization. The relationship between immigration and youth violence will be
explored, including phenomena, such as circular migration, levels of acculturation, and coping
strategies. In addition, the project will examine geo-coded crime data from this community and
compare them with participants' perceptions of safe and dangerous neighborhoods.
Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) Evaluation
Grantee:  University of Nebraska-Omaha
FY99 Funding:  $125,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This project will continue to support the longitudinal evaluation of the Gang
Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program managed by the Bureau of Alcohol,
Tobacco, and Firearms. The evaluation will assess the instruction of GREAT officers and the
effectiveness of GREAT in terms of attitudinal and behavioral consequences on students. There
will be onsite observation of officer training programs and administration of questionnaires to
students, parent/caretakers, and school and police personnel. There also will be site-specific
reports, including case studies of program implementation.
Survey of School-Based Gang Prevention and Intervention Programs
Grantee:  Gottfredson Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This project is classifying and describing approaches used by schools to
prevent or reduce gang involvement among students in a large sample of urban, suburban, and
rural schools. In addition, a search and review of activities undertaken by states to identify and
evaluate school-based gang prevention and intervention programs will be completed. Based on a
review of programs identified in a national survey currently under way, a small number of
promising programs will be examined more closely and described. Technical reports will describe
the full range of gang prevention and intervention efforts currently being implemented in the
United States, and will compare program types and quality of implementation across different
school levels and locations. A report will highlight promising programs and practices and include
guidelines on program development.
Safe Schools/Healthy Students Research and Evaluation
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: NIJ with other federal agencies
Project Description: NIJ will seek proposals to identify effective, promising, or innovative
strategies for preventing school violence and improving the school environment.  This effort will
emphasize identification of risk and protective factors and the role of law enforcement officers in
school violence prevention.  NIJ will also seek proposals to evaluate innovative strategies for
creating and maintaining safe schools.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Juvenile Justice Programs
Grantee:  University of Texas-Dallas
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The University of Texas and the Dallas County Juvenile Department are
working together to perform a cost-benefit analysis of juvenile adjudication in the county to
explore the extent to which the method can provide better answers to increasingly urgent
questions.  The project is examining methods to measure the impact of various programs and the
cost-benefit relationships of different programs.  The project is guided by an Advisory Board
composed of state and local practitioners.
Impact of the 1997 Juvenile Justice Sentencing Guidelines
Grantee:  University of Utah
FY99 Funding:  $200,000
OJP Sponsors:  NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description:  The project is assessing the effectiveness of the juvenile sentencing guidelines
and early intervention mandates passed by the Utah legislature in 1997 to prevent young
delinquents from becoming serious offenders. This project will assess the ability of a state to
implement guidelines and to determine which early intervention programs developed and
administered by the Juvenile Court in conjunction with the state's youth corrections agency can
successfully deter youth from delinquent activity.
Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program (JAIBG) National Evaluation
Grantee: Abt Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  499,875
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description: This is a continuation of the 24-month national process evaluation of the
JAIBG program to document:  1) how the program is administered; 2) how the JAIBG grants have
been used by state and local recipients; 3) what practitioners' and policy makers' attitudes have
been regarding the JAIBG program; and 4) the extent to which states are progressing in
implementing five JAIBG initiatives.  Abt is conducting mail surveys of state and local practitioners
and policy makers in the 56 jurisdictions eligible for JAIBG funding and site visits to six
jurisdictions.
Quantum Opportunities Program (QOP) Evaluation
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of Labor
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Designed by the Ford Foundation and Opportunities Industrialization Centers
of America, QOP is a career enrichment program that provides basic education, personal and
cultural development, community service, and mentoring. The evaluation will determine whether
QOP reduces the likelihood that inner-city youth at educational risk will enter the criminal or
juvenile justice system. Outcomes to be examined include academic achievement in high school,
misbehavior in school, self-esteem and sense of control over one's life, educational and career
goals, and personal decisions such as teenage parenthood, substance abuse, and criminal activity.
Data on criminal activity are being collected from individual student interviews.
Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development
Grantee:  National Center for Juvenile Justice
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The Juvenile Justice Statistics and Systems Development program works to
improve national, state, and local statistics on juveniles as victims and offenders. The project
focuses on three major tasks: 1) assessing how current information needs are being met with
existing data collection efforts and recommending options for improving national level statistics; 2)
analyzing data and disseminating information gathered from existing federal statistical series and
national studies; and 3) providing training and technical assistance tools for local agencies in
developing or enhancing management information systems.
State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers
Grantee: Competitive among state Statistical Analysis Centers (SAC)s
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) and OJJDP
Project Description: The State Justice Statistics Program provides support to state Statistical
Analysis Centers to carry out data collection and analysis of criminal justice themes/issues
of significant interest to criminal justice decision-makers. These themes are identified each year by
BJS in conjunction with other OJP components to reflect issues of current concern and significance
to criminal justice practitioners.  During the last couple years, BJS has partnered with OJJDP to
provide funds to SACs to examine critical juvenile justice issues.  Other areas of research and
analyses include criminal history record and sex offender registry information (see Chapter 8) and
incident-based crime data.  Further information on the FY 1999 program and selected topics/issues
will be announced in the State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis Centers:
Program Application Guidelines, Fiscal Year 1999, expected for release in early 1999.  To obtain
a copy, access the BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/ or call the BJS Clearinghouse toll-free
at 1-800/732-3277.
National Juvenile Justice Program Directory
Grantee:  Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  To conduct its statistical functions, OJJDP must maintain a current and
accurate list of all entities surveyed in its various censuses or surveys.  This requires obtaining
accurate lists of all juvenile residential facilities and juvenile probation offices, including contact
information for the various facilities or agencies and other appropriate information needed for
sampling.  The Bureau of the Census will continue to develop these listings for OJJDP.
OJJDP Management Evaluation Contract
Grantee:  Caliber Associates
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This contract provides OJJDP with an expert resource to perform
independent program evaluations and assist in implementing evaluation activities. Evaluations are
conducted on OJJDP-funded programs and on other programs designed to prevent and treat
juvenile delinquency.
For More Information
BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program authorizes states to fund youth crime programs under
several purpose areas, including prosecution, law enforcement, prevention, and specialized
defender initiatives.  For example, Byrne funds can be used to develop bindover systems to
prosecute violent juvenile offenders, and for enforcement and prevention programs targeting at-
risk youth and gang activity, including gang task forces and specialized gang prosecutors.  In
addition, BJA's Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program provides funds to
local jurisdictions for security in and around schools, school resource officers, and juvenile crime
prevention programs.  These programs, as well as OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Incentive
Block Grants (JAIBG) program, are described in Chapter 1.
Also see the other chapters of the Program Plan for juvenile-related programs in specific areas.
For example, Chapter 2 describes comprehensive, community-based delinquency prevention and
juvenile justice programs, Chapter 6 describes juvenile correctional initiatives, and Chapter 12
describes adjudication projects for juveniles.  Additional OJJDP training and technical assistance is
described in Chapter 13.
In addition, see OJJDP's Website for information about its programs and publications and links to
OJJDP grantees.  The Web address is www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
A number of other federal agencies also have responsibility for preventing juvenile delinquency and
improving justice for juveniles.  These federal agencies are: the Corporation for National Service,
Office of National Drug Control Policy, and the Departments of Agriculture, Education, Health
and Human Services, Housing and Urban Development, Labor, Treasury, and Transportation.
These federal agencies are all members of the Coordinating Council on Juvenile Justice and
Delinquency Prevention.  For a link to these federal Websites, see OJJDP's Website at
www.ncjrs.org/ojjdp/html/collab.html#Coordinating
Chapter 6
Managing Offenders
Overview
The number of people under correctional supervision in the United States has more than tripled
since 1980.  By year-end 1997, the total federal, state, and local adult correctional population--
either incarcerated or in the community--reached a new high of nearly 5.7 million.  The number of
persons held in federal or state prisons was 1,176,807, and more than 3.9 million adult men and
women were on probation or parole at year-end 1997.  In addition, 567,079 persons were in local
jails.
The largest growth in state inmates was among violent offenders.  Between 1990 and 1996, the
number of violent offenders grew by 50 percent.  Nearly one half of state prisoners were convicted
of violent crimes, and about three-quarters have substance abuse drugs and/or alcohol--problems.
Approximately 260,000 convicted sex offenders are under the jurisdiction of corrections agencies,
with more than one half under some form of community supervision.  Although men are 16 times
more likely than women to be incarcerated, since 1990 the annual growth rate of the female inmate
offender population has surpassed that of men.
The dramatic growth and change in adult correctional populations are only partially explained by
trends in crime and changing patterns of offending.  Correctional populations have also been
affected by changes in criminal justice policies at the federal and state levels, including mandatory
penalties regarding drug offenses, new laws increasing the severity and certainty of punishment,
mandatory minimum sentences and sentencing enhancements for certain offenses and offenders,
and sentencing guidelines that limit the discretion of judges and parole boards.  OJP programs,
such as the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance Program and
the Violent Offender Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive Formula Grant Program,
also have had a significant impact on state policies and programs related to violent and drug
offenders.
In addition to these factors, increases in highly publicized cases of youth violence have led many
states to make changes in the way they manage young offenders by transferring more juveniles to
the criminal justice system.  At the end of the 1997 legislative session, all but five states provided
for discretionary waiver of certain juveniles to criminal court.  In some states, these youth are tried
as adults, but placed in juvenile facilities until old enough for transfer to an adult facility.  In other
states, young offenders can be sentenced directly to adult facilities.  Under the Juvenile
Accountability Incentive Block Grant Program, which was created in 1998, Congress requires
states to consider prosecuting juveniles age 15 and older who commit a serious violent crime in
criminal court, imposing sanctions for every delinquent act, and establishing records for habitual
juvenile offenders.  All of these changes are having a dramatic impact on the management of
offenders in this country.
At the same time, research is showing that the criminal justice system can effectively treat
offenders and prevent recidivism through specific, tested approaches, including:
	incarceration of chronic, repeat offenders who commit the most crimes;
	rehabilitation programs for adult and juvenile offenders using treatments appropriate to their
  	risk factors;
	drug treatment, specifically therapeutic community programs in prison;
	drug treatment in jails followed by intensive supervision in the community, including testing,
  	interventions, and sanctions;
	intensive supervision and aftercare for minor, as well as serious, juvenile offenders; and
	fines for criminal acts in combination with other penalties.
Although correctional boot camps using traditional military basic training have been found to be,
for the most part, ineffective, boot camp programs that have evolved to provide more
comprehensive services, such as education and drug treatment with aftercare, show promise.  For
this reason, and because of the number and popularity of these programs in jurisdictions across the
country, OJP is continuing to evaluate boot camp programs and to encourage a more
comprehensive approach.
OJP is also working to fill gaps in existing knowledge and services related to the management of
offenders.  One such gap is the limited research on effective substance abuse treatment for
adolescents.  In response, NIJ has given priority to evaluations of treatment programs for juveniles
to expand our knowledge about effective programming for this population.
Another difficult issue facing correctional agencies is effectively managing and treating convicted
sex offenders.  In FY 1998, OJP established the Center for Sex Offender Management to provide
training and technical assistance to help courts, corrections agencies, and treatment providers
develop programs to more effectively manage sex offenders and to increase public safety through
careful supervision and control combined with effective treatment interventions.  At the same time,
BJA continues to help states comply with several congressional mandates related to sex offenders,
including the Jacob Wetterling Crimes Against Children and Sexually Violent Offender
Registration Act, as amended by Megan's Law, which requires states to provide for registration of
sex offenders and the release of information on sex offenders that is necessary to protect the
public.  By law, states that fail to meet these requirements may receive a reduced  award under
BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program.  In addition, BJS, under its National Criminal History
Improvement Program, provides funds to states to help them develop sex offender registries and to
interface these systems with the FBI's Sex Offender Registry File.
Another area needing increased focus is the diagnosis and treatment of mentally ill offenders, many
of whom also have substance abuse problems.   OJP has established a Mental Health and Crime
Working Group to explore the issue and to make recommendations on how to provide useful
services for these offenders.
OJP has also brought together a focus group to explore issues related to probation and parole
services.  More than two-thirds of offenders under correctional supervision are on probation or
parole, yet only a small portion of correctional funding goes to support probation and parole
services.  As a result, caseloads are high and these community-based correctional services are often
viewed as ineffective.  OJP will continue to address ways to improve effectiveness of these
services.
In addition, while the number of women offenders, including the number of juvenile delinquent
girls, has mushroomed, the criminal justice system has not kept pace in providing services
specifically designed to meet the unique needs of women offenders needs that are often quite
different from men's.  OJP is planning to hold a symposium in Washington, D.C. on July 12-14,
1999 to discuss this problem and how federal and other resources can best address this issue.
These efforts are in addition to the programs described below.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in Fiscal Year 1999.
Linking Balanced and Restorative Justice and Adolescents (LIBRA)
Grantee:  Vermont Department of Social and Rehabilitation Services
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description: The goal of this program is to continue development of a comprehensive,
integrated, balanced and restorative system of justice for youthful offenders that holds them
accountable to victims, protects the community, builds offender skills and competencies, and offers
opportunities for positive connections to community members. To hold youth accountable, the
project will establish a network of accountability boards. The project will also pilot Community
Justice Centers, which will demonstrate that the community is the core of the justice process and
recognizes youth as a vital part of the community.
Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration and Technical Assistance Program
Grantee:  Johns Hopkins University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This initiative supports implementation, training and technical assistance, and
an independent evaluation of an intensive community-based aftercare model in three competitively
selected demonstration sites.  The overall goal of the Intensive Aftercare Program (IAP) model is
to identify and assist high-risk juvenile offenders to make a gradual transition from secure
confinement back into the community. The IAP model has three distinct, yet overlapping
segments: (1) prerelease and preparatory planning activities during incarceration; (2) structured
transitioning involving the participation of institutional and aftercare staffs both prior to and
following community re-entry; and (3) long-term reintegrative activities to ensure adequate service
delivery and the required level of social control.  The grantee provides
continuing training and technical assistance to administrators, managers, and line staff at the
intensive community-based aftercare demonstration sites.
Project Return (earmark)
Grantee:  Tulane University Medical Center
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  Project Return is a correctional options program designed to maximize the
employability of juvenile and youthful offenders.  FY 1999 funds will continue program activities
and support an evaluation of the program.
The CETARY Project
Grantee:  Johnson & Wales University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project will provide 20 second-time juvenile offenders an opportunity to
enroll in an intense, structured culinary arts training program.  The project will develop and
maintain linkage and employment opportunities for the youth, and place a minimum of 18 youth
into an accredited continuing education program and/or in the workplace with full-time
employment. The project also supports a counseling specialist who helps the youth establish job
readiness and coordinates placement between career development and employment. General
educational development (GED) classes are also offered. Continuous progress evaluations and
needs assessments are implemented and enforced for each youth.
Gender-Specific Programming for Female Juvenile Offenders
Grantee:  Cook County Bureau of Public Safety and Judicial Coordination and Connecticut Office
of Alternative Sanctions
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP and BJA
Project Description: Using a FY 1995 competitive OJJDP grant, Cook County has built a network
of support for juvenile female offenders. The county has developed gender-specific needs,
strengths, and risk assessments for juvenile female offenders; provided training in implementing
gender-appropriate programming; and designed a pilot program with a community-based
continuum of care and a unique case management system. In FY 1998, BJA and OJJDP provided
continuation funding to the Cook County gender-specific program and also funded the county to
provide technical assistance and support to help the State of Connecticut develop specialized
programs for girls. This program will continue in FY 1999.  Additional technical assistance is
provided by Greene, Peters, and Associates, OJJDP's gender-specific training and technical
assistance grantee.
Development of Performance-Based Standards for Juvenile Correctional and Detention
Facilities
Grantee:  Council of Juvenile Correctional Administrators
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This project has developed and is testing performance-based standards and a
self-assessment tool for juvenile facilities to help monitor progress in six areas of operation:
health/mental health, safety, order, security, programming, and [justice?].
Haymarket Center (earmark)
Grantee:  McDermott Center/Haymarket Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined.
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  This correctional options program supports the Haymarket Center's
alternatives to incarceration program.  The program provides detoxification and substance abuse
treatment for nonviolent offenders, including DUI offenders, and requires community service as
part of the rehabilitation regimen.  BJA will provide support for an evaluation of the program in
FY 1999.
Education of Legislators and Others on the Benefits of Community Corrections
Grantee: Center for Community Corrections
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Through this project, the Center for Community Corrections will work to
increase the use of community corrections as an alternative sanction for nonviolent offenders. The
goal of the initiative is to educate legislators, executive branch personnel, and criminal justice
personnel about the philosophy and purpose of community corrections, opportunities for its
application, and the benefits of using it as an alternative sanction.
Management Information and Reporting System
Grantee: Alaska Department of Corrections
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The Alaska Department of Corrections will continue to install an enhanced
system to manage offenders under the department's supervision. The new system will provide
accurate and timely reports on disposition of offenders and projections for future planning. The
system is scheduled to be fully tested and operational by December 31, 2000.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the
mailing list.
Sex Offender Management Demonstration Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $3 million
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
Eligibility:  State and local correctional agencies
Project Description: Jurisdictions selected to participate in this project will demonstrate the
effectiveness of managing sex offenders in the community through a collaborative,
multidisciplinary approach.   Resources will be used to implement new sex offender management
programs or to augment existing sex offender management strategies in probation or other
community supervision agencies.  Each site will be required to establish an evaluation component
to measure the effectiveness of this integrated approach.  Each of the approximately 15 sites will
be granted between $200,000 and $300,000 to implement their proposals.  Training and technical
assistance to participating jurisdictions will be provided through the Center for Sex Offender
Management (CSOM), a training and technical assistance project sponsored by OJP.
Facing Parenting
Grantee: Osborne Associates
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: In this project, the corrections parenting program of Osborne Associates will
serve as a demonstration site for corrections agencies interested in developing and implementing
parenting programs.
Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support (CLEFS) Demonstration Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  Approximately $500,000
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Eligibility:  State and local law enforcement and corrections agencies and organizations
representing law enforcement and/or corrections officers
Project Description:  NIJ intends to convene a grantsmanship workshop, inviting corrections
professionals who have partnered with researchers, to encourage the submission of proposals to
the FY 1999 CLEFS Solicitation. The solicitation will be designed to "fill the gaps" in NIJ's
current portfolio, and will emphasize the corrections area.  At least $500,000 is expected to be
available for demonstration programs in the correctional officer stress area, to support from five to
seven programs for officers and their families.
Southern Florida Medical Corrections Options (earmark)
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: At the request of Congress, BJA will consider requesting a proposal for this
program.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.  Also see Chapter 13 for information
about the Corrections Program Office's (CPO) extensive technical assistance and training, as well
as the technical assistance provided through the Center for Sex Offender Management.
GAINS Center
Grantee: Interagency Agreement between BJA and the National Institute of Corrections
FY99 Funding: $100,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: BJA will transfer $100,000 to the National Institute of Corrections to support
the GAINS Center, a prominent national technology transfer organization for mental health and
dual diagnosis for criminal justice populations. This project will promote systemic change and
provide practical information to states and local communities interested in developing or enhancing
service responses for people with co-occurring disorders in the justice system.
Children as Adults in Court
Grantee:  National Judicial College
FY99 Funding: $361,392
OJP Sponsors:  BJA, OJJDP, and CPO (with the State Justice Institute)
Project Description:  The National Judicial College (NJC) is developing and piloting a training
curriculum to enhance the skills and knowledge of judges to assist them in making more informed
decisions on the increasing numbers of juveniles appearing in criminal court.  The project will also
produce a benchbook and topical bulletins on juveniles as adults in court.
Training and Technical Assistance Program to Promote Gender-Specific Programming for
Female Juvenile Offenders and At-Risk Girls
Grantee:  Greene, Peters, & Associates
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: Project goals are to identify program models or best practices that address the
gender-specific needs of  adolescent females and provide training and technical assistance in
implementing effective approaches.
Project To Expand and Improve Juvenile Restitution Programs
Grantee:  Florida Atlantic University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The project's goals are to demonstrate the use of the balanced approach
mission and restorative justice philosophy as a framework for reform in juvenile justice.
Correctional Options Technical Assistance Program
Grantee:  George Washington University Institute on Crime, Justice, and Corrections
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: In this effort, technical assistance is provided to sites participating in BJA's
Correctional Options Demonstration Program, the only national effort to implement and evaluate
innovative correctional options programs.
Understanding and Implementing Effective Offender Supervision Practices and Programming
in Community Corrections
Grantee:  American Probation and Parole Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The American Probation and Parole Association (APPA) is conducting a
series of training teleconferences for rural jurisdictions on effective supervision practices, including
topics such as restorative justice, staff safety, and intermediate sanctions.
Development of Performance-Based Standards for Community Corrections
Grantee:  American Correctional Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The American Correctional Association is working with BJA, CPO, and the
National Institute of Corrections to develop performance-based standards for community
corrections.  This effort will serve as a pilot for initiating and adopting performance-based
standards in other correctional components.
Training and Technical Assistance for National Innovations to Reduce Disproportionate
Minority Confinement (The Deborah Ann Wysinger Memorial Program)
Grantee:  Cygnus Corporation
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This 3-year project is designed to help state and local jurisdictions reduce the
over-representation of minority children and youth in secure detention or correctional facilities,
jails, and lockups by providing them with information, training, and technical assistance that will
enable them to successfully address the factors that contribute to the problem.
Training and Technical Assistance for Juvenile Detention and Corrections
(The James E. Gould Memorial Program)
Grantee:  American Correctional Association
FY99 Funding:   To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The project provides specialized training and technical assistance to juvenile
corrections, detention, and community residential service providers.  The grantee also plans an
annual Juvenile Corrections Detention Forum to allow juvenile corrections and detention
practitioners to meet to discuss issues in the field of juvenile corrections and detention, writes and
solicits articles for professional publications, conducts surveys, and disseminates information to the
field.
Training for Juvenile Detention and Corrections Personnel
Grantee:  National Institute of Corrections
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project designs, develops, and delivers training programs and related
services that address the needs of juvenile detention and corrections professionals working with
youth under correctional supervision.
Accountability-Based Training for Staff in Juvenile Confinement Facilities
Grantee:  National Juvenile Detention Association
FY 99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The project will conduct research on the training needs of line staff and
develop a standardized curriculum for juvenile detention and corrections staff.
Training and Technical Assistance to Reduce Juvenile Corrections and Detention
Overcrowding
Grantee:  National Juvenile Detention Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The project's goal is to reduce overcrowding in selected state and local
juvenile detention and corrections facilities by providing training and technical assistance.  In
partnership with the San Francisco Youth Law Center, the project provides training and technical
assistance materials for use by state and local jurisdictional teams.  Three sites Camden, New
Jersey, Oklahoma City, and Rhode Island--were selected to develop, implement, and test
procedures to reduce crowding.  The grantee will identify additional sites for comprehensive
training and TA.
Prison Industries Enhancement (PIE) Program
Grantee:  Corrections Industries Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The Corrections Industries Association (CIA) provides technical assistance to
state prison industries programs and to BJA's Prison Industries Enhancement Certification
Program.  Under the PIE program, BJA certifies state prison industry programs as meeting all the
requirements necessary to be exempt from federal restrictions on product marketability.  This
project works with the public and private sector to enhance states' prison industries programs and
to provide the latest information and strategies on prison industries.
Victim Empowerment Through Mediation and Dialogue
Grantee:  University of Minnesota
Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description: One component of this multi-faceted program will provide intensive onsite
technical assistance to corrections systems in Texas and Ohio to help them implement effective
victim-offender mediation programs.  In addition, the program will assess victim satisfaction with
the mediation programs implemented and provide technical assistance to other states interested in
implementing victim-offender mediation and dialogue programs in their correctional facilities.
More detailed information on this program can be found in Chapter 2, Empowering Communities
to Address Crime.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
BJS Corrections Statistics Programs
Grantees:  Data collection agencies, primarily the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description:  Through its Corrections Statistics Program, BJS collects information from
over 1,500 federal and state adult correctional facilities, 3,300 local jails, and 5,800 probation and
parole agencies and offices.  These collections describe the more than 10,000 correctional agencies
and facilities nationwide and the offenders under their supervision.  By extracting comparable data
over time, these programs also provide measures of how these correctional populations and
agencies have changed.  The following are ongoing corrections-related BJS statistical series and
programs.
   The Surveys of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities provide detailed data on
  individual characteristics of prison inmates, current offenses and sentences, characteristics of
  victims, criminal histories, family background, gun possession and use,
  prior drug and alcohol use and treatment, and educational programs and other services
  provided while in prison.
   The Survey of Inmates in Local Jails collects data on the local jail population, including the
  personal and family characteristics of jail inmates, current offenses, sentences and time served,
  criminal histories, jail activities, conditions and programs, prior drug and alcohol use and
  treatment, and health care services provided while in jail.
   The Survey of Adults on Probation provides detailed information on the background and
  characteristics of a national sample of probationers representative of the almost 4 million adults
  under supervision in the community. Specific areas of inquiry included criminal history, prior
  drug and alcohol use, participation in drug and alcohol treatment programs, use of firearms,
  victim characteristics, the conditions of supervision, and the extent of contact with probation
  authorities.
   The National Prisoner Statistics program produces year-end and mid-year national and
  state-level data on the numbers of prisoners in state or federal prison facilities.  It also provides
  data on the number of admissions and releases during the year, the race and Hispanic origin of
  inmates, the number of inmate deaths by cause, and the number known to be HIV positive.
   The Capital Punishment Series yields annual national and state-level data on persons sentenced
  to death and those executed.  Data collected include offender demographic characteristics,
  prior criminal history, criminal justice system status at the time of the capital offense, and time
  spent on death row.  Data are available on executions since 1930 and on sentencing since 1974.
  The data series also includes annual information from each jurisdiction on statutory changes
  relating to the death penalty, including changes involving additional aggravating or mitigating
  circumstances, procedural amendments, and revisions to capital offenses.
   The Annual Survey of Jails provides estimates of the number of inmates by sex, race, Hispanic
  origin, conviction status, and juvenile/adult status.  It also collects information on the rated
  capacity of facilities in each jurisdiction, and separate counts of offenders under community
  supervision by jail staff, including those under electronic monitoring and home detention, in
  alternative work programs, day-reporting programs, community service or weekender
  programs, or other alternative programs.
   The Survey of Jails in Indian Country obtains baseline characteristics of Indian Country
  detention facilities and the inmates housed in them.  The 1998 survey included questions on the
  number of inmates, staffing, and facility characteristics and needs.  Detailed information was
  collected on the age of the facility, the rated capacity, renovation plans, crowding, and special
  facility and program needs.
   The National Corrections Reporting program annually collects individual-level data on prison
  admissions and releases and on parole entries and discharges in participating jurisdictions.
  Demographic information, conviction offense, sentence length, minimum time to be served,
  credited jail time, type of admission, type of release, and time served are collected from
  individual prisoner records.
   The Census of Jails obtains information on each facility, admissions and releases, court orders,
  programs that offer alternatives to incarceration, amount charged to hold an inmate for another
  jurisdiction, crowding and use of space, staffing, health care (including prevalence of
  HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis), and drug testing policies and practices.  For the first time, the FY
  1999 census will employ Web-based data collection procedures.
   The Annual Probation and Parole Data Survey collects data on persons under federal, state,
  and local probation or parole supervision.  Key data elements include the number on probation
  and parole at year-end, number of entries and exits (by type), offender demographic
  characteristics, offense seriousness, type of supervision, and special programs.
   The Census of State and Local Probation and Parole Agencies is a complete census of federal,
  state, and locally operated probation and parole agencies. The census gathers data on staffing,
  expenditures, program operation and participation levels, and drug and HIV testing policies
  and programs.
   The Census of State and Federal Adult Correctional Facilities provides detailed information
  on the types of inmates housed, facility age and type, security level, court orders, programs,
  health and safety conditions, confinement space, and staff characteristics.
   BJS, CPO, and the FBI are collaborating on a national Recidivism Study that will develop a
  sample of state prison releases with oversampling of violent offenders, particularly those
  offenders convicted of sexual assault crimes and crimes against children.  Fifteen states are
  participating:  Arizona, California, Delaware, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota,
  North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, and Virginia.  Collectively
  these 15 states accounted for over half of all releases from prison in 1994.  BJS will track
  released prisoners for three years, using state and federal criminal history records. An initial
  report giving results of the three-year recidivism study is expected around November 1999.
In addition, during FY 1999, BJS also will continue to track the sentence length and projected
length of stay for prison admission cohorts, as well as the elapsed time served and projected time
to be served by the current state prison population.  Information from BJS data collections are
available by calling the BJS Clearinghouse at 1-800/732-3277 or accessing the BJS Website at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/.
Juvenile Residential Facility Census
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: OJJDP will continue to fund the development and testing of a new census of
juvenile residential facilities. This census would focus on facilities authorized to hold juveniles
based on contact with the juvenile justice system. From interviews with facility administrators and
staff at 20 locations, project staff have produced a detailed report discussing how best to capture
information on education, mental health and substance abuse treatment, health services, conditions
of custody, staffing, and facility capacity. Project staff have also drafted and tested a questionnaire
based on the interview results. The questionnaire will be finalized in 1999 and surveying will begin
in October 2000.
Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: The Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement (CJRP) collects detailed
information on juveniles in juvenile residential placement facilities as the result of contact with the
juvenile justice system.  In 1998, CJRP was developed to replace the biennial Census of Public and
Private Juvenile Detention, Correctional, and Shelter Facilities, known as the Children in Custody
Census, and provide more accurate, timely, and useful data on juveniles in custody while placing
less of a reporting burden on facility administrators.
Survey of Juvenile Probation
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project is developing a survey of juvenile probation offices to determine
the number of juveniles under some form of community supervision.
Structured Decision Making for Alameda County Probation
Grantee:  National Council on Crime and Delinquency (NCCD)
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description: This project is evaluating the effectiveness of the Juvenile Risk Assessment
Classification System adapted by Alameda County Probation.  The ultimate objective of the
evaluation is to develop a management information system that will support an interactive database
and data reporting mechanisms to help implement the classification system. A related goal is to
prepare reports based on the study's findings to help guide management decisions.
Case Classification for Juvenile Corrections: An Evaluation of the Youthful Level of Service
Inventory
Grantee:  University of Cincinnati
FY99 Funding:  $187,437
OJP Sponsors:  NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description: This research is assessing a case classification instrument--the Youthful Level
of Service Inventory (Y-LSI)--as a guide to case management and treatment of youthful offenders
in Ohio. The Y-LSI, which can be applied to three types of correctional placement, has been
adopted by the Ohio Department of Youth Services, two juvenile court probation departments,
and two community residential programs for juvenile delinquents in the state. The goal of the
research is to answer three questions about the Y-LSI:  1) Is it a valid predictor of case outcome
for juvenile delinquents under correctional supervision?  2) How do juvenile corrections agencies
use it to allocate supervision and services?  3) Are changes in the areas of risk and need measured
by the Y-LSI through correctional treatment associated with reoffending rates by youth?
Juvenile Sex Offender Typology
Grantee:  University of Illinois-Springfield and Health Related Research
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: In FY 1998, OJJDP competitively funded two feasibility studies to develop a
juvenile sex offender typology. One study is being conducted by the University of Illinois-
Springfield, the other by Health Related Research.  The goal is to develop a typology for
determining a juvenile sex offender's dangerousness, the most appropriate level of placement
restrictiveness, the potential for rehabilitation, assessment requirements, and intervention needs.
These initial studies will determine specific methodologies best suited to generate an empirically
validated typology of the juvenile sex offender. Based on the results of these initial studies, OJJDP
will determine how best to support the development of the juvenile sex offender typology.
Youth Gangs in Juvenile Detention and Corrections Facilities
Grantee:  National Juvenile Detention Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The National Juvenile Detention Association (NJDA), in partnership with the
Alliance for Juvenile Justice, is implementing a multi-phase, cost-effective strategy to improve the
juvenile justice system's management and rehabilitation of gang-involved youth through a national
assessment of the nature and extent of youth gang problems in juvenile
confinement facilities.
Evaluation of Intensive Community-Based Aftercare Demonstration Project
Grantee:  National Council on Crime and Delinquency
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project is conducting a process and outcome evaluation at four
demonstration sites to assess program integrity and the extent to which the Intensive Aftercare
Program (IAP) model for juveniles is being implemented at those sites (see page 88).  The four
sites selected by OJJDP to implement the IAP model include Metropolitan Denver, Colorado; Las
Vegas, Nevada; Camden and Newark, New Jersey; and Norfolk, Virginia.
For More Information
Most OJP funds for corrections-related programs are available through formula grants that are
awarded to and administered by the states. The largest of these programs is the Violent Offender
Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing Incentive (VOI/TIS) Formula Grant Program, which
is administered by the Corrections Program Office (CPO).  VOI/TIS encourages states to increase
space for the incapacitation of violent offenders and to ensure that violent offenders serve at least
85 percent of the sentence imposed by the courts.  Funds may be used for construction of
correctional facilities and for privatization.  The VOI/TIS program contains an important and far
reaching provision that requires states to have implemented a program of drug testing, sanctions,
and treatment for state prison inmates and offenders under state supervision following release in
order to continue to receive VOI/TIS funds in FY 1999 and beyond.  In FY 1999 states may use
up to 10 percent of their VOI/TIS funds to implement this requirement.  VOI/TIS is also described
in Chapters 1 and 3.
The Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program (RSAT), also
administered by CPO, is described in Chapter 3.  It provides states with much-needed funding for
long-term residential drug treatment for offenders, which research has shown to be effective in
reducing recidivism among drug-involved offenders.  For information about CPO programs, see its
Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/ or call its Technical Assistance Line at 1-800/848-6325.  Also
see Chapter 13 for additional information on corrections-related training and technical assistance.
Drug courts also show promise in managing substance abusing offenders within the community by
holding them accountable for their actions and habilitating them through treatment.  Drug court
programs also are discussed in Chapter 3, Breaking the Cycle of Substance Abuse and Crime.
Also see Chapter 5 for a description of OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block
Grant (JAIBG) program.  JAIBG is designed to address the growing problem of juvenile crime
by encouraging accountability-based reforms at the state and local levels.  Funds may be used for
12 purposes,  including construction of  juvenile detention or correctional facilities, accountability-
based sanctions programs, probation programs, and controlled substance testing for juveniles in the
juvenile justice system.
In addition, BJA's Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
Formula Grant program funds can be used to support or develop programs that provide
supervision, management, and alternatives to detention of adult and juvenile offenders, including
intensive supervision probation and parole, offender treatment, alternatives to incarceration,
restitution programs, and drug courts.  Information about the Byrne Formula Grant Program is
contained in Chapter 1.
Also see Chapter 8 for more information on the BJS National Sex Offender Registry Program,
a component of the National Criminal History Improvement Program, which assists states in
developing complete and accurate in-state registries that meet legislative requirements and in
interfacing state data with the FBI's National Sex Offender Registry.
The National Institute of Corrections (NIC), a component of the Justice Department's Bureau
of Prisons, also provides assistance to federal, state, and local corrections agencies working with
adult offenders.  The NIC Information Center, located in Longmont, Colorado, is a national
clearinghouse for the collection and dissemination of information on all aspects of adult
corrections. Most of the Information Center's collection of more than 14,000 titles are oriented to
the corrections practitioner, and many of the titles are unpublished materials developed by state
and local corrections agencies.  The Information Center can be reached by telephone at
1-800/877-1461 or by e-mail at asknicic@nicic.org.  The center's Website is located at
www.nicic.org.
Chapter 7
Protecting & Supporting Victims of Crime
Overview
The rate at which citizens of the United States are victimized continues a marked decline.
Statistics from the most recent National Crime Victimization Survey show that violent and
property crime rates for 1997 were the lowest recorded since the survey began in 1973.  But
though the rate of crime has dropped, the sheer number of criminal victimizations in this country
remains unacceptably high.  The survey shows that U.S. residents 12 and older experienced 35
million victimizations, including 8.6 million rapes, robberies, or assaults.  There were 18,209
murders, or one every 29 minutes.  While that number is down 7 percent from 1996, there can be
no minimizing the devastating impact on the hundreds of thousands of family members, friends,
and loved ones left to pick up the pieces.  Finally, the survey indicates that crime especially impacts
young people.  Persons ages12 to 19 were twice as likely as those ages 25 to 34 and about three
times as likely as those ages 35 to 49 to be victims of violent crime.  These data prove that crime
continues to touch a vast segment of our society and has a  disproportionate incidence in our most
vulnerable population, our youth.
Surveys of crime victims show that among their most pressing needs are protection and
information.  Recent years have seen the proliferation of victims' rights legislation across the
country.  Today, every state has laws on the books to protect the rights of victims.  Though most
state laws contain basic provisions for victims to be treated with dignity and compassion, to be
informed of the status of their cases, to be notified of hearings and trial dates, to be heard at
sentencing and parole through victim impact statements, and to receive restitution from convicted
offenders, it is clear that the rights of victims vary significantly among states and the federal
government.  Moreover, those laws are not enough to ensure safety, nor are they guarantors of fair
and sensitive treatment by the criminal justice system.  Many victims report that, even in states
with strong legal protection, they are still being denied their rights.  And while 32 states have
elevated victims' rights to the constitutional level, many lack a mechanism to enforce compliance
with their provisions.
An echoing concern of victim advocates is that victims' rights are not enforced because they have
not been integrated into training programs and incorporated into the daily functioning of justice
systems.  The laws passed will remain hollow promises unless local governments, communities,
and the criminal justice system coordinate their efforts to found them in fundamental processes and
basic resources.  Another criticism is that the justice system does not take into account the
specialized needs of underserved victims, such as the disabled, children, the elderly, and non-
English speaking populations.  Crime touches all areas of our society, so criminal justice and allied
professionals must be prepared to accommodate diversity.
In 1998 OVC published New Directions from the Field: Victims' Rights and Services for the 21st
Century.  Written by and for the field with support from OVC, this report is the culmination of
three years of analysis of the status and future of victim services.  While New Directions identifies
the enactment and enforcement of consistent, fundamental rights as among the most important
challenges for victim services, it places primary responsibility for effective victim assistance in the
hands of community members who come into daily contact with victims.  This includes not only
victim advocates and criminal justice professionals, but also those who work in the fields of health,
mental health, education, law, business, and the media.
OJP's victims assistance funding priorities will be largely guided by the recommendations put forth
by the field in New Directions, as well as the complementary domestic violence and other
initiatives supported by the Violence Against Women Office.  OJP will support and expand
community-based initiatives and will ground its design of new programs in the needs of the
neighborhoods to which victims belong.  Training will emphasize capacity building.
Demonstration projects will defer to local decision-making.  Research and evaluation will target
successes in and obstacles to neighborhood problem-solving.  OJP will endeavor to make
resources available that empower communities to integrate information about victims' rights and
services into every phase of the criminal justice system, stimulate awareness and understanding of
crime victims' issues, and increase the skills of professionals who interact with victims.
This chapter highlights the research, demonstration, and training and technical assistance programs
that focus on crime victims' issues, as well as collaboration that leads to systemic change and
comprehensive services.  Programs that focus specifically on victims of family violence are
described in Chapter 4.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
Parent Support Network
Grantee:  Public Administration Service
FY99 Funding:  $125,000
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description:  In May 1998, OJJDP awarded a grant to Public Administration Service to
develop and maintain a network of trained parent volunteers to be matched with, and provide
support and assistance to, parents who are victims. A case management system is being developed
to document referrals and assistance activity.  Parent volunteers will be recruited, screened, and
trained to provide assistance, support, and guidance to other victim parents.
Trauma Reduction Initiative (earmark)
Grantee:  Cooper Hospital/University Medical Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  Through this project, hospital chaplain trainees, recruited from participating
neighborhood parishes, will receive special training and provide crisis intervention and support
services to victims of violence and their families.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420 to be added to the
mailing list.
Safe, Permanent Housing for Victims and Witnesses
Grantee: National Center for Victims of Crime
FY99 Funding: $403,899
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This partnership between the National Victim Center, the Enterprise
Foundation, and prosecutors offices in Brooklyn, New York and Portland, Oregon will apply
different but complementary perspectives to the problem of intimidated witnesses. The Victim
Center will provide counseling to these victims and witnesses.  The community development
corporations supported through the Foundation and local public housing authorities will work to
locate affordable housing, and prosecutors will provide referrals, temporary rent, and other
subsidies, and will work with the local police to enhance security for these clients.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
The Deputy Attorney General's Children Exposed to Violence Initiative
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description: In support of the Children Exposed to Violence Initiative, managed by the
Deputy Attorney General of the Department of Justice, this activity will support an initiative to
improve the response of the criminal justice system to children who are victims or witnesses of
violence.  The initiative will focus on law enforcement and legislative reform, highlight innovative
programs, and seek to heighten public awareness.  This initiative will be closely coordinated with
other OJP efforts, such as OJJDP's new Safe Start program, Children's Advocacy Centers, and the
Safe Kids/Safe Streets program.
Crisis Response Initiative
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $200,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: OVC will support a multi-year crisis response initiative that works with
OSLDPS and other federal agencies, through a variety of activities, to build state capacity to
respond to the needs of victims of terrorism and other mass casualty crimes.  The project will
include a series of focus groups to discuss obstacles and solutions to creating crisis response
capabilities, regional training on developing coordinated crisis response programs, and ongoing
technical assistance.
State Victim Assistance Academy
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $140,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: The goal of this multi-year grant solicitation is to support four state efforts at
$35,000 each to provide academic-based, foundation-level education for victim assistance
providers, victim advocates, criminal justice personnel, and allied professionals.  Eligible applicants
will be asked to demonstrate a partnership between a private, nonprofit agency involved with
helping and/or advocating for victims, and a college or university that is invested in advancing the
skills level of those who will be or are involved in this field.  Year one funding is a planning grant,
year two supports curriculum design, course presentation, and evaluation, and year three supports
presentation of a second academy.  States are required to match 25 percent of each year's federal
grant.  In addition to funding, OVC will ensure that technical assistance is made available to states
to assist in this multi-year effort.
New Directions for the Judiciary and the Courts
Grantee: T o Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: This project will support the development of practical, informational materials
on victims' issues for judges and court administrators in state and local courts.  The project also
will disseminate these products and provide technical assistance through established networks of
state courts.
Victim-Oriented Practices in the Healthcare Community
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: Victims of interpersonal violence suffer psychological trauma and, all too
frequently, long-term health consequences as a result of their victimization.  The provision of
sensitive, effective care in a broad array of clinical settings is a critically important response to
victims in the aftermath of crime. Yet many victims, especially those with disabilities or from low-
income or minority populations, do not receive needed services to help them begin and continue
the process of physical and psychological healing.
The goal of this project is to promote the development and replication of practices that promote
inclusive, effective responses to crime victims in the health care setting.  In support of this goal,
OVC will fund a project to develop resource materials for health care professionals consisting of:
(1) a report that outlines the deterrents to identifying and caring for underserved crime victims in
the health care arena and innovative practices and strategies that healthcare organizations and
professionals have developed to respond to these underserved victims; and (2) a companion
videotape that illustrates some of the exemplary efforts in the health care community to serve these
victims.  A dissemination plan should extend beyond information sharing and target organizations
and institutions that act as change agents within the health care community.  The project should
also include an evaluation component that measures the effectiveness of these materials in
heightening the understanding and awareness of crime victims' needs and issues among health care
professionals.
Action Partnerships with Professional and Membership Organizations
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $300,000 (up to $75,000 per grant, with $150,000 designated for mental health
related projects and $150,000 for health care-related projects)
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  In the past three fiscal years, OVC has funded a series of collaborative,
innovative projects with national professional and membership organizations to develop or improve
the capacity of their members to respond effectively and empathically to the needs of crime victims
through activities that provide information and training to their members on crime victims' rights
and needs.  During FY 1999, OVC will target professional and membership organizations
representing  health care, health care administration, managed care, public health, and mental
health professionals who direct or provide life-line services to crime victims.  This may include
tracks of training at national conferences, videotapes,  newsletters, training curricula for
professional or continuing education, and policy and protocol manuals.  Grantees must
demonstrate a strong commitment to serving crime victims and convincingly document a
substantial capacity to develop products with professional credibility that can be readily integrated
into the professional or continuing education requirements of the targeted mental health and health
care professionals.
OVC Victims' Rights Series
Grantee:  National Victim Center
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: The National Victim Center will develop a series of OVC bulletins on various
victims' rights issues, including notification, allocation, protection, and restitution.  The bulletins
will describe the issues as they have been defined in state and federal legislation, examine what
states are doing to ensure compliance with victims' rights, and describe the promising practices
being employed to address them.  The bulletins will also include an analysis of case law on each of
the rights discussed.
Providing Culturally Sensitive and Appropriate Information to Victims of Sexual Assault from
Diverse Communities
Grantee:  Victim Rights Advocacy
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
Project Description: Victim Rights Advocacy will translate materials for sexual assault survivors
and provide them to grantees, expanding resources for victims from diverse communities.  For
example, information booklets may be reprinted in Braille and large print.  Victim Rights Advocacy
will collaborate with sexual assault coalitions in project development and distribution of materials
and products.
National Crime Victims' Rights Week Kit
Grantee:  Competitive
Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: Each April since 1982, National Crime Victims' Rights Week (NCVRW) has
been formally commemorated at the federal level.  The federal observance coincides with rallies,
vigils, and public education campaigns staged in communities around the nation and provides an
opportunity to articulate a consistent and unified message about the plight of our nation's crime
victims and to draw attention to the work of victim advocates and activists across the country.
This project will produce a user-friendly kit containing ready-made, adaptable resources, such as
posters, model speeches, press releases, public service announcements, and other outreach
materials, for victim service providers, advocates, elected leaders, and the general public to
enhance the NCVRW observance in the year 2000.
National Council of State Governments Regional Conference
Grantee:  Council of State Governments
FY99 Funding:  $40,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC and the National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description: This project will support a victims' rights conference for policy makers,
victims, victim advocates, and legislators in the 10 states that make up the Eastern Regional
Conference.  The conference will identify emerging issues, promising practices, and statutory and
policy issues affecting the criminal justice system and discuss the availability and delivery of
victims' rights and services.
Homicide Support Project
Grantee:  Virginia Mason Medical Center
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  The Virginia Mason Medical Center was awarded funding in FY 1998 to
train multidisciplinary personnel from three cities--San Diego, California; New Haven,
Connecticut; and New York, New York--in providing community-based assistance to the families
of homicide victims.  During the first year of the grant, project staff developed a training manual
on using Trauma and Separation Therapy (TST), an intervention model that deals with issues that
arise from loss of relationship, as well as those that come about due to the unnatural manner of
dying.  This award will expand training to three additional sites.  Project staff will also author a
bulletin describing the TST approach.
Traumatic Grief: The Synergism Between Trauma and Grief
Grantee:  Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  The Anti-Violence Partnership of Philadelphia received OVC funds in FY
1997 to develop a training model based on a new construct of "traumatic grief."  The project
included the development of an assessment tool to measure the experience of traumatic grief and a
3-day multidisciplinary training curriculum for victim advocates, criminal justice practitioners, and
allied professionals.  The curriculum has been pilot-tested and is being used in six 3-day regional
workshops.  In FY 1999, the grantee will develop a train-the-trainer curriculum and conduct
regional seminars.
Victims of Mentally Ill Offenders
Grantee:  Ehrenkranz School of Social Work, New York University
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  Victims attacked by mentally ill offenders, or those whose offenders are
found not guilty by reason of insanity, may not receive the services that are due crime victims in
general. Recent research  indicates that many victims of violence perpetrated by the mentally ill are
family members or intimates of the mentally ill offender.  Many of these victims are especially
vulnerable, including elderly parents or children of mentally ill offenders, but they may not come to
the attention of the mental health, protection and advocacy, victim assistance, and criminal justice
systems. In  FY 1998, project staff conducted a national-scope search for promising practices,
analyzed the collected material, developed an assessment report, and held focus groups composed
of victims, law enforcement personnel, mental health professionals, and victim service providers to
identify barriers, recommend needed changes, create an action plan, and develop guidelines for
assisting these underserved victims.  The grantee has synthesized the information to produce a
report on major issues, barriers to service, promising practices, and recommended guidelines.  A
second phase will yield a training video and other materials on model practices and processes for
victim assistance, law enforcement, and mental health providers who work with victims of mentally
ill offenders.
Victim Service Response to Victims of Gang Violence
Grantee:  Victim Services Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  Many communities--large and small, urban and rural--are struggling to meet
the needs of victims of gang violence.   In 1996, OVC awarded a grant to Victim Services Inc. in
New York to survey promising practices in responding to victims of gang violence and develop
technical assistance materials to help victim service providers better serve these victims.  In 1998,
OVC expanded that effort by joining with Victim Services to establish a regional network of host
sites that are successfully mobilizing resources to address the needs of victims of gang violence.
Products under development include a nationwide survey to assess the level and nature of services
to gang victims, a model program outline, a training curriculum to facilitate dissemination of the
model, discipline-specific modifications to the curriculum, a trainer package, a National Gang
Victim Service Directory, and a Gang Victim Assistance Monograph that features profiles of a
select group of programs throughout the country.  During the second phase of this project, Victim
Services will provide training at four locations and the train-the-trainer program in two locations.
Several training sessions will be held at gang sites identified by OJJDP.   Additionally, Victim
Services will continue to work with host sites to identify a process for continuing the network and
provide ongoing training and technical support to communities seeking to replicate successful
strategies for protecting and serving victims of gang violence.
Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANE) Development and Operation Guide
Grantee:  Sexual Assault Resource Service, Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  To address the trauma to rape victims of long waits for doctors who are busy
attending to other medical emergencies, a lack of privacy, and a lack of emotional support through
the forensic examination process, some jurisdictions have developed Sexual Assault Nurse
Examiner (SANE) programs, in which nurses who are specially trained to address the medical and
emotional needs of sexual assault victims perform the examinations in victim sensitive settings.  In
1996, the Minneapolis Medical Research Foundation was competitively funded to develop a SANE
Development and Operation Guidebook and to provide training and technical assistance to foster
the replication and ongoing administration of SANE programs throughout the country. The
guidebook has been completed and is being disseminated through a series of nine regional training
workshops.  A SANE Website [OVC-provide Web address] has been launched to disseminate
information and technical assistance.  In its final phase, this project will further refine the training
through additional regional workshops and continue maintenance and development of the SANE
Website.
Closed-Circuit Televising of Testimony of Children Who Are Victims of Abuse Grant Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Eligibility:  States and units of local government
Project Description:  The Closed-Circuit Televising of Testimony of Children Who Are Victims of
Abuse Grant Program was established to allow eligible states and local units of government to
obtain equipment and personnel training for closed-circuit televising and videotaping of the
testimony of children in criminal child abuse proceedings.  The goals of this program are to
demonstrate the effective and practical use of television and videotaping technology in obtaining
testimony from child witnesses for use in criminal proceedings; identify prototype programs;
encourage the replication of effective programs using television and videotaping technologies in
other jurisdictions; develop and provide training and technical assistance to facilitate the success
and replication of programs; and assess the effectiveness of funded programs.  This program may
be extended to additional sites in FY 1999.
National Victim Assistance Academy
Grantee:  Victims' Assistance Legal Organization (VALOR)
FY99 Funding:  $420,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  In 1995, OVC initiated the National Victim Assistance Academy, the first
course of its kind to train a diverse group of victim practitioners and policy makers from around
the country and offer academic credit via a compressed video link with a state university.  For the
past three years, OVC has provided funding for a 5-day national victim assistance course that
linked multiple university sites for approximately 20 hours of the 45-hour course.   In 1999, OVC
will once again fund a consortium of national victim assistance organizations and universities,
which includes VALOR, the National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center of the
Medical University of South Carolina, and California State University-Fresno.  The 45-hour
updated course will originate from a university campus site in Washington, D.C. and will be
simultaneously broadcast to four additional campuses in the Southeast, Midwest, Central, and
Western United States, expanding the training and educational experience to approximately 400
victim service providers from the federal, state, tribal, and local levels.  As a part of the grant, the
project faculty will work with states and universities that wish to adapt the curriculum for state
training programs.   OVC will also fund the grantee to expand and enhance the curriculum and
teaching guide, revise the train-the-trainer guidebook, and revise a training videotape to be used in
conjunction with the existing Academy training curriculum.
Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training Center
Grantee:  National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
FY99 funding:  $1.185 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: See Chapter 13.
Missing Children's Training and Technical Assistance Program
Grantee: Fox Valley Technical College
FY99 funding: $1.25 million
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: See Chapter 13.
National Fire Service Survivors' Support Program
Grantee: National Fallen Firefighters Foundation
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description:  The National Fallen Firefighters Foundation honors fallen firefighters and
provides support for their families and fellow firefighters.  This project  provides programs and
services that support the overall mission of the Foundation through year-round support,
information, and referrals to service providers.  In addition to working with families, the project
will work with local fire service administrators to enhance their ability to respond to line-of-duty
deaths with counseling and services.  The project will also develop and disseminate publications for
survivors.
Concerns of Police Survivors, Inc.
Grantee: National Outreach Programs for Care of Law Enforcement Surviving Families
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description:  This grantee will continue to provide services, support, and assistance to
families and coworkers of fallen law enforcement officers during the annual National Police Week
program, which is held each May in Washington, D.C.  In addition, the grantee will attend national
law enforcement conferences to provide information, resources, and support for the members of
the law enforcement community; sponsor six regional training sessions on the trauma of law
enforcement death; and expand the program's multimedia outreach to police agencies, survivors,
and coworkers through newsletters, publications, posters, and the Internet.
Elder Financial Exploitation Prevention Program
Grantee: Oregon Senior and Disabled Services Division
FY99 Funding: $97,000
OJP Sponsors: OVC
Project Description:  This project is comprised of two principal phases.  One phase provides
training and information for bank personnel so that they can quickly spot fraud, address the issue,
and alert law enforcement officers.  The Oregon Bankers Association, the Senior and Disabled
Services Division, the U.S. Attorney, U.S. Postal Inspection Service, American Association of
Retired Persons, and law enforcement have joined together to train bank personnel in how to
recognize signs of elder financial exploitation and to report suspected abuse. The second phase is
designed to create services for elderly fraud victims.  A reverse "boiler room" will be used to alert
seniors on a "mooch" list and then train volunteers to either call or visit the people listed. In FY
1999, the grantee will expand the program to respond to the many requests from other states
asking for training on the techniques Oregon has designed. A video training tape for banking
personnel also will be produced.
A Telemarketing Fraud Project for Latino Elderly
Grantee: National Hispanic Council on Aging
FY99 Funding: $97,000
OJP Sponsors: OVC
Project Description:  This project is designed to increase Latino elderly's awareness of
telemarketing fraud through education and the coordination of prevention and intervention
services.  Two groups have been selected from geographical areas with large Latino populations
and high numbers of immigrants with socio-economic characteristics that place them at high risk
for telemarketing fraud.  The grantee has trained group leaders to conduct study groups comprised
of potential fraud victims; completed a survey identifying appropriate materials for the study
groups;  and is translating English language materials to Spanish. In FY 1999, the grantee will
expand the geographical areas to include more Cuban and Puerto Rican populations and complete
new study materials in Spanish.
Operation Fraudstop: A Partnership to Reduce Telemarketing Fraud and Assist Victims
Grantee: National Sheriffs' Association (NSA)
FY99 Funding: $97,000
OJP Sponsor: OVC
Project Description:  Operation Fraudstop is coordinating its efforts with state attorneys general,
the American Association of Retired Persons, Triad programs, and local law enforcement in four
states.  Washington and Montana have been targeted for special efforts by AARP to reduce
telemarketing fraud.  NSA joined  that effort to increase the possibility of reaching more seniors
who may be the target of telemarketers.  Virginia and Maryland were selected to participate
because both have strong Triad programs and their state attorneys general are committed to
reducing telemarketing fraud in their states.  In FY 1999, the grantee will continue the basic
program and will increase the number of training sessions in all four states.  NSA and the Oregon
project also are coordinating their efforts to respond to requests from other states for training
sessions and materials.
Preventing Fraud by Immigration Assistance Practitioners
Grantee: National Crime Prevention Council
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council will develop and implement a public
service campaign to educate non-U.S. citizens and those who work closely with them about
preventing fraud by immigration assistance practitioners. Broadcast and print public service
announcements and collateral materials will help consumers in up to 5 cities recognize potential
fraud by immigration practitioners, encourage them to report such fraud, and direct them to a
source for help.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description:  During a collection year, data are obtained in 6-month intervals from
nationally representative samples of roughly 50,000 households, comprising more than 100,000
persons, on the impact, frequency, and consequences of criminal victimization in the United States.
The survey enables BJS to estimate the likelihood of victimization by rape, robbery, assault,
larceny, household larceny, household burglary, or motor vehicle theft for segments of the
population, such as the elderly and city dwellers.  NCVS is the only national forum for victims to
describe consequences of crime and the characteristics of violent offenders.
City-Level Victimization and Citizen Attitude Surveys
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  Working in partnership with the Community Oriented Policing Services
Office (COPS), BJS conducted city-level victimization surveys in 12 cities providing a unique city-
based dataset to examine attitudes toward community policing activities, perceptions of crime,
police-public contact and characteristics of victimizations by crime.  The  participating 12 cities
include: Chicago, Illinois; Knoxville, Tennessee; Kansas City, Missouri; Los Angeles and San
Diego, California; Madison, Wisconsin; New York City; Savannah, Georgia; Spokane,
Washington; Springfield, Massachusetts; Tucson, Arizona; and Washington, D.C.  The data
provide a better understanding of the impact of different community policing strategies.  COPS
provided funds for data collection in 10 cities.  NIJ sponsored the city survey in Washington, D.C.,
as part of its research support to the DC Revitalization Initiative.  BJS anticipates that findings will
be released in early 1999.
School Crime Data
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  With funding from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), BJS
will conduct the 1999 School Crime Supplement (SCS) to the National Crime Victimization
Survey (NCVS). The SCS will collect data on aspects of school crime from household members
age 12 to 18 who attend school, representing an estimated 22 million students.  Information will be
obtained on victimizations, availability of drugs at school, existence of street gangs, prevalence of
gang fights, presence of guns at school, and fear of being attacked or harmed.
In addition, BJS and the NCES anticipate producing Indicators of School Crime and Safety, 1999,
the second of an annual series of reports, which will update the first Indicators report that
presented data on crime at school from the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the
general population using a comprehensive array of sources--the National Crime Victimization
Survey, Monitoring the Future, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey, the National Household
Education Survey, and the School and Staffing Survey.  The report will examine crime occurring in
school, as well as on the way to and from school.
NISMART II
Grantee:  Institute for Survey Research, Temple University; Family Research Laboratory,
University of New Hampshire; and Westat, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $250,000
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The National Incidence Survey of Missing, Abducted, Runaway, and
Thrownaway (NISMART) children provides reliable national statistics on the number and types of
missing children in this country.  The study originally examined missing children in five separate
categories: runaways, thrownaways, nonfamily abductions, family abductions, and other missing
children.  Researchers have expanded the number of missing children categories to eight to
distinguish between custodial interference and more serious family abductions, combine runaway
and thrownaway children into one category, distinguish between general missing episodes that
result from children being lost from those in which the child is injured, identify the number of
children who are sexually assaulted, and account for children who are missing as a result of simple
miscommunication where they were not in any danger.  During FY 1999, the project will continue
to analyze data according to these revised categories and prepare a report of the preliminary
results.
Impact of Victims' Rights Legislation on the Criminal Justice System
Grantee: Vera Institute of Justice
FY99 Funding: $97,850
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The Vera Institute of Justice will conduct a study to assess the impact of
victims' rights legislation on the criminal justice system, including prosecutors, attorneys for
indigent defendants, courts, and corrections. During Phase I of the project, Vera staff will identify
jurisdictions and criminal justice officials to be surveyed, construct a research design and
methodology for the project, and create a typology of victims' rights legislation in every state. In
Phase II, they will collect and analyze data for the project and then produce a final report detailing
the findings of the study.
Pilot Study of Victim Needs and Assistance Sought
Grantee:  Victim Services Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $379,193 (An additional $870,807 is committed for the national survey under
another contract.)
OJP Sponsors:  NIJ and OVC
Project Description: Through a subcontract with VERA Institute and WESTAT, Victim Services
will conduct a pilot study to generate a recommended methodological approach to identifying
crime victims, investigating the consequences of crime to victims, enumerating victim needs and
sources of assistance, and characterizing services needed, sought, and received. The study will
include victims regardless of whether they reported the crime to law enforcement or have accessed
the criminal justice or human services systems.  The study's goal is to determine who does and
does not access crime victims services and to explore means of reaching subpopulations, such as
immigrants or rural victims, whose needs may differ from larger populations. The pilot study will
include a field test using the recommended methodology and will provide a detailed design for a
national study that will be completed and funded separately.
Evaluation of State Victim Compensation and Assistance Programs
Grantee:  The Urban Institute
FY99 Funding:  $750,000
OJP Sponsors:  NIJ and OVC
Project Description:  The Urban Institute will conduct a multi-year evaluation to assess the
effectiveness of the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) compensation and assistance programs.
"Effectiveness" is understood in the context of meeting the needs of crime victims.  The goal of the
study is to analyze whether VOCA funded programs deliver a coordinated, comprehensive set of
services that reduce the financial, physical, psychological, and emotional consequences of criminal
victimization.  The study will examine the range of victims served, services provided, service
quality, and practices that affect coverage and service delivery efficiency.  It is expected that the
study will identify promising practices, as well as gaps and weaknesses in service delivery and
administration.  VOCA administrators will be surveyed, subgrantee site visits will be conducted,
and clients will be  interviewed individually and in focus groups.  The multi-level nested design is
expected to allow for examination of the effects of state policies on local service delivery and the
impact of VOCA administration and coordination activities on crime victims.
Joint Federal Performance Report
Grantee:  OVC Training and Technical Assistance Center
Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsors:  OVC and VAWO (with support from HHS and CDC)
Project Description:  Each of the four federal agencies that awards victim service grants to states--
OVC, VAWO, CDC, and the Administration on Children and Families (ACF)--has its own
separate annual performance reporting requirements.  The purpose of this project is to produce a
joint federal performance reporting instrument that would develop common data sets and
definitions, and consolidate the now separate reporting mechanisms.   The goal is to ease the
burden on direct service providers and increase the accuracy of federal performance data on the
number of crime victims served and activities funded through federal grant programs.
State of Mental Health Services to Victims
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $82,000
OJP Sponsors:  OVC and NIJ
Project Description:  Many Americans suffer from crime-related mental health problems, and it is
critical that every crime victim have access to effective mental health services at every stage in the
criminal justice process.  OVC and NIJ will join in an effort to better understand the mental health
consequences of victimization and the treatment of crime-related psychological disorders, and to
assess and improve the delivery of mental health services to victims.  In FY 1999, this effort will
include a working conference of researchers, administrators, and practitioners to examine the state
of knowledge on these subjects, to prepare a series of bulletins distilling current understanding for
policy makers and practitioners, to identify gaps disclosed by research and evaluation, and to
suggest strategies for filling these gaps.
Victims' Services Professional Development
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding: $150,000
OJP Sponsor: OVC
Project Description: To keep pace with the forward progression of the victims' movement, OVC
has supported a variety of initiatives to increase understanding of crime victims' needs and the
diverse individuals and organizations who serve these victims.  OVC has convened several focus
groups that discussed the development of victim service standards of practice for both
organizations and individual practitioners and certification.  In FY 1999, OVC will continue to
support this effort by funding a cooperative agreement to convene a broad consortium of national
and state leaders from the victim services field to develop a compendium of existing standards,
education programs, strategies for establishing individual and organizational practice standards to
enhance the quality of services to crime victims, and a practical Strategies for Action Kit that will
help the field implement preferred standards.
Federal Crime Victim Initiatives
The following programs will be administered by OVC and will support efforts at the federal level
to meet the needs of crime victims.
Demonstration Programs:
Fraud Demonstration Program
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA)
FY99 Funding:  $125,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This second-year funding will continue a program in the U.S. Attorney's
Office for the Northern District of California that created a white-collar crime victim advocate
position and provided support staff to identify and recover victims' assets that involve complex
financial transactions for victims.
Victim Service Demonstration Projects (2)
Grantees: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $240,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project continues funding for two US Attorneys' offices selected
competitively based upon each district's commitment to victim-witness issues, size, and caseload
diversity.  The districts selected represent a small district with a caseload from a military base,
national park, and prison (Southern District of Indiana), and a district with a large Indian Country
caseload (District of South Dakota).  These districts will also assist other districts in replicating
promising practices for victims of federal crime.
EOUSA Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding provides financial assistance to victims of federal crime when no
other resources are available.  Funds are made available to U.S. Attorneys' Offices through an
interagency agreement with EOUSA.
Victim Assistant Positions
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $290,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding will support third-year funding for an Office of Legal Education
attorney instructor to draft litigation series chapters and course material and present classroom
instruction to federal prosecutors on federal victims' rights legislation, case law and policy, and
prosecutors' duties and responsibilities to federal crime victims.  The grant also will provide
second-year funding for an EOUSA attorney to assist with training and technical assistance to U.S.
Attorneys' offices and continue funding for a position that provides training and technical
assistance to 6 to 8 U.S. Attorneys' offices to help implement demonstration victim assistance
programs.
Victim-Witness Coordinator
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: OVC will continue funding to the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of
Montana to hire a victim-witness coordinator position as part of the Attorney General's Tribal
Justice Initiative.  This interagency initiative, which funds comprehensive services for two Indian
tribes, is a collaborative effort among the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts, the Department
of the Interior, and various DOJ components, including the Criminal Division, the Office of Tribal
Justice, the Office of Policy Development, OVC, and other OJP bureaus.
Pilot FBI/EOUSA Victim Witness Office
Grantees: Interagency Agreement with the FBI and EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $150,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding continues establishment of a consolidated victim assistance
office in Omaha, Nebraska.  The goal is to create a comprehensive, multidisciplinary victim service
center for victims of federal crime and eliminate the need for separate victim-witness coordinators
in FBI field offices and in U.S. Attorneys' offices.
FBI Demonstration Victim Assistance Programs
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the FBI
FY99 Funding:  $350,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project is establishing three demonstration victim assistance programs to
improve the capability of the New York, Washington, and Tucson FBI field offices to respond to
the rights and physical, emotional, and financial needs of all federal crime victims, including those
victimized abroad.  Activities will be coordinated with the U.S. Attorney's Office, the State
Department, the Department of Defense (DOD), Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS),
and other federal agencies involved with federal crime victims.
Trafficked Victim Demonstration Project
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with INS
FY99 Funding:  $150,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  INS will develop a demonstration program for federal assistance to victims of
international trafficking for sexual purposes.  The project will utilize a network of service providers
in U.S. Attorney's Offices that would provide culturally appropriate and language specific services,
such as medical, mental health, and emergency shelter.
Drug Enforcement Administration Victim Assistance
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project provides $25,000 to enable DEA victim-witness coordinators to
attend the National Symposium on Victims of Federal Crime and $25,000 to establish a DEA
Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund to assist victims in DEA drug trafficking cases.
Victim-Witness Programs (3)
Grantees: Interagency Agreement with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), U.S.
Secret Service, and U.S. Customs Service
FY99 Funding:  $221,250
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project provides second-year funding for an effort to establish
comprehensive victim-witness programs in the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, the
U.S. Secret Service, and the U.S. Customs Service.
Department of State Federal Crime Victim Assistance Fund
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Department of State
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
An emergency victim assistance fund will be established in the Bureau of Consular Affairs.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs:
District Specific Training
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA
FY99 Funding:  $215,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding will support 6 to 8 federal district-specific training conferences
and seminars involving federal victims' rights issues, including American Indian issues and
compliance with the Attorney General Guidelines for Victim and Witness Assistance.
Travel to Training
Grantees: Interagency Agreement with EOUSA, FBI, INS, and DOD
FY99 Funding:  $698,155
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: OVC will provide travel costs to allow federal prosecutors and victim-witness
coordinators from the grantee agencies to attend the second Symposium on Victims of Federal
Crime and other major victim conferences.
Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC)
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with FLETC
FY99 Funding:  $200,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding will continue to fulfill OVC's responsibility to train federal law
enforcement officers in the delivery of services to victims of crime.  FLETC trains officers from
over 70 agencies in basic and advanced classes.  This agreement will fund 1 positions, agency-
specific training  sessions, and onsite training and technical assistance to other federal agencies.
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP)
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This funding will enable BOP to expand its newly created program to
establish inmate victim impact panels to 5 to 8 additional institutions and to establish a train-the-
trainers program to develop a faculty for additional program expansion to the remaining BOP
facilities.  Information about additional resources is available in Chapter 14.
Department of State Training Video
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Department of State
FY99 Funding:  $80,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project will produce a video to explain the State Department's victim
assistance program and employee responsibilities to all State Department employees.
Crime Victims Fund Video
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $80,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  This project will produce a video to teach federal law enforcement officials,
prosecutors, and corrections personnel about the Crime Victims Fund and the positive impact that
increased deposits will have on victims of crime.  This project will be supported through a contract
awarded by the Department of Justice Audio-Visual Unit.
For More Information
The following programs are listed in other chapters of the Program Plan:  Victim Empowerment
through Mediation and Dialogue, Chapter 2; Safe Start Child Development and Community
Policing Partnership, Chapter 5; and Building a Home for Crime Victims on the Internet, Chapter
8.  OVC's Victim Services 2000 programs are listed in Chapter 2.
Programs to combat violence against women and support its victims are described in Chapter 4.
These include VAWO's STOP Violence Against Women Grants, Grants to Encourage Arrest
Policies, Domestic Violence Victims' Civil Legal Assistance Grants, and Rural Domestic
Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement Grants, as well as other family violence
initiatives.  Further information also is available online at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo.
Also see Chapter 1 for a description of OVC's Crime Victim Assistance and Victim
Compensation grant programs, and Chapter 13 for additional victim-related technical assistance
and training.  Additional information about OVC programs is available from its Website at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/ or from the OVC Resource Center by calling toll-free at 1-800/627-6872.
Chapter 8
Enhancing Technology's Use
in Addressing Crime
Overview
Use of technology and information integration and sharing in addressing crime are among the most
urgent issues facing the criminal justice field today.  As criminals become more sophisticated in
their use of advanced technology to perpetrate crime, criminal justice professionals must have
equally sophisticated tools to prevent, investigate, and prosecute those crimes, to better track and
manage offenders, and to protect the public.
Today, criminal justice practitioners use advanced technology for everything from tracing stolen
vehicles, to crime scene DNA identification, to investigating pornography, to solving sophisticated
financial crimes.  Corrections technology is being developed and tested in such areas as using
Global Positioning Systems and more advanced electronic monitoring using telephone lines to
manage offenders.  There is also computer technology under development that would show the
precise location of correctional staff in an institution and efforts being tested to use computer
"telemedicine" to provide medical and mental health services for inmates.
Attention is also focused on integrating technology so that these systems can effectively
communicate and share information--both among the various criminal justice system components
within a jurisdiction and  among different jurisdictions.  For the most part, the computer systems
used by state and local governments today cannot communicate or share data.  Many were
developed as the result of federal or state grant funding, at different times, with no strategy for
integration with other systems.  As a result, there is a proliferation of different systems, with
different goals, and different means of communicating.
In 1997, the OJP Assistant Attorney General created an OJP Information Technology Executive
Council to coordinate OJP's efforts in the area of information technology and to determine how
the federal government  could most effectively assist state and local communities meet their
information technology needs. During the past two years, the Executive Council staff have met
with state and local policy makers, criminal justice practitioners, and technology experts across the
country to explore what progress has already been made at the state and local levels in designing
integrated justice system projects,  what state and local needs are, and how OJP and state and local
jurisdictions could work together to ensure that information technology resources are being
applied effectively, efficiently, and equitably.
From these initial efforts and the many criminal technology project launched to date, two things
have become clear.  First, it is critical to ensure that all the major stakeholders, especially the direct
users of the technology, be involved in planning, developing, and implementing information and
other technology efforts.  Second, it is equally important to develop appropriate means of
educating the criminal justice community in general on the various uses of technology as applied to
criminal justice, and the steps needed to effectively develop and implement new technology.
Another challenge is ensuring that criminal justice professionals have access to advanced
technology to help them perform more effectively.  Several years ago, OJP's National Institute of
Justice entered into a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Department of Defense
(DOD) agreeing to share and jointly develop technology systems that can be used for both defense
and criminal justice purposes.  This MOU has led to the development, for example, of new less-
than-lethal weapons to subdue offenders without having to use a firearm and to a variety of
technologies for detecting concealed weapons and other contraband.  In other projects with DOD
agencies, encouraged by the establishment of the MOU, NIJ has worked to transfer computer
enhanced training developed for the military to a variety of law enforcement applications.  These
efforts are supported by NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
(NLECTC) system, which is composed of the national center, four regional centers, and special
offices.   NLECTC develops, tests, and disseminates information about criminal justice technology.
For a full description of NLECTC, see Chapter 13.
As technology continues to change rapidly, criminal justice capabilities must continue to advance
also.  OJP is supporting a wide range of funding and other assistance to improve criminal justice
technology and to enhance technology's use in addressing crime in this nation.
Continuation Programs
The following projects will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP)
Grantees:  State agencies designated by the Governor
FY99 Funding:  $45 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description:  The goal of the NCHIP program is to ensure that accurate records are
available for use in law enforcement, including sex offender registry requirements, and to permit
states to identify ineligible firearm purchasers, persons ineligible to hold employment in positions
involving children, the elderly, or the disabled, and persons subject to protective orders or charged
or convicted of stalking or domestic violence.  The FY 1999 program will focus on ensuring that
states can fully participate in the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS),
which was established under the Brady Act to provide background checks for noncriminal justice
purposes, such as child and elderly care.  The 1999 program will also encourage and support state
efforts to improve communications and data accuracy, and to develop integrated criminal justice
systems to meet evolving criminal justice and noncriminal justice needs.  NCHIP also includes
technical assistance and training (see Chapter 13), the Firearms Inquiry Statistics (FIST) (see
below), and the National Sex Offender Registry Assistance Program (NSOR-AP).
Comparative Analysis of Statewide Criminal Justice Information Sharing Systems
Grantee: International Association of Chiefs of Police
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description: This project is designed to address the lack of integration of all available case
information into a centralized state criminal justice management information system. The project
will conduct a comparative analysis of five innovative statewide criminal justice management
information systems and identify the most promising strategies. The goal of the project is to
explore replicating these strategies at one or more selected demonstration sites. This program is a
coordinated element of the OJP-wide Integrated Information Systems Initiative.
DNA Laboratory Improvement
Grantees:  States and local government agencies
FY99 Funding:  $15 million
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description:  Authorized by the DNA Identification Act of 1994, the Forensic DNA
Laboratory Improvement Program was created to increase the capabilities and capacity of state
and local forensic laboratories in the United States.  Its purpose is to help public crime labs to
conduct state-of-the-art DNA testing to support the investigation and adjudication of violent
crime.  This program addresses the critical need in public crime laboratories for faster, more
cost-effective, and reliable DNA testing by funding procurement of updated equipment, supplies,
laboratory modifications, and training for laboratory analysts.  Sixty-five grants awarded under the
DNA Laboratory Program are continuing in FY 1999, the fourth year of the program.
Applications for new or continuation funding were submitted under the Phase 4 solicitation in
December 1998.
STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program
Grantees:  56 states and territories
FY99 Funding:  $138.4 million
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
Project Description: The STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program promotes a
coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to improving the criminal justice system's response to
violence against women.  One of the seven project purpose areas for this program is the
development or expansion of advanced technology to combat stalking, sexual assault, and
domestic violence.  This includes creating, installing, or expanding data collection and
communication systems, including computerized systems that link police, prosecution, and the
courts or that are designed to identify and track arrests, protection orders, violations of protection
orders, prosecutions, and convictions for violent crimes against women.  The full scope of the
STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grants Program is described in Chapter 4.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420.
Information Integration Initiative Survey and Assistance Program
Grantees: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Using an informal consortium of technical assistance grantees advised by
professional technology and policymaking organizations, BJA will support the DOJ Information
Integration Initiative through a number of related tasks. First, a study will be undertaken to identify
how information moves within the criminal justice system. Concurrently, another survey of states
(and some localities) will look for existing and pending legislation on information integration,
particularly that aimed at governance, planning, and interoperability issues. A major component of
this examination will be identifying and documenting how states use governance boards to
coordinate activities focused on implementing integrated information systems. Model laws and
governance board structures will be documented as blueprints for action for other jurisdictions.
Finally, this information will feed into a multifaceted set of educational and marketing tools, which
will help advocates of information integration promote this concept with state executives and
legislators, business leaders, law enforcement agency personnel, and the public. This information
will eventually become part of the proposed National Information Resource Center, where it can
be updated as the initiative progresses.
Managing Investigative Criminal Justice Technologies
Grantee: Institute for Forensics
FY99 Funding: $498,215
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This project will provide technical assistance and investigative template
services to create data linkage and criminal justice integration initiatives. The primary objectives
will be to provide information management techniques and resources to investigators; create an
investigative information template; create an information management matrix and interface; and
assess and evaluate prototype investigative information management systems. For more
information, contact Robert D. Keppel, Director, Institute for Forensics, at 425/271-4081.
Strategic Information Technology Center
Grantee:  National Center for Rural Law Enforcement, University of Arkansas
FY99 Funding: $4 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The National Center for Rural Law Enforcement (NCRLE) will provide
assistance to state and local jurisdictions in meeting their information technology needs.  Upon
developing a national strategic information technology plan, an Internet-based resource center and
full spectrum help desk will be established where jurisdictions can receive guidance, support, and
instruction on the whole range of information technology issues.  In addition, the project will
provide for the operation and expansion of an electronic information clearinghouse for rural law
enforcement officers that will be accessible through dial-in toll-free service and via the Internet.
A Business Case for Integration
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: Office of the Assistant Attorney General (OAAG) and BJA
Project Description:  This project will develop an education and marketing tool for executives,
legislators, the judiciary, and the pubic that explains the necessity and benefits of integrated justice.
The business case will explain how integration can improve fairness, efficiency, and economy in the
justice system and increase public safety.
Governance Initiative
Grantee:  National Criminal Justice Association and SEARCH Group
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The grantees will survey states to ascertain the type, quality, and capability of
the governance processes and structures in use or contemplated nationwide; analyze the findings;
evaluate the quality and effectiveness of each state's approach; and produce a report describing the
study findings.  The resulting document will help states develop or improve governance structures
for integrating criminal justice data.
Procurement Improvement Initiative
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The goal of this project is to improve the process for procuring information
technology.   The project will compile information about successful strategies used in current
Requests For Proposals for information technology projects and support procurement reform by
disseminating information about effective procurement practices and processes to governors, state
legislators, and other decision-makers.
State and Local Government Legislation Initiative
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  This project will examine existing legislation that supports integration at the
state and local level and help jurisdictions draft similar provisions or amend outdated legislation.
Showcasing Modern Law Enforcement Records Management Systems
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  BJS and the FBI will continue efforts as part of a comprehensive project to
assess the status of incident-based reporting among law enforcement agencies and address the
impediments to implementing the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).  In FY
1999, the FBI will identify jurisdictions that are promising candidates for demonstrating that
NIBRS can be implemented in large cities.  Up to 10 sites will be selected for technical assistance
under this effort, and three will receive funding.
Consolidated Advanced Technologies for the Law Enforcement Program at the University of
New Hampshire and the New Hampshire Department of Public Safety (earmark)
Grantee:  New Hampshire Department of Public Safety
FY99 Funding:  $3.5 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  In partnership with the University of New Hampshire, the New Hampshire
Department of Safety will develop a consolidated advanced technologies program that will test and
demonstrate new communications and information exchange technologies for use with systems
currently deployed by state and local law enforcement agencies.  Field-based demonstration of new
off-the-shelf and application-specific technologies in a multijurisdictional environment will be
combined with laboratory-based replication of the operations environment, and with analysis of
human factors, to identify and solve problems that hinder operations. The program will build on
the university's performance as the test site used by more than 100 computer companies to ensure
interoperability of their products in wired and wireless networks operating in an open architecture
environment. Training and improved educational curricula for law enforcement professionals also
will be elements of this program.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Planning for Integrated Justice Information Systems
Grantee:  SEARCH Group, Inc
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  To address the growing demand for integrated justice information systems
assistance, OJP created the Information Technology Executive Council.  SEARCH will assist the
Executive Council in developing a comprehensive and coordinated strategy for funding integrated
justice information systems planning and development efforts nationwide.
National Information Resource Center
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OAAG and BJA
Project Description: Under this project, a national resource center where criminal justice
components at all levels of government can obtain timely and useful information on integration
processes, initiatives, and new developments will be developed.  The center will provide Web-
based resources and research, evaluate, collect, and disseminate information technology-related
materials.
National Survey of DNA Laboratories
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  With funding from NIJ, BJS is conducting the first national survey of all
public and private DNA laboratories. Fielded in November 1998, the survey is collecting
management and administrative statistics on staff size and characteristics, staff training, budgets,
DNA testing procedures, processing policies, and archival capacity.  The survey will also obtain
information on the degree of laboratory compliance with national standards and participation in the
national database of DNA samples.  BJS continues to work closely with state and local crime
laboratory directors and the FBI's Forensic Science Systems Unit in this effort, which will provide
a mechanism for crime laboratory directors to compare procedures and capacities among the
different laboratories, as well as a tool to measure compatibility between the national (CODIS)
DNA database and state DNA databases.
National Center for Forensic Sciences
Grantee:  University of Central Florida
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description: This project supports a unique laboratory facility that provides technical
assistance to the forensic science and law enforcement communities in the areas of fire and
explosion debris.  Activities include scientific research, development of standard protocols,
development of an electronic resource library and distance learning modules, and partnerships with
forensic science, law enforcement, and insurance communities.  For further information, contact
Dr. Richard Rau at NIJ at 202/307-0648.
Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System (SWBSADIS)
Grantee:  Criminal Information Sharing Alliance
FY99 Funding:  $9 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The Southwest Border States Anti-Drug Information System is a regional
law enforcement system serving the states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas,
components of the Regional Information Sharing System (RISS), and the El Paso Intelligence
Center.  SWBSADIS provides the communication infrastructure and common message text format
needed to transfer information among the participants' intelligence databases, as well as electronic
mail and bulletin board services.  In FY99, SWBSADIS will Web-enable the wide area network,
improve information sharing with additional components of RISS, and enhance functionality with
applications tailored to intelligence personnel.
Regional Information Sharing System (RISS)
Grantees:  Middle Atlantic-Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network, Mid-States
Organized Crime Information Center, New England State Police Information Network, Regional
Organized Crime Information Center, Rocky Mountain Information Network, Western States
Information Network
FY99 Funding:  $20 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  RISS is composed of six regional centers that share intelligence and
coordinate efforts against criminal networks that operate in many locations across jurisdictional
lines. Typical targets of RISS activities are drug trafficking, violent crime and gang activity, and
organized criminal activities. However, each of the centers selects its own target crimes and the
range of services provided to member agencies.  RISS serves more than 4,700 member law
enforcement agencies in 50 states, two Canadian provinces, and the District of Columbia.  The
Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Internal Revenue Service,
Secret Service, U.S. Customs Service, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms also
participate in the program.
RISS Intranet
Grantees:  Middle Atlantic-Great Lakes Organized Crime Law Enforcement Network, Mid-States
Organized Crime Information Center, New England State Police Information Network, Regional
Organized Crime Information Center, Rocky Mountain Information Network, Western States
Information Network
FY99 Funding:  $5 million (from COPS)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  A Memorandum of Understanding between BJA and the Office of
Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) has made funds available to BJA to upgrade the
communications infrastructure of the Regional Information Sharing System.  The upgrade will
facilitate the rapid exchange of information on criminals and criminal activity by providing law
enforcement member agencies access to the RISS secure Intranet. Having such access will increase
their ability to share and retrieve criminal intelligence information on a real-time basis.
Criminal Intelligence Systems Operating Policies Technical Assistance and Testing Program
Grantee:   Institute for Intergovernmental Research (IIR)
FY99 Funding: $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Eligibility:  BJA grantees
Project Description:  This initiative will survey, identify, and catalog existing BJA-funded
interjurisdictional criminal intelligence systems; provide assistance to facilitate grantee compliance
with federal regulations; provide onsite technical assistance to resolve problems;
coordinate specialized technical assistance at each site; and serve as a liaison for potential technical
assistance recipients.
National White Collar Crime Center
Grantee:  National White Collar Crime Center
FY99 Funding:  $7.35 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The National White Collar Crime Center provides a national resource for the
prevention, investigation, and prosecution of multijurisdictional economic crimes. These crimes
include investment fraud, telemarketing fraud, boiler room operations, securities fraud,
commodities fraud, and advanced-fee loan schemes. The center provides a wide range of technical
assistance, including a national training and research institute focusing on economic crime issues.
In FY 1999, BJA funding of the Center will also support the National Cybercrime Training
Partnership (NCTP), an initiative organized by DOJ's Computer Crime and Intellectual Property
Section to create a national network of law enforcement trainers and specialists in computer crime-
related investigation and prosecution.  For more information, contact Dick Johnston, National
White Collar Crime Center, at 1-800/221-4424.
National White Collar Crime Center Partnership With the National Fraud Information Center
(earmark)
Grantee: National Fraud Information Center
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The National Fraud Information Center (NFIC), a project of the National
Consumers League, has been providing valuable assistance to the public and to law enforcement
agencies in the fight against telemarketing fraud since 1992. Consumers' fraud reports are
transmitted daily by the NFIC to a database jointly maintained by the Federal Trade Commission
and the National Association of Attorneys General. The database is accessible to law enforcement
agencies seeking specific information. NFIC and the National White Collar Crime Center will work
together in the training of telemarketing fraud investigators and prosecutors in the Telemarketing
Fraud Enforcement Task Force Targeting the Elderly Project. NFIC will serve as a consultant in
developing training programs and materials.
SEEDTECH
Grantee:  National Urban Technology Center, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $400,000
OJP Sponsor: Executive Office for Weed and Seed (EOWS)
Project Description:  The Executive Office for Weed and Seed provides technical assistance to
support Weed and Seed sites in the development of computer learning centers.  This
"SEEDTECH" initiative works to build the technological and administrative capabilities of all
Weed and Seed sites by providing consulting services and support.  Assistance is available via a
toll-free telephone number (1-800/999-3212).  SEEDTECH's Community Empowerment
Curriculum includes the following courses:
	Computer Fundamentals, through which participants acquire basic computer skills and become
 	familiar with a broad range of computer functions, including the Internet.
 Word Processing
	Children's Program, which introduces children ages 5 to 11 to computers.  The children
  	complete creative writing activities and produce papers and reports that include pictures
	and page design features, and use a multimedia creativity tool to create and present electronic
 	animated stories.
Managing Law Enforcement Technologies
Grantee:  University of New Orleans (UNO)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The University of New Orleans provides technical assistance to agencies
funded under BJA's Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) program to help them better
manage law enforcement technologies. UNO provides management-focused training in basic
technology planning and acquisition and implementation strategies; trains trainers for law
enforcement, corrections, and court personnel; and facilitates the transfer of technology
information among agencies supported by the LLEBG program.
Conferences and Technology Assistance
Grantees:  Gordon Research Institute, Naval Air Warfare Center, and other organizations to be
determined
FY99 Funding:  $775,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ will support a number of technology-based conferences in FY 1999,
including the Gordon Conference, the Corrections Conference, Technology Tools for Training
Conference, the Science and the Law Conference, and the Technical Institute.
Building a Home for Crime Victims on the Internet
Grantee:  Michigan Victim Alliance
FY99 Funding:  $20,000
OJP Sponsor:  Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description:  This project produced a statewide Website for victims in Michigan and a
Website Development Manual for other states wishing to replicate this service.  As a result of this
innovative project, hundreds of victims in Michigan and other states have obtained information
about the criminal justice system, available victim services, and peer support groups; been able to
access protection order forms and filing procedures; had a chance to communicate with one
another, tell their stories, and post memorials on the Web; participate in a listserv for victims; and,
through a partnership with the FBI, develop security and online protection procedures.  Project
staff also helped victim groups from around the state set up their own Websites.  Continuation
funding will allow staff to provide training and technical assistance to other states by adapting
existing templates to the needs of specific states, support server maintenance, and further refine
server security issues.
National Motor Vehicle Title Information System
Grantee:  American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators and participating states
FY99 Funding:  $3.15 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  In cooperation with the American Association of Motor Vehicle
Administrators (AAMVA), BJA is providing financial assistance to the states of Arizona, Florida,
Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Virginia to participate in a pilot project to
implement and test the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS). This 5-year
project will establish a national electronic switching system linking state Department of Motor
Vehicle computers into a network. NMVTIS will enable states to verify the validity of existing
titles prior to issuing new titles; obtain information on whether a vehicle has been stolen; prevent
odometer tampering; obtain information from the Manufacturer's Certificate of Origin to help
create a vehicle's first title; and automatically notify previous states of record when a new title is
issued.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Standards Initiative
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The field has recommended that OJP identify existing standards relating to
criminal justice information technology and coordinate with the various criminal justice standards
setting bodies to help develop a national consensus on technical and data standards for integration.
This project will facilitate the development of integration standards by undertaking a survey of
standards, analyzing the results for gaps and conflicts, identifying standards that should be
eliminated, establishing a process to create new standards, identifying new standards as required,
and tasking appropriate organizations to develop required standards.
Information Interchange Study
Grantee:  SEARCH Group
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The grantee will track how information moves within the criminal justice
system and where the information exchange points between criminal justice agencies exist.  The
field recommended such a study to develop an information exchange model for criminal justice
integration.  This project will study the type of information that is being exchanged among criminal
justice components, determine the types of information that should be exchanged, and study the
implications of standards, coordination, governance, and other factors on information exchange.
Interoperability Initiative
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1.8 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This project will develop and demonstrate enhanced interoperability
technologies and techniques for mobile and fixed platforms.  This includes continuation of the
ALERT (mobile) interoperability program and development of a focused, fixed interoperability test
bed, which will include the transfer of military-developed technology to link police agencies from
two different states into a regional criminal justice computer system located in the Charlotte, North
Carolina area.
Investigator-Initiated Research Grants
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding: Grants of up to $300,000.  The number of awards varies each year.
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This solicitation seeks research and technology proposals that explore topics
relevant to state and local criminal justice policy or practice.  FY 1999 topic areas include:  officer
protection and crime prevention, investigative and forensic sciences, less-than-lethal incapacitation,
communications and information technologies, training and simulation technologies, and school
security technologies.  Twice a year, NIJ receives and reviews proposals submitted under this
broad solicitation.  Grants generally range between $25,000 and $300,000 for project periods of
one to two years.  For a copy of the solicitation, call NCJRS at
1-800/851-3420 or see NIJ's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/.
Field Trials for Less-Than-Lethal Technologies
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $400,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ anticipates that three less-than-lethal technologies will have gone through
safety evaluations and be ready for field trials in FY 1999.  These field trials will determine the
technologies' effectiveness in temporarily incapacitating individuals and operational considerations
in likely scenarios.  Technologies ready for field testing include the kinetic energy ring airfoil
projectile, the electric stun projectile, and the laser dazzler.
Safe School Technologies
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding: Awards from $300,000 to $500,000, depending on the number and types of
proposals received.  Proposals will be funded as outlined in the 1999 Appropriations Bill, which
provides that $10 million of the 1 percent set-aside for research and evaluation within the Local
Law Enforcement Block Grants funding should be used to fund research to enhance school safety.
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This program will identify and develop technologies to improve security in
schools.  The research will involve analyzing schools that use security technology to determine
strengths and weaknesses of these technologies, identifying available technologies appropriate for
schools and others that can be modified for use in schools, and determining areas where
technology needs to be developed to improve school security.
Health Status Monitor for Prisons
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding:   $350,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This project will develop technology to electronically monitor the status of
high-risk and suicidal inmates to pinpoint their location and ensure their safety.  The federal
Bureau of Prisons (BOP) will work cooperatively with NIJ and the Joint Program Steering Group
to develop this technology, which will be tested at a BOP prison facility to be determined.
Video Surveillance Technology Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $575,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ will support a project to develop and demonstrate innovative and novel
technologies that increase the effectiveness of automated video processing applications, such as
facial recognition, motion detection, event detection, and image understanding technologies.
Prison Contraband Study
Grantee: Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SPAWAR)
FY99 Funding:  $65,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ and the U.S. Navy will study the utility of contraband and drug detection
equipment in prisons.  The Navy plans to work with state and local corrections agencies to
conduct this study.
Electronic Crime
Grantee: SPAWAR and the Tennessee Valley Authority
FY99 Funding:  $300,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ will assess the needs of state and local law enforcement and the
supporting role of federal law enforcement in combating online and electronic crime.  This effort
will examine crime committed online and in an electronic environment, including computer crime,
high-technology crime, traditional and white-collar crimes, and crimes classified as cyberterrorism.
This needs assessment will include an analysis of law enforcement's current state of preparedness
and what needs have to be met to enable them to successfully investigate, solve, and prosecute this
broad spectrum of technology crime.
DNA Research Program
Grantee:  Competitive/Multiple Awards
FY99 Funding:  $3.2 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This 5-year effort will harness the tremendous growth in the field of DNA
technology by directing  research  in  DNA identification  testing systems towards development of
tools for the criminal justice community.  Through investigator-initiated solicitations, NIJ seeks
projects to achieve highly discriminating, reliable, cost-effective, and rapid DNA testing
approaches to identify or exonerate suspects in violent crime investigations.
Investigative and Forensic Science Technical Working Groups
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $1.1 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  NIJ will fund technical working groups to develop guidelines of best
practices to establish and improve standard practices for criminal justice officers in the areas of
eyewitnesses, evidence collection, crime scene investigations, law enforcement training, Federal
Rules of Evidence Rule 702 validation, and judicial admissibility.
Firearms Inquiry Statistics (FIST)
Grantee:  REJIS
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:   The FIST program collects statistics relating to the impact of presale firearm
checks, as required under the Brady Act, and related state legislation.  Statistical data obtained by
BJS under the program focus on the total number of inquiries related to firearm purchases, the
number of rejections, and the basis for the rejections.  Data are also collected separately
concerning the procedures followed by states in connection with presale checks under both the
Brady Act and related state legislation.
State Justice Statistics Program
Grantees:  State Statistical Analysis Centers
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  The State Justice Statistics Program provides support to state Statistical
Analysis Centers (SACs) that research and analyze criminal justice issues identified by BJS in
conjunction with other OJP components.  In FY 1999, BJS is encouraging SACs to collect and
analyze data derived from sex offender registries, criminal history record information, and incident-
based crime data.  Other areas of research and analyses include juvenile justice issues (see Chapter
5) and drugs and crime data.  Further information on the FY 1999 program and selected
topics/issues will be announced in the State Justice Statistics Program for Statistical Analysis
Centers: Program Application Guidelines, Fiscal Year 1999, expected for release in early 1999.
For a copy, contact the BJS Clearinghouse at 1-800/732-3277 or see the BJS Website at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/.
Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES)
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology
FY99 Funding:  $1.4 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description: The mission of OLES is to apply science and technology to the needs of the
criminal justice community, including law enforcement, corrections, forensic science, and the fire
service.  NIJ will support the development of methods to test equipment performance and examine
evidentiary materials, develop standards for equipment and operating procedures, develop standard
reference materials, and perform other scientific and engineering tasks required by NIJ.
COPLINK
Grantee:  Tucson, Arizona Police Department
FY99 Funding:  $232,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The Tucson Police Department and the University of Arizona Artificial
Intelligence Group are developing a relational search engine that makes use of artificial intelligence
and multimedia technology to improve the way criminal justice information databases are accessed
and searched.  In FY 1999, the final phase will refine the prototype system based on results from
testing and actual criminal case analysis.
Technology Initiatives
Grantees: Ultimate Enterprises, Ltd.
FY99 Funding:  $245,760
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Description: Ultimate Enterprises, Ltd. (UEL) will continue to support NIJ by providing
appropriate services for the Surplus Property Project.  Services include supporting NIJ in its
interface with the Secretary of Defense, the Defense Logistics Agency, and DOD Law
Enforcement Support Offices.  UEL will also assist in coordinating surplus property matters, as
well as the 1122 Program, with interested DOJ and other federal agencies, maintain and revise the
FEDQUIP manual and material for the Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET),
assist the National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Centers, and provide
professional assistance to NIJ in exchanges with Russia regarding Explosive Ordinance Disposal.
School Security Technologies Guide
Grantee:  Sandia National Laboratories (SNL)
FY99 Funding: $100,000
OJP Sponsor:   NIJ
Project Description: This grant will enable SNL to complete the School Security Technologies
Guide, by incorporating comments from an extensive group of school security and law
enforcement reviewers.  Following dissemination of the guide, its effectiveness will be evaluated,
and planning will begin for a second volume to incorporate evaluation results and new technologies
identified as appropriate for school security efforts.
Personal Alarm Monitors
Grantee:  Telephonics
FY99 Funding:  $650,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The personal alarm monitor is a system that can be used in corrections
facilities to monitor the location of officers within the facility and to provide real-time
communications between the officers and the facility control center. This phase of the project will
test the viability of the system and its value in corrections by incorporating additional features,
such as signals to indicate "man down," tamper alarms, and a low battery indicator.  The project
also will test prototypes in an occupied corrections facility.
Ring Airfoil Projectile
Grantee:  Guilford Engineering
FY99 Funding:  $250,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The Ring Airfoil Projectile is a blunt impact projectile that is nonlethal at the
muzzle. It was developed by the military and is now being modified for law enforcement
applications.  These modifications include developing a new launch device and the capability to
have pepper powder disperse on impact. A prototype launcher will be available in March 1999. FY
1999 funds will be used to develop the pepper powder dispersal system.
Vehicle Stopping Program
Grantee: To be selected from applications submitted in FY 1998
FY99 Funding:  $200,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  In FY 1997 and FY 1998, NIJ funded projects to identify and evaluate
electromagnetic devices suitable for testing in a laboratory setting.  In FY 1998, NIJ issued a
directed solicitation for proposals field testing actual electromagnetic car stopping devices.  FY
1999 funds will support proposals received in late FY 1998 for limited development and field
evaluation of electric or electromagnetic vehicle stopping systems.
Electronic Microchip
Grantees:  Nanogen and Whitehead Institute
FY99 Funding:  $1.3 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  These grantees are developing DNA microchips that use the "STR" genetic
markers required by the forensic community.  Using two different microchip platforms, the
projects' goals include increasing the speed of DNA analysis methods, decreasing the costs, and
miniaturizing the system to increase portability.
DNA Analysis by Mass Spectrometry
Grantee:  GeneTrace
FY99 Funding:  $500,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The development of a mass spectrometric method of analyzing forensically
important DNA markers allows DNA profiling to be reliably conducted in minutes instead of
hours.  This phase of the project includes refinement of robotics and inclusion of more forensic
markers for rapid and high throughput DNA profiling critical to achieving an accurate convicted
offender database (CODIS).
Teleforensics
Grantee: Multiple Awards
FY99 Funding:  $397,000
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description: This project will plan and evaluate technologies and techniques that can be
used at crime scenes to remotely access forensic or crime scene investigators in the laboratory.
Technologies developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) will be
evaluated for applicability to criminal justice agencies.
Program Assessment, Policy, and Coordination
Grantee:  SEASKATE, the Institute for Law and Justice, and Pymatuning Group Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $1.44 million
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  This project will continue support for policy panels that address liability,
technology, and community acceptance issues and assess internal practices and procedures related
to these areas.
For More Information
Funds awarded under the Byrne Formula and LLEBG programs described in Chapter 1 also may
be used to support technology initiatives.  In addition, several violence against women grant
programs award funds that may be used to enhance technology to combat domestic violence,
sexual assault, and stalking.  These programs are described in Chapters 4 and 11.  Also see
Chapter 13 for additional technology and information-sharing system training and technical
assistance initiatives, including NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology
Center (NLECTC) program, which provides criminal justice professionals with information on
technology, guidelines, and standards for these technologies, objective testing data, and technical
assistance to implement these technologies.  The program also supports JUSTNET, the Justice
Information Technology Network, an Internet-based technology information-sharing system that is
used by more than 40,000 corrections and law enforcement personnel each month.  JUSTNET
provides a gateway to information on new technologies, equipment, and other products and
services available to criminal justice professionals.  Information is available online at
www.nlectc.org or through a toll-free hotline at 1-800/248-2742.
Additionally, two purpose areas under OJJDP's Juvenile Accountability Block Grant (JAIBG)
program allow funds to be used for technology to assist prosecutors in identifying and expediting
violent juvenile offender prosecutions and to establish and maintain interagency information-
sharing programs that enable the juvenile and criminal justice systems, schools, and social services
agencies to identify, control, supervision, and treat serious juvenile offenders.  See Chapter 1 for
more information or access OJJDP's Website at www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
Chapter 9
Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives
Overview
Law enforcement is the most visible of all the criminal justice system components in a community.
For this reason, law enforcement has an enormous impact on how residents view the quality of life
in their neighborhoods, the criminal justice system, and the law.
In the more than 30 years since the first federally sponsored review of criminal justice operations in
the United States, policing in this country has changed dramatically.  Beginning with efforts in the
1960s and 70s, law enforcement agencies have worked to increase the effectiveness and efficiency
of their operations, improve relations with the communities they serve, and ensure the
professionalism of their officers and executives.  Today, most law enforcement officers have
received specialized training.  Law enforcement agencies make concerted efforts to recruit and
retain women and minority officers, and to ensure that the makeup of departments more accurately
reflects that of the communities they serve.  And, with the widespread adoption of community
policing, law enforcement officers no longer simply react to crime.  They have become problem
solvers in their communities, identifying crime-related problems and developing strategies--
together with residents--for preventing and responding to those problems.
Many of these changes have come about as the result of OJP funding, research, evaluations,
demonstration programs, training, and other assistance.  But along with this progress have come
new challenges:
   Many communities have made remarkable progress in addressing crime by implementing
  effective community policing programs, particularly as the result of funding provided by the
  Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS), the
  Administration's premier law enforcement assistance initiative.  But law enforcement needs to
  continue its efforts to work with other justice system components in a comprehensive,
  community-based strategy to address crime.  Community policing's community-based,
  problem-solving approach needs to expand to encompass other justice system components in a
  new, comprehensive approach known as community justice.  OJP is working to evaluate the
  effectiveness of community policing, refine and document effective approaches, and help
  expand community policing into a more comprehensive community justice strategy.
   Law enforcement must continue to improve its response to domestic violence.  Most law
  enforcement officers today recognize domestic or family violence as the serious crime it is--one
  that often leads to an intergenerational cycle of violence.  However, law enforcement agencies
  must do more to enhance their response to these crimes and ensure that every law enforcement
  officer is trained to respond effectively and compassionately to domestic violence incidents.
  OJP is working to help law enforcement agencies develop and implement policies and
  protocols within law enforcement agencies; provide training for law enforcement officers on
  the special considerations for working domestic violence, sexual assault, and stalking cases;
  and form partnerships with victim advocacy groups and other members of the criminal justice
  system to ensure victim safety and perpetrator accountability.  In addition to the programs
  described in this chapter, other OJP programs addressing this issue are described in Chapter 4.
   Law enforcement must continue to improve its response to crime victims.  The way police
  officers approach victims, at both the initial and subsequent contacts, has a significant impact
  both on the well-being of victims and on their capacity to cooperate effectively in the criminal
  justice process.  Police agencies can enhance their ability to respond effectively to victims
  through training, identification of community resources for victims, and incorporating victim
  assistance professionals or volunteer advocates into law enforcement efforts.  In addition to the
  programs described in this chapter, other OJP victim-related programs are described in Chapter
  7.
   Law enforcement needs access to sophisticated technology and other tools to do their jobs
  more effectively and efficiently.  Making advanced technology and other resources available
  and affordable, especially for small or rural law enforcement agencies, continues to be a
  priority for OJP.  For example, early NIJ research on body armor resulted in saving the lives of
  many law enforcement officers who purchased bullet-resistant vests that were tested and
  evaluated according to standards developed by NIJ.  Through NIJ, OJP is working to make a
  wide array of advanced technology, ranging from "smart" guns to crime scene DNA testing to
  advanced communication and information systems available to meet the needs of  law
  enforcement.  More information on law enforcement technology is provided in Chapter 8.
   Law enforcement is presented with major challenges in dealing with juveniles both juvenile
  perpetrators of crime and with juvenile victims.  Law enforcement practitioners are responsible
  for preventing and responding to violent juvenile crime and delinquency, juvenile involvement
  with guns, gangs, and drugs, school violence, and young crime victims and often need
  specialized training in handling juvenile cases.
OJP is working with state and local police and sheriff's departments, communities, and
professional associations to promote and maintain the highest level of professional competence and
capabilities in meeting the challenges of our rapidly evolving society.  In FY 1999, OJP is
administering two major new law enforcement initiatives.  The Police Corps is a college
scholarship program for students who agree to work in a state or local police force for at least four
years.  The program was recently transferred to OJP from COPS.  In addition, BJA will make the
first awards under the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Act of 1998.  Under this program, BJA will
provide funds to enable states, units of local government, and Indian tribes to purchase bulletproof
vests for law enforcement officers.
Through the programs described in this chapter and other efforts, OJP is helping law enforcement
agencies find effective and efficient strategies for identifying and addressing crime-related problems
in their communities, demonstrating those strategies in real situations, documenting the
results, and then providing training and technical assistance to help other communities adopt
effective approaches.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
Washington Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force (earmark)
Grantee:  Arlington County, Virginia Police Department
FY99 Funding:  $2.25 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  The Washington, D.C. Metropolitan Area Drug Enforcement Task Force will
continue to provide a visible law enforcement presence through the following activities: disrupting
major links between drug suppliers, distributors, and users; initiating enforcement action against
property owners who knowingly allow their property to be used in the distribution of illicit drugs;
developing comprehensive intelligence systems; and coordinating with appropriate agencies to
control illegal firearms used by drug organizations and drug traffickers.  A regional gang tracking
system also will continue to be supported.
Santee-Lynches Regional Council of Governments
Law Enforcement Program (earmark)
Grantee:  Santee-Lynches Regional Council of Governments
FY99 Funding:  $500,000
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The Santee-Lynches multijurisdictional community-oriented policing services
initiative will continue to demonstrate how nonmetropolitan units of local government, their
communities, law enforcement, and various public agencies and organizations can work in a
collaborative, proactive manner to significantly reduce violent crime, drug trafficking and abuse,
and gang and juvenile criminal activity.  The goal of this effort is to restore neighborhood safety
and enhance the quality of life in the community.
National Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Program
Grantees:  State agencies responsible for administering motor vehicle theft prevention efforts
FY99 Funding:  $1.3 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act  authorizes the U.S. Attorney
General to establish a national voluntary motor vehicle theft prevention program. The purpose of
the program is to identify vehicles that are not routinely operated during early morning hours or
near international land borders or ports, so that law enforcement officers can check a vehicle
before a stolen vehicle report has been filed.  Under the FY 1999 program, BJA is offering
implementation grants for states that have no statewide motor vehicle theft prevention decal
program in place and for states with existing statewide programs that wish to make the transition
to the Watch Your Car Program. Implementation grants of up to $200,000 will be awarded.
Supplemental awards of up to $50,000 for FY 1996 and 1997 recipients will be made on a case-
by-case basis to raise those recipients to the new $200,000 threshold. BJA encourages innovative
approaches to implementing comprehensive, unique vehicle theft prevention initiatives and will
evaluate applications on the size and scope of the proposed project and how it can work in concert
with other theft prevention measures. Other factors for consideration include the amount of public
and private resources leveraged in the proposal.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420.
Internet Crimes Against Children
Grantees:  Competitive
FY99 funding:  $5 million
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description:  In FY 1998, OJJDP made ten awards totaling $2.4 million to state and local
law enforcement jurisdictions to create multijurisdictional, multi-agency task forces to respond to
Internet crimes against children (ICAC).  The purpose of these task forces is to develop
comprehensive, locally based responses to the problems associated with computer crimes against
children.  It is anticipated that these task forces will become regional sources of ICAC expertise
and will provide assistance to parents, teachers, and law enforcement working on computer-
facilitated sexual exploitation issues.  In FY 1999, OJJDP will continue to support these task
forces and, in addition, will provide funding to an additional eight jurisdictions to develop similar
responses to computer facilitated child sexual exploitation offenses.
2001 World Police and Fire Games
Grantee: Community Research Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
BJA Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: The World Police and Fire Games promote friendly competition, fellowship
and international relations, while also serving to strengthen interagency cooperation and
community solidarity. BJA will provide technical assistance and funding resources for
administrative and program support to help provide a safe and secure environment and to facilitate
a substantive agenda for the event. It is anticipated that the Games, to be hosted in Indianapolis,
Indiana in the summer of 2001, will draw approximately 10,000 participants and 40,000 attendees.
Police/Probation Partnerships
Grantee: Center for Creative Alternatives
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Police and probation officers traditionally have dealt with the same criminal
offenders at different points in the criminal justice process and in isolation from each other.  Recent
efforts to implement police/probation partnerships have yielded a synergy that has benefitted both
disciplines. These partnerships are providing problem-solving tools for police, allowing probation
officers to supervise their case loads more intensively, and ameliorating crime "hot spots" in the
community. Where these partnerships have been implemented, cities report a reduction in crime. In
FY 1999, BJA will provide resources for technical assistance in the development and support of
additional police/probation partnerships.
Community Law Enforcement and Recovery (CLEAR) Program (earmark)
Grantee:  City of Los Angeles
FY99 Funding:  $3 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The CLEAR program brings together law enforcement and other government
and community agencies in a focused effort to rid neighborhoods of street violence.  The project
targets gang leaders and violent gang members.  Core participants include the Los Angeles Police
Department, the City Attorney's Office, the Mayor's Office, the Los Angeles County Sheriff's
Office and Probation Department, the District Attorney's Office, the city council and county
supervisors, and community stakeholders.  Program elements include probation officers riding with
police, gang information and data sharing across departments and between city and county, cross-
designation of city attorneys and district attorneys, an Unsolved Homicide Investigation and
Analysis Unit, gang conditions of probation, witness protection, and a Community Impact Team in
which community members and law enforcement officers work together to prioritize and address
local problems.  The goal of the program is to suppress gang activity and create an infrastructure
for reclaiming neighborhoods and restoring resident safety.
Operation Streetsweeper (earmark)
Grantee:  New Hampshire State Police
FY99 Funding:  $1.5 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The State of New Hampshire and northern New England have seen an
increase in the amount of drugs coming from the southern regions of the country.  Through
interdiction units, the state police has determined that most of these drugs are arriving by vehicle
couriers using the interstate highway system.  The increase in drug trafficking is attributed to mid-
to high-level drug dealers and associates working within the state.  Operation Streetsweeper will
provide funding for investigative equipment, confidential expenditures, and police overtime to
enable the state police to concentrate on major criminal targets that are manpower and resource
intensive.
Protocols for Law Enforcement and Medical Partnerships
Grantee:  Police Executive Research Forum
FY99 Funds: $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The professional activities of law enforcement officers and medical
practitioners frequently intersect.  Medical practitioners treat crime victims, violent criminals, and
illegal drug users and frequently witness emerging trends of strategic importance to law
enforcement decision-makers, such as changing trends in substance abuse, weapons used against
trauma victims, and demographic shifts in victim populations.  The Police Executive Research
Forum will research the areas of interrelationship between law enforcement and medical
professionals and develop protocols to facilitate partnerships between the two groups.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Police Corps
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $30 million
OJP Sponsor: Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education (OPCLEE)
Eligibility: College students who agree to work in a state or local police force for at least four
years
Project Description:  The Police Corps is a college scholarship program for students who agree to
work in a state or local police force for at least four years.  The funds cover education expenses,
including tuition, fees, books, supplies, transportation, room and board, and miscellaneous
expenses.  Police Corps participants are selected on a competitive basis by each state.  Students
must pursue an undergraduate or graduate degree and possess the necessary mental and physical
capabilities and emotional characteristics to be an effective law enforcement officer, be of good
character, and demonstrate sincere motivation and dedication to law enforcement and public
service.  Until September 13, 1999, up to 10 percent of Police Corps candidates may be persons
who have had some law enforcement experience and who have demonstrated special potential and
dedication to law enforcement.  Participants receive up to $7,500 per academic year, with a
maximum per student of $30,000.  Police agencies that employ Police Corps officers will receive
$10,000 per participant for each year of service, or $40,000 for each participant who fulfills the 4-
year service obligation.  However, police agencies whose average size has declined by more than 2
percent since January 1, 1993, or has laid off officers since that time, are ineligible for this
payment.  Additional information about this program is available by calling the Department of
Justice Response Center at 1-800/421-6770 or on OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/opclee/.
Vest Partnership Act of 1998
Grantees: State and local units of government and federally recognized Indian tribal governments
FY99 Funding:  $25 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Eligibility:  Units of state or local government and Indian tribes that have employees who meet the
definition of law enforcement officer provided in the Bulletproof Vest Partnership Act of 1998.
Broadly defined, law enforcement officer includes any officer, agent, or employee of a state, unit of
local government, or Indian tribe who is authorized by law or by a government agency to engage in
or supervise the prevention, detection, or investigation of any violation of criminal law, or who is
authorized by law to supervise sentenced criminal offenders.  This definition includes part-time and
full-time officers serving in parole offices, pretrial services, and jails.
Project Description:  BJA will award funds directly to states (including the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, United States Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana
Islands), units of local government, and federally recognized Indian tribes for the purchase of
bulletproof vests for law enforcement officers.  At least half of program funds will support grants
to units of local government with fewer than 100,000 residents.  Recipients are required to provide
at least 50 percent of the cost of each vest purchased under this program.  Indian tribal
governments may use other federal funds to provide this match.
Civil Disorder Initiative
Grantee: Community Research Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Since the St. Petersburg, Florida, riots of October and November, 1996, and
other more recent incidents, national organizations and local jurisdictions have sought assistance to
update existing contingency plans to respond to and mitigate civil disorders. To determine the need
for assistance, DOJ surveyed federal, state, and local public safety and emergency management
officials, state police officers standards and training directors, and national organizations. The
survey found that these officials believe the majority of jurisdictions have contingency plans and
training programs that are neither current nor practical. Accordingly, a Department of Justice Civil
Disorder Initiative was created. BJA was tasked to develop a model response plan and model
program of instruction to help state and local jurisdictions prepare for and respond to civil
disorders. Upon completion of these materials, expected in late summer 1999, BJA will offer the
services of technical advisers to jurisdictions seeking to utilize these materials. For more
information, contact Gale Farquhar, National Program Division, BJA, at 202/514-8528 or
gale@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Self-Assessment Guide for Law Enforcement Agencies On Recruitment, Hiring, Training, and
Retention of Women in Policing
Grantee:  National Center for Women in Policing
FY99 Funds: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The National Center for Women in Policing will develop a self-assessment
guide that can be used by law enforcement executives, managers, and policy makers to identify
strengths and weaknesses in their agencies' policies, procedures, and practices for recruiting,
hiring, training, and retaining women police officers.
Utah State Olympic Public Safety Command: Strategic Planning for Security for the
Salt Lake Olympic Winter Games in 2002 (earmark)
Grantee:  Utah Department of Public Safety
FY99 Funding:  $925,000
OJP Sponsor:     BJA
Project Description:  This project will supplement the $2 million BJA awarded the Utah
Department of Justice Safety in FY 1998 to develop and implement a public safety master plan for
the XIX Winter Olympic Games and the VII Paralympic Games.  The project is researching prior
events, designing a security planning structure, developing a security plan, identifying and
obtaining resources, and testing and refining the security plan.  The project also will implement the
plan during the Games and conduct a follow-up review.  Throughout this process, participating
local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies will be consulted to ensure that the public safety
master plan is coordinated among the various agencies.
National Law Enforcement Policy Center
Grantee:  International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
FY99 Funds:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The National Law Enforcement Policy Center establishes model law
enforcement policies that can be adopted by law enforcement agencies at the state and local levels
and used by law enforcement leaders for guidance and decision-making.  The Policy Center also
provides tuition-free regional policy development training for law enforcement agencies.  For
further information, contact Phil Lynn, IACP, at 703/836-6767 or visit IACP's Website at
www.theiacp.org.
Law Enforcement Facilities Guidelines
Grantee:  International Association of Chiefs of Police
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The IACP will continue to serve as the catalyst to bring about successful
collaborations among government officials, law enforcement leaders, engineers, architects,
contractors, and others involved in the design of police and public safety facilities.  The IACP also
will develop and support new and comprehensive police facility design guidelines to address
technological and philosophical advances in law enforcement.
Clandestine Laboratory Enforcement Strategic Planning Training
Grantee: Circle Solutions, Inc.
FY 99 Funds: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This continuation effort will build on previous phases to provide updated
training on a wide range of clandestine laboratory enforcement and cleanup issues. While using
core training staff and identifying new instructors, the project will continue to deliver training
programs designed to meet the growing needs of State and local agencies in this critical area.
Current training programs will be updated and modules will be expanded as needed. Project staff
will place a high priority on working closely with State and local agencies in designated High
Intensity Drug Trafficking Areas (HIDTAs) to ensure that their specific training needs are
identified and addressed.
Witness Intimidation Technical Assistance and Training
Grantee:  Police Executive Research Forum (PERF)
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Eligibility:  State and local law enforcement managers and executives
Project Description:  This project focuses on the development of model strategies and policies for
deterring intimidation of witnesses by criminals and their associates.  The program primarily
provides support to BJA-funded demonstration sites, with limited assistance to other law
enforcement agencies.  PERF will also continue to develop a resource document on witness
intimidation, conduct field conferences with all of the BJA Witness Intimidation Demonstration
sites, provide technical assistance to each demonstration site, and develop a final analytical report
of the problem of criminality among protected witnesses.  In addition, PERF will provide limited
technical assistance to nongrant agencies.  For further information, contact Clifford Karchmer,
PERF, at 202/466-7820 or visit the PERF Website at www.PoliceForum.org.
Rural Crime Prevention and Prosecution Program (earmark)
Grantee:  Tulare County, California District Attorney's Office
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This model program addresses the special needs of California's rural residents.
The program conducts educational activities to encourage farmers and ranchers to register their
equipment with the sheriff's office, to inform them of available security systems, and to work with
the media and various grassroots organizations to publicize prevention, suppression, and
prosecution actions that deter criminals.
National Summit on Law Enforcement Response To Victims of Crime
Grantee:  International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
FY99 Funding:  $150,000
OJP Sponsors: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC), BJA, National Institute of Justice (NIJ), and
OJJDP
Project Description:  The IACP will organize and facilitate a national summit on law enforcement
responses to victims of crime.  The purpose of this summit is to create a set of recommendations
and policy statements that will enhance justice and services for victims of crime.  In coordination
with OJP, IACP will develop an agenda for the summit to identify promising practices in
responding to crime victims, define specific problems hindering the provision of services, and
recommend solutions to these problems.
Ben Clark Public Safety Training Program (earmark)
Grantee:  Riverside, California Sheriff's Department
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The Ben Clark Training Center is a multidisciplinary public safety training
facility.  This project will enable the center to improve the curriculum offered to public safety
trainees; create a specialist and guest lecturer program; modernize, enhance, and develop
educational programs through the purchase and application of simulator, computer, and
communications technologies; prepare or modify existing classrooms, auditorium, and scenario
training sites for the installation and use of computers and other forms of technology; improve the
physical training site with modern training and evaluation equipment; and improve the existing
Website outreach program with a more comprehensive and interactive site that will allow students
to reserve classes and housing accommodations over the Internet.
Public Safety Training Institute (earmark)
Grantee:  Missouri
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  At the request of Congress, BJA will consider an application from the State
of Missouri to fund a Public Safety Training Institute.
Tools for Tolerance (earmark)
Grantee:  Simon Wiesenthal Center
FY99 Funding:  $2 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The Simon Wiesenthal Center will host intensive 5-day residential training
programs for teams of law enforcement officials from around the country.  Most training will take
place at its Museum of Tolerance.  The programs will have three goals: 1) to use the museum's
interactive and experiential learning experiences to help participants examine the dynamics of
prejudice and discrimination that lead to hate speech and hate crimes; 2) to help participants
examine these topics in the context of their workplaces and daily work; and 3) to identify "tools"
for tolerance that can help them more effectively address the changing role of law enforcement in
an increasingly diverse workplace and nation.  The program will include extensive follow-up,
dissemination, and consultation activities to jurisdictions across the United States, and the
enhancement of relevant Websites.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Policing Research and Evaluation
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsors:  NIJ (with the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services)
Project Description:  NIJ will seek research and evaluation proposals to build on and consolidate
earlier research findings in the area of community policing.  Multidisciplinary research efforts that
look beyond current practice and focus on creative prevention partnerships--for example, between
police and corrections, victims, schools, and the community--are encouraged.  Research and
evaluation efforts will be solicited in the following areas: community policing evaluations,
community policing organizational issues, management, community policing issues related to
victims of crime, school safety, police discretion, technology, and collaborative problem-solving
strategies between police and community and other organizations.
Corrections and Law Enforcement Family Support (CLEFS)
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1.5 million (Of this, approximately $500,000 will be made available for 5 to 7
research and demonstration projects.)
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Eligibility:  State and local law enforcement and correctional agencies, and organizations
representing law enforcement and/or correctional officers
Project Description:  Title XXI of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Assistance Act
of 1994 charged the Attorney General with the responsibility to make grants to state and local law
enforcement agencies to provide family support services.  NIJ was designated to implement the
portion of the Act pertaining to research, demonstration, evaluation, and dissemination of stress
prevention and intervention methods in support of state and local law enforcement, correctional
officers, and their families. Beginning in FY 1996, a total of 25 research and demonstration grants,
with a value of over $2.3 million, have been awarded in the area of law enforcement family support
(LEFS).  LEFS awards have been made to police agencies and organizations representing law
enforcement in 17 states.
In March 1999, NIJ will release a solicitation for research and demonstration programs that fill the
gaps in our current portfolio, particularly in the area of correctional officer stress.  NIJ also is
planning a National Conference on Law Enforcement and Family Support for November 1999. A
planning group will be convened to develop the scope and agenda for this conference.  The
planning group will include representatives from national law enforcement organizations and
unions, COPS, BJA, and current LEFS grantees.  A separate Program Design Team will also be
convened to begin planning a research demonstration program in the area of law enforcement and
family support. Finally, as LEFS grantees from FY 1996 and 1997 complete their work, NIJ will
publish and disseminate research findings and promising practices.
Law Enforcement Management and Statistics (LEMAS) Survey, 1999
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  $385,000
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description: Working with the COPS Office, BJS will conduct a survey of approximately
3,500 law enforcement agencies.  The survey will focus specifically on community policing
activities, personnel, operations, and the use of information systems.
For More Information
In addition to OJP's law enforcement initiatives, another Department of Justice component, the
Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) also provides assistance to law
enforcement agencies, primarily for hiring community police officers.  For information about
COPS funding and other assistance, call the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at
1-800/421-6770 or see COPS' Website at www.usdoj/cops/.
BJA's Public Safety Officers' Benefits (PSOB) program provides financial and emotional
assistance to the families of public safety officers killed in the line of duty and to officers who are
permanently and totally disabled as the result of traumatic injuries sustained in the line of duty. In
addition, BJA provides financial support for higher education to the spouses and children of law
enforcement officers killed or permanently and totally disabled in the line of duty.  For further
information about this program, see the BJA Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ or call BJA's
Program Benefits Branch at 202/616-9045.
Also see Chapter 1 for information on OJP formula grant programs that fund law enforcement
initiatives, such as the Edward Byrne Memorial State and Local Law Enforcement Assistance
Program, the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants Program, and the Juvenile
Accountability Incentive Grant Program.  Other chapters also contain descriptions of programs
that assist law enforcement agencies.  See Chapter 2 for a description of Weed and Seed and
other community-based initiatives with a law enforcement component, Chapter 4 (family violence),
Chapter 5 (juvenile justice), Chapter 8 (technology), Chapter 10 (terrorism), and Chapter 13
(technical assistance and training).  Information about OJP Websites and other resources is
included in Chapter 14.
Chapter 10
Countering Terrorism
& Ensuring Domestic Preparedness
Overview
Over the past decade, incidents of international and domestic terrorism, together with intelligence
reports projecting the potential for escalating incidents of terrorism in the United States, have led
to increased efforts at the federal level to counter terrorist threats and prepare law enforcement
and other government officials to better respond in the event of future incidents.  With the
availability of easily produced chemical and biological agents, nuclear and radiological instruments,
and conventional explosives, the potential for incidents involving weapons of mass destruction
(WMD) has mushroomed.  Although federal law enforcement, intelligence, and emergency
response agencies have been working together for many years to counter terrorism in the United
States, state and local agency personnel--the law enforcement officers, fire fighters, emergency
medical services personnel, and others who are usually first on the scene after a terrorist incident--
often lack the training, equipment, and other resources they need to effectively respond to terrorist
incidents involving WMD.
Although assessments of state and local needs related to domestic preparedness are limited,
available information points to the following:
	a need to better understand the full breadth and variety of first responders who must be
  	prepared;
 a need to more fully comprehend the range of types of incidents, as well as different phases of
  incidents, that require different training and preparation;
	a need to better understand the recovery phase demands of services for victims;
 a need for improved technology for chem-bio agent identification and explosive detection;
 a need for WMD equipment at the state and local level;
 a need for improved and increased availability of WMD planning and training for state and
  local emergency response agencies;
 a need for better and more available threat information and dissemination;
 a need for improved preparedness by medical practitioners;
 a need to address the issue of communications interoperability in responding to WMD
  incidents;
 a need for improved quarantine operations and mass decontamination facilities; and
	the need to better assess the nation's ability to completely and accurately document its level of
  	preparedness.
In 1998, at the request of the Congress, the Attorney General prepared a 5-year plan outlining the
Justice Department's strategy for improving the federal, state, and local response to terrorism.  As
part of this overall framework, in June 1998, the Office for State and Local Domestic Preparedness
Support (OSLDPS) and its national training center, the Center for Domestic Preparedness (CDP),
were created within OJP.  The Center for Domestic Preparedness at Fort McClellan is currently
the only facility in the free world where training using live chemical agents is available.  CDP
provides the kinds of hands-on training state and local first responders need to plan for and
respond to incidents involving WMD.  OJP has also provided support to a National Domestic
Preparedness Consortium for training, which includes Texas A&M, Louisiana State University, the
New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, and the Nevada Test Site, as well as Fort
McClellan.  In addition, OSLDPS provides funding to help state and local agencies purchase
equipment needed to respond to terrorist or catastrophic incidents.
A critical part of OJP's mission in the area of counter terrorism and domestic preparedness is to
closely coordinate these efforts with the National Security Council (NSC), the Department of
Justice's new National Domestic Preparedness Office (NDPO) in the FBI, the FBI's Weapons of
Mass Destruction Counter-Terrorism Center, and other federal agencies, including the Department
of Defense (DOD), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Department of
Health and Human Services (HHS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the
Department of Energy (DOE).  OJP will continue to work together with these agencies, and its
partners at the state and local levels, to counter terrorism and ensure domestic preparedness.
Other OJP components contribute to the effort to enhance the capabilities of state and local
jurisdictions to build, sustain, and institutionalize a comprehensive, coordinated strategy to
prevent, deter, effectively respond to, and manage incidents of domestic terrorism. For example,
BJA sponsors training for state and local law enforcement officers and prosecutors to increase
their understanding of domestic terrorism and the organizations and individuals who commit
terrorist acts.  NIJ supports the development of counter terrorism technology and equipment, and
OVC provides resources for U.S. citizens who are victims of domestic or international terrorism.
In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP will build on these efforts to implement a comprehensive program that
provides a continuum of assessment, equipment, training, practical exercises, evaluation, and
technical assistance to help prepare state and local jurisdictions to more effectively respond to
terrorist incidents.  OSLDPS and BJA programs to train state and local first responders will
continue to address domestic preparedness training shortfalls documented in preliminary
assessments.  NIJ's ongoing research, development and demonstration efforts to create law
enforcement application of counter terrorism technologies that can eliminate inadequacies in
screening, detection, and other terrorism defense phases will be continued, together with a special
emphasis on standards for developing and testing new counter-terrorism technology.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420.
State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Support Program
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $69.5 million
OJP Sponsor: Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support (OSLDPS)
Eligibility:  The nation's 157 largest cities and counties, as well as states and territories
Project Description:  Through the State and Local Domestic Preparedness Equipment Support
Program, funds will be provided to states and selected metropolitan jurisdictions to procure
personal protective, chemical/biological detection, decontamination, and communications
equipment.  This equipment will enable fire departments, law enforcement agencies, emergency
medical services, and hazardous materials response units to enhance their response capabilities in
state and local jurisdictions to incidents of domestic terrorism.
Fire and Emergency Services Equipment Support Grant Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $16 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Eligibility:  Local fire and emergency services agencies
Project Description:  Funds are provided to local fire departments, hazardous materials response
teams, and emergency medical services agencies to purchase personal protective, decontamination,
detection, and communications equipment to enhance their capabilities to response to terrorist
attacks involving weapons of mass destruction, including nuclear, biological, and chemical agents.
For further information, contact [OSLDPS - provide].
Fire and Emergency Response Communications Equipment Support Program
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $4 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Eligibility: Local emergency response agencies
Project Description:  Assistance will be provided to local jurisdictions to address the issue of
interoperable radio communications equipment for local emergency response agencies. OSLDPS
and NIJ will assist local jurisdictions in improving inter-agency and inter-jurisdictional radio
communications.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
State and Local Domestic Preparedness Technical Assistance Program
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $2 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Project Description: Grant funds will provide technical assistance support for state and local,
jurisdictions, including first responder agencies, to enable these jurisdictions and emergency
response agencies to better respond to WMD incidents.
Municipal Fire/Emergency Medical Services Training and Technical  Assistance Program
Grantee:  To Be Determined.
FY99 Funding:  $5 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Project Description: The Municipal Fire and Emergency Medical Services Training and Technical
Assistance Program provides no-cost assistance and training to municipal fire and emergency
services personnel in state and local jurisdictions.  This program will continue to provide state and
local fire and emergency medical service personnel with basic training in WMD awareness and
incident response and command procedures.
Training for State and Local Emergency Response Agencies
Grantees:  The National Domestic Preparedness Consortium Members:  The National Energetic
Materials Research and Testing Center; New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; the
National Center for Bio-Medical Research and Training, Louisiana State University; the National
Emergency Response and Rescue Training Center, Texas A & M University; and the National
Exercise, Test and Training Center, Nevada Test Site; and the Center for Domestic Preparedness,
Fort McClellan, Alabama
FY99 Funding:  $20 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Eligibility:  The Center for Domestic Preparedness at Ft. McClellan, Alabama will receive $8
million for training and operations.  Each of the remaining 4 consortium members will receive $2
million each for training and $1 million each for equipment.
Project Description:  Funding for the National Domestic Preparedness Consortium will support the
cost-effective delivery of training, including situational exercises, to the nation's state and local
emergency response community.  Training will enhance the capabilities of these jurisdictions and
individual agencies to better respond to incidents of domestic terrorism involving chemical and
biological agents and radiological and explosive devices.  Consistent with National Fire Protection
Association (NFPA) standards, training will be conducted at four levels:  awareness, operational,
technician, and incident commander.
State and Local Anti-Terrorism Training Program
Grantee:  Institute for Intergovernmental Research
FY99 Funding:  $2 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Project Description:  This project will continue to expand delivery of specialized, multi-agency,
anti-terrorism preparedness training.  The training--along with related research, law enforcement
intelligence operational issues development, and technical assistance support activities--will be
delivered to state and local law enforcement and prosecution authorities.  The project's training
initiatives will include executive workshops for law enforcement agency executives and
commanders, investigative workshops for state and local law enforcement investigators and
intelligence officers, executive briefings for law enforcement executives and command personnel in
rural areas, and train-the-trainers seminars.  For information about the availability of training,
contact Emory Williams, Institute for Intergovernmental Relations, 850/385-0600.
Addressing the Needs of Victims of Terrorism
Grantee: Interagency Agreement
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:   Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description: Working with OSLDPS, FEMA,  and HHS, OVC will develop capacity at the
state and local levels to respond to the needs of victims after a terrorist attack or act of mass
violence.  This initiative will involve focus groups and regional training on a variety of victim
issues, including death notification and crisis response.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Counter Terrorism Technologies
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $10 million
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Project Description: As part of OJP's response to the terrorist threat, NIJ has undertaken an effort
to enhance the safety of the public and of law enforcement officials by developing better tools to
anticipate, prevent, and recover from terrorist acts.  These funds will allow NIJ to capitalize on the
investment it has already made in this area by supporting the operational testing and assessment of
technologies currently under development by NIJ and other agencies.  NIJ will also support new
efforts to develop lower cost, most effective tools.  Proposed efforts include technology to detect
weapons of mass destruction, as well as concealed conventional weapons.  This initiative will
involve collaboration with OSLDPS, NDPO, the FBI, the Technical Support Working Group, and
other federal, state, and local agencies and laboratories.
State and Local Domestic Preparedness Needs Assessment Program
Grantee: Battelle Memorial Institute
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  OSLDPS
Project Description:  Funds are supporting an assessment of the needs and capabilities of state and
local jurisdictions to fully determine the status of and corresponding need for domestic
preparedness assistance throughout the United States.
The American Terrorism Study: Patterns of Behavior, Investigation, and Prosecution of
American Terrorists
Grantee:  University of Alabama at Birmingham
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  The project is examining three issues: changes in the behavior and tactics of
American terrorist groups, federal investigation and prosecution strategies in light of these
changes, and predictors of case outcomes and sentences, using a variety of demographic,
ideological/group affiliation, and legal variables.  The project also is reviewing federal criminal
cases arising from the indictment of persons whom the FBI has investigated for terrorism-related
activities from 1990-1999.
For More Information
For up-to-date information on OSLDPS training, equipment, and other programs, see its Webpage
at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/osldps/.  Funds from BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program also can be
used to support counter terrorism initiatives.  In addition, funds from BJA's Local Law
Enforcement Block Grants Program can be used to procure law enforcement equipment and to
support multijurisdictional task forces.  See Chapter 1 for a description of these programs or BJA's
Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/.
For information about other Department of Justice counter terrorism initiatives, see the Website
for the FBI's National Domestic Preparedness Office at www.ndpo.com or call
202/324-8186.
Chapter 11
Addressing Crime and Justice for
American Indians & Alaska Natives
Overview
Since the formation of the Union, the United States has recognized Indian tribes as sovereign
governments that exercise authority over their members and their territories.  Through treaties, our
nation guaranteed tribal rights to self-government and extended its protection to Indian tribes.
Under the federal trust responsibility, the United States has provided felony law enforcement in
most of Indian country since the 1880s through the Departments of Interior and Justice.  In other
areas, Congress delegated authority to states to exercise felony jurisdiction in Indian country.
Throughout Indian country, Indian tribes exercise concurrent authority over misdemeanor crimes
by Indians.
Today, many Indian Nations are experiencing an unprecedented realization of self-governance.
However, to sustain this momentum, the continued economic growth of tribal communities and
further development of the governing infrastructure are critical.  To support tribal efforts, Attorney
General Reno is leading the Justice Department in building partnerships at the state, federal, and
tribal levels to provide assistance to tribal governments, to enhance tribal judicial systems, and to
improve public safety and the quality of life in tribal communities.  OJP is committed to working
together with Indian tribes to support these endeavors.
A critical Department of Justice priority is to assist tribal governments in building comprehensive
and effective law enforcement and public safety systems to provide the foundation for healthy
communities.  While crime rates are falling throughout the rest of the nation, within Indian tribes
crime rates are rising.  American Indians experience violent crime at a rate that is twice that of the
general population.  Indian tribes report high rates of domestic violence, child abuse, aggravated
assaults, and violent crime strongly correlated with alcohol abuse.  Rape and sexual assault,
robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault occur at rates that translate into 1 violent crime for
every 8 American Indian residents age 12 or older compared to the national average of about 1
violent crime for every 20 residents of that age.  Rates of child abuse and neglect, which have been
declining among whites and blacks, are up 18 percent in recent years among American Indians.
A 1996 report by the Justice Department Inspector General concluded that there is a pervasive
lack of reliable crime statistics in Indian country, due primarily to the lack of law enforcement
manpower to record crime reports.  To address this problem, the Bureau of Justice Statistics has
conducted a special analysis using the National Crime Victim Survey and other statistical series on
the victimization of American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Aleuts. Findings show that American
Indians experience higher rates of violence in every age group and every income group than the
national average.  From the limited information available, we do know that the pervasive crime
problem among American Indians poses unique challenges for all levels of government.
At the same time, many Indian tribes suffer from severe economic problems.  Forty-nine percent of
the Indian adults in Indian country are unemployed.  Most Indian tribes have health, social, and
economic indicators lower than those in the general population.  Education attainment among
Indians is also far lower than the national average.  In addition, tribes suffer from a lack of
resources for law enforcement, tribal courts, prosecutors, and defender and victim services.
Because effective law enforcement and public safety are essential elements of healthy communities,
tribal governments need to further develop and expand comprehensive tribal justice systems and
services to their communities.  This work begins with families and schools.  OJP is supporting
tribal efforts to enhance the safety and protection of Native American women and children.  Major
support will be provided to tribal governments for juvenile justice efforts and will help tribes
ensure the accountability and management of offenders through effective community policing
services, criminal investigation, prosecutorial, tribal court, and probation services, as well as
detention and alternative sentencing programs.
In addition, in cooperation with the Department of the Interior, the Justice Department is
promoting effective law enforcement and public safety in Indian communities through the
President's Indian Country Law Enforcement Improvement Initiative.  In FY 1999, the DOJ will
provide $89 million for tribal police officer salaries (through COPS), equipment, training,
construction of detention facilities, juvenile justice programs, tribal courts, and federal law
enforcement efforts.
In concert with this inter-departmental effort, OJP is working with Indian tribes to address crime in
Indian country and ensure the safety of tribal communities.  OJP and its bureaus and program
offices are providing direct and indirect assistance to Indian tribes to ensure that Indian tribes are
able to access opportunities and information to strengthen their tribal justice systems.  The
development of culturally relevant tribal programs will strengthen the institutional capacity of tribal
criminal justice systems and enhance the coordination of federal law enforcement efforts in Indian
country.
At the same time, OJP's American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Office continues to coordinate
OJP assistance to tribal communities, consulting with tribal leaders and practitioners through
constituency meetings.  These meetings have produced vital information on juvenile justice
matters, emerging crime research needs, alcohol abuse and crime, and violence against
Native women. OJP also works closely with the Justice Department's Office of Tribal Justice and
other DOJ components to coordinate programing and other initiatives on tribal affairs.
In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP will continue to increase its efforts to channel justice-related resources
through discretionary grants and to make existing programs traditionally available to states and
local entities more relevant to the needs of tribal governments.  OJP will expand programmatic
support to enhance the capacity of tribal governments to address issues ranging from violence
against women, drug courts, victims services, juvenile justice, comprehensive planning through
Weed and Seed, law enforcement services, technology enhancement, tribal courts assistance, and
research efforts.
Continuation Programs
The following programs will be conducted by current or already designated grantees.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.
Children's Justice Act Partnerships for Indian Communities (CJA)
Grantee:  To be selected from FY 1998 applicants
FY99 Funding:  $1.272 million
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description: The CJA program supports Indian communities in developing, establishing,
and operating programs to improve the investigation, prosecution, and overall handling of child
abuse cases, particularly cases of child sexual abuse, in a manner that increases support for and
reduces trauma to child victims.  The partnership  projects address shortcomings in the tribal
criminal justice system and make systemic improvements in the overall response to serious child
abuse and child sexual abuse cases on the reservation.  In FY 1999, OVC will continue support for
eight existing CJA programs and will fund nine new CJA programs in FY 1999 to be selected from
applications submitted in FY 1998.
Children's Advocacy Centers in Indian Country
Grantee:  National Network of Children's Advocacy Centers
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: This program provides funding through an Interagency Agreement with
OJJDP to assist Indian tribes in establishing Children's Advocacy Centers (CACs) in Indian
country.  The Tulalip Tribe was selected as a demonstration site in 1996 to develop a coordinated
strategy to meet the needs of American Indian child victims and the criminal justice system.  In FY
1999, OVC will continue the program and support one or more new and/or existing CAC
demonstration sites in Indian country.  The funding may be used to assist a tribe in enhancing an
existing CAC program or to provide technical assistance in establishing a CAC program.  No new
applications will be solicited in FY 1999.  For more information, contact the Western Regional
Children's Advocacy Center, 301 West Thirteenth, Pueblo, Colorado 81003.  The telephone
number is 1-800/582-2203 or 719/543-0380.
Tribal Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Programs
Grantee:  National CASA Association
FY99 Funding:  $175,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  In addition to funding provided by OJJDP, OVC will provide continuing
support to CASA programs in Indian Country.  The funding will support four demonstration
programs, attendance of CASA staff at the National CASA conference, training and technical
assistance, and development of guidelines for all 14 tribal CASA programs.
Model Projects for Combating Underage Drinking in American Indian/Alaskan Native
Communities
Grantee:  Indian Rehabilitation, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $400,000
OJP Sponsor: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description:   The overall goals of the program are to reduce underage drinking by
establishing and enhancing efforts by American Indian/Alaskan Native communities, with a special
emphasis on prohibiting the sale to or the consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors.  The
program will also work to increase law enforcement awareness and activity regarding the sale of
alcohol to minors in American Indian/Alaskan communities and evaluate the effectiveness of the
demonstration projects.  During FY 1999, Indian Rehabilitation, Inc. will develop a program model
so that grantees will be able to implement the program and modify it to meet specific tribal
situations. Four tribal communities will be selected to implement the demonstration program.  One
site will be an Alaskan village, one a plains tribe, one a Southwest tribe or California rancheria, and
one a Southeast or Northwest tribe.  For more information, contact Sharie Cantelon at OJJDP,
202/616-3658 or Sharie@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Indian Country Triad: A Strategy to Reduce the Victimization
of Older Persons in Tribal Communities
Grantee:  To be selected from FY 1998 applicants
FY99 Funding:  $25,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  OVC will provide funding for a demonstration program on one Indian
reservation under federal criminal jurisdiction. The purpose of this program is to provide a
coordinated response to crime against the elderly by adapting the Triad program approach to
Indian country. Triad is a joint effort of the American Association of Retired Persons, International
Association of Chiefs of Police, and the National Sheriffs' Association to build  coordinated
services for elderly crime victims. Triad combines the efforts and resources of law enforcement,
senior citizens and organizations that represent them, and victim assistance providers.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420.
Tribal Court Initiative
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding: $5 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Eligibility:  Federally recognized Indian tribes
Project Description: BJA will assist tribal governments in the development, enhancement, and
continuing operation of tribal justice systems. These grants will be competitive, based upon the
extent and urgency of the need of each applicant, and will be supported with an extensive array of
technical assistance.  Once a formal plan is submitted to Congress, further information will be
made available by BJA.  Check BJA's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ for information as it
becomes available or call the BJA Clearinghouse toll-free at 1-800/688-4252 to be added to the
mailing list for program announcements.
Construction of Detention Facilities in American Indian and Native Alaskan Communities
Discretionary Grant Program
Grantee:  Limited competition based on appropriations language
FY99 Funding:  $34 million
OJP Sponsor: Corrections Program Office (CPO)
Eligibility:  To Be Determined
Project Description:  The Construction of Detention Facilities in American Indian and Alaska
Native Communities Discretionary Grant Program has $34 million available in FY 1999 to
construct jails on tribal lands for the incarceration of offenders subject to tribal jurisdiction.  CPO
will administer this discretionary grant program in accordance with the Congressional
Appropriations Committee Report and the Attorney General's priorities.
STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program
Grantees: See Below
FY99 Funding: $7 million total, divided as follows:  $5 million (approximately 50 grants in
amounts ranging from $84,000 to $100,000) for federally recognized tribal governments that
received grants in FY 1995 and 1997; and $2 million (approximately 20 grants in amounts from
$84,000 to $100,000) awarded competitively to other federally recognized tribal governments
OJP Sponsor: Violence Against Women Office (VAWO)
Project Description:  The program's primary purpose is to reduce violence against Indian women.
The program assists tribal governments to develop and strengthen the response of tribal justice
systems to violence committed against Indian women.  The program encourages tribal
governments to develop and implement effective strategies tailored to address their unique
circumstances in preventing and responding to violent crimes against Indian women, and to
develop and enhance services provided to Indian women who are victims of domestic violence,
sexual assault, and stalking.  The application kit was distributed in January 1999.  Training and
technical assistance also will be provided to tribal grantees.  This program also is described briefly
in Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence.
Native American Pass-Through Formula Grants Program
Grantees:  Native American/Native Alaskan organizations and programs
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act specifies that a
proportion of each state's Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention formula grant be made
available to fund programs for Indian tribes.  The Native American Pass-Through Program
provides funds to Indian tribes to perform law enforcement functions pertaining to the custody of
children.  Areas receiving funding include police efforts to prevent, control, or reduce crime and
delinquency; apprehension of criminal and delinquency offenders; and activities of adult and
juvenile corrections, probation, or parole authorities. Additionally, Indian tribal grantees must
comply with three mandated requirements of the Act: grantees may not detain status offenders in
secure detention or correctional facilities, detain or confine juveniles in any institution where they
have contact with adult prisoners, or detain or confine juveniles in adult jails or lockups.  For
more information, contact your state juvenile justice specialist listed on OJJDP's Website at
www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org.
Circles of Care Program
Grantee:  Center for Mental Health Services
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  The Circles of Care Program is a cooperative agreement between OJJDP and
the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS) of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health
Services Administration (SAMHSA).  The program will serve Native Americans with mental
health and substance abuse treatment needs by funding six to eight sites for three years to plan and
develop systems of care for American Indian youth who are seriously emotionally disturbed and/or
substance abusers.  Grantees will plan, develop, and implement a system of care that achieves
outcomes developed by American Indian, Alaskan Native, or urban nonprofit organizations serving
populations of American Indian or Alaskan Native youth.
Title V Program: Prevention Incentive Grants for Tribal Youth
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $10 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Eligibility:  Federally recognized Indian tribes
Project Description:  This program provides funds for comprehensive delinquency prevention,
control, and system improvement programs for tribal youth who have had or are likely to have
contact with the juvenile justice system.   For FY 1999, Congress appropriated $10 million for
delinquency prevention and juvenile justice system improvements for tribal youth.  It has not yet
been determined how FY 1999 funds will be allocated and awarded.  It is anticipated that tribes
will apply to OJJDP for funds via a competitive grant selection process.  Up to 10 percent of the
appropriation, or $1 million, is available for research, evaluation, and statistics projects in support
of this program.  Training and technical assistance will also be available to tribal communities on
risk-focused prevention models and strategies, early intervention strategies, and graduated
sanctions programs.  Up to 2 percent of the appropriation, or $200,000, is available for this
purpose.
Victim Assistance in Indian Country (VAIC) Discretionary Grant Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $1.028 million (approximately 20 grants from $40,000 to $60,000)
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:  Federally recognized Indian tribes where federal criminal jurisdiction exists
Project Description: The VAIC program creates permanent, accessible, and responsive victim
assistance services in Indian country.  It provides funding directly to Indian tribes governed by
federal criminal jurisdiction to support the establishment of reservation-based victim assistance
programs.  The full program description will be included in OVC's FY 1999 Application Kit.
More information is available on OVC's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/.
IHS Medical Forensic Psychologist
Grantee:  Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service (IHS)
FY99 Funding:  $107,393
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: This program will provide support for a mental health/forensic specialist to
conduct forensic interviewing, case tracking, case management, and facilitation of the Child
Protection Team for Indian child victims of sexual and physical abuse cases on the Wind River
Indian Reservation.  In collaboration with the Shoshone and Arapaho Tribes, IHS, and the U.S.
Attorney's Office for the District of Wyoming, Shoshone and Arapaho tribal prosecutor's office,
FBI Riverton Resident Agency, Wind River Police Department, and BIA Law Enforcement
Service, OVC will provide supportive services to child victims whose cases may proceed through
either federal or tribal court.  Training and support services will also be provided to state and local
child protection agencies as needed.
Demonstration Victim Witness Assistance Program In Indian Country
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:  Federally recognized Indian tribes where federal criminal jurisdiction exists
Project Description:  OVC will provide funding for a 3-year program to establish a demonstration
victim witness assistance program in Indian country.  FY 1999 funding will be used solely for a
planning grant.  Upon successful completion of first-year objectives, funding will be continued for
an additional two years.  The promising practices developed from this program will be available for
replication by other tribes.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
STOP Violence Against Indian Women Technical Assistance
Grantees:  Mending the Sacred Hoop Technical Assistance Project, American Indian Law Center,
Inc., and Sacred Circle, a project of Cangleska, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $1.2 million
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Project Description:  VAWO will continue to provide technical assistance to all tribes with active
STOP grants.  All new and continuation grantees are required to attend a series of technical
assistance meetings where they receive guidance on developing a detailed implementation plan. All
contractors are Native American experts and leaders in their respective tribal communities and/or
disciplines.  The goal of the STOP Indian program is to build the capacity of grantees to serve as
regional experts, as well as to provide advanced experience in program implementation to their
peers, demonstrating exemplary approaches tribal grantees are developing to combat violence
against Indian women.  In addition, specialized intensive training institutes will be
offered to both new and continuation grantees, and specialized materials that serve as the basis for
training tribal criminal justice personnel will be produced.
Sexual Assault Forensic Training and Equipment
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: Through an Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service (IHS),
OVC will provide funding for training and photographic equipment to document forensic exams of
child abuse and sexual assault victims at IHS clinics and hospitals in Indian country.  The
photographic documentation is designed to minimize or prevent transporting Indian child victims,
an escort/parent, and an FBI agent or criminal investigator long distances to large urban hospitals
in order to conduct and document medical diagnosis of victims in physical or sexual abuse and
sexual assault cases.  The photographic equipment will enable the attending physician, nurse, or
sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) to properly document medical observations and findings,
thus minimizing or avoiding repeated colposcope examinations of child victims.  Training sessions
will be scheduled for attending physicians, nurses, and SANEs in the proper use, application, and
maintenance of the equipment.  IHS will seek consultation from the Victim Witness Specialist in
the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia and the Children's Advocacy Center of the
Uniformed Services at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland.
Telemedicine Pilot Project
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility: Tribal governments, tribal organizations, and facilities that provide medical assistance to
crime victims in Indian country
Project Description: Through an Interagency Agreement, OVC will provide funding for training
and computer software that allows secure/unalterable scanning and transmission of medical and
diagnostic images in sexual abuse, physical abuse, and sexual assault cases in Indian country.  This
project is different from the above in that this project will be made available to selected medical
clinics or hospitals that do not have an attending physician onsite or must refer their initial medical
observations to an expert for a second opinion.  This project is also designed to minimize
transporting Indian child victims long distances to urban hospitals in order to conduct and
document specialized medical diagnosis of victims in child sexual abuse cases.  It will minimize
repeated forensic sexual assault medical exams and/or colposcope examinations of victims.  The
project will seek consultation from the Victim Witness Specialist in the U.S. Attorney's Office for
the District of Columbia and the Children's Advocacy Center of the Uniformed Services at the
National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland.
Mental Health and Social Services Program
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the Indian Health Service
FY99 Funding:  $25,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description:  In collaboration with the Indian Health Service, OVC will continue support
for two training seminars for child protection and multidisciplinary teams in Oklahoma and
Billings, Montana.  The seminars will focus on child abuse issues and the development of strategies
to address these issues.
Tribal and Federal Judges Training
Grantee:  University of North Dakota, Tribal Judicial Training Institute
FY99 Funding:  $150,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Project Description: OVC will continue its program to provide legal education to tribal and federal
judges on the adjudication of child sexual abuse cases occurring in Indian country.  The program
will provide training on federal procedural law involving the Federal Rules of Evidence, the
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures, and the Major Crimes Act.  Issues of prosecutorial
discretion and relevant tribal law regarding child abuse cases will also be covered.  This program
includes a scholarship component for travel by tribal judges to attend other OVC-sponsored
conferences and training workshops on crime victim issues.
Juvenile Justice Training and Technical Assistance for Native American/Native Alaskan
Communities
Grantee:  American Indian Development Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding:  $300,000
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This program provides training and technical assistance for Native American
and Native Alaskan jurisdictions on improved management, information systems, data collection
and analysis, assessment, and planning.  In addition, this program involves the American Bar
Association/OJJDP partnership to address issues related to juvenile defense services and/or pretrial
diversion opportunities.  Phase One of this activity consists of a juvenile defender services
assessment in Native American communities.  This information will be used to design a project to
address the needs of Native American communities.  For more information about this project,
contact Bob Hubbard, OJJDP, at 202/616-3567 or Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Indian Nations Conference
Grantee:  University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
FY99 Funding:  $50,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC, OJJDP, and VAWO (with COPS)
Project Description:  OJP will sponsor a seventh national conference to train victim assistance
personnel and criminal justice professionals on providing services and securing rights for crime
victims in Indian country.  The conference will bring together service providers, prosecutors, law
enforcement officials, judicial personnel, and health and mental health professionals from the tribal,
federal, and state levels.  The conference will highlight promising practices for serving American
Indian victims and will emphasize cooperation and coordination among tribal, federal, and state
agencies that preserve the integrity of tribal cultures.  A conference resource manual for
participants will be prepared to accompany the training.  Competitive applications were solicited in
FY 1998 and the conference will be held in September 1999.  This funding will supplement the FY
1998 grant.  For further information, see OVC's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/, or contact
Cathy Sanders, OVC, at 202/616-3578 or Cathy@ojp.usdoj.gov.
Crime Analysis and Planning Strategies for American Indian and Alaskan Native
Communities
Grantee:  Fox Valley Technical College (FVTC)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This training initiative is designed to assist tribal jurisdictions in developing a
comprehensive model for identifying crime risk and assessing its impact. The project's focus is
fostering cohesive partnerships and better coordinating law enforcement with other components of
the criminal justice system and community. Seven training sessions involving more than 35 tribal
governments will have been conducted by the project's end date, March 1999.  For more
information, contact Edward Krueger, FVTC, at 920/735-2517 or krueger@foxvalley.tec.wi.us.
Tribal Strategies Against Violence Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee:  National Crime Prevention Council
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) will continue to provide on-
and off-site training and technical assistance to the seven Tribal Strategies Against Violence
(TSAV) demonstration sites. In addition, NCPC will produce and distribute a document outlining
the successes, challenges, and lessons learned through the TSAV initiative.
Alaska Native Technical Assistance and Resource Center
Grantee:  University of Alaska Anchorage Justice Center
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Eligibility:  Alaska Native and rural jurisdictions
Description of Services:  The emphasis of this project is to extend Alaska Native village capability
to conduct community analysis and community problem solving.  This program will focus on
training staff from each participating village in program management, while providing onsite
technical support and resource access.  As staff assist their own villages, they will learn how to
provide similar instruction and technical support to peers in future partnering villages.  Over the
course of three years, this project will enhance the capacity of 52 rural Alaskan villages.  In
addition, the grantee, working in partnership with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, will develop and implement
a 1-year study to examine the feasibility of establishing a comprehensive mental health
and substance abuse treatment program for children and families in Alaska.  For further
information, E-mail the project director at ayjust@uaa.alaska.edu.
Corrections Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee: Criminal Justice Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  CPO
Eligibility:  American Indian and Alaska Native recipients of CPO construction grants
Project Description: CPO is developing a comprehensive technical assistance program that
includes workshops, training, and site-specific assistance for American Indian and Alaskan Natives
on policy and operational issues related to the effective implementation of its grant programs.
Technical assistance is available to substance abuse practitioners and to tribal officials responsible
for making policy decisions related to corrections, and for developing and implementing programs
related to CPO grants.  CPO established a toll-free Technical Assistance Line (1-800/848-6325),
which can be used to request assistance.  Technical assistance available from CPO is generally
provided without charge to a requesting agency.  The schedule for CPO
conferences, workshops, and training sessions can be accessed on the Internet at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo.
Training and Technical Assistance for Children's Justice Act Partnerships for Indian
Communities
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:   American Indian/Alaskan Native organizations or educational institutions with
expertise in providing nationwide training and technical assistance to grantees in Indian country,
including training in victims issues
Project Description:  This program will provide funding to continue skills-building training and
technical assistance to Children's Justice Act (CJA) grantees to help them successfully implement
their projects.  The program will assess the needs of grantees and develop plans to meet those
needs; provide onsite and telephonic technical assistance to both new and continuing grantees; and
produce written papers, bulletins, monographs, and other information to assist child victims in
Indian country.  The program will also support a post-awards conference for CJA grantees.
Training and Technical Assistance for Victim Assistance in Indian Country (VAIC)
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:  American Indian/Alaskan Native organizations or educational institutions with
expertise in providing nationwide training and technical assistance to grantees in Indian country,
including training in victims issues
Project Description: This project provides comprehensive, skills-building training and technical
assistance to tribal grantees of the Victim Assistance in Indian Country program.  It will focus on
direct services to crime victims and also provide funding to organize a post-award conference for
VAIC grantees.
Issues Report on Victims' Rights in Indian Country
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:  American Indian and Alaskan Natives tribes and tribal organizations
Project Description: This program will develop an issues report on victims' rights in Indian
country.  The grantee will examine what rights have been established by various tribes and the
barriers to implementing victims rights in Indian country.  The targeted audience for the report will
be Indian leaders.
Post-Rape Stress Video for Indian Country
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $75,000
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Eligibility:  American Indian and Alaskan Native organizations, educational and health institutions,
and video production companies.  The recipient must have expertise on staff or be able to
coordinate with an expert grounded in post-rape stress issues.
Project Description:  This program will fund the development of an Indian-specific video on
post-traumatic stress as a result of rape and sexual assault.  The primary purpose of the program is
to describe a standardized hospital-based video intervention incorporating modeling of medical
exam procedures, as well as psycho-education and instruction designed to reduce acute and longer
term post-rape distress.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Indian Country Research and Statistical Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined.
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and CPO
Project Description: Research projects on crime and justice issues in Indian country are planned in
a number of areas for FY 1999.  For example, under this project, NIJ and CPO will facilitate
partnerships between researchers and practitioners to examine issues relating to American Indian
and Alaska Natives in areas such as:  the relationship between alcohol, substance abuse, and crime;
the effectiveness of culturally appropriate programming and intermediate sanctions for
adults and youth under tribal jurisdiction; culturally appropriate sanctioning approaches; and the
role of the tribe and extended family in tribal justice administration, sanctions, and intervention.
Violence Against Women Issues Facing Native Women
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $500,000 for five or six awards of up to $100,000 each
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ and VAWO
Eligibility:  Educational institutions, nonprofit organizations, public agencies, individuals, and
profitmaking organizations that are willing to waive their fees.  Where appropriate, special
eligibility criteria are indicated in separate solicitations.
Project Description:  In collaboration with VAWO, NIJ is soliciting proposals for research on
violence against women among Indian tribes.  Grants will be awarded in conjunction with the
STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program.  The STOP program
encourages tribal governments to develop and implement effective strategies to address their
unique circumstances in responding to violent crimes against Indian women, and to develop and
enhance services provided to Indian women who are victims of violent crimes. Proposals are
encouraged for qualitative or quantitative research studies aimed at improving our understanding
of violence against women in tribal communities.
Technical Resource Committee for the University of Arizona STOP Violence Against Indian
Women Evaluation project
Grantee: To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Project Description:  A technical resource committee to enhance the impact evaluation of the
STOP Violence Against Indian Women Discretionary Grant Program will be supported.  The
purpose of the evaluation is to assess the effectiveness of tribal programs aimed at reducing
violence against women.
For More Information
In addition to the Indian-specific programs described in this chapter, Indian tribes and tribal
organizations are also eligible to apply for direct assistance through other OJP programs as
organizations, nonprofits, local units of government, or public agencies.  Indian tribes, tribal
organizations, and tribal individuals (for research activities) are encouraged to apply for available
funds listed in this chapter and elsewhere throughout the Program Plan. Additionally, Indian tribes
are eligible to apply for subgrants from OJP formula grant funds awarded to state agencies.  OJP
formula grant programs are described in Chapter 1.  Native American communities also are eligible
to access much of the training and technical assistance described in Chapter 13, and apply for
Official Recognition as a Weed and Seed site (see Chapter 2).  Also see Chapter 3 for a
description of training and technical assistance available to tribal drug courts.
Many Indian tribes continue to build on their coordinated community responses by applying for
either technology or additional police officers through the Grants to Encourage Arrest Policies
program (see Chapter 4)  and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grants program (see Chapter
1).  Some tribes are beginning to address the link between domestic violence and child abuse with
funds through the Rural Domestic Violence and Child Victimization Enforcement program
(see Chapter 4).  Tribes have also accessed juvenile justice mentoring programs and worked with
the National Court Appointed Special Advocates to further develop court appointed special
advocates projects in tribal communities (see Chapter 5).
Guidance is available from OJP's American Indian and Alaska Native Affairs Office by calling
202/616-3205 or accessing the Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/aian.  Information on OJP funding
programs also is available by calling the Department of Justice Response Center toll-free at 1-
800/421-6770.  Additional resources are described in Chapter 14, For More Information.
Chapter 12
Supporting Innovation in Adjudication
Overview
The challenge of dispensing justice in today's crime control environment has prompted new
strategies in adjudicating offenders.  These approaches reflect a renewed emphasis on ensuring
public safety and offender accountability, while, at the same time, improving the efficiency and
cost-effectiveness of the adjudication process.  Today's most innovative approaches to
adjudicating offenders build on the problem-solving strategy pioneered in community policing to
involve prosecutors and court officials in working more closely and strategically with their
communities.  In many jurisdictions today, prosecutors are working with law enforcement and
other justice and service agencies, as well as with community residents themselves, to ensure
coordination, information-sharing, and problem-solving strategies focusing on overall improvement
of the community environment.
New initiatives--such as drug courts, restorative justice, teen courts, and community prosecution--
are in place in many states' justice systems.  These innovations thrive and depend on partnerships
that involve the community, justice agencies, and targeted service providers in a unified approach
to preventing crime and delivering appropriate justice services and sanctions.  Within the justice
system, several jurisdictions have formed adjudication partnerships involving the courts,
prosecution, and public defenders working on coordinated, interagency efforts to address existing
problems with existing resources.  The formation  of these new alliances has emphasized the need
for rethinking case processing policies and related information-sharing practices, integrating data
systems, and establishing communication networks to ensure that community safety goals are
realized.
In Fiscal Year 1999, OJP is committing technical assistance resources to continue and expand
training resources for judges, prosecutors, and public defenders; support innovative justice
program models; and focus attention on emerging issues in enhancing juvenile and criminal justice
statutes. National reporting systems administered through BJS and OJJDP will receive funding to
update information on the organization, work, and trends of juvenile and criminal courts in the 50
states and the District of Columbia.  In partnership with BJA, BJS will implement a national-level
data collection  program to measure the way in which states and localities  provide legal services
for indigent defendants.  Crimes against the elderly is the subject of a new BJA grant program.
OJJDP will continue providing technical assistance to help
juvenile and family court systems to improve the handling of child abuse and neglect cases.
NIJ is developing a research agenda that will examine the impact of specialized courts on the entire
court system; the effect of programs to increase public understanding of the court system; the
impact of innovative procedures addressing the needs of juveniles being waived into the adult court
system; and technology's impact on courtroom procedures and public access to litigation. OVC is
funding the development of information and training materials on victim-related issues for juvenile
court personnel and probation staff use in improving services to victims of juvenile offenders.
These initiatives are described in this chapter.  A major initiative also is planned to assist state and
local governments in the design and operation of justice integrated information systems. This
initiative is described in Chapter 8, Enhancing Technology's Use In Addressing Crime.
New Programs
Funding for the following programs will be available as noted.  For information about individual
program solicitations or application kits, check OJP's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov or call the
National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) at 1-800/851-3420.
Community Prosecution Grant Program
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $5 million
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Eligibility:  To Be Determined
Project Description: In FY 1999, under the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services'
(COPS), Congress appropriated $5 million to be used for pilot community prosecution programs.
Funds will support efforts to plan, implement, or enhance community prosecution programs.  OJP
is funding the program, which will be managed by BJA.  OJP is developing program guidelines and
application material, including eligibility requirements for this program, which should be available
in late March 1999.  As it becomes available, further information will be posted on OJP's Website
at www.ojp.usdoj.gov.
Strategies for Community Prosecution
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $85,000 each
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Eligibility: State, local, and tribal public prosecutor offices.
Project Description: BJA solicited proposals in FY 1998 from state, local, and tribal public
prosecutor offices to develop long-term, proactive strategies involving a partnership among the
prosecutor's office, law enforcement, the community, and public and private organizations in
which the authority of the prosecutor's office is used to solve problems and improve public safety.
In FY 1999, BJA will make awards to those submissions selected through peer and BJA staff
review.
Strategies for Developing Community Courts
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $225,000 each
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Eligibility: State, local, and tribal courts and units of government.
Project Description: In FY 1998, BJA solicited proposals from state, local, and tribal courts and
units of government to develop community courts that are linked directly to the communities they
serve, that focus on problem solving, and that respond immediately in each case with appropriate
sanctions and assistance. In FY 1999, BJA will make awards to those submissions selected through
peer and BJA staff review.
Emerging Issues in Indigent Defense Management and Technology
Grantee: Competitive
FY99 Funding: Multiple awards of up to $80,000 each
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Eligibility: State, local, and tribal indigent defense offices.
Project Description: BJA solicited proposals in FY 1998 from state, local, and tribal indigent
defense offices to improve case management practices and build capacity to access technology.
Applicants were invited to submit concept papers under two broad categories: (1) improving case
management and (2) training. Improving case management may include, but is not limited to, early
entry into cases, expanding defender resources, expediting the assessment and disposition of cases,
and increasing client access to social services. Priority will be given to proposals that fund training
addressing emerging technology and evidentiary aids such as DNA testing. In FY 1999, BJA will
make awards to those submissions selected through peer and BJA staff review.
The Justice Project
Grantee:  Fund for the City of New York
FY99 Funding: $500,000
OJP Sponsor: Various OJP components
Project Description:  The Center for Court Innovation will help develop and shape a national
conversation about the impact of problem-solving roles among criminal justice practitioners. A
group of experts, including judges, court administrators, law professors, prosecutors, defense
attorneys, and others will be convened to provide input and help guide the project. Public
discussions will be held at selected law schools around the country. These discussions will be
documented and broadly disseminated.
Telemarketing Fraud Against the Elderly
Grantee:  Competitive
FY99 Funding:  $450,000 (for 3 to 5 grants)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Eligibility: State and local prosecutors and investigators
Project Description:  BJA is soliciting proposals from state and local prosecutors and investigators
with an established protocol to assist victims of financial crimes to serve as demonstration sites for
a collaborative, multijurisdictional approach to prosecuting and preventing telemarketing fraud and
other scams targeting the elderly. Selected sites will demonstrate their ability to coordinate efforts
among investigators, prosecutors, private-sector partners, and others to identify and shut down
fraudulent telemarketing schemes and enhance prevention efforts. These sites will work with the
Telemarketing Fraud Training Task Force--which comprises the National Association of Attorneys
General, the American Prosecutors Research Institute, the National White Collar Crime Center,
and the American Association of Retired Persons--to enhance current enforcement, prosecution,
and prevention efforts. The experiences of the selected sites will be documented and assessed for
possible replication in other jurisdictions.
Training, Technical Assistance, and Capacity-Building Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
Adjudication System Technical Assistance Project
Grantee:  American University
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  In partnership with the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, the
Pretrial Services Resource Center, and the Justice Management Institute, American University will
continue to provide technical assistance to state and local criminal courts and to other adjudication
systems, such as pretrial and defense. This technical assistance will include onsite consultation to
individual courts and jurisdictions by senior practitioner experts drawn from the national
adjudication system community and from senior staff of the consortium organizations; self-help
workshops for judicial system representatives on topics of common interest; publication of best-
practice guides on topics of importance to judicial system planning and operations; and office-
based assistance provided by senior staff of the consortium organizations.  For further information,
see the Website at www.american.edu/justice.
Community Prosecution Technical Assistance
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) will build on the
training and technical assistance developed in previous grant periods to enhance its documents and
workshops serving prosecutors interested in planning and implementing community prosecution
programs. Funding also will be provided to at least three demonstration sites to support the
planning and implementation of community prosecution programs. APRI will document the
progress of the site visits and report its findings through its various national publications.
Community Court Technical Assistance
Grantee:  Center for Court Innovation
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Description of Services: Under this project, the Center for Court Innovation provides assistance in
developing a community court.  Located in neighborhoods rather than centralized office
complexes, community courts take an aggressive approach to solving neighborhood problems such
as vandalism, landlord-tenant disputes, juvenile delinquency, drug trafficking.  Staff at the Center
for Court Innovation answer questions about community courts, provide information and practical
tools, lead tours of the Midtown Community Court the first community court in the nation and
offer individualized planning support.  For further information see the Website at
www.communitycourts.org or call the Center for Court Innovation at 212/373-8098.
Assessment and Enhancement of Indigent Defense Services
Grantee:  National Legal Aid and Defender Association
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This project will help state and local indigent defense organizations improve
the management of drug and violent crime cases.  NLADA will develop and distribute
comprehensive evaluation instruments for the project's onsite training and various technical
assistance initiatives. The results of the training will be analyzed to improve and expand future
technical assistance to the defender community.  NLADA will also begin an in depth study of
defender caseloads and workloads that will be an important resource for updating caseload
standards. For more information, see NLADA's Website at www.nlada.org.
Assistance to Indigent Defense: Strengthening Defender Management
Grantee:  Vera Institute of Justice
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This project seeks more active participation of defender managers in criminal
justice system policy development and planning. The Vera Institute of Justice will deliver training
and technical assistance to defender managers across the country to give them the skills and
knowledge to actively participate in system-wide policy development and planning. This project
will support three weekend-long executive seminars for 100 defender mangers, training modules
for statewide workshops, post-training video conferences on emerging issues, and at least three
issue briefs. The project complements the training and technical assistance currently offered by the
National Legal Aid and Defenders Association, the American Bar Association, American
University, and The Spangenberg Group.
Computer Crimes Project
Grantee:  National Association of Attorneys General
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The National Association of Attorneys General (NAAG) will assist state
attorneys general in examining computer crimes and advanced computer technology systems used
to commit computer crimes.  NAAG will undertake a variety of activities to facilitate
communication and cooperation among the states in establishing new computer crime units.
Suffolk University Law School Juvenile Justice Center
Grantee:  Suffolk University Law School
FY99 Funding:  $1.3 million
OJP Sponsor:  Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Project Description: The Suffolk University Law School Juvenile Justice Center works to improve
the quality of legal representation provided to juveniles charged with crimes in designated Boston
area courts.  To achieve this goal, the center will provide three types of services: direct,
comprehensive legal representation by staff and student attorneys; substantive and procedural
training for the juvenile defense bar;  and a program of outreach into community youth programs
and schools.  The Juvenile Justice Center also will establish important linkages with relevant
community organizations and agencies to further promote the comprehensive legal representation
of juveniles.
Juvenile Justice Prosecution Unit
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project aims to increase and improve prosecutor involvement in juvenile
justice.  It assembles and disseminates program information and research findings to prosecutors,
and conducts a continuing needs assessment by a working group of experienced prosecutors on
district attorney requirements in the juvenile justice area.  This project also develops and presents
specialized training seminars for elected and appointed district attorneys and for juvenile unit chiefs
on prosecutor leadership roles in the juvenile justice system and clarification or resolution of
important juvenile justice issues.
Youth Court-An Intensive Training and Technical Assistance Delivery Program
Grantee:  To Be Determined
FY99 Funding:  $400,000 (including $50,000 from the U.S. Department of Education)
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Youth courts typically handle alcohol and minor drug offenses involving
juveniles.  These programs are designed to prevent delinquency by holding young people
accountable for their delinquent and criminal behavior by enforcing constructive sanctions in the
peer group and in the community.  This project will provide intensive training and technical
assistance to strengthen existing youth court designs and to support the development of new youth
courts based on effective design models.  OJJDP is collaborating with the United States Attorney's
Office for the Northern District of New York and the Departments of Transportation, Education,
and Health and Human Services to enhance the delivery of training and technical assistance.
Development of Caseload Standards for Prosecutors
Grantee: American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This funding will continue the development and implementation of  caseload
standards for prosecutors which will help prosecutors make personnel and resource allocations.
The project will also develop a workload assessment guide that can be applied in jurisdictions
throughout the United States. A comprehensive background examination of the issues and
problems associated with establishing caseload standards for local prosecutors will be conducted.
The project will offer comparisons of prosecutor's office and individual caseloads from selected
jurisdictions across the country that should provide a meaningful workload assessment and
budgeting tool.
Urban Court Managers Network
Grantee: Justice Management Institute
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: This project enhances the ability of a key group of justice system practitioners,
court administrators in America's urban trial courts) to serve as catalysts for taking action on
promising innovations such as community courts, court-monitored drug testing and treatment
referrals, domestic violence programs, and delay reduction initiatives.
Behind Closed Doors: Improving Jury Deliberations
Grantee:  American Judicature Society
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The American Judicature Society (AJS) will promote and market the Jury
Deliberation Guidebook to various court jurisdictions and professional organizations so that the
importance and usefulness of providing guidance to jurors before they begin deliberations can be
demonstrated. The project will conduct impact studies and make presentations to selected
jurisdictions, judicial conferences, and to the ABA annual meeting.  AJS also will develop a CD-
ROM for distribution to state judicial education centers.
Statewide Magistrate Information System
Grantee:  North Carolina Administrative Office of the Courts
FY99 Funding: $10 million (Transfer from COPS)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This project continues and enhances the activities of a grant to support the
installation and training of a statewide automated magistrate system. The project will provide
software and licenses for all of North Carolina's 100 counties and hardware for six counties. The
automated magistrate system will provide every magistrate with the technology to immediately
enter magistrate orders into the statewide criminal justice information system and to instantly
access real-time defendant information on prior offenses, court supervision, and bond status.
(See also Chapter 8, Enhancing Technology's Use in Addressing Crime.)
Judicial Education and Training (earmark)
Grantee:  National Judicial College
FY99 Funding:  $1 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This award is a supplemental grant to continue the National Judicial College's
training for state and local trial judges. Training supported by this grant will cover issues related to
community courts, tribal courts, courtroom technology, and state court responses
to the federal habeas corpus rules. A limited number of scholarships also are provided under the
grant.  For further information, see the National Judicial College's Website at www.judges.org.
Pretrial Justice Institute Development
Grantee:  Pretrial Services Resource Center
FY99 Funding: $100,000
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The Pretrial Services Resource Center (PSRC) will continue to develop a
Pretrial Justice Institute that will provide training to criminal justice decision makers on
technology, program practices, and legal issues. As part of the project, PSRC will convene a
regent board to generate a pilot curriculum for the Institute.
Advocacy Training (earmark)
Grantee:  Interagency Transfer to the Executive Office for United States Attorneys (EOUSA)
FY99 Funding:  $4.5 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  This interagency transfer will support the participation of the National
District Attorney's Association  in legal education and advocacy training at the National Advocacy
Center in Columbia, South Carolina.
Permanent Families for Abused and Neglected Children: A National Training and Technical
Assistance Project
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This national judicial training project works to prevent unnecessary
out-of-home placement of abused and neglected children, safely reunify families of children already
in care, ensure permanent adoptive placement of children already in care, and secure permanent
adoptive homes when family reunification is not possible.  The project works closely with the
National Court Appointed Special Advocates Association and other national organizations.
Project goals are accomplished through judicial and interdisciplinary training and technical
assistance on federal laws relating to this issue at 10 state and 5 national conferences.  For more
information, see the NCJFCJ Website listed above.  See Chapter 4 for other programs that focus
on child abuse and neglect issues.
Model Court -Improving the Juvenile and Family Courts' Handling of Child Abuse and
Neglect Cases, Phase II
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
FY99 Funding:  $1.9 million
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Funding will support the fourth year of a national initiative to implement
model approaches and programs to enable juvenile and family court systems to improve the
handling of child abuse and neglect cases.  The model programs and approaches documented by
the grantee will:
   improve cooperation among juvenile and family courts, child welfare systems, and related
  agencies to avoid duplication of resources and prevent further victimization of children;
   ensure complete and equitable hearings for every child victim at all stages of court proceedings
  involving abuse or neglect;
   institute "reasonable efforts" to safely prevent placement of children and to rehabilitate and
  reunite families whenever possible;
   ensure timely processing of termination of parental rights adoptive placements for   children
  unable to return to their homes;
   provide training and technical assistance to judicial personnel, attorneys, and other key juvenile
  and family court practitioners to achieve expedient yet thorough adjudication of child abuse
  and neglect cases; and
   reform administrative procedures in juvenile and family courts, including improved data
  collection, streamlined and expedited case processing, and better communication among the
  dependency, juvenile, and criminal justice systems.
Child Abuse Prosecution Training and Technical Assistance
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  This project supports programs of the National Center for the Prosecution of
Child Abuse (NCPCA).  A major center goal is to improve the quality of child abuse prosecutions
by assisting elected or appointed prosecutors at the local, state, and federal levels.  The center's
major services to prosecutors include training, technical assistance, and publications in the subject
area.  Other programs and projects that focus on child abuse and neglect issues are described in
Chapter 4, Combating Family Violence.
Investigation and Prosecution of Parental Abduction Cases
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: The project's purpose is to improve the investigation and prosecution of
parental abduction cases by heightening the awareness of prosecutors and law enforcement agents
of the complexity and severity of parental kidnaping.  APRI staff provide technical assistance,
develop training programs, and produce publications related to the investigation and prosecution
of parental kidnaping.  The project provides current information, case law, statutes, literature,
research, referrals, and investigative and trial tactics to prosecutors and law enforcement officials;
develops and presents training to professionals; and produces and disseminates written or
multimedia materials about parental kidnaping.
Parental Kidnaping and Trial Advocacy Skill Development
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI)
FY99 funding:  $350,000
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description:  Under this grant, APRI conducts joint training programs for state and federal
prosecutors to increase awareness and understanding of issues, problems, legal barriers, and
effective practices related to the prosecution of parental kidnaping cases.  For further information,
see APRI's Website at www.ndaa.org/apri/apri/html.
Technical Assistance to Juvenile Courts
Grantee:  National Center for Juvenile Justice
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project provides technical assistance based on the needs of the
practitioner in the field.  The project responds to requests from the field, implements special
initiatives that respond to deficits in the field, and maintains an automated database and resource
center of research and reference materials.  For more information, see NCJJ's Website at
www.ncjj.org.
Juvenile and Family Court Training Project
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges (NCJFCJ)
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Project Description: This project provides training for judges, hearing officers, and juvenile and
family court personnel on delinquency, child abuse, neglect, and dependency issues.  Training and
technical assistance also focuses on alcohol and other drug-related issues and disproportionate
minority confinement.  An academic master's degree is available for judges completing all program
and examination requirements.  For more information, see the NCJFCJ Website at
www.ncjfcj.unr.edu/index/html.
Juvenile Court Response to Victims of Juvenile Offenders
Grantee:  National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
FY99 Funding: $150,000
OJP Sponsor: Office for Victims of Crime (OVC)
Project Description:  This project is developing information and training materials on victim-
related issues for juvenile court personnel and probation staff to improve services to victims of
juvenile offenders.  In the continuation phase of the project, the grantee will use newly developed
materials to provide intensive training and technical assistance to three to five juvenile court
jurisdictions at the regional, state, or local levels.  The grantee will also disseminate information
about the project and its products and provide limited technical assistance to additional court
jurisdictions.
Telemarketing Fraud Against the Elderly Technical Assistance and Training
Grantees:  NAAG, APRI, the American Association of Retired Persons Foundation, and the
National White Collar Crime Center
FY99 Funding:  $2 million
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: This award will continue BJA's support of a consortium of prevention,
education, and prosecution projects aimed at thwarting fraudulent telemarketers preying on senior
citizens. A major component of the project is the State/Local Telemarketing Fraud Training Task
Force, a multi-agency committee led by the National Association of Attorneys General that
includes the National District Attorneys Association through the American Prosecutors Research
Institute, the National White Collar Crime Center, and the American Association of Retired
Persons Foundation.  Project goals are to broaden criminal and civil enforcement efforts by
increasing the number of state and local telemarketing prosecutions; coordinate statewide and local
investigations and prosecutions; enhance technical and case preparation assistance for state and
local prosecutors; and increase U.S.-Canadian cooperation to reduce the cross-border flow of
telemarketing fraud.
Home Improvement Fraud Against Seniors
Grantee:  American Prosecutors Research Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description: The American Prosecutors Research Institute (APRI) will continue to enhance
the ability of local prosecutors to protect senior citizens from home improvement fraud through
increased prosecution, prevention, and public awareness. APRI will revise and update the National
District Attorneys Association economic crimes fraud manual to assist prosecutors and
professionals in the prosecution of home improvement fraud. In addition, APRI will conduct a
survey of local prosecutor offices with economic crime units to gather information on prosecutor
practices to counter home improvement fraud; conduct a networking and training workshop to
enable local prosecutors and other professionals to learn about opportunities for cooperation with
other organizations; and create a professional support and mentoring network for local
prosecutors.
National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws
Grantee:  National Alliance for Model State Drug Laws
FY99 Funding:  $1 million (transfer from ONDCP and the Department of the Treasury)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Project Description:  The grantee will continue to educate state policy makers on the 42 Model
State Drug Laws developed by the President's Commission for Model State Drug Laws by
supporting at least six statewide Model State Drug Law conferences. The Alliance will also act as
a resource center to states interested in identifying legislative and program improvements in drug
abuse reduction and prevention.  For further information, contact Sherry Green, National Alliance
for Model State Drug Laws, 703/836-6100.
Research and Statistical Programs
The following describes both current and new initiatives.
National Survey of Indigent Defense Systems
Grantee: National Opinion Research Center
FY99 Funding: $350,000
OJP Sponsor:  BJA and the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Project Description:  In partnership with BJA, BJS will implement (over three years) a national-
level data collection program to measure the way in which states and localities provide legal
services for indigent defendants, their caseload levels, and related costs, policies, and practices.
Court-appointed legal representation plays a critical role in the nation's justice system. Much has
changed over the past decade as states and local defender systems rely more on contract
and private services. The National Indigent Defense Survey will assist in developing a better
understanding of the changing nature of public defender services in the United States.
National Judicial Reporting Program
Grantee: Interagency Agreement with the U.S. Bureau of the Census
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  The National Judicial Reporting Program, conducted every 2 years,
surveys a nationwide sample of felony trial courts in collecting detailed information on
demographic characteristics of felons, conviction offenses, type of sentences, sentence lengths, and
amount of time from arrest to conviction and sentencing.
State Court Processing Statistics
Grantee:  Pretrial Services Resource Center
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  State Court Processing Statistics (SCPS) provides data on the
criminal justice processing of persons charged with felonies in 40 jurisdictions representative of the
75 largest counties. These counties account for about half the serious crime nationwide. The
program tracks felony defendants from charging by the prosecutor until disposition of their cases
or for a maximum of 12 months. Data are obtained on demographic characteristics, arrest
offense(s), criminal justice status at time of arrest, prior arrests and convictions, bail and pretrial
releases decisions, court appearance record, rearrests while on pretrial release, type and outcome
of adjudication, and type and length of sentence if convicted.
State Court Statistics Project
Grantee:   State Justice Institute and the National Center for State Courts
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  The State Court Statistics Project provides data on state appellate and trial
court caseloads for the 50 states, District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.  Information is reported
on case type, case filings, case processing, disposition, and appellate opinions.  Data on state
appellate caseloads are divided into mandatory and discretionary cases.  Data on trial court
caseloads include  information about criminal cases, nondomestic civil cases, domestic cases,
juvenile cases, and cases involving traffic or other ordinance violations.
Federal Justice Statistics Program
Grantee:   The Urban Institute
FY99 Funding:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Project Description:  The Federal Justice Statistics series provides annual data on
workload, activities, and case outcomes in the federal criminal justice system. Information is
reported on all aspects of processing in the federal justice system, including the number
of persons investigated, prosecuted, convicted, incarcerated, sentenced to probation, released
pretrial, and under parole or other supervision; initial prosecution decisions; referrals to
magistrates; court dispositions; sentencing outcomes; sentence length; and time served.  In 1997
BJS expanded the Federal Justice Statistics Program to include statistics describing the processing
of civil cases of the federal courts, including tort trials and civil rights petitions filed by federal and
state inmates.  The data are available for online analysis through the BJS Internet site at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/.
Juvenile Transfers to Criminal Court
Grantee: Florida Juvenile Justice Accountability Board
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: This study is exploring the impact of 1994 changes in Florida law by
contrasting transfer policies, practices, and sentencing in 1993 with those in 1995.  Post-sentencing
recidivism of 400 juveniles transferred to criminal court in 1993 will be examined.  Detailed data
on the role of the offender in the commission of the offense; involvement with gangs, guns, and
drugs; and prior offense histories also will be collected.  In addition, recidivism among youth
transferred to adult court will be compared with youth handled by the juvenile justice system.
Process and Outcome Evaluation of Prosecutorial Waiver to Criminal Court in Virginia
Grantee: S. Sridharan and Lynett Greenfield
FY99 Funding: $194,803
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ) and OJJDP
Project Description: This study is evaluating the relationship between Virginia's statutes allowing
juveniles to be transferred to adult court with patterns of juvenile violent crime in recent years.
The study will attempt to answer three questions: 1) What community risk factors explain changes
in juvenile violent crime rates in Virginia from 1991 through 1996?  2) What factors do
prosecutors and judges consider relevant in transferring juveniles to adult court?  3) Do these
juveniles receive substantially different sentences than do similarly situated juveniles sentenced in
juvenile court?
The Competence-Related Abilities of Juveniles Prosecuted in Criminal Court
Grantee: Jenine Boyd, University of South Florida
FY99 Funding: $18,170 (Graduate Research Fellowship)
OJP Sponsor: NIJ
Project Description: Traditionally, mental retardation or mental illness has been the basis for adult
defendants' incompetence to proceed to trial.  However, juveniles' competence also may be
questioned because of the defendant's age and "normal immaturity," even if the defendant is not
intellectually deficient and does not have significant psychopathy.  This study will examine and
compare the competence-related abilities of juveniles prosecuted in criminal court with those of
adult defendants, specifically abilities involving understanding, appreciation, and reasoning.
The Use of Risk Assessment in Achieving Accountability-Based Sanctions
Grantee: Rosemary C. Sarri, University of Michigan
FY99 Funding: $199,824
OJP Sponsor: NIJ and OJJDP
Project Description:  The research is examining how judicial and correctional officials use (and
how useful they find) risk assessment/needs classification for establishing accountability-based
sanctions for juvenile offenders. Under such sanctions, juveniles are punished with increasing
severity for each delinquent or criminal act or violation of probation.  The project will also
consider the use of risk assessment at the county level, because the most critical decisions take
place there. The four project goals are to:  1) assess the policies, practices, and decisions that
result in placement of juveniles in juvenile and/or adult residential facilities; 2) identify the
correlates of placement/sentencing decisions; 3) identify policies and practices that improve
accountability in placement decisions; and 4) identify similarities and differences among states in
utilization of risk assessment in placement/sentencing decisions.
Evaluation of Teen Courts
Grantee: The Urban Institute
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Project Description: This project is measuring the effect of handling young, relatively non-serious
law violators in teen courts, rather than in traditional juvenile or family courts.  Researchers are
collecting data on several dimensions of program outcomes, including post-program recidivism,
changes in teens' perceptions of justice, and their ability to make more mature judgments.
Analyses of these data will be used to compare youth handled in at least three different types of
teen courts with youth processed by the traditional juvenile justice system.  The study will also
evaluate the teen court programs, exploring legal, administrative, and case processing factors that
affect the ability of the programs to achieve their goals.
Pretrial Survey
Grantee: National Association of Pretrial Services Agencies and Pretrial Services Resource Center
FY99 Funding: To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Project Description: Working in partnership with BJS and the National Institute of Corrections,
BJA will sponsor a national survey focusing on bail decision making. The survey, which will be
developed by the National Association of Pretrial Services and the Pretrial Services Resource
Center, will examine how pretrial services programs collect and use data when making release
decisions, specifically whether supervision is being offered as a local option. The results of the
survey will be compared with those of surveys published by the Department of Justice in 1979 and
1989.
For More Information
Several funding sources within OJP can be tapped to link the programmatic and infrastructure
elements of innovative adjudication strategies, including the Edward Byrne Memorial State and
Local Law Enforcement Assistance Formula Grant program, the Local Law Enforcement
Block Grants program, and the Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grant program.  See
Chapter 1 for a description of these programs.
Initiatives to enhance the prosecution of violence against women cases are described in Chapter 4,
Combating Family Violence.  Also see Chapter 13 for additional training and technical assistance
and Chapter 14 for descriptions of other OJP resources.  To access BJS adjudication data, see the
BJS Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/.
Chapter 13
Supporting State & Local Efforts
Through Technical Assistance & Training
Overview
While the preceding chapters describe the major research, statistical, demonstration, and other
grant programs that OJP plans to support in Fiscal Year 1999, this chapter focuses on technical
assistance and training opportunities being offered by OJP.  Specifically, this chapter describes
technical assistance (TA) and training resources that are available to the field--not just OJP
grantees.  The technical assistance and training described in the preceding chapters are generally
limited to OJP grantees.  For example, see Chapter 2, Empowering Communities to Address
Crime, for technical assistance for Weed and Seed sites, and Chapter 3, Breaking the Cycle of
Substance Abuse and Crime, for technical assistance for OJP-funded drug courts.  Training and
TA specifically designed for tribal jurisdictions is described in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in
Indian Country.
An effort has also been made to organize available technical assistance and training by topic, with
the more general assistance available to criminal justice agencies at the end of this chapter.
However, because of the overlap in so many areas, those interested in obtaining assistance are
encouraged to review the entire chapter, as well as the training and TA programs described in the
other Program Plan chapters.  In an effort to make the information more useful, the format for
each project here is also somewhat different from the other chapters.
Over the past few months, OJP has been in the process of reviewing its technical assistance
programs and how TA is delivered to the field in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness
of OJP programming, and to reduce duplication and delay.  This process has involved a series of
focus groups aimed at gaining a better understanding of how technical assistance is currently being
delivered and received, and to learn from the variety of experiences, structures, and methods
currently employed to meet technical assistance needs.  So far, our review has demonstrated the
need to both simplify access to OJP's myriad of TA resources and to more broadly disseminate
information about the range and type of TA resources available to the field.  As we continue to
move forward on addressing this issue, we hope that the information in this chapter--as well as in
the Program Plan overall--will be helpful.
General Criminal Justice Technical Assistance/Training
To assist criminal justice programs being developed by state, local, and tribal criminal justice
practitioners, BJA's Byrne Formula Grant Program and the Local Law Enforcement Block Grant
Program provides a full range of training and technical assistance support. Assistance includes a
broad range of training programs and funding, scholarships, and travel expenses for state and local
criminal justice system employees. Additionally, BJA provides direct assistance on an ongoing
basis for training and technical assistance to address needs as they emerge. Currently, training and
technical assistance initiatives are offered in the areas of prevention, law enforcement, adjudication,
supervision services, and technological improvement.
State and Local Training and Education Assistance Program
Grantee/Contractor:  State Administrative Agencies for Byrne Formula Grant and Local Law
Enforcement Block Grants programs
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA)
Audience:  State, local, and tribal criminal justice practitioners
Description of Services:  This initiative provides training and education assistance to criminal
justice practitioners through the state agencies administering BJA funding.  Assistance includes
training programs and funding, scholarships, and travel expenses for state and local criminal justice
system employees.
Contact:       See BJA's Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/ for a list of contacts for the state
               administering agencies.
State and Local Training and Technical Assistance Program
Grantee/Contractor:  Community Research Associates, Inc.
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience: State, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies
Description of Services:  This program provides training and technical assistance to state, local,
and tribal jurisdictions in developing and implementing comprehensive, system-wide strategies to
prevent and control violent crime and illegal drug trafficking and use, and to support community-
based crime prevention efforts.  The training and technical assistance also aims to enhance state
formula grant administration capabilities and state efforts to develop and implement statewide drug
control and violent crime strategies.
Contact:  	Doyle Wood, Project Director
          	Phone:  615/399-9908
          	Fax:  615/399-9301
		E-mail:  dwood@community-research.com
Crime Prevention Training, Technical Assistance, and Information Sharing
Grantee/Contractor: National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC)
OJP Sponsors: BJA and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP)
Audience: State, local, and tribal jurisdictions, crime prevention organizations, and the general
public
Description of Services:  The National Crime Prevention Council (NCPC) works to prevent crime
and build safer, more caring communities.  NCPC's major initiatives include the National Citizens'
Crime Prevention Campaign (NCCPC), an alliance of national, state, and federal organizations that
works with businesses, civic groups, individuals, and law enforcement to generate crime
prevention awareness and action throughout the country through a variety of mechanisms.  The
campaign includes a series of public service advertisements, publications, training, technical
assistance, and program development.  Its Website includes a calendar of upcoming training events
at www.ncpc.org/4train.htm.
Contact:  NCPC
          Phone: 202/466-6272
          Fax: 202/296-1356
          Website:  www.ncpc.org
Technical Assistance to Open Solicitation Grant Program Award Recipients
Grantee/Contractor: The George Washington University
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Audience: Recipients of Open Solicitation Grant Program awards
Description of Services: This project will provide technical assistance to recipients of the BJA
Open Solicitation Grant Program as they establish their programs. Specifically, these funds will
support technical assistance to grantees as they develop program goals, generate, collect, and
analyze data, and measure performance. In addition, the grantee will conduct a general analysis of
the planning and implementation of these programs and report its findings to BJA.
Contact:  James Austin, Co-Director
          Institute on Crime, Justice and Corrections, The George Washington University
          Phone: 202/994-6345
          Fax: 202/994-3239
Technical Assistance to Community Justice Grant Recipients
Grantee/Contractor: Crime and Justice Research Institute
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Audience: Recipients of Community Justice Grants
Project Description: This project will provide technical assistance to recipients of Community
Justice grants. The Criminal Justice Research Institute will support grantees as they develop
program goals, generate, collect, and analyze data, and measure performance. The grantee will also
examine the planning and implementation of these grants and reports its findings to BJA.
Contact:  John Goldkamp, Crime and Justice Research Institute
          Phone: 215/627-3766
          Fax: 215/627-7810
          E-mail: cjri@ix.netcom.com
Violence Against Women Technical Assistance/Training
The Violence Against Women Office (VAWO) has implemented a technical assistance program
designed primarily to provide direct assistance to grantees and subgrantees under the Violence
Against Women Act.  The program seeks to leverage federal funds to ensure the greatest possible
impact on communities, particularly in jurisdictions that are seeking to respond aggressively to
violent crimes against women, but are just beginning to develop programs that promote victim
safety and offender accountability.  VAWO's technical assistance program also focuses on capacity
building for national criminal justice and victim advocacy organizations responding to sexual
assault, domestic violence, and stalking.
Technical assistance generally consists of site visits, mentoring, focus groups, regional conferences,
peer-to-peer counseling, telephonic and electronic information provision, and the development and
distribution of topical publications.  All technical assistance initiatives must be developed in
collaboration with nonprofit, nongovernmental, victim advocacy organizations to foster
partnerships and create coordinated community responses to violence against women.  Projects
emphasize the need to provide culturally appropriate services to victims of sexual assault, domestic
violence, and stalking from diverse communities.
The majority of VAWO's technical assistance projects, which directly serve grantees and
subgrantees under VAWO's various grant programs, are described in Chapter 4, Combating
Family Violence, and Chapter 7, Protecting and Supporting Victims of Crime.  Also see Chapter
11 for programs addressing crime in Indian country.  The following technical assistance is available
to the field.
Center for Sex Offender Management
Grantee/Contractor:  Center for Effective Public Policy
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Audience:  Courts, corrections agencies, victim advocacy agencies, tribal jurisdictions, and the
general public
Description of Services:  Courts, corrections agencies, and treatment providers have demonstrated
that careful supervision and effective treatment can help manage sex offenders and increase public
safety.  The Center for Sex Offender Management (CSOM) was established to increase the level of
knowledge about managing sex offenders, enhance the involvement of victim advocacy
organizations in policy development, and increase community understanding about safely managing
sex offenders.  Continuation funding will allow CSOM to develop a comprehensive training
curriculum, identify two tribal resource sites, and expand support to the current resource sites.
CSOM also will expand the pool of existing resource sites to include urban jurisdictions,
jurisdictions with expertise in working with juvenile sex offenders, jurisdictions with a strong
focus on victim services, and jurisdictions with an integrated approach to sex offender
management.
Contact:  	Madeline Carter, Project Director
		Phone:  301/589-9383
		Fax:  301/589-3505
          	Website: www.csom.org
Full Faith and Credit Project
Grantee/Contractor: Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Audience:  State, tribal, and federal law enforcement, prosecutors, and courts; state legislatures;
advocates for battered women; VAWO grantees; state registry administrators; NCIC and state
counterparts; FBI and ATF personnel; and the general public
Description of Services:  The Pennsylvania Coalition Against Domestic Violence provides a broad
range of technical assistance on the enforcement of protection orders within and between states,
tribes, and territories to safeguard victims of domestic violence.  The project emphasizes the use of
state, tribal, and federal laws and systemic reforms to enhance enforcement.
Contact:  	Barbara Hart, Project Director
		Phone:  1-800/256-5883
Violence Against Women Online Resources
Grantee/Contractor:  University of Minnesota Center Against Violence and Abuse
OJP Sponsor:  VAWO
Audience:  VAWO grantees and the general public
Description of Services:  The University of Minnesota maintains an online violence against women
resources Website containing current research on effective intervention efforts regarding violence
against women.  The resource site includes innovative approaches, public policy articles, promising
practices documents, full training manuals, and a calendar of upcoming events.  Excerpts from
VAWO's Promising Practices Manual, which highlights innovative initiatives from around the
country to address sexual assault and stalking, also are available on this Website.
Contact:  Jeffrey Edleson, Director
          Phone:  612/624-8795
          Fax:  612/625-4288
          Website: www.mincava.umn.edu/
Corrections Technical Assistance/Training
The Corrections Program Office (CPO) has developed a comprehensive technical assistance
program that includes conferences, workshops, training, and site-specific assistance to assist states
with the effective implementations of its grant programs.  To respond to states' needs, CPO
established a toll-free Technical Assistance Line (1-800/848-6325), which can be used to request
assistance.  CPO technical assistance is generally provided without charge to the requesting
agency. The schedule for CPO conferences, workshops, and training sessions can be found in its
Technical Assistance Plan for FY 1999, which can be accessed on the Internet at
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo.
Correctional Boot Camp Training
Grantee/Contractor:  Interagency Agreement with the National Institute of Corrections (NIC)
OJP Sponsor:  CPO
Audience:  Teams of policy makers, boot camp administrators, and aftercare providers from
jurisdictions that are in the process of developing a boot camp program or are interested in
improving the effectiveness of an existing program
Description of Services:  This week-long training program assists state correctional agencies and
local jurisdictions with the development of effective boot camp programs for adults or juveniles.
The training is conducted by NIC under a cooperative agreement with CPO.  It focuses on such
topics as defining a mission and philosophy; the military leadership model; comprehensive
programming to address the needs of offenders; cognitive restructuring; hiring, training, and
retaining staff; monitoring to avoid program drift and abuse; and development of aftercare services.
Priority is given to jurisdictions implementing CPO Correctional Boot Camp Initiative Program
grants awarded in FY 1995 or a boot camp program implemented with Violent Offender
Incarceration and Truth-in-Sentencing (VOI/TIS) Incentive formula grant program funds.
Sessions will be held on May 23-28, 1999 and August 2-6, 1999.
Contact:  Mary Gooden, Program Manager
          Phone:  202/305-1876
          Fax:  202/307-2019
          E-mail:  goodenm@ojp.usdoj.gov
Training on Planning and Designing Juvenile Correctional Institutions
Grantee/Contractor:  Interagency Agreement with NIC
OJP Sponsor: CPO and OJJDP
Audience:  Teams of key decision-makers from state juvenile corrections agencies and local
jurisdictions planning a new facility
Description of Services:  This week-long training assists state juvenile corrections agencies and
local jurisdictions in planning and designing correctional facilities and detention centers that meet
their needs.  The training is conducted by NIC under a cooperative agreement with CPO.  Topics
to be addressed include the facility development process, planning team role clarification and
decision-making process, mission statement, using data for facility planning, building in space for
programs and services, new facility staffing, development of a facility space program, direct
supervision, site evaluation, and transition and activation.  Sessions are scheduled for March 8-12,
1999 and June 7-11, 1999.
Contact:  Mary Gooden, Program Manager
          Phone:  202/305-1876
          Fax:  202/307-2019
          E-mail:  goodenm@ojp.usdoj.gov
Sentencing and-Corrections-Related Technical Assistance
Grantee/Contractor:  To be selected from applications currently under review
OJP Sponsor:  CPO
Audience:  Adult and juvenile corrections administrators, correctional staff, and policy makers
Description of Services:  CPO makes site-specific technical assistance available to state and local
agencies to assist them in addressing issues related to the eligibility, implementation, and
administration of CPO-administered grant programs.  The assistance is tailored to the needs of the
requesting agency by drawing on the expertise of hundreds of practitioners and issue experts with
knowledge and experience in state-of-the-art corrections policies and practices.  Corrections
agencies and state policy makers may request assistance related to issues such as sentencing
reform, violent offender management, facility design, space management, overcrowding,
information systems, budgetary implications of VOI/TIS, geriatric prisoners and prisoners with
medical conditions, crime victims' rights, privatization, and the drug testing, sanctions, and
treatment requirements of the VOI/TIS program.
Contact:  	Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager
          	Phone:  202/305-2587
          	Fax:  202/307-2019
		E-mail:  mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov
Substance Abuse Treatment-Related Technical Assistance
Grantee/Contractor:  Interagency Agreement with the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
OJP Sponsor:  CPO
Audience:  Substance abuse treatment practitioners and state and local officials responsible for
making policy decisions regarding substance abuse treatment for offenders
Description of Services:  CPO makes site-specific technical assistance available to state and local
agencies to assist them in addressing issues related to substance abuse treatment for offenders.
Assistance also is provided on issues related to implementing the provisions of CPO's Residential
Substance Abuse Treatment (RSAT) for State Prisoners formula grant program.  Areas of focus
include implementing residential substance abuse treatment for adult and juvenile offenders and
drug testing in RSAT program initiatives.
Contact:  Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager
          Phone:  202/305-2587
          Fax:  202/307-2019
          E-mail:  mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov
Substance Abuse Treatment-Related Training
Grantee/Contractor:  Interagency Agreement with the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
OJP Sponsor:  CPO
Audience:  Adult and juvenile correctional policymakers, program managers, and treatment
program staff
Description of Services:  CPO offers substance abuse treatment training on the following topics:
therapeutic community counselor training, cross-discipline team-building, cognitive restructuring,
relapse prevention, case management, and treating offenders with co-occurring disorders.  Each
training program is designed to meet the specific needs of the requesting jurisdiction and
conducted onsite.  CPO provides the trainers and all training materials.
Contact:  Amy Mazzocco, Program Manager
          Phone:  202/305-2587
          Fax:  202/307-2019
          E-mail:  mazzocco@ojp.usdoj.gov
Crime Victims Technical Assistance/Training
The Office for Victims of Crime (OVC) provides comprehensive, quality technical assistance and
training resources to victim service providers and allied professionals to increase our nation's
capacity to provide skilled, capable, victim-sensitive assistance to crime victims.  Also see Chapters
4 and 7 for additional victims-related training and technical assistance programs, as well as the
violence against women section in this chapter.
Training and Technical Assistance Center (TTAC)
Grantee/Contractor:  Aspen Systems Corporation
OJP Sponsor:  OVC
Audience:  Public agencies, private nonprofit organizations, and victim service, criminal justice,
and allied professionals (i.e., mental health, medical, clergy, etc.)
Description of Services:  TTAC is a one-stop access point for OVC training and technical
assistance for federal, state, tribal, and local agencies and allied professionals involved in providing
services to crime victims.  TTAC assists agencies in addressing both administrative and
programmatic issues.  It is not intended to perform program development activities, but rather to
serve as a tool for nationwide dissemination of products completed through discretionary projects.
OVC's Community Crisis Response and Mentoring Programs are also supported by TTAC.
Contact:  	Suzanne Anderson, Acting Project Director
		Phone:   1-800/627-6872
		Fax:  301/5195533
		E-mail:  TTAC@ovcttac.org
Juvenile Justice Technical Assistance/Training
The Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) provides training and technical
assistance to thousands of juvenile justice practitioners, policy makers, and interested citizens each
year.  OJJDP funds more than 50 projects annually to assist judges, law enforcement officials,
facility administrators, state agency staff, and community-based agencies and organizations in
finding solutions to the serious issues that surround juvenile crime.
OJJDP's training and technical assistance programs include local, state, regional, and national
training on specific issues, onsite problem solving through support of local jurisdictional teams,
planning, evaluation, and program development.  Assistance is available on all issues addressed in
the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, including prevention, detention, corrections,
treatment, disproportionate minority confinement, challenge programs, gender specific services,
Native American and Alaskan Native issues, and state plan development.  In support of this
mission, OJJDP has established and operates the OJJDP National Training and Technical
Assistance Center.
Information on additional juvenile justice training and technical assistance initiatives can be found
throughout this Program Plan.  For example, information on technical assistance to Native
American tribes and Alaskan Native communities can be found in Chapter 11, Addressing Crime in
Indian Country; information on training and technical assistance on juvenile and family courts can
be found in Chapter 12, Supporting Innovations in Adjudication.  Other juvenile justice training
and TA initiatives can be found in Chapter 5, Addressing Youth Crime.
OJJDP technical assistance programs also are described in the OJJDP Training and Technical
Assistance Resource Catalog, which is available from the Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse by calling
1-800/638-8736 or online at www.ncjrs.org.
OJJDP National Training and Technical Assistance Center
Grantee/Contractor: Aspen Systems Corporation
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Audience: Juvenile justice and delinquency prevention practitioners, policy makers, and other
individuals who work with youth
Description of Services:  The center seeks to upgrade and expand the knowledge of juvenile justice
and delinquency prevention practitioners and increase their capacity to reduce youth crime and
improve the justice system.  The center operates a resource database and clearinghouse and
coordinates and provides training and technical assistance to state and local agencies.  To support
these efforts, the Center:
   collects and organizes OJJDP training and technical assistance resources and products;
   coordinates a training and technical assistance network of leading planners, practitioners,
  and scholars to assist state and local agencies in their efforts to reduce youth crime and
  improve the juvenile justice system;
   operates a toll-free telephone service and Website and responds to inquiries from elected
  officials, practitioners, and citizen advocates; and.
   disseminates useful information through the resource clearinghouse and the training and
  technical assistance network, and sponsors workshops, seminars, and conferences for elected
  officials, practitioners, and citizen advocates.
Contact:  Phone: 1-800/830-4031
          Website: www.nttac.com
Statistical Analysis/Criminal Justice Records
Technical Assistance/Training
Technical Assistance and Training for State Statistical Analysis Center (SAC)-Mutual
Assistance Program
Grantee/Contractor:  Justice Research and Statistics Association (JRSA)
OJP Sponsor: Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)
Audience:  State SAC directors and staff; and criminal justice analysts, researchers, and
practitioners committed to providing accurate and timely information in support of sound policy
development
Description of Services:  JRSA was organized in 1974 by the directors of the state SACs to
promote cooperation and the exchange of information, statistics, and technology among states.  In
providing technical and liaison services to the SAC's for BJS, JRSA maintains a criminal justice
information clearinghouse, provides an automated Database of State Activities and Research, and
conducts an annual conference on justice, statistics, research, and policy analysis.
Contact:  	Karen Maline, Director of Information Services
		Phone:  202/842-9330
		Fax:  202/842-9329
		E-mail:  cjinfo@jrsa.org
Technical Assistance to States under the National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP)
Grantee/Contractor:  SEARCH Group, Inc.
OJP Sponsor:  BJS
Audience:  State policy makers and individuals charged with implementing procedures to upgrade
criminal history record systems and sex offender registries
Description of Services:  SEARCH is the national provider of technical assistance to states under
BJS's National Criminal History Improvement Program (NCHIP).  NCHIP technical assistance is
designed to help states implement provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act,
principally the successful activation and operation of the National Instant Criminal Background
Check System (NICS), and the National Child Protection Act of 1993, as amended.  The NICS
allows for instant automated presale firearms checks required under the Brady Act.  The NCHIP
TA program assists states in upgrading their record systems and in interfacing with the FBI's
operational systems.
Contact:  	Sheila Barton, Deputy Executive Director
		Phone:  916/392-2550
		Fax:  916/392-8440
		E-mail:  sheila.barton@search.org
Justice Information Policy Assistance (JIPA)
Grantee/Contractor:  SEARCH Group, Inc.
OJP Sponsor: BJS
Audience:  State and federal policy makers and criminal history records centers
Description of Services:  JIPA activities are designed to meet the following objectives:
   to provide a liaison between BJS and the states and other federal agencies on issues relating to
  criminal justice record information;
   to assist states in developing and implementing comprehensive  policies and programs to
  improve the quality, content, management, use, and exchange of criminal history record
  information; and
   to conduct detailed studies on specific policy issues of critical importance to the development
  and implementation of criminal history record improvement efforts.
Contact:  	Sheila Barton, Deputy Executive Director
		Phone:  916/392-2550
		Fax:  916/392-8440
		E-mail:  sheila.barton@search.org
Technology and Information System Technical Assistance/Training
NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center (NLECTC) program
provides criminal justice (law enforcement, corrections, and court) professionals with information
on technology, guidelines and standards for these technologies, objective testing data, and
technical assistance to implement these technologies.  The NLECTC system includes the national
center in Rockville, Maryland and four regional centers.  Also included in the system are four
special offices:  the Office of Law Enforcement Standards, the Office of Law Enforcement
Technology Commercialization, the Border Research and Technology Center, and the National
Center for Forensic Sciences.
NIJ's unique relationship with the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) at the
Department of Commerce's National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) affords the
opportunity to leverage resources for the benefit of both agencies.  Drawing on NIST resources,
OLES develops standards and standardized testing methodologies for law enforcement and
corrections equipment.  At the request of DOD, OLES is also supporting military efforts to
develop improved body armor for both military and law enforcement personnel.
NIJ sponsors the Office of Law Enforcement and Technology Commercialization (OLETC)
through a grant to Wheeling Jesuit University.  OLETC interfaces with a diverse array of
organizations, including all the national and federal laboratories, industry scientists, and
commercialization experts to identify existing or developmental technologies of interest to the law
enforcement and corrections communities, and works to move those technologies into the
marketplace.
Sandia National Laboratory is the host facility for NIJ's Border Research and Technology Center
(BRTC), which also has affiliations with a number of other federal, state, and local agencies.  The
technical partner for BRTC is the U.S. Navy's Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center.  Other
BRTC affiliations include the Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Border Patrol, the
U.S. Customs Service, and the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
The National Center for Forensic Sciences (NCFS) was created through an NIJ grant to the
University of Central Florida (UCF).  NCFS is operated within UCF's Chemistry Department.
This section describes the NLECTC system, as well as other assistance.  Also see Chapter 8 for
additional technology-related training and TA initiatives.
NLECTC-National
Grantee/Contractor:  Aspen Systems Corporation
OJP Sponsor: National Institute of Justice (NIJ)
Audience: Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services:  The National Center coordinates the technical information collection and
dissemination program for the entire National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology
Center system.  In this capacity, the National Center:
   produces detailed test reports, user guides, and bulletins on public safety equipment, metallic
  handcuffs, pepper spray, and DNA profiling;
   operates an equipment, technology, and research information hotline;
   publishes a quarterly newsletter, TechBest, and maintains the NLECTC system Website,
  JUSTNET, at www.nlectc.org;
   maintains current information on the manufacturers of commercially available equipment and
  developers of law enforcement and corrections products and services, provides referrals to users
  of these products, and assists in locating experts in a particular field, and
   helps identify equipment and technology requirements of local, state, and federal criminal justice
  practitioners by coordinating conference and advisory group activities, including those of the
  Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Advisory Council.
Contact:  	Marc Caplan, Director
		Phone:  1-800/248-2742
		Fax:  301/519-5149
		E-mail:  asknlectc@nlectc.org
NLECTC-Northeast
Grantee/Contractor:  Air Force Research Laboratories, Rome, New York
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services: The mission of NLECTC-Northeast is to work with government, industry,
and academia to identify, evaluate, demonstrate, and assess the adoption of new products and
technologies specifically designed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of law enforcement,
corrections, and other criminal justice practitioners.  Located at the U.S. Air Force Research
Laboratory (USAFRL), NLECTC-NE leverages USAFRL's military expertise in command, control,
communications, computers, and intelligence to provide information and assistance with current and
new technologies that may have utility for state and local law enforcement and corrections agencies.
NLECTC-NE draws on the expertise of Air Force scientists and engineers to develop technologies
to detect concealed weapons on people, an effort that is expected to yield a stationary device for
use in buildings and hand-held devices for patrol officers.
Contact:  	John Ritz, Director
		Phone:  1-888/338-0584
		Fax:  315/330-4315
		E-mail:  nlectc_ne@rl.af.mil
NLECTC -Southeast
Grantee/Contractor:  South Carolina Research Authority
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services:  NLECTC-SE provides practitioners with hands-on assistance to
identify current applications or rapid prototyping of technologies to meet their needs.  It also
advocates for the law enforcement and corrections communities with the research and development
communities, and facilitates the development of long-term projects.  NLECTC-SE's areas of
expertise include:  information technology for law enforcement and corrections, simulation and
training, surplus equipment, distance learning, and land transportation security.
Contact:  	Tommy Sexton, Director
		Phone:  1-800/292-4385
		Fax:  843/207-7776
		E-mail:  nlectc-se@nlectc-se.org
NLECTC-Rocky Mountain
Grantee/Contractor:  Denver Research Institute
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services:  NLECTC-Rocky Mountain focuses on communications interoperability
and efforts to eliminate the difficulties that often occur when different agencies and jurisdictions try
to communicate with one another.  This facility works with law enforcement agencies, private
industry, and national organizations to implement projects to identify and field test new
technologies to help solve the problem of interoperability.  It also conducts research on ballistics,
weapons technology, and information systems.  In addition, NLECTC-Rocky Mountain houses the
newly created Crime Mapping Technology Center, the training practical application arm of NIJ's
Crime Mapping Research Center, which is staffed by NIJ social scientists and scholars who utilize
crime analysis research to improve police field operations and develop crime-mapping software for
law enforcement departments.
Contact:  	Jim Keller, Director
		Phone:  1-800/416-8086
		Fax:  303/871-2500
		E-mail:  nlectc@du.edu
NLECTC-West
Grantee/Contractor:  The Aerospace Corporation
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services:  NLECTC-West draws on the Aerospace Corporation's depth of
knowledge and scientific expertise to offer law enforcement and corrections agencies the ability to
analyze and enhance audio, video, and photographic evidence.  This NLECTC facility also has
available an extensive array of analytic instrumentation to aid in criminal investigations, such as a
scanning electron microscope, an x-ray microscope, and a mass spectrometer, all of which are used
to process trace evidence.  Other areas of expertise at NLECTC-West include: computer
architecture, data processing, communication systems, and vehicle stopping technology.
Contact:  	Robert Pentz, Director
		Phone:  1-888/548-1618
		Fax:  310/336-2227
		E-mail:  nlectc@law-west.org
Border Research and Technology Center
Grantee/Contractor:  Sandia National Laboratories
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement, corrections, and other criminal justice personnel
Description of Services:  The Border Research and Technology Center (BRTC) works with the
Immigration and Naturalization Service, the U.S. Border Patrol, the U.S. Customs Service, the
Department of Defense Counterdrug Development Program, the U.S. Coast Guard research and
development program, the White House Office of National Drug Control Policy/Counterdrug
Technology Assessment Center (CTAC), and the U.S. Attorney for Southern California, as well as
state and local law enforcement agencies and organizations operating along the U.S. borders.
BRTC works with these agencies and their organizations to develop and implement SENTRI
(Secured Electronic Network for Travelers' Rapid Inspection) technology, as well as human
presence detection, seismic sensor upgrade demonstrations, evaluation of night vision and thermal
imaging technologies, vehicle immobilization, and communications interoperability.
Contact:  	Chris Aldridge, Director
		Phone:  1-888/656-2782
		Fax:  1-888/660-2782
		E-mail:  brtcchrisa@aol.com
Office of Law Enforcement Technology Commercialization (OLETC)
Grantee/Contractor:  Wheeling Jesuit University
OJP Sponsor:  NIJ
Audience:  Law enforcement and corrections inventors, developers, and manufacturers
Description of Services:  OLETC assists developers and manufacturers in bringing new products to
market.  Services include:
   matching new technologies and product concepts to specific needs;
   identifying technologies to develop new or improved products;
   assisting with market assessments and business plans;
   locating complementary technologies, expertise and test resources;
   identifying product standards and test protocols;
   identifying investment capital financing and grant opportunities;
   locating manufacturing and distribution partners;
   assisting with questions on liability, intellectual property and licensing fees;
   developing funding and innovative product acquisition strategies; and
   providing informational and educational videos.
Contact:  	Tom Burgoyne, Director
		Phone:  1-888/306-5382
		Fax:  304/243-2131
		E-mail: tburgoyne@nttc.edu
Operational Systems Support Technical Assistance and Training
Grantee/Contractor:  SEARCH Group, Inc.
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience: State, local, and tribal criminal justice agencies
Description of Services:  This program conducts training and provides technical assistance to justice
agencies throughout the nation to help determine information system needs, establish system
requirements, and design or procure cost-effective, integrated information and workload
management systems.
Contact:  Dave Roberts, Deputy Director
          Phone:  916/392-2555
          Fax:  916/392-8440
          E-mail:  david.roberts@search.org
Information System Automation and Integration Technical Assistance to State Courts
Grantee/Contractor:  SEARCH Group, Inc.
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience:  State and local courts
Description of Services:  Through this project, SEARCH Group, Inc. conducts training and
provides technical assistance to justice agencies throughout the nation to increase knowledge and
understanding of court information system management; improve information management through
the use of computer technology by local and state justice agencies; and enhance the effectiveness
and efficiency of state and local justice practitioners by developing technical resources and
demonstrating the operational benefits of technology.  This project is designed to enable state and
local justice agencies, particularly those using BJA formula grant funds, to determine system needs,
establish system requirements, and design or procure cost-effective, integrated court information
and workload management systems.
Contact:  Dave Roberts, Deputy Director
          Phone:  916/392-2555
          Fax:  916/392-8440
          E-mail:  david.roberts@search.org
Law Enforcement Technical Assistance/Training
In addition to the following training and technical programs, also see the law enforcement-related
projects described in Chapter 9, Enhancing Law Enforcement Initiatives.
Missing and Exploited Children Training and Technical Assistance Program
Grantee/Contractor: Fox Valley Technical College
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Description of Services:   Each year, OJJDP trains more than 4,000 law enforcement officers
through its Missing and Exploited Children Training and Technical Assistance Program.
Comprehensive training courses have been designed to increase skills and abilities, enhance service
coordination and delivery, and improve the investigation and handling of missing and exploited
children cases.  Courses offered include:
   Responding to Missing and Abducted Children, which is aimed at enhancing the knowledge and
  skills of law enforcement officials who investigate cases involving abducted, runaway, or
  missing children;
   Child Sexual Exploitation, which provides law enforcement officials and other professionals
  with the information and knowledge they need to understand, recognize, investigate, and
  resolve cases of child pornography and sexual exploitation;
   Child Abuse and Exploitation Investigative Techniques, which is designed to enhance the skills
  of experienced law enforcement officials and other professionals who investigate cases involving
  child abuse, child sexual exploitation, child pornography, and missing children;
   Protecting Children Online, which enhances law enforcement's ability to investigate computer
  crimes against children.
   Missing and Exploited Children, which offers advanced training to experienced law
  enforcement investigative officers; and
   Child Abuse and Exploitation Team Investigation Process, which is designed to enable and
  assist communities in developing a comprehensive, coordinated community approach and
  interagency protocol for investigating child abuse and exploitation.
Contact:  	Ron Laney, OJJDP
		Phone: 202/616-7323
		E-mail: Laney@ojp.usdoj.gov
Juvenile Justice Law Enforcement Training and Technical Assistance Program
Grantee/Contractor:  To Be Determined
OJP Sponsor:  OJJDP
Audience: State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies
Description of Services:  This program provides training and technical assistance to state, local, and
tribal law enforcement professionals seeking to increase juvenile accountability and improve their
response systems, as part of a collaborative effort to prevent and control juvenile crime and
victimization and improve public safety.  Workshops offered include:
   Chief Executive Officer Forum, a 2-day workshop that provides an executive overview of
  OJJDP's comprehensive youth violence strategy and risk-focused approach to the prevention
  and control of juvenile violence;
   Managing Juvenile Operations,  a 3-day workshop designed to improve the efficiency,
  effectiveness, and productivity of law enforcement juvenile units within the overall framework
  of a comprehensive community wide strategy to prevent and control juvenile delinquency;
   School Administrators for Effective Police Operations Leading to Improved Children and
  Youth Services, a 3-day workshop designed to reduce delinquency and violence in schools
  through targeted, interagency and multi-agency programs that involve law enforcement, the
  schools, and human services agencies in the community;
   Serious Habitual Offender Comprehensive Action Program, an intensive, 4-day interagency
  information-sharing and problem-solving workshop designed to improve public safety and
  increase youth accountability through a strategy that identifies the small number of youth in
  jurisdictions who are responsible for a disproportionate amount of serious crime and
  delinquency, and intervenes, following arrest, with informed assessments of delinquency
  patterns and family functioning;
   Tribal Juvenile Justice Training and Technical Assistance, a 3-day program to assist Native
  American law enforcement and human service agencies in the development and implementation
  of a comprehensive strategy to address youth crime, violence, and victimization in tribal
  communities;
   Youth Gang, Gun, and Drug Policy, a 3-day workshop designed to enable communities to
  develop and implement effective comprehensive strategies to prevent, intervene with, and
  control youth gangs and the co-occurring problems of illegal gun possession and substance
  abuse;
   Youth-Oriented Community Policing, is a 3-day workshop that brings the principles and
  approaches of community policing to bear on the issues of juvenile delinquency and
  victimization; and
   Youth Violence Reduction Integrated Action Program, a 3-day strategic workshop to
  promote replication of the successful Boston juvenile crime reduction strategy.  It helps build
  the capacity of local communities to use federal, state, and local law enforcement and
  other resources in innovative ways, under strategic plans, to address youth violence and
  delinquency.
Contact:  	Bob Hubbard, OJJDP
		Phone: 202/616-3567
		E-mail: Hubbard@ojp.usdoj.gov
Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training Center
Grantee/Contractor:  National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP
Audience: State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies
Description of Services:  Established in April 1997, the Jimmy Ryce Law Enforcement Training
Center is a cooperative venture among OJJDP, the National Center for Missing and Exploited
Children (NCMEC), and two FBI entities (the Child Abduction Serial Killer Unit and the Criminal
Justice Information Services Division).  The Jimmy Ryce Center offers a wide range of training
programs to law enforcement chief executive officers, senior managers, and line officers to increase
their awareness of and response to missing and exploited children cases.  The CEO Missing and
Exploited Children's Seminar is designed to increase awareness and understanding of issues relating
to missing and exploited children, and improve agency response and operations for handling these
cases.
Contact:  	Ron Laney, OJJDP
		Phone: 202/616-7323
		E-mail: Laney@ojp.usdoj.gov
Youth Focused Community Policing
Grantee/Contractor:  Fox Valley Technical College
OJP Sponsor: OJJDP (in partnership with COPS and the Community Relations Service)
Audience: Empowerment Zone/Economic Community (EZ/EC) jurisdictions
Project Description: The Youth Focused Community Policing (YFCP) initiative assists local
jurisdictions in establishing partnerships and dialogues among youth, police, the community, and
other agencies of local government.  The YFCP initiative provides communities the training and
technical assistance necessary to develop a self-assessment instrument and methodology, and to
implement, maintain, and evaluate delinquency prevention and control strategies.  Fox Valley
Technical College primarily provides training and technical assistance to EZ/EC jurisdictions.
Contact:  	Jeff Slowikowski, OJJDP
		Phone: 202/616-3646
		E-mail: Jeff@ojp.usdoj.gov
Hate Crime Training Initiative
Grantee/Contractor: Community Research Associates, Inc.
FY99 Funding: $500,000
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Audience: State and local law enforcement officers, policy makers, civil rights advocates, legal
community members, and criminal justice practitioners.
Description of Services: Community Research Associates, in partnership with federal agencies,
national education and advocacy groups, and state, local, and community officials, will support the
presentation of DOJ hate crime curricula to state and local law enforcement agencies. Among this
initiative's core activities are regional training sessions for law enforcement officers to be conducted
by multidisciplinary teams; coordination with law enforcement professionals and U.S. Attorneys'
local anti-hate crime strategies; reports for policy makers and law enforcement personnel describing
successful hate crime initiatives now in operation across the country; and a national hate crime
education campaign targeting law enforcement, youth, and criminal justice practitioners.
Contact:  Jennifer McKinney, Community Research Associates, Inc.
          Phone:  615/399-9908
          Fax:  615/399-9301
          E-mail:  jmckinney@community-research.com
Investigate and Surveillance Technology Initiative
Grantee/Contractor:  Institute of Investigate Technology
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience:  Law enforcement executives and investigators
Description of Services:  The Institute of Investigate Technology designs and delivers training in the
use of investigative and surveillance technology to approximately 3,500 state and local enforcement
officers throughout the United States as part of BJA's Technical Investigative Training Program.
This training program consists of 38 one-week courses conducted at 20 regional training sites
throughout the U.S.  Each course will be comprised of a one-day "Investigative Technology
Seminar for The Police Administrator" and four days of "Investigative Technology Training" for
investigators.  This program provides a technical investigative overview for administrators and
intermediate skills development training for investigators.
Contact:  	John Ramming
          	Phone:  410/584-2355
		Fax:  410/584-2356
Illegal Firearms Investigations Technical Assistance
Grantee/Contractor:  International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience:  State and local law enforcement supervisors, managers, and policy makers
Description of Services:  This program is designed to increase the capacity of police departments to
conduct investigations into the illegal trafficking and use of firearms.  A key element of the training
is to fully expose local police departments to the capabilities of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco,
and Firearms (ATF) Firearms Tracing Center, and to stress the importance of tracing all crime guns.
ATF is a full partner in this effort, and Tracing Center command staff are involved in the technical
assistance program.
Contact:  Paul Bolton, Project Director
          Phone:  703/836-6767
          Fax:  703/836-4543
          Website:  www.theiacp.org
Gang Violence Enforcement Technical Assistance and Training
Grantee/Contractor:  Institute for Intergovernmental Research
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience:  State and local law enforcement commanders and prosecutors
Description of Services:  This project disseminates lessons learned in BJA-funded projects dealing
with street gangs as organized crime and using RICO-type procedures in attacking gang structures.
The program assists local law enforcement and prosecution agencies in addressing the growing
problem of gang-related violence, with a special focus on drugs and firearms.  This program
advocates the shared management task force concept of the Organized Crime Narcotics Trafficking
Enforcement Program to investigate and prosecute gangs as organized criminal enterprises.
Contact:  Emory Williams, Vice President
          Phone:  850/385-0600
          Fax:  850/422-3529
Small Jurisdictions Technical Assistance
Grantee/Contractor:  International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience:  Small urban or suburban police departments serving a population of 25,000 or fewer,
located or contiguous to a Metropolitan Statistical Area, or small police departments that serve a
population between 25,000 and 50,000 regardless of location.  This includes tribal police.
Description of Services:  IACP provides technical assistance to small police departments to
customize their policies and procedures to meet their unique needs and to teach them how to
network with other justice agencies to mobilize, share information, and seek resources.  Services
include: executive development, recruitment of minorities, use of two officer police vehicles,
technology applications, emergency transport, identification of grant resources, task force creation,
governmental relations, and implementation of community policing.
Contact:  John Firman, Director of Research
          Phone:  703/836-6767
          Fax:  703/836-4543
          Website:  www.theiacp.org
Center for Task Force Training (CenTF)
Grantee/Contractor:  Institute for Intergovernmental Research
OJP Sponsor: BJA
Audience:  State, local, and tribal task force commanders
Description of Services:  The CenTF program develops and implements management and
operational training for commanders of task forces involved in centrally coordinated, multi-agency
responses to drug crimes.  The CenTF training program addresses emerging and high-risk drug
problems, including the investigation of methamphetamine trafficking and street gangs as criminal
organizations.
Contact:  Emory Williams
          Phone: 850/385-0600
          Fax: 505/298-7292
In addition to the above OJP initiatives, law enforcement TA and training is also available through
the Justice Department's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS).  For further
information, see COPS' Website at www.usdoj.gov/cops/ or call the Department of Justice
Response Center toll-free at 1-800/421-6770.
Adjudication Technical Assistance/Training
Adjudication System Technical Assistance Project
Grantee/Contractor:  American University
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience: State and local court and other criminal justice officials
Description of Services:  In partnership with the National Legal Aid and Defender Association, the
Pretrial Services Resource Center, and the Justice Management Institute, American University
provides technical assistance to state and local criminal courts and to other adjudication systems,
such as pretrial and defense. This technical assistance includes onsite consultation to individual
courts and jurisdictions by senior practitioner experts drawn from the national adjudication system
community and from senior staff of the consortium organizations; self-help workshops for judicial
system representatives on topics of common interest; publication of best-practice guides on topics
of importance to judicial system planning and operations; and office-based assistance provided by
senior staff of the consortium organizations.
Contact:  American University
          Phone: 202/885-2875
          Fax: 202/885-2885
          E-mail: justice@american.edu
          Website:  www.american.edu/justice
Assessment and Enhancement of Indigent Defense Services
Grantee/Contractor:  National Legal Aid and Defender Association (NLADA)
OJP Sponsor:  BJA
Audience: State and local indigent defense organizations
Description of Services: This project helps state and local indigent defense organizations improve
the management of drug and violent crime cases.  NLADA develops and distributes comprehensive
evaluation instruments for the project's onsite training and various technical assistance initiatives.
The results of the training will be analyzed to improve and expand future technical assistance to the
defender community.  NLADA will also begin an in depth study of defender caseloads and
workloads that will be an important resource for updating caseload standards.
Contact:  National Legal Aid and Defender Association
          Phone: 202/452-0620
          Fax: 202/872-1031
          E-mail: info@nlada.org
          Website:  www.nlada.org
Chapter 14
For More Information
OJP provides a variety of resources to assist prospective grantees and the public obtain information
about OJP programs, research, publications, training, and technical assistance.  In recent years, OJP
has greatly expanded its efforts to share such information with as diverse a constituency as possible.
Whether through focusing efforts to reach out to specific constituencies--such as Native Americans
or rural communities--or reaching a broader audience by tapping into the resources of the Internet
and the World Wide Web, OJP is now able to communicate more information, more quickly than
ever before.  The following briefly describes OJP's Websites, clearinghouses, publications, and
other information resources, as well as related assistance provided by other federal agencies.
Websites
   OJP Website.  OJP maintains a Website at www.ojp.usdoj.gov.  In addition to general
  information about OJP and its bureaus, the Website includes downloadable versions of many
  OJP publications and application kits, as well as useful links to selected criminal justice
  Websites.  Several OJP bureaus and offices also have special E-mail addresses listed on their
  Websites for inquiries about research, statistical data, programming, and other information.  The
  address for general inquiries is maintained by the Office of Congressional and Public Affairs and
  can be reached by sending an E-mail to AskOCPA@ojp.usdoj.gov.
   Partnerships Against Violence Network (PAVNET) Online is a searchable "virtual library"
  of information about promising programs, funding sources, and technical information sources
  related to violence prevention and youth at risk.  PAVNET is supported by a partnership of
  seven different federal agencies, including the Justice Department.  The Web address is
  www.pavnet.org.
   Weed and Seed Webpage, Database, and Electronic Exchange Forum. The Weed and Seed
  Webpage serves as an electronic repository for information and materials about Operation Weed
  and Seed, including program background information, contact information for staff and sites,
  and information on successful sites.  The Webpage also contains links to other services to
  identify and locate TA resources and has a response section to leave comments or request
  additional information about Weed and Seed.  The Webpage address is
  www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/.
    The Weed and Seed Database is an archive of basic site information on all sites.  The database
  contains a summary for each site that includes demographics, a description of the target area,
  historic information, highlights of key successes, the most noteworthy programs, and funding
  information.  One of the main uses of the database is to search the extensive catalogue of site
  activities and programs and site contact information. The Weed and Seed Internet Listserv
  provides a forum for electronic exchanges among Weed and Seed sites.  This listserv allows
  sites to post and receive E-mail messages from other sites and EOWS staff and TA contractors
  to provide timely information to the sites and respond to questions.  To join the listserv, E-mail
  your request to Deborah Haley at DHALEY@ilj.org.
   The Justice Technology Information Network (JUSTNET) is a gateway to the services of
  NIJ's National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center System, as well as other
  technology information and resources for law enforcement and corrections.  Through
  JUSTNET, users can access interactive bulletin boards on a variety of related topics, a
  comprehensive database of law enforcement and corrections products and technologies, and
  NLECTC publications.  The site can be accessed at www.nlectc.org.
   JUSTINFO.NET is an NIJ research forum on crime and justice that works in close cooperation
  with the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network.  It
  provides access to criminal justice institutes and international crime data from around the world.
  The Website address is www.justinfo.net.
   The National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (NACJD) Website at
  www.icpsr.umich.edu/nacjd provides downloadable access to more than 500 criminal justice
  data collections free of charge.  NACJD is sponsored by BJS and maintained by the Inter-
  university Consortium for Political and Social Research at the University of Michigan.
   BJS's Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics Online brings together data about all aspects
  of criminal justice in the United States presented in over 600 tables from more than 100 sources.
  The electronic version of Sourcebook's tables and sections are presented in Adobe Acrobat
  format and can be viewed, searched, and printed.  The site is updated regularly to reflect new
  data as they will appear in the next printed edition of the Sourcebook, which BJS will publish in
  the summer of 1999.
Information/Publications Clearinghouses
   The Department of Justice Response Center is staffed by specialists who answer questions
  and provide information about Justice Department funding programs, including all OJP and
  Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office funding programs.  Center staff also can
  provide copies of program solicitations, guidelines, and other documents.   The Response
  Center can be reached by calling toll-free at 1-800/421-6770 or 202/307-1480 in the
  Washington, D.C. metropolitan area.
   The National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) is one of the most extensive
  sources of information on criminal and juvenile justice in the world.  NCJRS is a collection of
  clearinghouses supporting all OJP bureaus and offices, as well as the Office of National Drug
  Control Policy.  Call NCJRS toll-free at 1-800/851-3420 or 301/251-5500 in the Washington,
  D.C. metropolitan area to speak with an information specialist who can conduct individualized
  research and provide copies of OJP publications.  Access to publications, grant information, and
  other resources is available via the NCJRS Website at www.ncjrs.org.  The publications archives
  are accessible in a searchable and downloadable format.  Information and assistance also is
  available from any of the NCJRS clearinghouses listed below:
     BJA Clearinghouse             Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse
     1-800/688-4252                1-800/638-8736
     BJS Clearinghouse             National Victims Resource Center
     1-800/732-3277                1-800/627-6872
   The National Clearinghouse for Criminal Justice Information Systems (CJIS), sponsored
  by BJS and operated by SEARCH, maintains an Internet-accessible automated index of more
  than 1,000 criminal justice information systems maintained by state and local governments
  throughout the nation.  It also provides online access to the FBI's Law Enforcement Bulletin,
  opinions of the United States Supreme Court, all four volumes of the FBI specifications for the
  National Incident-Based Reporting System, and publications from other agencies and
  associations.  In addition, the clearinghouse issues technical publications, provides technical
  assistance and training for state and local government officials, and operates the National
  Criminal Justice Computer Laboratory and Training Center. CJIS is accessible through the
  Internet at www.ch.search.org/.  For more information about the clearinghouse, call
  916/392-2550, or send an E-mail to webmaster@search.org.
   The Professional Conference Series Website contains information about the more than 100
  NIJ-sponsored conferences each year, registration for events, and past conferences.  The site
  address is www.nijpcs.org.
Publications
   Fiscal Year At-A-Glance describes current OJP fiscal year appropriation levels and funding
  programs, eligibility for grants, a chart showing state-by-state estimates or final allocations
  under OJP formula programs, an OJP organizational chart, and the status of program
  regulations, guidelines, reports, application kits, and grant awards.  At-A-Glance is produced
  annually and updated quarterly.  Copies are available online from the OJP Website or by calling
  NCJRS and asking for NCJ-173947.
   The Office of Justice Programs Resource Guide offers a "road map" of OJP programs,
  training, technical assistance, and other resources.  It describes, in general, OJP's major grant
  programs, community-based initiatives, available training and technical assistance, publications,
  information clearinghouses, and other resources.  The Resource Guide is available online from
  the OJP Website or by calling NCJRS or the Department of Justice Response Center.
   The OJP Partnership Directory, originally produced to help U.S. Attorneys learn about federal
  resources available in their districts, is an excellent resource for anyone interested in developing
  a comprehensive community-based approach to public safety.  The directory includes
  descriptions of major programs of several federal domestic agencies and information on who to
  contact to learn more about these programs.  It also includes state points-of-contact for OJP's
  formula grants and state agencies administering other federal programs.  The directory can be
  accessed from OJP's Website.
   Another comprehensive guide to federal programs is the Catalog of Federal Domestic
  Assistance, which is maintained by the General Services Administration.  The catalog is a
  government-wide compendium of federal programs, projects, services, and activities that
  provide assistance or benefits to the American public. It contains financial and nonfinancial
  assistance programs administered by departments and establishments of the federal government.
  To purchase the catalog in hard copy or in tape, diskette, or CD-ROM format, contact the
  Federal Domestic Assistance Catalog Staff, General Services Administration, 300 7th Street,
  SW, Suite 101, Washington, DC 20407 or call 202/708-5126.  The catalog is also available on
  the Web in searchable format.  The Web address is www.gsa.gov/fdac/queryfdac.htm.
Main Office Numbers
Office of Justice Programs
Laurie Robinson
Assistant Attorney General
202/307-5933
www.ojp.usdoj.gov
Bureau of Justice Assistance
Nancy E. Gist
Director
202/616-6500
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/
Bureau of Justice Statistics
Jan M. Chaiken, Ph.D.
Director
202/307-0765
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/
National Institute of Justice
Jeremy Travis
Director
202/307-2942
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/
Office of Juvenile Justice
 and Delinquency Prevention
Shay Bilchik
Administrator
202/307-5911
www.ojjdp.ncjrs.org
Office for Victims of Crime
Kathryn Turman
Acting Director
202/307-5983
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/
Violence Against Women Office
Bonnie Campbell
Director
202/616-8894
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/vawo/
Executive Office for Weed and Seed
Stephen Rickman
Director
202/616-1152
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/eows/
Corrections Program Office
Larry Meachum
Director
202/307-3914
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/cpo/
Drug Courts Program Office
Marilyn Roberts
Director
202/616-5001
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/dcpo/
Office of State and Local Domestic
Preparedness Support
C. Butch Straub
Director
202/305-9887
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/osldps/
Office of the Police Corps and Law
Enforcement Education
Michael J. Dalich
Acting Director
202/307-0467
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/opclee/
Office of Congressional and Public Affairs
Harri j. Kramer
Director
202/307-0703
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ocpa/
Office of the Comptroller
Cynthia J. Schwimer
Comptroller
202/307-0623
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/oc/
American Indian/Alaska Native
Affairs Office
Norena Henry
Director
202/616-9053
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/aian/
To write to OJP, address your
correspondence to us at:
810 Seventh St., N.W.
Washington, D.C.  20531
Glossary of Acronyms
AARP      American Association of Retired Persons
ABA       American Bar Association
ACA       American Correctional Association
ADAM 	    Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring Program
APPA      American Probation and Parole Association
APRI      American Prosecutors Research Institute
BATF      Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms
BCGA      Boys & Girls Clubs of America
BJA       Bureau of Justice Assistance
BJS       Bureau of Justice Statistics
BOP       Bureau of Prisons
BTC       Breaking the Cycle
CAC       Children's Advocacy Center
CASA      Court Appointed Special Advocate
CCP       Comprehensive Communities Program
CDCP      Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CD-CP     Child Development/Community-Oriented Policing
CDP       Center for Domestic Preparedness
CJA       Criminal Justice Associates (also Children's Justice Act)
CNBC      Congress of National Black Churches
COPS      Office of Community-Oriented Policing Services
CPO       Corrections Program Office
CSAP      Center for Substance Abuse Prevention
CSAT      Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
CSOM      Center for Sex Offender Management
CWLA      Child Welfare League of America
DARE      Drug Abuse Resistance Education
DCPO      Drug Courts Program Office
DEA       Drug Enforcement Administration
DOJ       U.S. Department of Justice
DOD       Department of Defense
EOUSA     Executive Office for United States Attorneys
EOWS      Executive Office for Weed and Seed
FBI       Federal Bureau of Investigation
FEMA      Federal Emergency Management Agency
HHS       U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HUD       U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
IACP      International Association of Chiefs of Police
IHS       Indian Health Service
INS       Immigration and Naturalization Service
JAIBG     Juvenile Accountability Incentive Block Grants
JJC       Juvenile Justice Clearinghouse
JRSA      Justice Research and Statistics Association
LLEBG     Local Law Enforcement Block Grants
NAAG      National Association of Attorneys General
NADCP     National Association of Drug Court Professionals
NATW      National Association of Town Watch
NCCD      National Council on Crime and Delinquency
NCHIP     National Criminal History Improvement Program
NCJFCJ    National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges
NCJRS     National Criminal Justice Reference Service
NCMEC     National Center for Missing and Exploited Children
NCPC      National Crime Prevention Council
NCSC      National Center for State Courts
NCVS      National Crime Victimization Survey
NDAA      National District Attorneys Association
NDPO      National Domestic Preparedness Office
NIAAA     National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism
NIC       National Institute of Corrections
NIDA      National Institute on Drug Abuse
NIJ       National Institute of Justice
NIJC      National Indian Justice Center
NIMH      National Institute of Mental Health
NJC       National Judicial College
NLADA     National Legal Aid and Defender Association
NLECTC    National Law Enforcement and Corrections Technology Center
NSA       National Sheriffs' Association
NYGC      National Youth Gang Center
OJJDP     Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention
OJP       Office of Justice Programs
ONDCP     Office of National Drug Control Policy
OPCLEE    Office of the Police Corps and Law Enforcement Education
OSLDPS    Office of State and Local Domestic Preparedness Support
OVC       Office for Victims of Crime
PERF      Police Executive Research Forum
RISS      Regional Information Sharing System
RSAT      Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for State Prisoners Program
SAC       Statistical Analysis Center
SACSI     Strategic Approaches to Community Safety Initiative
SAMHSA    Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SANE      Sexual Assault Nurse Examiner
SJI       State Justice Institute
TA        Technical Assistance
VAW       Violence Against Women
VAWO      Violence Against Women Office
VOCA      Victims of Crime Act
VOI/TIS   Violent Offender Incarceration/Truth-in-Sentencing Grant Program
WMD       Weapons of Mass Destruction