Cruise Report: WHP Line P18
(Draft prepared by John Bullister, NOAA-PMEL
(Date of this draft: 22 July 1996)

Note: The following figures and appendices are included in this file:
Fig 1.   Station Locations Map for P18 (CGC94)
Fig 2a.  Salinity Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 2b.  Salinity Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary) 
Fig 3a.  Oxygen (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) -(Preliminary)
Fig 3b.  Oxygen (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary)
Fig 4a.  Phosphate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 4b.  Phosphate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94)  0-1000m (Preliminary)
Fig 5a.  Silicate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 5b.  Silicate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary)
Fig 6a.  Nitrate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 6b.  Nitrate (umol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary)
Fig 7a.  CFC-11 (pmol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 7b.  CFC-11 (pmol/kg) Section along P18 (CGC94) 0-1000m (Preliminary)
Fig 8a.  CFC-12 (pmol/kg)Section  along P18 (CGC94) (Preliminary)
Fig 8b.  CFC-12 (pmol/kg)Section  along P18 (CGC94  0-1000m (Preliminary)

APPENDIX 1.  CTD/Rosette Station Locations on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 2.  ALACE Float Deployment Locations on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 3.  XCTD deployments Locations on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 4.  Productivity and Shallow Biological Cast Locations on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 5a. CFC-11 and CFC-12 Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94) 
APPENDIX 5b. CFC Air Measurements on P18 (CGC94) 
APPENDIX 5c. Replicate CFC-11 measurements on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 5d. Replicate CFC-12 measurements on P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 6a. Oxygen Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 6b  Replicate Oxygen Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 7.  Bottle Salinity Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
APPENDIX 8.  Nutrient Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
 
Expedition:     CGC94 (WOCE section P18)
EXPOCODE:       31DICG94/1 31DICG94/2 31DICG94/3
Ship:           NOAA Research Vessel DISCOVERER

Chief Scientists: 
Leg 2:           Dr. Bruce A. Taft (retired)
                 Dr. John L. Bullister
                  Tel: 	    (206)526-6741
                  FAX: 	    (206)526-6744
                  Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov

Leg 3:           Dr. Gregory C. Johnson 
		  Tel: 	    (206)526-6806
                  FAX: 	    (206)526-6744
                  Internet: gjohnson@pmel.noaa.gov
                 Dr. Richard A. Feely
                  Tel:      (206)526-6214
                  FAX: 	    (206)526-6744
                  Internet: feely@pmel.noaa.gov
  
                 All at:
                 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
                 Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA-PMEL)
                 7600 Sand Point Way, NE
                 Seattle, WA 98115 USA

Leg 1: Transit from Seattle- Punta Arenas Chile
       26 January 1994 - 18 February 1994
       (Stations 1-7: Not part of P18 section)

Leg 2: Punta Arenas- Easter Island
       22 February 1994 - 24 March 1994
       (Stations 8-87)

Leg 3: Easter Island- San Diego
       29 March 1994 - 27 April 1994
       (Stations 88-194)
  
Cruise Track: The station locations are shown in Fig. 1 and listed
              in Appendix 1 and in the P18.sum file.

Cruise Summary:
     WOCE Hydrographic Section P18 was completed on the NOAA Ship
Discoverer in early 1994 by NOAA and academic researchers measuring a
wide suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes.  The P18
section started north from 67oS, 103oW to 10oS, 103oW.  From there the
section crossed the East Pacific Rise in a northwesterly direction to
5oS, 110o 20'W.  The northward course was then resumed to 8oN, 110o
20'W, where slight adjustments in longitude were made to bring the
section to 110oW at 10oN.  From there a northward course was followed
to the final station, in less than 200 m of water off the southern cape
of Baja California at  22o 51.2'N, 110oW.  Nominal station spacing was
30 nm, reduced to 20 nm from 3oS to 3oN and less from 22o 30'N to the
section end.  Station spacing was increased to 40 nm from 58o 30' to
48o 30'S, from 10o to 5oS, and from 10o to 14oN, to make up for delays
owing to heavy weather and winch level-wind problems.

     A total of 185 full-water column CTD/O2 stations were made along the
section (Fig. 1).  Of these, 158 stations were made with a
36-position, 10-liter bottle frame with a lowered ADCP and a
transmissometer.  The other 27 stations were made using a 24-position,
4-liter bottle frame, which was deployed primarily during heavy
weather.  A Sea-Bird Electronics 911plus CTD was mounted in each
frame.  In addition to the set of temperature and conductivity sensors
resident on each CTD, a mobile set of temperature and conductivity
sensors with a dissolved oxygen sensor was always mounted on the CTD in
use.  This arrangement allowed redundant temperature and conductivity
measurements for quality control and continuity of temperature and
conductivity measurements while keeping each CTD mounted in its own
frame.
     Water samples were collected at every station for analyses of salt,
dissolved oxygen, and dissolved nutrients (silicate, nitrate, nitrite,
and phosphate).  Samples were drawn at selected locations for analysis of
CFC-11, CFC-12, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity, pH,
pCO2, 3He, tritium, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon isotopes,
oxygen isotopes, and other variables.  Daily shallow casts were made
for assessment of various biological parameters, including
productivity.  A total of 25 ALACE floats were deployed during the
cruise, 6 in the Southern Ocean during the transit to the start of the
section, and 19 along the section (including 1 CTD ALACE).  A total of
19 XCTDs were successfully launched between CTD stations from 1oN to 9o
30'N.  Underway measurements included pH, pCO2, nitrate and chlorophyll.  
    

Sampling accomplished:
 
194 Stations were completed, including 9 on the transit to the start
of the P18 section (Sta 1-9)

Approximately number of water samples analysed:
    6147 salinity
    6042 oxygen
    5999 nutrients
    2960 chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
    3147 Total CO2 
    2998 pCO2
    4365 pH
    1006 DOC
     314 DON
   
Approximate number of water samples collected for shore-based analysis:
     1002 helium-3 
     587 tritium
     938 AMS radiocarbon (C-14) and C-13

Figs. 2-8 show preliminary sections of bottle salinity, dissolved
oxygen, phosphate, silicate, nitrate, CFC-11, CFC-12. These preliminary
sections only utilize values listed in the P18.sea file which are flagged as
"good" (flags 2 or 6) and where the btlnbr flag is also 2.
 
Lowered ADCP profiles were obtained at about 158 stations using a
rosette mounted lowered ADCP instrument.

Continous underway ADCP measurements were made along the cruise track.

Measurents of surface-layer dissolved gases and atmospheric trace gases
including nitrous oxide and halocarbons) were made along the transit
leg (Leg 1).  These results have been presented in the technical
report:  
Lobert, J.M.., J.H. Butler, L.S. Geller, S.A. Yvon, S.A.  Montzka, R.C.
Myers, A.D. Clarke, and J.W. Elkins.  BLAST94: Bromine Latitudinal
Air/Sea Transect 1994 report on oceanic measurements on methyl bromide
and other compounds.  NOAA Technical Memorandum ERL CMDL-10, 39 pp.
(1996).

 
Participating  Institutions:
    NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL)
    NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meterological Laboratory (AOML)
    NOAA Climate Modelling and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL)
    Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI)
    Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)
    University of Hawaii (UH)
    University of Miami (UM)
    University of South Florida (USF)
    University of Washington (UW)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)

The following measurements were made (with Associated P.I.):

CTD                             Bruce Taft/Greg Johnson- PMEL
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs):     John Bullister- PMEL
C-14 (AMS radiocarbon), C-13:   Paul Quay- UW
Nutrients:                      Kathy Krogslund- UW/Calvin Mordy PMEL
Dissolved Oxygen:               John Bullister- PMEL
Helium/tritium:                 Bill Jenkins- WHOI
CO2 (alkalinity):               Frank Millero- UM  
Total CO2 (coulometry), pCO2    Dick Feely- PMEL/Rik Wanninkhof-AOML
pH                              Robert Byrne- USF 
ADCP:                           Peter Hacker/Eric Firing- U Hawaii
ALACE Float deployment:         Russ Davis- SIO
Underway atmospheric/surface
halocarbons; nitrous oxide:     Jim Butler- NOAA-CMDL 
Productivity                    Francisco Chavez- MBARI
Bathymetry:                     Ship personnel
Underway thermosalinograph:     Ship personnel

Addresses of PIs:

Dr. John L. Bullister
NOAA-PMEL
7600 Sand Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98115 USA
Tel: 	    (206)526-6741
FAX: 	    (206)526-6744
Internet: bullister@pmel.noaa.gov

Dr. James Butler
NOAA-CMDL
325 Broadway  R/E/CG1
Boulder, CO 80303
Telephone     : 303-497-6898
Internet      : butler@cmdl1.cmdl.erl.gov

Dr. Robert Byrne
Marine Science Department
University of South Florida
140 7th Ave. South
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
Telephone     : 813-893-9508
Internet      : byrne@msl1.marine.usf.edu

Dr. Francisco Chavez
MBARI
160 Central Ave
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
Telephone     : 408-647-3700 
Internet      : chfr@mbari.org

Dr. Russ Davis
SIO-UCSD
MC 8030
La Jolla, CA 92093
Telephone     : 619-534-4415
Internet      : davis@nemo.ucsd.edu

Dr. Richard A. Feely
NOAA-PMEL
7600 Sand Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98115 USA
Tel:         : (206)526-6214
FAX: 	     : (206)526-6744
Internet:    : feely@pmel.noaa.gov

Dr. Eric Firing
JIMAR
University of Hawaii
1000 Pope Road
Honolulu, HI 96822
Telephone     : 808-734-8621
Internet      : efiring@iniki.soest.hawaii.edu

Dr. William Jenkins
Department of Chemistry
WHOI
Clark 4
Woods Hole, MA 
Telephone     : 617-548-14000 ext: 2554
Internet      : wjj@burford.whoi.edu


Dr. Gregory C. Johnson 
NOAA-PMEL
7600 Sand Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98115 USA
Tel: 	      : (206)526-6806
FAX: 	      : (206)526-6744
Internet:     : gjohnson@pmel.noaa.gov

Dr. Frank Millero
University of Miami
RSMAS
4600 Rickenbacher Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
Telephone     : 305-361-4707
Internet      : millero@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu

Dr. Calvin Mordy
NOAA-PMEL
7600 Sand Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98115 USA
Tel: 	      : (206)526-6870
FAX: 	      : (206)526-6744
Internet:     : mordy@pmel.noaa.gov

Dr. Paul Quay 
University of Washington
School of Oceanography
WB-10
Seattle, WA 98195
Telephone     : 206-685-6081
Internet      : pdquay@u.washington.edu

Dr, Rik Wanninkhof
AOML
430 1Rickenbacher Causeway
Miami, FL 33149
Telephone     : 305-361-4379
Internet      :  wanninkhof@ocean.aoml.noaa.gov

Dr. Bruce A. Taft (retired)
NOAA-PMEL
7600 Sand Point Way, NE
Seattle, WA 98115 USA


^L  
Discussion:
Problems:
 Some time was lost on the southern end of leg 2 due to weather.
We encountered a number of problems with the level-wind mechanism on
the winch, which led to bad wraps on the drum.  A number of attempts
were made to re-tension the wire on the drum at sea by removing the
CTD/rosette package, attaching a weight to the wire, and spooling the
full length of the wire (except the last full wrap on the drum) out
behind the ship while underway. These problems persisted throughout the
cruise, and resulted in slower than anticipated average winch speeds
and some loss of time.
Some time was lost on station due to conducting cable and wire
termination problems.  

 
Participating Scientists: CGC94 (P18) Cruise 
Program      Inst.  Leg 1           Leg 2           Leg 3

Chief Sci/   PMEL *J.Bullister  M   B.Taft       M  G.Johnson        M   
Co-Chief Sci PMEL *G.Johnson    M   J.Bullister  M  R.Feely          M   
CTD          PMEL *K.McTaggart  F   K.McTaggart  F  K.McTaggart      F   
           SeaBird                  N.Larsen     M
CFC          PMEL *D.Wisegarver M   D.Wisegarver M  D.Wisegarver     M   
             PMEL                   C.Beegle     F  K.Hargreaves     M   
Salinity     AOML                   G.Thomas     M  G.Thomas         M   
Helium/trit  WHOI                   J.Curtice    M  S.Birdwhistell   M
Oxygen       PMEL *K.Hargreaves M   K.Hargreaves M  K.Jones          M   
Nutrients    UW                     K.Krogslund  F  K.Krogslund      F   
             UW                     C.Mordy      M  C.Mordy          M   
ADCP         UH                     C.Huhta      M  R.Lumpkin        M   
Trace gases  CMDL  J.Lobert     M  
             CMDL  M.Nowick     M  
             CMDL  L.Geller     F
             CMDL *J.Butler     M
             CMDL *S.Montzka    M
Productiv.  MBARI                   K.Buck       M  K.Buck           M   
                                    G.Morris     M  R.Kudela         M   
                                    T.Hayden     M
DOC          Miami                  D.Hansell    M  R.Kelly          F   
Alkalinity   Miami                  J.Zhang      M  E.Peltola        M   
                                    S.Olivella   F  M.DeAlessi       M   
                                    B.Vargas     M  M.Roche          F   
Underway pH  SIO   A.Dickson    M
pH           USF                    R.Byrne      M  H.Zhang          F   
             USF                    R.Bernstein  F  S.McElligott     M   
             USF                    H.Zhang      F  F.Stengard       M   
pCO2         PMEL                   D.Greeley    M  D.Greeley        M   
             PMEL  K.Jones      M   C.Cosca      F  M.Steckley       M   
TCO2         PMEL *M.Roberts    F   K.Jones      M  M.Roberts        F   
             PMEL                   T.Lantry     M  T.Lantry         M   
C-13/C-14    UW                     J.Green      M  L.Housel         F   
Vents       CIMRS *L.Evans      M
Vents        PMEL *D.Taylor     M
Vents             *V.Anderson   M
CTD          PMEL *H.Milburn

Foreign Obs. Chile                  D.Gutierrez-Besa M
Foreign Obs. Mexico                                 D.Lopez-Veneroni M
Foreign Obs. Mexico                                 H.Perez-Ortiz    M

Electronics Technician:
                  J.Payseur         J.Payseur       S.Macri
*  Disembarked in San Francisco on Leg  1
 
APPENDIX 1.  CTD/Rosette Station Locations on P18 (CGC94)
 
CGC94 LEG1:
STATION                                     
 NUMBER   Latitude    Longitude      Date   
     1   47 43.4 N   122 24.6 W   26 Jan 94 
     2   44 14.1 N   129 40.5 W   28 Jan 94 
     3   44 12.0 N   129 43.0 W   28 Jan 94 
     4   44 16.6 N   129 44.9 W   28 Jan 94 
     5   44 09.8 N   129 44.9 W   28 Jan 94 
     6   44 12.3 N   129 37.3 W   29 Jan 94 
     7   44 18.0 N   129 35.3 W   29 Jan 94 
CGC94 LEG2:
STATION                                     
 NUMBER   Latitude    Longitude      Date   
     8   53 22.9 S   076 22.0 W   23 Feb 94 
     9   61 13.2 S   090 10.9 W   25 Feb 94 
    10   66 59.7 S   103 00.4 W   27 Feb 94 
    11   66 29.8 S   103 00.6 W   28 Feb 94 
    12   66 00.0 S   102 59.8 W   28 Feb 94 
    13   65 30.0 S   102 60.0 W   28 Feb 94 
    14   65 00.0 S   102 59.4 W   28 Feb 94 
    15   64 29.9 S   102 59.2 W    1 Mar 94 
    16   63 59.3 S   102 59.2 W    1 Mar 94 
    17   63 30.0 S   102 59.6 W    2 Mar 94 
    18   63 00.0 S   102 58.0 W    2 Mar 94 
    19   62 30.0 S   103 00.0 W    2 Mar 94 
    20   61 59.9 S   103 00.1 W    2 Mar 94 
    21   61 27.0 S   102 59.0 W    3 Mar 94 
    22   61 01.0 S   103 00.0 W    3 Mar 94 
    23   60 30.9 S   102 57.1 W    3 Mar 94 
    24   60 00.0 S   103 06.4 W    4 Mar 94 
    25   59 31.6 S   103 01.0 W    4 Mar 94 
    26   58 59.8 S   103 01.2 W    4 Mar 94 
    27   58 30.5 S   102 59.3 W    5 Mar 94 
    28   57 49.1 S   103 00.1 W    5 Mar 94 
    29   57 10.3 S   103 00.1 W    6 Mar 94 
    30   56 31.6 S   103 04.0 W    7 Mar 94 
    31   55 49.6 S   102 59.4 W    7 Mar 94 
    32   55 10.0 S   103 00.0 W    8 Mar 94 
    33   54 30.1 S   103 00.1 W    8 Mar 94 
    34   53 50.0 S   102 59.9 W    8 Mar 94 
    35   53 10.0 S   103 03.0 W    9 Mar 94 
    36   52 30.2 S   103 00.6 W    9 Mar 94 
    37   51 50.0 S   103 00.1 W    9 Mar 94 
    38   51 10.0 S   103 00.0 W   10 Mar 94 
    39   50 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   10 Mar 94 
    40   49 50.0 S   102 60.0 W   10 Mar 94 
    41   49 09.8 S   103 00.2 W   11 Mar 94 
    42   48 29.0 S   103 00.0 W   11 Mar 94 
    43   47 59.8 S   103 00.4 W   11 Mar 94 
    44   47 30.0 S   103 00.1 W   11 Mar 94 
    45   46 59.9 S   102 59.9 W   12 Mar 94 
    46   46 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   12 Mar 94 
    47   45 59.6 S   102 60.0 W   12 Mar 94 
    48   45 28.9 S   102 58.3 W   12 Mar 94 
    49   45 00.5 S   102 59.6 W   13 Mar 94 
    50   44 29.0 S   103 00.0 W   13 Mar 94 
    51   43 59.1 S   102 59.8 W   13 Mar 94 
    52   43 30.0 S   103 00.8 W   13 Mar 94 
    53   43 00.2 S   102 59.9 W   14 Mar 94 
    54   42 29.0 S   103 00.0 W   14 Mar 94 
    55   42 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   14 Mar 94 
    56   41 29.6 S   102 59.5 W   15 Mar 94 
    57   41 01.0 S   103 00.0 W   15 Mar 94 
    58   40 30.2 S   102 59.2 W   15 Mar 94 
    59   40 00.2 S   102 58.8 W   15 Mar 94 
    60   39 29.9 S   102 59.9 W   16 Mar 94 
    61   39 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   16 Mar 94 
    62   38 30.3 S   102 59.8 W   16 Mar 94 
    63   37 59.9 S   102 59.9 W   16 Mar 94 
    64   37 29.9 S   102 59.0 W   17 Mar 94 
    65   37 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   17 Mar 94 
    66   36 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   17 Mar 94 
    67   35 59.6 S   102 59.5 W   17 Mar 94 
    68   35 30.0 S   102 59.9 W   18 Mar 94 
    69   35 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   18 Mar 94 
    70   34 31.0 S   103 00.0 W   18 Mar 94 
    71   34 00.4 S   103 00.1 W   18 Mar 94 
    72   33 29.7 S   102 59.9 W   19 Mar 94 
    73   33 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   19 Mar 94 
    74   32 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   19 Mar 94 
    75   31 59.8 S   102 58.8 W   19 Mar 94 
    76   31 29.5 S   103 00.0 W   20 Mar 94 
    77   31 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   20 Mar 94 
    78   30 30.3 S   103 00.0 W   20 Mar 94 
    79   30 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   21 Mar 94 
    80   29 29.0 S   103 00.0 W   21 Mar 94 
    81   29 00.1 S   103 00.8 W   21 Mar 94 
    82   28 29.7 S   102 59.8 W   22 Mar 94 
    83   28 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   22 Mar 94 
    84   27 30.1 S   103 01.1 W   22 Mar 94 
    85   26 55.2 S   103 00.6 W   22 Mar 94 
    86   26 29.7 S   103 00.0 W   23 Mar 94 
    87   26 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   23 Mar 94 
CGC94 LEG3:
STATION                                     
 NUMBER   Latitude    Longitude      Date   
    88   25 29.9 S   103 00.0 W   29 Mar 94 
    89   24 59.3 S   103 00.0 W   29 Mar 94 
    90   24 30.1 S   102 59.8 W   29 Mar 94 
    91   23 59.9 S   103 00.1 W   29 Mar 94 
    92   23 29.7 S   102 59.7 W   30 Mar 94 
    93   23 00.1 S   102 59.8 W   30 Mar 94 
    94   22 29.9 S   102 59.9 W   30 Mar 94 
    95   21 59.6 S   102 59.4 W   30 Mar 94 
    96   21 30.0 S   102 59.9 W   31 Mar 94 
    97   20 59.9 S   103 00.1 W   31 Mar 94 
    98   20 30.1 S   103 00.0 W   31 Mar 94 
    99   20 00.0 S   103 00.0 W    1 Apr 94 
   100   19 30.1 S   102 59.5 W    1 Apr 94 
   101   19 00.0 S   103 00.1 W    1 Apr 94 
   102   18 29.7 S   103 00.1 W    2 Apr 94 
   103   17 59.9 S   103 00.2 W    2 Apr 94 
   104   17 30.0 S   103 00.4 W    2 Apr 94 
   105   16 59.9 S   102 59.7 W    2 Apr 94 
   106   16 29.9 S   102 59.9 W    3 Apr 94 
   107   16 00.0 S   103 00.0 W    3 Apr 94 
   108   15 30.1 S   103 00.0 W    3 Apr 94 
   109   14 60.0 S   102 60.0 W    3 Apr 94 
   110   14 30.2 S   102 59.3 W    4 Apr 94 
   111   14 00.0 S   102 59.7 W    4 Apr 94 
   112   13 30.0 S   103 00.2 W    4 Apr 94 
   113   13 00.6 S   103 00.5 W    5 Apr 94 
   114   12 30.1 S   103 00.1 W    5 Apr 94 
   115   12 00.1 S   103 00.1 W    5 Apr 94 
   116   11 30.3 S   103 00.0 W    5 Apr 94 
   117   11 00.0 S   103 00.8 W    6 Apr 94 
   118   10 30.4 S   103 00.1 W    6 Apr 94 
   119   10 00.2 S   102 60.0 W    6 Apr 94 
   120   09 37.1 S   103 34.0 W    6 Apr 94 
   121   09 14.1 S   104 08.1 W    7 Apr 94 
   122   08 51.2 S   104 41.7 W    7 Apr 94 
   123   08 27.8 S   105 15.6 W    7 Apr 94 
   124   08 04.7 S   105 49.7 W    8 Apr 94 
   125   07 42.0 S   106 23.0 W    8 Apr 94 
   126   07 18.7 S   106 56.6 W    8 Apr 94 
   127   06 56.4 S   107 30.7 W    9 Apr 94 
   128   06 33.7 S   108 04.4 W    9 Apr 94 
   129   06 09.3 S   108 38.5 W    9 Apr 94 
   130   05 46.4 S   109 12.2 W    9 Apr 94 
   131   05 23.5 S   109 46.0 W   10 Apr 94 
   132   05 00.1 S   110 20.1 W   10 Apr 94 
   133   04 29.7 S   110 19.6 W   10 Apr 94 
   134   04 00.2 S   110 19.7 W   10 Apr 94 
   135   03 29.9 S   110 20.0 W   11 Apr 94 
   136   03 00.0 S   110 20.0 W   11 Apr 94 
   137   02 40.0 S   110 19.9 W   11 Apr 94 
   138   02 20.0 S   110 20.1 W   11 Apr 94 
   139   02 00.7 S   110 20.4 W   12 Apr 94 
   140   01 40.0 S   110 19.9 W   12 Apr 94 
   141   01 20.0 S   110 20.1 W   12 Apr 94 
   142   01 00.1 S   110 19.7 W   13 Apr 94 
   143   00 41.0 S   110 20.0 W   14 Apr 94 
   144   00 20.1 S   110 19.6 W   14 Apr 94 
   145   00 00.0 S   110 20.0 W   13 Apr 94 
   146   00 20.1 N   110 20.0 W   14 Apr 94 
   147   00 39.9 N   110 20.2 W   14 Apr 94 
   148   01 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   14 Apr 94 
   149   01 20.0 N   110 20.0 W   14 Apr 94 
   150   01 40.6 N   110 20.2 W   15 Apr 94 
   151   02 00.0 N   110 20.1 W   15 Apr 94 
   152   02 20.0 N   110 20.0 W   15 Apr 94 
   153   02 40.0 N   110 20.0 W   15 Apr 94 
   154   03 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   15 Apr 94 
   155   03 30.0 N   110 20.0 W   16 Apr 94 
   156   04 00.1 N   110 20.1 W   16 Apr 94 
   157   04 30.0 N   110 20.0 W   16 Apr 94 
   158   04 59.7 N   110 20.1 W   17 Apr 94 
   159   05 30.0 N   110 20.1 W   17 Apr 94 
   160   06 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   17 Apr 94 
   161   06 29.9 N   110 20.0 W   17 Apr 94 
   162   07 00.0 N   110 20.4 W   18 Apr 94 
   163   07 29.9 N   110 20.1 W   18 Apr 94 
   164   07 59.9 N   110 20.2 W   18 Apr 94 
   165   08 30.1 N   110 15.1 W   18 Apr 94 
   166   09 00.1 N   110 10.0 W   19 Apr 94 
   167   09 30.1 N   110 05.2 W   19 Apr 94 
   168   10 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   19 Apr 94 
   169   10 40.0 N   109 60.0 W   20 Apr 94 
   170   11 20.0 N   110 00.0 W   20 Apr 94 
   171   12 00.1 N   110 00.0 W   20 Apr 94 
   172   12 40.0 N   110 00.0 W   20 Apr 94 
   173   13 20.0 N   109 59.7 W   21 Apr 94 
   174   14 00.1 N   109 59.9 W   21 Apr 94 
   175   14 29.9 N   109 59.9 W   21 Apr 94 
   176   15 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   21 Apr 94 
   177   15 29.9 N   109 59.7 W   22 Apr 94 
   178   16 00.1 N   110 00.0 W   22 Apr 94 
   179   16 30.0 N   110 00.1 W   22 Apr 94 
   180   17 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   22 Apr 94 
   181   17 30.1 N   109 59.8 W   23 Apr 94 
   182   17 59.9 N   110 00.0 W   23 Apr 94 
   183   18 30.0 N   110 00.0 W   23 Apr 94 
   184   19 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   23 Apr 94 
   185   19 30.0 N   109 59.9 W   24 Apr 94 
   186   20 00.1 N   109 59.9 W   24 Apr 94 
   187   20 29.9 N   110 00.0 W   24 Apr 94 
   188   21 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   24 Apr 94 
   189   21 29.9 N   110 00.1 W   24 Apr 94 
   190   21 59.9 N   110 00.0 W   25 Apr 94 
   191   22 29.8 N   109 59.7 W   25 Apr 94 
   192   22 43.9 N   110 00.4 W   25 Apr 94 
   193   22 47.9 N   110 00.3 W   25 Apr 94 
   194   22 51.1 N   109 59.9 W   25 Apr 94         



APPENDIX 2. ALACE Float Deployment Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format)

31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022494 0756   DE 55 50.17 S  80 22.34 W GPS
31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022494 1636   DE 56 39.64 S  81 46.87 W GPS
31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022494 2130   DE 57 30.02 S  83 17.12 W GPS
31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022594 0228   DE 58 19.87 S  84 45.79 W GPS
31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022594 0725   DE 59 09.26 S  86 18.96 W GPS
31DICG94/2                 1  FLT 022594 1210   DE 59 59.90 S  87 51.50 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 030894 1025   DE 55 10.40 S 103 01.09 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 031094 2028   DE 49 49.28 S 103 00.10 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 031394 0637   DE 44 58.99 S 103 00.25 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 031594 0117   DE 40 00.99 S 103 00.55 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 031894 1200   DE 35 00.40 S 103 00.74 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18             1  FLT 032094 0739   DE 30 00.15 S 103 01.53 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 032994 1341   DE 25 00.24 S 103 00.05 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 033194 2011   DE 20 29.51 S 102 59.98 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 040494 0005   DE 14 59.70 S 103 00.01 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 040694 1917   DE  9 59.76 S 103 00.70 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 040994 1441   DE  6 09.09 S 108 38.61 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041094 2307   DE  3 59.28 S 110 19.78 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041294 1838   DE  1 20.27 S 110 19.94 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041494 1443   DE  1 00.38 N 110 19.96 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041694 1431   DE  3 59.69 N 110 19.93 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041794 1731   DE  5 59.90 N 110 20.30 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 041994 1956   DE 10 00.78 S 110 00.19 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 042194 1819   DE 14 29.77 S 110 00.03 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18             1  FLT 042394 2246   DE 18 59.93 S 109 59.80 W GPS

APPENDIX 3. XCTD deployments Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format)

31DICG94/1                   XCTD 012994 0355   DE 44 12.97 N 129 37.08 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18               XCTD 030294 1916   DE 62 27.85 S 102 58.45 W GPS 
31DICG94/2 P18               XCTD 030394 0941   DE 61 25.90 S 102 58.90 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18               XCTD 031094 0556   DE 51 09.50 S 103 00.60 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041494 1540   DE  1 10.01 N 110 19.87 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041494 2208   DE  1 30.10 N 110 19.60 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041594 0340   DE  1 50.30 N 110 19.70 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041594 0933   DE  2 10.10 N 110 20.00 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041594 1455   DE  2 30.00 N 110 19.80 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041594 2116   DE  2 50.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041694 0250   DE  3 15.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041694 0942   DE  3 45.00 N 110 19.40 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041694 1546   DE  4 15.00 N 110 19.80 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041694 2313   DE  4 45.00 N 110 20.00 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041794 0536   DE  5 16.28 N 110 19.77 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041794 1227   DE  5 45.00 N 110 20.00 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041794 1845   DE  6 15.03 N 110 20.46 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041894 0038   DE  6 45.00 N 110 20.60 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041894 0659   DE  7 15.00 N 110 20.61 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041894 1307   DE  7 45.00 N 110 19.90 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041894 2011   DE  8 15.00 N 110 17.74 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041894 0159   DE  8 45.10 N 110 12.50 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18               XCTD 041994 0822   DE  9 15.00 N 110 07.60 W GPS 


APPENDIX 4. Productivity and Shallow Biological Cast Locations on P18 (CGC94) (in .sum format)
 
31DICG94/2          8      2  BIO 022394 1824   EN 53 23.88 S  76 21.54 W GPS                               
31DICG94/2          9      1  BIO 022594 1910   BE 61 12.44 S  90 11.49 W GPS
31DICG94/2          9      1  BIO 022594 1913   BO 61 12.52 S  90 11.45 W GPS
31DICG94/2          9      1  BIO 022594 1916   EN 61 12.52 S  90 11.45 W GPS
31DICG94/2          9      2  BIO 022594 1920   BE 61 12.55 S  90 11.43 W GPS
31DICG94/2          9      2  BIO 022594 1932   BO 61 12.71 S  90 11.29 W GPS
31DICG94/2          9      2  BIO 022594 1940   EN 61 12.83 S  90 10.93 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      1  BIO 022794 1407   BE 67 00.02 S 102 59.46 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      1  BIO 022794 1416   BO 67 00.01 S 102 59.21 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      1  BIO 022794 1420   EN 66 59.98 S 102 59.13 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      2  BIO 022794 1424   BE 67 00.00 S 102 59.00 W GPS SECHI?
31DICG94/2 P18     10      2  BIO 022794 1429   MR 67 00.01 S 102 59.00 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      2  BIO 022794 1442   MR 67 00.06 S 102 59.01 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     10      2  BIO 022794 1451   EN 67 00.11 S 102 59.00 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     13      2  BIO 022894 1819   BE 65 30.27 S 102 59.91 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     13      2  BIO 022894 1859   BO 65 31.33 S 102 59.27 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     13      2  BIO 022894 1914   EN 65 31.38 S 102 59.28 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     14      2  BIO 030194 0223   BE 65 00.24 S 103 00.39 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     14      2  BIO 030194 0235   EN 65 00.39 S 103 00.56 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      2  BIO 030194 1710   BE 63 57.71 S 103 02.14 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      2  BIO 030194 1716   BO 63 57.71 S 103 02.15 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      2  BIO 030194 1719   EN 63 57.67 S 103 02.29 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      3  BIO 030194 1735   BE 63 57.39 S 103 02.35 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      3  BIO 030194 1747   BO 63 57.19 S 103 02.78 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     16      3  BIO 030194 1753   EN 63 57.17 S 103 02.67 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     19      2  BIO 030294 1822   BE 62 29.22 S 102 59.05 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     19      2  BIO 030294 1829   BO 62 29.23 S 102 58.99 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     19      2  BIO 030294 1858   EN 62 29.88 S 102 58.88 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      1  BIO 030394 1843   BE 60 29.57 S 103 00.22 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      1  BIO 030394 1850   BO 60 29.65 S 102 59.92 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      1  BIO 030394 1853   EN 60 29.70 S 102 59.86 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      2  BIO 030394 1859   BE 60 29.78 S 102 59.60 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      2  BIO 030394 1912   BO 60 29.96 S 102 59.21 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     23      2  BIO 030394 1920   EN 60 30.07 S 102 58.96 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     26      1  BIO 030494 1732   BE 58 59.20 S 102 59.95 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     26      1  BIO 030494 1747   BO 58 59.30 S 102 59.60 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     26      1  BIO 030494 1800   EN 58 59.40 S 102 59.20 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     27      2  BIO 030594 1546   BE 58 30.45 S 102 59.03 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     27      2  BIO 030594 1555   EN 58 30.36 S 102 59.89 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     27      3  BIO 030594 1604   BE 58 30.31 S 102 58.63 W GPS SECHI
31DICG94/2 P18     27      3  BIO 030594 1635   EN 58 29.91 S 102 57.86 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     28      2  BIO 030694 0033   BE 57 50.93 S 103 02.65 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     28      2  BIO 030694 0038   MR 57 50.91 S 103 02.72 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     28      2  BIO 030694 0044   EN 57 50.82 S 103 03.04 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     33      1  BIO 030894 1401   BE 54 29.63 S 102 59.47 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     33      1  BIO 030894 1426   EN 54 29.68 S 102 58.81 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     33      3  BIO 030894 1840   BE 54 29.97 S 102 59.97 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     33      3  BIO 030894 1843   BO 54 29.97 S 102 59.95 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     33      3  BIO 030894 1847   EN 54 29.92 S 102 59.93 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     36      2  BIO 030994 1516   BE 52 29.86 S 103 00.49 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     36      2  BIO 030994 1529   BO 52 29.90 S 103 00.23 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     36      2  BIO 030994 1540   EN 52 29.95 S 103 00.15 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     37      1  BIO 030994 1827   BE 51 49.63 S 102 59.38 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     37      1  BIO 030994 1838   BO 51 49.51 S 102 59.19 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     37      1  BIO 030994 1842   EN 51 49.49 S 102 59.14 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     38      1  BIO 031094 0047   BE 51 10.24 S 102 59.55 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     38      1  BIO 031094 0055   EN 51 10.24 S 102 59.46 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     40      1  BIO 031094 1537   BE 49 50.03 S 102 59.90 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     40      1  BIO 031094 1545   EN 49 50.05 S 102 59.87 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     40      2  BIO 031094 1605   BE 49 50.14 S 102 59.75 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     40      2  BIO 031094 1620   BO 49 50.20 S 102 59.71 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     40      2  BIO 031094 1629   EN 49 50.21 S 102 59.70 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     43      2  BIO 031194 1530   BE 47 59.82 S 103 00.90 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     43      2  BIO 031194 1538   EN 47 59.84 S 103 01.04 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     43      3  BIO 031194 1544   BE 47 59.88 S 103 01.15 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     43      3  BIO 031194 1601   EN 48 00.02 S 103 01.37 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     47      2  BIO 031294 1516   BE 45 59.26 S 102 59.38 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     47      2  BIO 031294 1537   EN 45 59.26 S 102 59.69 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      1  BIO 031394 1521   BE 44 00.30 S 102 59.82 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      1  BIO 031394 1529   EN 44 00.23 S 102 59.85 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      2  BIO 031394 1533   BE 44 00.22 S 102 59.86 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      2  BIO 031394 1615   EN 44 00.19 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      4  BIO 031394 1925   BE 43 57.49 S 102 59.78 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      4  BIO 031394 1937   BO 43 57.40 S 102 59.95 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     51      4  BIO 031394 1949   EN 43 57.31 S 103 00.14 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     55      1  BIO 031494 1609   BE 42 00.18 S 103 00.09 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     55      1  BIO 031494 1616   EN 42 00.15 S 103 00.16 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     55      2  BIO 031494 1621   BE 42 00.12 S 103 00.21 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     55      2  BIO 031494 1648   EN 42 00.12 S 103 00.52 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     56      1  BIO 031494 2359   BE 41 30.78 S 103 00.02 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     56      1  BIO 031594 0007   BO 41 30.86 S 103 00.03 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     56      1  BIO 031594 0014   EN 41 30.90 S 103 00.08 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     58      1  BIO 031594 1553   BE 40 30.07 S 103 00.05 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     58      1  BIO 031594 1602   EN 40 30.15 S 103 00.05 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     58      2  BIO 031594 1609   BE 40 30.20 S 103 00.00 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     58      2  BIO 031594 1639   EN 40 30.38 S 102 59.61 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     62      1  BIO 031694 1505   BE 38 29.99 S 102 59.95 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     62      1  BIO 031694 1524   EN 38 30.15 S 102 59.96 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     62      2  BIO 031694 1534   BE 38 30.19 S 102 59.97 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     62      2  BIO 031694 1557   EN 38 30.44 S 102 59.89 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     66      1  BIO 031794 1538   BE 36 29.92 S 102 59.74 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     66      1  BIO 031794 1558   EN 36 29.97 S 102 59.73 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      2  BIO 031794 1742   BE 34 30.25 S 102 59.01 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      2  BIO 031894 1745   BO 34 30.30 S 102 59.10 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      2  BIO 031794 1749   EN 34 30.33 S 102 59.05 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      3  BIO 031794 1757   BE 34 30.33 S 102 59.02 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      3  BIO 031894 1814   BO 34 30.33 S 102 59.02 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     70      3  BIO 031794 1824   EN 34 30.46 S 102 58.94 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     74      2  BIO 031994 1607   BE 32 30.10 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     74      2  BIO 031994 1615   EN 32 30.09 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     74      3  BIO 031994 1622   BE 32 30.11 S 103 00.19 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     74      3  BIO 031994 1650   EN 32 30.05 S 103 00.09 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     78      2  BIO 032094 1546   BE 30 29.17 S 103 00.39 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     78      2  BIO 032094 1618   EN 30 29.15 S 103 00.60 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     81      1  BIO 032194 1604   BE 28 59.98 S 102 59.80 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     81      1  BIO 032194 1612   EN 28 59.92 S 102 59.83 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     81      2  BIO 032194 1618   BE 28 59.82 S 102 59.83 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     81      2  BIO 032194 1652   EN 28 59.58 S 102 59.91 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     84      2  BIO 032294 1610   BE 27 30.04 S 103 03.67 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     84      2  BIO 032294 1623   EN 27 29.87 S 103 03.85 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     84      3  BIO 032294 1631   BE 27 29.81 S 103 03.91 W GPS
31DICG94/2 P18     84      3  BIO 032294 1709   EN 27 29.38 S 103 04.32 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     90      1  BIO 032994 1557   BE 24 29.72 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     90      1  BIO 032994 1607   EN 24 29.64 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     90      2  BIO 032994 1612   BE 24 29.59 S 103 00.17 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     90      2  BIO 032994 1643   EN 24 29.29 S 103 00.23 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     94      1  BIO 033094 1507   BE 22 29.92 S 103 00.08 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     94      1  BIO 033094 1516   EN 22 29.89 S 103 00.11 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     94      2  BIO 033094 1519   BE 22 29.88 S 103 00.12 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     94      2  BIO 033094 1546   EN 22 29.74 S 103 00.14 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     98      1  BIO 033194 1548   BE 20 30.19 S 102 59.04 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     98      1  BIO 033194 1551   EN 20 30.16 S 102 59.04 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     98      2  BIO 033194 1615   BE 20 30.17 S 102 59.02 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18     98      2  BIO 033194 1625   EN 20 30.10 S 102 58.92 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    101      1  BIO 040194 1827   BE 18 53.70 S 103 08.66 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    101      1  BIO 040194 1836   EN 18 53.68 S 103 08.64 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    101      2  BIO 040194 1843   BE 18 53.65 S 103 08.63 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    101      2  BIO 040194 1919   EN 18 53.68 S 103 08.50 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    104      2  BIO 040294 1729   BE 17 29.78 S 103 00.15 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    104      2  BIO 040294 1758   EN 17 29.74 S 103 00.11 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    104      3  BIO 040294 1805   BE 17 29.82 S 103 00.13 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    104      3  BIO 040294 1813   EN 17 29.84 S 103 00.17 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    108      2  BIO 040394 1743   BE 15 30.03 S 102 59.89 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    108      2  BIO 040394 1812   EN 15 30.02 S 102 59.83 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    112      2  BIO 040494 1838   BE 13 30.19 S 103 00.50 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    112      2  BIO 040494 1849   EN 13 30.14 S 103 00.61 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    112      3  BIO 040494 1853   BE 13 30.08 S 103 00.72 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    112      3  BIO 040494 1919   EN 13 29.86 S 103 01.19 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    115      2  BIO 040594 1618   BE 11 59.79 S 103 00.38 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    115      2  BIO 040594 1624   EN 11 59.80 S 103 00.44 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    115      3  BIO 040594 1627   BE 11 59.78 S 103 00.48 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    115      3  BIO 040594 1650   EN 11 59.80 S 103 00.66 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    119      2  BIO 040694 1836   BE  9 59.94 S 103 00.21 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    119      2  BIO 040694 1848   EN  9 59.94 S 103 00.27 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    119      3  BIO 040694 1852   BE  9 59.95 S 103 00.32 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    119      3  BIO 040694 1915   EN  9 59.83 S 103 00.61 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    122      2  BIO 040794 1729   BE  8 51.63 S 104 41.64 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    122      2  BIO 040794 1747   EN  8 51.49 S 104 41.67 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    123      1  BIO 040794 2048   BE  8 27.66 S 105 15.50 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    123      1  BIO 040794 2056   EN  8 27.69 S 105 15.55 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    126      1  BIO 040894 1530   BE  7 18.64 S 106 56.98 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    126      1  BIO 040894 1600   EN  7 18.75 S 106 57.36 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    130      1  BIO 040994 1735   BE  5 46.32 S 109 12.38 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    130      1  BIO 040994 1745   EN  5 46.38 S 109 12.41 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    130      2  BIO 040994 1749   BE  5 46.42 S 109 12.45 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    130      2  BIO 040994 1817   EN  5 46.54 S 109 12.66 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    133      2  BIO 041094 1649   BE  4 29.53 S 110 20.25 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    133      2  BIO 041094 1659   EN  4 29.42 S 110 20.19 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    133      3  BIO 041094 1708   BE  4 29.40 S 110 20.20 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    133      3  BIO 041094 1726   EN  4 28.90 S 110 20.29 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    137      2  BIO 041194 1556   BE  2 39.92 S 110 19.57 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    137      2  BIO 041194 1603   EN  2 39.91 S 110 19.58 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    137      3  BIO 041194 1607   BE  2 39.90 S 110 19.62 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    137      3  BIO 041194 1628   EN  2 39.78 S 110 10.60 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    141      2  BIO 041294 1752   BE  1 20.12 S 110 19.94 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    141      2  BIO 041294 1800   EN  1 20.16 S 110 19.95 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    141      3  BIO 041294 1804   BE  1 20.82 S 110 19.86 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    141      3  BIO 041294 1833   EN  1 20.24 S 110 19.87 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    145      1  BIO 041394 1730   BE  0 00.08 S 110 19.93 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    145      1  BIO 041394 1737   EN  0 00.18 S 110 19.93 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    145      2  BIO 041394 1742   BE  0 00.20 S 110 19.97 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    145      2  BIO 041394 1802   EN  0 00.34 S 110 19.91 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    149      1  BIO 041494 1635   BE  1 20.01 N 110 20.05 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    149      1  BIO 041494 1657   EN  1 19.98 N 110 19.97 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    153      1  BIO 041594 1552   BE  2 40.10 N 110 20.13 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    153      1  BIO 041594 1600   EN  2 40.16 N 110 20.27 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    153      2  BIO 041594 1605   BE  2 40.20 N 110 20.34 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    153      2  BIO 041594 1626   EN  2 40.35 N 110 20.59 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    157      1  BIO 041694 1705   BE  4 30.14 N 110 20.16 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    157      1  BIO 041694 1711   EN  4 30.11 N 110 20.14 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    157      2  BIO 041694 1715   BE  4 30.08 N 110 20.13 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    157      2  BIO 041694 1740   EN  4 30.10 N 110 20.29 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    160      2  BIO 041794 1656   BE  5 59.96 N 110 20.09 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    160      2  BIO 041794 1703   EN  5 59.94 N 110 20.16 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    160      3  BIO 041794 1706   BE  5 59.91 N 110 20.19 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    160      3  BIO 041794 1728   EN  5 59.90 N 110 20.29 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    164      2  BIO 041894 1829   BE  8 00.37 N 110 20.18 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    164      2  BIO 041894 1833   EN  8 00.46 N 110 20.31 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    164      3  BIO 041894 1842   BE  8 00.50 N 110 20.34 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    164      3  BIO 041894 1906   EN  8 00.89 N 110 20.76 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    168      1  BIO 041994 1545   BE 10 00.04 N 110 00.07 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    168      1  BIO 041994 1552   EN 10 00.04 N 110 00.16 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    168      2  BIO 041994 1555   BE 10 00.04 N 110 00.19 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    168      2  BIO 041994 1616   EN 10 00.09 N 110 00.37 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    172      1  BIO 042094 1718   BE 12 40.11 N 109 59.98 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    172      1  BIO 042094 1724   EN 12 40.13 N 109 59.99 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    172      2  BIO 042094 1728   BE 12 40.13 N 110 00.00 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    172      2  BIO 042094 1754   EN 12 40.36 N 109 59.91 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    175      2  BIO 042194 1743   BE 14 29.81 N 110 00.10 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    175      2  BIO 042194 1751   EN 14 29.74 N 110 00.09 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    175      3  BIO 042194 1754   BE 14 29.69 N 110 00.09 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    175      3  BIO 042194 1814   EN 14 29.67 N 110 00.05 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    179      2  BIO 042294 1736   BE 16 29.87 N 109 59.93 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    179      2  BIO 042294 1738   EN 16 29.81 N 109 59.90 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    179      3  BIO 042294 1741   BE 16 29.79 N 109 59.91 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    179      3  BIO 042294 1800   EN 16 29.64 N 109 59.93 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    183      2  BIO 042394 1627   BE 18 29.98 N 109 59.99 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    183      2  BIO 042394 1636   EN 18 29.89 N 109 59.99 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    183      3  BIO 042394 1640   BE 18 29.87 N 109 59.99 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    183      3  BIO 042394 1701   EN 18 29.74 N 109 59.98 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    188      1  BIO 042494 1644   BE 20 59.85 N 109 59.94 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    188      1  BIO 042494 1653   EN 20 59.78 N 109 59.96 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    188      2  BIO 042494 1656   BE 20 59.76 N 110 00.01 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    188      2  BIO 042494 1728   EN 20 59.52 N 110 00.17 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    192      2  BIO 042594 1602   BE 22 44.24 N 110 00.22 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    192      2  BIO 042594 1607   EN 22 44.17 N 110 00.29 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    192      3  BIO 042594 1610   BE 22 44.09 N 110 00.29 W GPS
31DICG94/3 P18    192      3  BIO 042594 1627   EN 22 43.80 N 110 00.51 W GPS


APPENDIX 5a. :  CFC-11 and CFC-12 Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94) 
(Following discussion provided by J. Bullister, PMEL)
 
CFC Sampling Procedures and Data Processing
 
     CFCs were usually the first water sample collected from the 10 liter
bottles.  Care was taken to co-ordinate the sampling of CFCs with other
gas samples to minimize the time between the inital opening of each
bottle and the completion of sample drawing.  In most cases, helium,
tritium, dissolved oxygen, total CO2, alkalinity and pH samples were
collected within several minutes of the initial opening of each bottle.
CFC samples were collected in 100 ml precision glass syringes, and held
immersed in a water bath until processing.

     The CFC analytical system functioned well during this
expedition.  The CFC system was installed in a specially designed
laboratory van located on deck, and was isolated from possible
contamination from high levels of CFCs which are sometimes present in
air inside ship laboratories.  Concentration of CFCs in air inside this
van were usually close to those of clean marine air.

     Concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air samples, seawater and gas
standards on the cruise were measured by shipboard electron capture gas
chromatography, according to the methods described by Bullister and
Weiss (1988).  The concentrations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in air, seawater
samples and gas standards are reported relative to the SIO 1986
calibration scale.  CFC concentrations in air and standard gas are
reported in units of mole fraction CFC in dry gas, and are typically in
parts-per-trillion (ppt) range.  Dissolved CFC concentrations are given
in unit of picomole CFC per kg seawater (pmol/kg). CFC concentrations
in air and seawater samples were determined by fitting their
chromatographic peak areas to multi-point calibration curves, generated
by injecting known volumes of gas from a CFC working standard (PMEL
cylinder 71489) into the analytical instrument.  This concentrations
of CFC-11 and CFC-12 in this working standard were calibrated versus a
primary CFC standard (CC36743) before and after the cruise.  No
measurable drift in the working standard could be detected during this
interval. Full range calibration curves were run at 1 to 2 day
intervals.  Single injections of a fixed volume of standard gas were
run much more frequently (at intervals of 1 to 2 hours) to monitor
short term changes in detector sensitivity.  The estimated
reproducibility of the calibrations is about 1.3% for CFC-11 and 0.5%
for CFC-12.   We estimate a precision (1 standard deviation) for
dissolved CFC measurements of about 1%, or 0.005 pmol/kg, whichever is
greater (see listing of replicate samples).

    Sample loops filled with CFC-free gas, and syringe samples of CFC-free
water (degassed in a specially designed glass chamber) were run to
check sampling and analytical blanks.   CFC-11 and CFC-12 were present
throughout the water column south of about 50oS (see Figs. 7 and 8).
CFC concentrations measured in deep samples (>2000 m) along the section
north of 40oS were typically in the range of 0 to 0.010 pmol/kg, near
the detection limit of the analytical system (~0.004 pmol/kg).
Previous studies (Wisegarver et al, et al 1993) of time-dependent
tracers in this region of the Pacific indicate that waters at densities
sigma0>27.4 should have CFC concentrations near zero at present.  We
attribute the low level CFC signal present in some deep samples along
the northern end of the section to the slow release of CFC from the
walls and O-rings of the 10 liter bottles into the seawater sample
during storage, and to contamination during the transfer and storage of
the seawater samples in glass syringes prior to analysis. Based on the
median concentrations observed in deep water samples along northern end
of the section, small blank corrections have been applied to the data.
A CFC-11 blank correction of 0.0086 pmol/kg has been applied
to the CFC-11 data on Leg 2 (Sta 8-87) and 0.0048 pmol/kg for Leg 3
(Sta 88-194).  A CFC-12 blank correction of 0.0025 pmol/kg has been applied
to the CFC-12 data on Leg 2 (Sta 9-87) and 0.0024 for Leg 3 (Sta
89-194).  As a result of these blank corrections, some concentrations
reported for deep samples may be small negative numbers.
   
     A small number of water samples (less than 2%) had anomously high 
CFC-11 and/or CFC-12 concentrations relative to adjacent samples.  These 
high values appeared to occur more or less randomly, and were not clearly
associated with other features in the water column (eg. elevated oxygen
concentrations, salinity features, etc).  In most cases, only one of
the 2 CFCs measured showed these anomolously high levels.  This
suggests that the high values were due to analytical variability or
isolated low-level contamination events. These samples are included in
this report and are flagged as either 3 (questionable) or 4 (bad)
measurements.  Approximately 42 analyses of CFC-11 were assigned a flag
of 3 and 125 CFC-11 samples assigned a flag of 4.  Approximately 16
analyses of CFC-12 were assigned a flag of 3 and  47 CFC-12 samples
assigned a flag of 4.

    A number of samples were analysed for CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride
during the cruise.  Because of calibration standard uncertainties and
analytical problems, the processing of these data have not yet been
finalized.  These samples are flagged as "5" (not reported).  Those
interested in these data should contact the John Bullister for updates
on the status of the CFC-113 and carbon tetrachloride data processing.
  
References:
 
Bullister, J.L. and R.F. Weiss,  Determination of CCl3F and CCl2F2 in
  seawater and air. Deep-Sea Research, 35 (5), 839-853, 1988.
 
Wisegarver, D.P., J.L. Bullister, R.H. Gammon, F.A. Menzia, and K.C.
  Kelly (1993):  NOAA chlorofluorocarbon tracer program air and seawater 
  measurements: 1986-1989.  NOAA Data Report ERL PMEL-43.

APPENDIX 5b. CFC Air Measurements on P18 (CGC94) 
 
Leg 2
             Time                             F11     F12  
   Date     (hhmm)   Latitude    Longitude    PPT     PPT  
24 Feb 94    0912   55 18.3 S   079 29.3 W   267.6   494.4 
24 Feb 94    0923   55 18.3 S   079 29.3 W   267.1   493.1 
24 Feb 94    0933   55 18.3 S   079 29.3 W   267.9   493.0 
25 Feb 94    0913   59 27.4 S   086 51.7 W   266.1   498.7 
25 Feb 94    0923   59 27.4 S   086 51.7 W   266.4   497.4 
25 Feb 94    0933   59 27.4 S   086 51.7 W   265.9   499.7 
25 Feb 94    0944   59 27.4 S   086 51.7 W   266.6   499.0 
26 Feb 94    0355   67 00.0 S   095 00.0 W   265.7   498.5 
26 Feb 94    0405   67 00.0 S   095 00.0 W   266.8   500.3 
26 Feb 94    0415   67 00.0 S   095 00.0 W   265.4   499.2 
26 Feb 94    0425   67 00.0 S   095 00.0 W   266.0   498.5 
27 Feb 94    1743   66 59.7 S   103 00.0 W   265.8   497.4 
27 Feb 94    1807   66 59.7 S   103 00.0 W   265.3   495.3 
27 Feb 94    1819   66 59.7 S   103 00.0 W   265.3   494.6 
27 Feb 94    1839   66 59.7 S   103 00.0 W   265.8   494.1 
28 Feb 94    0902   66 00.1 S   102 59.9 W   265.6   497.3 
28 Feb 94    0912   66 00.1 S   102 59.9 W   266.1   499.4 
28 Feb 94    0922   66 00.1 S   102 59.9 W   265.9   497.2 
28 Feb 94    0932   66 00.1 S   102 59.9 W   266.0   498.8 
 1 Mar 94    1611   63 58.4 S   103 00.3 W   265.9   498.8 
 1 Mar 94    1621   63 58.4 S   103 00.3 W   265.8   497.0 
 1 Mar 94    1632   63 58.4 S   103 00.3 W   264.9   497.7 
 3 Mar 94    0844   61 26.7 S   102 59.3 W   265.8    -9.0 
 3 Mar 94    0854   61 26.7 S   102 59.3 W   266.4   505.7 
 3 Mar 94    0906   61 26.7 S   102 59.3 W   269.6   508.5 
 3 Mar 94    0944   61 26.7 S   102 59.3 W   266.5    -9.0 
 4 Mar 94    0742   60 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.9   505.4 
 4 Mar 94    0752   60 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.2   501.5 
 4 Mar 94    0802   60 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.8   512.7 
 4 Mar 94    0812   60 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.8   510.1 
 6 Mar 94    1904   56 31.2 S   103 09.8 W   266.3   498.3 
 6 Mar 94    1916   56 31.2 S   103 09.8 W   266.6   499.0 
 6 Mar 94    1926   56 31.2 S   103 09.8 W   267.4   498.5 
 6 Mar 94    1938   56 31.2 S   103 09.8 W   265.7   496.7 
 8 Mar 94    0314   55 40.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.3   495.8 
 8 Mar 94    0324   55 40.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.9   495.8 
 8 Mar 94    0334   55 40.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.8   496.6 
 8 Mar 94    0344   55 40.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.9   497.0 
10 Mar 94    0252   51 09.9 S   102 59.9 W   267.2   498.0 
10 Mar 94    0305   51 09.9 S   102 59.9 W   267.1   498.5 
10 Mar 94    0315   51 09.9 S   102 59.9 W   266.9   494.5 
12 Mar 94    0443   47 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.6   499.3 
12 Mar 94    0453   47 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.2   500.2 
12 Mar 94    0503   47 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.0   499.5 
12 Mar 94    0513   47 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   265.9   500.3 
14 Mar 94    0816   43 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.4   501.8 
14 Mar 94    0826   43 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.7   500.9 
14 Mar 94    0836   43 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.2   498.2 
14 Mar 94    0846   43 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.1   495.6 
18 Mar 94    1155   35 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.4   496.5 
18 Mar 94    1206   35 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   265.5   497.4 
18 Mar 94    1217   35 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   265.6   498.1 
18 Mar 94    1228   35 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   265.4   499.7 
20 Mar 94    0337   31 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.6   500.2 
20 Mar 94    0347   31 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.2   497.5 
20 Mar 94    0357   31 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.0   499.0 
20 Mar 94    0407   31 30.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.1   499.3 
21 Mar 94    2234   28 47.4 S   103 01.3 W   268.6   499.5 
21 Mar 94    2244   28 47.4 S   103 01.3 W   267.4   499.4 
21 Mar 94    2258   28 47.4 S   103 01.3 W   267.0   500.8 
23 Mar 94    2308   26 47.8 S   106 13.2 W   268.0   500.8 
23 Mar 94    2319   26 47.8 S   106 13.2 W   267.1   500.2 
23 Mar 94    2333   26 47.8 S   106 13.2 W   267.9   501.6 
 
Leg 3
             Time                             F11     F12  
   Date     (hhmm)   Latitude    Longitude    PPT     PPT  
29 Mar 94    1415   25 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.2   500.7 
29 Mar 94    1426   25 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.2   500.4 
29 Mar 94    1437   25 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.4   499.5 
29 Mar 94    1448   25 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   265.9   501.0 
30 Mar 94    1329   23 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.3   490.7 
30 Mar 94    1339   23 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.4   494.9 
30 Mar 94    1349   23 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   268.7   490.9 
30 Mar 94    1359   23 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.2   496.2 
31 Mar 94    1345   21 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.6   494.8 
31 Mar 94    1355   21 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   269.2   494.5 
31 Mar 94    1405   21 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   267.6   493.0 
31 Mar 94    1415   21 00.0 S   103 00.0 W   266.9   492.8 
 2 Apr 94    0226   18 29.8 S   103 00.1 W   267.9   502.7 
 2 Apr 94    0237   18 29.8 S   103 00.1 W   268.7   500.8 
 2 Apr 94    0248   18 29.8 S   103 00.1 W   267.7   501.1 
 3 Apr 94    0215   16 54.7 S   103 00.0 W   267.4   500.1 
 3 Apr 94    0225   16 54.7 S   103 00.0 W   268.0   503.5 
 3 Apr 94    0235   16 54.7 S   103 00.0 W   268.3   501.4 
 3 Apr 94    0245   16 54.7 S   103 00.0 W   267.7   501.9 
 4 Apr 94    0605   14 30.2 S   102 59.9 W   268.6   502.1 
 4 Apr 94    0616   14 30.2 S   102 59.9 W   269.4   504.9 
 4 Apr 94    0627   14 30.2 S   102 59.9 W   268.6   501.4 
 5 Apr 94    0610   12 30.1 S   103 00.0 W   268.0   500.8 
 5 Apr 94    0621   12 30.1 S   103 00.0 W   269.3   496.4 
 5 Apr 94    0632   12 30.1 S   103 00.0 W   268.5   494.5 
 6 Apr 94    0538   11 00.4 S   103 00.9 W   267.8    -9.0 
 6 Apr 94    0549   11 00.4 S   103 00.9 W   268.5   500.9 
 6 Apr 94    0600   11 00.4 S   103 00.9 W   268.5   502.7 
 7 Apr 94    0310   09 38.9 S   103 36.4 W   271.0    -9.0 
 7 Apr 94    0321   09 38.9 S   103 36.4 W   269.8    -9.0 
 7 Apr 94    0332   09 38.9 S   103 36.4 W   269.9   507.1 
 7 Apr 94    1729   08 51.7 S   104 41.8 W   269.7   500.4 
 7 Apr 94    1740   08 51.7 S   104 41.8 W   268.7   501.6 
 7 Apr 94    1751   08 51.7 S   104 41.8 W   269.3   505.5 
 8 Apr 94    1135   07 42.0 S   106 22.9 W   268.7   504.1 
 8 Apr 94    1146   07 42.0 S   106 22.9 W   268.8   501.5 
 8 Apr 94    1157   07 42.0 S   106 22.9 W   269.8   503.9 
 8 Apr 94    1208   07 42.0 S   106 22.9 W   270.2   503.4 
10 Apr 94    1608   04 30.0 S   110 00.0 W   267.4   508.5 
10 Apr 94    1619   04 30.0 S   110 00.0 W   270.5    -9.0 
10 Apr 94    1630   04 30.0 S   110 00.0 W   268.0    -9.0 
10 Apr 94    1641   04 30.0 S   110 00.0 W   267.8   504.3 
11 Apr 94    0654   03 00.0 S   110 20.0 W   268.0   503.6 
11 Apr 94    0705   03 00.0 S   110 20.0 W   267.5   504.3 
11 Apr 94    0716   03 00.0 S   110 20.0 W   267.3   505.8 
11 Apr 94    1619   02 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   270.4   507.3 
11 Apr 94    1630   02 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   270.1   508.1 
11 Apr 94    1641   02 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   271.1   505.1 
11 Apr 94    1652   02 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   269.5   509.7 
13 Apr 94    1008   00 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   270.9   510.5 
13 Apr 94    1019   00 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   270.4   509.6 
13 Apr 94    1030   00 40.0 S   110 20.0 W   270.9   511.6 
14 Apr 94    1013   00 20.0 N   110 20.0 W   270.1    -9.0 
14 Apr 94    1024   00 20.0 N   110 20.0 W   269.1   513.3 
16 Apr 94    0854   03 30.0 N   110 20.0 E   270.4   508.2 
16 Apr 94    0905   03 30.0 N   110 20.0 E   269.8   508.9 
16 Apr 94    0916   03 30.0 N   110 20.0 E   269.6   511.2 
17 Apr 94    0436   05 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   272.4   510.9 
17 Apr 94    0447   05 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   272.1   509.4 
17 Apr 94    0458   05 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   271.5   511.5 
19 Apr 94    1923   10 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   272.5   507.0 
19 Apr 94    1934   10 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   272.3   509.3 
19 Apr 94    1945   10 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   271.9   509.7 
19 Apr 94    1956   10 00.0 N   110 20.0 W   271.1   509.6 
22 Apr 94    0758   15 48.0 N   110 00.0 W   272.0   515.2 
22 Apr 94    0809   15 48.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.8   512.3 
22 Apr 94    0820   15 48.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.8   510.1 
23 Apr 94    0627   17 43.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.2   512.8 
23 Apr 94    0638   17 43.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.1   512.7 
23 Apr 94    0649   17 43.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.1   515.2 
24 Apr 94    0905   20 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   272.8   515.4 
24 Apr 94    0916   20 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   273.1   511.6 
24 Apr 94    0927   20 00.0 N   110 00.0 W   271.6   512.2 
26 Apr 94    1159   24 30.4 N   113 47.4 W   273.2   518.3 
26 Apr 94    1210   24 30.4 N   113 47.4 W   272.5   516.7 
26 Apr 94    1221   24 30.4 N   113 47.4 W   273.1   516.1 
26 Apr 94    1232   24 30.4 N   113 47.4 W   272.1   516.1 


APPENDIX 5c. Replicate CFC-11 measurements on P18 (CGC94)

STATION   SAMP      F11      F11  
 NUMBER    NO.     pM/kg    Stdev 
     8      313    0.064    0.022 
     8      319    0.118    0.008 
     8      323    0.113    0.009 
    10      304    0.092    0.004 
    10      307    0.059    0.003 
    10      313    0.050    0.003 
    10      334    6.985    0.049 
    12      101    0.102    0.001 
    12      107    0.068    0.005 
    12      132    7.129    0.038 
    14      101    0.140    0.009 
    14      113    0.048    0.008 
    16      135    5.907    0.134 
    20      101    0.133    0.002 
    22      101    0.085    0.007 
    22      106    0.051    0.004 
    22      111    0.039    0.000 
    22      132    5.479    0.014 
    24      101    0.077    0.000 
    24      107    0.086    0.005 
    24      134    4.894    0.014 
    27      110    0.193    0.007 
    28      104    0.061    0.008 
    28      106    0.054    0.009 
    28      130    4.391    0.150 
    33      203    0.032    0.025 
    33      206    0.017    0.001 
    33      212    0.135    0.002 
    33      218    2.064    0.003 
    33      223    3.948    0.010 
    33      226    4.091    0.008 
    33      229    4.282    0.013 
    35      119    2.717    0.023 
    36      101    0.000    0.001 
    36      107    0.005    0.007 
    37      225    4.110    0.127 
    40      301   -0.001    0.002 
    40      321    2.846    0.004 
    40      329    3.994    0.009 
    41      103   -0.000    0.010 
    42      103    0.006    0.003 
    42      127    3.815    0.034 
    42      132    4.320    0.298 
    44      103   -0.001    0.006 
    46      103   -0.000    0.003 
    46      123    3.132    0.035 
    47      111    0.031    0.003 
    47      116    0.927    0.029 
    47      123    3.193    0.077 
    47      127    3.678    0.093 
    53      103   -0.003    0.002 
    53      107   -0.000    0.001 
    53      135    3.333    0.019 
    55      313    0.022    0.001 
    55      317    0.657    0.007 
    55      325    3.096    0.011 
    55      331    4.067    0.019 
    59      103    0.003    0.004 
    59      109    0.001    0.006 
    59      111    0.006    0.002 
    59      113    0.005    0.002 
    59      119    1.569    0.001 
    59      128    3.140    0.029 
    59      134    3.504    0.055 
    61      112   -0.002    0.003 
    61      114    0.004    0.006 
    61      131    3.508    0.073 
    61      132    3.483    0.003 
    61      133    3.350    0.014 
    63      116    0.135    0.004 
    63      118    0.718    0.005 
    68      116    0.127    0.002 
    68      118    0.657    0.006 
    68      132    3.595    0.083 
    69      117    0.260    0.002 
    69      126    2.330    0.009 
    71      123    1.814    0.006 
    73      118    0.785    0.123 
    73      119    1.299    0.006 
    73      128    2.594    0.015 
    73      133    2.656    0.008 
    74      118    0.616    0.023 
    74      126    2.042    0.004 
    77      118    0.549    0.001 
    77      127    2.393    0.006 
    77      132    2.492    0.008 
    79      117    0.173    0.002 
    79      121    1.328    0.029 
    79      129    2.646    0.004 
    79      132    2.680    0.017 
    81      301   -0.000    0.001 
    81      320    0.925    0.010 
    81      322    1.731    0.004 
    81      325    2.278    0.017 
    81      330    2.717    0.052 
    81      332    2.539    0.018 
    82      124    2.309    0.026 
    83      118    0.142    0.015 
    83      126    2.524    0.096 
    83      127    2.538    0.012 
    83      132    2.404    0.000 
    84      126    2.478    0.017 
    84      130    2.443    0.013 
    85      118    0.346    0.002 
    85      120    0.973    0.013 
    85      122    1.138    0.003 
    85      125    2.018    0.005 
    85      131    2.392    0.002 
    87      119    0.285    0.002 
    88      106    0.002    0.000 
    88      119    0.075    0.009 
    88      131    2.330    0.000 
    89      119    0.038    0.003 
    89      126    2.058    0.005 
    90      321    0.902    0.001 
    91      120    0.096    0.000 
    91      127    2.295    0.012 
    92      122    0.480    0.000 
    93      115   -0.002    0.001 
    93      119    0.008    0.025 
    93      126    1.636    0.007 
    93      132    2.235    0.006 
    93      135    1.975    0.008 
    95      119    0.002    0.000 
    95      126    1.385    0.013 
    95      132    2.166    0.020 
    95      135    1.982    0.058 
    97      120    0.009    0.013 
    97      125    0.478    0.004 
    97      128    2.386    0.003 
    97      132    2.217    0.008 
    97      135    1.968    0.028 
    99      120    0.031    0.016 
    99      127    2.451    0.002 
    99      132    2.204    0.016 
   101      329    2.386    0.029 
   103      121    0.023    0.006 
   103      125    0.685    0.000 
   103      128    2.372    0.005 
   103      131    2.169    0.001 
   103      133    2.024    0.002 
   103      135    2.000    0.000 
   105      123    0.055    0.001 
   105      127    1.508    0.005 
   105      130    2.257    0.010 
   105      134    2.005    0.003 
   106      120   -0.000    0.001 
   106      132    2.017    0.021 
   107      121    0.013    0.005 
   107      123    0.071    0.007 
   107      128    2.372    0.012 
   107      131    2.190    0.004 
   109      128    1.436    0.005 
   109      131    2.204    0.012 
   110      121    0.002    0.002 
   112      123    0.010    0.003 
   112      126    0.059    0.000 
   112      131    2.141    0.005 
   113      122    0.001    0.001 
   113      126    0.133    0.000 
   113      131    2.188    0.069 
   113      135    1.891    0.004 
   114      129    0.924    0.007 
   114      131    2.334    0.003 
   115      123    0.008    0.009 
   115      131    2.330    0.004 
   116      123    0.035    0.005 
   116      126    0.139    0.004 
   116      132    2.288    0.008 
   117      123    0.004    0.001 
   117      127    0.069    0.002 
   117      135    1.805    0.008 
   118      129    0.295    0.004 
   119      127    0.063    0.000 
   119      129    0.595    0.003 
   119      132    2.215    0.011 
   120      126    0.100    0.003 
   120      131    2.206    0.084 
   121      129    1.382    0.001 
   121      133    2.007    0.013 
   122      125    0.127    0.006 
   122      128    0.281    0.001 
   122      132    2.204    0.010 
   125      115   -0.001    0.002 
   126      223    0.059    0.000 
   126      226    0.267    0.000 
   126      232    1.952    0.002 
   127      123    0.141    0.005 
   127      133    1.741    0.010 
   128      122    0.018    0.002 
   129      126    0.133    0.001 
   129      132    1.842    0.002 
   129      136    1.736    0.004 
   133      123    0.136    0.001 
   133      128    0.427    0.005 
   133      132    0.709    0.003 
   134      122    0.060    0.002 
   134      125    0.272    0.009 
   134      132    0.775    0.004 
   135      125    0.493    0.001 
   135      129    0.648    0.009 
   135      133    0.943    0.007 
   137      126    0.244    0.002 
   137      128    0.531    0.004 
   137      132    0.730    0.003 
   138      129    0.549    0.002 
   139      123    0.125    0.002 
   139      127    0.476    0.005 
   139      131    0.751    0.002 
   141      125    0.173    0.003 
   141      127    0.397    0.000 
   141      132    0.804    0.002 
   142      127    0.600    0.008 
   142      131    0.770    0.007 
   143      127    0.605    0.003 
   143      131    0.833    0.002 
   143      135    1.762    0.021 
   147      129    0.796    0.005 
   147      133    1.270    0.001 
   148      121    0.020    0.003 
   148      126    0.129    0.004 
   148      132    0.864    0.017 
   149      232    0.893    0.002 
   151      123    0.112    0.000 
   151      127    0.443    0.004 
   151      133    0.980    0.003 
   152      136    1.853    0.010 
   154      125    0.194    0.002 
   154      129    0.567    0.001 
   154      133    1.007    0.010 
   155      129    0.667    0.005 
   155      131    0.883    0.000 
   156      122    0.020    0.000 
   156      126    0.311    0.001 
   156      132    0.886    0.027 
   157      325    0.219    0.001 
   157      333    1.002    0.000 
   158      127    0.259    0.003 
   158      133    1.415    0.177 
   158      135    1.709    0.001 
   159      126    0.098    0.002 
   159      130    0.326    0.003 
   161      123    0.059    0.028 
   161      129    0.401    0.002 
   163      123    0.038    0.000 
   163      126    0.188    0.001 
   163      132    0.583    0.001 
   163      136    1.678    0.002 
   164      132    0.661    0.005 
   165      125    0.215    0.000 
   165      129    0.398    0.001 
   165      133    1.009    0.001 
   167      125    0.160    0.001 
   167      131    0.761    0.004 
   168      325    0.093    0.000 
   168      331    0.581    0.004 
   169      123    0.046    0.002 
   169      131    0.639    0.017 
   169      135    1.676    0.007 
   170      127    0.298    0.067 
   170      133    1.679    0.016 
   172      331    1.715    0.002 
   174      122    0.021    0.001 
   174      125    0.093    0.009 
   174      131    1.567    0.002 
   176      123    0.017    0.000 
   176      129    0.320    0.000 
   176      135    1.764    0.001 
   178      122    0.021    0.001 
   178      125    0.080    0.004 
   178      131    2.061    0.002 
   180      121    0.002    0.001 
   180      125    0.051    0.003 
   180      133    2.047    0.009 
   181      127    0.148    0.004 
   181      135    1.916    0.011 
   182      122    0.033    0.009 
   182      125    0.057    0.001 
   182      131    2.275    0.005 
   183      132    2.247    0.012 
   184      122    0.048    0.001 
   184      125    0.131    0.008 
   184      131    1.071    0.003 
   186      123    0.038    0.006 
   186      129    0.362    0.031 
   186      133    2.207    0.007 
   188      322    0.046    0.014 
   188      325    0.086    0.003 
   188      331    1.158    0.001 
   188      336    2.255    0.007 
   190      125    0.091    0.003 
   190      129    0.484    0.001 
   190      133    2.597    0.006 
   191      123    1.550    0.003 
   193      103    0.010    0.003 
   193      106    0.051    0.002 
   193      109    0.192    0.001 
   193      111    0.376    0.001 
   193      113    0.933    0.010 
   193      117    2.268    0.014 


APPENDIX 5d. Replicate CFC-12 measurements on P18 (CGC94)

STATION   SAMP      F12      F12  
 NUMBER    NO.     pM/kg    Stdev 
     8      311    0.014    0.001 
     8      313    0.016    0.002 
     8      319    0.056    0.010 
     8      323    0.052    0.005 
    10      301    0.058    0.001 
    10      304    0.038    0.007 
    10      307    0.026    0.002 
    10      313    0.021    0.001 
    10      334    3.071    0.007 
    12      101    0.053    0.002 
    12      107    0.022    0.002 
    12      113    0.013    0.003 
    12      115    0.030    0.013 
    12      119    0.057    0.001 
    12      125    0.132    0.002 
    12      127    0.282    0.000 
    12      129    0.706    0.008 
    12      132    3.133    0.028 
    14      101    0.063    0.003 
    14      106    0.030    0.002 
    14      113    0.016    0.001 
    14      118    0.048    0.000 
    16      103    0.042    0.008 
    16      118    0.056    0.000 
    16      135    2.712    0.016 
    20      101    0.059    0.001 
    22      101    0.040    0.004 
    22      106    0.025    0.003 
    22      111    0.016    0.002 
    22      132    2.479    0.000 
    24      101    0.034    0.005 
    24      128    1.966    0.010 
    24      134    2.278    0.017 
    27      110    0.077    0.003 
    28      101    0.030    0.003 
    28      104    0.025    0.006 
    28      106    0.020    0.001 
    28      118    0.157    0.001 
    28      127    1.382    0.018 
    28      130    2.135    0.009 
    28      135    2.199    0.139 
    33      201    0.012    0.005 
    33      203    0.013    0.010 
    33      206    0.005    0.002 
    33      212    0.060    0.000 
    33      218    0.933    0.005 
    33      223    1.891    0.020 
    33      229    2.065    0.007 
    35      119    1.227    0.028 
    36      101    0.001    0.001 
    36      107   -0.001    0.001 
    37      225    1.877    0.006 
    40      301    0.000    0.000 
    40      303   -0.001    0.000 
    40      321    1.308    0.007 
    40      329    1.909    0.010 
    41      103   -0.000    0.000 
    42      103    0.003    0.004 
    42      127    1.799    0.004 
    42      132    2.110    0.114 
    44      103   -0.002    0.001 
    46      103   -0.001    0.001 
    46      123    1.451    0.011 
    47      111    0.010    0.003 
    47      116    0.422    0.012 
    47      123    1.469    0.027 
    47      127    1.722    0.020 
    53      103    0.002    0.001 
    53      107    0.000    0.002 
    53      135    1.646    0.043 
    55      313    0.011    0.000 
    55      317    0.326    0.001 
    55      325    1.450    0.006 
    55      331    1.955    0.001 
    59      103   -0.001    0.001 
    59      109   -0.000    0.000 
    59      111   -0.000    0.002 
    59      113   -0.002    0.003 
    59      119    0.772    0.004 
    59      128    1.454    0.027 
    59      134    1.717    0.007 
    61      112   -0.002    0.001 
    61      114    0.004    0.006 
    61      131    1.697    0.015 
    61      132    1.712    0.020 
    61      133    1.667    0.023 
    63      116    0.079    0.003 
    63      118    0.360    0.003 
    68      116    0.073    0.002 
    68      118    0.331    0.001 
    68      132    1.720    0.107 
    69      117    0.142    0.001 
    69      126    1.077    0.005 
    71      123    0.829    0.001 
    73      118    0.390    0.053 
    73      119    0.628    0.014 
    73      128    1.254    0.006 
    73      133    1.371    0.004 
    74      118    0.310    0.001 
    74      126    0.954    0.002 
    77      118    0.312    0.043 
    77      127    1.153    0.006 
    77      132    1.283    0.003 
    79      117    0.099    0.005 
    79      121    0.634    0.007 
    79      129    1.318    0.001 
    79      132    1.375    0.009 
    81      301   -0.002    0.000 
    81      320    0.457    0.022 
    81      322    0.818    0.001 
    81      325    1.091    0.015 
    81      330    1.369    0.008 
    82      124    1.096    0.043 
    83      118    0.077    0.001 
    83      126    1.250    0.036 
    83      127    1.285    0.005 
    83      132    1.254    0.019 
    84      126    1.256    0.003 
    84      130    1.256    0.003 
    85      118    0.180    0.008 
    85      120    0.474    0.001 
    85      122    0.541    0.000 
    85      125    0.970    0.009 
    85      131    1.240    0.005 
    87      119    0.160    0.004 
    87      125    0.663    0.007 
    88      106    0.000    0.000 
    88      119    0.047    0.001 
    88      131    1.234    0.012 
    89      119    0.025    0.002 
    89      126    1.005    0.003 
    90      321    0.441    0.002 
    91      120    0.056    0.000 
    91      127    1.132    0.001 
    92      122    0.257    0.005 
    93      115    0.001    0.002 
    93      119    0.003    0.008 
    93      126    0.793    0.009 
    93      132    1.181    0.000 
    93      135    1.053    0.005 
    95      119    0.003    0.000 
    95      126    0.678    0.008 
    95      132    1.161    0.005 
    95      135    1.038    0.019 
    97      120    0.002    0.002 
    97      125    0.242    0.003 
    97      128    1.215    0.002 
    97      132    1.193    0.016 
    97      135    1.065    0.009 
    99      120    0.025    0.011 
    99      127    1.229    0.007 
    99      132    1.169    0.013 
   101      320   -0.001    0.001 
   101      325    0.484    0.001 
   103      121    0.013    0.001 
   103      125    0.352    0.000 
   103      128    1.211    0.006 
   103      131    1.148    0.012 
   103      133    1.081    0.013 
   103      135    1.065    0.000 
   105      123    0.030    0.002 
   105      127    0.742    0.009 
   105      130    1.181    0.007 
   105      134    1.116    0.039 
   106      120    0.001    0.000 
   106      132    1.085    0.021 
   107      121    0.003    0.000 
   107      123    0.041    0.002 
   107      128    1.218    0.010 
   107      131    1.143    0.009 
   109      121   -0.000    0.003 
   109      128    0.727    0.005 
   109      131    1.163    0.001 
   110      121    0.001    0.000 
   112      123    0.004    0.001 
   112      126    0.036    0.002 
   112      131    1.127    0.004 
   113      122    0.001    0.001 
   113      126    0.074    0.002 
   113      131    1.213    0.077 
   113      135    1.007    0.013 
   114      129    0.482    0.006 
   114      131    1.210    0.013 
   115      123    0.003    0.008 
   115      131    1.210    0.015 
   116      123    0.023    0.004 
   116      126    0.076    0.002 
   116      132    1.197    0.009 
   117      123   -0.000    0.003 
   117      127    0.038    0.002 
   117      135    0.990    0.002 
   118      129    0.159    0.002 
   119      127    0.033    0.001 
   119      129    0.314    0.007 
   119      132    1.176    0.006 
   120      126    0.055    0.001 
   120      131    1.165    0.032 
   121      129    0.712    0.005 
   121      133    1.072    0.012 
   122      125    0.069    0.003 
   122      128    0.155    0.000 
   122      132    1.176    0.005 
   125      115   -0.002    0.000 
   126      223    0.031    0.002 
   126      226    0.147    0.001 
   126      232    1.006    0.008 
   127      123    0.078    0.001 
   127      133    0.960    0.006 
   128      122    0.017    0.001 
   129      126    0.081    0.006 
   129      132    0.953    0.005 
   129      136    0.983    0.027 
   133      123    0.080    0.002 
   133      128    0.228    0.002 
   133      132    0.373    0.002 
   134      122    0.029    0.003 
   134      125    0.147    0.002 
   134      132    0.412    0.002 
   135      125    0.262    0.001 
   135      129    0.346    0.001 
   135      133    0.496    0.002 
   137      126    0.137    0.004 
   137      128    0.290    0.002 
   137      132    0.395    0.004 
   138      129    0.297    0.000 
   139      123    0.070    0.002 
   139      131    0.393    0.003 
   141      125    0.093    0.003 
   141      127    0.219    0.001 
   141      132    0.420    0.000 
   142      127    0.315    0.003 
   142      131    0.402    0.001 
   143      131    0.430    0.001 
   143      135    0.921    0.030 
   147      129    0.413    0.005 
   147      133    0.656    0.002 
   148      121    0.006    0.001 
   148      126    0.069    0.005 
   148      132    0.445    0.010 
   149      228    0.278    0.004 
   149      232    0.460    0.003 
   151      123    0.062    0.001 
   151      127    0.236    0.002 
   151      133    0.507    0.007 
   152      136    0.946    0.006 
   154      125    0.098    0.001 
   154      129    0.302    0.001 
   154      133    0.519    0.008 
   155      129    0.343    0.007 
   155      131    0.444    0.006 
   156      122    0.007    0.001 
   156      132    0.446    0.018 
   157      325    0.114    0.001 
   157      333    0.503    0.001 
   158      127    0.138    0.003 
   158      133    0.732    0.120 
   158      135    0.944    0.004 
   159      126    0.050    0.003 
   159      130    0.170    0.003 
   161      123    0.034    0.013 
   161      129    0.211    0.001 
   163      123    0.020    0.002 
   163      126    0.099    0.001 
   163      132    0.304    0.003 
   164      132    0.346    0.002 
   165      125    0.118    0.003 
   165      129    0.216    0.007 
   165      133    0.534    0.003 
   167      125    0.093    0.011 
   168      325    0.051    0.003 
   168      331    0.311    0.003 
   169      123    0.027    0.002 
   169      131    0.341    0.004 
   169      135    0.944    0.004 
   170      127    0.162    0.033 
   170      133    0.941    0.014 
   171      120    0.002    0.000 
   172      331    0.950    0.004 
   174      122    0.012    0.001 
   174      125    0.060    0.017 
   174      131    0.843    0.006 
   176      123    0.017    0.004 
   176      129    0.187    0.002 
   176      135    0.976    0.011 
   178      122    0.010    0.000 
   178      125    0.044    0.000 
   178      131    1.035    0.007 
   180      121   -0.000    0.000 
   180      125    0.030    0.001 
   180      133    1.108    0.001 
   181      127    0.084    0.001 
   181      135    1.043    0.002 
   182      122    0.007    0.001 
   182      125    0.028    0.003 
   182      131    1.156    0.018 
   183      132    1.140    0.011 
   184      122    0.024    0.000 
   184      125    0.068    0.000 
   184      131    0.549    0.001 
   186      123    0.020    0.000 
   186      129    0.194    0.002 
   186      133    1.114    0.000 
   188      322    0.015    0.000 
   188      325    0.043    0.002 
   188      331    0.586    0.000 
   188      336    1.204    0.017 
   190      125    0.045    0.002 
   190      129    0.252    0.004 
   190      133    1.326    0.012 
   191      123    0.775    0.005 
   193      103   -0.000    0.001 
   193      106    0.018    0.001 
   193      109    0.101    0.003 
   193      111    0.202    0.008 
   193      113    0.478    0.002 
   193      117    1.174    0.010 


APPENDIX 6a. Oxygen Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
  
Summary of Oxygen Data for CGC94
Kirk Hargreaves
18 April 1996

1.1  Oxygen

1.1.1     Overview
     Oxygen samples were drawn from every bottle for every station (except
for some of the test casts).  A total of 6191 samples were drawn,
including 450 duplicates.  Five different people drew oxygen samples
and four people were involved with running samples.  The estimated
accuracy is 0.3% plus an estimated precision of 0.3 umol/kg.  Note that
precision is sampler dependent and was as good as 0.2 umol/kg for some
samplers.  All samples for station 89 are flagged as bad because of bad
sampling.

     Samples were titrated using Carpenter's whole bottle
technique (Carpenter, 1969).  An auto-titrator based on a design
by Gernot Friederich (Friederich, 1991) and using a modified
version of Friederich's software was used to titrate the samples. 
The titrator consists of a Kloehn 50100 Syringe Drive with a 5 ml
syringe, a home-built photometer, and a computer.  Post-
processing software was used to add in temperature corrections
and to analyze data.

1.1.2     Sampling and pickling
     Oxygen sampled immediately after CFC's and Helium.  Samples
were drawn in calibrated 125 ml nominal volume iodine
determination flasks (Corning 5400-125).
The sampling tube was inserted into the flask, allowed to flow
freely and tapped to removed bubbles, and then inverted.  The
tube was pinched to reduce flow and allow water in the flask to
drain.  A water sheet was formed on the inside of the flask, the
sampling tube pinched off, the flask drained, and then put right
side up.  The sampling tube was slowly released to prevent
turbulent flow and the flask allowd to fill.  Using a watch, the
fill time was measured and used to ensure at least two flask
volumes overflow. (Typical fill time was 7 seconds).  During this
time, the temperature of the water was recorded using an
uncalibrated Pt-RTD.  However, these temperatures are not used in
the final data processing.

     Reagents were introduced quicky after sampling using
Brinckmann 1.0 ml Fixed Volume Dispensette repipets.  The tips of
the repipets were lengthened using clear polyolefin shrink
tubing.  How reagents were introduced varied.  My preferred
method was adding MnCl2 at the bottom of the flask, and NaOH/NaI
at the mid-point.  The repipet tips were inserted into the flask
and then the repipets were filled and dispensed.  This had the
problem that on the upstroke, sometimes seawater (~5 uL) was
aspirated up the tube.  In later cruises, the upstroke should
take place outside of the flask.  All reagents were prepared
according to WOCE specifications.

     Flasks were capped at this point and shaken until the
reagents were well mixed.  The flask was inverted and checked for
bubbles.  Distilled water, or later, seawater, was added to the
collar of the flask and the flask stowed.  At least 20 minutes
after sampling was finished, flasks were reshaken.

1.1.3     Analysis

     Samples were analyzed no earlier than 20 minutes and no
later than 8 hours after remixing.  Liquid from the flask collar
was aspirated with a transfer pipette and the stopper removed. 
~1ml of 10N sulfuric acid and a rinsed stir bar were added. (Note
- the stir bars had short lengths of Tygon on them to improve
their stirring characteristics.  Stir bars without pivot rings
have since been found to work better.)  The flask was wiped dry
and placed in the titrator and titrated with 0.05 N sodium
thiosulfate.  After titration, the sample was poured out and the
flask rinsed with hot tap water.

1.1.4     Standardization

     Titrant was standardized with 0.01N potassium iodate
solution which was mixd before the cruise and stored in air tight
bottle.  Standard was dispensed using a spare Kloehn 50100 with a
calibrated 5 ml buret.  The measured accuracy of the dispensed
standards is 0.6 uL and 2.3 uL for volumes below and above 5 mL,
respectively.  Standards all were within 0.1% of each their
calculated values when intercompared after the cruise.


1.2 Oxygen References

Culberson, C.H., "Dissolved Oxygen", WHP Operations and Methods,
     WHP Office Report WHPO 91-1, July 1992.

Carpenter, J.H., "The Chesapeake Bay Institute Technique for the
     Winkler Dissolved Oxygen Method", Limnology and
     Oceanography, vol. 10, pp. 141-143.

Friederich, G.E., Codispoti, L.A., and Sakamoto, C.M., "An Easy-
     to-Construct Automated Winkler Titration System", MBARI
     Technical Report 91-6, August 1991.

Press, W.H., Flannery, B.P., Teukolsky, S.A., and Vetterling,
     W.T., Numerical Recipies in C, Cambridge University Press,
     Cambridge, 1988.
     
APPENDIX 6b  Replicate Oxygen Measurements on WOCE P18 (CGC94)
File gives station, sample, mean of replicate oxygen measurements (in
umol/kg), standard deviation of replicate measurements (sO2), and range of
values for replicate samples:


#Sta   Sta   O2       sO2   HighO2   LowO2
  11   107  209.67    0.02  209.68  209.66
  11   117  186.14    0.43  186.45  185.84
  11   209  345.22    0.51  345.58  344.85
  12   127  175.44    0.22  175.60  175.29
  12   121  176.42    0.12  176.51  176.34
  13   101  216.31    0.11  216.39  216.23
  13   102  217.23    0.06  217.27  217.19
  13   103  216.30    0.19  216.43  216.16
  15   119  175.82    0.18  175.96  175.69
  15   129  229.91    0.06  229.95  229.87
  16   102  216.79    0.46  217.11  216.46
  20   102  216.53    0.02  216.54  216.52
  20   103  216.01    0.25  216.19  215.83
  21   106  210.65    0.17  210.77  210.53
  21   119  171.54    0.07  171.59  171.49
  22   110  199.45    0.34  199.69  199.21
  22   121  175.68    0.01  175.68  175.67
  23   307  206.03    0.02  206.05  206.01
  23   311  195.09    0.23  195.25  194.93
  24   117  171.52    0.05  171.55  171.48
  24   130  295.04    0.13  295.13  294.95
  28   107  205.58    0.25  205.76  205.41
  28   113  187.73    0.27  187.92  187.54
  33   207  185.03    0.04  185.06  185.00
  33   219  247.23    0.01  247.23  247.23
  33   230  281.77    0.68  282.25  281.29
  34   107  180.58    0.13  180.68  180.49
  34   109  174.59    0.38  174.86  174.32
  35   106  189.68    0.22  189.84  189.53
  35   115  192.85    0.11  192.93  192.77
  35   123  270.72    0.02  270.74  270.71
  36   112  169.65    0.03  169.67  169.62
  36   114  179.01    0.06  179.06  178.97
  37   204  199.09    0.19  199.22  198.95
  37   208  179.84    0.18  179.96  179.71
  37   210  172.80    0.38  173.07  172.53
  39   107  171.13    0.33  171.37  170.90
  40   309  173.90    0.81  174.47  173.33
  41   108  175.82    0.11  175.89  175.74
  41   109  172.81    0.03  172.83  172.79
  42   110  167.63    0.01  167.63  167.63
  42   114  169.13    0.04  169.15  169.10
  44   104  195.74    0.23  195.90  195.57
  44   106  182.61    0.73  183.13  182.09
  44   108  173.48    0.44  173.79  173.17
  45   106  183.05    0.18  183.18  182.92
  45   108  173.78    0.19  173.92  173.65
  45   110  170.46    0.28  170.65  170.26
  46   102  195.21    0.09  195.28  195.15
  46   104  188.23    0.03  188.25  188.21
  46   108  169.24    0.05  169.27  169.20
  47   103  192.84    0.05  192.87  192.80
  47   105  182.38    0.08  182.43  182.33
  47   108  170.38    0.25  170.55  170.20
  52   103  186.60    0.23  186.76  186.44
  52   104  180.77    0.62  181.21  180.33
  52   106  171.92    0.35  172.17  171.67
  53   109  171.94    0.35  172.19  171.69
  53   112  160.98    0.10  161.05  160.91
  53   115  179.58    0.01  179.58  179.57
  54   121  264.28    0.27  264.47  264.09
  54   125  261.39    0.08  261.44  261.34
  54   130  281.11    0.03  281.13  281.09
  55   318  234.36    0.25  234.54  234.19
  55   321  261.12    0.05  261.16  261.09
  55   323  262.03    0.02  262.05  262.02
  58   307  168.45    0.84  169.05  167.85
  58   308  167.11    0.23  167.27  166.95
  58   310  161.99    0.15  162.10  161.88
  59   105  176.76    0.05  176.80  176.72
  59   107  166.76    1.08  167.52  165.99
  59   109  159.83    0.50  160.19  159.48
  60   110  150.61    0.07  150.66  150.56
  60   115  184.42    0.06  184.47  184.38
  60   134  252.09    0.01  252.10  252.08
  61   102  191.62    0.03  191.65  191.60
  61   106  171.19    0.09  171.25  171.13
  61   108  164.85    0.06  164.89  164.81
  62   307  166.44    0.09  166.50  166.38
  62   308  164.68    0.57  165.09  164.28
  62   309  158.67    0.51  159.03  158.31
  63   103  192.86    0.02  192.87  192.84
  63   105  182.16    0.01  182.17  182.16
  63   107  169.09    0.12  169.18  169.01
  64   106  164.47    0.05  164.50  164.43
  64   110  131.87    0.02  131.88  131.86
  64   115  180.47    0.10  180.54  180.40
  68   110  134.88    0.08  134.93  134.82
  68   115  169.60    0.07  169.66  169.55
  68   121  250.94    0.16  251.05  250.83
  69   110  144.05    0.02  144.06  144.03
  70   125  243.94    0.40  244.23  243.66
  70   131  247.40    0.09  247.47  247.34
  70   128  219.68    0.39  219.96  219.41
  71   109  160.54    0.42  160.84  160.25
  71   111  146.48    1.42  147.48  145.47
  71   113  128.59    0.14  128.69  128.50
  72   103  166.95    0.22  167.10  166.79
  72   104  167.31    0.10  167.37  167.24
  72   105  167.07    0.22  167.23  166.91
  73   110  149.25    0.14  149.35  149.15
  73   126  219.79    0.06  219.83  219.74
  73   128  212.61    0.07  212.65  212.56
  73   130  240.28    0.12  240.37  240.20
  74   104  165.61    2.03  167.04  164.18
  74   109  156.57    0.07  156.62  156.52
  74   127  217.55    0.01  217.55  217.54
  75   104  166.85    0.10  166.92  166.78
  75   110  149.98    0.23  150.14  149.82
  75   116  188.08    0.16  188.20  187.97
  76   103  165.58    0.22  165.74  165.43
  76   105  164.80    0.01  164.81  164.79
  76   107  160.34    0.02  160.36  160.33
  77   104  164.98    0.03  165.00  164.96
  77   115  153.46    0.04  153.49  153.43
  77   125  208.50    0.03  208.52  208.47
  78   101  167.04    1.98  168.44  165.64
  78   105  163.18    0.09  163.24  163.12
  78   123  216.78    0.33  217.02  216.55
  79   104  164.85    0.08  164.91  164.79
  79   129  216.58    0.11  216.66  216.50
  79   133  246.76    2.06  248.22  245.30
  80   101  165.18    0.10  165.25  165.11
  80   105  161.33    0.03  161.35  161.31
  80   131  245.09    0.13  245.19  245.00
  81   304  163.74    0.35  163.98  163.49
  82   104  162.15    0.69  162.63  161.66
  82   108  153.90    0.08  153.96  153.84
  83   104  161.35    0.14  161.45  161.25
  83   133  236.37    0.01  236.37  236.36
  83   135  213.12    0.13  213.21  213.03
  84   102  160.90    0.67  161.37  160.43
  84   104  158.34    0.12  158.43  158.26
  85   105  158.32    0.37  158.58  158.06
  85   113  131.08    0.24  131.25  130.91
  86   104  157.62    0.10  157.69  157.55
  86   107  156.61    0.17  156.73  156.48
  86   115  127.98    0.11  128.06  127.90
  87   105  156.46    0.02  156.48  156.45
  87   119  197.14    0.15  197.24  197.03
  88   111  153.96    1.23  154.83  153.09
  88   125  181.28    4.13  184.20  178.36
  88   136  211.11    0.11  211.19  211.03
  90   317  166.69    0.07  166.74  166.64
  90   318  196.02    0.06  196.06  195.98
  90   319  207.76    1.82  209.05  206.47
  91   115  131.89    0.02  131.90  131.88
  91   119  131.22    0.24  131.39  131.04
  91   122  206.45    0.50  206.80  206.10
  92   116  132.08    0.09  132.15  132.02
  92   125  147.64    0.06  147.69  147.60
  92   130  226.63    0.61  227.06  226.20
  93   110  156.20    0.84  156.80  155.61
  93   120  132.78    2.27  134.38  131.18
  93   130  221.07    0.10  221.14  221.00
  94   311  152.31    0.19  152.45  152.18
  94   312  147.91    0.28  148.10  147.71
  94   313  140.15    0.23  140.31  139.98
  95   108  156.01    0.22  156.16  155.85
  95   112  120.29    0.02  120.30  120.28
  95   136  208.92    0.73  209.44  208.40
  96   110  146.82    0.01  146.83  146.81
  96   113  115.67    0.02  115.69  115.66
  96   135  210.62    0.20  210.76  210.47
  97   121  142.87    0.12  142.95  142.78
  97   122  159.96    0.00  159.96  159.96
  97   123  119.08    0.21  119.22  118.93
  98   309  153.85    0.19  153.99  153.72
  98   320   94.96    0.09   95.03   94.90
  98   321  113.87    0.06  113.92  113.83
  99   109  153.89    0.40  154.17  153.61
  99   115   93.03    0.41   93.32   92.74
  99   129  221.48    0.06  221.52  221.44
 100   121   91.10    0.29   91.31   90.89
 100   122  114.49    0.10  114.55  114.42
 100   123  112.25    0.19  112.39  112.12
 101   305  149.58    0.38  149.85  149.31
 101   311  128.00    0.37  128.26  127.73
 101   319   78.30    0.03   78.32   78.28
 102   109  151.10    0.47  151.43  150.77
 102   111  128.72    0.05  128.75  128.68
 102   136  209.50    0.17  209.62  209.38
 103   109  149.23    0.16  149.34  149.11
 103   120   77.86    0.29   78.06   77.65
 103   131  220.21    0.02  220.22  220.19
 104   117   86.09    1.54   87.17   85.00
 104   118   83.34    1.85   84.65   82.04
 104   119   78.41    2.17   79.95   76.88
 105   103  147.69    0.34  147.93  147.44
 105   109  146.42    0.09  146.48  146.36
 105   135  210.15    0.16  210.27  210.04
 106   115   72.99    0.17   73.11   72.88
 106   117   64.39    0.16   64.50   64.28
 106   123   50.35    0.26   50.54   50.17
 107   107  145.67    0.37  145.93  145.40
 107   118   58.62    0.75   59.15   58.09
 107   129  203.57    0.19  203.70  203.43
 108   117   72.62    0.49   72.96   72.27
 108   122   58.74    0.00   58.74   58.74
 108   133  219.89    1.06  220.64  219.14
 109   107  140.24    0.17  140.36  140.12
 109   111  132.06    0.08  132.12  132.01
 109   125   12.77    0.02   12.78   12.75
 109   127   15.16    1.49   16.22   14.11
 110   109  139.47    0.11  139.55  139.39
 110   115   79.75    0.04   79.78   79.72
 110   133  214.66    0.02  214.67  214.65
 112   101  136.78    0.03  136.80  136.76
 112   111  140.39    0.44  140.70  140.07
 112   133  209.84    0.05  209.88  209.81
 113   112  114.83    0.03  114.85  114.81
 113   119   52.82    0.57   53.22   52.41
 113   133  213.31    0.06  213.35  213.27
 114   101  137.04    0.22  137.20  136.88
 114   107  138.81    0.08  138.87  138.75
 114   121   42.27    0.24   42.44   42.10
 115   107  136.45    0.32  136.68  136.23
 115   118   49.74    0.52   50.11   49.37
 115   129  132.66    0.18  132.79  132.54
 116   109  134.98    0.02  134.99  134.97
 116   115   77.13    0.05   77.17   77.10
 116   130  124.04    0.09  124.11  123.98
 116   136  207.06    1.37  208.02  206.09
 117   105  136.14    0.11  136.22  136.06
 117   113  105.25    1.82  106.53  103.96
 117   119   54.59    0.17   54.71   54.47
 118   106  137.60    0.00  137.60  137.60
 118   119   52.60    0.26   52.79   52.42
 118   134  206.36    0.26  206.54  206.17
 119   107  136.94    0.12  137.02  136.86
 119   118   90.47    0.09   90.54   90.41
 119   132  193.18    0.55  193.57  192.79
 120   105  136.64    0.44  136.94  136.33
 120   107  135.77    0.09  135.84  135.71
 120   109  130.14    0.08  130.19  130.08
 121   101  138.41    0.30  138.63  138.20
 121   112  111.18    0.14  111.28  111.08
 122   107  125.29    0.22  125.45  125.14
 122   114   90.48    0.18   90.61   90.35
 122   123   10.41    0.24   10.58   10.24
 123   209   95.67    0.17   95.79   95.56
 123   216    8.92    0.28    9.11    8.72
 123   224  203.08    0.71  203.58  202.58
 124   105  125.81    0.26  125.99  125.63
 126   208  113.04    0.09  113.11  112.98
 126   210  102.76    0.04  102.79  102.74
 126   223    4.22    0.21    4.37    4.07
 127   105  126.80    0.41  127.09  126.51
 127   115   86.39    0.07   86.45   86.34
 127   128    7.06    0.14    7.16    6.96
 128   105  135.76    0.13  135.85  135.66
 128   111   95.18    0.26   95.36   95.00
 128   115   89.43    0.05   89.47   89.39
 129   109  105.27    0.23  105.43  105.11
 129   117   77.52    0.16   77.63   77.41
 129   120   35.31    0.00   35.31   35.31
 133   102  154.55    0.56  154.94  154.15
 133   110  115.75    0.34  115.99  115.51
 133   131   47.79    0.13   47.88   47.70
 134   101  156.60    0.27  156.79  156.41
 134   120   26.66    0.21   26.81   26.51
 134   132   61.31    0.03   61.34   61.29
 135   101  155.87    0.02  155.89  155.86
 135   102  157.09    1.08  157.86  156.33
 135   103  157.20    0.32  157.42  156.97
 135   104  154.09    0.01  154.09  154.08
 135   105  148.16    0.45  148.48  147.84
 135   106  140.24    0.69  140.73  139.75
 136   107  133.07    0.11  133.14  132.99
 136   109  110.19    0.11  110.27  110.12
 136   111   97.37    0.12   97.46   97.29
 136   120   50.33    0.15   50.43   50.23
 136   121   33.92    0.06   33.96   33.88
 136   136  202.37    0.04  202.40  202.34
 137   101  157.86    0.11  157.94  157.78
 137   105  148.59    0.22  148.74  148.44
 137   109  125.80    0.19  125.93  125.66
 138   102  157.78    0.45  158.10  157.46
 138   113   98.16    0.03   98.18   98.14
 138   115   90.77    0.13   90.86   90.67
 139   101  158.81    0.76  159.34  158.27
 139   105  144.00    0.25  144.18  143.83
 139   109  111.72    0.12  111.81  111.64
 139   113   86.59    0.27   86.78   86.40
 139   119   62.59    0.05   62.63   62.55
 139   136  201.29    0.44  201.61  200.98
 140   107  131.26    1.43  132.27  130.25
 140   109  115.10    0.22  115.26  114.95
 140   133  120.92    1.38  121.89  119.94
 141   103  148.77    0.14  148.87  148.67
 141   109  119.49    0.19  119.62  119.36
 141   136  200.72    0.06  200.76  200.68
 142   129   81.65    0.72   82.16   81.14
 142   130   91.69    0.24   91.86   91.52
 142   131   97.46    0.16   97.57   97.35
 142   132  100.44    0.49  100.78  100.09
 142   133   59.42    1.42   60.42   58.42
 142   134   85.26    0.98   85.95   84.57
 142   135  195.33    0.79  195.89  194.77
 142   136  203.50    7.76  208.99  198.02
 143   105  145.13    0.06  145.17  145.09
 143   135  174.56    0.03  174.58  174.53
 143   136  194.56    0.26  194.74  194.37
 144   103  154.84    0.14  154.94  154.74
 144   135  163.18    0.11  163.26  163.10
 144   136  188.09    0.11  188.17  188.02
 146   126   18.98    0.83   19.56   18.39
 146   128   70.91    0.16   71.02   70.79
 146   130  103.51    0.91  104.15  102.86
 146   132  107.10    0.29  107.31  106.90
 146   133  112.44    0.01  112.45  112.44
 146   134  134.44    0.07  134.48  134.39
 146   135  180.08    0.32  180.31  179.86
 146   136  184.97    0.11  185.04  184.89
 147   123   24.22    0.52   24.59   23.85
 147   134  187.23    0.01  187.23  187.22
 147   136  191.99    0.16  192.10  191.87
 148   126   26.72    0.05   26.76   26.69
 148   128   53.43    0.01   53.44   53.42
 148   130   62.78    0.08   62.83   62.72
 148   132   64.65    0.15   64.75   64.54
 148   134  103.40    0.01  103.41  103.40
 148   135  187.27    0.04  187.30  187.25
 148   136  194.12    0.15  194.23  194.02
 149   209  116.29    0.25  116.47  116.11
 149   221   47.99    0.05   48.03   47.96
 149   236  200.25    0.01  200.26  200.25
 150   101  147.88    0.08  147.94  147.83
 150   119   46.98    1.26   47.88   46.09
 150   136  202.01    0.12  202.10  201.93
 151   136  203.53    0.18  203.66  203.40
 152   117   52.88    0.19   53.01   52.74
 152   119   52.44    0.12   52.52   52.35
 152   129   47.72    0.30   47.93   47.51
 153   309   99.22    0.06   99.26   99.17
 153   311   85.23    0.09   85.29   85.17
 153   336  202.78    0.04  202.81  202.75
 154   101  148.89    0.31  149.11  148.67
 154   117   62.92    1.07   63.68   62.16
 154   136  203.26    0.06  203.30  203.22
 155   111   92.69    0.08   92.75   92.64
 155   123   29.02    0.66   29.48   28.55
 155   136  202.17    0.05  202.20  202.13
 156   103  148.21    0.24  148.37  148.04
 156   111   90.56    0.04   90.59   90.54
 156   136  205.51    0.11  205.59  205.43
 157   301  149.32    0.51  149.68  148.96
 157   305  133.26    0.27  133.45  133.07
 157   331   60.76    0.10   60.84   60.69
 158   101  148.52    0.56  148.92  148.13
 158   109  112.57    0.06  112.61  112.53
 158   136  198.82    0.02  198.83  198.81
 159   115   63.75    0.07   63.80   63.69
 159   123    2.89    0.14    2.99    2.79
 159   127   34.83    0.05   34.87   34.80
 161   101  137.12    0.45  137.45  136.80
 161   121    1.45    0.32    1.68    1.22
 161   135  197.56    0.04  197.59  197.54
 162   105  130.14    0.15  130.24  130.03
 162   119    8.17    0.08    8.22    8.11
 162   130   10.82    0.41   11.11   10.53
 163   103  140.70    0.11  140.78  140.62
 163   113   81.49    0.52   81.86   81.12
 163   129   30.66    0.04   30.70   30.63
 164   105  130.53    0.05  130.56  130.50
 164   113   55.49    0.06   55.53   55.45
 164   127   27.49    0.29   27.69   27.28
 165   107  117.18    0.09  117.24  117.12
 165   111   97.59    0.04   97.62   97.56
 165   133   41.69    0.29   41.90   41.49
 166   107  108.03    0.11  108.11  107.95
 166   111   68.51    0.32   68.74   68.28
 166   136  198.18    0.03  198.19  198.16
 167   103  130.15    0.13  130.24  130.06
 167   121    6.17    0.22    6.32    6.01
 167   131   14.55    0.01   14.56   14.55
 168   305  115.46    0.09  115.53  115.40
 168   315   36.08    0.10   36.16   36.01
 168   331    5.35    0.04    5.38    5.33
 169   103  128.09    0.06  128.13  128.05
 169   109   85.41    0.18   85.53   85.28
 169   113   51.20    0.20   51.34   51.06
 170   105  114.24    0.50  114.59  113.88
 170   107   98.85    0.60   99.27   98.43
 170   135  197.79    0.13  197.88  197.70
 171   107   96.57    0.03   96.59   96.55
 171   122    2.72    0.10    2.79    2.65
 171   131  154.06    0.09  154.13  154.00
 172   303  137.35    0.10  137.42  137.28
 172   309  113.58    0.27  113.77  113.38
 172   335  198.28    0.20  198.42  198.14
 173   103  132.63    0.10  132.70  132.56
 173   105  125.30    0.01  125.31  125.30
 173   135  198.77    0.14  198.87  198.67
 174   110   71.57    0.06   71.62   71.53
 174   121    5.16    0.06    5.20    5.11
 174   123    1.30    0.04    1.32    1.27
 175   106  117.08    0.04  117.11  117.05
 175   123    0.93    0.13    1.03    0.84
 175   131    8.54    0.13    8.63    8.45
 176   105  125.69    0.04  125.72  125.67
 176   109  100.47    0.14  100.56  100.37
 176   135  203.14    0.09  203.20  203.07
 177   103  127.93    0.04  127.95  127.90
 177   105  121.02    0.13  121.11  120.93
 177   115   23.51    0.07   23.56   23.46
 178   111   62.90    0.22   63.06   62.74
 178   121    0.55    0.15    0.65    0.44
 179   102  121.45    0.12  121.53  121.36
 179   107  111.53    0.64  111.98  111.08
 179   126    0.50    0.00    0.50    0.50
 180   101  122.62    0.05  122.66  122.59
 180   121    0.74    0.28    0.94    0.54
 180   131   42.70    0.17   42.82   42.58
 181   111   75.05    0.43   75.36   74.75
 181   115   24.91    0.16   25.03   24.80
 181   129    0.61    0.26    0.79    0.42
 182   106  108.51    0.12  108.60  108.43
 182   114   32.66    0.14   32.76   32.56
 182   132  214.37    0.01  214.38  214.36
 183   107  108.97    0.17  109.09  108.85
 183   123    1.34    0.29    1.54    1.14
 184   102  119.24    0.01  119.25  119.23
 184   122    0.86    0.42    1.16    0.56
 184   134  222.53    0.11  222.61  222.46
 185   105  115.62    0.01  115.62  115.61
 185   115   17.86    0.20   18.00   17.72
 185   135  214.99    0.47  215.32  214.66
 186   109   71.19    0.07   71.24   71.15
 186   135  223.33    0.04  223.36  223.30
 187   115   17.60    0.02   17.62   17.58
 187   129    3.54    0.06    3.59    3.50
 188   309   82.56    0.08   82.61   82.50
 188   317   10.89    0.13   10.98   10.79
 188   331   27.36    0.02   27.37   27.35
 189   105  112.91    0.45  113.23  112.59
 189   115   22.57    0.13   22.66   22.48
 189   125    1.38    0.42    1.67    1.08
 190   101  115.69    0.15  115.79  115.59
 190   121    4.19    0.03    4.21    4.17
 191   107   64.78    0.11   64.85   64.70
 191   115    1.43    0.01    1.44    1.42
 192   103   61.19    1.11   61.98   60.41
 192   111   10.17    0.19   10.31   10.04
 192   123   21.75    0.06   21.79   21.70
 193   101   11.38    0.17   11.50   11.26
 193   109    1.21    0.05    1.25    1.18
 193   115   51.30    0.30   51.51   51.09
 194   105   25.13    0.33   25.36   24.90
 194   109  153.84    1.47  154.82  152.15

APPENDIX 7.  Bottle Salinity Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)


Bottle salinity measurements on section P18 were made by Gregg Thomas 
(NOAA-AOML).  The salinity analysis was accomplished using two Guildline
Model 8400A inductive autosalinimoters standardized with IAPSO Standard 
Seawater batch P114.  The instruments were located in a temperature 
controlled van.  The autosalinometer in use was standardized before each
run and either at the end of each run or after no more than 48 samples. 
The drift between standardizations was monitored and the individual 
samples were corrected for that drift by linear interpolation.  
Duplicate samples taken from the deepest bottle on each cast were 
analyzedon a subsequent day. Bottle salinities were compared with 
preliminary CTD salinities to aid in identification of leaking bottles 
as well as to monitor the CTD conductivity cells' performance and drift.  

The expected precision of the autosalinometer with an accomplished 
operator is 0.001 pss, with an accuracy of 0.003.  To assess the 
precision of discrete salinity measurements on this cruise, a comparison 
is made for data from the instances in which two bottles were tripped 
within 10 dbar of each other at the same station below a depth of 2000 
dbar.  For the 138 instances in which both bottles of the pair have 
acceptable salinity measurements, the standard deviation of the 
differences is 0.0012 pss.  This value is very close to the expected 
precision.  



APPENDIX 8.  Nutrient Measurement techniques on WOCE P18 (CGC94)

		Nutrients
	by KA Krogslund and C. W. Mordy (8 May, 1996)

Equipment and Analytical Methods
	An Alpkem RFA/2(trademark) autoanalyzer was used to determine 
dissolved concentrations of silicate (Si(OH)4), phosphate (HPO4 -3) 
nitrate (NO3 -) and nitrite (NO2 -).  Measurements were made in a 
temperature controlled laboratory which was maintained at 21(+/-)1 
degree C.  The following analytical methods were employed:
	Silicate was converted to silicomolybdic acid and reduced 
with stannous chloride to form silicomolybdous acid or molybdenum blue 
(Armstrong, 1967).
	Phosphate was converted to phosphomolybdic acid and reduced with 
ascorbic acid to form phosphomolybdous acid in a reaction stream heated 
to 37 degrees C (Bernhardt and Wilhelms, 1967).
	Nitrite was diazotized with sulfanilamide and coupled with NEDA
to from a red azo dye.
	Nitrate+Nitrite was measured by first reducing nitrate to nitrite
in a copperized cadmium coil, and then analyzing for nitrite.  Nitrate
was determined from the difference of nitrate+nitrite and nitrite 
(Armstrong, 1967).

Sampling Procedures
	Nutrient samples were collected from 10-liter Niskin bottles in 
aged 20 ml high density polyethylene scintillation vials closed with 
teflon lined polyethylene caps.  All vials and caps were rinsed with 10% 
HCl and deionized water prior to each station, and rinsed at least three 
times with sample before filling.  Samples were usually analyzed 
immediately after collection; however, some samples were stored for up 
to 12 hours at 4-6 degrees C. 

Calibrations and Standards
	Standard material for dissolved silicate was sodium fluorosilicate 
which had been referenced against a fused- quartz standard.  Primary 
standards were prepared by dissolving standard material in deionized water, 
and working standards were prepared in low nutrient seawater.  At each 
station, seven concentrations of working standard were freshly prepared 
and analyzed prior to sample analysis, and the highest standard was 
again analyzed after the last sample.  This allowed for regular 
monitoring of the response, drift and linearity of each chemistry.  All 
analysis were within the linear range of the instrument.  Concentrations 
were converted to micromoles/kg by calculating sample densities using 
the laboratory temperature of 21 degrees C and the practical salinity 
scale (UNESCO, 1981). 

Precision
	Analytical precision was determined by replicate measurements 
(usually 4-5 measurements) on 46 samples from depths greater than 100 m.  
The average standard deviations of these precision tests were 
(micromoles/kg) 1.1 silicate, 0.015 phosphate, and 0.22 nitrate; and 
the average percent deviations were 0.56% silicate, 0.84% phosphate, 
and 0.59% nitrate.

References
Armstrong, FAJ, Stearns, CR, Strickland, JDH  (1967) The measurement of 
upwelling and subsequent biological processes by means of  the Technicon 
Autoanalyzer and associated equipment.  Deep-Sea Res 14: 381-389.

Bernhardt H, Wilhelms, A  (1967)  The continuous determination of low 
level iron, soluble phosphate and total phosphate with the AutoAnalyzer. 
Technicon Symposia,  Vol I,  385-389.  UNESCO  (1981)

The practical salinity scale 1978 and the international equation of 
state of seawater 1980.  Tenth report of the Joint Panel on 
Oceanographic Tables and Standards.  UNESCO Technical Papers in Marine 
Science, No. 36, 144 p.