From hendee@wave Tue May 23 11:03:53 1995
Date: Tue, 23 May 1995 11:03:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@wave>
To: Coral Health & Monitoring <achester@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov>, 
    aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu, atwood@aoml.erl.gov, bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, 
    bhaskell@atlantic.nos.noaa.gov, bholland@rdc.noaa.gov, 
    ckrouse@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, eclarke@rsmas.miami.edu, 
    ffield@aoml.erl.gov, fishlick@aol.com, florit@coral.aoml.erl.gov, 
    forcucci@aoml.erl.gov, ghitchcock@rsmas.miami.edu, 
    hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov, jaap_w@harpo.dep.state.fl.us, 
    jogden@marine.usf.edu, labbe@aoml.erl.gov, mdowgiallo@hq.noaa.gov, 
    nelsen@aoml.erl.gov, ortner@aoml.erl.gov, perci@aoml.erl.gov, 
    pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, ssmith@aoml.erl.gov, wanninkhof@aoml.erl.gov
Subject: Coral Health & Monitoring List-Server
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950523105757.3791Q-100000@wave>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII
Status: RO
X-Status: 

Greetings,

	We will soon be implementing a list-server for our Coral Health and
Monitoring program.  This e-mail service will function as a forum for
information exchange, discussion, and recent news of interest to coral health
researchers.  List subscribers will also be able to request the following
services: 

1) Automated e-mail delivery of Coastal-Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) data
from stations at Fowey Rocks, Molasses Reef, Sombrero Reef, Long Key, Sand
Key and Dry Tortugas.  Other stations include those in the South Pacific, the
Bahamas and the Flower Garden area in the northern Gulf of Mexico.  You will
be able to choose which stations you'd like, and the frequency of reporting
(e.g., hourly, once-a-day, once-a-week, etc.).  The basic data usually
include wind speed and direction, sea surface temperature and barometric
pressure.  Florida Institute of Oceanography enhanced stations include
salinity, and photosynthetically-active radiation (PAR).  Additional 
parameters may be added in the future.

2) Automated facsimile delivery of the same data as in (1) above.

3) Automated e-mail delivery of uuencoded .GIF images of CoastWatch data from
South Florida, including the Florida Keys.  You may choose a frequency of
several times per day, once-a-day, etc.  For those of you who are unaware of
what uuencoding is, it a method for transferring binary data (in this case
satellite AVHRR images) as an ASCII message.  When you receive the message,
you use uudecode to decode the message back into a binary file, then view it
on your PC, Macintosh, or Unix workstation.  (Please note that the actual
CoastWatch data files will not be available--those must be retrieved from
Alex Chester of the CoastWatch program.)

	These and other services, such as an online compendium of published
abstracts relating to coral health, and hypertext links to other coral
health-related areas, will also be available soon at our World-Wide Web site: 

	http://coral.aoml.erl.gov

	If you have any suggestions as to other materials you would like to
see added to this service, any suggestions as to additional subscriber names,
or if you'd like your name removed from this list, please drop a line at your
earliest convenience.

	Thank you for your support.

	Sincerely yours,

	Jim Hendee

+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
|  James C. Hendee                       | Internet:      hendee@aoml.erl.gov  |
|  Coral Health and Monitoring Program   | Voice:         305 361-4380         |
|  Ocean Chemistry Division              | Fax:           305 361-4582         |
|  NOAA/AOML                             | COASTAL RBBS:  305 361-4524         |
|  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway            |                                     | 
|  Miami, FL  33149-1026                 |                                     |
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+

From hendee@wave Fri May 23 13:50:10 1995 
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13:52:46 -0400 
Date: Tue, 23 May 1995 13:52:46 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
cc: Coral Health & Monitoring <achester@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov>, 
        aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu, atwood@aoml.erl.gov, 
        bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bhaskell@atlantic.nos.noaa.gov, 
        bholland@rdc.noaa.gov, ckrouse@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov, 
        eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, eclarke@rsmas.miami.edu, ffield@aoml.erl.gov, 
        fishlick@aol.com, florit@coral.aoml.erl.gov, forcucci@aoml.erl.gov, 
        ghitchcock@rsmas.miami.edu, hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov, 
        jaap_w@harpo.dep.state.fl.us, labbe@aoml.erl.gov, 
        mdowgiallo@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV, nelsen@aoml.erl.gov, 
        ortner@aoml.erl.gov, perci@aoml.erl.gov, pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, 
        ssmith@aoml.erl.gov, wanninkhof@aoml.erl.gov, milliken@marine.usf.edu, 
        svargo@marine.usf.edu 
Subject: SEAKEYS Automated Monitoring System 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950523105757.3791Q-100000@wave> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950523134813.4515A-100000@seas> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
Many of you will receive from me a detailed explanation of the situation  
with regard to the SEAKEYS/NDBC Automated Monitoring system in the Keys.  The 
FIO has hit the wall on funding and unless new sources are identified  
soon, we will be forced to close the Sand Key and Long Key stations and,  
more importantly, let our staff at the Key Marine Laboratory who maintain  
the stations go.  I will be in contact with you early next month.  In the  
meantime, if any of you has any good ideas, we would like to hear them. 
 
Cheers. 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat May 24 14:40:02 1995 
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14:39:22 -0400 
Date: Wed, 24 May 1995 14:39:22 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
To: Coral Health & Monitoring <achester@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov>, 
        aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu, atwood@aoml.erl.gov, 
        bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bhaskell@atlantic.nos.noaa.gov, 
        bholland@rdc.noaa.gov, ckrouse@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov, 
        crane@aoml.erl.gov, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, eclarke@rsmas.miami.edu, 
        esieger@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV, ffield@aoml.erl.gov, 
        fishlick@aol.com, florit@coral.aoml.erl.gov, forcucci@aoml.erl.gov, 
        ghitchcock@rsmas.miami.edu, hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov, 
        jaap_w@harpo.dep.state.fl.us, jogden@marine.usf.edu, 
        labbe@aoml.erl.gov, mdowgiallo@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV, 
        nelsen@aoml.erl.gov, ortner@aoml.erl.gov, perci@aoml.erl.gov, 
        pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, ssmith@aoml.erl.gov, wanninkhof@aoml.erl.gov 
Cc: dubosq@tuck.cs.fit.edu 
Subject: Sample C-MAN data 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950524142756.15451I-100000@wave> 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Greetings, 
 
	At the bottom of this message is a sampling of C-MAN data from the 
stations in the Keys.  Salinity data have been removed because of some 
problems with some sensors, and a problem with our parsing code.  We hope to 
begin sending these data to you soon, if you are interested in receiving them 
automatically.  Otherwise, they will be posted on the Home Page at 
http://coral.aoml.erl.gov.  
 
	Also note that our "Other Links" portion of the Coral Health and 
Monitoring page has been dressed up, and we expect the color output for the 
CoastWatch images will be improved soon, too.  
 
	If there are other sensor data you feel would be of benefit to you, 
please drop me a line.  
 
	Many thanks. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
====================================================================== 
 
WARNING!  These oceanographic data are PREMLIMINARY data and have not 
          been screened for accuracy.  NOAA and FIO can not be held 
          liable for use of these data in a manner other than for  
          perusal of preliminary oceanographic data for scientific 
          research on coral reefs. 
 
-- Key -- 
MLRF1 = Molasses Reef           25.01 N, 80.38 W 
SMKF1 = Sombrero Reef           24.63 N, 81.11 W 
SANF1 = Sand Key Reef           24.45 N, 81.88 W 
FWYF1 = Fowey Rocks Reef        25.59 N, 80.10 W 
LONF1 = Long Key Station        24.84 N, 80.86 W 
DRYF1 = Dry Tortugas Station    24.38 N, 82.52 W 
 
Date and time are local 
Temperature in Centigrade, Sal = salinity 
Wind speed in miles/hr, Dir = direction 
Barometric Pressure in millibars (1 bar = 29.53 inches of mercury) 
N/A means Not Available at this time 
PAR = Photosynthetically Active Radiation (surface and 1 meter deep) 
 
 
                 Air   Sea        Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
MLRF1  05/24/95 0400  27.2  28.3   086   16.7    18.2  1011.7   19   20 
MLRF1  05/24/95 0300  27.6  28.3   103   13.6    14.7  1012.1   19   20 
MLRF1  05/24/95 0200  27.8  28.3   114   11.3    12.5  1012.8   20   20 
MLRF1  05/24/95 0100  27.9  28.5   119   12.8    14.4  1013.7   20   20 
MLRF1  05/24/95 0000  27.9  28.6   111   12.1    12.8  1013.7   20   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 2300  28.1  28.5   111   11.3    13.0  1014.0   20   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 2200  28.0  28.3   106   13.8    15.0  1014.0   20   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 2100  28.0  28.2   106   17.8    20.0  1013.6   20   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 2000  28.3  28.2   066   13.2    14.4  1013.0   26   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1900  28.4  28.3   082   11.7    12.5  1012.7  119   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1800  28.1  28.2   094   14.3    15.3  1012.4  338   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1700  28.0  28.2   073   13.8    15.3  1012.3  552   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1600  28.0  28.3   071   15.5    16.3  1012.4  689   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1500  28.0  28.3   079   10.5    12.1  1012.8  975   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1400  27.7  28.3   068   12.0    13.3  1013.2 1054   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1300  27.5  28.4   047    9.2    10.4  1013.9 1082   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1200  27.3  28.3   041    6.2     6.9  1013.8 1083   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1100  27.2  28.5   352    3.2     4.0  1013.6  618   20 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
MLRF1  05/23/95 1000  26.8  28.4   335    1.7     2.5  1013.8  208   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0900  26.7  28.3   009    4.7     5.8  1014.0  253   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0800  26.0  28.2   014    8.6    10.4  1013.4  123   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0700  27.0  28.2   203    7.0     7.8  1012.8   69   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0600  27.0  28.3   237    5.3     6.3  1012.1   19   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0500  27.1  28.1   220    5.4     6.3  1011.7   19   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0400  27.2  28.3   202    6.4     7.2  1011.5   19   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0300  27.2  28.3   207    8.0    10.4  1011.3   19   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0200  27.4  28.5   167    4.9     5.5  1011.9   19   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0100  27.4  28.4   000    0.0     0.0  1012.4   20   20 
MLRF1  05/23/95 0000  27.5  28.2   297    7.6     8.6  1012.6   20   20 
SMKF1  05/24/95 0400  27.7  28.9   107   12.0    13.0  1008.4    5    7 
SMKF1  05/24/95 0300  27.7  28.8   105   10.8    12.2  1008.5    5    7 
SMKF1  05/24/95 0200  27.9  28.9   112   14.1    15.3  1009.6    5    7 
SMKF1  05/24/95 0100  28.0  29.1   118   12.9    14.4  1010.1    5    8 
SMKF1  05/24/95 0000  28.0  29.2   090    9.3    10.8  1010.4    5    9 
SMKF1  05/23/95 2300  28.1  28.9   110   17.3    17.9  1010.8    5    9 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
SMKF1  05/23/95 2200  28.2  29.0   094   16.4    18.2  1010.8    5   10 
SMKF1  05/23/95 2100  28.5  29.4   081   12.2    13.3  1010.2    5   12 
SMKF1  05/23/95 2000  28.4  29.2   068   10.2    10.8  1009.8    5   17 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1900  28.6  29.3   080    5.9     6.6  1009.6    6   28 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1800  29.0  29.4   068    7.6     9.8  1009.4    9   41 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1700  29.2  29.5   064    7.1     8.0  1009.2    9   36 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1600  29.1  29.6   063    5.5     6.2  1009.2    9   33 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1500  28.7  29.7   085    6.0     7.0  1009.5    7   22 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1400  27.7  29.6   040    8.7     9.4  1010.3    5   15 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1300  27.3  29.6   046    8.7    10.1  1010.4    5   12 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1200  26.9  29.2   035    8.0     9.0  1010.7    5   12 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1100  26.7  29.0   027   11.0    12.4  1010.6    5   12 
SMKF1  05/23/95 1000  26.7  28.9   026   14.7    15.6  1010.7    5   10 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0900  27.6  28.9   054    4.5     6.4  1010.8    5   10 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0800  27.6  28.8   006    6.8     8.9  1010.1    5    8 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0700  27.4  28.9   221    4.9     5.6  1009.6    5    7 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0600  27.2  28.7   184   11.5    12.3  1008.8    5    7 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0500  27.1  28.9   173   11.2    12.5  1008.7    5    7 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0400  27.2  29.1   193   13.1    14.4  1008.2    5    7 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0300  27.8  29.2   105    8.9     9.9  1008.4    5    7 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0200  28.1  29.2   069    9.2    10.1  1008.7    5    7 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0100  28.1  29.1   030    4.7     5.8  1009.5    5    8 
SMKF1  05/23/95 0000  27.9  29.1   007   10.7    11.8  1009.9    5    8 
SANF1  05/24/95 0400  27.6  28.5   108    8.3     9.8  1011.8   21   50 
SANF1  05/24/95 0300  27.6  28.4   115   13.5    14.3  1012.0   21   49 
SANF1  05/24/95 0200  27.7  28.3   108   13.9    15.9  1013.0   21   49 
SANF1  05/24/95 0100  27.8  28.4   084   12.6    13.9  1013.2   20   50 
SANF1  05/24/95 0000  27.9  28.5   044    9.9    10.1  1014.1   21   49 
SANF1  05/23/95 2300  28.0  28.6   041   10.1    10.5  1014.2   21   49 
SANF1  05/23/95 2200  28.0  28.7   038   10.8    11.0  1014.0   21   49 
SANF1  05/23/95 2100  28.2  28.7   010   12.2    12.4  1013.4   20   49 
SANF1  05/23/95 2000  28.2  28.8   001    7.2     7.4  1013.1   34   57 
SANF1  05/23/95 1900  28.5  28.9   017    7.9     9.2  1013.2  185  153 
SANF1  05/23/95 1800  28.4  29.0   001   11.5    11.0  1012.8  399  313 
SANF1  05/23/95 1700  28.4  29.0   022   13.1    13.9  1012.8  608  486 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
SANF1  05/23/95 1600  28.3  28.9   007   15.3    15.9  1012.6  796  652 
SANF1  05/23/95 1500  28.2  28.9   047   12.5    12.5  1013.1  921  766 
SANF1  05/23/95 1400  27.8  28.8   026   15.2    15.3  1013.6  981  865 
SANF1  05/23/95 1300  27.5  28.7   025   14.5    15.1  1013.8  988  838 
SANF1  05/23/95 1200  27.5  28.6   033   14.5    15.1  1014.2  931  801 
SANF1  05/23/95 1100  27.7  28.4   046   13.0    13.7  1014.3  853  683 
SANF1  05/23/95 1000  27.5  28.3   036   16.2    16.7  1014.2  644  480 
SANF1  05/23/95 0900  27.4  28.2   037   13.2    13.7  1013.9  448  336 
SANF1  05/23/95 0800  27.5  28.3   035   14.7    15.3  1013.5  219  163 
SANF1  05/23/95 0700  27.6  28.5   035   11.3    12.1  1013.0   42   62 
SANF1  05/23/95 0600  27.6  28.4   043   10.5    11.5  1012.5   21   48 
SANF1  05/23/95 0500  27.7  28.3   058   10.0    11.2  1012.1   21   48 
SANF1  05/23/95 0400  27.4  28.2   325   12.0    13.1  1012.0   20   48 
SANF1  05/23/95 0300  27.3  28.3   340   11.8    11.7  1012.4   20   47 
SANF1  05/23/95 0200  27.3  28.4   354   14.1    14.3  1012.8   20   48 
SANF1  05/23/95 0100  27.3  28.4   006   14.6    14.8  1013.5   21   48 
SANF1  05/23/95 0000  27.3  28.4   359   14.4    15.0  1013.8   20   48 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
FWYF1  05/24/95 0400  27.0  28.7   111   13.0    14.3  1010.3   25   26 
FWYF1  05/24/95 0300  27.2  28.5   115   16.6    17.8  1010.5   25   26 
FWYF1  05/24/95 0200  27.4  28.7   122   17.4    18.2  1011.2   25   27 
FWYF1  05/24/95 0100  27.6  28.8   101   14.6    15.6  1011.9   25   28 
FWYF1  05/24/95 0000  27.8  28.8   088   13.3    15.1  1012.3   25   26 
FWYF1  05/23/95 2300  27.8  28.8   089   13.0    15.6  1012.4   25   27 
FWYF1  05/23/95 2200  27.7  28.7   092   11.6    12.8  1012.5   25   27 
FWYF1  05/23/95 2100  27.7  28.5   108   15.4    17.0  1011.9   25   28 
FWYF1  05/23/95 2000  27.9  28.3   084   14.3    16.7  1011.8   33   36 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1900  28.1  28.4   069   14.0    15.1  1011.2  172   88 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1800  27.9  28.5   079   14.1    15.9  1010.8  377  201 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1700  27.8  28.5   075   16.1    17.4  1010.9  257  149 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1600  27.9  28.6   077   14.7    15.9  1011.1  888  498 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1500  27.6  28.6   069   12.2    13.3  1011.3 1046  603 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1400  27.4  28.6   071   12.5    13.9  1011.5 1120  713 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1300  27.3  28.9   038   13.1    13.7  1012.2 1141  749 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1200  27.0  28.7   023   11.2    11.6  1012.1 1098  785 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1100  26.6  28.5   007   11.4    12.3  1012.2  978  657 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
FWYF1  05/23/95 1000  26.4  28.3   004   11.4    12.4  1012.3  789  515 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0900  25.9  28.1   341   14.5    15.5  1012.3  549  350 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0800  25.7  28.0   335   12.1    13.6  1012.1  240  152 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0700  26.3  28.0   336   11.4    12.6  1011.2   52   60 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0600  26.3  28.0   329   11.4    12.2  1010.6   24   47 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0500  26.8  28.1   324   11.8    12.6  1010.0   24   47 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0400  27.2  28.1   339    4.1     5.2  1009.8   24   48 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0300  27.1  28.1   031    4.1     4.6  1009.6   25   48 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0200  27.1  28.2   082    5.9     6.9  1010.3   25   48 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0100  27.0  28.4   082   12.9    14.7  1010.7   25   48 
FWYF1  05/23/95 0000  27.8  28.5   042   12.8    14.8  1011.1   25   49 
LONF1  05/24/95 0400  27.7  29.3   111   11.7    13.3  1012.3   16   25 
LONF1  05/24/95 0300  27.7  29.4   097   10.5    12.8  1012.5   16   25 
LONF1  05/24/95 0200  27.9  29.5   107   10.5    11.7  1013.5   16   25 
LONF1  05/24/95 0100  28.0  29.6   103   12.2    14.1  1014.3   16   25 
LONF1  05/24/95 0000  28.1  29.7   108   10.4    11.2  1014.3   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 2300  28.3  29.9   107   12.6    14.7  1014.8   16   25 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
LONF1  05/23/95 2200  28.5  30.0   112   12.9    14.8  1014.6   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 2100  28.4  30.2   094   12.8    14.3  1014.2   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 2000  28.4  30.3   089    9.7    10.5  1013.7   20   28 
LONF1  05/23/95 1900  28.7  30.4   090   10.7    12.5  1013.4   74   69 
LONF1  05/23/95 1800  28.7  30.4   077   10.5    11.8  1013.0  271  216 
LONF1  05/23/95 1700  28.3  30.4   086    7.9     9.2  1013.0  168  139 
LONF1  05/23/95 1600  28.5  30.2   046    2.3     3.8  1013.0   59  507 
LONF1  05/23/95 1500  28.2  30.0   353    1.2     1.4  1013.3   57  651 
LONF1  05/23/95 1400  27.8  29.8   075    5.3     7.6  1014.0  740  681 
LONF1  05/23/95 1300  27.4  29.4   020    5.6     6.7  1014.4  749  718 
LONF1  05/23/95 1200  26.9  29.2   018    7.8     9.1  1014.6  717  707 
LONF1  05/23/95 1100  26.4  29.0   012    8.9    10.7  1014.4  638  605 
LONF1  05/23/95 1000  26.0  28.9   026   11.4    13.6  1014.8  493  401 
LONF1  05/23/95 0900  25.9  28.8   019   11.5    12.2  1014.8  348  252 
LONF1  05/23/95 0800  26.0  28.8   015   11.2    12.2  1013.9  179  135 
LONF1  05/23/95 0700  26.5  28.9   025   10.8    12.3  1013.6   44   45 
LONF1  05/23/95 0600  26.7  29.0   023   10.7    12.2  1012.8   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 0500  26.9  29.0   026    7.4     8.7  1012.5   16   25 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
LONF1  05/23/95 0400  26.9  29.0   020    5.5     7.7  1012.1   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 0300  27.3  29.1   049    7.5     8.4  1012.2   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 0200  27.5  29.2   054    7.7     8.5  1012.6   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 0100  27.8  29.3   015   12.1    13.6  1013.2   16   25 
LONF1  05/23/95 0000  27.9  29.5   354   12.0    12.8  1013.5   16   25 
DRYF1  05/24/95 0400  26.9  28.5   094    4.7     6.4  1012.3   12   16 
DRYF1  05/24/95 0300  27.0  28.5   065    7.8     9.7  1012.8   12   16 
DRYF1  05/24/95 0200  27.0  28.5   040    8.5    10.2  1013.4   12   16 
DRYF1  05/24/95 0100  26.9  28.5   019   10.4    11.6  1014.0   12   16 
DRYF1  05/24/95 0000  27.2  28.6   015   11.8    13.2  1014.8   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 2300  27.0  28.6   014    8.5     9.5  1014.9   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 2200  26.9  28.7   357    7.9     9.3  1014.2   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 2100  26.8  28.7   003   10.5    11.6  1013.8   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 2000  26.9  28.7   349   11.2    13.1  1014.0   29   30 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1900  26.9  28.6   008   10.4    13.5  1014.0  154  144 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1800  27.0  28.6   020   13.5    14.7  1013.9  408  351 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1700  27.1  28.6   019   13.6    15.1  1013.8  675  649 
 
 
                      Air   Sea   Wind   Wind   Wind   Barom  PAR   PAR 
Site   Date     Time  Temp  Temp   Dir  Speed   Gust   Press  Surf  1 m 
======================================================================== 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1600  27.1  28.6   024   13.2    15.1  1013.7  638  606 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1500  27.3  28.6   027   11.2    12.4  1014.0  863  872 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1400  27.2  28.5   036   11.3    13.3  1014.2  927  988 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1300  27.0  28.4   047   12.9    14.0  1014.8  924 1019 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1200  27.1  28.4   050   12.5    13.7  1015.2  866  945 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1100  27.4  28.4   038   13.9    16.7  1015.3  576  606 
DRYF1  05/23/95 1000  27.5  28.4   047   15.1    16.3  1014.8  599  574 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0900  27.6  28.4   050   13.2    14.8  1014.6  240  217 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0800  27.7  28.4   037    8.0     9.7  1014.3  120  110 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0700  27.6  28.4   004    8.0     9.1  1013.6   29   31 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0600  27.7  28.3   360    9.5    10.5  1013.4   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0500  27.3  28.4   020   10.7    12.1  1013.0   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0400  27.2  28.4   025   10.9    12.3  1013.1   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0300  26.9  28.4   019   12.1    14.7  1013.3   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0200  26.8  28.4   339   13.0    15.2  1013.7   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0100  26.9  28.4   357   14.6    16.6  1014.2   12   16 
DRYF1  05/23/95 0000  27.0  28.5   006   19.2    21.7  1014.5   12   16 
 
 
=== end of message === 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun  8 14:39:26 1995 
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Date: Thu, 8 Jun 1995 14:23:25 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
To: Coral Health & Monitoring <73261.2212@compuserve.com>, 
        achester@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov, alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au, 
        andy_steven@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au, ann.sharp@jcu.edu.au, 
        aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu, atwood@aoml.erl.gov, 
        bcausey@ocean.nos.noaa.gov, bhaskell@atlantic.nos.noaa.gov, 
        bholland@rdc.noaa.gov, bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu, 
        brianL@gbrmpa.gov.au, c.wilkinson@aims.gov.au, carsey@aoml.erl.gov, 
        ccook@hboi.edu, charpy@tahiti.orstom.fr, cindyh@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu, 
        ckrouse@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov, crane@aoml.erl.gov, croberts@uvi.mola, 
        croberts@uvi.mola, d_klumpp@aims.gov.au, davel@cc.usu.edu, 
        david.bellwood@jcu.edu.au, dsantavy@gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov, 
        eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, eclarke@rsmas.miami.edu, ehu101@uriacc.uri.edu, 
        emueller@jaguar1.usouthal.edu, esieger@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV, 
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        florit@coral.aoml.erl.gov, forcucci@aoml.erl.gov, 
        fossil@selway.umt.edu, gatesrd@biovx1.biology.ucla.edu, 
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        genin@ccrv.obs-vlfr.fr, ghitchcock@rsmas.miami.edu, 
        ginsburg@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu, gregorh@hk.super.net, 
        hardy@nessie.cc.wwu.edu, hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov, 
        humphrj1@firnvx.firn.edu, iclarm@cgnet.com, j.mcmanus@cgnet.com, 
        j.munro@cgnet.com, j_benzie@aims.gov.au, jaap_w@harpo.dep.state.fl.us, 
        jcortes@cariari.ucr.ac.cr, jogden@marine.usf.edu, johns@aoml.erl.gov, 
        jordan@servidor.dgsca.unam.mx, kayanne@gsj.go.jp, ks95@umail.umd.edu, 
        labbe@aoml.erl.gov, m_furnas@aims.gov.au, 
        mdowgiallo@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV, n.polunin@ncl.ac.uk, 
        nebelsick@uni-tuebingen.de, nelsen@aoml.erl.gov, ortner@aoml.erl.gov, 
        oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au, oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au, oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au, 
        oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au, p_doherty@aims.gov.au, p_doherty@aims.gov.au, 
        path@amsg.austmus.oz.au, perci@aoml.erl.gov, peyrot@com.univ-mrs.fr, 
        pglynn@rsmas.miami.edu, planes@syspo.univ-perp.fr, 
        pol@syspo.univ-perp.fr, potts@biology.ucsc.edu, 
        psammarco@smtpgw.lumcon.edu, r.froese@cgnet.com, 
        reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de, sale@server.uwindsor.ca, 
        sharohl@cc.usu.edu, ssmith@aoml.erl.gov, steneck@maine.maine.edu, 
        str101.naos.brenesm@ic.si.edu, swart@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu, 
        t_ayukai@aims.gov.au, tja2@vax.york.ac.uk, uhfbo31@alpha1.rhbnc.ac.uk, 
        vinced@syspo.univ-perp.fr, vinced@syspo.univ-perp.fr, 
        wanninkhof@aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Health and Monitoring News 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950608141930.17125B-100000@wave> 
Mime-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Greetings! 
 
	Our list-server is still under construction, but we hope to have 
it up and running soon.  When that is set up, you will receive news of  
coral meetings, discussions, symposia, etc, as well as be able to  
ask questions of others on the list, make announcements, and so forth.  
In the mean time, here is a little news from the Coral Health and 
Monitoring Program, which can be found on the World-Wide Web at 
http://coral.aoml.erl.gov.  
 
	We have added a rather large list of literature abstracts and 
references relating to coral health.  If you do not see your name and 
abstract listed, but would like to have it listed, please send the 
complete journal citation with abstract to hendee@aoml.erl.gov.  
 
	We have begun to add some historical data (surface temperature 
and salinity) from the Indo-Pacific's coral reef areas, years 1900 
through 1990. Currently listed are data from the Keeling, Christmas  
Island and Timor Sea areas. 
 
	Our Coastwatch satellite image data and viewing process has 
improved.  Images are posted daily, and are also archived so that you may 
view previous days and times.  
 
	A sample C-MAN (Coastal-Marine Automated Network) bulletin from 
the Florida Keys has been posted.  If you would like to begin receiving 
these data for selected C-MAN sites at certain times and days, please 
drop a line so we may add you to the subscription list.  These bulletins 
may be sent by e-mail or faxed (U.S.A. only) to you.  
 
	Historical C-MAN data will be added soon.  These data will  
include selected Florida Keys C-MAN stations. 
 
	These services are still under construction, so we appreciate 
your patience.  If you have any suggestions, please let us know.  If you 
know of any other coral researchers who could benefit from these 
services, please forward their full name and e-mail address. 
 
	Many thanks for your interest and support. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
|  James C. Hendee                       | Internet:      hendee@aoml.erl.gov| 
|  Coral Health and Monitoring Program   | Voice:         305 361-4380       | 
|  Ocean Chemistry Division              | Fax:           305 361-4582       | 
|  NOAA/AOML                             | COASTAL RBBS:  305 361-4524       | 
|  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway            |                                   |  
|  Miami, FL  33149-1026                 |                                   | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jun 12 21:00:41 1995 
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Date: Tue, 13 Jun 1995 11:03:12 +1000 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
From: alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au (Tony Larkum) 
Subject: Re: Coral Health and Monitoring News 
Status: RO 
X-Status: A 
 
Dear James, 
 
                I am sending the following update on the ENCORE experiemnt 
for your news bulletin.  Andy Steven may have some further information on 
the effect on corals and other organisms and processes. 
 
 
 
"ENCORE, The Effect of Nutrient Enrichment of Coral Reefs and the Programme 
of Prof Larkum (School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney). 
 
        The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen pouring onto the Great 
Barrier Reef from rivers and drainage off the land is now ten fold what it 
was fifty years ago.  The major source is intensive agriculture with lesser 
contributions from sewage effluent and industry/urbanisation.  In other 
parts of the world coral reefs have been degraded by effluent from such 
sources.  Nutrients are high on the list of agents which may have caused 
this effect.  The conventional thinking is that natural algae grow faster 
in the presence of added nutrients (N+P) and that they then overgrow and 
smother the coral and other animals of a typical coral reef leading 
eventually to the disappearance of coral and the formation of an algal 
reef. 
        There is no consensus at the moment that the increased levels of 
nutrient (N+P) on the Great Barrier Reef are at levels that may cause 
concern or even that nutrients are the causal agent in decline of coral 
reefs elsewhere, eg Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii; Philippines, Thailand. 
Nevertheless nutrients must be building up in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon 
and this poses a potential threat to the GBR and its $1.4 billion 
contribution to the Gross Nationa Product. 
        To answer the questions arising from the previous discussion an in 
situ reef fertilisation experiment is being undertaken on the Australian 
Great Barrier Reef (at One Tree Island), to investigate the response of 
coral reefs to nutrient enrichment.  This experiment, known as ENCORE, was 
designed by Prof Larkum (University of Sydney) and Mr. Andy Steven (GBRMPA) 
to quantify the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus within a coral reef, and 
compare their impact on a variety of coral reef organisms.  Coordinated by 
the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville (GBRMPA), 30 
scientists from 8 Australian and 3 overseas organisations are undertaking 
research encompassing cellular through to community level responses. 
This research will provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate 
water quality management strategies in coral reef environments, and may 
identify a number of sub-lethal indicators of nutrient stress. 
        Nine robots have been built and deployed in natural shallow pools 
(microatolls) in the main lagoon at One Tree Reef.  At each low tide these 
robots squirt a dose of pollution (N or P or N+P) into the pool.  The 
following organisms are being studied in detail: a range of typical corals, 
clams, sponges, fish, bacteria, and algae. 
        The results to the present time are surprising in that they show a 
direct effect on coral growth and reproduction and on the growth of clams. 
Most surprising is the lack of effect on the microscopic algae which are 
generally considered to feed the animals of the reef.  It seems that under 
the conditions at One Tree (and maybe generally on coral reefs) they are 
not limited by nutrients.  The rates of primary production that have been 
measured are at the upper range for any known alga and therefore it is 
likely that the algae are limited by inorganic carbon supply rather than by 
nutrients.  Nutrient recycling within the epilithic algal community is 
probably adequate to supply the N and P needs of these algae.  Addition of 
nutrients to these algae in tanks has not increased primary productivity. 
Protection of the algae from grazing has also not enhanced productivity - 
supporting the contention that the algae are limited by carbon supply.  In 
the longer term the biomass and possibly the primary productivity are 
limited by grazing, particularly by grazing fish.  However the levels of 
nutrients that have been discharged into the pools over the last year are 
very low.  As a result it has been decided to treble the loading in 1995. 
Under these conditions (the same concentration as before but delivered in 
three injections 30 min apart) it is expected that there will be a response 
of the microscopic algae in the form of a community shift whereby certain 
green algae will dominate and grow excessively.  However this has to be put 
to the test. 
        Funding for ENCORE is at two levels.  The GBRMPA (Great Barrier 
Reef Marine Park Authority) funds the infrastructure of the project and 
supports a minimal amount of research.  Individual researchers are mainly 
dependent therefore on grants that they can attract from funding bodies. 
Prof.  Larkum had an Australian Research Council grant for his work from 
1992-94. 
 
Detailed Results on the algae to the present time 
 
The algae referred to as EAC are the epilithic algal community (which we 
study on year-old dead Porites blocks).  These have shown no response in 
any of the experimental atolls to added nutrients.  At first we thought 
that this was due to the effect of severe grazing, but we found the same 
effect when we caged the blocks for two weeks.  We then thought that the 
levels of added nutrients might be so low that this was the reason for no 
effect.  So we bathed the blocks in ten-fold nutrient concentrations for 
24-48 hours.  This was done both with our respirometers and the "Cheshire" 
respirometer.  Still we got no effect.  So we have to conclude that the EAC 
is not nutrient limited in the lagoon at One Tree.  (We have repeated this 
at several seasons so it is not a seasonal effect -although Hatcher and 
Larkum 1983 did detect a small effect in Spring, and it is possible that 
this does occur and we missed it). 
        No inhibition of growth of crustose coralline algae - Lithothamnion 
and Lithophyllum spp. has been found. 
        My group has not been studying the macroalgae.  These are not 
common inside the microatolls but do occur on the outside rims of the 
microatolls - particularly at the moment Laurencia spp.  Ed Drew and Bill 
Dennison have been studying effects of nutrients on these.  Bill claims to 
have found a definite stimulation of growth and Ed a non-statistical 
stimulation. 
        Note that this update has concentrated on the free-living micro- 
and macro-algae.  Of course, corals and many other animals of coral reefs, 
have symbiotic zooxanthellae.  We are not studying these algae, but many 
other workers are and particularly Drs. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and  Assoc. 
Prof. D. Yellowlees of the ENCORE Project.  In general past work seems to 
suggest that increased nitrogen causes an increased gowth of the 
zooxanthellae.  This increased growth may adversely affect the growth of 
corals.  Current research in the ENCORE Project is directed towards testing 
this hypothesis 
 
Reference. 
 
Larkum, A.W.D. and Steven, A.D.L 1994.  ENCORE (The effect of nutrient 
enrichment on a coral reef). 1. Experimental design and research programme. 
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 29, 112-120 
 
A.W.D. Larkum 
Professor of Plant Sciences, 
School of Biological Sciences, 
University of Sydney, 
NSW 2006 
 
tel (02) 351 2069 
fax (02) 351 4771 
email alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au" 
 
 
 
Prof Tony Larkum 
Sydney University 
alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au 
Ph (02) 692 2069 
Fax (02) 692 4771 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Jun 11 12:06:45 1995 
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Date: Sun, 11 Jun 1995 12:06:45 -0400 
From: Jim Hendee <hendee> 
Message-Id: <199506111606.MAA19868@aoml.erl.gov> 
To: hendee@aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: (fwd) Re: Death of Acropora in BVI 
Newsgroups: sci.geo.oceanography 
Organization: "U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL" 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
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From: Hugh Easton <hugh@daflight.demon.co.uk> 
Newsgroups: sci.geo.oceanography 
Subject: Re: Death of Acropora in BVI 
Date: 8 Jun 1995 00:40:44 +0100 
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References: <Pine.A32.3.91.950520153017.13799M-100000@navajo.gate.net> 
<Pine.A32.3.91.950604144824.7461D-100000@seminole.gate.net> 
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In article <Pine.A32.3.91.950604144824.7461D-100000@seminole.gate.net> 
           mcallist@gate.net "Ray McAllister" writes: 
 
> Josh, your analysis is much more believable to me than the global warming  
> hypothesis. So far we have no definitive evidence for ocean warming and  
> may have to wait till ATOC to get anytrhing dependable.  
 
That is no longer true, at least according to an article, "Drying out the 
tropics", in the 6 May issue of New Scientist. Apparently there has been a  
recent shift in thinking among climatologists about the stability of 
tropical climates. More importantly for the purposes of our discussion, 
substantial warming has been measured in tropical oceans. 
 
"The 1980's were the warmest decade on record, and this was primarily 
because temperatures rose in the tropics. ... The tropical ocean  
temperatures were between 0.25 and 0.75 C warmer [from 1981 to 1990] 
compared with 1951 to 1980. Since 1976, the eastern tropical Pacific has 
been more than 0.5 C warmer than in the previous decades" 
 
I have also got some material which explains why high water temperatures 
adversely affect coral reefs: 
 
"Because reef-building corals are dependant on their plant partners, they 
need shallow, sunlit waters for photosynthesis to occur most rapidly. These 
conditions are also essential for the successful deposition of the 
corallite by the coral polyp. The optimum temperature for this to take 
place is between 26 C and 27 C (79 F and 81 F). Once the temperature falls 
below 23 C (73 F) or rises above 29 C (84 F), the rate of calcification 
rapidly decreases and the forces of erosion overwhelm those of growth and 
repair. Prolonged temperature changes therefore spell doom for a reef. ... 
   There is another ominous threat to reefs connected with rising sea 
temperatures that has recently come to light. Coral colonies have been 
known to occasionally lose their zooxanthellae. The ability of the 
zooxanthellae to produce oxygen by photosynthesis increases with 
temperature. It appears that if the zooxanthellae produce too much oxygen 
during photosynthesis, then toxic by-products result that are damaging to 
the tissues of the coral polyp. Thus, the zooxanthellae may be lost through 
the damaged wall of the polyp back into the ocean. The coral colony turns 
brilliant white as it now lacks any pigmentation. The process is known as 
coral bleaching. Close inspection of a bleached coral colony at night will 
reveal that coral polyps are still present, but transparent. Such a coral 
may recover by obtaining new zooxanthellae from the surrounding water but 
it is more likely, however, that it will die. 
   Outbreaks of coral bleaching have been recorded world-wide and cover 
enormous tracts of reef. At least three major occurrances since 1979 have 
been reported by researchers. Particularly alarming is the fact that 
episodes of bleaching coincide with either the hottest season for that 
area, or unusually hot conditions due to other factors." - Reef, pp 31 & 
58-59, Jeremy Stafford-Deitsch, Headline 1991. 
 
So unusually high temperatures have two effects on corals. At temperatures 
above 29 C corals growth is no longer fast enough to keep up with erosion, 
and at temperatures substantially higher than the coral is used to, oxygen 
damage and coral bleaching occur. Recent research has confirmed that 
high water temperatures are the primary cause of coral bleaching: 
 
"Major outbreaks of "bleaching" of coral reefs in the past decade were 
almost always caused by unusually high sea temperatures, probably linked 
to global warming, according to the first global study of the phenomenon. 
... Goreau, who is president of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, and his 
colleague, Raymond Hayes, former chairman of marine sciences at the 
University of the Virgin Islands, discerned a rising tide of coral 
bleaching between 1983 and 1991. They compared its incidence with satellite 
data on average ocean temperatures (Ambio, vol 23, p176). 
   In 1983, coral was bleached throughout the Pacific, from the Java Sea 
to Costa Rica. Bleaching was widespread in the Caribbean in 1987, and 
recurred every year until 1990 - a year of record temperatures and 
bleaching in the Gulf region of Oman. Bleaching was again widespread in the 
Pacific in 1991, from Thailand to Polynesia. 
   Bleaching occurs in all waters, from the warmest that can sustain coral 
reefs to the coldest. Goreau and Hayes found that the effect is triggered 
not by any specific temperature, but by anomalous warming locally. 
Bleaching invariably followed the warmest period ever recorded in an area. 
The threshold appeared to be a monthly mean more than 1 C higher than the 
long-term average. "Above [that temperature] bleaching always took place," 
say the researchers, "and below it did not." 
   Most bleaching in the Pacific occurred in 1983, 1987 and 1991, when 
changes in ocean circulation - known as El Nino events - caused warmer 
water than usual to spread across the tropical Pacific. However, El Nino 
is unlikely to have caused the bleaching in the Caribbean, where the two 
researchers say that a strong warming trend persisted throughout the 
1980s." - A paler shade of coral... New Scientist 11/6/94, p19. 
 
I have been collecting the CAC ENSO indices for the last year and a bit. 
These include the monthly average temperatures for various sectors of the  
Pacific. Here are the Nino 4 and Ship Track 6 figures which refer to 
temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. 
 
                             Anomaly  SST(C) 
mar 94 
 Nino 4                        0.2   (28.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.4) 
apr 94 
 Nino 4                        0.3   (28.6) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.5) 
may 94 
 Nino 4                        0.6   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.0) 
Jun 94 
 Nino 4                        0.6   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.0) 
Jul 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.3) 
Aug 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.1   (29.4) 
sep 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.6   (29.7) 
oct 94 
 Nino 4                        1.1   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.5   (29.6) 
nov 94 
 Nino 4                        1.2   (29.5) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.5   (29.8) 
Dec 94 
 Nino 4                        1.3   (29.5) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.9   (30.1) 
  (the procedure for calculating the indices was changed at this point) 
Jan 95  
 Nino 4                        1.1   (29.2) 
Feb 95 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.0) 
Mar 95 
 Nino 4                        0.2   (28.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.4) 
Apr 95 
 Nino 4                        0.5   (28.8) 
 Ship Track 6                  0.5   (28.9) 
May 95 
 Nino 4                        0.5   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6                  0.5   (29.2) 
 
>From these figures you can see that 29 C was exceeded for most of the period 
covered, and for several months the temperature anomaly was greater than 1 C.  
>From here it would appear that the "global warming hypothesis" (your words 
not mine) has a lot going for it. 
 
>         The idea that Acropora species are endangered by a combination of  
> factors that synergistically damage this genus is more convincing to me.  
 
For scientific or aesthetic reasons? 
 
> What about A reticularis and A hyacinthus in trhe Pacific? 
 
Judging by the figures above, I would imagine that they are in pretty bad 
shape. Anyone care to comment? 
 
>         Bu the way, in Florida I am not so sure that A cervicornis is  
> threatened more than palmata, but no studies, just observation. Thanks to  
> all who posted on this subject. 
>  
>  
> Ray McAllister, Prof (Emeritus) Ocean Eng., FAU, Boca Raton, FL 33064 
> Diving Dinosaur, Geologist/Oceanographer/Ocean Engineer, 43 years SCUBA 
> mcallist@gate.net (305) 426-0808, Author Diving Locations, Boynton/Dania 
>  
>  
>  
 
--  
Hugh Easton                             <hugh@daflight.demon.co.uk> 

From hendee@wave Thu Jun 22 13:48:04 1995
Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 13:48:03 -0400 (EDT)
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@wave>
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov
Subject: Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950622134600.26137A-100000@wave>
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Welcome to the Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server!

	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements pertaining to
coral reef health and monitoring throughout the world.  Appropriate
subjects for discussion might include: 

	o  bleaching events
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases
	o  high predation on coral reefs
	o  environmental monitoring sites
	o  incidences of coral spawnings
	o  shipwrecks on reefs
	o  international meetings and symposia
	o  funding opportunities
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	o  marine sanctuary news
	o  new coral-related publications
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology
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	Louis Florit
	Philippe Dubosq
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 17:38:32 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 17:35:19 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: Herschel Hochman <val@carbon.marine.usf.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: remote sensing 
In-Reply-To: <199506222003.QAA10085@carbon.marine.usf.edu> 
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Yes, because we realize the importance of remote sensing, we have included 
daily AVHRR satellite images of the Florida Keys Nationall Marine 
Sanctuary region at our Coral Health and Monitoring Home Page, 
http://coral.aoml.erl.gov.  We still need a little work on the color, but 
that should be corrected soon.  
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
On Thu, 22 Jun 1995, Herschel Hochman wrote: 
 
> Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 16:03:45 -0400 
> From: Herschel Hochman <val@carbon.marine.usf.edu> 
> To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
> Cc: val@carbon.marine.usf.edu 
> Subject: remote sensing 
>  
> An important topic and one which is may become a valued resource is 
> remote sensing as applied to reef ecology. As optical sensors become 
> more sophisticated and more spectral bands are added to the sensors, 
> satellites and airplane overflights will be able to detect 
> differences in patterns created by the changing reef as well as the 
> overlying water color. There is probably significant work going on 
> in this area as we speak. 
>  
> Herschel Hochman 
>  
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 22:01:00 1995 
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Encoding: 962 Text 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Crown-of-thorns Starfish 
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     In the last 18 months I have received reports of increasing  
     crown-of-thorns starfish (COTS) numbers on quite a few Indo-Pacific  
     reefs from South Africa, Red Sea, Cocos (Keelings), northern Great  
     Barrier Reef, Malaysia, Indonesia, Fiji, Phillipines, Solomons and  
     Samoa.  Most of the reports are qualitative, but a number of the  
     population increases are sufficiently large to cause local concern and  
     warrant control efforts by managers and tourism operators.  
      
     The apparent synchrony of these population increases across oceanic  
     scales is interesting in terms of outbreak causality.  More detailed  
     quantitative information on the current (and historical) status of  
     COTS populations in the Indo-Pacific region would be extremely useful. 
      
     Any such information gratefully received. 
      
     Brian Lassig 
     COTS Program Coordinator, GBRMPA 
     brianl@gbrmpa.gov.au 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 15:29:03 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 09:08:01 +22305714 (HST) 
From: Pacific Science Assn <psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org> 
Subject: Researchers Directory 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Update of Coral Reef Researchers Directory 
 
The Directory of Coral Reef Researchers of the Pacific is being updated to 
be world-wide in scope.  The International Coral Reef Initiative and the 
South Pacific Regional Environment Programme are providing funds to 
support this effort.  All researchers who have previously been contacted 
will receive a copy of the current entry for verification and e-mail 
address addition.  Additional researchers will receive original 
questionnaires.  Since questionnaires will be sent out in July and August 
of this year, a final draft is anticipated to be completed by the time of 
the International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama in June 1996.  In 
addition, it is planned to have this directory on an internet gopher.  For 
further information contact:  L. G. Eldredge, Pacific Science Association, 
P.O. Box 17801, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817 [TEL (808) 848-4139; FAX (808) 
847-8252; Internet:  psa@bishop.bishop.hawaii.org] 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 14:57:15 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 14:53:27 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: ENCORE Experiment 
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The following was received from Professor Tony Larkum  
(alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au) for inclusion in the Coral Health and  
Monitoring List-Server: 
 
============================================================== 
 
"ENCORE, The Effect of Nutrient Enrichment of Coral Reefs and the Programme 
of Prof Larkum (School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney). 
 
        The amount of phosphorus and nitrogen pouring onto the Great 
Barrier Reef from rivers and drainage off the land is now ten fold what it 
was fifty years ago.  The major source is intensive agriculture with lesser 
contributions from sewage effluent and industry/urbanisation.  In other 
parts of the world coral reefs have been degraded by effluent from such 
sources.  Nutrients are high on the list of agents which may have caused 
this effect.  The conventional thinking is that natural algae grow faster 
in the presence of added nutrients (N+P) and that they then overgrow and 
smother the coral and other animals of a typical coral reef leading 
eventually to the disappearance of coral and the formation of an algal 
reef. 
        There is no consensus at the moment that the increased levels of 
nutrient (N+P) on the Great Barrier Reef are at levels that may cause 
concern or even that nutrients are the causal agent in decline of coral 
reefs elsewhere, eg Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii; Philippines, Thailand. 
Nevertheless nutrients must be building up in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon 
and this poses a potential threat to the GBR and its $1.4 billion 
contribution to the Gross Nationa Product. 
        To answer the questions arising from the previous discussion an in 
situ reef fertilisation experiment is being undertaken on the Australian 
Great Barrier Reef (at One Tree Island), to investigate the response of 
coral reefs to nutrient enrichment.  This experiment, known as ENCORE, was 
designed by Prof Larkum (University of Sydney) and Mr. Andy Steven (GBRMPA) 
to quantify the fate of nitrogen and phosphorus within a coral reef, and 
compare their impact on a variety of coral reef organisms.  Coordinated by 
the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville (GBRMPA), 30 
scientists from 8 Australian and 3 overseas organisations are undertaking 
research encompassing cellular through to community level responses. 
This research will provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate 
water quality management strategies in coral reef environments, and may 
identify a number of sub-lethal indicators of nutrient stress. 
        Nine robots have been built and deployed in natural shallow pools 
(microatolls) in the main lagoon at One Tree Reef.  At each low tide these 
robots squirt a dose of pollution (N or P or N+P) into the pool.  The 
following organisms are being studied in detail: a range of typical corals, 
clams, sponges, fish, bacteria, and algae. 
        The results to the present time are surprising in that they show a 
direct effect on coral growth and reproduction and on the growth of clams. 
Most surprising is the lack of effect on the microscopic algae which are 
generally considered to feed the animals of the reef.  It seems that under 
the conditions at One Tree (and maybe generally on coral reefs) they are 
not limited by nutrients.  The rates of primary production that have been 
measured are at the upper range for any known alga and therefore it is 
likely that the algae are limited by inorganic carbon supply rather than by 
nutrients.  Nutrient recycling within the epilithic algal community is 
probably adequate to supply the N and P needs of these algae.  Addition of 
nutrients to these algae in tanks has not increased primary productivity. 
Protection of the algae from grazing has also not enhanced productivity - 
supporting the contention that the algae are limited by carbon supply.  In 
the longer term the biomass and possibly the primary productivity are 
limited by grazing, particularly by grazing fish.  However the levels of 
nutrients that have been discharged into the pools over the last year are 
very low.  As a result it has been decided to treble the loading in 1995. 
Under these conditions (the same concentration as before but delivered in 
three injections 30 min apart) it is expected that there will be a response 
of the microscopic algae in the form of a community shift whereby certain 
green algae will dominate and grow excessively.  However this has to be put 
to the test. 
        Funding for ENCORE is at two levels.  The GBRMPA (Great Barrier 
Reef Marine Park Authority) funds the infrastructure of the project and 
supports a minimal amount of research.  Individual researchers are mainly 
dependent therefore on grants that they can attract from funding bodies. 
Prof.  Larkum had an Australian Research Council grant for his work from 
1992-94. 
 
Detailed Results on the algae to the present time 
 
The algae referred to as EAC are the epilithic algal community (which we 
study on year-old dead Porites blocks).  These have shown no response in 
any of the experimental atolls to added nutrients.  At first we thought 
that this was due to the effect of severe grazing, but we found the same 
effect when we caged the blocks for two weeks.  We then thought that the 
levels of added nutrients might be so low that this was the reason for no 
effect.  So we bathed the blocks in ten-fold nutrient concentrations for 
24-48 hours.  This was done both with our respirometers and the "Cheshire" 
respirometer.  Still we got no effect.  So we have to conclude that the EAC 
is not nutrient limited in the lagoon at One Tree.  (We have repeated this 
at several seasons so it is not a seasonal effect -although Hatcher and 
Larkum 1983 did detect a small effect in Spring, and it is possible that 
this does occur and we missed it). 
        No inhibition of growth of crustose coralline algae - Lithothamnion 
and Lithophyllum spp. has been found. 
        My group has not been studying the macroalgae.  These are not 
common inside the microatolls but do occur on the outside rims of the 
microatolls - particularly at the moment Laurencia spp.  Ed Drew and Bill 
Dennison have been studying effects of nutrients on these.  Bill claims to 
have found a definite stimulation of growth and Ed a non-statistical 
stimulation. 
        Note that this update has concentrated on the free-living micro- 
and macro-algae.  Of course, corals and many other animals of coral reefs, 
have symbiotic zooxanthellae.  We are not studying these algae, but many 
other workers are and particularly Drs. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg and  Assoc. 
Prof. D. Yellowlees of the ENCORE Project.  In general past work seems to 
suggest that increased nitrogen causes an increased gowth of the 
zooxanthellae.  This increased growth may adversely affect the growth of 
corals.  Current research in the ENCORE Project is directed towards testing 
this hypothesis 
 
Reference. 
 
Larkum, A.W.D. and Steven, A.D.L 1994.  ENCORE (The effect of nutrient 
enrichment on a coral reef). 1. Experimental design and research programme. 
Mar. Pollut. Bull. 29, 112-120 
 
A.W.D. Larkum 
Professor of Plant Sciences, 
School of Biological Sciences, 
University of Sydney, 
NSW 2006 
 
tel (02) 351 2069 
fax (02) 351 4771 
email alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au" 
 
 
Prof Tony Larkum 
Sydney University 
alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au 
Ph (02) 692 2069 
Fax (02) 692 4771 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jun 21 08:46:50 1995 
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To: hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV 
From: majordomo@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Welcome to coral_reef_list 
Reply-To: majordomo@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Status: RO 
X-Status: A 
 
-- 
 
Welcome to the coral_reef_list mailing list! 
 
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Here's the general information for the list you've 
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ease the dissimination of relevant information through e-mail facilities. 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 14:05:40 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 13:48:03 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server 
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Welcome to the Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server! 
 
	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to 
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements pertaining to 
coral reef health and monitoring throughout the world.  Appropriate 
subjects for discussion might include:  
 
	o  bleaching events 
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases 
	o  high predation on coral reefs 
	o  environmental monitoring sites 
	o  incidences of coral spawnings 
	o  shipwrecks on reefs 
	o  international meetings and symposia 
	o  funding opportunities 
	o  job openings in coral research 
	o  marine sanctuary news 
	o  new coral-related publications 
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology 
	o  coral health initiatives 
	o  new and historical data availability 
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology 
	o  recent reports on coral research 
	o  new coral-related journals 
 
 
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	We hope you enjoy the list! 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	Louis Florit 
	Philippe Dubosq 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 15:06:55 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 15:00:12 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Ocean Warming and Coral Health 
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The following was originally posted under the news group  
sci.geo.oceanography by Dr. Hugh Easton in response to Dr. Ray  
McAllister, and is re-posted here for information and comment. 
 
============================================== 
In article <Pine.A32.3.91.950604144824.7461D-100000@seminole.gate.net> 
           mcallist@gate.net "Ray McAllister" writes: 
 
> Josh, your analysis is much more believable to me than the global warming  
> hypothesis. So far we have no definitive evidence for ocean warming and  
> may have to wait till ATOC to get anytrhing dependable.  
 
That is no longer true, at least according to an article, "Drying out the 
tropics", in the 6 May issue of New Scientist. Apparently there has been a  
recent shift in thinking among climatologists about the stability of 
tropical climates. More importantly for the purposes of our discussion, 
substantial warming has been measured in tropical oceans. 
 
"The 1980's were the warmest decade on record, and this was primarily 
because temperatures rose in the tropics. ... The tropical ocean  
temperatures were between 0.25 and 0.75 C warmer [from 1981 to 1990] 
compared with 1951 to 1980. Since 1976, the eastern tropical Pacific has 
been more than 0.5 C warmer than in the previous decades" 
 
I have also got some material which explains why high water temperatures 
adversely affect coral reefs: 
 
"Because reef-building corals are dependant on their plant partners, they 
need shallow, sunlit waters for photosynthesis to occur most rapidly. These 
conditions are also essential for the successful deposition of the 
corallite by the coral polyp. The optimum temperature for this to take 
place is between 26 C and 27 C (79 F and 81 F). Once the temperature falls 
below 23 C (73 F) or rises above 29 C (84 F), the rate of calcification 
rapidly decreases and the forces of erosion overwhelm those of growth and 
repair. Prolonged temperature changes therefore spell doom for a reef. ... 
   There is another ominous threat to reefs connected with rising sea 
temperatures that has recently come to light. Coral colonies have been 
known to occasionally lose their zooxanthellae. The ability of the 
zooxanthellae to produce oxygen by photosynthesis increases with 
temperature. It appears that if the zooxanthellae produce too much oxygen 
during photosynthesis, then toxic by-products result that are damaging to 
the tissues of the coral polyp. Thus, the zooxanthellae may be lost through 
the damaged wall of the polyp back into the ocean. The coral colony turns 
brilliant white as it now lacks any pigmentation. The process is known as 
coral bleaching. Close inspection of a bleached coral colony at night will 
reveal that coral polyps are still present, but transparent. Such a coral 
may recover by obtaining new zooxanthellae from the surrounding water but 
it is more likely, however, that it will die. 
   Outbreaks of coral bleaching have been recorded world-wide and cover 
enormous tracts of reef. At least three major occurrances since 1979 have 
been reported by researchers. Particularly alarming is the fact that 
episodes of bleaching coincide with either the hottest season for that 
area, or unusually hot conditions due to other factors." - Reef, pp 31 & 
58-59, Jeremy Stafford-Deitsch, Headline 1991. 
 
So unusually high temperatures have two effects on corals. At temperatures 
above 29 C corals growth is no longer fast enough to keep up with erosion, 
and at temperatures substantially higher than the coral is used to, oxygen 
damage and coral bleaching occur. Recent research has confirmed that 
high water temperatures are the primary cause of coral bleaching: 
 
"Major outbreaks of "bleaching" of coral reefs in the past decade were 
almost always caused by unusually high sea temperatures, probably linked 
to global warming, according to the first global study of the phenomenon. 
... Goreau, who is president of the Global Coral Reef Alliance, and his 
colleague, Raymond Hayes, former chairman of marine sciences at the 
University of the Virgin Islands, discerned a rising tide of coral 
bleaching between 1983 and 1991. They compared its incidence with satellite 
data on average ocean temperatures (Ambio, vol 23, p176). 
   In 1983, coral was bleached throughout the Pacific, from the Java Sea 
to Costa Rica. Bleaching was widespread in the Caribbean in 1987, and 
recurred every year until 1990 - a year of record temperatures and 
bleaching in the Gulf region of Oman. Bleaching was again widespread in the 
Pacific in 1991, from Thailand to Polynesia. 
   Bleaching occurs in all waters, from the warmest that can sustain coral 
reefs to the coldest. Goreau and Hayes found that the effect is triggered 
not by any specific temperature, but by anomalous warming locally. 
Bleaching invariably followed the warmest period ever recorded in an area. 
The threshold appeared to be a monthly mean more than 1 C higher than the 
long-term average. "Above [that temperature] bleaching always took place," 
say the researchers, "and below it did not." 
   Most bleaching in the Pacific occurred in 1983, 1987 and 1991, when 
changes in ocean circulation - known as El Nino events - caused warmer 
water than usual to spread across the tropical Pacific. However, El Nino 
is unlikely to have caused the bleaching in the Caribbean, where the two 
researchers say that a strong warming trend persisted throughout the 
1980s." - A paler shade of coral... New Scientist 11/6/94, p19. 
 
I have been collecting the CAC ENSO indices for the last year and a bit. 
These include the monthly average temperatures for various sectors of the  
Pacific. Here are the Nino 4 and Ship Track 6 figures which refer to 
temperatures in the equatorial Pacific. 
 
                             Anomaly  SST(C) 
mar 94 
 Nino 4                        0.2   (28.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.4) 
apr 94 
 Nino 4                        0.3   (28.6) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.5) 
may 94 
 Nino 4                        0.6   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.0) 
Jun 94 
 Nino 4                        0.6   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.0) 
Jul 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (29.3) 
Aug 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.1   (29.4) 
sep 94 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.6   (29.7) 
oct 94 
 Nino 4                        1.1   (29.4) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.5   (29.6) 
nov 94 
 Nino 4                        1.2   (29.5) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.5   (29.8) 
Dec 94 
 Nino 4                        1.3   (29.5) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)    1.9   (30.1) 
  (the procedure for calculating the indices was changed at this point) 
Jan 95  
 Nino 4                        1.1   (29.2) 
Feb 95 
 Nino 4                        1.0   (29.0) 
Mar 95 
 Nino 4                        0.2   (28.3) 
 Ship Track 6 (Hawaii-Fiji)          (28.4) 
Apr 95 
 Nino 4                        0.5   (28.8) 
 Ship Track 6                  0.5   (28.9) 
May 95 
 Nino 4                        0.5   (29.1) 
 Ship Track 6                  0.5   (29.2) 
 
>From these figures you can see that 29 C was exceeded for most of the period 
covered, and for several months the temperature anomaly was greater than 1 C.  
>From here it would appear that the "global warming hypothesis" (your words 
not mine) has a lot going for it. 
 
>         The idea that Acropora species are endangered by a combination of  
> factors that synergistically damage this genus is more convincing to me.  
 
For scientific or aesthetic reasons? 
 
> What about A reticularis and A hyacinthus in trhe Pacific? 
 
Judging by the figures above, I would imagine that they are in pretty bad 
shape. Anyone care to comment? 
 
>         Bu the way, in Florida I am not so sure that A cervicornis is  
> threatened more than palmata, but no studies, just observation. Thanks to  
> all who posted on this subject. 
>  
>  
> Ray McAllister, Prof (Emeritus) Ocean Eng., FAU, Boca Raton, FL 33064 
> Diving Dinosaur, Geologist/Oceanographer/Ocean Engineer, 43 years SCUBA 
> mcallist@gate.net (305) 426-0808, Author Diving Locations, Boynton/Dania 
>  
>  
>  
 
--  
Hugh Easton                             <hugh@daflight.demon.co.uk> 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 15:08:54 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 15:08:53 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Louis Florit <florit@wave.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: replying to keep the discussion going 
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As a side note to all the coral-list subscribers- When you reply to a 
post, reply to all recipients, so that all the list also gets the reply 
and others can comment on your post. 
 
Lou 
 
Louis Florit                               Tel:  (305)361-4293 
U.S. Department of Commerce NOAA / AOML 
4301 Rickenbacker Causeway 
Miami, FL 33149 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 22 16:05:37 1995 
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Date: Thu, 22 Jun 1995 16:03:45 -0400 
From: Herschel Hochman <val@carbon.marine.usf.edu> 
Message-Id: <199506222003.QAA10085@carbon.marine.usf.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: remote sensing 
Cc: val@carbon.marine.usf.edu 
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An important topic and one which is may become a valued resource is 
remote sensing as applied to reef ecology. As optical sensors become 
more sophisticated and more spectral bands are added to the sensors, 
satellites and airplane overflights will be able to detect 
differences in patterns created by the changing reef as well as the 
overlying water color. There is probably significant work going on 
in this area as we speak. 
 
Herschel Hochman 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jun 23 11:35:39 1995 
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Date: Fri, 23 Jun 1995 11:30:42 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Daily C-MAN data availability 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950623110420.8483I-100000@wave> 
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	Meteorlogical and oceanographic data are now available 
daily from the National Data Buoy Center's C-MAN 
(Coastal-Marine Automated Network) stations in the Florida 
Keys, via our Coral Health and Monitoring Home Page at: 
 
	(http://coral.aoml.erl.gov) 
 
	The data will be posted at approximately 4:45 am EST 
(USA) every morning, and will contain data for every hour on 
the hour, for the previous 72 hours.  The sites covered are:  
 
	Fowey Rocks 
	Molasses Reef 
	Sombrero Key 
	Long Key 
	Sand Key 
	Dry Tortugas 
 
 
	The C-MAN bulletins have the most common parameters 
listed; however, we will soon be re-configuring the bulletins 
to include more data, for instance, relative tide level.  The 
Florida Keys C-MAN buoys have been enhanced for oceanographic 
data collection (salinity, sea temperatures at different 
depths, and photosynthetically active radiation) by the Florida 
Institute of Oceanography (FIO).  Standard meteorological 
parameters measured inlcude air temperature, wind speed and 
direction, wind gusts, and barometric pressure.  These sites 
are maintained by Chris Humphrey and John Dotten at FIO's Keys 
Marine Laboratory on Long Key in the Florida Keys. You may 
contact them directly at (305) 664-9101, if you wish more  
information concerning the C-MAN stations.  
 
	Other sites posted are: 
 
	Conch Reef Wave Buoy (in the Florida Keys) 
	Settlement Point, Grand Bahama Island 
	Micronesia (Eniwetok, Kosrea, Mili and Ulithi Atoll) 
 
 
	Please be advised that these oceanographic data are 
PREMLIMINARY data and have not been screened for accuracy.  
NOAA and FIO can not be held liable for use of these data in a 
manner other than for perusal of preliminary oceanographic data 
for scientific research on coral reefs.  
 
	Historical data from the C-MAN stations will soon be  
made available. 
 
	If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to  
contact me. 
 
	Many thanks for your interest. 
 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
|  James C. Hendee              | Internet:     hendee@aoml.erl.gov | 
|  Coral Health and             |                                   | 
|    Monitoring Program         | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
|  Ocean Chemistry Division     | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
|  NOAA/AOML                    | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
|  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway   |                                   | 
|  Miami, FL  33149-1026        | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jun 23 17:16:05 1995 
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Date: Fri, 23 Jun 1995 17:09:14 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Lowered salinity in Florida Bay 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950623165624.21598A-100000@wave> 
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    Those of you studying the influence of high salinity and high 
temperature water from Florida Bay on the survival of coral reefs along 
the Florida Straits may find it interesting to follow the salinities and 
temperatures reported from the Long Key C-MAN station (the only station in 
Florida Bay) and those on the oceanic side of the Florida Keys, such as 
Molasses Reef, Sombrero Reef, Sand Key and Dry Tortugas over the next 
couple of days.  There has been over 11 inches of rain fallen over south 
Florida, the Everglades and Florida Bay over the last 72 hours, and the 
salinities have dropped in Florida Bay correspondingly.  There may be a 
drop in salinities on the oceanic side, maybe not.  Any unusual biological 
events witnessed by divers, boaters or scientists (!) in the area would be 
of value.  Current C-MAN postings may be followed at 
http://coral.aoml.erl.gov/cman/cman_menu.html if you're interested. 
Historical oceanographic data for the region will be available soon.  
These data will contain, for some stations, salinities and temperatures at 
1 meter, 2 meters and 3 meters deep.  
  
    Jim Hendee 
    (hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov) 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jun 23 17:07:42 1995 
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Date: Sat, 24 Jun 1995 07:12:17 +0000 (WET) 
From: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu> 
Subject: Re: Coral Health and Monitoring List-Server 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950622134600.26137A-100000@wave> 
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Dear Dr. Hendee: 
 
Thanks for including me on your mailing list.  I am sharing all the ino  
with my colleagues at the marine lab in Guam. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Chuck Birkeland 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jun 26 10:45:16 1995 
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Date: Mon, 26 Jun 1995 10:48:31 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, Dean Milliken <milliken@marine.usf.edu>, 
        Sandy Vargo <svargo@marine.usf.edu> 
Subject: Re: Lowered salinity in Florida Bay 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950623165624.21598A-100000@wave> 
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All of you who find the data from the Keys C-MAN stations useful, please  
let us know.  We are in an end game to save the stations and need all of  
the arguments that we can muster. 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jun 28 07:52:59 1995 
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Date: Wed, 28 Jun 1995 07:50:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Health Abstracts 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950628074007.2278A-100000@wave> 
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Greetings, 
 
	Perci Greenberg has re-constructed our Coral Health literature 
abstracts compendium to include indexing by subject (e.g., coral 
bleaching, black-band disease, etc.), as well as by author.  You may visit 
the page at URL:  http://coral.aoml.erl.gov/bib/abstracts2.html if you're 
interested.  Please note that we need to update the abstracts for more 
recent literature, so if you have published any papers on coral health and 
would like your abstracts cited, please forward them to us at your 
convenience.  
 
	Many thanks. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
|  James C. Hendee              | Internet:     hendee@aoml.erl.gov | 
|  Coral Health and             |                                   | 
|    Monitoring Program         | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
|  Ocean Chemistry Division     | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
|  NOAA/AOML                    | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
|  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway   |                                   | 
|  Miami, FL  33149-1026        | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Sat Jun 28 10:07:19 1995 
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From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
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Date: Wed, 28 Jun 1995 22:01:13 +0800 
Message-Id: <199506281401.AA02254@is1.hk.super.net> 
Subject: Another unusual year in Asia 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Last year in Hong Kong and southern China, we had a 100 year record rainfall  
and flooding of the Pearl River. Through a complex pathway, this resulted in a  
major hypoxia event that killed most hard corals below about 3 m depth in  
coastal embayments. The documented area affected exceeds 200 sq kilometres. 
 
 
This summer, we have had a 100 year record dry May. The lack of clouds and  
rain has undoubtedly helped to warm up the sea in this part of Asia. Large  
sharks, very uncommon in Hong Kong, have come in close to shore and there have  
been three fatal shark attacks within two weeks. 
 
The southwest monsoon rains have finally arrived and it will be interesting to  
see if we have a repeat hypoxia and mass mortality event again in July. 
 
Gregor Hodgson 
Binnie Consultants Ltd 
Hong Kong 
Fax (852) 2601-3331 
e-mail gregorh@hk.super.net 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jun 28 15:45:41 1995 
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From: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu 
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To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@manoa.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: PAR data 
Status: RO 
X-Status: A 
 
Jim:  Thanks for your help with the PAR data.  Is there anything we can do 
to help get it together?  I have a question about the units of measurement 
of the PAR (surface) data that are included in the in your page C-man data 
sets:  the values seem low if they are uEin /m2/sec (full sunlight is >2000 
with a flat cosine collector).  Do you know what kind of sensor they are 
(spherical or cosine; sperical values are usually even higher than cosine) 
and whether the units are in quanta, Watts etc?  Again, thanks, 
 
Alina 
***************************************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
RSMAS-MBF, University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
Tel:  (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 
e-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jun 28 17:39:44 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de (Reinhold Leinfelder) 
Subject: Reefs and Silics 
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CALL FOR PRESENTATION ON EFFECTS/ECOLOGIC ADAPTIONS OF REEF ORGANISMS TO 
TERRIGENEOUS INFLUX AT 'REEFS AND SILICS' ON OCCASION OF THE 8TH ICRS IN 
PANAMA 96 
 
All of you are aware of the 8th ICRS next June in Panama. Some of you might 
have noticed that Bob Ginsburg and myself are preparing a 
session/subsymposium on "Reefs and Carbonate Platforms within Siliciclastic 
Settings. Modern and Ancient" on this occasion. We are trying to integrate 
geological and ecological aspects as well as linking ancient and modern 
examples. 
 
Response for our call for presentations was great regarding modern case 
studies in a more geological context. We could need some additional 
examples on fossil counterparts as well as on ECOLOGIC STUDIES ON MODERN OR 
ANCIENT REEF ORGANISMS. How do the corals and other organisms react on 
elevated sedimentation rates, elevated nutrients? In which way do 
communities shift? Would anything of this be noticeable in the fossil 
record (functional morphology?). 
 
To our knowledge, Hubbard 1973 and Hubbard & Pocock 1972, are still the 
most frequently cited publications. We are however certain that a lot of 
additional information particularly among reef biologists is available. 
Biologists, how about contributing with your knowledge to the better 
understanding of both modern and ancient reefs? If you are ready to present 
a poster or talk at the "reef and silics" session, please contact one of us 
at your earliest convenience. 
 
Reinhold Leinfelder, Stuttgart, Germany 
<reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de> 
Robert Ginsburg, Miami, USA <ginsburg@rcf.rsmas.miami.edu> 
 
******************************************* 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart 
Herdweg 51 
D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany 
e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
phone: ++49-711-1211340 
fax: ++49-711-1211341 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 29 08:34:52 1995 
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Date: Thu, 29 Jun 1995 08:30:24 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Research Institue 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950629082330.13430I-100000@wave> 
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The following was forwarded to me from Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg for inclusion  
in the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server. 
 
====================== 
 
Dear James, 
 
We have just formed the Coral Reef Research Institute at the University of 
Sydney.  The aim of this research institute is to link up university and 
allied researchers into a framework that can provide support and direction 
to programs specifically aimed at helping promoting research, education  
andawareness of problems facing coral reefs worldwide.  The primary focus of 
this institute in the beginning will be southern Great Barrier Reef and 
western Pacific coral reef realms but it is hoped that the CRRI will be  
ableto link with international efforts such as yours. 
 
If you have any questions, please contact me immediately. 
 
Regards, 
 
Ove 
 
 RESEARCH INSTITUTE LAUNCHED TO SECURE FUTURE OF CORAL REEFS 
 
Sydney, NSW,  Monday July 3, 1995 
 
University of Sydney, in association with the Central Queensland University, 
will launch the Coral Reef Research Institute (CRRI).   This new institute 
is aimed at  promoting education, research and conservation of coral reefs 
and will be launched during the opening of the annual Australian Marine 
Science Association meetings at University of Technology, Sydney on Monday, 
July 3.  Renown diver, photographer and marine conservationist, Valorie 
Taylor, will offcially launch the new institute.  
 
The new institute has attracted some major scientists and scholars to its 
advisory council such as Sir David Attenborough, Robyn Williams, Professor 
Frank Talbot and Professor Michael Pitman (Chief Scientist of Australia), 
and is borne of concern for the declining health of the world's coral reefs. 
Increased nutrient levels and sediments in the waters surrounding coral 
reefs have been identified as major contributors to the decline of coral reefs. 
 
One of the prinicple assets of the new institute is the One Tree Island 
Research Station located at the southern end of the Great Barrier Reef. 
This research station along with its sister stations on Lizard, Heron and 
Orpheus Islands has played a key role in identifying the problems and 
solutions to the management of coral reefs.  The effective management of the 
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park has been reliant on quantifiable scientific 
evidence. Over the past 30 or so years, much of this valuable research has 
been undertaken on One Tree Island. 
 
One Tree Island Research Station is the only research facility that is 
wholly located within an exclusive Scientific Research Zone. This means its 
has vital significance as a sentinel of coral reef change occurring as a 
result of reef-associated human activities.  The Coral Reef Research 
Instiute will develop and expand this role and is expected to play a leading 
position in helping to preserve coral reefs, along with GBRMPA, the 
Australian Institute for Marine Scientists and the Cooperative Research 
Centre for Ecological Sustainable Development of the Great Barrier Reef in 
Townsville.  Although the new institute has the key support of people such 
as Sir David Attenborough and Robyn Williams, it is hoping to attract some 
major sponsors to help pursue its important agenda.   
 
******************** 
 
For further information please contact: 
 
The University of Sydney - 
 
Coral Reef Research Institute Director - Dr. Ove Hoegh-Guldberg - (02) 
351-2389, email oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au 
 
One Tree Island Deputy Director - Dr. Mike Kingsford - (02) 351 2440 
 
CRRI administration assistant, Brigid McKay - (02) 351-5636, Fax:  (02) 351-4119 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                              Ph:    (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences                   Fax:  (02) 351-4119  
Building A08                                           Country code 
Australia = 61 
University of Sydney 
2006 NSW Australia 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jun 29 12:26:54 1995 
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-0400 
Date: Thu, 29 Jun 1995 12:19:21 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Molasses Reef historical data 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950629120930.22050A-100000@wave> 
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National Data Buoy Center quality controlled historical data files for 
Molasses Reef in the Florida Keys are available for the following dates 
via our World-Wide Web site at  
http://coral.aoml.erl.gov/cman/cman_menu.html :  
 
 
      Dec 4, 1987 to Dec 31, 1987  
      Jan 1, 1988 to May 31, 1988  
      Jun 1, 1988 to Dec 31, 1988  
      Jan 1, 1989 to Jun 30, 1989  
      Jul 1, 1989 to Dec 31, 1989  
      Jan 1, 1990 to Mar 31, 1990  
      Apr 1, 1990 to Dec 31, 1990  
      Jan 1, 1991 to Feb 28, 1991 
 
 
The data represented are barometric pressure, air temperature, sea 
temperature, wind speed, wind direction, and wind gusts every hour, on the 
hour, every day.  We hope to have historical oceanographic data (other 
than sea temperature) available from the Florida Institute of Oceanography 
sensors soon, as well as more recently measured data.  
 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	hendee@aoml.erl.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 10 10:03:13 1995 
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Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 09:46:37 -0400 (EDT) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: New abstracts 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.950710094014.1046L-100000@wave> 
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I am hoping that circulating new abstracts of coral health research  
will help keep list members abreast of current research.  If you object  
to this, please let me know. 
 
If you have abstracts that are not on our Literatures Abstracts page,  
and would like them included, please drop a line.  If you can send an  
e-mail message with the information, that would be much more easier to  
work with than a printed copy. 
 
Following are two new abstracts added to the CH&M World-Wide Web Home Page. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
|  James C. Hendee              | Internet:     hendee@aoml.erl.gov | 
|  Coral Health and             |                                   | 
|    Monitoring Program         | Voice:        305 361-4380        | 
|  Ocean Chemistry Division     | Fax:          305 361-4582        | 
|  NOAA/AOML                    | COASTAL RBBS: 305 361-4524        | 
|  4301 Rickenbacker Causeway   |                                   | 
|  Miami, FL  33149-1026        | http://coral.aoml.erl.gov         | 
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+ 
 
======= 
 
 
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 1994. The uptake of dissolved organic matter by the 
larval stages of the crown-of-thorns starfish Acanthaster planci. Marine 
Biology 120:55-63. 
 
ABSTRACT. 
 
The life-history of the crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) 
includes a planktotrophic larva that is capable of feeding on 
particulate food.  It has been proposed, however, that particulate food 
(e.g. microalgae) is scarce in tropical water columns relative to the 
nutritional requirements of the larvae of A. planci, and that periodic 
shortages of food play an important role in the biology of this species.  
It has been also proposed that non-particulate sources of nutrition 
(e.g. dissolved organic matter, DOM) may fuel part of the nutritional 
requirements of the larval development of A. planci as well.  The 
present study addresses the ability of A. planci larvae to take up 
several DOM species and compares rates of DOM uptake to the energy 
requirements of the larvae.  Substrates transported in this study have 
been previously reported to be transported by larval asteroids from 
temperate and antarctic waters.  Transport rates (per larval A. planci) 
increased steadily during larval development and some substrates had 
among the highest mass-specific transport rates ever reported for 
invertebrate larvae.  Transport rates for alanine increased from 15.5 
pmol larva-1h-1 (13.2 pmol mg-1h-1) for gastrulas (Jinmax = 38.7 pmol 
larva-1h-1 or 47.4 pmol mg-1h-1 ) to 35.0 pmol larva-1h-1 (13.1 pmol 
mg-1h-1) for early brachiolaria (Jinmax just prior to settlement = 350.0 
pmol larva-1h-1 or 161.1 pmol mg-1h-1) at 1 mM substrate concentrations.  
The instantaneous metabolic demand for substrates by gastrula, 
bipinnaria and brachiolaria stage larvae could be completely satisfied 
by alanine concentrations of 11 mM, 1.6 mM and 0.8 mM respectively.  
Similar rates were measured in this study for the essential amino acid 
leucine, with rates increasing from 11.0 pmol larva-1h-1 (or 9.4 pmol 
5g-1h-1) for gastrulas (Jinmax = 110.5 pmol larva-1h-1 or 94.4 pmol 
5g-1h-1) to 34.0 pmol larva-1h-1 (or 13.0 pmol mg-1h-1) for late 
brachiolaria (Jinmax = 288.9 pmol larva-1h-1 or 110.3 pmol 5g-1h-1) at 1 
mM substrate concentrations.  The essential amino acid histidine was 
transported at lower rates (1.6 pmol 5g-1h-1 at 1 mM for late 
brachiolaria).  Calculation of the energy contribution of the 
transported species revealed that larvae of A. planci can potentially 
satisfy 0.6 %, 18.7%, 29.9% and 3.3% of their total energy requirements 
(instantaneous energy demand plus energy added to larvae as biomass) 
during embryonic and larval development from external concentrations of 
1 mM of glucose, alanine, leucine and histidine respectively.  These 
data demonstrate that a relatively minor component of the DOM pool in 
seawater (DFAA) can potentially provide significant amounts of energy 
for the growth and development of A. planci during larval development.  
 
 
------------- 
 
 
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. 1994. The population dynamics of symbiotic 
zooxanthellae in the coral Pocillopora damicornis exposed to elevated 
ammonia.  J. Pacific Science 48: 263-272.  
 
 
ABSTRACT  
 
The division synchrony and growth rate of symbiotic 
zooxanthellae was investigated for populations living in colonies of the 
reef-building coral Pocillopora damicornis exposed to different 
concentrations of NH4Cl in seawater.  The presence of low concentrations 
of NH4Cl (0.2 5M) did not affect (compared to corals growing in 
NH4+-stripped seawater) either division synchrony or growth rate.  
Exposure to higher concentrations of NH4Cl (20 mM or 50 5M), however, 
affected the population dynamics of the zooxanthellae residing in P. 
damicornis.  Zooxanthellae in corals exposed to 20 5M NH4Cl had mitotic 
indices (the percentage of the total cells dividing) that were two to 
three times higher than the mitotic indices of zooxanthellae in control 
(0.2 5M) corals.  Although the division of zooxanthellae was still 
phased in corals exposed to 20 5M NH4Cl, there were many more cells 
dividing out of phase as compared to control corals.  The division of 
zooxanthellae in corals exposed to 50 5M was not phased.  The calculated 
growth rates of zooxanthellae exposed to 20 5M or 50 5M NH4Cl were 
higher than those representative of zooxanthellae living in control 
corals, although the growth rate of both carbon and nitrogen pools were 
lower in 50 5M as compared to 20 5M NH4Cl.  These data support the 
conclusion that the population dynamics of symbiotic zooxanthellae 
within P. damicornis are affected by concentrations of NH4Cl in seawater 
that are equal to or higher than 20 5M, and that 50 5M NH4Cl 
concentrations may be toxic to some extent.  These data taken in 
isolation, however, do not constitute an effective test of the 
hypothesis that zooxanthellae are limited by the supply of NH4Cl under 
ambient conditions, and further emphasize the importance of enrichment 
studies concentrating on growth and nitrogen incorporation rates 
measured for the entire symbiotic association.  
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 10 12:04:40 1995 
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Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 11:52:12 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Two new coral bleaching abstracts 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950710114615.29393C-100000@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Following are two new coral bleaching abstracts added to the CH&M WWW site: 
 
 
Gleeson, M.W. and A. E. Strong, 1995: Applying MCSST to coral reef  
bleaching,  Adv. Space. Res., 16[10]: 151-154.            
                
ABSTRACT 
  
In the 1980s and early 1990s, coral reef bleaching events of unprecedented 
frequency and global extent were observed.  Elevated water temperature is 
suspected as the primary causal stress of mass bleaching events from this 
period.  The relationship between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and 
coral bleaching events was investigated using National Oceanic and 
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Multi-Channel Sea Surface Temperature 
(MCSST) satellite imagery from 1982-1992.  Nighttime MCSST weekly averages 
were compared with moored-buoy temperatures for sea-truthing the 
satellite.  Average errors from 11 individual buoy comparisons throughout 
the tropics were found to be approximately 0.5C.  Confirmed satellite SST 
data were applied to bleaching events at Bermuda (1988, 1991), Tahiti 
(1984, 1987, 1991), and Jamaica (1987, 1989, 1990), with a non- bleached 
site off Belize selected as control.  MCSST data showed elevated SSTs 
coincided with bleaching events both in onset and duration.  Bleaching 
thresholds were developed.  An MCSST Degree Heating Weeks (DHW) bleaching 
index was developed for the Belizean and Jamaican reef sites.  A 
cumulative heating stress of 26 DHW is proposed as the threshold for mass 
reef bleaching at Belize and Jamaica.  
  
 
========= 
 
Montgomery, R.S. and A.E. Strong, 1994: Coral Bleaching Threatens Ocean,  
Life. EOS 75[13]: 145-147. 
  
ABSTRACT [Intro] 
  
     People around the world depend on the resources provided by the ocean 
to support life. But global-scale damage to the coral reefs, a large and 
integral part of the ocean environment that supports a variety of sea 
life, is a frightening scenario that may unfold in the coming years.  
 
     Recently, a phenomenon called coral bleaching has raised concerns  
about the deteriorating conditions in the world's oceans and the  
implications for life on our planet. Coral bleaching occurs as coral  
tissue expels zooxanthellae, a symbiotic algae that resides in the  
structure of the coral and is essential to its survival. The widespread  
nature of the bleaching threatens the state of the environment. 
 
     The zooxanthellae, besides giving color to the otherwise white coral 
skeleton, produce carbon compounds that nourish the coral. In return, the 
coral provides the algae with a home inside its skeletal structure and 
nitrogen and phosphorous, which are essential for its survival [Brown and 
Ogden, 1993.].  
 
     This delicate symbiosis can be disrupted by several factors, and this 
causes the coral to expel the algae.  Disturbances such as extremes of 
temperature, hypersalinity, pollutants in the water, or changes in 
radiation flux cause coral bleaching. The correlation between high water 
temperatures and coral bleaching is of acute concern.  
 
     In the 1980s, many reefs including those near Easter Island, the 
Great Barrier Reef, and the coasts of Central America showed signs of 
bleaching.  
 
     More nottceable events occurred in 1983 near Panama and in 1987-1988 
in the Caribbean [Ghiild, 1990]. The Panama event is connected with the 
1982-1983 El Nino, which raised water temperatures in the area to above 
29C.  
 
     The Caribbean event, which lasted for 9 months, was associated with 
widespread bleaching in the reefs off Jamaica.  Water temperatures in the 
area were above 30C at the peak of the bleaching. This event in particular 
raised concerns about a possible link between coral bleaching, rising 
water temperatures, and global warming [Goreau et al., 1993].  
 
     The possibility that a recent warming trend in the world's oceans is 
responsible for the recent bleaching events merits further inquiry.  
Evidence favoring this hypothesis exists in oceanic and atmospheric 
physical data, but until such evidence is examined with known bleaching 
events, conclusions cannot be made.  
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 10 11:43:50 1995 
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Date: Mon, 10 Jul 1995 17:08:19 PDT 
From: James Nebelsick <epine01@uni-tuebingen.de> 
Subject: panama-taphonomy 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I am organizing a symposium for the forthcoming 8th International Coral 
Reef Symposium in Panama City, Panama, from the 24-29th of June 1996. The  
symposium is entitled "Taphonomy of past and present reef organisms" and  
I hope to include a wide range of current investigations concerning different  
taphonomic aspects of both past and present reef environments.  
While I have had some response from geologist or palaeontolgist working  
on recent reefs, it would be nice to have hear from biologist  
working on, for example, incrustation, predation, bioerosion, or any other  
aspects of taphonomy affecting organisms related to the reef environment. 
Investigations from geologist on fossil reefs are also welcome. 
If you are interested please contact me. 
Yours Sincerely, 
James Nebelsick 
 
Dr. James Nebelsick  
Institute and Museum of Geology  
and Palaeontology,  
Sigwartstr. 10;  
D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany  
Tel: xx49 7071 29 7546 
Fax: xx49 7071 29 6990 
email: nebelsick@uni-tuebingen.de 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jul 12 17:23:08 1995 
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Date: Wed, 12 Jul 1995 17:12:46 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: ICRI Framework for Action 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950712171152.1251A-100000@coral> 
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               International Coral Reef Initiative 
                      Framework For Action 
                          June 2, 1995 
 
 
                            PREAMBLE 
 
     Maintaining the biological diversity, condition, resources,  
and values of coral reefs and related ecosystems is a matter of  
global urgency.  While the majority of countries which have coral  
reefs are developing countries, there are many reefs in the  
waters of developed countries.   This unites the developed and  
developing countries and should command the attention of the  
international community.  Coral reef survival depends upon the  
world community acquiring and maintaining the knowledge and  
capacity to conserve and sustainably use coral reefs and related  
ecosystems.  This requires that all uses and impacts be brought  
within and maintained at levels which do not exceed these  
systems' natural capacity for production and regeneration. 
 
     The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) Workshop was  
held at Silliman University in Dumaguete City, Philippines in  
May, 1995 to enable countries, donors, development and funding  
agencies to work with coral reef managers, private sector  
representatives, non-governmental organisations and scientists to  
develop this Framework as a basis for achieving sustainable  
management of coral reefs and related ecosystems.   
 
     The ICRI Framework for Action  builds upon and reflects the  
principles and processes established by Agenda 21,  the UN  
Commission on Sustainable Development, the Convention on  
Biological Diversity, the UN Framework Convention on Climate  
Change,  the Global Conference on Sustainable Development of  
Small Island Developing States, the UN Convention on the Law of  
the Sea, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species  
of Wild Flora and Fauna, Global Program of Action to Protect the  
Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities and other relevant  
international programs.  It has been developed as a succinct  
statement which should be read and interpreted in light of these  
documents. 
 
     This Framework addresses the four elements of the ICRI Call  
to Action, which are: 
 
        o      management; 
        o      capacity building; 
        o      research and monitoring; and 
        o      review. 
 
 
 
                        FRAMEWORK PURPOSE 
 
     The purpose of this Framework for Action is to mobilise  
governments and the wide range of other stakeholders whose  
coordinated, vigorous and effective actions are required to  
implement the Call to Action.  
 
 
                           PRINCIPLES 
 
     The ICRI recognises the following principles: 
 
     Achieving the ICRI's purpose requires the full participation  
and commitment of governments, local communities, donors, NGOs,  
the private sector, resource users and scientists; therefore true  
partnerships, cooperation and collaboration exemplify the ICRI  
activities. 
 
     The over-riding priority is to support actions that will  
have tangible, positive and measurable effects on coral reefs and  
related ecosystems and on the well-being of the communities which  
depend upon them. 
 
     Human activities are the major cause of coral reef  
degradation; therefore managing coral reefs means managing those  
human activities. Individuals whose decisions and actions affect  
coral reefs--from board rooms to beaches--need to become aware of  
and committed to the conservation and sustainable use of coral  
reefs and related ecosystems.  
 
     The diversity of cultures, traditions and governance within  
nations and regions should be recognised and built upon in all  
the ICRI activities. 
 
     Integrated coastal management, with special emphasis on  
community participation and benefit,  provides a framework for  
effective coral reef and related ecosystem management. 
  
     Developing national capacity to conserve and sustainably use  
coral reefs and related ecosystems requires a long term (decadal)  
commitment.  Improvement of coral reef management requires a  
permanent commitment and an adaptive approach.   
 
     Strategic research and monitoring programs should be an  
integral part of the ICRI because management of coral reefs and  
related ecosystems should be based on the most relevant  
scientific information. 
 
     Actions promoted under this framework should take account  
of, and fully use, the extensive body of international agreements  
and organisations that address issues related to coral reefs and  
related ecosystems. The ICRI will facilitate the leveraging and  
channeling of existing resources among all sectors for the  
benefit of coral reefs and related ecosystems. 
 
 
                             ACTION 
 
     All those committed to supporting the ICRI and this  
Framework for Action are called upon to take account of and to  
act on the following at the international, regional and national  
levels. 
 
     Support national and regional efforts to establish and  
coordinate strategies, priorities and programs to implement the  
ICRI Framework for Action, starting with regional workshops to be  
held by early 1996. 
 
     Ensure that sustainable management of coral reefs and  
related ecosystems is considered at future relevant international  
meetings. 
 
     Develop and/or strengthen national, regional and  
international mechanisms for gathering and sharing information  
and expertise on the sustainable management of coral reefs and  
related ecosystems. 
 
     Promote improved access to financial and technological  
resources to enable institutions, regional centres and networks  
to assist and inform governments, industries and communities. 
 
     Addressing conservation and sustainable use of coral reefs  
and related ecosystems requires activities in the following  
areas: 
 
        o     integrated coastal management; 
        o     public awareness, education and training; 
        o     ratification of or accession to 
                  relevant international instruments; 
        o     stakeholder participation at all levels; 
        o     training policy makers and private  
                  sector decision makers in the development 
                  and implementation of coral reef management; 
        o     marine science and technology; 
        o     environmental law, particularly  
                  environmental impact assessment  
                  regulations; and 
        o     assessing the potential for micro-enterprise 
                  development and facilitating access 
                  to financing on a small to medium scale. 
 
 
 (a)    Management 
 
     Encourage governments to develop and adopt integrated  
coastal management measures, including:  
 
        o       protection of the marine environment  
                   from land based sources of marine pollution; 
        o       environmentally sound land use practices, 
                   including zoning where appropriate; 
        o       measures to protect the marine environment 
                   from the adverse effect of maritime 
                   activities; 
        o       national and regional disaster strategies; 
        o       measures to prevent illegal fishing practices, 
                   achieve sustainable fisheries and protect 
                   the ecological systems that support them; 
        o       tourism management and planning; 
        o       cultural aspects of resource use; and 
        o       enforcement of regulations. 
 
 
     Encourage governments and funding agencies to consider the  
ICRI Framework in project and program design and implementation. 
 
     Encourage, where appropriate, an intersectoral systems  
approach to planning and management. 
 
     Encourage improved coordination among international  
organisations, donors and NGOs to provide more effective programs  
at the regional and national level. 
 
     Encourage prompt implementation of the outcomes of FAO Code  
of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the Global Program of  
Action to Protect the Marine Environment from Land-Based  
Activities.  
 
     Promote awareness and action by the global tourist community  
to minimise individual and collective impacts of tourism on coral  
reefs and related ecosystems. 
 
     Promote the establishment and effective management of  
coastal and marine protected areas for coral reefs and related  
ecosystems, within the framework of customary international law  
as exemplified by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This  
will contribute to the development of the Global Representative  
System of Marine Protected Areas as proposed by the World Bank,  
IUCN and Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. 
 
     Promote the regulation of international trade in endangered  
and threatened reef-associated species through the Convention on  
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna  
(CITES), and improve its implementation where required. 
 
     Encourage governments to develop and promote mechanisms for  
regulating international trade in species that are illegally  
harvested. 
 
     Encourage governments to develop legislation, policy and  
institutional capacity to apply environmental assessment to  
development activities. 
 
     Promote appropriate technologies, including voluntary  
programs and economic incentives and best management practices,  
for control of land-based causes of marine pollution. 
 
     Promote and replicate successes in integrated coastal  
management, including community based management, as appropriate. 
 
     Support management measures to improve the socio-economic  
condition of local communities through such means as retraining  
and sustainable alternative livelihood development. 
 
 
(b)     Capacity Building 
 
     Capacity building includes establishing and strengthening  
human resource and institutional capabilities for coastal  
management, science, training and education. 
 
     Encourage regional organisations to assist countries and  
communities implementing ICRI, for example through measures  
including:       
 
        o       preparation of project proposals         
        o       implementation of small grant programs. 
 
     Establish, strengthen and sustain mutually supportive  
networks of centres of expertise in  management of coral reefs  
and related ecosystems. 
 
     Base human resource development strategies on needs  
assessments and ensure that they address:       
 
        o       the diversity of cultures traditions 
                    and governance structures;  
        o       increased community awareness and involvement;   
        o       improving the capacity of today's managers;      
        o       providing for the education of tomorrow's 
                    managers;      
        o       coverage of coral reef management issues in 
                    the training of all professionals whose 
                    work involves decisions which affect 
                    coral reefs and coastal resource management;      
        o       technical training needs for people at the 
                    field level;  
        o       training and supporting trainers to work at 
                    the community and field level;       
        o       evaluation of the effectiveness of training; and         
        o       the need to target children in awareness raising. 
 
 
     Improve coordination and targeting of the education and  
human resource development programs provided by development  
partners. 
 
     Support formal and informal environmental education programs  
for all levels of the community on the subject of coral reefs and  
related ecosystems, with curricula and materials tailored to the  
interests and needs of the regions and end-users. 
 
     Encourage maximum use of national and regional expertise in  
management, research and capacity building activities. 
 
     Support the development, identification and dissemination of  
materials which address the interests and needs of the regions,  
including:       
 
        o       the value of coral reefs and related ecosystems;         
        o       practical monitoring and management techniques;  
        o       inventories of formal and on-the-job training 
                    opportunities;     
        o       case studies of management, including success 
                    stories as well as examples 
                    which have not been successful; and      
        o       case studies of human impact and natural 
                    variation in coral reefs and related 
                    ecosystems. 
 
 
     Increase the relevance to ICRI of existing donor scholarship  
programs by:        
 
        o       devoting a proportion of scholarship awards 
                    to environmental studies; and        
        o       encouraging thesis and dissertation studies 
                    carried out in home countries. 
 
 
     Encourage the private sector's role in management of coral  
reefs and related ecosystems through: 
 
        o       use of appropriate technologies; 
        o       development of a trained and educated 
                    workforce; and 
        o       innovative approaches to better 
                    environmental operating standards. 
 
 
(c)     Research & Monitoring 
 
     Research and monitoring are needed to assess the status of  
coral reefs, evaluate the success of management and conservation  
actions and develop more effective management practices.  As  
tropical ecosystems, coral reefs and related ecosystems are  
subject to dynamics which are generally less well understood than  
temperate systems.  Therefore, without evidence it should not be  
assumed that they will react to natural and human disturbances in  
the same way as temperate systems.   
 
     Research and monitoring programs should address biological,  
physical, social, cultural and economic studies and should be  
carried out over time periods appropriate to their objectives.   
They should be supported by information management,  
interpretation and dissemination.  In the collection of data for  
both research and monitoring, resource users should be involved  
to the maximum extent practicable. 
 
     Promote the involvement of managers in the development,  
conduct, interpretation and application of research and  
monitoring programs. 
 
     Promote and assist the development and application of  
resource assessment methods that:    
 
        o       allow for rapid assessment to establish 
                    baselines and initiate management        
        o       can be used in Geographic Information 
                    and Decision Support Systems 
 
 
     Promote the development of a Global Coral Reef Monitoring  
Network under the Coastal Zone Module of the Global Ocean  
Observing System by incorporating and, as necessary, establishing  
or strengthening regional nodes. 
 
     Encourage studies of coral reefs and related ecosystems  
which:   
 
        o       address priority management issues in 
                    individual countries or regions;   
        o       address the synergies between human effects 
                    and natural variations as causes 
                    of stress and degradation in coral reefs 
                    and related ecosystems;         
        o       involve interdisciplinary research into human 
                    impacts with initial priority on 
                    fisheries and tourism;   
        o       integrate traditional knowledge;         
        o       quantify the socio-economic impacts of 
                    conservation and habitat destruction;     
        o       address the scales and linkages of the 
                    biological communities; and       
        o       develop methods for impact mitigation and 
                    reef restoration. 
 
 
     Develop programs to involve communities, resource users, the  
private sector and others in monitoring the condition of coral  
reefs and related ecosystems. 
 
     Encourage regional and international forums which bring  
together managers and scientists to identify priority information  
requirements for management of coral reefs and related  
ecosystems. 
 
 
(d)     Review 
 
     Review of the state of coral reefs and related ecosystems  
and of action taken to implement the ICRI Framework for Action  
should be conducted at national, regional and international  
levels on a regular basis. 
 
     The four yearly cycle of the international coral reef  
symposia provides an excellent opportunity to discuss the  
ecological condition of coral reefs.  This should be matched by  
an equivalent program to review the effectiveness of  
implementation of actions in accordance with the ICRI Framework  
For Action. 
 
     At the international level, the UN Commission on Sustainable  
Development provides an appropriate forum for review of  
international actions taken at all levels by governments,  
international organisations and agencies.  The 1996 session of  
the Commission on Sustainable Development, with its focus on  
Chapter 17 (Protection of Oceans) of Agenda 21 will deal, inter  
alia, with coral reefs and related ecosystems. 
 
     UNEP should be encouraged to review the implementation and  
success of the ICRI Framework For Action through relevant  
programs including the Regional Seas Programmes. 
 
     Similarly the IOC through the Global Coral Reef Monitoring  
Network, should be encouraged to produce reports on the  
ecological condition of coral reefs and related ecosystems for  
discussion at the quadrennial International Coral Reef Symposia  
and other relevant international forums. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 17 08:38:12 1995 
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Date: Mon, 17 Jul 1995 08:24:35 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Continuing Abstracts 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950717080912.20079A-100000@coral> 
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As part of our continuing effort to distribute information regarding 
coral health and monitoring, we are circulating the following two  
abstracts:  
 
 
Abdel-Salam,-H.; Porter,-J.W.; Hatcher,-B.G.  Physiological 
        effects of sediment rejection on photosynthesis and 
        respiration in three Caribbean reef corals. 
        PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-SIXTH-INTERNATIONAL-CORAL-REEF- 
        SYMPOSIUM,-TOWNSVILLE,-AUSTRALIA,-8th-12th-AUGUST-1988.- 
        VOLUME-2:-CONTRIBUTED-PAPERS-MINI-SYMPOSIUM-1-TO-10-14. 
        Choat,-J.H.;Barnes,-D.;Borowitzka,-M.A.;Coll,- 
        J.C.;Davies,-P.J.;Floor,-P.;et-al.-eds.. 1988. pp. 285- 
        292. 
 
Three species of corals, Acropora palmata, Diploria strigosa, 
and Montastrea annularis , were exposed to the same weight of 
sediment. Corals were exposed to sediment during day light 
and darkness. Oxygen production and consumption were measured 
by respirometry; sediment removed by corals was collected 
simultaneously. All corals exposed to sediments showed an 
increase in respiration rate at night and a decrease in net 
photosynthesis during the day. Lowered net photosynthesis was 
due to both light shading and respiratory increase. 
Integrated 24 hour P/R ratios for control and sediment- 
exposed corals were calculated. All control corals had 
naturally occurring P/R ratios in excess of 1.0, but the 
sediment treated corals, without exception, had ratios 
significantly below 1.0, mostly due to high respiration 
during sediment rejection. M. annularis  and D. strigosa 
have very high clearing rates relative to A. palmata . 
 
 
============================================================= 
 
 
Acevedo,-R.; Morelock,-J.  Effects of terrigenous sediment 
        influx on coral reef zonation in southwestern Puerto 
        Rico.  PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-SIXTH-INTERNATIONAL-CORAL- 
        REEF-SYMPOSIUM,-TOWNSVILLE,-AUSTRALIA,-8th-12th-AUGUST- 
        1988.-VOLUME-2:-CONTRIBUTED-PAPERS-MINI-SYMPOSIUM-1-TO- 
        10-14. Choat,-J.H.;Barnes,-D.;Borowitzka,-M.A.;Coll,- 
        J.C.;Davies,-P.J.;Flood,-P.;Hatcher,-B.G.;et-al.-eds.. 
        1988. pp. 189-194. 
 
The distribution of hermatypic coral species and species 
dominance patterns is discussed from the study of 8 reef 
sites of southwestern Puerto Rico. Photo-transects were 
surveyed on 4 sites at La Parguera where terrigenous sediment 
influx was absent and used to develop a standard coral 
zonation pattern. Four sites were studied at Ponce where the 
presence of terrigenous sediments was observed and results 
compared between sites for each depth level. Coral cover and 
species diversity was greatly reduced near the source of 
terrigenous sediment. Both coral cover and coral species 
diversity increased with distance from the sediment source. 
Loss of light is critical to the deeper coral assemblages, 
and a chronic increase in turbidity will move the lower limit 
of coral growth to much shallower depths. Other possible 
effects from sediment influx commonly observed were: partial 
or total burial of coral colonies, bleaching and colonization 
of the coral surface by filamentous blue-green algae. 
 
 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov              |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.erl.gov             |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 17 13:50:27 1995 
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Date: Mon, 17 Jul 1995 13:41:15 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Moruroa Atoll 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950717133136.20963A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
	The following message from Reinhold Leinfelder had some 
transmission difficulties on his end and is herewith being 
retransmitted.  We apologize if this is a duplicate posting for you.  
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov              |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.erl.gov             |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
================================ 
 
Dear Colleagues, 
 
The present situation at Moruroa Atoll should not only worry us but rather 
demands some actions also from the Coral Health and Monitoring Group as 
well as others working on reefs. As reef researchers we all know that reefs 
are very porous systems which never will be dense and fence off nuclear 
waste from the surrounding world. This is true even if the atoll will not 
collapse due to the nuclear explosion. 
 
Particularly when judging from the  fossil record reefs are highly porous, 
open hydrological systems. This is why reefs form the majority of reservoir 
rocks for giant oil fields. The fact that the oil is entrapped in the reefs 
is not contradictory to this view: The reef reservoirs are sealed by 
younger rocks or special tectonic situations. This is not possible in 
modern reefs which hence are one of the most open hydrological systems. 
Many oceanic atolls  probably exhibit 'endo-upwelling' which is thought to 
be caused by stronger heatflow above the volcanic basement, so that 
additional to the generally high lateral permeability a vertical 
permeability and water flow from down to the surface might be generated. 
 
THIS WAS PARTICULARLY SHOWN FOR MORUROA ATOLL by  Rougerie, F. & Wauthy, B. 
(1993): The endo-upwelling concept: from geothermal convection to reef 
construction.- Coral Reefs, 12/1: 19-30, Heidelberg etc. (Springer 
International). Knowing about these facts, we should open our mouths. 
 
I am no member of Greenpeace (I am Professor of Geology and Paleontology at 
the University of Stuttgart, Germany) but it seems that Greenpeace is the 
most active group in this aspect and that they try to follow a scientific 
line, besides all public relation work which is certainly necessary as 
well. They particularly demand more thorough studies prior to any tests. If 
you are interested you may see their WWW-page: 
http://www.greenpeace.org/~comms/rw/rwletter.html . At this page which is 
from the Greenpeace REsearch Labs, Greenpeace presents a RATIONALE FOR A 
PROGRAMME OF STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF FRENCH NUCLEAR TESTING AT 
MORUROA AND FANGATAUFA. 
  Additional information is  on http://www.greenpeace.org/~comms/rw/rw.html. 
The e-mail address of Greenpeace research labs is: 
<exeter.lab@green2.greenpeace.org> where you could send a support 
statement. 
 
Be it through Greenpeace, any other institution or directly to the French 
government or embassy, please act in an appropriate manner as fast as you 
can! 
 
Best wishes Reinhold Leinfelder 
 
******************************************** 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart 
Herdweg 51 
D-70174 Stuttgart 
Germany 
 
e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
phone: ++49-711-1211340 
fax: ++49-711-1211341 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Jul 18 08:04:04 1995 
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Date: Tue, 18 Jul 1995 07:45:36 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Continuing Abstracts 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950718074124.842A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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As part of our continuing effort to distribute information regarding 
coral health and monitoring, we are circulating the following two 
abstracts:   
 
 
Bonem,-R.M.  Recognition of storm impact on the reef sediment 
        record.  PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-SIXTH-INTERNATIONAL-CORAL- 
        REEF-SYMPOSIUM,-TOWNSVILLE,-AUSTRALIA,-8th-12th-AUGUST- 
        1988.-VOLUME-2:-CONTRIBUTED-PAPERS-MINI-SYMPOSIUM-1-TO- 
        10-14. Choat,-J.H.;Barnes,-D.;Borowitzka,-M.A.;Coll,- 
        J.C.;Davies,-P.J.;Flood,-P.;Hatcher,-B.G.;Hopley,-D.;et- 
        al.-eds.. 1988. pp. 475-478. 
 
Recognition of the imprint of hurricanes and other storm 
deposits on the sediment record can provide a useful 
stratigraphic marker for the study of modern and ancient reef 
systems. Sediment cores were taken from lagoonal patch reef 
and forereef settings along the north coast of Jamaica before 
and after the passage of Hurricane Allen in August 1980. 
Examination of these cores has revealed that preservation of 
storm events is variable and may be altered with time. 
Although storm layers were easily recognized in lagoonal 
settings within 2 years following the hurricane, passage of 
time has made recognition based on grain-size differences 
more difficult due to bioturbation and grain-size alteration. 
However, it was possible to identify storm sediments by the 
presence of allochthonous skeletal grains. 
 
 
=============== 
 
 
Gagan,-M.K.; Chivas,-A.R.; Johnson,-D.P.  Cyclone-induced 
        shelf sediment transport and the ecology of the Great 
        Barrier Reef.  PROCEEDINGS-OF-THE-SIXTH-INTERNATIONAL- 
        CORAL-REEF-SYMPOSIUM,-TOWNSVILLE,-AUSTRALIA,-8th-12th- 
        AUGUST-1988.-VOLUME-2:-CONTRIBUTED-PAPERS-MINI- 
        SYMPOSIUM-1-TO-10-14. Choat,-J.H.;Barnes,- 
        D.;Borowitzka,-M.A.;Coll,-J.C.;Davies,-P.J.;Flood,- 
        P.;et-al.-eds.. 1988. pp. 595-600. 
 
Shelf sediments collected immediately before and after the 
passage of Cyclone Winifred (1 February 1986) confirmed that 
the storm produced a normally graded layer extending 30 km 
offshore in water up to 43m deep. Resampling of the storm 
layer one year after the cyclone showed it to be completely 
obliterated offshore, but well-preserved on the inner shelf. 
The cross-shelf difference in preservation reflects the 
concentration of benthic organisms and higher bioturbation 
rates offshore. Post-cyclone changes in the cross-shelf 
distribution of  super(13)C/ super(12)C and carbonate suggest 
that: (1) sediment derived from near-record flooding of the 
Johnstone River did not move more than 15 km offshore, (2) 
reef detritus was swept up to 1.5km shoreward to the mid- 
shelf, and (3) resuspended mid-shelf sediment was driven at 
least 15km shoreward to the inner shelf. Flood plume sediment 
rarely reaches the Great Barrier Reef directly from shore. 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jul 19 08:15:26 1995 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jul 1995 08:03:00 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Historical Sombrero Reef data 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950719073821.10142A-100000@coral> 
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Historical C-MAN data from Sombrero Reef in the Florida Keys (USA) has 
been posted to the Coral Health and Monitoring Program's Home Page.  The  
period of data covered are from February 9, 1988 to February 28, 1991,  
and the fields reported are: 
 
Date/time 
Barometric pressure 
Air temperature 
Sea temperature 
Wind direction 
Wind speed 
Wind gusts 
 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov              |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.erl.gov             |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jul 19 09:23:54 1995 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jul 1995 09:14:51 -0400 (AST) 
From: Callum Roberts <croberts@uvi.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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To: Subscribers to coral-list 
 
Dear Subscribers, 
	I'm sure most of you will know about the 8th International Coral  
Reef Symposium which will be held in Panama from the 24th to 29th June  
1996. This promises to be an excellent symposium which will involve much  
discussion about reef conservation and management and will herald the  
official launch of the International Year of the Reef. What you may not  
know is that members of the International Society for Reef Studies will  
get a $50 discount on registration fees. This means you can join the  
Society for the equivalent of $10 for your first year's membership. To  
claim the discount, when you register for the symposium (details  
available from Maria Majela Brenes: email stri01.naos.brenesm@ic.si.edu)  
simply mail in your ISRS membership application form (to the address  
given below) at the same time and tell the symposium organisers that you  
are just joining. ISRS offers many interesting activities and benefits  
which you can read about below. 
 
 
Best wishes, 
 
Callum Roberts 
Corresponding Secretary of the International Society for Reef Studies 
 
ISRS Membership  
 
The annual subscription for individual membership of ISRS is currently 
US$60, provided renewal payments are made by 1st March each year.  
Individual and Family Members receive the journal Coral Reefs, the 
newsletter Reef Encounter and other periodic mailings. Family membership 
is US$70. Student membership costs US$10 and benefits include all of the 
above except the journal Coral Reefs.  Members outside Europe should add 
US$10 for airmail delivery of Coral Reefs (copies will otherwise be sent 
surface mail).  Renewals received between 1 March and 30 April will cost 
US$20 for a student member, US$70 for a full member and US$80 for a family 
membership. Those received after 1 May will cost US$25, US$80 and US$90 
respectively.   
 
New memberships will be at the base rate of US$10, US$60 
and US$70 throughout the year.   
 
Subscriptions to the Society should be addressed to: International Society 
for Reef Studies, P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA.  
 
 
APPLICATION FORM FOR MEMBERSHIP 
 
 
Name: ......................................... 
 
Address:   
 
............................................... 
 
............................................... 
 
............................................... 
 
............................................... 
 
 
 
Title ......................................... 
 
 
Fields of interest............................. 
 
 
I/we enclose a 
cheque (in US$ ONLY please) of*:   
 
........US$60 for FULL membership 
........US$10 for STUDENT membership  
........US$70 for FAMILY membership 
 
*Full and family members outside Europe: add US$10 if you wish to receive 
Coral Reefs by airmail.  
 
Bank drafts and cheques to be made payable to: INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR 
REEF STUDIES.  
 
PAYMENT BY MASTERCARD/VISA 
 
CARD NO................................... 
 
 
Expiry date............................... 
 
 
Signature................................. 
 
 
If a receipt is required, please request it at the time of payment.  
 
Send completed application form and your cheque to:  International Society 
for Reef Studies, P.O. Box 1897, Lawrence, Kansas 66044-8897, USA.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
	 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Jul 19 10:48:09 1995 
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Date: Wed, 19 Jul 1995 10:38:34 -0400 
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From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral list 
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Congratulations for this iniatitive. I'm marine biologist, during the 
last 9 years I've been studying the exploitation of marine fish and 
invertebrates for the marine aquarium hobby trade. This exploitation 
has become controversial among the scientific community, environmental 
groups, those involved in the trade and the general public. 
 
I'd like to participate in this group and contribute with info and ideas, 
that will help to conserve,healthy and productive coral reefs for future 
 generations. 
 
Sincerely. 
 
Jaime Baquero 
Marine Biologist 
Gatineau P.Q 
CANADA 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jul 20 14:46:27 1995 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jul 95 14:37:09 EDT 
From: tguild@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Calcification 
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Is there any consensus on light enhancement of calcification in corals? 
I have some of the earlier papers (through the late 1980s) eg. Goreau, 
Rinkevich, Loya, Barnes, etc but have not made an effort to update my 
references.  I know (from work with forams) that 45Ca and 14C labelled 
experiments are fraught with potential errors and hence I'm leary of 
deciding one way or the other based on these methods in the "early" 
papers.  Could someone on the list either "enlighten" me or direct me 
to a good thorough review or reference?  My current tendency is to  
believe that although the linear extension rate is greater during photo- 
synthesis, the actual mass accumulation is relative invariant. 
 
Thank you in advance for your assistance. 
 
T. Guilderson 
 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
This message is from: 
 
Tom Guilderson 
tguild@lamont.ldeo.columbia.edu 
 
END 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Jul 20 15:03:13 1995 
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Date: Thu, 20 Jul 1995 15:55:41 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: Coral Calcification - Reply 
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I recommend that you get in tourch with Betsy Gladfelter USVI or Bruce Chalker 
at AIMS  if you need the addresses I can look them up.  I am not sure Betsy has 
E mail.   
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jul 28 19:35:59 1995 
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Date: Fri, 28 Jul 1995 19:30:38 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: List-server now working 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950728192418.28013A-100000@coral> 
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We apologize for the inactivity of our list-server, but we had some  
difficulties which now appear to be resolved.  Messages which were posted  
but not circulated were saved and will now be re-sent. 
 
Please note that if you wish to post a message to the whole group (about  
220 people), send the message to: 
 
	coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
 
If you have questions, suggestions or queries, you may direct them to: 
  
	coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
 
Or, if you have questions pertaining directly to the operation of the  
list-server, you may send a message to: 
 
	major-domo@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
 
with HELP in the subject field of your message. 
 
Thank you for your patience. 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jul 28 19:37:17 1995 
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Date: Fri, 28 Jul 1995 19:36:01 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Oil refinery in Sri Lanka Information 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950728193056.28013B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 25 Jul 95 18:00:18 +0000 
From: guest@lanka.gn.apc.org 
To: coral@coral 
Subject: Oil refinery in Sri Lanka Information 
 
To: coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov, irf@clark.net 
We recived your name from 
Prabha at iclei@web.apc.org 
Could you please Read 
 
Thank you in advance 
 
Subject: Sri Lanka Large Oil Refinery (Information required) 
 
INFORMATION REQUIRED 
 
Large Oil Refinery for Sri Lanka 
 
The extreme south of Sri Lanka is a relatively underdeveloped region of the 
country noted for its wildlife and beaches. The principal income generating 
activities in the region include tourism, fisheries and salt production. 
Tourists are attracted to the South by the beaches, the wildlife (and 
wildlife sanctuaries) and a place of pilgrimage sacred to both 
Buddhists and Hindus. 
 
The extreme south is the habitat of a rich fauna and flora. The fauna 
along the coast includes indigenous and migratory birds (e.g. sea eagles, 
pelicans, flamingos and ducks) and marine turtles. Coral reefs are also 
found in the south of the country.  
 
A proposal is being developed at present to site a giant oil refinery cum 
power project near Hambantota on the south coast. To supply this refinery it 
is said that oil tankers will be parked offshore and crude oil transferred by 
pipeline. The products of the refinery will be both for export as well as for 
use within the country. Reasons for the siting of the refinery cum power 
project complex near Hambantota include the generation of employment 
opportunities in the region. 
 
Although the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for the project is still 
being prepared and is not yet available for public inspection and comment 
(within a prescribed period), concern is already being expressed by some as 
to whether any disadvantages (e.g. oil leakages and spills) of the proposed 
development may outweigh the benefits. 
 
While there is already a small refinery situated close to the commercial 
capital of Colombo, we would be interested in receiving information on the 
impacts of large refineries cum power stations on coastal ecosystems and 
wildlife in other parts of the world. This will help in our study of the 
EIA when it is opened for public examination. 
 
Any comments should be sent to 
Please respond via post (snail Mail) only or in EN.ALERTS or REG.SASIA 
Thanks 
 
Rohan  H. Wickramasinghe 
Institute for Tropical Environmental Studies (ITES), 
41 Flower Road, 
Colombo 7, 
Sri Lanka. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jul 28 19:57:20 1995 
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Date: Fri, 28 Jul 1995 19:57:37 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Exploitation of marine fish and invertebrates, Part I  
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950728195647.28057A-100000@coral> 
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From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Exploitation of marine fish and invertebrates 
Reply-To: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca 
 
Part I. 
 
I'd like to share with you some thoughts and insights learned during 
the last 9 years in which I've been studying the exploitation of marine 
fish and invertebrates for the marine aquarium trade. 
 
 In the last decade, the marine aquarium technology has undergone a 
remarkable transformation. Along with the introduction of new filtration 
systems and the application in the marine hobby of existing technology , 
the aquarist has found the means to create and control better conditions 
to keep in captivity the aquarium inhabitants. 
 
As a result of this new technology, the marine aquarium hobby also reflects 
a transformation, from the keeping of only fish and a few invertebrates to  
the captivity of "artificial minireefs". 
 
Intensive commercial exploitation of hundreds of species of marine fish 
and invertebrates as well as "live rock", during the las decade, to satisfy 
the demand of aquarium hobbyists, have become controversial issues among 
marine biologists, the scientific community, environmentally oriented groups, 
aquarium hobbyists ant the general public. 
 
As a consequence of this "NEW AQUARIUM TECHNOLOGY" and the extensive diversity 
of marine life available for the artificial minireef keeping, the marine  
aquarium industry has expanded to a large profitable enterprise. 
 
The use of sodium cyanide, the most environmentally unfriendly method of 
collecting fish for the marine aquarium trade, continues to contribute to 
the degradation of coral reefs in the Philippines and has now spread to 
Indonesia. 
 
This issue has been the subjet of many articles and discussion within the 
aquarium industry and among aquarium hobbyists for many years but their 
contribution to solve the problem has been very modest. 
 
Jaime Baquero 
Marine Biologist 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Jul 28 19:58:45 1995 
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Date: Fri, 28 Jul 1995 19:58:54 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Exploitation, Part II  
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From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Exploitation of marine fish and invertebrates 
Reply-To: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca 
 
Part II 
 
It is well known that many fish perish at the time of collection 
through cyanide poisoning. Others die at the collection points  
(fisherfolk communities),exporters holding facilities, in transit 
to the importer country or at the importer holding facilities. The 
remainder die within a few days or weeks of thei arrival at the pet 
shop or at the aquarium hobbyist's home. 
 
Unfortunatly, sodium cyanide is not the only factor responsible for 
the high mortality registered at each level of the marine fish and 
invertebrates trade. 
 
Other factors contributing to mortality include: 
 
-Unsuitability of certain species to survive in captivity: 
  
 From the 932 different species of marine fish collected for the 
 aquarium hobby,close to 400 species could be considered target 
 species (more frequently found at the pet shop). 
 
 From these, 280 are considered as species that are from moderate  
 to difficult to keep in captivity, and as a consequence, register 
 high mortality rates, 100% in some cases. 
 
 i.e. members of the families: 
 
 Chaetodontidae 
 Ephippidae 
 Syngnathidae 
 Muraenidae 
 Carcharhinidae 
 Lamnidae 
 Pomacanthidae 
 Labridae 
 
-Incompatibility of aquaria inhabitants 
 
-Unbalanced diet 
 
-Starvation 
 
-Aquarium inhabitants overfeeding (pollution) 
 
-Aquaria overcrowding  
 
-Imbalance between chemical, physical and biological conditions in the 
 holding tanks 
 
-Physiological damage inflicted to the fish when: 
* Collected 
* Handled and held at collection points at exporters,importers and retai- 
  lers holding facilities 
 
-Fish diseases (parasites or bacterial infections)  
 
-Copper poisoning ( at exporters', importers',retailers' and hobbyists' 
 tanks) 
 
-Poor aquarium management at importers, retailers and aquarium hobbyists 
 holding facilities 
 
-Lack of information among fishers, exporters, importers, retailers and 
 aquarium hobbyists 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Jul 29 09:05:16 1995 
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Date: Sat, 29 Jul 1995 09:02:46 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: The Coral Reef Society, Poland 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950729090107.8427B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 29 Jul 1995 10:19:18 -6000 
From: Slawomir Kosielinski <kosiel@atm.com.pl> 
 
To whom it may concern 
 
It is my big pleasure to announce that a Coral Reef Society, a non profit 
organisation, was founded in Warsaw, Poland, in the beginning of 1995. Its 
members are mainly biologist, but all who love to explore underwater 
beauty and riches are welcome.  
 
The main aim of the Society is: 
*  to acquire and widen knowledge about coral reefs 
*  to organise expeditions to coral reefs  
*  to share knowledge concerning underwater life  
*  to stand up for clean environment, particularly in coral reefs area  
*  to co-operate with similar organisations.  
 
We have organised two expeditions to the Red Sea's reefs so far. During 
these expeditions 30 scuba-divers spent 150 hours under water. About 6000 
photos were made and about 250 kilograms of coral pieces and shells were 
collected from the beaches Eastern Egypt.  Later, the members of Coral 
Reef Society had more then 50 lectures concerning reef biology in 
high-shools and universities. All collected material was given away to 63 
schools.  
 
Here is the board of our organisation:  
 
1. Grzegorz Soszka 
     President 
     malakology  
 
2.  Pawel Szewczak 
     wice President 
     nature, botany, marin and reef aquaristic 
 
3.  Pawel Szpygiel  
     Secretary 
     biology, underwater photography 
 
So if you are excited or just interested in coral reefs wonders, please 
contact us immediately:  
 
Pawel Szewczak  
Darwina Str. 8/122  
03-484 Warsaw  
Poland  
phone +0048 22 189526 
 
by e-mail contact to:  
Slawomir Kosielinski  
kosiel@icm.edu.pl 
or kosiel@ikp.atm.com.pl  
 
 
Warsaw, 29 July 1995 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Jul 29 09:18:48 1995 
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Date: Sat, 29 Jul 1995 09:16:39 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: List-Server "how-to" documentation 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950729090320.8427C-100000@coral> 
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	There has been a little confusion (including mine!) on the 
operation of the list-server, so the basics are being resent herewith for 
your review.  I apologize for any inconvenience. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	hendee@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
 
================================================================= 
 
	The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to 
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements among coral 
health researchers pertaining to coral reef health and monitoring 
throughout the world.  Appropriate subjects for discussion might include:  
 
	o  bleaching events 
	o  outbreaks of coral diseases 
	o  high predation on coral reefs 
	o  environmental monitoring sites 
	o  incidences of coral spawnings 
	o  shipwrecks on reefs 
	o  international meetings and symposia 
	o  funding opportunities 
	o  job openings in coral research 
	o  marine sanctuary news 
	o  new coral-related publications 
	o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology 
	o  coral health initiatives 
	o  new and historical data availability 
	o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology 
	o  recent reports on coral research 
	o  new coral-related journals 
 
 
-- To Subscribe to the List -- 
 
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list!  However, if you wish to instruct others how to subscribe to the 
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following message (only!) in the body of the text:  
 
	subscribe coral-list 
 
 
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-- To Post a Comment or Announcement -- 
 
	To post a message to the list, simply address your comments or 
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or post their comments to the list for all to read.  
 
 
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line to:  hendee@aoml.erl.gov. 
 
 
	We hope you enjoy the list! 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
	Louis Florit 
	Philippe Dubosq 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Jul 30 17:15:06 1995 
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Date: Sun, 30 Jul 1995 17:11:24 -0400 
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From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Exploitation Part III 
Reply-To: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca 
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Strategies to solve the problem. 
 
Ocean Voice International and the Haribon Foundation for Conservation of 
Natural Resources, are working on Environmental Education and Sustainable 
Livelihoods in the Philippines. This project is funded by the EDSP (Envi- 
ronment and Development Support Program) through the Canadian Environmental 
Network by CIDA (Canadian International Development Agency). We are grateful 
to these organizations for their support of economically, socially and envi- 
ronmentally sustainable development. 
 
One of the components of this project is related to the development of the 
Federation of Aquarium Fish Collectors (PMP), which is looking for alterna- 
tive methods of marketing the healthy, net caught fish. To achieve this goal 
it was considered to evaluate the handling methods and holding facilities, 
that fishermen and exporters are actually applying. 
 
I'd like to share with all of you, the findings of my recent trip to the  
Philippines. 
 
Importers as well as retailers and aquarium hobbyists buying ornamental fish 
from the Philippines and Indonesia are recording high mortality rates. In a 
previous article (Sea Wind, July-Sept 92), I underlined the fact that cyanide 
was not the only factor responsible for these high mortality rates. One of 
the most important factors is the physiological damage inflicted on the fish 
by fisherfolk and by exporters. 
 
(Mis)Handling Methods and Holding Facilities 
 
The ordeal of the fish starts when it is removed from the reef. But this is 
only the starts of its miseries.... Once ashore, there are no holding facili- 
ties and submerged cages are not widespread because of the lack of protected 
ares, the tides and theft. Thus the fish are dumped from the plastic bags in 
to a bucket with up to 30 fish at once. The fish are then transferred abruptly 
into bags filled with new water from the shore line. Depending on the species, 
they are bagged individually if they are expensive, or by pairs in smaller  
bags, or several in larger bags. The bagged fish remain on the floor or on 
wooden structures ususally 3-5 days before they're shipped ( in this case to 
Manila). During this time water from the bag is changed once a day. Expensive 
fish fish get two water changes a day. The water changes are always abrupt. 
Small inexpensive do not get water changes for 3-5 days. I observed large 
bags with, for example, more than 10 poisonous Lionfish per bag, 15 fragile 
Butterflyfish per bag and more than 70 Damselfish in the same bag. It is  
common to see fish dying from ammonia poisoning in the bags. 
 
 Once the fish are delivered to Manila (6 hrs from Masinloc in this case) 
to the exporter, the fish are screened to detect damaged fins, injuries or 
sickness. Such fish called rejects, are discared, sold for the local market 
and very seldom returned to the sea by the buyer or middleman. The accepted 
fish pass to the main system, with no acclimation process. The transfers are 
made abruptly. 
 
Now the fish are ready to be exported. There is no quarantine period. It was 
found that some exporters, not all, do not feed the fish that remain in their 
aquaria. When an order is placed, the fish are packed in shipping water, which 
could come from the Manila Bay, or, in the case of one exporter, as far away 
as 160 km from Manila. This water is poured into large pools, without filte- 
ring out the plankton or other kinds of material in suspension. 
 
Jaime Baquero. 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 31 12:10:29 1995 
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Date: Mon, 31 Jul 1995 12:07:16 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Shutdown for Hurricane Erin 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950731114344.549A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
	Hurricane Erin is unfortunately bearing down on us, so we are 
going to have to shut down the Coral Health and Monitoring World-Wide Web 
Home Page and list-server immediately.  Hopefully we'll be able to start 
right back up after the hurricane is past.  
 
 
	Thank you for your support.  Have a nice day! 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov              |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.erl.gov             |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Jul 31 12:53:07 1995 
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	(16.6/15.6) id AA04898; Mon, 31 Jul 95 12:50:06 -0400 
Message-Id: <n1404927380.3968@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Date: 31 Jul 1995 12:50:50 -0500 
From: "Haskell, B." <bhaskell@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: White line disease outbreak 
To: "Coral list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
X-Mailer: Mail*Link SMTP-MS 3.0.0 
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An outbreak of white line disease has been reported in the Upper Florida Keys 
around Conch Reef.  This disease is infecting Dichoceonia stokesii and  is 
characterized by bleaching or death of the colony from the ground up.  It 
often looks like bleaching but seems to be fatal.  Any info is greatly 
appreciated. 
Benjamin Haskell 
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug  1 06:41:45 1995 
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From: exeter.lab@green2.greenpeace.org 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, hendee@aoml.erl.gov 
Message-Id: <43278003@green2.greenpeace.org> 
X-Mailer: SANCHO-X COMET<->UUCP by antenna.nl (1.6) Tue, 1 Aug 95 12:43:27 CET 
Subject: Moruroa Atoll 
Date: Tue,  1-AUG-95 10:28:49 GMT 
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---------- 
Original-TO:      hendee@aoml.erl.gov 
Original-Cc:      coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
---------- 
  
  
Dear Dr. Hendee, 
              Prof. Reinhold Leinfelder suggested we forward  this 
proposal to you on the Moruroa Atoll situation. As you can see  we 
are  calling for a somewhat elaborate environmental  impact  study 
before the tests resume. I wonder whether you would be  interested 
in  supporting this initiative and passing this message on to  any 
of  your colleagues who might be able to help in a  final  project 
design, or indeed add any other elements to the programme. So far, 
we have about 70 signatures from scientists interested in contrib 
uting, ranging through  physicists, geologists and biologists. 
  
I look forward to hearing from you. 
  
Best Regards, 
  
Paul Johnston 
  
  
 
  
  
Greenpeace Research Laboratories, 
University of Exeter, 
North Park Road, 
Exeter, 
EX4 4QE 
UK 
  
TELEPHONE: 44 1392 263917 
FAX      : 44 1392 263907  
  
e-mail: Exeter.lab@Green2.greenpeace.org 
  
  
Dear Fellow Scientists, 
                      As   you  are  no doubt  aware,  the  French  
Government   intends  to resume the testing of nuclear weapons  in  
the  S. Pacific at Moruroa Atoll  in September. We are writing  to  
you  because we believe that such testing poses  an   unacceptable   
risk,  both  now and in the future to human health   and  to   the   
wider environment. In addition, it poses a threat to nuclear  non- 
proliferation.    
  
The  implications of the planned  testing  programme have not been  
examined  in relation to the current condition of the test   site.  
Previous  scientific missions, even with access to  limited  data,  
have  raised  serious questions about the safety  of  teh  testing  
programme. We, therefore, believe that there is an urgent need  to  
carry  out a thorough  geological,  hydrological, biological   and   
radiological  assessment  of  the  site in order to have  a   more   
comprehensive understanding  of the effects of past tests and  the  
likely   impact of  a  resumption  of the testing programme.  This  
needs to be carried out prior to any further testing. 
  
Accordingly   we   are circulating  with  this  letter  the  broad  
outline of  an  independent work  programme  which  we believe  to  
be   a  minimum  required  to establish  the  true  situation.  We  
hope  that  you will be  able  to lend  your   support   to   this   
programme  and  join  the  list  of signatories  that believe this  
 
work  to be essential. We intend  to  forward this to  the  French  
Authorities in due course. 
  
In addition, we are in the process of constructing a more detailed  
work  programme based around the general outline. If you have  any  
detailed suggestions for work which would improve the scope of the  
proposed  study or any additions or refinements to it we would  be  
very  grateful to hear from you on this also. Again, the  detailed  
proposal will be submitted to the French Authorities. 
  
We hope that  you will  feel  able  to lend us  your  support   or   
to  contribute expertise  to  construct the detailed programme  of   
study. In addition, if you know of any other colleagues who  would  
also be prepared to lend their support, we would be very happy  to  
 
hear from them.   Please contact  Paul Johnston or David  Santillo  
at  the address above,  or alternatively through the  Internet  at  
address: Exeter.lab@Green2.greenpeace.org 
  
  
  
RATIONALE FOR A PROGRAMME OF STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF  FRENCH  
NUCLEAR TESTING AT MORUROA AND FANGATAUFA 
  
The president of France, M. Jacques Chirac has recently  announced  
that  France intends to resume the testing of nuclear  weapons  at  
Moruroa  and Fangataufa Atolls in the South Pacific during Septem  
ber. At  the  same time  he has stated that the testing  programme  
carried out  by  France had  no  ecological consequences and  that   
independent   scientists would be invited to observe the tests  to  
prove their safety.  
  
Nonetheless,   observation of the tests alone is simply  not  ade  
quate  as  an overall assessment of the possible  consequences  of   
resuming  the testing regime. Very few data exist  concerning  the  
impact upon the  atolls  and their environs of  previous   testing   
programmes carried out at the sites. The data that do exist  indi  
cate   grounds for  serious  concerns,  both about the   integrity   
of   the  atoll structure  and the containment of the  radioactive  
products of  the weapons testing.  
  
To  date there have been more than 120 underground tests in  these  
locations. The degree to which the the fission products from these  
tests will be  contained within the structure of the atoll in  the  
long term is highly uncertain. Effectively, the two sites comprise  
an unregulated dump for radioactive wastes from these  explosions.  
This  has never been subjected to a full, independent  evaluation.  
Several scientific missions to the atolls, all of which have  been  
described as "exploratory" by the scientists concerned, have taken  
place. A common theme to the conclusions reached in these  studies  
is  a call for greater openess and constant vigilance at the  test  
sites.  Moreover,  the  data produced by at  least  two  of  these  
missions  raise  serious questions about the short and  long  term  
containment of radioactivity within the atoll.  
  
The  scientists taking part in these misions were  well  respected  
 
and  of  international stature. They were led by  Haroun  Tazieff,  
Prof.   H.  Atkinson  and  Cmdr  Jacques  Cousteau   respectively.  
Nonetheless,  time constraints and logistic  restrictions  severe  
ly  limited   the  scope of these  studies  and  the   information   
obtained  was,  thus, in each case only of a  preliminary  nature.  
Very  little substantial information, therefore, has made its  way  
to the public or  scientific communities as a result of the  work.   
Further,  despite   their limited and hence  inconclusive  nature,   
the   French  Government   has  used  these  studies  to   justify   
continuing   their  testing  programme  and  to  assert  that  the   
tests  are  safe  and contained. 
  
Considering  this,  there is clearly a need  for  a  comprehensive  
exhaustive  and independent scientific study prior to any  further  
tests. It is important  to recognise  that  such a study does  not  
require  the  disclosure  of militarily   sensitive    information    
concerning    the    weapons themselves.  Hence  there is no  con  
flict  between the  needs  of  a robust  scientific  programme  of  
work  and the  perceived  need  to preserve  militarily  sensitive  
information.  Obviously,  however, the authorities  will  need  to  
grant  access to both sites but it must be emphasised   that   the  
nature  of  the required  programme  does  not conflict  with  the  
interests of national security.  
  
An environmental assessment of the atolls should apply, as a basic  
minimum,  the  same  criteria  as applied  to  civilian  sites  in  
relation to the short and long term possibilities of environmental  
damage, radioactive escapes and needs for radiological protection.  
In  addition, this assessment should fully acknowledge that  there  
are  inherent  uncertainties in any predictive exercise  and  that  
gaps  exist in the data. Accordingly, a precautionary approach  to  
future  environmental  protection  of the  atolls  and  the  wider  
environment  is required where full weight is given to  scientific  
 
uncertainty  and  ignorance of the long term consequences  of  the  
tests.  
  
It  must  be  recognised by the French Government  that  the  time  
required for a genuine, comprehensive environmental assessment  is  
considerably greater than would be required for simple observation  
of  the  tests  at  the  time  that  they  are  carried  out.  The  
comprehensive nature of the work required implies not only a  long  
lead time for prearation and logistics but also sufficient time to  
execute the actual fieldwork. 
  
It must also be recognised that a genuine environmental assessment  
can  only take place if there is no restriction on access  to  the  
study  areas. This must be facilitated by the  French  Government.  
Additionally, the Authorities must be prepared to provide the most  
detailed   and  recent  data  available  on  the   structure   and  
geomorpholgy  of the atolls together with the best data  available  
concerning  the  radioactive inventory present.  Such  information  
would  pose  no threat to the national security of France  but  is  
indispensible to the conduct of the study. 
  
Finally,  a multidisciplinary approach will be required.  This  is  
likely to be a cost intensive process, a judgment supported by the  
large sums of money required to conduct surveys of nuclear wepaons  
production  sites  in the United States. The  resourcing  for  the  
programme  will  need to be supported with  substantial  financing   
and logistic support from the French Government. 
  
The  following  programme of work suggested in  this  document  is  
designed to take into account various of the concerns attached  to  
past  and planned future weapons testing. It is designed to  be  a  
repeatable  exercise so that the effect of future testing  can  be  
guaged  against present environmental conditions. Central  to  the  
concerns are the possibility of leakage of radionuclides from  the  
test  sites.  Hence  the programme should address  in  detail  the  
possibility that leakage has already occurred and the  possibility  
that  it might do so in the future bearing in mind  the  extremely  
long  half-life  of many of the radioactive  isotopes  involved.It  
must  be recognised by the French Government that  the  scientific  
integrity  of any programme based solely upon observation  at  the  
time of testing is highly suspect. 
  
The    programme   should  include  inter  alia  the     following   
elements  and a decision on whether to recommence testing or   not  
should  be  based  on  consideration  of  the  results  of    this  
programme,   notwithstanding   other   political   aspects    (ie.  
nuclear proliferation and related issues):  
  
1)  A full survey of the topography of the atoll using  side  scan  
sonar  and a remotely operated vehicle equipped with  cameras  and  
testing instruments. This will establish the nature and occurrence  
of  any externally visible fissures. These may be  present in  the  
 
basaltic  parent  material  laid  down  by  aerial  and  submarine  
volcanic  activity  in  which  tests  are  conducted,  or  in  the  
overlying transition zone, dolomite and limestone strata. In  turn  
this   will  allow  an  evaluation,  supplemented   by   empirical  
measurement  of  actual concentrations of  radionuclides,  of  the  
potential   for  release  of  nuclides  from  the  internal   reef  
structure. 
  
2) A shallow seismic testing programme to establish the degree  to  
which  the  internal  integrity of the atoll  structure  has  been  
compromised  by previous testing. Such a programme  would  provide  
some information on the degree of internal fissuring of the parent  
and  overlying materials and also contribute substantially  to  an  
evaluation of the potential for radioactive leakage to occur  from  
the  atoll  structure.  Together  with  data  produced  from   the  
visual/sonar  inspection  an evaluation is then  possible  of  the  
potential for serious structural changes in the atoll produced  by  
future weapons testing. 
  
3)   A   comprehensive  sampling  campaign  to   investigate   the  
concentrations  of  radionuclides in fish,  planktonic  organisms,  
sediments  and coralline structures. Where feasible, samples  will  
also be taken from various locations outside the atoll to  provide  
data  on exsisting background levels. This exercise will  help  to  
establish  whether  radioactive materials have been  released.  It  
will  also  give some indications of the quantities  of  radiation  
 
released.   By  using  coralline  materials  and   analysing   the  
radionuclides  present in the skeletal matrix, it may be  possible  
to  establish the timing and approximate magnitude of releases  of  
radionuclides in the past. 
  
4)  An exhaustive determination of the hydrology of the atoll  and  
reef  structure. This should determine the general water  movement  
through  the  various  strata of the  atoll.  Knowledge  of  water  
movements  through the system, the interaction between  fresh  and  
salt water in the reef system, the presence and size of freshwater  
lens  systems will allow a more precise estimate of the  speed  at  
which radionuclides may be carried to the outside environment as a  
result  of failure of these substances to be contained within  the  
reef  structure. In particular the hydrological  relationships  of  
fissures and faults identified by 1 & 2 above and the remnant test  
chambers and the boreholes leading to them is a high priority.  
5)   Following   these  evaluations,  an   epidemiological   study  
integrating  retrospective  and  prospective  elements  should  be  
initiated  to assess the local and regional health impacts of  the  
testing regime, past and present.   
  
6) A comparison of the potential for radionuclide release from the  
testing  sites  should be made with standards  routinely  enforced  
forinitiated civil nuclear installations. 
  
Should  a decision to  resume  testing   be taken after this  pro  
gramme  is   carried out and its results  fully   considered,   it   
 
should be agreed that the programme  be repeated immediately  ater  
the test series has taken place.  
  
 
---------- 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Aug  2 12:31:48 1995 
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Date: Tue, 11 Jul 1995 17:40:40 +0200 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: kosiel@merkury.atm.com.pl (S3awomir Kosieliqski) 
Subject: Our Reef Society (Poland) 
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Dear Friends! 
Reef Society is a non-profit organization for enthusiats.  
 
We make expeditions 
(already two were performed: in November 1994 and February 1995., both to 
Sharm-el Naga in Egypt). observations, underwater photography and 
popularizations of science are of science are our hobby - at present no one 
of us do this for living. 
 
Among us are hydrobiologists, zoologists, botanbotanic and "common divers", 
in their number- instructors. Two person are engaded in scientific 
photography. We gave about 70 lectures, mainly at schools.  
 
Two books are planned for this - or next year. We will heartily welcome 
any help or proposition of cooperation in the fields of popularization,  
exploration and editions, in future maybe also in science 
 
Thanks for your attention! 
 
Slawomir Kosielinski 
The Coral Reef Society, Poland 
 
Warsaw, 1st August 1995 
Slawomir Kosielinski 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Aug  2 12:31:50 1995 
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Date: Mon, 31 Jul 1995 09:13:49 +1000 
From: M_FURNAS@aims.gov.au 
Subject: REEF LAGOONS 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-id: <01HTIJKWSXV68WW5ZP@AIMS.GOV.AU> 
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31 July 1995 
 
Dear Lagoon Lovers 
 
As you are all aware, the ICRS meeting in Panama is coming soon.  Dr. Loic  
Charpy (ORSTOM) and I are organizing a symposium on reef lagoons.  The sessions  
will be prepared to cater to all aspects of reef lagoons:  morphology, geology,  
biology, chemistry, oceanography.  Size doesn't matter - from small backreef  
lagoons, atolls and larger shelf systems.  If you want to be part of this,  
please send me your abstract by the first week of October so Loic and I can  
organize a program. 
 
I can be reached at (virtually all media acceptable) 
 
Miles Furnas 
Australian Institute of Marine Science 
P.M.B. No. 3 
Townsville MC, Queensland 4810 
Australia 
 
Phone:  61-77-534211 
Fax:    61-77-725852 
email   m.furnas@aims.gov.au 
 
See you there 
Miles Furnas 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Aug  3 09:03:37 1995 
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Date: Thu, 3 Aug 1995 08:53:39 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Alligator Reef data 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950803084816.12049A-100000@coral> 
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Historical reformatted C-MAN data for Alligator Reef  
(24 50.74 N, 30 37.34 W), in the Florida Keys, 
have been posted to our C-MAN WWW Page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.erl.gov/cman/cman_menu.html. 
 
The period covered is Feb 1, 1985 to Dec 4, 1987. 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Aug  3 11:25:15 1995 
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Date: Thu, 3 Aug 1995 11:20:35 -0400 
Message-Id: <199508031520.LAA00959@freenet3.carleton.ca> 
From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Marine fauna exploitation .Part V 
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Conclusion 
 
Most of the marine ornamental fish exporters in the area of Manila, and 
possibly in the whole Philippines, are having significant difficulty in 
keeping their business going. The main reason is the high mortality rate 
of their exported fish, and consequently the customer dissatisfaction 
overseas. 
 
This problem is due not only to the fact that some are still cyanide 
caught, but also because of the poor handling techniques that fisherfolks 
and exporters are practicing, added to the fact that the fish are held for 
prolonged periods of time in conditions that are of considerable danger such 
as: 
  
* Acute exposure to ammonia 
* Low values of pH 
* Sudden increase of pH 
* High values of nitrates and phosphates 
* Drastic temperature changes 
* Oxygen depletion 
* Prolonged exposure to Copper ( as treatment) and ( possilbly) to other 
 heavy metals present in marine epoxies, used in the construction of holding 
 tanks. 
 
In plastic bags or in a recirculating water system the ammonia which fish  
excrete becomes a crucial factor in water quality. The molecular form of 
Ammonia, NH3, is highly toxic, while the ionic form, NH4+, is only slightly 
toxic. Depending on the pH value of the water, when low, much of the ammonia 
may become ionized and prevent major problems of toxicity. There is a serious 
problem when the pH increases suddenly due to abrupt water changes. These 
concepts have to be analized in the context of osmoregulation. 
 
All these factors are without doubt responsible for irreparable physiological 
damage that the fish suffer, and they must be considered as responsible for 
unnecessary mortality WHICH IS EVIDENT ONLY LATER. Fish under stress, even at 
a fairly early stage of responding, may show decreased resistance to disease. 
 
The filtration systems at exporters facilities are not well designed, they are 
not equipped with the proper filter media(e.g activated charcoal) or with  
other devices (protein skimmers) to handled the metabolic products of a heavy 
biological load. These are the reasons for frequent wipeouts at exporters 
holding facilities. The water quality criteria, as a must to anyone who is 
concerned with health of fish, are not applied either at the exporters nor 
the fisherfolk level.  
 
The workshops about water quality and filtration systems did provide to mem- 
bers of the Federation and the Haribon team, with the necessary tools to set 
up better and efficient holding facilities to develop their exporting busi- 
ness. 
 
The Federation of Fish Collectors of the Philippines are working hard to 
accomplish their main goals: 
 
-To assure the supply of net-caught fish; 
-To teach the application of Water Quality Criteria(water management) to the 
 collectors and the operators of their holding facilities in Manila; and 
-To revise and modify their handling techniques and holding facilities. 
 
By implementing the above "factors" the Federation will gain the credibility 
and support of marine fish buyers because it will succeed in lowering mortali- 
ty rates (getting customers' satisfaction). This in turn will lead to the 
Federation's goals of achieving a self-sufficient livelihood for the fisher- 
folk. Of course coral reefs in this area will be a big winners also. 
 
INCENTIVES FOR AQUARIUM FISH COLLECTORS WHO HAVE BEEN CONVERTED TO USING 
NETS ARE NEEDED. 
 
Support and cooperation are a must to everyone involved in this trade 
(collectors, exporters, importers, reatailers and aquarium hobbyists) and 
avoiding conflicts which only slow down the process of change.  
 
The aquarium fish trade is one of many ( and not necessarily the largest) 
factors or agents impacting on coral reef ecosystems. Nevertheless, the 
aquarium industry is not any less responsible for what it has done and 
should not therefore discount its obligation to become environmentally 
friendly. In fact, we believe it is in its short-term and long-term interests 
to do so. This requirement extends to the collection of wild corals,reef fish 
"live rock" and marine invertebrates. Ocean Voice International is clearly 
taking an active role in finding practical solutions and in reconciling con- 
flicts between the aquarium trade and marine conservation needs. 
 
Thanks for your time. 
 
Your comments will be appreciated. 
 
 
Jaime Baquero 
Marine Biologist 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Aug  3 10:08:25 1995 
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From: bd268@freenet.carleton.ca (Jaime Baquero) 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Marine fauna exploitation. Part IV 
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The fish are not acclimated to the physical and chemical conditions of the 
water, thus increasing the stress that the animals experienced from the 
moment they are harvested. At this point, it was critical to introduce the 
Water Quality Criteria new to the fisherfolk and PMP organizers. Several 
workshops were conducted with PMP organizers and fishermen from three commu- 
nities: San Salvador and Matain in the Province of Zambales and Bolinao in 
the Province of Pangasinan. At the workshops, samples of water from the 
shoreline, and from the bags holding the fish were tested to determine the 
concentrations of ammonia, nitrates, phosphates, specific gravity and tempera- 
ture. 
 
The results for the shoreline water were as expected for a non polluted area: 
 
pH     8.1-8.2 
Ammonia    0.0 mg/l 
Nitrates   0.0 mg/l 
Phosphates 0.0 mg/l 
Specific gravity 1.024 
Temperature 74-78 F. 
 
The samples of water from the bags in the three communities did show alarming 
readings, 12 different samples were tested, the results were all very close. 
Following are the averages: 
 
pH  lower than 7.0 (6.0-6.5) 
Ammonia Higher than  0.8 mg/l 
Nitrates  15-20 mg/l 
Nitrites  0.0 mg/l 
Phosphates 0.1 mg/l 
Specific gravity >1.027 
Temperature 78 F. 
 
The holding facilities at the exporters level, some of them are constructed 
with plywood covered with marine epoxy. The filtration systems design is very 
elementary and inefficient. The only filter media used is crushed coral( the 
use of other filtration media "bioballs" is not widespread; I saw two two ex- 
porters using them but the design and efficiency of the filters was considered 
poor). The use of protein skimmers is not widespread, some use them but the 
design is extremely poor if we consider the volumes of water their systems 
handle.  
There was and exporter using a primitive version ammonia towers(inefficient). 
An analisys of water was conducted at the holding facilities of an exporter. 
The results are the following: 
 
pH  7.9-8.0 
Ammonia  0.2 mg/l 
Nitrates 80-100 mg/l 
Nitrites 0.1-0.2 mg/l 
Phosphates 1.0 mg/l 
Specific Gravity  1.022 
 
 
Following.... Conclusion. 
 
Jaime Baquero. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Aug  6 16:52:12 1995 
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From: Mabel Augustowski <mabel@usp.br> 
Message-Id: <199508062247.RAA59528@spider.usp.br> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: info on Palithoa 
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Hi all, 
Palithoa is very common on the north coast of S.Paulo, and I've noted 
that some of them are white and grow just beside the yellow one. 
Is it another species or some kind of bleaching ? 
 
Mabel Augustowski 
Instituto Oceanografico 
Universidade de Sao Paulo 
e-mail: mabel@usp.br 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug  7 08:16:18 1995 
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Date: Mon, 07 Aug 1995 09:00:08 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: info on Palithoa - Reply 
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Dear Mabel Augustowski: 
 
Thank you for your communication.  I think that you are referring to Palythoa, a 
colonial zooanthid that occurs commonly in shallow reef and rock habitats.  It is 
not uncommon for the colonies to turn stark white in mid to late summer or 
during periods of low wind and intense sun exposure.  It is one of the first 
species to "bleach".   When it bleaches, the stoma or mouths often contract 
and the surface appears to be without any structure.  As long as the stress is 
not severe or long-lasting, the organism will recover and regain color in two 
months or less.        
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug  7 11:29:36 1995 
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Date: Mon, 7 Aug 1995 16:23:12 +0100 (BST) 
From: "N.V.C. Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Moruroa Atoll 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950717133136.20963A-100000@coral> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91-941213.950807161959.24878J-100000@eata.ncl.ac.uk> 
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Reinhold 
 
I am disappointed to see you are not attending our 'European Meeting of  
the International Society for Reef Studies here in Newcastle 5-9  
September. Is there any chance you would care to come over and generate  
some discussion on the matter? 
 
NickP 
 
On Mon, 17 Jul 1995, Coral Health and Monitoring Program wrote: 
 
>  
> Greetings, 
>  
> 	The following message from Reinhold Leinfelder had some 
> transmission difficulties on his end and is herewith being 
> retransmitted.  We apologize if this is a duplicate posting for you.  
>  
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
> |                                                       | 
> | Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
> | Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
> | Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
> | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
> | Miami, Florida                                        | 
> | USA                                                   | 
> |                                                       | 
> | Email:          coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov              |  
> | World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.erl.gov             |  
> |                                                       | 
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
>  
>  
> ================================ 
>  
> Dear Colleagues, 
>  
> The present situation at Moruroa Atoll should not only worry us but rather 
> demands some actions also from the Coral Health and Monitoring Group as 
> well as others working on reefs. As reef researchers we all know that reefs 
> are very porous systems which never will be dense and fence off nuclear 
> waste from the surrounding world. This is true even if the atoll will not 
> collapse due to the nuclear explosion. 
>  
> Particularly when judging from the  fossil record reefs are highly porous, 
> open hydrological systems. This is why reefs form the majority of reservoir 
> rocks for giant oil fields. The fact that the oil is entrapped in the reefs 
> is not contradictory to this view: The reef reservoirs are sealed by 
> younger rocks or special tectonic situations. This is not possible in 
> modern reefs which hence are one of the most open hydrological systems. 
> Many oceanic atolls  probably exhibit 'endo-upwelling' which is thought to 
> be caused by stronger heatflow above the volcanic basement, so that 
> additional to the generally high lateral permeability a vertical 
> permeability and water flow from down to the surface might be generated. 
>  
> THIS WAS PARTICULARLY SHOWN FOR MORUROA ATOLL by  Rougerie, F. & Wauthy, B. 
> (1993): The endo-upwelling concept: from geothermal convection to reef 
> construction.- Coral Reefs, 12/1: 19-30, Heidelberg etc. (Springer 
> International). Knowing about these facts, we should open our mouths. 
>  
> I am no member of Greenpeace (I am Professor of Geology and Paleontology at 
> the University of Stuttgart, Germany) but it seems that Greenpeace is the 
> most active group in this aspect and that they try to follow a scientific 
> line, besides all public relation work which is certainly necessary as 
> well. They particularly demand more thorough studies prior to any tests. If 
> you are interested you may see their WWW-page: 
> http://www.greenpeace.org/~comms/rw/rwletter.html . At this page which is 
> from the Greenpeace REsearch Labs, Greenpeace presents a RATIONALE FOR A 
> PROGRAMME OF STUDY TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF FRENCH NUCLEAR TESTING AT 
> MORUROA AND FANGATAUFA. 
>   Additional information is  on http://www.greenpeace.org/~comms/rw/rw.html. 
> The e-mail address of Greenpeace research labs is: 
> <exeter.lab@green2.greenpeace.org> where you could send a support 
> statement. 
>  
> Be it through Greenpeace, any other institution or directly to the French 
> government or embassy, please act in an appropriate manner as fast as you 
> can! 
>  
> Best wishes Reinhold Leinfelder 
>  
> ******************************************** 
> Reinhold Leinfelder 
> Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart 
> Herdweg 51 
> D-70174 Stuttgart 
> Germany 
>  
> e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
> phone: ++49-711-1211340 
> fax: ++49-711-1211341 
>  
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug  8 08:36:45 1995 
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Date: Tue, 8 Aug 1995 13:31:03 +0100 (BST) 
From: "N.V.C. Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: 'Population and Ecosystem Sustainability of Reef Fishing' Symposium at 8th ICRS Panama (24-29 June 
1996)  
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91-941213.950808132327.694A-100000@eata.ncl.ac.uk> 
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The following message from 8 July relates to anyone interested in a  
Symposium with the above title. 
 
I would be grateful if any of you interested in just being at this  
particular Symposium, or giving a paper, would let myself and  
John Munro know now, and certainly by 11 October.  
 
If you are doing either, a special welcome to you and to any ideas you  
may have about important themes for the subject! 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 1995 15:58:56 +0100 (BST) 
From: N.V.C. Polunin <nnvcp@eata.ncl.ac.uk> 
To: APPELDOORN <R_APPELDOORN@rumac.upr.clu.edu>, 
    BOEHLERT <George_Boehlert@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov>, 
    BRUGGEMANN <j.h.bruggemann@biol.rug.nl>, CADDY <John.Caddy@FAO.ORG>, 
    CARPENTER <RCarpenter@huey.csun.edu>, 
    CHRISTENSEN <v.christensen@cgnet.com>, CONAND <conand@Univ-Reunion.fr>, 
    DEMARTINI <Edward_DeMartini@ssp.nmfs.gov>, 
    GALZIN <pol@syspo.univ-perp.fr>, HATCHER <bhatcher@dal.ac.ca>, 
    HUGHES <t.hughes@JCU.edu.au>, JENNINGS <simon.jennings@ncl.ac.uk>, 
    KOSLOW <tony.koslow@ml.csiro.au>, ORMOND <tja2@vax.york.ac.uk>, 
    PAULYatubc <tautz@bcu.ubc.ca>, 
    RAWLINSON <nicholas.rawlinson@qld.ml.csiro.au>, 
    RUSS <garry.russ@jcu.edu.au>, SADOVY <yjsadovy@hkuxa.hku.hk>, 
    VINCENT <avincent@vax.oxford.ac.uk>, WRIGHT <dreww@ffa.gov.sb> 
Cc: MUNRO <J.MUNRO@CGNET.COM> 
Subject: 'Population and Ecosystem Sustainability of Reef Fishing' Symposium at 8th ICRS Panama (24-29 June 
1996) 
 
 
The proposal of John Munro and myself to hold this Symposium was finally  
accepted, and time is flying as ever. This focused meeting stands to be a  
most stimulating one, so thank you all of you who have expressed interest,  
or already agreed to give a paper; apologies to those who did neither! 
 
If any of you do not have details of the meeting, please do let the  
organisers at STRI (Panama; Maria Majela Brenes P:  
stri01.naos.brenesm@ic.si.edu) know. You should register by 1 December  
1995. I can help if necessary, but will be away 12 July to 7 August  
inclusive. 
 
(1) ABSTRACTS 
 
Since the organisers require abstracts and a final programme by 1  
November, it is very important that John Munro and myself between us have  
details of both in good time before then. The abstract format is included  
with registration details, but I can send a copy to anyone who lets me  
know.Please be sure to furnish your own SPANISH version (sic) because  
neither John nor myself can muster anything more than degraded Spanglish.  
PLEASE BE SURE TO GET ME OR JOHN YOUR ABSTRACT (ENGLISH + SPANISH) BY 11  
OCTOBER! 
 
(2) PARTICIPATION 
 
As for the final programme, you should let us know whether or not  
you intend to participate. Clearly this will also require you to have the  
prospect of funding. Unfortunately we are not able to help anyone at this  
stage, but in some instances may be able to offer useful suggestions of  
possible sources, if you let us know. IF YOU INTEND TO BE THERE BUT NOT  
PRESENT A PAPER, PLEASE ALSO LET JOHN OR MYSELF KNOW BY 11 OCTOBER!! 
 
(3) SUGGESTIONS 
 
Both John Munro and I will welcome suggestions as to other possible  
participants, novel forms of communication (!) and means of dissemination  
other than the published Proceedings (e.g. books, co-authored reviews).  
EVEN IF YOU INTEND NEITHER TO PRESENT SOMETHING, NOR EVEN TO ATTEND, BUT  
MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO A GENERAL PUBLICATION OTHER THAN THE PROCEEDINGS,  
PLEASE LET JOHN OR MYSELF KNOW BY 11 OCTOBER!!! 
 
 
BUT the main things are that: you register if you are coming, you send us  
your abstract if you are intending to give something, and let us know if  
you are coming but will not present a paper. Thanks for your time, and  
see you there IF NOT BEFORE. 
 
Nicholas Polunin 
 
Department of Marine Sciences 
University of Newcastle 
Newcastle upon Tyne 
NE1 7RU, UK 
 
Fax +44 191 222 7891 
Tel +44 191 222 6675/6661 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug  8 09:49:52 1995 
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Date: Tue, 8 Aug 1995 14:42:27 +0100 (BST) 
From: "N.V.C. Polunin" <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
cc: MUNRO <J.MUNRO@cgnet.com> 
Subject: 'Population and Ecosystem Sustainability of Reef Fishing' Symposium at 8th ICRS Panama (24-29 June 
1996) (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91-941213.950808143713.694B-100000@eata.ncl.ac.uk> 
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Herewith copy of a circular of 8 July about a symposium on the above  
subject. Anyone interested in the possibility of presenting a paper, or  
just attending, this particular symposium at the 8ICRS in Panama, please  
get in touch with myself and John Munro very soon. Abstracts where  
applicable will be required by us by 11 October. 
 
Nicholas Polunin 
Department of Marine Sciences 
University of Newcastle NE1 &RU, UK 
Fax +44 191 222 7891 
Tel +44 191 222 6675/6659 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 8 Jul 1995 15:58:56 +0100 (BST) 
From: N.V.C. Polunin <nnvcp@eata.ncl.ac.uk> 
To: APPELDOORN <R_APPELDOORN@rumac.upr.clu.edu>, 
    BOEHLERT <George_Boehlert@ccgate.ssp.nmfs.gov>, 
    BRUGGEMANN <j.h.bruggemann@biol.rug.nl>, CADDY <John.Caddy@FAO.ORG>, 
    CARPENTER <RCarpenter@huey.csun.edu>, 
    CHRISTENSEN <v.christensen@cgnet.com>, CONAND <conand@Univ-Reunion.fr>, 
    DEMARTINI <Edward_DeMartini@ssp.nmfs.gov>, 
    GALZIN <pol@syspo.univ-perp.fr>, HATCHER <bhatcher@dal.ac.ca>, 
    HUGHES <t.hughes@JCU.edu.au>, JENNINGS <simon.jennings@ncl.ac.uk>, 
    KOSLOW <tony.koslow@ml.csiro.au>, ORMOND <tja2@vax.york.ac.uk>, 
    PAULYatubc <tautz@bcu.ubc.ca>, 
    RAWLINSON <nicholas.rawlinson@qld.ml.csiro.au>, 
    RUSS <garry.russ@jcu.edu.au>, SADOVY <yjsadovy@hkuxa.hku.hk>, 
    VINCENT <avincent@vax.oxford.ac.uk>, WRIGHT <dreww@ffa.gov.sb> 
Cc: MUNRO <J.MUNRO@CGNET.COM> 
Subject: 'Population and Ecosystem Sustainability of Reef Fishing' Symposium at 8th ICRS Panama (24-29 June 
1996) 
 
 
The proposal of John Munro and myself to hold this Symposium was finally  
accepted, and time is flying as ever. This focused meeting stands to be a  
most stimulating one, so thank you all of you who have expressed interest,  
or already agreed to give a paper; apologies to those who did neither! 
 
If any of you do not have details of the meeting, please do let the  
organisers at STRI (Panama; Maria Majela Brenes P:  
stri01.naos.brenesm@ic.si.edu) know. You should register by 1 December  
1995. I can help if necessary, but will be away 12 July to 7 August  
inclusive. 
 
(1) ABSTRACTS 
 
Since the organisers require abstracts and a final programme by 1  
November, it is very important that John Munro and myself between us have  
details of both in good time before then. The abstract format is included  
with registration details, but I can send a copy to anyone who lets me  
know.Please be sure to furnish your own SPANISH version (sic) because  
neither John nor myself can muster anything more than degraded Spanglish.  
PLEASE BE SURE TO GET ME OR JOHN YOUR ABSTRACT (ENGLISH + SPANISH) BY 11  
OCTOBER! 
 
(2) PARTICIPATION 
 
As for the final programme, you should let us know whether or not  
you intend to participate. Clearly this will also require you to have the  
prospect of funding. Unfortunately we are not able to help anyone at this  
stage, but in some instances may be able to offer useful suggestions of  
possible sources, if you let us know. IF YOU INTEND TO BE THERE BUT NOT  
PRESENT A PAPER, PLEASE ALSO LET JOHN OR MYSELF KNOW BY 11 OCTOBER!! 
 
(3) SUGGESTIONS 
 
Both John Munro and I will welcome suggestions as to other possible  
participants, novel forms of communication (!) and means of dissemination  
other than the published Proceedings (e.g. books, co-authored reviews).  
EVEN IF YOU INTEND NEITHER TO PRESENT SOMETHING, NOR EVEN TO ATTEND, BUT  
MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO A GENERAL PUBLICATION OTHER THAN THE PROCEEDINGS,  
PLEASE LET JOHN OR MYSELF KNOW BY 11 OCTOBER!!! 
 
 
BUT the main things are that: you register if you are coming, you send us  
your abstract if you are intending to give something, and let us know if  
you are coming but will not present a paper. Thanks for your time, and  
see you there IF NOT BEFORE. 
 
Nicholas Polunin 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Aug  9 11:31:52 1995 
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	 id LAA24444; Wed, 9 Aug 1995 11:29:06 -0400 
Date: Wed, 9 Aug 1995 11:29:06 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: SEAKEYS Abstract 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950809112741.24440A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
As part of our continuing effort to distribute information regarding 
coral health and monitoring, we are circulating the following 
abstract:   
 
 
Ogden,-J.C.; Porter,-J.W.; Smith,-N.P.; Szmant,-A.M.; Jaap,-W.C.; 
     Forcucci,-D.1994. A long-term interdisciplinary study of the 
     Florida Keys seascape. BULL.-MAR.-SCI. 54(3):1059-1071 
 
The SEAKEYS (Sustained Ecological Research Related to Management 
of the Florida Keys Seascape) program is a research framework 
which encompasses the large geographic scale and long time scale 
of natural marine processes and ecosystem variation upon which 
human impact is superimposed. The need for interdisciplinary 
long-term research in coastal ecosystems in critical as we 
anticipate extraordinary resource management obligations and 
scientific opportunities in the next decade. The core of the 
program is six instrumented, satellite-linked monitoring stations 
which span the 220 mile-long coral reef tract and Florida Bay and 
which, since 1991, have documented the potential impact of summer 
heating, winter cold fronts, storms, and distant floods. Meso- 
scale physical oceanographic studies have documented the net flow 
of water from Florida Bay to Hawk Channel which provides a 
potential mechanism to link water quality in Florida Bay with the 
waters of Sanctuary. Water column and sediment nutrient studies 
have shown elevated nutrient levels in nearshore waters 
decreasing sharply to low levels near the offshore coral reef 
tract. There is a potential link of nearshore and offshore via a 
seaward deflection in the near-bottom flow. Regional nutrient 
dynamics are complicated by periodic upwelling driven by the 
Florida Current. A series of long-term photomosaic stations have 
tracked coral community dynamics for more than 5 years and have 
indicated a loss of over 40% in coral cover at some sites. This 
loss may be linked to declining water quality in Florida Bay. As 
a large marine ecosystem, the new Florida Keys National Marine 
Sanctuary and adjoining parks and reserve must be studied and 
managed holistically if human use of the region is to be 
sustained. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug  8 21:23:45 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1404215053.17973@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 8 Aug 1995 18:43:19 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: FWD>Open Invitation to Mari 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Open Invitation to Marine Biodiversity 
 
 
FYI.  This announcement just arrived. 
 
   -------------------------- [Original Message] -------------------------    
   
 
   The following article comes from EcoNet, a non-profit  
   network for progressive communication. For more information about 
   EcoNet, send a blank e-mail message to: econet-info@igc.apc.org. 
 
   Written  Aug  7, 1995 by bionet@igc.apc.org in the igc conference  
   biodiversity 
 
 
         INVITATION TO PARIS WORKSHOP ON IMPLEMENTATION OF THE 
          CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN THE MARINE AND 
	        	   COASTAL ENVIRONMENT 
 
 
August 3, 1995 
 
Dear Sir/Madam, 
 
I am writing to invite you to participate in a TWO-DAY WORKSHOP ON 
MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY, to be held September 2 - 3, 1995 
at the Paris Headquarters of the U.N. Educational, Scientific and 
Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The workshop will be immediately 
followed by the first meeting of the Subsidiary Body on 
Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA) under the 
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The SBSTTA meeting, 
September 4 - 8, will also be held at UNESCOs Paris Headquarters. 
 
Our workshop is designed to help governments, nongovernmental 
organizations (NGOs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) 
prepare for the second meeting of the Conference of the Parties 
(COP2) to the CBD in November; a major focus of the COP2 meeting 
will be how the CBD should be applied to coastal and marine 
biodiversity. More specifically, the workshop will heand 
initiatives in the area of marine and coastal biodiversity that 
could be taken at the COP2 meeting. 
 
We anticipate roughly 100 participants in the workshop; most will 
likely be participating in the SBSTTA meeting as well. All 
governments that are signatories to the CBD are being invited to 
attend. Other invitees include major UN agencies, other IGOs and 
NGOs from around the world working on marine and coastal 
biodiversity and effective implementation of the CBD. 
 
In addition to IUCN - The World Conservation Union, co-sponsors of 
the workshop include, among others: Biodiversity Action Network 
(BIONET) (U.S.), Environmental Liaison Centre International (ELCI) 
(Kenya), the Government of Sweden, International Development 
Research Centre (Canada), and the World Wide Fund for Nature 
(WWF). A more detailed description of the workshop (including a 
list of all the co-sponsors) is attached, along with a provisional 
program, relevant logistical information and an  ISSUES PAPER. 
 
The program for the workshop is being organized around the  ISSUES 
PAPER 
 
which is currently being developed by IUCN in collaboration with 
the other co-sponsors. The  ISSUES PAPER  will identify and 
examine a set of priority policy issues and options for action 
particularly at the COP2 meeting in the area of marine and coastal 
biodiversity. 
 
The final version of the  ISSUES PAPER - a STEPS FORWARD PAPER, 
reflecting the Paris workshop discussions and wide input from 
other quarters - will contain a set of specific recommendations 
for decisions and actions that governments should take at the COP2 
meeting. The  STEPS FORWARD PAPER  will be circulated widely to 
governments and others in advance of the COP2 meeting, most likely 
in October. 
 
There are a number of key logistical points to mention: 
 
INTERPRETATION:     The workshop will have French, Spanish and 
English interpretation. 
 
ACCOMMODATIONS:     A list of hotels located near the UNESCO 
building is attached. 
 
FUNDING FOR PARTICIPANTS: 
Some limited funding is available to cover hotel and per diem 
costs for developing country and indigenous participants. In this 
regard, if you are interested in attending the workshop, but are 
unable to do so without some support, please contact Mr. Sheldon 
Cohen (see below) as soon as possible. 
 
Please feel free to extend this invitation to any colleagues or 
contacts who are participating in the SBSTTA meeting, or 
individuals who you think would be interested in attending the 
workshop. On the governmental side, it is our hope that officials 
charged with developing marine and coastal biodiversity policies 
and positions around the COP2 meeting will be able to attend. To 
help ensure adequate geographic balance, we ask that each invited 
government, institution or NGO seek to limit their participation 
to one or two representatives. 
 
Please direct any responses or inquiries to: Mr. Sheldon 
Cohen/Biodiversity Action Network (BIONET)/1400 16th Street, N.W. 
Suite 502/Washington, D.C. 20036  USA/ Phone: 1.202.547.8902/ Fax: 
1.202.265.0222/ Email: bionet@igc.apc.org. 
 
We look forward to your early response. 
 
Most sincerely, 
 
David McDowell Director-General, IUCN - The World Conservation 
Union 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
	      MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY 
A workshop in preparation for the second Conference of the Parties 
(COP2) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in November 
1995 
 
		       ANNOUNCEMENT 
 
 
DATE:       September 2 - 3, 1995 (Saturday and Sunday) 
 
TIME:        9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. 
 
LOCATION:        Conference Room #9 at United Nations Educational, 
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Headquarters in 
Paris, France (Address: 7, place de Fontenoy; Metro stations: 
Cambronne or Ecole Militaire) 
 
PARTICIPANTS:    About 100 participants will include: governments, 
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), intergovernmental 
organizations (IGOs) and others 
 
SPONSORS:       IUCN - The World Conservation Union, World Wide 
Fund for Nature (WWF), Government of Sweden,  International 
Development Research Centre (IDRC), Biodiversity Action Network 
(BIONET), Center for Marine Conservation (CMC), Center for 
International Environmental Law (CIEL), Environmental Liaison 
Centre International (ELCI), Indigenous Peoples' Biodiversity 
Network, and International Marine Conservation Network 
(IMCN) 
 
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. The second meeting of the Conference of 
the Parties (COP2) under the Convention on Biological Diversity 
(CBD) will be held November 6 - 17, 1995 in Jakarta. How the CBD 
should be applied to coastal and marine biodiversity is a major 
focus of the COP2 meeting. To take the fullest advantage of this 
opportunity, the Biodiversity Action Network (BIONET) has 
catalyzed an NGO campaign on marine and coastal biodiversity 
centered around stimulating needed actions by governments at the 
COP2 meeting. A major component of this campaign will be a two-day 
preparatory workshop for governments, NGOs, and IGOs to help 
identify and build support for such actions. We have linked the 
timing and location of our preparatory workshop with the first 
meeting of the CBD's Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and 
Technological Advice (SBSTTA), which will be held at UNESCO 
Headquarters September 4 - 8, immediately following the 
preparatory workshop. Therefore, we anticipate that most of the 
participants in our workshop will also be attending the SBSTTA 
meeting. 
 
An  ISSUES PAPER  is currently being developed by the above 
co-sponsors to serve as the primary background document for 
guiding the discussions at the Paris workshop. The final version 
of this document - a  STEPS FORWARD PAPER  - will reflect the 
Paris workshop discussions and other inputs, and will contain a 
set of specific recommendations for action by governments at the 
COP2 meeting. The  STEPS FORWARD PAPER  will be circulated to COP2 
participants and others in advance of the meeting. 
 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION:   Ideas, comments and inquiries regarding 
the workshop should be sent to: 
 
Sheldon Cohen, Coordinator or Jill Bukovac, Intern Biodiversity 
Action Network (BIONET) 1400 16th Street, N.W.  Suite 502 
Washington, D.C. 20036  USA Telephone: 202.547.8902/Fax: 
202.265.0222/Email: bionet@igc.apc.org 
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
	     MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY 
A workshop in preparation for the second Conference of the Parties 
(COP2) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in November 
1995 
 
PROVISIONAL PROGRAM* 
Saturday, September 2 
 
SESSION I:  OPENING SESSION 
 
Welcoming remarks, introduction to the Biodiversity Convention and 
its application to marine and coastal biodiversity, objectives and 
procedures of the workshop 
 
SESSION II:  PROTECTING IMPORTANT ECOSYSTEMS AND 
HABITATS 
 
Marine protected areas: building management capacity/involving 
local communities, a global representative system of marine 
protected areas, ecosystem management approaches 
 
SESSION III:  DEVELOPING MARINE GENETIC RESOURCES 
 
Building capacity, promoting benefit sharing from the utilization 
of marine genetic resources 
 
SESSION IV:  FILLING INFORMATION GAPS 
 
Building information capacities within countries, potential role 
of the CBD's clearinghouse mechanism and Subsidiary Body on 
Scientific, Technical and Technological Advice (SBSTTA), a global 
biodiversity inventory, a better understanding of the major causes 
of biodiversity loss 
 
Sunday, September 3 
 
SESSION V:  ENSURING SUSTAINABLE MARICULTURE 
 
Global and regional trends: production, trade, aid and 
consumption; potential impacts of mariculture on biodiversity 
loss; developing guidelines and standards to help ensure 
sustainable mariculture 
 
SESSION VI:  PREVENTING AND REDUCING MARINE POLLUTION 
 
Integrated coastal zone management, Washington Conference on 
Land-Based Activities/CBD linkages 
 
SESSION VII:  ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES 
 
Protection of artisanal fisheries and community-based management 
regimes, achieving sustainability in commercial fisheries, 
linkages between the CBD and other international agreements and 
processes 
 
SESSION VIII:  PREVENTING EXOTIC SPECIES INTRODUCTIONS 
 
A new international regulatory framework 
 
CLOSING SESSION (Review of draft workshop report, discussion of 
how to carry work forward at SBSTTA and COP2 Meetings) 
 
*  Items under each session indicate likely topics to be covered. 
Sessions will focus on how the CBD applies to these areas and 
specific steps that can be taken at the SBSTTA and COP2 meetings 
to help achieve progress in these areas. Each session will include 
extensive discussion periods. Ideas, comments and inquiries 
regarding the workshop should be sent to: Sheldon Cohen, 
Coordinator or Jill Bukovac, Intern/Biodiversity Action Network 
(BIONET)/1400 16th Street, N.W.  Suite 502/Washington, D.C. 20036 
USA/Telephone: 202.547.8902/Fax: 202.265.0222/ 
Email:bionet@igc.apc.org. 
 
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
	      MARINE AND COASTAL BIODIVERSITY 
A workshop in preparation for the second Conference of the Parties 
(COP2) to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in November 
1995 
 
LOGISTICAL INFORMATION 
 
EQUIPMENT. The following equipment will be available for use 
during the workshop: slide and overhead projectors, literature 
table, and photocopier. 
 
INTERPRETATION. Simultaneous interpretation will be provided in 
English, Spanish and French. 
 
HOTELS. The following hotels are located within a walking distance 
to the UNESCO Headquarters building, the venue for the workshop: 
 
 
HOTEL IBIS CAMBRONE 
2 rue Cambronne 75015 Paris Tel:  +331.45.67.35.20 or 45.67.97.04 
Fax:  +331.45.66.49.58 Single Room:  $85 Double Room: $95 
 
HOTEL du TOURISME 66 Avenue de la Motte Piquet 75015 Paris Tel: 
+331.47.34.28.01 Fax:   +331.47.83.66.54 Single Room:  $77 
(breakfast included) Double Room:  $87 (breakfast included) 
 
HOTEL SEGUR 
34 Boulevard Garibaldi 75015 Paris Tel:   +331.43.06.01.85 Fax: 
+331.47.34.30.82 Single Room:   $84 Double Room:   $96 
 
HOTEL BAILLY de SUFFREN 149 Avenue de Suffren 75015 Paris Tel: 
+331.47.34.58.61 Fax:   +331.45.67.75.82 Single Room:   $113 
Double Room:   $123 
 
HOTEL de L AVRE 21 rue de l Avre 75015 Paris Tel: 
+331.45.75.31.03 Fax:   +331.45.75.63.26 Single Room:  $56 
(breakfast included) Double Room:   $72 (breakfast included) 
 
HOTEL BALDI 
24 Boulevard Garibaldi 75015 Paris Tel:   +331.47.83.20.10 Fax: 
+331.44.49.08.72 Single Room:   $72 $77 Double Room:   $79 $83 
 
Support for hotel and per diem costs. Some limited funding is 
available to cover hotel and per diem costs for developing country 
and indigenous participants. In this regard, if you are interested 
in attending the workshop, but are unable to do so without some 
support, please contact Mr. Sheldon Cohen (see below) as soon as 
possible. 
 
PLEASE DIRECT ANY RESPONSES OR INQUIRIES TO:  Mr. Sheldon Cohen or 
Ms. Jill Bukovac/Biodiversity Action Network (BIONET)/1400 16th 
Street, N.W.  Suite 502/Washington, D.C. 20036  USA/ Phone: 
1.202.547.8902/ Fax: 1.202.265.0222/Email: bionet@igc.apc.org. 
 
CONTACT INFORMATION IN PARIS. A special workshop coordination 
office within the UNESCO building will be in operation during 
Thursday through Sunday, August 31 - September 3. The phone number 
will be available in the near future through BIONET. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Aug  9 21:31:04 1995 
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Date: Wed, 9 Aug 1995 21:24:25 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: El Nino; Coral-associated marine heterotrophs 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950809211441.25379A-100000@coral> 
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We are attempting to catch up on our coral health abstracts (listed at our 
Home Page http://coral.aoml.erl.gov), namely from 1994 to present.  Here 
are two from 1994:  
 
  
Lough, J.M. 1994. Climate variation and El Nino-Southern  
Oscillation events on the Great Barrier Reef: 1958 to 1987. Coral  
Reefs 13(3): 181-195. 
  
Seasonal and inter-annual variation of several surface climate  
variables near the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) are described for the  
30-year period, 1958-1987. Large inter-annual variability of  
rainfall and river flow in coastal Queensland is linked to the  
aperiodic influences of El Nino-Southern Oscillation events.  
These events also affect sea surface temperature and wind fields,  
though the inter-annual variability of these variables is not as  
large as rainfall and river flow. The major impacts on waters of  
the GBR appear to be greatly increased freshwater inputs, reduced  
surface radiation (and thus light levels) and enhanced tropical  
cyclone activity during anti-El Nino events. El Nino events have  
less effect on climate of the GBR because they tend to maintain  
winter-like conditions. The effects of this background of high  
variability in the physical environment on reef processes must be  
considered when examining changes in such processes, changes in  
climate (e.g. due to global warming) or increases in  
anthropogenic impacts. 
  
============================ 
  
Ritchie, K.B.; Smith, G.W. 1994. Carbon source utilization  
patterns of coral associated marine heterotrophs.  3rd  
International Marine Biotechnology Conference: Program, Abstracts  
and List of Participants. International Advisory Comm. of the  
Int. Marine Biotechnology Conference 1994, Tromsoe Norway TROMSOE  
NORWAY TROMSOE UNIVERSITY 1994 p. 118 
  
Very little information exists on the structure of bacterial  
communities associated with scleractinian corals. Interest,  
however, in both community structure and changes in structure,  
has increased due to the realization that bacteria may play a  
major role in certain types of bleaching events. We have  
determined carbon utilization patterns for heterotrophic  
bacterial communities associated with the hard corals Monastrea  
annularis and Acropora cervicornis. Surface samples were taken  
from both healthy and bleached areas of the corals growing off  
the coast of San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Similar population  
shifts were observed in both species during bleaching, and  
results indicate a pathogenic bacterium may be responsible for  
white band disease. 
  
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Aug 13 14:37:33 1995 
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Date: Sun, 13 Aug 1995 12:15:41 -0600 (CST) 
From: Jordan Dahlgren Eric <jordan@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: jordan@mar 
To: Coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Coral Reef Management in Latin America  VIII Coral Reef Symposium 
Message-Id: <Pine.SOL.3.91.950813113850.1317C-100000@mar> 
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CORAL REEF MANAGEMENT IN LATIN AMERICA,  A bi-lingual invitation: 
 
Como ya deben saber por la circular, estamos organizando un simposion  
sobre el manejo de arrecifes coralinos en America latina (Jorge Cortes,   
Hector Guzman y un servidor).  Esperamos poder incluir un amplio rango de  
topicos relacionados con investigacion, conservacion y manejo, con la  
mira de poder discutir ampliamente en Panama 1966, cual es la situacion  
actual en nuestros paises, intercambiar experiencias y llegar a conclusiones  
que puedan ser de utilidad para todos nosotros. 
 
Necesitamos una amplia participacion. POR FAVOR DISTRIBUYE ESTA  
INVITACION A TODOS LOS COLEGAS INTERESADOS. Necesitamos su resumen a mas  
tardar la primera semana de octubre para poder organizar el evento. Lo  
pueden enviar a la direccion y fax inbajo o si prefieren por este medio. 
 
-------------------------------- 
 
We (Jorge Cortes, Hector Guzman and Eric Jordan) are organizing a  
symposium on coral reef management in Latin America, as must of you  
should be aware by now. We hope to include a wide range of topics related  
to research, conservation and management, and whithin that framework be  
able to hold interesting discussions on Panama, about the actual  
situation in different countries, share experieces and hopefully be  
able to arrive to conclusions that may prove usefull to all of us.  
 
We need your participation !!. Be so kind to DISTRIBUTE THIS INVITATION  
AMONG INTERESTED COLLEAGUES and please, send your abstract by the  
first week of October, so that we would be able to organize the program. 
 
Send your abstract to: 
 
		Dr. Eric Jordan Dahlgren 
		Ap. Postal 833,  
		Cancun 77500, Q. Roo 
		MEXICO 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 14 08:09:20 1995 
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Date: Mon, 14 Aug 1995 08:07:11 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: recent papers: cyclone damage & recovery? (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950814080546.16678D-100000@coral> 
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Following message has been forwarded: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 14 Aug 1995 13:08:57 EST 
From: MARJI PUOTINEN <PMAP@cathar.jcu.edu.au> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: recent papers: cyclone damage & recovery? 
 
Dear Netters, 
I am a PhD student investigating the impact of tropical cyclones on  
coral reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Region.    
 
If anyone is aware of very recent  journal articles, conference proceedings, etc  
that have not yet made it into the literature, I would greatly  
appreciate it.  In return, I promise to post a copy of my  
bibliography to the list once completed. 
 
Thanks in advance! 
Marji Puotinen 
 ---------------------------------------------       
| MARJETTA L. PUOTINEN                        | 
| Tropical Envir. Studies & Geography Dept.   | 
| James Cook University of North Queensland   | 
| Townsville, QLD  4811  AUSTRALIA            | 
| Phone (077)81-5565  Fax (077)81-4020        | 
| Internet: PMAP@cathar.jcu.edu.au            | 
|           tgmp@ikarus.jcu.edu.au            | 
 --------------------------------------------- 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 11 11:43:31 1995 
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Date: Fri, 11 Aug 1995 11:40:52 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral reef biodiversity abstract 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950811113724.9944C-100000@coral> 
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As part of our continuing effort to distribute information regarding 
coral health and monitoring, we are circulating the following 
abstract:   
  
Sebens, K.P. 1994. Biodiversity of coral reefs: What are we  
losing and why?  Am. Zool. 34(1): 115-133. 
  
Coral reefs are threatened by numerous anthropogenic impacts,  
some of which have already had major effects worldwide. These  
unique tropical environments harbor a high diversity of corals,  
reef invertebrates, fish and other animals and plants. In most  
taxa, the species diversity of reef-associated organisms is  
poorly understood because many of the species have yet to be  
collected and described. High coral mortality has been associated  
with natural events such as hurricanes, predator outbreaks and  
periods of high temperature, but has also resulted from excess  
nutrients in sewage and from specific pollutants. Reef corals and  
associated organisms are also threatened by the possibility of  
global warming which will result in rising sea levels and periods  
of increased temperature stress, and which may also bring  
increased storm frequency and intensity. Although the recent  
extensive episodes of coral bleaching in the Caribbean and  
eastern Pacific cannot be causally related to global warming at  
this time, the close link between bleaching and temperature  
suggests that global warming will result in severe changes in  
coral assemblages. Major reef destruction has followed outbreaks  
of the predatory seastar Acanthaster planci in the Pacific.  
Although this is considered part of a natural disturbance cycle,  
there are indications that altered land use patterns and  
reduction of predators on this seastar by human activities may  
have increased the severity of outbreaks. Recreational and  
commercial use of reefs has also increased, and has caused  
extensive damage, especially near areas of high population  
density. One of the most obvious and widespread losses to reef  
biota is the reduction in fish populations from intense  
overfishing in most reef areas of the world. Coasts without  
adequately managed reefs have suffered intense overfishing for  
both local and export purposes, to the point where the positive  
effects of fish on those reefs have been compromised. The  
combination of these destructive factors has altered reefs in all  
localities, and many that were once considered protected by  
distance and low population density are now being exploited as  
well. On the positive side, improved understanding of ecological  
processes on reefs combined with concerted conservation efforts  
have managed to protect some extensive areas of reef for the  
future. 
  
  
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 14 10:29:17 1995 
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Date: Mon, 14 Aug 1995 09:28:19 -0500 (CDT) 
From: "Erich M. Mueller" <emueller@jaguar1.usouthal.edu> 
Reply-To: "Erich M. Mueller" <emueller@jaguar1.usouthal.edu> 
Subject: change of address 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Friends & Colleagues, 
 
Please note my address and number changes. The Florida Keys Marine  
Research Center is located on Pigeon Key, FL. Please contact me after 1  
Sept. if you have questions or need facilities on the island. I can be  
reached via email sooner if you need info more quickly. 
 
 
   Mote Marine Laboratory 
   Florida Keys Marine Research Center 
   P.O. Box 500895 
   Marathon, FL   33050 
 
   phone: (305) 289-4282 
   FAX:   (305) 289-9664 
   email: FKMRC@aol.com 
  
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 15 20:44:34 1995 
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Date: 	Tue, 15 Aug 1995 14:40:21 -1000 
From: Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: 8ICRS Abstract Deadlines--New Approaches/Clonal Organisms 
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New Approaches to Understanding the Evolution of Clonal Organisms 
8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama 
June 24-29, 1996 
 
Dear Colleague: 
 
A symposium addressing new methods in cellular, biochemical and molecular  
research on the evolution of clonal organisms will be held at the 8th  
International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama, June 24-29, 1996.  We are  
presently finalizing our list of speakers and request that all interested  
researchers confirm their participation in this symposium prior to  
September 8.  All symposium participants are also requested to submit  
abstracts (in English and Spanish--please see 8ICRCS Circular for  
Abstract forms and formats) to the symposia organizers before October  
18.  We will then forward all abstracts received to the Panama organizers  
prior to their November 1 deadline. 
 
If you have questions or need additional information, please contact  
either of us at the addresses listed below.  Please send confirmation of  
participation and completed abstracts to Cindy Hunter--again, by October  
18.   
 
Thank you for your interest.  We look forward to an exciting session!  
 
		 
Co-organizers:											
			 
Cynthia L. Hunter			Buki Rinkevich 
Botany Department 			Israel Oceanographic and  
				        Limnological Research Ltd.  
3190 Maile Way			  
University of Hawaii			Tel Shikmona, P.O.B 8030 
Honolulu, HI  96822			Haifa, 31080 
USA					ISRAEL 
tel:	(808) 956-3946			tel:	(972) 4-515202 
fax:	(808) 956-3923			fax:	(972) 4-511911 
email:	   cindyh@hawaii.edu 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Aug 16 10:05:39 1995 
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Date: Wed, 16 Aug 1995 09:58:37 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu 
Subject: Coral Spawning 
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Last night we observed several large colonies of Acropora palmata spawn on a 
reef at the sothern end of Biscayne National Park, Florida.  Bundle 
formation began ca. 10 pm and most of the spawning was between 10:30 and 11 
pm.  Most of the colonies on the reef did not spawn.  We'd be interested in 
hearing about other observations of Acropora spawning (there was no A. 
cervicornis on our reef but it was expected to spawn at about the same 
time).  We are expecting Montastraea spawning over the next 3 nights with 
Thursday night (August 17) being the most likely (again 10:30 - 11:30 pm).  
***************************************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
RSMAS-MBF, University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
Tel:  (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 
e-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Aug 17 14:01:06 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu 
Subject: more spawning 
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Last night all three sibling species of Montastraea "annularis" spawned on a 
reef in Biscayne National Park from 9:30 pm (M. franksi) to 10:30 to 11:30 
pm (M. annularis and faveolata).  Heavy spawning was observed but not all 
colonies spawned.  The one colony of Acropora palmata on this reef did not 
spawn.  No other species were observed to spawn.  We'd like to hear from 
other observers!!  We plan to be out there again tonight. 
 
Cheers... 
***************************************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
RSMAS-MBF, University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
Tel:  (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 
e-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 18 13:54:54 1995 
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Date: Fri, 18 Aug 1995 10:25:40 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: C-MAN funding 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950818102122.16512B-100000@coral> 
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The following message from Dr. John Ogden (jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu) of 
the Florida Institute of Oceanography is herewith forwarded to  
the coral-list group: 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
ATTENTION: USERS OF C-MAN DATA IN THE FLORIDA KEYS 
 
     Two weeks ago we met with Doug Scally of the NOAA National Data Buoy 
Center (NDBC) to discuss the dismantling in October of the network of 
oceanographically enhanced C-MAN stations which we installed and operated 
in the Florida Keys from 1989-1995.  While the utility of the system and 
the importance of the data have been amply documented by many users and 
relevant NOAA agencies, the FIO has not been successful in turning this 
interest into funding.  
 
     When we began in 1989, there were two National Weather Service (NWS) 
C- MAN stations at Molasses and Sombrero Reefs.  We enhanced these with 
oceanographic (temperature, salinity, and light) sensors and added 4 more 
enhanced C-MAN stations (Fowey Rocks, Long Key (Florida Bay), Sand Key, 
and Dry Tortugas) to form a network encompassing the geographic scale of 
the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  We operated these stations 
with the cooperation of NDBC for 4 years, generating unique data on 
storms, annual temperature cycles, and floods and gaining a great amount 
of experience in coastal monitoring.  We also learned a great deal about 
the deployment of sensors in biofouling coastal environments and the 
application of this infrastructure to ground-truth satellite observations.  
Most of the annual budget supported two persons and a computer facility 
for on-site data reduction at our Keys Marine Laboratory, and a boat, 
trailer and truck for weekly maintenance of the stations.  Our staff also 
worked with a variety investigators on related physical and chemical 
studies and made data available in demand to many users.  
 
     With the help of NDBC, the NWS has taken over the funding of the 
C-MAN portions (not the oceanographic sensors) of the stations at Fowey 
and Dry Tortugas.  Thus, we will be left with 4 meteorological stations 
(Fowey, Molasses, Sombrero, and Dry Torugas).  However, loss of the 
Keys-wide oceanographic observations and our staff at KML will cripple the 
baseline data requirements for the major management actions planned in 
south Florida and will damage the development of oceanographic 
observational capabilities basic to adaptive management.  As our staff was 
a key element in system maintenance, their loss will compromise even the 
meteorological observations.  
 
     We need a minimum of support to carry us next year.  We will use the 
time to continue to seek funding partners and to assess the data users to 
define minimum data needs.  With a little time, we feel that we can 
"strategically downsize" the system while serving the future needs of 
scientists and managers in the region.  An abrupt dismantling of the 
system will essentially waste 5 years of cooperative effort and nearly $1 
million in private, state, and federal funds.  
 
     You can help by making your voice heard.  
 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 18 13:56:39 1995 
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Date: Fri, 18 Aug 1995 13:32:38 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coastwatch and C-MAN fixes 
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-- Coastwatch -- 
 
We have modified source code which extracts Coastwatch data for  
presentation on our Home Page so that you may now better observe relative  
temperature differences for South Florida images.  Note the color bar at  
the bottom of each image. 
 
Soon we hope to add images from Hawaii and the Caribbean. 
 
Once again please note that these images are only meant to give a rough 
idea of sea surface temperatures in the region.  You may compare the 
images with postings of actual temperatures on the C-MAN pages.  To obtain 
the actual Coastwatch images, which can present fairly accurate 
temperatures as well as latitude and longitude at your cursor, contact 
Arthur Chester at:  
 
	achester@hatteras.bea.nmfs.gov  
 
 
-- C-MAN -- 
 
A problem with parsing salinities at the Sand Key C-MAN station has been  
fixed.  The salinity meter at Sombrero Key is not working. 
 
A problem with daily updates of the C-MAN data has been fixed.  The  
problem mainly lies in not being able to get the raw data via FTP--it is  
only available via modem.  Sometimes the modem is not successful in  
collecting the data from the remote site (Wallups Island, VA).  We hope  
to be able access the data via FTP in the not-too-distant future. 
 
We anticipate posting some of the historical Florida Institute of 
Oceanography (FIO) enhanced C-MAN data (salinity, PAR, sea temperature) 
within the next couple of weeks.  
 
If you have a need for the historical or real-time FIO-enhanced C-MAN  
data please let us know soon. 
 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	The Coral Health and Monitoring Program (CHAMP) 
	coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 18 19:16:52 1995 
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Date: Fri, 18 Aug 1995 19:14:30 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu 
Subject: more spawning 
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The folks at Biscayne National Park documented more spawning by at least two 
of the Montastraea species of coral again Thursday night a bit later than on 
Wednesday night.  Some of the same colonies were observed to spawn & some 
that did not spawn on WEednesday spawned.  I heard from nancy Knowlton from 
STRI in Panama, and they did have some spawning in San Blas, but they think 
that many of their corals will spawn in September since they appear to have 
unripe gonads at this time.  Acropora palmata was observed to spawn 
Wednesday night by John Halas in Key Largo (we observed it Tuesday night in 
BNP).  We have larval cultures from these 4 species (3 M. annularis sibs & 
A. palmata) going in the lab & in the field to see if we can get settlement. 
Would like to hear about spawning by other species??? 
***************************************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
RSMAS-MBF, University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
Tel:  (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 
e-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
**************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Aug 19 10:58:51 1995 
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From: JOSHUA Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
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Cc: Joshua Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
Subject: Yet More Coral Spawning 
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In a follow-up to Alina Szmant's observations, spawning of Acropora  
palmata was observed last night (18 August) on Molassas Reef, Key Largo,  
Florida. Pink-orange bundles were observed in the upper gastrovascular  
cavity at 2148 hrs in 4 of 8 colonies. Bundle release commenced at  
2238 hrs and ended at 2309 hrs. Surprisingly, the first portions of  
the colony to become active were along the margins and undersides of  
branches. 
 
Activity (spawning or planulation) was not observed in any other coral  
species, including Montastrea annularis, Colpophyllia natans, Diploria  
labyrinthiformis, Siderastrea siderea, Siderastrea radians, Favia fragum  
and Dichocoenia stokesii. However, other dive vessels (at Key  
Largo Dry Rocks) did report spawning activity in "star coral" (probably  
Montastrea sp.). Our observations were made from 2109 hrs (18 August)  
through 0008 hrs (19 August). 
 
Following spawning, bundles floated to the surface where snorkelers  
reported that they were being eaten by "hoards of fish". 
 
Nancy Gassman 
and 
Joshua Feingold 
joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Aug 19 23:40:09 1995 
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Date: Sun, 20 Aug 1995 13:17:34 +1000 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au (Ove Hoegh-Guldberg) 
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Dear all, 
 
As was announced in the Second Circular for the 8th International Coral Reef 
Symposium, we are organising sessions of contributed papers on  "Nutrient 
dynamics and coral reef ecosystems".  We are putting out our "last call" for 
speakers and rseaerch groups interested in particpating. 
 
We are interested papers in these general areas: 
 
        1.  Biochemical and Physiological  Processes and Mechanisms  
        2.  Ecosystem scale changes in response to nutrient perturbations 
        3.  Policy Implementation: science and management 
 
We hope you will join us in these sessions.  Please communicate your 
interest (and provisional titles) to one of us (Hoegh-Guldberg) by e-mail, 
as soon as possibel  
 
With thanks and anticipation, 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr Ove Hoegh-Guldberg           Professor Tony Larkum                   Mr 
Andrew Steven 
School of Biological Sciences 
University of Sydney			                                  
Building A08							 
University of Sydney			 
NSW 2006 Australia 
Ph:    +61 2 351 2389 
Fax:  +61 2 351 4119 
email:  oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au	 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                              Ph:    (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences                   Fax:  (02) 351-4119  
Building A08                                           Country code 
Australia = 61 
University of Sydney 
2006 NSW Australia 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Aug 20 20:09:44 1995 
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Date: Thu, 17 Aug 1995 14:48:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
Subject: Opinion Wanted! 
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TO        :    Coral List 
FROM      :    John W. McManus/ICLARM 
DATE      :    August 17, 1995 
 
Opinions wanted! 
 
We are looking for a commercial reference-handling program.  It should be  
Windows-based, be capable of handling a few tens of thousands of references,  
and should make it very easy to generate a bibliography in one format and  
change it to another format.  For example, it should be able to shift a  
manuscript from Coral Reefs to Science formats, including converting  
citations in the text from author-year to number. 
 
We are seeking candid evaluations of systems you are familiar with.  We  
promise not to quote anybody.  Please replies directly to:  
 J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
Thank you. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Coastal and Coral Reef Resource Systems Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
3rd Floor, Bloomingdale Building, Salcedo Street 
Legaspi Village, Makati, Metro Manila 1229 
Philippines 
Tel. No. (63-2)8180466 
Fax No. (63-2)8163183 
E-Mail: J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Aug 20 21:16:35 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: smiller@gate.net (Steven Miller) 
Subject: Keyswide coral reef expedition 
Date: Sun, 20 Aug 1995 19:54:16 
cc: smiller@gate.net 
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The first of three mission legs is underway to document coral reef community  
structure throughout the Florida Keys, from south of Miami to the Dry  
Tortugas.  Fourteen scientists have assembled on the M/V Seaward Explorer for  
10 days to specifically work the deep intermediate reefs, in 50 -70 feet of  
water.  One of our operating premises is that to understand system variability  
it is important to survey many reefs, rather than looking at a few in great  
detail.  We plan to visit up to 30 sites, working 10 days this month, 7 days  
in September, and 10 days in October.  Principal investigators on the  
first leg include Steven Miller (NURC/UNCW), John and Nancy Ogden (FIO), Rich  
Aronson (Dauphin Island Sea Lab), Dennis Hanisak HBOI), Jim Bohnsack (NMFS),  
Tracy Baynes (NMFS), and Gene Shinn (USGS). 
 
Video transects, photography, fish censuses, algal collections, and  
nutrient-related work comprise a large part of the effort.  A substantial  
amount of subjective discussion is held each day as well, to provide overview  
and an immediate product.  The project is a cooperative effort among several  
agencies, with administration and operational support provided by the National  
Undersea Research Center at the University of North Carolina at Wilmington.   
The Florida Institute of Oceanography is providing ship time and funding, as  
are the National Park Service and the National Marine Sanctuary Program.   
Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution is also contributing substantially to  
the program by providing ship time for leg two in September. 
 
Updates will be provided at the end of the cruise, later this month.  Please  
send inquiries to Steven Miller at the above e-mail adress, or to  
millers@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu. 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 21 05:17:45 1995 
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Date: Mon, 21 Aug 1995 15:43:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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TO        :    Coral-List 
FROM      :    John W. McManus/ICLARM 
DATE      :    August 21, 1995 
 
The reports of spawning dates of corals could get very exciting.  We believe  
that the synchronicity of spawning varies from highly synchronous in the GBR  
to less synchronous in parts of the Philippines and elsewhere.  It is likely  
that the degree of synchronicity is dependent on the predictability and  
nature of oceanographic features (see Sinclair's book "Marine Populations").  
 If enough people watch for and report spawning of corals in different areas  
we will be able to home in on causation.  This will ultimately be very  
useful for marine reserve design and other attempts to keep reefs healthy.  
 Congratulations to alina Szmant and colleagues for starting a good thing.  
 We hope others will follow-up. 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Coastal and Coral Reef Resource Systems Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
Fax No. (63-2) 816-31-83 
Tel. No. (63-2) 818-04-66 
E-Mail:  J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 21 05:17:46 1995 
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Date: Mon, 21 Aug 1995 16:27:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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TO        :    Coral-List 
FROM      :    John W. McManus 
DATE      :    August 21, 1995 
 
We are ReefBase are very concerned about the news that portions of the C-MAN  
monitoring system may become inoperative. Our worldwide search for data on  
coral reefs has confirmed that long term data of the king being obtained by  
the C-MAN system is very rare.  It is quite obvious from recent revelations  
concerning coral bleaching and other problems that scientific progress on  
understanding these phenomena will be very difficult in the absence of  
reliable, site specific environmental data and associated benthic studies.  
 We urge readers of coral-list to seek ways to keep the C-MAN system going. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Coastal and Coral Reef Resource Systems Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 21 08:34:50 1995 
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Date: Mon, 21 Aug 1995 08:29:57 -0400 (AST) 
From: Callum Roberts <croberts@uvi.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral spawning 
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Just for the sake of geographical spread, I have heard second hand from 
Erkki Siirila (WWF/Encore, St. Lucia) that Montastrea's and brittle stars 
were busy spawning on the night of 17th August in St. Lucia. No other  
details but the timing is spot on compared with other places. 
 
Callum Roberts 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 22 09:48:28 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1403041605.98819@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 22 Aug 1995 08:40:05 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Biodiversity Forum 
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                      Subject:                              Time:  9:41 AM 
  OFFICE MEMO         Biodiversity Forum                    Date:  8/22/95 
 
Forwarded Message: 
 
ANNOUNCEMENT   CALL FOR PAPERS 
 
 
GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FORUM 
4-5 November 1995 
Atlet Century Park Hotel 
Jl Pintu Satu Senayan 
Jakarta, Indonesia 
 
 
Convenors: 
 
Indonesian Biodiversity Foundation (KEHATI) 
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) - Indonesia Programme 
IUCN - The World Conservation Union 
World Resources Institute (WRI) 
African Centre for Technological Studies (ACTS) 
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 
 
 
 
 
BACKGROUND 
 
The third meeting of the Global Biodiversity Forum (GBF) will be 
convened on 4-5 November 1995, immediately prior to the second 
meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on 
Biological Diversity (COP2), 6-17 November 1995.  GBF-Jakarta 
will be held at the Atlet Century Park Hotel, which is near the 
venue for COP2. 
 
The GBF provides for an independent, open process to foster 
analysis and unencumbered dialogue and debate among interested 
parties to address the key ecological, economic, institutional 
and social issues related to the options for action to save, 
study and use biodiversity sustainably and equitably.  It works 
closely with those involved with the further development and 
implementation of the Convention at the local and national level 
to complement the intergovernmental process with perspectives and 
proposals from independent sources.  Forum-like events were held 
under the aegis of the Global Biodiversity Strategy, the 
Convention, and the preparations of AGENDA 21. The first formal 
test of the Forum concept was hosted by the African Centre for 
Technology Studies (ACTS) in Nairobi in January 1993. The first 
meeting of the GBF was hosted by IUCN in October 1993, in Gland, 
Switzerland, and examined critical issues facing the further 
development of the Convention.  It was held immediately prior to 
the first meeting of the Intergovernmental Committee on the 
Convention on Biological Diversity.  The second meeting of the 
GBF was hosted by the Bahamas National Trust and held immediately 
prior to the first meeting of the COP to the Convention, in 
Nassau, in November 1994. 
 
GBF-Jakarta will focus on four themes: Marine Biodiversity; 
Regulation of Access to Genetic Resources; Decentralization of 
Governance and Biodiversity Conservation; and Forests and 
Biodiversity. 
 
CALL FOR PAPERS 
 
Interested parties from all sectors are invited to submit one- 
page, type-written abstracts of papers for presentation in any of 
the four themes at the Forum.  Abstracts must be received by IUCN 
by 10 September 1995.  Please use the form below.  A limited 
number of papers will be chosen for formal presentation at the 
Forum.  All participants are encouraged to bring short ideas and 
proposals for presentation and debate.  Every effort will be made 
by the hosts to reproduce and distribute them. The Forum in not 
an academic seminar, and at least 50 percent of its time will be 
devoted to open discussion among all participants. 
 
The selection of papers will be made by Workshop organizers and 
Forum convenors on the basis of relevance to the topic, quality, 
balance among sectors, and geographical balance.  Authors 
selected to present papers will be contacted by 15 September. 
The selected authors will then need to submit their completed 
papers to IUCN by 15 October, so that they may be reproduced for 
distribution at the Forum.  Papers not selected for formal 
presentation will still be reproduced for distribution at the 
Forum and will be considered for subsequent publication in the 
Forum proceedings. 
 
FORMAT AND AGENDA 
 
The Forum will consist of an opening and closing plenary, and 
four parallel workshops to address each of the four themes.  In 
addition, four lunch-time sessions are being scheduled during the 
COP to carry on the discussion on these issues. 
 
Marine Biodiversity:  At the COP1, governments agreed to take up 
marine biodiversity as the main ecosystem theme of COP2. 
Conservation of marine biodiversity raises questions 
significantly different from those in the terrestrial context. 
This workshop will provide a venue for all interested sectors to 
share information and strategies concerning the conservation and 
sustainable use of marine biodiversity and biological resources. 
Those submitting abstracts may wish to consider the following 
areas: unique problems of marine biodiversity conservation and 
proposed solutions; marine protected area management and policy; 
community-based coastal resources management; marine biodiversity 
prospecting; needs and mechanisms for regional and international 
cooperation; relationship of the Biodiversity Convention to other 
international marine treaties and programmes; funding priorities 
for marine biodiversity conservation; and priorities for special 
action by the COP and its Subsidiary Bodies on marine 
biodiversity. 
 
Organizers:  Biodiversity Action Network (BIONET), USA; Tambuyog 
Development Center, Philippines; WRI, Philippines/USA; and IUCN- 
US. 
 
Regulating Access to Genetic Resources:  The Biodiversity 
Convention establishes that genetic resources lie within the 
sovereign jurisdiction of individual nations.  Countries are now 
moving to establish legal regimes to regulate access to and 
utilization of their genetic resources, which due to the rapid 
development of biotechnologies, are becoming increasingly 
valuable as raw material in the development of drugs, crops, and 
industrial material and processes.  But few models for regulating 
access yet exist, capacities to enforce such regulatory regimes 
are weak and working mechanisms for ensuring the equitable 
sharing of benefits from genetic resources utilization -- both 
among and within nations -- are in their infancy.  Those 
submitting abstracts are encouraged to consider the following 
areas:  current national-level efforts to develop policies and 
laws regulating genetic resources access; case studies of ongoing 
"biodiversity prospecting" efforts and their legal and/or 
contractual basis; informed consent by and compensation for local 
communities within national access regulation frameworks; 
principles and mechanisms for benefit-sharing; the unique 
situation of indigenous peoples with respect to genetic resources 
exploitation in their territories; building capacity to regulate 
and benefit from genetic resources utilization; and the need for 
international mechanisms to harmonize and give effect to national 
access regulation regimes. 
 
Organizers:  African Centre for Technology Studies (ACTS), Kenya; 
WRI; IUCN Environmental Law Centre, Germany; Peruvian Society for 
Environmental Law; and the Institute of International Legal 
Studies, Philippines. 
 
Decentralization of Governance and Biodiversity Conservation: 
Many national governments are moving to decentralize a share of 
their powers to provincial, state, or lower levels of government, 
or even giving some of their traditional responsibilities to the 
private sector.  At the same time, the role of non-governmental 
actors and community-based institutions in carrying out many 
"governmental" functions is growing larger.  The Biodiversity 
Convention, however, pays little attention to the roles of local 
government and the institutions of local civil society in 
conserving biodiversity.  Individuals submitting abstracts for 
this workshop may wish to consider the following questions: What 
experience exists to date with decentralization of biodiversity 
management? What steps need to be taken to ensure that increasing 
decentralization of governance helps rather than hurts 
biodiversity conservation?  What are the key needs for capacity- 
building at the sub-national levels?  How can financing of 
biodiversity conservation flow directly to local level efforts 
and reflect local level priorities? 
 
Organizers: KEHATI, IUCN, and WWF-Indonesia Programme 
 
Forests and biodiversity:  Forests are a key repository for the 
earth's biodiversity, as well as important resources for both 
national and local economies.  Forest loss has been a topic of 
great concern, particulary in the species-rich tropical forests, 
for at least a decade or more.  There is general agreement that 
knowledge of the various factors affecting forests, and 
particularly the interactions among them, are as yet poorly 
understood.  Better and more relevant research is necessary to 
provide answers to the intricate problems of sustainable forest 
management.   Furthermore, there was no agreement at UNCED on a 
mechanism for promoting sustainability in the world's forests.  A 
protocol under the Convention on Biological Diversity has been 
one proposed mechanism, but can the Convention effectively 
address the myriad of socio-economic and biophysical factors 
affecting the sustainability of forests?  What specific steps 
should be taken within the context of the Biodiversity 
Convention?  What is the role of science in helping the develop a 
comprehensive mechanism to promote sustainable forest management? 
 
Organizers:  Centre for International Forest Research (CIFOR), 
Indonesia; WWF Forest Project, Switzerland; and others to be 
added. 
 
PARTICIPATION AND REGISTRATION FEES 
 
Please use the participation form provided below to notify the 
organizers of your intent to participate.  The deadline for 
receiving the participation form is 30 September 1995. 
 
Registration for the Forum will cost US$25 for all participants, 
to cover the costs of refreshments and photocopying. The fee will 
be collected at the registration desk.  A very limited number of 
waivers on the fee will be made available to those with the 
greatest financial need but only on the basis of a written 
application to Jeffrey McNeely prior to 20 October 1995. 
 
 
FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE 
 
Financial assistance for airfare and per diem will be made 
available to developing country participants chosen to present 
formal papers or to otherwise contribute to the Forum pending the 
outcome of ongoing fundraising efforts.  All participants 
requiring financial assistance are urged to also seek travel 
support from the local offices of international donor 
organizations.  For government representatives from developing 
countries wishing to participate in the Forum, funding will be 
sought to provide the necessary additional per diem expenses. 
 
 
HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS 
 
The venue for the Global Biodiversity Forum is the Atlet Century 
Park Hotel (3 Star, Single = $98; Double = $108), which is near 
the Jakarta Convention Centre where the second meeting of the 
Conference of Parties will be held.  Please fill in the hotel 
section of the Participation Form if you require assistance with 
hotel arrangements. 
 
 
For further information regarding the Global Biodiversity Forum, 
please contact: 
 
Jeffrey McNeely, Chief Biodiversity Officer, Global Biodiversity Forum '95, 
IU 
CN-The 
World Conservation Union, 28 Rue Mauverney, CH-1196 Gland, Switzerland.  Tel: 
+41.22.999-0001; Fax: +41.22.999-0025; email: jam@hq.iucn.ch 
 
                                GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FORUM '95 
 
                                  ABSTRACT SUBMISSION FORM 
                               (Please type or print clearly) 
 
 
PLEASE RETURN WITH ONE PAGE ABSTRACT BY 10 SEPTEMBER 1995 TO: 
Jeffrey McNeely, Global Biodiversity Forum '95, IUCN, 28 Rue Mauverney, 
CH-119 
6 
Gland, Switzerland.  Tel: +41.22.999-0001; Fax: +41.22.999-0025; E-mail: 
jam@h 
q.iucn.ch 
 
 
PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY 
 
Mr/Ms         ________________________________________________________ 
              Family name                 First name 
 
Organization  ________________________________________________________ 
 
Address       ________________________________________________________ 
 
____________________________________________________________________ 
 
____________________________________________________________________ 
 
Tel    ______________________ 
 
Fax    ______________________ 
 
Email  ______________________ 
 
 
SUBMITTED TO (please check relevant workshop(s)): 
 
       Marine Biodiversity 
       Regulation of Access to Genetic Resources 
       Decentralization of Governance and Biodiversity Conservation 
       Forests and Biodiversity 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                GLOBAL BIODIVERSITY FORUM '95 
 
                                     PARTICIPATION FORM 
 
 
PLEASE RETURN BY 30 SEPTEMBER 1995 TO:  Russell Betts or Rita Oetomo, 
World Wide Fund for Nature/Indonesia Programme,  Jl. Kramat Pela No. 3, 
Gandar 
ia 
Utara, Jakarta Selatan 12140, Indonesia.  Tel: 
+6221.720-3095/724-5766/739-590 
7; Fax: 
+6221.739-5907; E-mail: 2518413@mcimail.com 
 
 
PLEASE PRINT CLEARLY 
 
Mr/Ms         ________________________________________________________ 
              Family name                 First name 
 
Organization  ________________________________________________________ 
 
Address       ________________________________________________________ 
 
____________________________________________________________________ 
 
____________________________________________________________________ 
 
____________________________________________________________________ 
 
Tel    ______________________ 
 
Fax    ______________________ 
 
Email  ______________________ 
 
 
 
HOTEL RESERVATION (Please mark as appropriate): 
 
SINGLE: _____ 
DOUBLE: _____ 
 
Price Range:  Below US$40_____     US$40 - 49 _____     US$50 - 59 _____ 
              US$60 - 69 _____     US$70 - 79 _____     US$80 - 89 _____ 
              Above US$90_____ 
 
If you already know the hotel at which you wish to be booked, kindly print 
the 
name 
here:_______________________________ 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 22 15:48:05 1995 
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Date: Tue, 22 Aug 1995 12:50:13 -0700 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: jhardy@henson.cc.wwu.edu (Jack Hardy) 
Subject: Panama Symposium Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs 
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Dear Colleague: 
 
I am organizing a symposium on "Remote Sensing of Coral Reefs" as part of 
the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama, June 24 to 29, 1996. 
I am currently finalizing the list of speakers.  If you are interested in 
presenting information related to remote sensing of reefs, please confirm 
your interest and title to me as soon possible and no later than September 
18.  Space is limited, so we retain the right to select those abstracts to 
be presented orally.  All symposium participants are also requested to 
submit abstracts to me by October 18.  Abstracts must be in both English 
and Spanish.  For format see the 8th ICRS Circular or contact H.A. Lessios, 
editor ICRS, at STRI01.NAOS.LESSIOSH@IC.SI.EDU 
 
Again, please send abstracts to me (both hardcopy and disk-labelled with 
your name and type of software used) by October 18 at the following 
address: 
 
Jack Hardy 
Center for Environmental Science 
Western Washington University 
Bellingham, Washington 98225-9181 
USA 
phone 360-650-6108 
FAX 360-650-7284 
e-mail jhardy@henson.cc.wwu.edu 
 
Thank you for your interest.  We look forward to an exciting session. 
 
Jack Hardy, Director 
Center for Environmental Sciences 
Western Washington University 
Bellingham, WA 98225-9181 
voice 360-650-6108 
fax 360-650-7284 
 
Jack Hardy, Director 
Center for Environmental Sciences 
Western Washington University 
Bellingham, WA 98225-9181 
voice 360-650-6108 
fax 360-650-7284 
 
Jack Hardy, Director 
Center for Environmental Sciences 
Western Washington University 
Bellingham, WA 98225-9181 
voice 360-650-6108 
fax 360-650-7284 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 25 07:38:45 1995 
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Date: Thu, 24 Aug 1995 09:21:17 -0900 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: fichez@tahiti.orstom.fr 
Subject: Anthropogenic impact Symposium 
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Dear Colleagues: 
 
David Klumpp, Brian Lapointe and I are organizing a symposium on=20 
"Anthropogenic disturbance in coral reef environments : respective interest= 
=20 
of in situ and experimental approaches" as part of the 8th International=20 
Coral Reef Symposium in Panama, June 24 to 29, 1996. This symposium is=20 
planned as a 1 day session hosting no more than 15 talks. Here are the=20 
symposium objectives as defined in the proposal to the organizing committee. 
 
        To address issues on anthropogenic impacts on coral reef=20 
environments. This symposium will gather the growing number of scientists=20 
working on the topic to present their results and projects. A special=20 
emphasis will be given to the impacts of eutrophication, sedimentation=20 
enhancement and overfishing and to work linking community composition with= 
=20 
ecosystem functionning. 
	Topics of major interest will be  : 
	- How anthropogenic activities modify community equilibrium. 
	- How human related changes in community composition affect the whole reef= 
=20 
equilibrium. 
	- Bioindicators, how usefull are they ? 
	- Records of  human related environmental changes during the past 100= 
 years. 
	- Experimental approaches of anthropogenic modifications. 
	- Synergy between catastrophic events and chronic anthropogenic= 
 disturbances. 
 
        Practically and according to the meeting imposed schedule we are=20 
calling for abstracts (both printed and on a disk with name and software=20 
used) to be delivered to Dr. R. Fichez in Tahiti before the 1st of October= 
=20 
1995. Abstract standards are provided in the Panama Symposium 2nd circular.= 
=20 
Please be aware that abstract have to be written in both English and Spanish= 
=20 
! Please also mention whether you wish to give a talk or display a poster. 
 
        I sincerely hope that a symposium on such a major concerne will=20 
gather a significant number of scientists. 
 
 
        * Renaud FICHEZ, Centre ORSTOM-Tahiti, BP 529, Papeete, French=20 
Polynesia.=20 
			Fax : (689) 42 95 55 
			E-mail : FICHEZ@ORSTOM.ORSTOM.FR 
 
        * David KLUMPP, AIMS, PMB N=B03, Townsville, Queensland 4810,= 
 Australia 
			Fax : 61 77 72 58 52 
			E-mail : D_KLUMPP@AIMS.GOV.AU 
 
        * Brian E. LAPOINTE, Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution, Box= 
 297A,=20 
	Big Pine Key, Florida 33043, USA 
			E-mail : LAPOINTE@GATE.NET 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 25 08:05:58 1995 
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Date: Fri, 25 Aug 1995 08:04:54 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Stormy Weather 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950825080107.675B-100000@coral> 
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Unfortunately, the CHAMP (Coral Health and Monitoring Program) Home Page 
and coral-list server were knocked out by Tropical Storm Jerry, but are 
back in the ring.  In light of this storm, the two others that appear to 
be heading this way, and in remembering Hurricane Andrew which struck here 
three years ago yesterday, we offer the following two new abstracts to be 
added to our CHAMP Home Page:  
  
==================== 
  
Blair, S.M.; McIntosh, T.L.; Mostkoff, B.J. 1994. Impacts of 
Hurricane Andrew on the offshore reef systems of central and  
northern Dade County, Florida.  Bull. Mar. Sci. 54(3): 961-973. 
  
On 24 August 1992, Hurricane Andrew passed in close proximity to  
eight natural reef biological monitoring stations and eleven  
artificial reef sites offshore of Dade County. Eight qualitative  
visual surveys and eight quantitative photogrammetric surveys  
were used to estimate the impact of the hurricane on the natural  
reefs. The forereef slope of the offshore (5 km offshore) reef,  
between 17 and 29 m, was most heavily affected with lesson levels  
of damage occurring on the middle (4 km offshore) reef and least  
loss of organisms noted on the inner (2.5 km offshore) reef. The  
impact to the hard coral, soft coral, sponge and algal components  
varied on a given reef tract. The algal community consistently  
showed the greatest loss (40 to >90%) of benthic cover. The  
sponge community was slightly (0-25%) to heavily (50-75%)  
impacted, showing the greatest loss on the offshore reef and  
least on the inshore reef. Soft corals showed a similar trend  
with 25-50% loss and 0-25% on the offshore and inshore reef,  
respectively.  Hard corals were least affected with a moderate  
loss of benthic cover (38%) on the offshore reef and slight loss  
(< 23%) on the other inner two reefs. The effect of the storm on  
artificial reefs (i.e., steel vessels, prefabricated modules,  
concrete structures) varied greatly. Impacts ranged from no  
impact, to movement, to partial or total structural modification.  
No pattern of damage relative to location, orientation or depth  
of the reef material was discernable. 
  
============ 
  
Hughes, T.P. 1994. Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale  
degradation of a Caribbean coral reef.  Science Wash. 265(5178):   
1547-1551.  
  
Many coral reefs have been degraded over the past two to three  
decades through a combination of human and natural disturbances.  
In Jamaica, the effects of overfishing, hurricane damage, and  
disease have combined to destroy most corals, whose abundance has  
declined from more than 50 percent in the late 1970s to less than  
5 percent today. A dramatic phase shift has occurred, producing a  
system dominated by fleshy macroalgae (more than 90 percent  
cover). Immediate implementation of management procedures is  
necessary to avoid further catastrophic damage. 
  
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 25 13:39:19 1995 
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Date: Fri, 25 Aug 1995 13:37:00 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Contacts for encouraging C-MAN funding 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950825132710.2864A-100000@coral> 
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This message forwarded (and only slightly edited) from Sandy Vargo of the 
Florida Institute of Oceanography:  
  
======== 
  
    Reviewing our previous e-mail message we noted that is was not clear 
what course of action we were suggesting for those interested in 
preserving the enhanced C-MAN stations of the SEAKEYS network. 
  
        The most helpful action would be to contact U.S. representatives 
and senators and Stan Wilson at NOAA.  John Ogden has contacted Dr. Wilson 
directly and we have also informed the following congressional folks:  
  
Senator Bob Graham 
524 Hart Senate Office Building 
Washington, DC  20510 
202/224-3041 
  
Senator Connie Mack 
517 Hart Senate Office Building 
Washington, DC 20510 
202/224-5274  Fax. 224-8022 
  
Rep. Peter Deutsch 
425 Cannon House Office Building 
Washington, DC 20515 
202/225-7931 
  
Rep. Lincoln Diaz-Balart 
509 Cannon House Office Building 
Washington, DC  20515 
202/225-4211  Fax. 225-8576 
  
Rep. Porter Goss 
330 Cannon House Office Building 
Washington, DC  20515 
202/225-2536  Fax. 225-6820 
  
Rep. Carrie Meek 
404 Cannon House Office Building 
Washington, DC 20515 
202/225-4506  Fax. 236-0777 
  
Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen 
127 Cannon House Office Building 
Washington, DC  20515 
202/225-3933  Fax. 225-5620 
  
Dr. Stanley Wilson 
Assistant Administrator 
NOAA National Ocean Service 
1305 East-West Highway 
Route Code N 
Silver Spring, MD  20910 
301/713-3074  Fax. 713-4269 
  
Rep. C.W. Bill Young 
2407 Rayburn House Office Building 
Washington, DC  20515 
202/225-5961 
  
  
We have requested $60,000 from NOAA to tide the system over for a few 
months with minimal operations until additional funding can be identified.  
The annual operating costs are about $250,000 including $51,000 to the 
National Data Buoy Center for maintenance and operation of the C-MAN 
portion of two of the six stations in the network.  The NDBC maintains the 
meteorological but not the oceanographic sensors on the stations.  The 
oceanographic sensors are maintained entirely by the two persons employed 
by the SEAKEYS program.  We would appreciate it if those with an interest 
in continuance of the data flow from the SEAKEYS network would emphasize 
these points in their letters.  If you see a need for further information 
or anything is unclear just drop me a line.  
  
  
Sandy Vargo 
svargo@marine.usf.edu 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Aug 28 15:06:13 1995 
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	id AA13047; Tue, 29 Aug 1995 05:04:28 GMT 
Date: Tue, 29 Aug 1995 05:04:28 +0000 (WET) 
From: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu> 
To: Sale Peter <sale@server.uwindsor.ca> 
Cc: coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Re: seeking Bruce 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.91.950828103632.1972E-100000@server.uwindsor.ca> 
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Dear Peter: 
 
Bruce G. Hatcher is with CARICOM Fisheries Resource Assessment and  
Management Program (CFRAMP).  His e-mail address is  
 
	hatcher_b@col.barbet.net 
 
The telephone lines are sometimes flakey.  His FAX is (809) 457-2414 and  
telephone is (809) 457-1909 (Z+4). 
 
Snail-mail address is  
 
	Dr. Bruce G. Hatcher 
	CFRAMP Resource Assessment Unit 
	Tyrell Street, Kingstown 
	St. Vincent (at St. Vincent and the Grenadines, West Indies) 
 
Best regards, 
 
Chuck 
 
 
 
On Mon, 28 Aug 1995, Sale Peter wrote: 
 
> I'm seeking a current e-mail (or snail-mail) address for Bruce Hatcher,  
> formerly at Dalhousie, now reputedly in St. Lucia, BWI. 
>  
> Can anyone help? 
> Pete Sale 
>  
 
From hendee@wave Mon Aug 25 17:09:20 1995 
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Date: Fri, 25 Aug 1995 17:02:27 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral/Climate Page & Workshop 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950825165838.3096A-100000@coral> 
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This message is being forwarded from Bud Buddemeier, since the original  
message to coral-list bounced. 
 
================== 
 
Date: Thu, 24 Aug 1995 18:56:28 +0800 (U) 
From: Bob Buddemeier <bob_buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu> 
Subject: Coral/Climate  Page & Workshop 
To: delia@cbl.umd.edu, J.McManus@cgnet.com, MARKHAM+r%WWFUS@MCIMAIL.COM, 
        andre@ruf.rice.edu, archer@popeye.uchicago.edu, d_barnes@aims.gov.au, 
        B.VALLEJO@CGNET.COM, birkelan@uog9.uog.edu, bmarino@bio2.com, 
        broecker@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu, b.e.brown@newcastle.ac.uk, 
        carlson@soest.hawaii.edu, nancy@porites.geology.uiowa.edu, 
        croberts@uvi.edu, ccin@dar.csiro.au, zooclm@leonis.nus.sg, coral-list, 
        crc.reef@jcu.edu.au, C_WILKINSON@AIMS.GOV.AU, david.hopley@jcu.edu.au, 
        D.Graetz@dwe.csiro.au, dshoger@falcon.cc.ukans.edu, 
        delbeek@lake.scar.utoronto.ca, dodge@ocean.nova.edu, 
        RKINZIE@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu, f61119@barilan.bitnet, dunbar@rice.edu, 
        E_WOLANSKI@AIMS.GOV.AU, Falkowsk@bnlux1.bnl.gov, 
        fautin@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU, fredm@soest.hawaii.edu, 
        fred@utig.ig.utexas.edu, pol@univ-perp.fr, admin@msi.upd.edu.ph, 
        rgrigg@soest.hawaii.edu, tguild@lamont.ldeo.columbia.edu, 
        dhinckley@igc.apc.org, gregor@hk.super.net, j7kumar@cc.um.my, 
        Jamie_Oliver@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au, JayNoller@aol.com, 
        jeff@kgs.ukans.edu, jgoldman@whoi.edu, JLEWIS@mvax31.ntou.edu.tw, 
        kleypas@sage.cgd.ucar.EDU, jogden@marine.usf.edu, pernetta@nioz.nl, 
        coleje@spot.colorado.edu, june@geosun1.sjsu.edu, jware1@csc.com, 
        j_lough@AIMS.GOV.AU, J_VERON@AIMS.GOV.AU, 
        kayanne@geogr.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp, knappertsbus@ubaclu.unibas.ch, 
        kris@falcon.cc.ukans.edu, jlang@curly.cc.utexas.edu, 
        mpl@christa.UNH.edu, mpotts@bbsr.edu, eakin@ogp.noaa.gov, 
        marlin@soest.hawaii.edu, mcclla@wwc.edu, mmaccrac@usgcrp.gov, 
        Milliman@VIMS.edu, fmurphy@nature.berkeley.edu, 
        STRI01.NAOS.knowlton@ic.si.edu, gkofish@okway.okstate.edu, 
        jpearse@cats.ucsc.edu, cperry@qvarsa.er.usgs.gov, 
        pilson@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu, potts@biology.ucsc.edu, 
        quinn@chuma.cas.usf.edu, weissr@washpost.com, rwollast@ulb.ac.be, 
        pol@univ-perp.fr, sandy_tudhope@edinburgh.ac.uk, prtaylor@nsf.gov, 
        terry.hughes@jcu.edu.au, 71672.3413@compuserve.com, swells@ucb.edu.bz, 
        seysuzu@sci.shizuoka.ac.jp, yair@bio2.com, paleo2@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu, 
        paleo3@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu 
Message-id: <9508251856.AA09164@pangaea.kgs.ukans.edu> 
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT 
 
 
The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Working Group 104 has 
been formed to address the topic:  CORAL REEF RESPONSES TO GLOBAL CHANGE: THE 
ROLE OF ADAPTATION 
 
Members of the working group are:  R. W. Buddemeier (Chair), R. Bak, R. 
Gates, J.-P. Gattuso, T. Done, B. Hatcher, J. Pandolfi, and A. B. Pittock.  
Corresponding members are: S. V. Smith, C. B. Castro, R. Rowan, B. Opdyke, J. 
Patzold, and D. Yellowlees. 
 
The overall objective WG-104 may be summarized as the multidisciplinary 
identification, review and integration of scientific knowledge -- both 
existing and needed -- relevant to the assessment and prediction of responses 
of corals and coral reef communities to various kinds of environmental 
change, including climatic change.  This ambitious goal cannot be achieved 
without the collaboration of the larger scientific community.  Two mechanisms 
to developed this collaboration have been established: 
 
1. There is a WG-104 WWW Home Page at:  
http://ghsun1.kgs.ukans.edu/welcome.html 
     This is intended to stimulate communication among WG-104 members and 
interested colleagues, and to focus attention on relevant issues.  It is 
still under development and will be updated and expanded as material becomes 
available.  Relevant contributions are solicited, but users are asked to 
recognize that this is a volunteer operation, and prompt or extensive 
responses may not always be forthcoming. 
 
2.  There will be an Open Workshop on WG-104 topics, progress, and objectives 
at the ICRS8 Symposium in Panama, June 1996.  The preliminary workshop 
proposal is contained on the Home Page.  Our intention is to use brief status 
reports by working group members or others as a basis for structuring 
discussion groups and contributions from the scientific community. 
      Formal registration, attendance commitment, or presentations are not 
required -- or even permitted -- for the workshop; however, for planning 
purposes we need some estimates of probable attendance, and if anyone is 
interested in  discussing or presenting specific material we would like 
advance notice. Please contact me at the address below if you are interested 
in participating. 
 
Please pass this information on to interested colleagues not addressed on 
this list. 
 
Thank you 
 
 
Robert W. Buddemeier, Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 
Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA.  ph (913) 864-3965, fax -5317, 
e-mail Bob_Buddemeier@msmail.kgs.ukans.edu 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 29 09:11:41 1995 
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Date: Tue, 29 Aug 1995 09:06:01 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Research Institute Home Page 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950829090053.20336A-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 28 Aug 1995 15:32:30 +1000 
From: Ove Hoegh-Guldberg <oveh@bio.usyd.edu.au> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
 
Dear All, 
 
The Coral Reef Research Insitute based at the University of Sydney has a 
home page at http://www.bio.usyd.edu.au/OTI/crri.html.  We would like to 
build up links from and to other sites.  Could you add our URL to your 
homepages and send me your URL and I will add it to ours. 
 
Thanks, 
 
Ove 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Ove Hoegh-Guldberg                              Ph:    (02) 351-2389  
School of Biological Sciences                   Fax:  (02) 351-4119  
Building A08                                           Country code 
Australia = 61 
University of Sydney 
2006 NSW Australia 
------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 29 11:42:47 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1402430061.82472@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 29 Aug 1995 10:32:37 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Free Equipment Available (U 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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                      Subject:                              Time:  11:26 AM 
  OFFICE MEMO         Free Equipment Available (U.S. only)  Date:  8/29/95 
 
Free Equipment Available in U.S. 
 
Used equipment such as electronic hardware, computers, etc. are available 
free to institutions of higher learning in the U.S. through programs 
established within the Federal government.  One such program, in the 
Department of Energy, is described below.  Up to date listings of available 
equipment, including searchable databases, can be reached through FEDIX at: 
WWW: http://www.fie.com/ 
FTP/Telnet: fedix.fie.com 
Gopher: gopher.fie.com 
Modem: 301-258-0953 
 
------------- 
Guidelines 
 
The United States Department of Energy, in accordance with its responsibility 
to encourage research and development in the energy area, awards grants of 
used energy-related laboratory equipment to  universities and colleges and 
other non-profit educational institutions of higher learning in the United 
States for use in energy-oriented educational programs in the life, physical 
and environmental sciences, and engineering. 
 
Applications for the grant of available equipment in this program should be 
submitted by an eligible, non-profit educational institution to the DOE 
operations office responsible for the site where the specific equipment is 
known to be located. 
 
The monthly Energy-Related Laboratory Equipment Catalog (ERLE) is available 
on a yearly subscription from the Government Printing Office. An order form 
is provided on the back inside cover of the ERLE catalog. 
 
Eligibility and Procedures 
 
Any non-profit, educational institution of higher learning, such as a 
university, college, junior college, technical institute, museum, or 
hospital, located in the U.S. and interested in establishing or up-grading 
energy-oriented educational programs in the life, physical and environmental 
sciences, and engineering is eligible. 
 
An institution is not required to have a current DOE grant or contract in 
order to participate in this program. High schools, grade schools, and 
vocational trade schools are excluded. An energy-oriented program is defined 
as an academic research activity dealing primarily or entirely in 
energy- related topics. 
 
Because of space limitations, cost of equipment storage and requests by other 
Federal agencies for DOE equipment, institutions have 30 days, from the time 
of "freezing" the equipment, to submit their grant application. Application 
reviews and grant awards will be performed on a first-received, first- 
qualified basis. 
 
Send equipment applications to the appropriate DOE operations office. A list 
of operations offices is on Page V. Applications may contain multiple 
equipment items from more than one DOE facility in the facilities are served 
by the same DOE operations office. If the equipment is located at more than 
one facility, not served by the same DOE operations office, an application 
must be submitted to each DOE operations office. 
 
The responsibility for identifying the location of equipment rests with the 
requesting institution. Specific questions concerning equipment should be 
directed to the organization responsible for the 
item(s) under consideration. General inquiries may be made to: 
 
U.S. Department of Energy 
Office of Science Education, ER-31 
1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. 
Washington, D.C. 20585 
ATTN:  Larry L. Barker 
Program Manager 
ERLE Program 
(202) 586-8947 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Aug 29 13:00:19 1995 
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Date: Tue, 29 Aug 1995 11:59:00 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: d.k.hagman@mail.utexas.edu (Derek Hagman) 
Subject: coral spawning 
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Sorry for the delay- 
 
        Between the nights of August 16-20 coral spawning was observed at 
the Flower Garden Banks (NW Gulf of Mexico).  Most of the activity was 
concentrated around the night of the 17th with Montastraea cavernosa, M. 
franksi and Diploria strigosa spawning between 21:30-22:30 and M. annularis 
and M. faveolata spawing between 23:20-0:00.  Some of our divers reported 
sperm release by Stephanocoenia, but this remains unconfirmed.  We did 
however, have a very substantial spawning effort by Colpophyllia spp. on 
the night of August 19th between 21:45-22:30.  No other coral species were 
observed spawning on the 19th. 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep  5 04:55:47 1995 
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 Tue, 05 Sep 95 01:55:11 PDT 
Date: Tue, 05 Sep 1995 15:16:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Message-id: <304C106F@msm.cgnet.com> 
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TO        :    Coral - List 
FROM      :    John W. McManus/ReefBase Project Leader 
               CCRRSP, ICLARM, Makati, Metro Manila 
DATE      :    September 5, 1995 
 
GREETINGS FROM REEFBASE! 
 
Coral-List, with its highly specialized audience, would be a good means of  
gathering up to date accounts from the people intimately aware of the things  
happening to the coral reefs.  We greatly appreciate the efforts of James  
Hendee and his colleagues for initiating and maintaining coral-list. 
 
This message comes to you from ReefBase, the global coral reef database  
being developed at ICLARM in the Philippines.  We are currently expanding  
our tables on reef stresses and would like to enlist your help.  Would you  
have anything on major pollution occurrence (e.g. oil spills), destructive  
fishing practices, storms/cyclones; sedimentation, ship grounding, disease  
outbreaks, predator attacks and bleaching incidents on the reefs which you  
are familiar with? 
 
We d like to know about them from you.  When describing an event, please  
note the major anthropogenic stress, the common name of the reef and its  
coordinates, if possible.   If there are any published or unpublished  
references relating to these, we would welcome copies Send any communication  
to: 
 
John McManus, Ph.D. 
ICLARM MCPO Box 2631 
0718 Makati City 
PHILIPPINES 
Fax: (632) 8163183 
E-mail: J.MCMANUS@CGNET.com 
 
We at ReefBase are coming up with a user-friendly international database on  
coral reefs and reef resources.   As a collaborative effort between the  
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM),  the  
World Wildlife Conservation and Monitoring Centre (WCMC) with the support of  
the European Commission, ReefBase was initiated in 1993 as an effort to  
obtain updated global and regional summaries and assessments of the state of  
the reefs. 
 
Our  information comes mainly from scientific papers, technical and popular  
articles as well as published and/or unpublished reports. Lately, we have  
been receiving a few reports of bleaching incidents and Acanthaster  
outbreaks through the e-mail. We would appreciate receiving more of these  
from you. 
 
We d also appreciate if you would send us a copy of your scientific papers,  
popular articles or technical reports related to the following topics: 
 
? various aspects of coral reef ecology; 
? the most common uses of reefs; 
? harvest practices for near shore resources; 
? natural and human induced stresses on reefs 
? marine protected areas; and 
? government and traditional management policies on reefs and reef systems; 
 
A preliminary version of ReefBase on a CD-ROM will be released at the 8th  
International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama in 1996.  Any contribution you  
send us will be properly cited. 
 
Thank you in advance for your support.  Please do not hesitate to contact us  
if we can be of assistance to you or if you have any further questions about  
ReefBase. 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep  5 15:43:41 1995 
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Date: Tue, 5 Sep 1995 15:04:12 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: tguild@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu (Tom Guilderson) 
Subject: microbial endoliths 
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A query regarding endoltihs and their borings, with particular emphasis on 
Ostreobium spp (eg. O. queketti). 
 
 
Is the boring a purely physical mechanism or is there chemical dissolution 
associated with it? 
 
 
Thanks in advance for replies and assistance to the litterature. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep  5 20:48:01 1995 
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	 id UAA24768; Tue, 5 Sep 1995 20:43:34 -0400 
Date: Tue, 5 Sep 1995 20:43:33 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Climate Records in Coral Skeletons 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950905203857.24763A-100000@coral> 
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The following is a forwarded message from Peter Swartg.  Please respond to 
Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu.  
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 31 Aug 1995 09:53:02 -0400 
From: Peter Swart <Pswart@rsmas.miami.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
 
Dick Dodge, Bob Halley and Peter Swart are organizing a symposium at the 
Panama meeting on climate records in coral skeletons.  At the moment the 
following have tentatively agreed to give presentations: Cole, 
McConnaughey, Halley, Swart, Lough, Quinn, Halley, Lea, Wellington et al. 
We still have a few places left.  If any one is interested please contact 
me.  Abstract dealine is approaching. Peter 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep  6 15:46:14 1995 
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From: "Stephanie Bailenson" <SBAIL@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu> 
Organization:  University of Hawaii - Zoology 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date: 	Wed, 6 Sep 1995 10:16:58 -1000 
Subject:       white line disease 
Priority: normal 
X-mailer: Pegasus Mail for Windows (v2.01) 
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I got this from a fish-ecology listserv and wanted to know if anyone  
knew more about it.  Is this new or are they really  
referring to white band disease? 
 
Mahalo, 
Stephanie Bailenson 
sbail@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu 
 
 
New  Coral  Disease.  On Aug.  28, 1995, an Associate Press release 
noted reports of a new  "white line disease" killing elliptical star 
coral in the Florida Keys.  While some scientists speculate  that  a 
virus  might  be responsible, others are cautious in suggesting what 
may be promoting this disease.} [Assoc Press] 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep  6 17:06:12 1995 
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Date: Wed, 6 Sep 1995 17:01:55 -0400 (EDT) 
From: JOSHUA Feingold <joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu> 
X-Sender: joshua@polaris 
To: Stephanie Bailenson <SBAIL@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: white line disease 
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Hello Stephanie, 
I have observed this "disease" on Dichocoenia colonies in Key Largo near  
Conch Reef, Florida. The etiology appears different than white band disease  
since the "disease" progresses from the base up the sides, and there is no  
distinctive white band. Also, there is no apparent (obvious to the naked  
eye) organism or community of organisms present on affected colonies -  
there is simply a white region adjacent to live, normal appearing tissue.  
Many researchers are jumping on this research opportunity and you  
should expect to hear a scientific update on this in the near future. 
 
Incidentally, I did not see any evidence of this "disease" on Dichocoenia  
colonies on the 2nd reef (3-5m depth) off Dania Beach, Florida. Over 100  
colonies were surveyed, and all appeared normal or with slightly paled  
pigment. 
 
Joshua Feingold 
joshua@polaris.ncs.nova.edu 
Nova Southeastern University 
Fort Lauderdale, Florida 
 
On Wed, 6 Sep 1995, Stephanie Bailenson wrote: 
 
>  
> I got this from a fish-ecology listserv and wanted to know if anyone  
> knew more about it.  Is this new or are they really  
> referring to white band disease? 
>  
> Mahalo, 
> Stephanie Bailenson 
> sbail@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu 
>  
>  
> New  Coral  Disease.  On Aug.  28, 1995, an Associate Press release 
> noted reports of a new  "white line disease" killing elliptical star 
> coral in the Florida Keys.  While some scientists speculate  that  a 
> virus  might  be responsible, others are cautious in suggesting what 
> may be promoting this disease.} [Assoc Press] 
>  
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep  6 19:26:47 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de (Reinhold Leinfelder) 
Subject: Stuttgart reefgroup online 
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Dear colleagues, 
Dear friends, 
 
 
Our reef group (from the Institute of Geology and Palaeontology at the 
University of Stuttgart, Germany) 
is on the web now. If you are interested in Jurassic (and other) reefs, 
please pop in at: 
 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/researchfiles/reefgroup.html 
 
We included our literature references, various abstracts and some published 
pictures  (to be extended). 
 
The general home page of our institute is: 
http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/UNIuser/igps/home.html 
 
Best wishes 
 
Reinhold 
 
 
 
 
******************************************* 
Reinhold Leinfelder 
Institut fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie der Universitaet Stuttgart 
Herdweg 51 
D-70174 Stuttgart, Germany 
e-mail: reinhold.leinfelder@po.uni-stuttgart.de 
phone: ++49-711-1211340 
fax: ++49-711-1211341 
 
New: our Institute is on the web now! 
<http://www.uni-stuttgart/UNIuser/igps/home.html> 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Sep  7 08:06:56 1995 
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Date: Thu, 7 Sep 1995 08:03:17 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Fish Ecology List-Server Info  
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950907080211.29719A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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This message forwarded from Stephanie Bailenson: 
 
From: "Stephanie Bailenson" <SBAIL@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu> 
Organization:  University of Hawaii - Zoology 
To: coral-list 
Date:   Wed, 6 Sep 1995 15:27:44 -1000 
Subject:       Re: fish list 
 
 
Several of the responses to my inquiry on white line disease have 
asked how to subscribe to the fish ecology list server, here is that 
info... 
 
To: LISTSERV@SEARN.SUNET.SE 
don't put anything in Subject 
 
In the text: 
 
 SUBSCRIBE FISH-ECOLOGY <your name> 
 
-Stephanie Bailenson 
sbail@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 12 17:25:39 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1401196850.68193@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Date: 12 Sep 1995 17:07:18 -0500 
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Mass Spawning - NW Gulf Mex. 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Observations of coral reef spawning at the Flower Garden Banks, NW Gulf of 
Mexico, August 14 - August 22, 1995. 
 
Compiled by Steve Gittings and Ken Deslarzes 
 
Flower Garden Banks NMS 
1716 Briarcrest Dr., Suite 603 
Bryan, TX 77802 
Phone: (409) 847-9296 
Email: sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
 
The following provides details of spawning observations reported by scientists 
and recreational divers who participated on cruises between August 14 and 25, 
1995 in the Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary.  Quotation marks 
indicate dive descriptions of their observations. 
 
Be on the lookout for a possible September 16 coral spawning event following 
the September 8 (2338 hrs) full moon. 
 
August 14, 1995 
Night time observation: possible spawning by Mussa angulosa  a red material 
was seen streaming from a polyp.  It was uncertain whether it was from the 
coral or from something between the polyps.  Photographs were taken by a 
recreational diver and hopefully, will be forwarded to the Sanctuary. 
 
August 15, 1995 - no diving operations were conducted. 
 
August 16, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank)  
1930 hrs: Spawning by one male Montastrea cavernosa. 
2120 hrs: Spawning by female Montastrea cavernosa colonies.  One Christmas 
Tree Worm (Spirobranchus giganteus) was seen spawning ("spiral of smoke"), 
probably a male, based on diver description. 
2130-2230 hrs: Montastraea franksi spawned in abundance, but less than in 
1994. 
2130-2230 hrs: Coral gamete bundles were observed at the sea surface. 
2245 hrs: A Rough Fileclam (Lima scabra) released a "cloud".  The fileclam 
shot the material out during one pulse.  The cloud dissipated in about 10-15 
seconds. 
 
August 17, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank) 
0011-0020 hrs: A few coral gamete bundles were spotted on the surface at 0011 
hrs.  The coral spawning pulse reached a peak at 0020 hrs, but subsided to nil 
before 0030 hrs. 
1630 hrs: Two Bar Jacks (Caranx ruber) were seen spawning. 
2050-2128 hrs: Numerous male Montastrea cavernosa  colonies spawned. 
2103 hrs: Several Diploria strigosa colonies spawned. 
2110 hrs: Call from the M/V Fling at the West Flower Garden Bank reporting 
coral spawning had begun. 
2112 hrs: Egg release by Montastrea cavernosa . 
2115 hrs: Diploria strigosa and two Christmas Tree Worms were seen spawning. 
2130 hrs: One huge female Montastrea cavernosa  colony was seen spawning. 
2130-2230 hrs: M. franksi spawned in abundance, also one small Diploria 
strigosa colony spawned.  Ruby Brittle Stars (Ophioderma rubicundum) were out 
on the coral heads but none were seen spawning as has been witnessed in the 
past. 
2300-0030 hrs: Spawning by numerous Montastraea faveolata.  
Samples of Montastrea and Diploria were collected and processed for 
fertilization experiments. 
  
August 18, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank) 
1630-1930 hrs: Bluehead Wrasse (Thalassoma bifasciatum) were seen spawning.  
Eight to eleven female Bluehead Wrasse, large in size, full adults, were seen 
swimming very closely together within a 1 m2 area, 30 cm above the reef.  One 
supermale Bluehead Wrasse swimming in the periphery of the 1 m2 area, was seen 
going into the school of females to then rush 30-40 cm above the school along 
side a female.  A brief (no more than a few seconds) and spontaneous release 
of male and female gametes was seen. 
1900 hrs: A "plump " Montastrea cavernosa  colony was observed and another 
with gametes present and visible in body cavity. 
2145 hrs: Diploria strigosa was seen spawning. 
2200-2220 hrs: M. franksi  spawned in relatively low numbers. 
2225-2305 hrs: Surface coral gamete slick observed. 
2250 hrs and 2330 hrs : M. faveolata spawning. 
August 19, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank) 
0100 hrs: No spawning activity was observed. 
2045-2115 hrs: Active Colpophyllia natans spawning, dense surface gamete 
slick. 
2130-2300 hrs: One female Ruby Brittle Star was seen spawning. 
 
August 20, 1995 (West Flower Garden Bank) 
Daytime observation: Bluehead Wrasse were seen releasing gametes. 
1900-2015 hrs: Christmas Tree Worms spawned.  Both sperm and eggs release 
witnessed. 
 
August 21, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank) 
2130 hrs: A Diploria strigosa colony was seen spawning ("a seven to eight 
minute release of pinkish eggs"). 
 
August 22, 1995 (West Flower Garden Bank) 
1755 hrs: Montastrea cavernosa  was seen spawning. 
2115 hrs: Coral gamete bundles seen at the sea surface (not a dense slick). 
2130-2230 hrs: No spawning activity seen on the bottom. 
 
August 22, 1995 (East Flower Garden Bank) 
2000 hrs: Creole Wrasse (Clepticus parrae) spawning rushes observed 
 
 
Summary: 
 
SPAWNING ORGANISMS, INCLUDING CORALS,	FISH, and	INVERTEBRATES 
 
Mussa angulosa (?)  Aug 16	 
Caranx ruber  Aug 17	 
Ophioderma rubicundum  Aug 19 
M. cavernosa  Aug 16, 17, 22	 
Thalassoma bifasciatum  Aug 16, 20	 
Spirobranchus giganteus  Aug 16, 17, 20 
M. franksi  Aug 16, 17, 18	 
Clepticus parrae  Aug 22	 
M. faveolata  Aug 17, 18		 
D. strigosa  Aug 17, 18, 21		 
C. natans  Aug 19		 
 
CORAL SPAWN TIMING 
DATE	        TIME 
Aug 16-17	1930-0020 
Aug 17-18	2050-0030 
Aug 18	   2145-2330 
Aug 19	   2045-2115 
Aug 21	   2130 
Aug 22	   2115 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 12 20:05:45 1995 
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Date: Tue, 12 Sep 1995 16:54:44 -0700 
From: Madeline.G@eworld.com 
Message-Id: <950912165442_14802586@eWorld.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Intro and request for information on volunteering... 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status: A 
 
Greetings, 
 
I just joined this list, having just been referred to the CHAMP 
page... sounds like a great program!   Does that program, or any 
others like it, need volunteers to help with eg,. the research 
and monitoring?  Can anyone suggest someone I could  
talk with re: this?   I am going to be taking a break from my 
current line of work (interactive media designer) this winter,  
and would love nothing more than to be doing alot of warm-water 
diving that could somehow help out a worthy cause.   I've been  
diving about 10 years now, am currently getting my divemaster  
certification.  I speak fluent Spanish and semi-fluent French. 
And,   I've done prior volunteer work for the Fla Keys  
Nat'l Marine Sanctuary, Canyonlands Nat'l Park, etc...  
more details can be happily furnished upon request ;-). 
 
Any pointers or suggestions would be most appreciated! 
 
thanks, 
Madeline 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep 13 07:55:09 1995 
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Date: Wed, 13 Sep 1995 07:48:14 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef Research Institute Home Page 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.950913074601.6238A-100000@coral> 
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The following is a forwarded message from Jo Taylor of the World  
Conservation Monitoring Centre: 
 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 95 11:48:27 BST 
From: Jo.Taylor@wcmc.org.uk 
Subject: re: Coral Reef Research Institute Home Page 
 
 
I attach info about WCMC'c activities in Coral Reef Mapping and our presence  
on the Internet. 
______________________ 
                                                 WORLD CONSERVATION 
 WCMC Project Profile                            MONITORING  CENTRE 
---------------------- 
 
 
Coral Reef Mapping 
 
 
The World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC) is currently 
undertaking a major initiative to digitally map the world's coral reefs. This 
work is part of a collaborative venture with the International Center for 
Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) in the Philippines which 
will lead to the production of a global coral reef database to be known as 
ReefBase. 
 
Why are the data needed? 
Darwin first produced a map of the world's coral reefs in 1842, a slightly 
more detailed map was prepared by Joubin early this century. There have 
been very few systematic global surveys of coral reefs since these 
attempts - the only widely accepted summary statistics on reef coverage 
were published by Smith in 1978, while a more detailed descriptive 
account was provided in 1988 by the World Conservation Monitoring 
Centre in the highly-acclaimed three volume series "Coral Reefs of the 
World". There is a wide and growing need for recent, accurate 
information describing coral reefs at higher resolutions than are currently 
available. Such data, at the international level, are required by aid 
agencies, conservation organisations and industry as well as individual 
scientists and the public for uses that include planning operations and 
investment, monitoring changes, predicting fisheries statistics, planning 
shipping routes, scientific research, conservation and education. 
 
How can individual countries benefit? 
The coastal zone is an area of considerable interest to a wide range of 
users and detailed resource maps are increasingly important for planning 
and management. Maps are used by government planners, fisheries 
organisations, conservationists, scientists, protected areas agencies, and 
private organisations. While many countries have already begun detailed 
mapping programmes, others have not yet begun, or do not have the 
resources available to undertake this work. 
 
For those countries with little or no information at the national scale 
relating to marine resources this project will provide maps, which could 
be incorporated into national databases. The working scale of most maps 
will be 1:250,000, with more detailed scales (1:50,000 or 1:100,000) for 
specific sites and small nations. Due to the constraints of time and money 
it will not be possible to undertake highly detailed work, nor will it be 
possible to undertake any direct interpretation of remotely sensed data. 
Where digital datasets do not exist WCMC is actively seeking to obtain 
the best available maps in hard copy which it will then digitise. These 
maps, and there may be several for each country, could range in both 
quality and scale (with 1:250,000 being set as the ideal). The final 
digitised product would be made freely available to all contributors. 
 
For countries with existing coastal resource maps at the national level, 
either on hard copy or in digital format. Such data will prove very valuable 
for the ReefBase initiative. Non-digitised maps will be digitised and made 
available to the suppliers of the data. Digital maps will be incorporated 
directly where these are available. High resolution maps will be 
summarised as necessary. All the data will be fully acknowledged and 
referenced. 
 
Reef Maps - features to be incorporated 
The prime focus of this work will be to map coral reef distribution: 
coastlines, emergent reef crest or reef polygons and simple bathymetric 
data for coral reef areas. A separate project is currently underway to map 
the global distribution of mangrove forests which, although of lower 
resolution, will be a very useful complimentary dataset. Where possible 
it is hoped to incorporate other features relating to biodiversity and 
coastal sensitivity, as funding and time permits. The following is a list of 
features for which data will be incorporated subject to these provisos: 
 
Physical features: 
Coastline, differentiated if available, into mud, sand/gravel, rock, cliffs 
etc.; Emergent reef crest; Reef areas as polygons where available; 
Bathymetric data - 20, 50 and/or 100m wherever available; Simple wind, 
tide and current data 
 
Further substrate/habitat data: 
Mangrove; Seagrass; Mud, sand, rock, coral dominated habitat 
 
Species data: 
Turtle feeding and nesting sites; Reef fish distribution; Seabird colonies; 
Manatee and dugong distribution data 
 
Human aspects: 
Protected areas; Fisheries data; Shipping channels; Research stations; 
Dive sites; Towns and cities; Tourist and fishing centres; Other planning 
regimes (shipping, fishing, controls) 
 
For all countries and contributors. ReefBase, a global database describing 
the coral reefs and reef systems of the world will be prepared on CD-ROM 
and freely distributed to all contributors. The data on ReefBase will include 
a simple geographic information system (GIS) and bit-maps for every 
country along with summary statistics describing reef areas, protected 
areas and other management regimes, fisheries, economics, taxonomic 
information and much more. 
 
In addition to receiving data at the global level, participants will be  
linked, 
through ReefBase into a loose network of collaborating individuals, 
institutions and organisations. 
 
Funding and progress to date 
The World Conservation Monitoring Centre has highlighted coral reefs as 
key habitats of conservation importance and concern, and this initiative 
ties in closely with previous work at the Centre in the preparation of the 
"Coral Reefs of the World" volumes. Partial funding has come from the 
European Community, through the linkage to ReefBase. Further funding 
has been drawn from other projects at WCMC, including work on small 
island developing states for the United Nations Environment Programme, 
and current support from the International Petroleum Industry 
Environmental Conservation Association. Thus, although there is no single 
funding base, work is progressing steadily. By early 1995 detailed reef 
maps had been prepared or incorporated for over 25 countries.  
 
For further information on Coral Reef Mapping, please contact: 
Richard Luxmoore, Head of WCMC's Habitats Programme; 
Richard.Luxmoore@wcmc.org.uk 
 
 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
For further information, please contact: 
The Information Officer 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre            Tel: +44 (0)1223 277314 
219 Huntingdon Road                             Fax: +44 (0)1223 277136 
Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom              e-mail: info@wcmc.org.uk 
 
WCMC Conservation Information Service is sponsored by the BT 
Community Programme 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
coral.prj mar95gy 
 
__________________________ 
                                                        WORLD CONSERVATION 
 WCMC Information Services                              MONITORING  CENTRE 
-------------------------- 
 
 
Internet Services 
 
 
WCMC is expanding its information services by using international 
communications networks - especially the Internet, which is the most 
widely used network for science. The Internet allows WCMC to access 
and be accessed electronically by other users of the network. 
 
Recent estimates indicate millions of users are linked via the Internet. 
To assist these users, a number of programs and services are available 
through the Internet to enable organisations to manage their own 
information and to retrieve information from other users. The most 
commonly used features include Email, World Wide Web, Gopher, List 
Servers, Anonymous File Transfer Protocol (FTP), and Wide Area 
Information Servers (WAIS). WCMC is utilising these facilities to provide 
information and meta-database services via the Internet. (Meta-databases 
are databases of databases, i.e. they tell users where information can be 
obtained).   Five services are in operation: 
 
   -   World Wide Web (WWW) - for users of the WWW, WCMC 
       has released its own WWW home page providing access to 
       conservation data and information, including text, tables, 
       maps and images. This can be accessed through the following 
       universal resource locator   (URL) http://www.wcmc.org.uk 
 
   -   Anonymous FTP - this allows users of the Internet to copy 
       files to and from a dedicated disk area at WCMC on which a 
       variety of information is available already.  The address of this 
       disk is: ftp.wcmc.org.uk 
 
   -   List Server - an electronic discussion forum for CITES-related 
       issues using email.  
 
   -   WCMC hosts a node for the Microbial Strain Data Network 
       (MSDN). 
 
   -   Biodiversity Information Network - WCMC is one of five 
       WWW nodes for the BIN21 network, that disseminates 
       information relating to Agenda 21 and informs the global 
       biodiversity community of regional contacts and current 
       activities. 
 
WCMC is a primary test site for a meta-database system serving a range 
of environmental disciplines. This will allow network users to browse 
through descriptions and view examples of WCMC's data-sets. The meta- 
database uses the Consortium for International Earth Science Information 
Network (CIESIN) Catalog System and lists WCMC data, including an 
inventory of products and services. It is both X and character-based and 
belongs to the NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) family of 
connected meta-databases.  
 
Following a review of existing systems, WCMC has embarked on two 
projects to develop its own meta-database systems. The first project 
provided an Internal Meta-database System (IMS) that is used for the 
internal search and retrieval of information. The second project is 
developing a Metadata Entry Tool (MET) allowing external users to fill in 
meta-data records describing WCMC data-sets. This has been developed 
to export to one of three formats, CIESIN Directory Interchange Format 
(DIF), NASA GCMD DIF, and UNEP GRID. WCMC is beta-testing this 
system for operational use by October 1994. 
 
WCMC's long term objectives are to make information and data available 
to users through an open and transparent on-line information service. The 
services offered will be periodically expanded in response to feedback 
from users and to include further information that becomes available. 
 
For information on the above please contact: 
   Ian Barnes, Data and Communications Coordinator 
   e-mail: ian.barnes@wcmc.org.uk 
 
 
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
For further information on other WCMC projects, please contact: 
The Information Officer 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre      Tel: +44 (0)1223 277314 
219 Huntingdon Road                       Fax: +44 (0)1223 277136 
Cambridge CB3 0DL, United Kingdom        e-mail: info@wcmc.org.uk 
 
WCMC Conservation Information Service is sponsored by the BT 
Community Programme 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
 
internet.inf oct94y 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep 13 08:39:27 1995 
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	(1.38.193.4/16.2) id AA10103; Wed, 13 Sep 1995 14:33:05 +0200 
From: William Kiene <kiene@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de> 
Posted-Date: Wed, 13 Sep 95 14:33:05 MESZ 
Received-Date: Wed, 13 Sep 1995 14:33:05 +0200 
Message-Id: <9509131233.AA10103@hera.rbi.informatik.uni-frankfurt.de> 
Subject: Panama "Taphonomy" session 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date: Wed, 13 Sep 95 14:33:05 MESZ 
Mailer: Elm [revision: 70.85] 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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		Taphonomy of Past and Present Reef Organisms 
 
A symposium session for the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium in Panama 
				24-29 June 1996 
 
Reminder: 
We are soliciting participation in this symposium to bring together  
presentations on a wide range of aspects concerning the taphonomic process  
on reefs.  We seek presentations from both geologists and biologists  
working on living and fossil reef communities. The taphonomic process on  
reefs includes the factors that influence the way skeletal remains  
contribute to the formation and growth of reef framework and sedimentary  
environments.  It also includes the factors that control the budgets of CaCO3  
in reef environments.  The session will provide a venue for presentations  
dealing with such processes as mortality, decay, encrustation, bioerosion,  
deposition, and diagenesis on reefs. 
 
If you are interested to make a presentation, please notify one of us by 
1 October 1995 via post, fax, or e-mail.  Please include a preliminary title.   
Please send us a COPY of your abstract when prepared. 
 
Final abstracts should be prepared as instructed in the second 8th ICRS  
circular and SENT TO THE EDITOR, H.A. Lessios, not later than 1 November  
1995.  (If you do not have these instructions, please let us know or contact  
H.A. Lessios in Panama: 
fax: 507-228-0516, E-mail: stri01.naos.lessiosh@ic.si.edu ). 
 
We look forward to your participation. 
 
 
Dr. William E. Kiene				Dr. James Nebelsick  
Geology-Palaontology Institute			Institute for Geology 
J.W.Goethe University				and Palaeontology 
Senckenberganlage 32				University of Tuebingen 
D-60054 Frankfurt am Main			Sigwartstrasse 10 
Germany						D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany 
 
Tel: +49 69 798 28598				Tel: +49 7071 29 7546 
Fax: +49 69 798 22958				Fax: +49 7071 29 6990 
 
kiene@informatik.uni-frankfurt.de		nebelsick@uni-tuebingen.de 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Sep 14 11:24:07 1995 
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From: vscalco@earthsat.com 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: coral reef in philippines 
Cc: vscalco@odo.earthsat.com:vscalco@odo.earthsat.com, 
        lmuller@odo.earthsat.com:vscalco@odo.earthsat.com, 
        ccaporal@odo.earthsat.com:vscalco@odo.earthsat.com, 
        rmitchel@odo.earthsat.com:vscalco@odo.earthsat.com 
Reply-To: vscalco@earthsat.com 
Date: Thu, 14 Sep 95 11:03: 0 EDT 
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We are interested in existing studies and geographic data bases for an  
area of the Philippines; (14 degrees to 11 degrees South/118 degrees 30  
minutes to 122 degrees East).  We are looking to determine the health of  
the coral reef in the above area and we are looking for researches who  
have extensive knowledge of this type of study.    
 
Please email us with your qualifications and information and we will  
get back with you. 
 
Thank you very much for your cooperation. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 18 02:07:07 1995 
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Date: Mon, 18 Sep 1995 16:01:57 +1000 
From: T_AYUKAI@aims.gov.au 
Subject: ICRS Symposium: Ecology of Pest Organisms" 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-id: <01HVFDDNKD988WWQXZ@AIMS.GOV.AU> 
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Dear Colleague, 
 
Dr. Brian Lassig and myself are organizing a session on "Ecology of Pest 
Organisms on Coral Reefs" for the ICRS meeting in Panama.  Those who have 
expressed an interest in presenting a paper in our session (see the list 
below).  Could you please send me your abstract by; 
 
          OCTOBER 16 (MONDAY). 
 
We may have a few more slots during our session.  Should you think that your 
talk is relevant to the objectives of our session, please contact me as soon 
as possible. 
 
Potential Participants: 
 
Drupella - Dr. Loya (Israel), Dr. McClanahan (Kenya), Dr. Black (Aust.) 
 
Crown-of-thorns starfish - Dr. Zann (Aust.), Dr. Oliver (Aust.), Mr. Okaji 
     (Aust.) 
 
Sea urchins - Dr. Hutchings (Aust.) 
 
Background: 
 
Crown-of-thorns starfish has caused extensive damages to a number of coral 
reefs in the Indo-Pacific.  Feeding by some gastropods has been a significant 
cause of coral mortality.  Coral reefs in some locations are also suffering 
from massive bioerosion due to grazing by sea urchins.  Outbreaks of these 
pest organisms and their effects on the condition of coral reefs should not 
be dealt with in isolation from the rapid deterioration of coral reefs on a 
global scale.  A number of now heavily deteriorated coral reefs were initially 
affected by outbreaks of pest organisms, in particular of crown-of-thorns 
starfish.  Such coral reefs failed to recover afterwards, because of the 
presence of stresses caused by human activities. 
 
Crown-of-thorns starfish, coral eating gastropods and sea urchins.  They are 
all natural inhabitants of coral reefs and in this context should not be 
regarded as pest organisms.  The important point is, however, whether outbreaks 
of these organisms are a natural phenomenon or are somehow linked to human 
activities.  Outbreaks of crown-of-thorns starfish, for example, seem to occur 
naturally, but a possibility remains that their intensity is exacerbated by 
the consequence(s) of human activities, such as eutrophication and over-fishing.It may be the human that makes 
crown-of-thorns starfish pest organisms. 
 
The objectives of the proposed session are to gather the latest information 
on the population status of pest organisms on coral reefs of different 
locations and to develop further understanding of factors affecting their 
population dynamics.  It will also address through discussions a question of 
how human activities might affect populations of pest organisms on coral reefs. 
 
(You may have seen a few unfinished messages from me.  I apologize) 
 
Tenshi Ayukai 
Australian Institute of Marine Science 
Fax 61-77-725852 
e-mail t.ayukai@aims.gov.au. 
 
Brian Lassig 
Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority 
Fax 61-77-726093 
e-mail brian_lassig@gbrmpa.gov.au. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 18 14:29:00 1995 
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Date: 18 Sep 1995 14:22:47 -0500 
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Coral Spawning and Bleaching 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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On September 16, eight evenings after the September 8 full moon, the corals of 
the East Flower Garden Bank (northwest Gulf of Mexico) spawned in mass.  The 
timing and species involved were similar to some previous years.  This was 
after August spawning reported over seven evenings between August 16 and 22. 
 
Unfortunately, we were not able to make observations on Sept. 15 or 17.  
Diploria strigosa brain corals began spawning at about 8:00 p.m. (CDT) on the 
16th and continued until around 10:00 p.m.  Sperm release from male Montastrea 
cavernosa colonies was observed between 9:00 and 10:30.  No egg release by 
females was reported.  Montastrea annularis (most descriptions indicated M. 
faveolata form was the predominant participant) star corals spawned between 
9:40 and 10:15.   
 
A dense spawn slick was evident from 8:00 to 8:30, then again from 9:15 to 
10:35, and a final small, but dense slick passed the ship at 11:05.  There was 
a lull in activity on the bottom between 8:30 and 9:15.  The decrease in the 
slick density occurred at nearly the same time. 
 
Also observed spawning at 10:30 was a male Christmas tree worm (Spirobranchus 
giganteus; no egg release by females was witnessed in September), and the 
sponge Ectyoplasia ferox (observations at 3:30 and 10:30).  
 
Associated observations: Ruby brittle stars (Ophioderma rubicundum) were 
active, but unlike previous years, no spawning was witnessed.  Brittle stars 
were on the tops of corals.  Some collected gamete bundles and scurried for 
cover, as usual, when hit by video or dive lights.  A manta ray was seen by 
two divers around 9:15, but no mention was made of it feeding on gamete 
bundles.   
 
The water was unusually green over the banks during the week before, and 
during, the spawning.  Visibility was less than 70 feet, and currents on the 
bottom just under a knot.  Blue water usually surrounds the Flower Gardens and 
visibility is typically over 100 feet.  A swarm of 100s of moon jellys 
(Aurelia aurita) passed over the site at 9:15, also an unusual sighting, one 
probably associated with the atypical water mass.  Seas during the spawing 
were less than two feet and winds were from the south at less than 5 knots.  A 
1 knot bottom currents was heading east and the surface current was nearly 
slack, but heading northeast. 
 
Things to consider:  There is still a lot to learn before we can accurately 
predict the expected timing and extent of spawning on various reefs and for 
different species.  Could it be that the relatively early August full moon 
"confused" the corals into spawning erratically over seven nights, even though 
the majority happened on the 8th evening after the full moon?  The early Sept. 
full moon was followed eight evenings later by a dramatic mass spawning.  In 
1990, a dramatic "main event" was witnessed on August 13, three nights before 
this years first observations, so there is obviously more to the picture than 
the date.  Next year there is a very late July full moon and a late August 
full moon (similar to 1993 when the main event was seen on Sept. 8, after the 
August 31 full moon).  Based on observations at the Flower Gardens since 1990, 
I am betting on the September spawning date.  If no unusual environmental 
events intervene, it also seems likely that the event will be quite focused 
and perhaps more intense than this year's activity. 
 
Bleaching  
 
Water temperature was 30.0#161#C on September 16th, and considerable bleaching 
was in progress for three species (Millepora alcicornis, Montastrea cavernosa, 
and Stephanocoenia michelini, while a number of other species appeared to be 
much paler than normal).  This high a temperature this late in the year is 
unusual for the Flower Gardens and is very similar to patterns of 1990, the 
last bleaching year at the site.  Even so, my visual estimate is that extreme 
bleaching is affecting less than 10% of the coral cover (coral cover is about 
50%).  This may, however, exceed 1990 levels, so it bears watching.  Corals 
are being monitored at 80 repetitive photographic stations, each eight square 
meters in size. 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 19 06:49:44 1995 
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Message-ID: <MAILQUEUE-101.950919112426.384@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk> 
From: "Charles Sheppard" <SH@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk> 
Organization:  Biol. Sciences Univ. of Warwick 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date:          Tue, 19 Sep 1995 11:24:27 GMT 
Subject:       Hurricanes, Saba and sponges 
Priority: normal 
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Kenny Buchan, the marine park manager in Saba, has asked for any  
published details or unpublished information on regrowth and recovery 
rates of sponges, particularly "barrel sponges".   
 
Saba's spectacular sponges suffered in the last few weeks from the  
two hurricanes which passed close by.   
 
Any information can be passed to me for forwarding, and will be  
gratefully received. 
C. Sheppard, Dept Biological Sciences, University of Warwick,  
Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. 
Best wishes 
Charles Sheppard 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 19 09:57:44 1995 
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Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 08:31:02 -0400 
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To: Coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: eweil@rsmas.miami.edu (Ernesto Weil) 
Subject: spawning timing in Montastraeas, etc. 
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I am interested in information on the timing differences in spawning 
onset among the three sibling species of Montastraea (M. annularis, M. 
faveolata, and M. franksi)  observed in August and September of this year or 
last year.  
In Key Largo and Biscayne National Park (BNP) Mfranksi spawned between 1 and 
1 1/2 hours before  
the other two species in 1994 and 1995). This year , Mfaveolata started to 
spawn about half an hour to 45  
min before Mannularis.  Any information is appreciated. 
 
This month , very few colonies spawned in Key Largo Dry  Rocks, Florida Reef 
Track. One Mannularis 
was observed spawning at 23:20 on the night of Sep. 14. Three Mfaveolata 
spawned at 23:20 on the night of Sep.  
15. None spawned on the 17. Spawning intensity was very low and sparse 
around the colony. Around 10-20 % of  
the polyps in Mannularis, and a little more than that but less than 50% of 
all polyps in Mfaveolata. 
 
 Thanks. EW. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 19 11:18:32 1995 
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Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 09:52:19 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: aszmant@rsmas.miami.edu (Alina Szmant) 
Subject: Florida coral spawning 
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In contrast to other areas (Jamaica and Texas Flower Gardens) from which we 
have reports of a second coral spawning in September (15, 16), there was 
little to no spawning on two Florida Keys reefs on Sept. 14-16.   Extensive 
checking of Key Largo and Biscayne National Park colonies of the Montastraea 
species revealed very few (ca. 2-5 %) of colonies with gonads.  Samples of 
four of these colonies brought into the laboratory spawned at odd hours in 
contrast with previous years in which lab corals spawned at the same time as 
field corals.  Any other observations from Florida coral spawn watchers 
would be appreciated.    
********************************************** 
Dr. Alina M. Szmant 
Coral Reef Research Group 
RSMAS-MBF 
University of Miami 
4600 Rickenbacker Cswy. 
Miami FL 33149 
 
TEL: (305)361-4609 
FAX: (305)361-4600 or 361-4005 
E-mail:  ASZMANT@RSMAS.MIAMI.EDU 
********************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep 20 00:57:55 1995 
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Date: Tue, 19 Sep 1995 10:03:00 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Walt, Jaap" <JAAP_W@harpo.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: Hurricanes, Saba and sponges - Reply 
To: OWNER-CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Dear Dr. Sheppard: 
 
 
Here is some unpublished thought on the regrown of Xestospongia muta.  In 
1983 a salvage operation off Key Largo damaged a large number of these 
sponges.  The towing cables from the tug boats were allowed to drop to the 
bottom.  When the slack was recovered, the cables cut the sponges in half and 
less.   After about five years those that survived (most with 25 percent or more 
of the body left intact) did recover and grow back.   The growth was 
somewhat abnormal so it was possible to detect the individuals that were 
damaged.   Within about ten years,  the recovery was nearly complete; 
meaning that the growth had repaired most of the damage and the sponges 
are about as large as those that were not affected by the tug cables. 
 
Hope this is of some use.   
 
Walt Jaap 
FMRI, St. Pete   
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Sep 21 16:13:42 1995 
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 Thu, 21 Sep 95 13:12:38 PDT 
Date: Thu, 21 Sep 1995 18:31:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
Subject: RE: coral reef in Philippines 
To: owner-coral-list <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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X-Status:  
 
 
This message comes as a reply to that which you sent to coral-list inquiring  
about coral reefs in the Philippines.  ReefBase has 135 reefs listed for the  
area you specified (that is assuming you meant 14 degrees to 11 degrees  
North instead of South and 118 degrees to 122 degrees East)  We are not  
particularly sure about the kind of information you need but if you'd get  
back to us we'd look into our database maybe refer you to those who have  
been doing studies in the area. 
 
Menchie Ablan 
Team Leader 
ReefBase 
 
 ---------- 
From: owner-coral-list 
To: coral-list 
Cc: vscalco; vscalco; vscalco; vscalco 
Subject: coral reef in philippines 
Date: Thursday, September 14, 1995 11:03AM 
 
We are interested in existing studies and geographic data bases for an 
area of the Philippines; (14 degrees to 11 degrees South/118 degrees 30 
minutes to 122 degrees East).  We are looking to determine the health of 
the coral reef in the above area and we are looking for researches who 
have extensive knowledge of this type of study. 
 
Please email us with your qualifications and information and we will 
get back with you. 
 
Thank you very much for your cooperation. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Sep 22 08:52:48 1995 
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Message-ID: <MAILQUEUE-101.950922133400.384@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk> 
From: "Charles Sheppard" <SH@dna.bio.warwick.ac.uk> 
Organization:  Biol. Sciences Univ. of Warwick 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date:          Fri, 22 Sep 1995 13:34:00 GMT 
Subject:       Chagos Archipelago, central Indian Ocean 
Priority: normal 
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X-Status: A 
 
There is a 20 person reef and island science research visit to Chagos  
in the central Indian Ocean for periods of up to 6 weeks, starting in  
February.  For various reasons, access to this region is restricted, 
and this will be the first research visit since expeditions in the 1970's.   
 
The atolls are uninhabited, the reefs pristine.  A couple of researchers 
who planned to come have recently had to drop out, thereby freeing up 
some space.  Anybody who is interested in details of the programme and 
who might wish to participate, please reply to this message, for receipt 
of a 4 page document on the programme objectives, present participants 
and logistical details. 
 
I hope some of you are interested - I would hate to have to leave a  
couple of places empty, especially since visits to the central Indian  
Ocean after this visit may once again be unlikely for a long time. 
Best wishes 
Charles Sheppard 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Sep 22 09:49:11 1995 
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Date: Fri, 22 Sep 1995 09:40:52 -0400 
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To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: eweil@rsmas.miami.edu (Ernesto Weil) 
Subject: "white-line disease"  
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Colonies of D.stockessi have started to show signs of the disease in 
Biscayne National Park reefs. Still very few individuals in the area though. 
Surveys made two weeks ago over 8 reefs (offshore and inshore) resulted in 
only one colony of Dstockesii (< 1% of colonies surveyed) with signs of the 
disease. Some colonies of Apalmata have been showing white bands (bleaching, 
white band disease?) for over a month but this bands do not seem to advance 
quickly. R. Curry from the Park  Service, noted some colonies of M.cavernosa 
also with white-line disease symptoms. On the other hand, many colonies 
(60-70 % of the ones surveyed) of Acervicornis where mostly dead with only 
the tips alive in two of our reef sites. This young colonies were doing fine 
until two weeks ago. Symptoms seem to be those of the "white-line" disease. 
More to come. EW. 
  
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 19 10:45:51 1995 
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Date: 19 Sep 95 09:09:04 EDT 
From: Harry McCarty <73261.2212@compuserve.com> 
To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Disease Workshop 
Message-ID: <950919130904_73261.2212_FHO72-2@CompuServe.COM> 
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A workshop, "New Perspectives on Pathobiology of Coral Reef Organisms," 
will be presented at the 8th International Coral Reef Symposium, 24-29 June 
1996 in Panama City, Panama.  This one-day workshop will be held mid-week 
during the symposium and will provide a forum for education and 
communication in the field of pathobiology as it relates to the study of 
diseases in algae, invertebrates, and vertebrates of tropical marine 
ecosystems.  The workshop will consist of short presentations on diseases 
and research topics, hands-on discussion/demonstration sessions of methods 
and techniques in histopathology, microbiology, and parasitology, and a 
discussion on physical/chemical factors causing or mediating diseases in 
these organisms. 
 
Participants are encouraged to provide short seminars on topics in their 
area(s) of expertise, as well as to contribute examples of their own 
disease research "problems" for consultation.  Participants are also 
encouraged to submit papers on diseases of tropical marine organisms for 
presentation during a contributed paper session at the symposium, which 
will be published in the symposium proceedings. 
 
If you are interested in attending the workshop, please contact: 
 
Esther Peters                          Debbie Santavy 
Tetra Tech, Inc.                       U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
10306 Eaton Place                      Environmental Research Laboratory 
Suite 340                              1 Sabine Island Drive 
Fairfax, VA  22030  USA                Gulf Breeze, FL 32361  USA 
phone:  703-385-6000                   phone:   904-934-9358 
fax:    703-385-6007                   fax:     904-934-9300 
e-mail: ecpeters@planetcom.com         e-mail:  dsantavy@gulfbr.gbr.epa.gov 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Sep 24 16:16:37 1995 
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From: howzit@io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) 
Subject: Indian River, Florida 
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Hello, 
 
   I am interested in any information on the water quality (coral health or  
lack thereof) of Indian River, Florida.  I have left posts in newsgroups  
such as rec.scuba, surfed the Net for Florida agencies, and come up dry. 
 
   I am particularly interested if any water quality tests have been done  
off the ocean there.  My interest relates to the high incidence of the  
disease fibropapillomas in the green sea turtles in the area. 
 
   Someone studying the reef system or corals in this area (say by diving  
there) would certainly have the information I need. 
 
   Thanks 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 25 15:50:37 1995 
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From: "Stephanie Bailenson" <SBAIL@zoogate.zoo.hawaii.edu> 
Organization:  University of Hawaii - Zoology 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date: 	Mon, 25 Sep 1995 10:13:38 -1000 
Subject:       (Fwd) Indian River, Florida 
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This came off the fish scology list...Perhaps someone here can help. 
 
------ Forwarded Message Follows ------- 
Date:          Sun, 24 Sep 1995 16:04:58 -0400 
To:            coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From:          howzit@io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) 
Subject:       Indian River, Florida 
 
Hello, 
 
   I am interested in any information on the water quality (coral health or  
lack thereof) of Indian River, Florida.  I have left posts in newsgroups  
such as rec.scuba, surfed the Net for Florida agencies, and come up dry. 
 
   I am particularly interested if any water quality tests have been done  
off the ocean there.  My interest relates to the high incidence of the  
disease fibropapillomas in the green sea turtles in the area. 
 
   Someone studying the reef system or corals in this area (say by diving  
there) would certainly have the information I need. 
 
   Thanks 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 25 15:50:59 1995 
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Date: Mon, 25 Sep 1995 13:55:49 -0500 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu (Jay Randall Reichman) 
Subject: Coral spawning on Lee Stocking in August 
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This is a late note about spawning activity that was observed on North 
Perry Reef at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas on Aug. 17 and 18. 
 
Aug.17: At 21:15 - 21:30 a single colony of Montastrea cavernosa was 
observed releasing a milky substance (presumed to be sperm) in a series of 
pulses.  From 21:30 - 21:45 many pink/orange balls approx. 1-2mm diameter 
(probably eggs packs from another Monastrea type) were seen in the water 
column.  The exact colonies from which these balls were released could not 
be confirmed.  Throughout the night there were dense clouds of worms, small 
fish and other juvinille organisms which were attracted to the lights. 
 
Aug. 18: At 21:15 - 21:45 many colonies of M. cavernosa were seen with 
white packets at the mouths of polyps with retracted tentacles.  During the 
same time large swellings were noted in the grooves of a colony of 
Copophyllia natans. 21:30, a foamy white slick was observed on the surface. 
22:00, a platy colony of Montastrea faveolata (?) released many 1-2mm 
pink/orange balls in a single pulse.  These looked to the unaided eye to be 
identical to those seen on the previous night.  The specific identy of the 
platy Montastrea is uncertain at present.  This colony was examined in the 
field by Judy Lang and was thought to be M. faveolata, however, the slide 
which we took of this colony leaves us still wondering.  The slide is being 
sent to Ernesto Weil for comment.  We may have to collect the coral during 
our return to Lee Stocking in October for "expert" identification.  22:10, 
5 brittle stars (Ophioderma rubicundum) were observed 
in an aggregation on top of another platy Montastrea adjacent to the one 
described above.  Again, there were huge amounts of worms, small fish, etc 
swarming around the lighting equipment. 
 
We are still waiting to hear about observations made on Lee Stocking during 
September. 
 
Adios, 
Jay Reichman 
Dept. of Zoology 
University of Texas at Austin 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 25 20:30:22 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: howzit@io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) 
Subject: thank you VERY much 
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To all Coral types who responded, 
 
   Thanks all of you for the info you provided me so quickly regarding  
people to contact in the Indian River area.  Over three months of net  
surfing brought me zip but one message in Coral got me a phone number.  That  
one phone call to Florida got me another phone number but I know THAT one  
will have all the info I need. 
 
   The gentleman I spoke to briefly (it was 10 to 5 when I called) confirmed  
my suspicion that the Indian River area is far from pristine.  I mentioned  
that our dive site on Maui got trashed and he agreed "trashed" is a good  
word for Indian River but grand efforts are being made to "restore" it. 
 
   My husband and I had an area of ocean of West Maui all to ourselves.   
I've dived it since 1977 - he since 1987.  In 1989, this area experienced  
the first of several cladophora algae blooms.  Because we dive with video we  
were able to document it.  Upon our return in 1990 we were shocked at how  
many corals died in the course of 10 months. 
 
   Our dive site has been through blooms and heavy run offs and I can't  
begin to go into everything.  I am not a scientist, just a diver whose dive  
site got trashed.  We met some turtles there.  We dive with the same animals  
every year.  Since we met them in 1988, we have seen them get sick with a  
disease. 
 
   Indian River has the same incidence of disease.  Hence my interest in the  
water lack-of-quality of Indian River.   I am also interested in corals  
because (thankfully) there ARE corals that are still alive in our area and I  
intend to keep it that way. 
 
   Now to ask about Australia....    Thanks again 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Sep 25 20:34:52 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: howzit@io.org (Ursula Keuper-Bennett) 
Subject: Info re. the Great Down Under 
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I spent all day yesterday net surfing.  I stumbled upon the ERIN server in  
Australia and buzzed the files there.  I read as many files as I could  
before my back gave out. 
 
What got me especially interested was algae blooms in Australia.  Two sites  
are of special interest to me and like before I wish information on the  
water quality of these two areas. 
 
>From the Net files, the two areas of worst eutrophication/algae are 
 
Peel-Harvey system  
 
Cockburn Sound 
 
 
I am looking for people who can give me info on these two areas.  And yes, I  
am willing to make phone calls to Australia.  (It would be a first for me)   
I suspect with algae blooms that any corals in these two areas are goners. 
 
What I am also suspecting is these two areas are prime candidates for sick  
turtles.  If anyone reading this knows of others sub-tropical, tropical  
areas experiencing algae blooms/eutrophication, I would VERY like to know  
about it. 
 
Turtle people and coral people have VERY much in common.  We BOTH need the  
oceans to be clean.  Thanks. 
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 26 01:19:58 1995 
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Date: Mon, 25 Sep 1995 15:59:53 -0500 (EST) 
From: "Minton, Scott T" <MINTON_S@skelton.dep.state.fl.us> 
Subject: Indian Ocean trip 
To: CORAL-LIST@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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I understand that a trip to several pristine Indian Ocean atolls is being planned 
for Feb 1996.  I would appreciate receiving documentation on the research 
objectives, project logistics, etc. 
 
Thanks, 
 
Scott Minton 
minton_s@skelton.dep.state.fl.us 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 26 09:46:36 1995 
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From: vscalco@earthsat.com 
To: Coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Trip to Indian Ocean 
Reply-To: vscalco@earthsat.com 
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 95 09:34: 2 EDT 
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I would also like to request documentation on the findings, objectives from  
the 1996 trip to the several prinstine Indian Ocean Atolls. Thank you. 
 
Valerie J. Scalco 
Product Services 
Earth Satellite Corporation 
email: vscalco@earthsat.com 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 26 11:28:55 1995 
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From: adam@coral.us.sidwell.edu (Adam Frampton) 
Message-Id: <199509261819.LAA07352@coral.us.sidwell.edu> 
Subject: EarthVision at Sidwell Friends 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Date: Tue, 26 Sep 1995 11:19:31 -0700 (PDT) 
Cc: ev@coral.us.sidwell.edu 
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Interested members of the scientific community: 
 
My name is Adam Frampton, and I am a student at the Sidwell Friends High School 
in Washington, DC. During this school year, a team of students wrote a grant  
proposal with a team of students and was awarded an EPA grant under the  
EarthVision project at Saginaw Valley State University, in Bay City Michigan.  
My team, which includes 4 other students and 1 teacher, participated in  
several weeks of classes/lectures in Michigan.   
 
Our proposal outlined a study of the coral reefs in Southern Florida. We are 
examining the causes of the decline which has taken place since 1980. Using 
computational analysis and scientific visualization, we will be creating 
models, simulations, and visualizations of abiotic and biotic factors.  
 
Our school has been awarded a Silicon Graphics Indy workstation equiped  
with the latest in graphics technology, and access to the Cray Supercomputer  
at the National Environmental Supercomputing Center, here in Bay City. Our team  
has experience programming in C and FORTRAN, which are part of the program,  
but we will be using AVS to create the actual visualizations. 
 
We have been working with Dr. James Porter and others to gather our data.  
Biotic factors that we will be looking at include: percent of coral coverage, 
species abundance (two species which Dr. Porter refers to as "indicator  
species,") and species diversity. Abiotic factors include: salinity, pH,  
temperature, and turbidity. The team recently gained access to the EPA Storet  
database so perhaps our study will also include heavy metals and other factors. 
We will be examining the thermocline which causes warmer, hypersaline waters 
to sink, and attempting to determine it's cause. If possible, we will also  
try to create a simulation in which we can adjust the abiotic factors and 
"see" it's effect upon the coral health.  
 
Our homepage just opened the other day. Although not quite complete, it  
does provide a very good outline of what we're going. You can find that  
homepage at http://coral.sidwell.edu. (Netscape 1.1N+ / 8bit graphics  
are better for viewing) Because sidwell.edu's net connection is so slow,  
the homepage will soon be mirrored on townhall.org, which has a T3 connection  
to the net, I believe.  
 
If anyone has any data or knows anything about visualization of the coral  
reefs, that may be relevant to our study, please feel free to email here at  
adam@earthvision.svsu.edu. 
 
Thank you,  
 
Adam Frampton 
Sidwell Friends EarthVision Team 
 
PS- Here are the coordinates of the reefs we are looking at. 
 
Ball Buoy Reef 	25 deg. 19.067 minutes N 
		80 deg. 11.128 minutes W 
 
Triumph Reef 	25 deg. 28.60 minutes N 
		80 deg. 06.70 minutes W 
 
Carys Fort	25 deg. 13.30 minutes N 
		80 deg. 12.70 minutes W 
 
Looe Reef 	24 deg. 32.5 minutes N 
		80 deg. 24.00 minutes W 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 26 13:49:07 1995 
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Date: 26 Sep 1995 18:32:11 +0000 
From: "M.A.Johnston (Mabs Johnston)" <M.A.Johnston@open.ac.uk> 
Subject: Indian Ocean trip 
To: Coral -list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Re:Trip to pristine Indian Ocean atolls,Feb 1996..  
I would also appreciate receiving documentation on the research 
objectives, project logistics, bench fees etc. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Mabs Johnston 
 
M.A.Johnston@open.ac.uk 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Sep 26 19:35:44 1995 
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Date: Tue, 26 Sep 1995 19:30:57 -0400 
From: FKMRC@aol.com 
Message-ID: <950926193055_68801676@mail02.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: ICRS Coral Culture Symposium 
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Potential participants: 
 
A few slots are left for presentations in the "Coral Culture for Science and 
Reef Management" symposium to be held during the 8th ICRS in Panama. Papers 
are sought which describe the methods and results of coral culture for 
research models and applications such as reef restoration.Talks will be 20 
minutes including the question period. Abstracts should conform to the ICRS 
format and are due no later than 15 October. Manuscripts will be accepted for 
peer review at the symposium and must also conform to the ICRS instructions. 
 
The symposium is being  co-organized by myself and Prof. Jean Jaubert. Please 
send inquiries or abstracts to me at one of the following addresses: 
 
Erich Mueller, Director 
Mote Marine Laboratory 
Florida Keys Marine Research Center 
P.O. Box 500895 
Marathon, FL   33050 
 
phone: (305) 289-4282 
FAX:    (305) 289-9664 
email:   FKMRC@aol.com 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep 27 05:45:25 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: Earth.Works@ucb.edu.bz (Melanie McField) 
Subject: Coral bleaching in Belize 
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Report on Coral Bleaching: Belize Barrier Reef 
 
On 9/23/95 coral bleaching was observed in shallow (0.5 - 1.5 meter) back 
reef areas off Sergent's Caye, Central Belize Barrier Reef. In this area, 
Millepora complanata was the most frequently observed coral bleached, 
partial bleaching was prevalent in Montastrea annularis. The following 
species were observed bleaching. 
Millepora complanata ( ~30% of live coral bleached ) 
Millepora alcicornis 
Agaricia agricia, f. tenuifolia 
Porites porites, f. divaricata 
Montastraea annularis (partial bleaching - creamy yellow) 
Acropora palmatta ( probably white line disease) 
Palythoa caribaeorum ?? 
 
This was observed in approximately 20 mins. Of swimming. 
 
Further reports have been recieved from dive guides and marine park 
personell along back reefs off northern Ambergris Caye ( as far north as 
Xcalac, Mexico) and in central Ambergris Caye, near San Pedro in back 
reefs, channels and fore reef( 50 - 70 feet) . 
 
Water temperatures have reportedly been elevated for some time (with temps 
of 32 - 34 C in shallow back reef areas)- 
 
Sapodilla Cayes, Southern Barrier Reef:   bleaching of 
Montastraea, Diploria, Acropora, Millepora, Agaricia, 
        also noted at  Roatan, Honduras, (esp. Montastraea annularis) on 9/25 
 
Field trips are now being organized. Details to follow. 
 
Melanie 
Earth.Works@ucb.edu.bz 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Sep 27 13:00:32 1995 
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1995 12:49:08 -0400 
Date: Wed, 27 Sep 1995 12:49:08 -0400 
From: CBAggie@aol.com 
Message-ID: <950927124905_110601898@emout06.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Mailing list 
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Greetings; 
      I am writting to submit my name for inclusion to the coral reef mailing 
list. I am currently a graduate research assistant with the Center for 
Coastal Studies @ Texas A&M University.  My current avenue of research is in 
artificial reefs but, I have conducted research on community structure of 
hermatypic reef corals and density banding in hermatypic corals.  I am 
currently searching for information on density banding and possible evidence 
of freshwater exposure and specifically test procedures for determining 
presence of humic acids in density bands.  Is there a procedure for 
requesting this information in your newsletter?  If so, please explain. 
Thank you for your consideration in this matter.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                         Carl 
Beaver 
E-mail   CBAggie@aol.com                                      Center For 
Coastal Studies 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                        Texas 
A&M Univ. Corpus Christi 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                         6300 
Ocean Drive 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                       Corpus 
Christi, Texas   78412 
.   
 
From hendee@wave Mon Sep 29 04:02:34 1995 
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From: Mabel Augustowski <mabel@usp.br> 
Message-Id: <199509290946.EAA23681@spider.usp.br> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: marine parks 
Cc: ecolog-l@umdd.umd.edu 
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Hi, 
Does anyone knows about papers, newsgroups, lists, WWW sites, etc. 
which deal with marine park management and/or benthos works, environ- 
mental education on marine ecology in parks, artificial reefs ? 
 
Thanks, 
 
Mabel Augustowski 
mabel@usp.br 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Sep 29 08:50:16 1995 
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Date: Fri, 29 Sep 1995 08:34:10 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Caribbean bleaching 
In-Reply-To: <199509290946.EAA23681@spider.usp.br> 
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Reefer Colleagues, 
I have just learned from Dr. Ray Hayes that bleaching from high SST has  
moved into the western Caribbean [Cayman Islands]...we see a great deal  
of +30C surface water from the Gulf south to Columbia...hurricanes  
appears to have kept eastern Caribbean mixed and cooler. 
 
Has anyone noted an increased incidence of bleaching other than what has  
been reported at Belize [and earlier this month in the Flower Gardens]? 
 
Thanks, 
Al Strong 
 
***************************************************************************** 
				Alan E. Strong 
Adj. Asst. Professor				      Project Manager - CPORS 
Oceanography Department		 		NOAA/USNA Cooperative Project 
United States Naval Academy			  in Oceanic Remote Sensing 
Annapolis, MD  21402-5026			      al@topgun.nadn.navy.mil 
strong@nadn.navy.mil				     Lab: Rickover Hall  Rm-1 
PH:	410-293-6566			  	       		 410-293-5468 
FAX:	410-293-2137				NOAA/NESDIS/ORA: 301-763-8102 
***************************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Sep 29 15:37:10 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: eweil@rsmas.miami.edu (Ernesto Weil) 
Subject: coral bleaching in the Southern Caribbean 
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I have just found that an intense bleaching event was occurring in some 
Venezuelan reefs (Morrocoy National Park) on the western coast of the 
country. This observation was made on Sep. 16 while colleagues went out to 
watch coral  spawing in the park reefs. Water temperatures of up to 32 
Celsius were registered  down to 8 m deep. Water temperatures were 28 
Celcius at 12 m deep.  
Dr. Ernesto Weil.  
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct  2 11:48:19 1995 
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To: <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
From: "Michael Crosby" <mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: coral bleaching 
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Does anyone out there have a complete list of the sites that have been  
reporting recent bleaching events on this list server?  If so would you  
please send the list to me?  I may have an opportunity to do a little  
remote sensing experiment and I am looking for a site of opportunity  
(preferably within the U.S., but not a must). 
Thanks, 
Michael 
 
--------------------------------------------------- 
Dr. Michael P. Crosby 
National Research Coordinator 
Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 
NOAA, SSMC-4, Rm 11437 
1305 East West Highway 
Silver Spring, MD   20910 
phone: 301-713-3155, ext. 114 
fax: 301-713-4012 
Internet: mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Oct  4 16:16:53 1995 
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Date: Wed, 4 Oct 1995 15:50:14 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: Michael Crosby <mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: coral bleaching 
In-Reply-To: <vines.MPY7+43+QkA@COASTS.NOS.NOAA.GOV> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951004154636.16701A-100000@seas> 
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The CARICOMP Steering Committee will be meeting in St. Petersburg Friday  
and Saturday.  We will review reports from the 25 laboratories, parks,  
and reserves in the network and assess the reports of bleaching.  The  
network would also be glad to work with you and NOAA on remote sensing.   
You will recall that we have written several proposals on this  
topic.  Cheers. 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
On Mon, 2 Oct 1995, Michael Crosby wrote: 
 
> Does anyone out there have a complete list of the sites that have been  
> reporting recent bleaching events on this list server?  If so would you  
> please send the list to me?  I may have an opportunity to do a little  
> remote sensing experiment and I am looking for a site of opportunity  
> (preferably within the U.S., but not a must). 
> Thanks, 
> Michael 
>  
> --------------------------------------------------- 
> Dr. Michael P. Crosby 
> National Research Coordinator 
> Ocean and Coastal Resource Management 
> NOAA, SSMC-4, Rm 11437 
> 1305 East West Highway 
> Silver Spring, MD   20910 
> phone: 301-713-3155, ext. 114 
> fax: 301-713-4012 
> Internet: mcrosby@coasts.nos.noaa.gov 
>  
 
From hendee@wave Mon Oct  6 11:26:03 1995 
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Date: Fri, 6 Oct 1995 16:05:41 BST 
From: Callum Roberts <cr10@mailer.york.ac.uk> 
Subject: Change of address 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-ID: <ECS9510061641A@york.ac.uk> 
Priority: Normal 
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Dear Fellow Reef Lovers and would-be members of the International Society for Reef Studies (or  
even would-be contributors to Reef Encounter; surely they must exist!), 
 
	I have just moved from the University of the Virgin Islands to Britain (two weeks too late to  
avoid the ravages of Hurricane Marilyn!!). My new address and contacts here are as follows: 
 
Dept. of Environmental Economics and Environmental Management, University of York, York, YO1  
5DD, UK. 
 
email:  cr10@york.ac.uk 
Telephone:  +44 1904 434066 
Fax:  +44 1904 432998 
 
	If you have a desire to bring fascinating reef-related information to others through the  
traditional medium of dead trees rather than the high tech glitz of coral-list, then don't hesitate to get  
in touch with me or Sue Wells.  
 
Best wishes, 
 
Callum Roberts 
Corresponding Secretary of ISRS 
Co-editor of Reef Encounter 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Oct  7 23:52:25 1995 
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Date: Sat, 7 Oct 95 21:00:19 PST 
From: "Ralph D. Arnold" <rarnold@teleport.com> 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Palythoa toxica? 
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I am seeking sources/suppliers of coral Palythoa toxica.  Any help 
would be appreciated.  Thanks!  Ralph (rarnold@teleport.com) 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 10 11:16:13 1995 
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Date: Tue, 10 Oct 1995 9:36:48 -0400 (EDT) 
From: CLAIR DONNELLY <CDONNE01@servms.fiu.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
CC: CDONNE01@servms.fiu.edu 
Message-Id: <951010093648.2040bcad@servms.fiu.edu> 
Subject: tetracycline 
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Does anybody have any information on the use of tetracycline (not  
radiolabelled) as a stain to monitor calcification?  I was hoping to  
examine uptake using fluorescence microscopy although some of the  
literature seems to imply that it has already been tried without success. 
 
Many thanks, 
 
Clair Donnelly. 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Oct 15 11:28:56 1995 
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Date: Sun, 15 Oct 1995 22:52:14 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199510151452.WAA12164@is1.hk.super.net> 
From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
Subject: EIA and Reefs Workshop 8th ICRS 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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                           WORKSHOP ANNOUNCEMENT 
 
          ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENTS INVOLVING CORAL REEFS 
 
        8th International Coral Reef Symposium, Panama City, Panama 
 
                              24-29 June 1996 
 
     If you are an environmental consultant, environmental 
scientist or engineer, natural resource manager, or other 
professional with an interest in EIAs involving coral reefs, we 
invite you to join us for a special one-day workshop to be held at 
the 8th Intl. Coral Reef Symposium. The objective of the workshop 
will be to review the current "state-of-the-art" and to develop a 
set of guidelines for carrying out practical, cost-effective EIAs 
which provide the information necessary for managers to make 
decisions regarding development projects that could affect coral 
reefs. 
     The EIA process is now a standard practice throughout the 
world. Coastal and marine developments in the tropics such as beach 
resorts, factories, piers, oil rigs, airports, reclamation and 
dredging are often planned in areas adjacent to coral reefs. What 
special considerations are needed when planning an EIA involving 
coral reefs? The EIA Workshop will focus on the following 
questions: 
 
    What type of baseline monitoring is required on coral reefs 
     and how much is sufficient?  
    Are there good indicator species for pollution, sedimentation, 
     or thermal impacts? 
    What precautions can be taken to lower the risk of damage if 
     the planned development proceeds?  
    If damage occurs, what is the likelihood of natural recovery? 
    Is rehabilitation a realistic possibility? 
    How do you get engineers to listen to scientists and vice 
     versa? 
 
     The Workshop Organisers Gregor Hodgson, Environmental Sciences 
Manager of Binnie Consultants Ltd., Hong Kong and James Maragos, 
Research Associate at the East West Center, have carried out EIAs 
involving coral reefs throughout the world. There will be no formal 
presentations at the workshop, however, a goal of the Workshop will 
be to publish the resulting Guidelines. 
 
     For further information on registration for the Symposium and 
     Coral Reef EIA Workshop, please contact: 
 
Gregor Hodgson, Binnie Consultants Ltd.,  
11/F New Town Tower, Pak Hok Ting Street, Shatin, Hong Kong  
FAX: 852-2601-3331 e-mail: GREGORH@HK.SUPER.NET 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 12 15:48:26 1995 
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Date: 12 Oct 1995 15:31:09 -0500 
From: "Gittings, S." <sgittings@ocean.nos.noaa.gov> 
Subject: October coral spawning 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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This is a notice to alert all scuba divers to be on the look-out for possible 
coral spawning on the eighth night after the full moon of October (Oct 15th or 
16th).  Although the majority of all coral spawning has proably already 
occured in the Gulf and northern caribbean in August and September, there 
appears to be a trend of delayed spawning the further south the coral reefs 
are located.  As an example, Roatan had no coral spawning activity during 
August but did in September.  Also, Bonaire, off the coast of South America 
has previously reported some spawning after the October full moon.  Again, 
watch for coral spawning, especially on reefs located in the southern 
Caribbean on the nights of October 15 and 16 between 2 and 3 hours after 
sunset.  
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 17 12:21:58 1995 
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Date: Tue, 17 Oct 1995 18:13:37 +0300 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: priess@com.univ-mrs.fr (Kathrin PRIESS) 
Subject: coral-spawning in Mayotte 
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Just for information to people interested in coral spawning elsewhere than in the Caribbean. 
I have heard from B. Thomassin of the Centre d'Oceanologie de Marseille, France that  
a massive coral spawning was observed in the lagoon of Mayotte Island (Comoro Archipelago, Mozambique Channel) 
during  the nigth from 16 to 17 October. This observation was made by Jean-Michel Maggiorani, chief of the fishery 
service of Mayotte (Service des Peches de Mayotte), and Bernard Gerard. The wind of 10 knots came from N/NW . 
Seasurface temperature(0-3m) was of 28 C . The moon was in the last quarter. It rose at 1 a.m. and set at 12:13 a.m.  
No other details. 
 
Kathrin Priess 
 
Kathrin Priess 
Centre d'Ocanologie de Marseille 
Station Marine d'Endoume 
Traverse de la Batterie-des-Lions 
F-13007 Marseille 
tel. (33) 91 04 16 00 
fax  (33) 91 04 16 35 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 19 10:29:31 1995 
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 Thu, 19 Oct 1995 09:17:38 -0500 (CDT) 
Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 09:17:38 -0500 (CDT) 
Date-warning: Date header was inserted by Post-Office.UH.EDU 
From: Jerry Wellington <wellington@uh.edu> 
Subject: Coral bleaching in Belize 
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Extensive coral bleaching was observed at Southwater Key and Glover's Reef 
(Long Key - outer reef and lagoon) on Oct. 15-17.  Transect surveys revealed 
that 60% to 90% of  the Montastraea colonies were partially of entirely 
bleached.  Bleaching was more severe in shallow water (> 10 m), particularly 
on the forereef at Southwater Key. At depth, colonies of  Agaricia lamarcki 
were extensively bleached. Also, Agaricia agaricites, A. tenuifolia, 
Madracis spp. and Porites porites revealed extensive bleaching on patch 
reefs in the lagoon.  Corals with limited or no observed bleaching included 
Millepora spp., Porites astreoides, Montastraea cavernosa, Dendrogyra 
cylindrus, Acropora palmata, A. cervicornis, Diploria spp., and Dichocoenia 
stokesii.     
 
This appears to be the first time that coral bleaching has occurred in Belize. 
 
 
 
	*****************************	* 
	 Jerry Wellington	 
	 Department of Biology	 
	 University of Houston	 
	 Houston, TX 77204-5513	 
				 
	 Voice: (713) 743-2649	 
	 FAX: (713) 743-2636	 
	 e-mail: wellington@uh.edu	 
	****************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 19 15:11:18 1995 
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Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 05:03:48 +0000 (WET) 
From: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu> 
To: Jerry Wellington <wellington@uh.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral bleaching in Belize 
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Dear Jerry: 
 
You mentioned that the coral bleaching you observed was the first seen  
or first reported from Belize.  On the other side of the world, Bob  
Richmond and I were surveying corals at 19 sites in Palau.  We found some  
bleaching at nearly all 19 sites.  A large number of species were  
involved.  The percentage was not great, nothing to get alarmed about,  
perhaps on the order of 5%.  Nevertheless, I have been going to Palau  
since 1976 and I never saw such frequent or ubiquitous bleaching.  The  
low percent of the coral bleaching in Palau is not exciting, and  
bleaching has probaby always been happening, but it is curious that  
Belize and Palau are on opposite sides of the world and both seem to be  
showing more than usual.  
 
Sincerely, 
 
Chuck   
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 19 21:20:54 1995 
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Date: Thu, 19 Oct 1995 19:08:39 -0600 (CST) 
From: "Ruiz renteria Fco. Gerardo" <renteria@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
X-Sender: renteria@mar 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: coral bleaching (fwd) 
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This message was sent to the CARICOMP data management center just before  
ROXANE paid us a visit. It is now being forwarded to coral-list since it  
is of regional interest. The estimations we talk about are really rough 
estimates. 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 9 Oct 1995 13:46:33 -0600 (CST) 
From: Ruiz renteria Fco. Gerardo <renteria@mar.icmyl.unam.mx> 
To: Linton Dulcie <dmlinton@uwimona.edu.jm> 
Subject: coral bleaching 
 
Observations of coral bleaching were made last october 6th on Puerto  
Morelos, Mexico Reef.  
Semiquantitative Estimations of damaged species and percentage number of  
colonies affecte are as follows: 
 percentage     Species 
no. colonies 
 
1 to 20         Diploria strigosa, Porites astreoides,  
                Acropora palmata, Acropora cervicornis   
 
41 to 60        Porites porites, Isophyllastrea rigida, Isophyllia  
                  sinuosa, Millepora alcicornis         
 
61 to 80       Palythoa (zoanthid) 
 
81 to 100       Montastrea annularis, Millepora complanata Other less  
                abundant species, within this range were: 
                 Meandrina meandrites,  Acropora prolifera 
some species of gorgonians showed  signs of bleaching. 
 
Obsevations were made by Rosa Rodriguez and Francisco Ruiz. 
We will put this announcemente on the reef list and other communication  
media since it is of general importance for the region 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 19 22:21:08 1995 
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Date: 	Thu, 19 Oct 1995 14:48:06 -1000 
From: Cindy Hunter <cindyh@hawaii.edu> 
To: Charles Evans Birkeland <birkelan@uog9.uog.edu> 
cc: Jerry Wellington <wellington@uh.edu>, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Coral bleaching  
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Dear Jerry,  Chuck, et al.: 
 
I have been monitoring a small coral community [maybe 3000 sq m; <3m 
depth] off Kailua, Oahu more or less weekly for the past four years. I 
have begun to be able to predict that SOME colonies of Porites evermanni 
[deeply pigmented massive colonies] and encrusting Montipora patula and M. 
verrucosa will bleach in patches EVERY April/May and September/October. 
Patches vary in size from a few sq cm to half a sq m; some are quite pale 
while others are just mottled. Very few colonies [and only Montipora] are 
entirely bleached.  Patches last for 2-3 weeks before recovering to full 
pigmentation.  
 
A couple of things strike me about these patterns, as well as the ones 
that you've reported from Belize and Palau. First, late spring and early 
fall are probably NOT times of the year, either now or historically, when 
field work is maximal for most of us.  Whether too early or too late for 
our field seasons, or precluded by finals, new semesters, whatever--it 
might be interesting to gather a consensus of WHEN we're are actually out 
there LOOKING.  Have you or anyone else been in Belize or Palau in October 
previously, with an eye out for bleaching?  Second, is it possible that 
we're getting ever more "tuned in" to bleaching, and therefore are 
increasingly better able to observe even subtle or low level events? I'd  
be very interested in your views-- 
 
Aloha, 
Cindy  
 
From hendee@wave Mon Oct 20 09:51:16 1995 
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Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 09:42:20 -0400 
From: CBAggie@aol.com 
Message-ID: <951020094219_128568982@emout06.mail.aol.com> 
To: Cindyh@hawaii.edu 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Past Bleaching 
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Cindy et al.; 
        I"d like to response to your comment about bleaching observations 
during October.  During the month of October 1992 I watched a bleaching event 
occur on the reefs off the Mexican Yucatan at Placer just north of Belize. 
 These reefs were observed to be free from bleaching during May and June of 
that same year.  Locals suggested the event may have started in late August 
in the region.  My field notes indicate that Montastrea annularis and 
Siderastrea sp. were the most often bleached species with the Siderastrea sp. 
commonly displaying a blotchy patterns.   I have a rather extensive 
collection of photographs of the area and plan to review them to identify 
other species that were bleaching at that time.    
 
 
 
Carl Beaver  
Center for Coastal Studies 
Texas A&M University 
College Station Texas 
 
CBaggie@aol.com 
 
From hendee@manoa Mon Oct 20 14:47:19 1995 
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Date: Fri, 20 Oct 1995 14:34:40 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Florida Keys reef destruction. 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951020143149.3474A-100000@coral> 
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John Ogden of the Florida Institute of Oceanography has asked that we 
forward this to the coral-list.  
 
============================= 
 
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 
 
October 17, 1995 
 
SCIENTISTS DISCOVER DAMAGE ON DEEP CORAL REEFS OF THE FLORIDA KEYS 
 
A team of U.S. and Australian scientists have discovered extensive 
sediment damage on the deep coral reefs off Long Key in the middle Florida 
Keys.  The Keyswide Coral Reef Expeditionary Team discovered large brain 
and star corals at depths below 50 feet that had been growing luxuriantly 
in the area of Tennessee Reef for at least 100 years.  Many of these 
corals were partially or completely dead, recently smothered by fine 
sediments falling on the reef from the shallows.  While the source of the 
sediments has not been identified, it is suspected that the large plumes 
of cloudy water from Florida Bay have increased sediment loads to lethal 
levels.  By contrast, the deep reefs of Alligator Reef, just a few miles 
to the north and more isolated from Florida Bay water, still had 
spectacular coral growth.  
 
Local residents and scientists have long known that Florida Bay waters 
move to the southeast through the major passes between the Keys and over 
the reefs of the middle Keys.  Yet large corals have obviously thrived 
there in times past.  What recent changes in Florida Bay are now killing 
our reefs?  Beginning in 1987, when large areas of seagrass died in 
Florida Bay, scientists suspected that decades of water management changed 
conditions in the Bay.  Those changes have accelerated, and today water 
inimical to coral growth regularly washes over offshore areas of the 
Middle Keys.  As part of the regional plan to restore the Everglades, the 
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is planning a major effort to improve the 
quantity and quality of water delivery to the ecosystems of the Everglades 
and in Florida Bay.  
 
Documenting recent changes along the Florida Reef Tract and developing 
management priorities are major goals of the Management Plan of the 
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  The Plan is currently under 
public review.  The Keyswide Coral Reef Expedition, which is part of the 
ecological assessment program, is supported by the Sanctuary, the Munson 
Foundation, the NOAA National Undersea Research Program at the University 
of North Carolina at Wilmington, the Harbor Branch Oceanographic 
Institution, and the Florida Institute of Oceanography.  Dr. Richard 
Aronson, of Alabama's Dauphin Island Sea Lab is Chief Scientist of the 
Expeditionary Team.  "Data from the Expedition will provide the first 
ecological picture of the entire Reef Tract, from Fowey Rocks in the north 
to the Dry Tortugas in the southwest.  Our studies will allow us to 
identify the conditions that foster healthy reefs and the influences that 
degrade and destroy reefs," Aronson said.  
 
Other participants include scientists from institutions in Florida, North 
Carolina and Alabama, as well as the Reef Survey Team from the Australian 
Institute of Marine Science.  Dr. Terry Done Australian team leader said 
that the Expedition "provides a unique opportunity to understand the 
striking parallels between the Great Barrier Reef and the Florida Reef 
Tract."  A key issue for both countries is understanding the impact of 
sewage and land use practices on the long-term health of coral reefs.  The 
participating scientists anticipate major international cooperative 
efforts to share data and information in order to solve these problems.  
 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Tue Oct 21 03:22:37 1995 
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Date: Sat, 21 Oct 1995 01:16:10 +0600 
From: orion@speedy.coacade.uv.mx 
Message-Id: <9510210716.AA03050@speedy.coacade.uv.mx > 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: e-mails 
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Dear list member. 
 
 
 
If you know the e-mail of John Tunnell 
 
of Center for Coastal Studies 
 
Texas A&M University, and people working with 
 
coral reproduction, please send me. 
 
 
 
Juan M.Vargas Hernndez 
 
Director del Museo de Zoologa 
 
Facultad de Biologa 
 
Universidad Veracruzana 
 
A.P. 755. C.P. 91000 
 
Phone home: 10-25-97 
 
Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico. 
 
 
 
e-mail: orion@speedy.coacade.uv.mx 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Tue Oct 21 09:29:22 1995 
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Dear "coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov" subscriber 
 
We have noticed that you are working with coral reefs and related aspects. 
 
Allow us to introduce ourselves: 
We are a newly established working group within the Acropora - Danish 
Society for the Conservation of Coral Reefs. We are very interested in 
aquiring information about what kind of coral reef research a) you  b) your 
institution are currently involved in. 
 
The information will be used in a database, intended to serve Scandinavian 
scientists (non-profit) who wish to establish contacts with people working 
within the same fields of interest. 
 
 
Thank you 
 
Acropora - Danish Society for the Conservation of Coral Reefs 
c/o Zoological Museum 
att: Database 
Universitetsparken 15 
DK-2100 Copenhagen 
Denmark 
 
____________________________________________________________________________= 
__ 
 
                Michael Sehested : Sehested@dk-online.dk 
 
                          Saxogade 109   3.mf 
                          DK-1662 K=F8benhavn V 
                          Danmark 
 
                          tlf: (+45) 31 23 24 41 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Thu Oct 23 15:12:02 1995 
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Date: Mon, 23 Oct 1995 14:53:32 -0400 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: eweil@rsmas.miami.edu (Ernesto Weil) 
Subject: Spanish translations abstracts VIII ICRS 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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We are offering translation (English-Spanish-English) services for the 
abstracts of the VIII Coral Reef Symposium in Panama. Fee is $25.00 per 
abstract. For information make contact through e-mail 
(eweil@rsmas.miami.edu), phone (305) 361-4642, or FAX  (305) 3614600.   EW. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct 23 17:13:54 1995 
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Date: Mon, 23 Oct 1995 16:57:55 -0900 (PDT) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, infoterra@cedar.univie.ac.at, 
        ECOLOG-L@umdd.umd.edu 
Subject: Marine Biology List-New  
X-Sender: marshall@isurus.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
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I am pleased to announce the establishment of MARBIO a global  
e-mail discussion list on all aspects of marine biology.  This  
notice will be cross-posted to several other lists so please excuse  
the overlap.  If anyone wishes to send this notice to other lists or  
to friends please feel free. For any list related or administrative  
issues please contact me:  
 
marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us. 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
 
 
To subscribe to the list please send a message to: 
 
majordomo@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
 
with the line: 
 
  subscribe marbio 
 
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
 
Additional instructions will be sent automatically upon receipt of  
your subscription.  Please keep them as a reference for future use. 
 
My regards, 
 
 
          Mike Marshall (list owner) 
marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
 
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Michael J. Marshall, Ph.D. 
  Mote Marine Laboratory               
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program 
  1600 Thompson Parkway                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
 
  941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax)       
___________________________________________________________ 
See the MML web page at http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
___________________________________________________________                                
     
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct 23 17:14:15 1995 
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Date: Mon, 23 Oct 1995 17:06:06 -0500 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: STENECK@maine.maine.edu (Bob Steneck) 
Subject: Spanish Translations for ICRS meeting in Panama  
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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        Not to engage in a bidding war, but as some of you know, we are 
offering Spanish translations for the reef meetings for $20/abstract.  
Money is entirely for deserving and hungry graduate students.  If you are 
interested please contact me via email at STENECK@MAINE.MAINE.EDU. 
 
        Cheers,  Bob Steneck 
 
         
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 24 02:25:42 1995 
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 Mon, 23 Oct 95 23:19:26 PDT 
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 11:35:00 -0700 (PDT) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Message-id: <308C856E@msm.cgnet.com> 
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TO        :    Coral-list 
FROM      :    John W. McManus/ReefBase Project Leader 
DATE      :    October 24, 1995 
 
Just a reminder that ReefBase needs photographs of coral reefs.  We need  
aerials, underwater scenics and pictures depicting reef uses and stresses  
(before and after shots are especially helpful).  We can also use  
color-coded satellite images. 
 
Duplicates of reasonable quality will be adequate, so it is not necessary to  
submit originals.  Slides or prints are acceptable.  Please describe the  
date and location of each photo as completely as possible, including  
coordinates if available and approximate depth for underwater photos.  
 Photographers will be clearly acknowledged for all photos selected for  
inclusion into ReefBase. 
 
SPECIAL OFFER: 
 
If we use 20 or more of your photos in ReefBase, you will receive a free  
copy of the ReefBase Version 1.0 CD-ROM when it is released in June, 1996  
(limit of one per photographer).  We begin beta-testing in January 1996, so  
please do not delay. 
 
Help us make ReefBase into a powerful tool for coral reef management.  Send  
us copies of your best and most useful photographs. 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
Coastal and Coral Reef Resource Systems Program 
International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management (ICLARM) 
205 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Metro Manila 1229  
Philippines 
Tel. No. (63-2) 8180466 
Fax No. (63-2) 8163183 
E-Mail: J.McManus@cgnet.com 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 24 10:38:57 1995 
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Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 10:36:11 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
cc: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Dismantling Sand Key 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951024103139.35G-200000@coral> 
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  This message is in MIME format.  The first part should be readable text, 
  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. 
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. 
 
--1918942866-1426654698-814542496=:8741 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII 
Content-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951024101257.913I@wave> 
 
 
This message from Dr. John Ogden is herewith forwarded to the Coral  
Health and Monitoring list-server, as well as the Marine Biology  
list-server.  Please accept my apologies for any duplicates postings. 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 09:48:16 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: James Hendee <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Dismantling Sand Key 
 
From: 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
====================== 
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--1918942866-1426654698-814542496=:8741-- 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 24 10:49:48 1995 
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Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 10:36:11 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
cc: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: Dismantling Sand Key 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951024103139.35G-200000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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  while the remaining parts are likely unreadable without MIME-aware tools. 
  Send mail to mime@docserver.cac.washington.edu for more info. 
 
--1918942866-1426654698-814542496=:8741 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII 
Content-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951024101257.913I@wave> 
 
 
This message from Dr. John Ogden is herewith forwarded to the Coral  
Health and Monitoring list-server, as well as the Marine Biology  
list-server.  Please accept my apologies for any duplicates postings. 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 24 Oct 1995 09:48:16 -0400 (EDT) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: James Hendee <hendee@aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: Dismantling Sand Key 
 
From: 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
====================== 
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--1918942866-1426654698-814542496=:8741-- 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 24 14:10:19 1995 
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Date: Tue, 24 Oct 95 17:33:45 GMT 
From: Mark.Spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
Subject: The total area of coral reefs 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Precedence: bulk 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
As a result of its ongoing reef mapping work, which, as you may know, is  
linked to the ReefBase database, the World Conservation Monitoring Centre has  
the most comprehensive global digital reef map in the world and one thing  
we're very keen to do is re-calculate the total area of coral reefs in the  
world.  Work is currently underway preparing preliminary figures which should  
be published in a paper on marine biodiversity to be given at the 2nd  
Conference of the Parties for the Convention on Biological Diversity.  It is  
hoped to provide better figures for the Coral Reef Symposium in Panama.   
 
Interestingly it looks as though the figures being generated may be  
considerably smaller than those given by Smith (1978, total global area -  
600,000 sq km).  If this is indeed the case, it is not entirely surprising  
given the nature of the maps - Smith and others have tended to focus on areas  
of reefal shelf, whereas the source maps used at WCMC are largely based on  
reefs visible from the surface.  I would be very interested to know your  
comments on this, and also to track down any national or even sub-national  
projects which have accurately calculated reef areas.   
 
Part of this problem is the old one of "what is a coral reef?" and the  
definition may have to vary depending on whether you are interested in reefs  
for fisheries, tourism, productivity, biodiversity conservation or  
calculation of carbon budgets. 
 
Yours 
 
Mark D. Spalding                          E-mail: mark.spalding@wcmc.org.uk 
 
World Conservation Monitoring Centre 
219 Huntingdon Rd 
Cambridge, CB3 0DL                                     Fax: +44 1223 277136 
United Kingdom                                         Tel: +44 1223 277314 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Sat Oct 25 09:57:45 1995 
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-0400 
Date: Wed, 25 Oct 1995 09:47:38 -0400 (EDT) 
From: Sandy Vargo <svargo@seas.marine.usf.edu> 
To: coral list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
cc: jogden@marine.usf.edu 
Subject: Resending press release sent by J. Ogden 10/24/95 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951025094531.19108A-100000@seas> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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X-Status:  
 
Due to the usual e-mail glitches some of you were unable to read the  
press release concerning the dismantling of the Sand Key station sent by  
J. Ogden yesterday.  I am resending it is what I hope is  a more readable  
format.  Please let me know if you still get a garbled message. 
                   FLORIDA INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY 
                      University of South Florida 
                            St. Petersburg 
 
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE 
 
 
October 25, 1995 
 
 
SEAKEYS TO LOSE WEATHER AND OCEANOGRAPHIC  
MONITORING STATION AT KEY WEST 
 
The NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC), a branch of the National Weather Service, will 
dismantle the weather and oceanographic monitoring station at Sand Key south of Key West 
before the end of November.  This action is the first in a series of cost-cutting measures that will 
compromise the capabilities of the remaining 5 similar stations purchased by the Florida Institute 
of Oceanography (FIO) and installed under a cooperative agreement with NDBC to monitor 
Florida's reefs.  The other stations are located at Fowey Rocks, Molasses Reef, Sombrero Reef, 
the Dry Tortugas and Florida Bay.  The stations cost approximately $85,000 each for installation 
and are maintained and operated by two technicians located at the Keys Marine Laboratory in 
Long Key and the NDBC.  The total annual budget for maintenance of both the oceanographic 
and meteorological portions of the stations is $300,000.  
 
The FIO, a consortium of the State University System, installed the stations as part of its 
Macarthur Foundation-funded SEAKEYS monitoring program in 1989.  The SEAKEYS Program 
scientists at cooperating universities documented the decline of Keys coral reefs, the impact of 
sewage on nearshore waters, and the connection between Florida Bay and the coral reef tract.  
In addition to supporting this effort, the stations provide useful information on weather and ocean 
conditions to the general public, Sanctuary personnel, the Department of Environmental 
Protection (DEP), the Marine Patrol, dive operators, fishing guides, and federal and state 
agencies.  The solar-powered and satellite-linked stations provided a unique regional profile of 
Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and the Great Winter Storm of 1993 and documented annual winter 
cold fronts and summer calms leading to high water temperatures which are implicated in coral 
bleaching.  They also recorded dramatically lowered salinity in the Keys from the 1993 summer 
floods along the Mississippi River.   
 
Recognizing the need for the information, the National Weather Service has funded the 
continuation of the meteorological component of the stations at Fowey, Molasses, Sombrero and 
the Dry Tortugas.  NOAA through the Sanctuary and the DEP have provided interim funding 
until March 1996 for the oceanographic sensors at these same stations.  However, there are no 
further funds available for Sand Key and the fate of the remaining Florida Bay station will be 
decided in the coming months.   
 
 
 
FIO PRESS RELEASE 
PAGE 2/2 
 
The loss of the Sand Key station will compromise the Keys-wide oceanographic observations 
coordinated by the FIO and will damage the development of oceanographic observational 
capabilities basic to adaptive management.  Should permanent funding not become available for 
maintenance of both the meteorological and oceanographic portions of the remaining stations, the 
investment of well over $1 million will be lost at the very time when the data are most needed 
for the complex monitoring, management, and research plans now being implemented in Florida 
Bay and in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary. 
 
 
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 
 
John C. Ogden, Director 
           or 
Dr. Sandra Vargo, Assistant Director 
Florida Institute of Oceanography 
830 First Street South 
St. Petersburg  Florida 33701 
 
813-893-9109 
813-893-9109 (fax)  
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 26 10:24:23 1995 
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	 id KAA29996; Thu, 26 Oct 1995 10:12:49 -0400 
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 10:12:49 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: ICRI Chronolog 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951026100815.29990A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII 
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Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
A chronolog of important events surrounding the International Coral Reef  
Initiative is now available at our Home Page at: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov	 
 
under the link at "The Interational Coral Reef Initiative."  We expect  
this section to updated regularly. 
 
Please note the new address of the Home Page.  The old address will still  
work for some time to come. 
 
Take care... 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 26 10:25:12 1995 
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	 id KAA29970; Thu, 26 Oct 1995 10:02:56 -0400 
Date: Thu, 26 Oct 1995 10:02:55 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Director Position, CDRS 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951026100004.29945A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
POSITION AVAILABLE: Director, Charles Darwin Research Station 
(CDRS), Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 
 
The Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands (CDF) is 
seeking a Director for its international research, conservation and 
education center, the CDRS. 
 
Duties: management and administration of CDRS, including 45 
scientific and support staff; organization/supervision of annual 
process of planning, execution and evaluation of Station's programs; 
provide effective technical advice and cooperation to many 
Ecuadorian counterpart agencies, especially Galapagos National Park 
Service (GNPS), both for management of the national park (97% of the 
Galapagos' 8,000 km2 land area) and the new 70,000 km2 Marine 
Resources Reserve; supervise extensive training and educational 
programs for university students, the general public, and park 
guides; obtain a substantial proportion of the Station's annual 
budget via preparation of proposals and reports and participation in 
CDF's fund-raising campaigns in Europe, North America and Ecuador. 
 
Qualifications: Ph.D. or equivalent in a field of natural sciences, 
natural resources management or similar; minimum 4 year's practical 
experience in one's field, preferably in Latin America; bilingual 
English/Spanish; 25-55 years and in good physical condition; 
demonstrated strong interpersonal skills, team building and 
leadership with persons of wide variety of educational and cultural 
backgrounds; enjoy living and working in isolated conditions in a 
different cultural setting; preference given to candidates with 
experience in administration of similar institutions or programs, 
applied conservation research and/or training and educational 
program design and practice. 
 
Benefits: basic salary of US$ 30,000 per year with possible 
increment depending upon experience; candidates from European Union 
countries with direct relationship with a well-recognized 
university, research center or similar institution would be eligible 
for substantial additional increment if selected (due to a special 
European Union grant); free high-quality housing and health 
insurance; international transport of director, family and personal 
belongings; annual paid home leave of one month and international 
transport for same for director and family, after first two years of 
service; contract initially for two years, renewable. 
 
Deadline for applications: December 15, 1995 (EMail, telephone or 
fax if you are near or past the deadline yet still are considering 
applying).  Desire to fill position between February 1 and June 1, 
1996. 
 
Application Procedures: Send letter of application detailing 
qualifications and interest, curriculum vitae and three letters of 
reference to Dr. Craig MacFarland, President CDF, 836 Mabelle, 
Moscow, Idaho 83843, USA 
 
***APPLICATIONS WILL NOT BE ACCEPTED BY EMAIL*** 
 
For a complete position description, or, if you have questions, 
write, EMail, telephone or fax one of the following people: 
 
Dr. Craig MacFarland 
President 
Charles Darwin Foundation 
836 Mabelle 
Moscow, ID 83843, USA 
EMail: cmacfarl@uidaho.edu 
Tel:(208)-883-4876 
Fax:208-883-0653 
 
Dr. Ole Hamann 
Vice President 
Charles Darwin Foundation 
Botanical Garden 
Unversity of Copenhagen 
Oster Farimagsgade 2B 
DK-1353 Copenhagen K 
Denmark 
Email:  oleh@bot.ku.dk 
Tel:(45)-35-322222 
Fax:(45)-35-322221 
 
or Dr. Howard Snell 
Vice President for North America 
EMail: snell@alcor.unm.edu 
Tel: (505)-277-3524 
 
or CDF, Inc. 
100 N. Washington Street, Suite 311 
Falls Church, VA 22046, USA 
EMail: nzpcdf01@sivm.si.edu 
Tel: 703-538-6833; Fax: 703-538-683 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Oct 26 17:22:49 1995 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Information about CORALMAP 
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     Dear Coral Reef Community, 
      
     I am contacting you in a attempt to get information about two topics  
     and to describe a project that might be of interest to the coral reef  
     community. 
      
     The two topics that I need information about are: first, an  
     international program called CORALMAP; and second, about ongoing reef  
     studies in Indonesia.  I would appreciate any information that you can  
     provide on these topics.  My email address is: bmolnia@usgs.gov   My  
     phone number is (703) 648-4120 and my fax number is (703) 648-4227. 
      
     The project that I would like your feedback on is the development of a  
     coral reef educational CD-ROM.  The CD would be aimed at the general  
     public and public policy makers, rather than the scientific community.  
      Ideally, it could be used for primary and secondary education.   
     Please let me know what you think about the idea and what materials  
     that you have that you think might be suitable for such a disk. 
      
     Thank you; 
      
     Bruce F. Molnia 
     US Geolgoical Survey 
     917 National Center 
     Reston, VA 22092 
     bmolnia@usgs.gov 
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Oct 28 05:09:29 1995 
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From: orion@speedy.coacade.uv.mx 
Message-Id: <9510280850.AA03190@speedy.coacade.uv.mx > 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral Reef CD-ROM 
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	Dear Bruce F. Molnia 
	US Geological Survey 
	917 National Center 
	Reston, VA 22092 
	bmolnia@usgs.gov 
 
	Su propuesta sobre elaborar un CD-ROm [D [D 
	me parece muy interesante. En este sentido 
	recientemente desarrolle un programa de 
	computadora sobre los arrecifes coralinos 
	del mundo en un sentido amplio, tratando sus 
	principales caracteristicas. El programa hace 
	enfasis en los arrecifes mexicanos pero 
	particularmente hace referencia al sistema 
	arrecifal de Veracruz. Este programa trata 
	de abarcar los principales problemas que 
	han impactado a los arrecifes y esta dirigido 
	a estudiantes de los niveles secundaria y  
	preparatoria de la educacion en Mexico. 
	El programa aun no ha sido aplicado y en mucho  
	todavia hay que mejorarlo.  
 
	Esta diseado para Windows 3.1 y requiere una 
	resolucion de 800x600x256. Contiene alrededor 
	de 70 imagenes fotograficas, 4 animaciones 
	sencillas sobre crecimiento arrecifal y origen de 
	los atolones, y 42 temas desglosados. 
 
	Sus grandes temas son: 
	1. Que son los arrecifes de Coral? 
	2. Arrecifes Mexicanos. 
	3. El Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano 
	4. Problematica del Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano. 
 
	Si usted desea en cuanto pueda le hare llegar una copia  
	del programa. Consta de 5 disketes de 3.5 pulgadas 
	y requiere aproximadamente de 10 megabites del 
	disco duro. 
 
	Me interesa mucho su propuesta sobre elaborar algo 
	mucho mas elaborado como un CD y por supuesto estoy en 
	la mejor disposicion de colaborar en lo que sea posible. 
................................................................ 
 
	Juan M. Vargas 
	director del Museo de Zoologia 
	Facultad de Biologia 
	Universidad Veracruzana 
	A.P. 755 C.P. 91000 
	Tel (28) 17-92-02 mismo Fax 
	Tel casa (28) 10-25-97 
	Xalapa, Veracruz. Mexico. 
.................................................................... 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Oct 28 19:20:44 1995 
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Date: Sun, 29 Oct 1995 09:15:08 +1000 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: brian.long@qld.ml.csiro.au (Brian Long) 
Subject: Reef survey techniques 
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Hi, 
I am a research scientist for CSIRO fisheries, Australia and am involved in  
a project to do a reef resource inventory of the reefs of Torres Strait,  
northern Australia. I would like to contact others that are doing this kind  
of work. 
 
We have Landsat TM satellite imagery of the reefs, ArcInfo GIS and Image  
(image processing software). The objects of the project are to map the reef  
habitats and to get information on the distribution and abundance of the  
conspicuous megabenthos. The output of the project will be stored in a GIS  
of the marine resources of Torres Strait. It will serve as a base map for  
future monitoring and for designing cost-effective sampling programs to  
estimate the abundance of selected species. We have already done one field  
trip in February 1995 and go up again in November 1995. Part of our project  
is to develop rapid field assessment techniques for quantifying reef cover  
and the abundance of the conspicuous megabenthos. Last Feb. we sampled over  
700 sites on 26 reefs in eastern Torres Strait. The correlation we got  
between  satellite imagery pixel values (red, green and blue) and percentage  
cover (sand, live coral, algal pavement and rubble) was quite low (approx.  
25% variation explained). Depth was better (66%). If anyone is doing similar  
work I would love to hear how you are going. The maps we are creating from  
the field work and satellite imagery is to serve as habitat base maps for  
Torres Strait Reefs. We start a project in 1996 to estimate the standing  
stock of Beche-de-mer in Torres Strait. The habitat maps and data we are  
collecting from the current project will be used as pilot data to design a  
stratified cost-effective sampling program to estimate Beche-de-mer standing  
stock. If anyone else is doing this kind of work I'd also love to hear about it. 
Brian Long 
======================================================================= 
Brian Long,  Marine Ecologist      E-mail:  Brian.Long@qld.ml.csiro.au 
CSIRO, Division of Fisheries       Phone :  +61 7 3286 8288 
PO Box 120, Cleveland, Q 4163      Fax   :  +61 7 3286 2582 
Australia      
======================================================================= 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct 30 12:57:49 1995 
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Date: Mon, 30 Oct 1995 12:42:14 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Bleaching Update: Belize 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951030124100.21666B-100000@coral> 
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This message from Melanie McField herewith forwarded to the Coral List: 
 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Fri, 27 Oct 95 12:48 CST 
From: Melanie McField <Earth.Works@ucb.edu.bz> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Bleaching Update: Belize 
 
Coral Bleaching in Belize: Second Update 
 
As a follow up to the initial report on September 28, the Coastal Zone 
Management Unit of the Fisheries Department has been gathering information 
on the bleaching situation in Belize.  Anyone who has plans to collect, or 
has collected, data from Belize is requested toforward such data to one of 
the following addresses: 
1. Melanie McField, Coastal Zone Management Project, fax: 501-2-35738 
    E-mail: Earth.Works@ucb.edu.bz 
2. Earl Young, CZMU, Fisheries Department, fax: 501-2-32983 
 
To date, bleaching has been recorded on reefs off North Ambergris Caye 
(Bacalar Chico, Basil Jones Cut, Mexico Rocks), Hol Chan Marine Reserve, 
Caye Caulker, Sergeant's Caye, Goff's Caye, Southwater Caye, Carrie Bow 
Caye, Turneffe Atoll, Lighthouse Reef, Glovers Reef, reefs off Hopkins and 
Placencia, Snake Cayes, and Sapodilla Cayes.  An aerial survey was carried 
out over the area between Goff's Caye, Gallows Point and the northern part 
of Turneffe Atoll, with some bleaching observed on most of the reefs. 
However, although it is widespread, bleaching is nevertheless patchy, with 
some areas escaping and others being badly affected. In these badly 
affected areas bleaching can be recorded in aerial photographs. 
 
Underwater surveys, using point intercepts, random points, video transects 
have been carried out. At three locations individual corals have been 
tagged and photographed to monitor recovery. .  The CZMU has developed a 
number of simple methods that can be used by volunteers to help collect 
data on this event, in hopes of expanding the range of field data 
collection. We want to estimate the percent of corals that are bleached, 
the species involved, and the depths at which bleaching occurs, as well as 
the rate of recovery or amount of coral death. We hope to be able to 
incorporate some of the CARICOMP recommendations forwarded by Jeremy 
Woodley. 
 
In most places, the worst bleaching is at shallow depths (1-2 metres) 
behind the reef crest, with preliminary data indicating approximately 50% 
total coral colonies affected by some level of bleaching. The species 
apparently most  affected is Montastrea annularis - all morphs, although 
the smooth (sensu stricto) appears to be the most affected. The maximum 
depth of surveys thus far have only been down to 20 meters, at which depth 
bleaching has been observed, primarily in Agaricia spp.( in deep waters). 
 
The CZMU is also gathering data on sea water temperature, with the 
assistance of the Meterology Office and others. We do not yet have recent 
satelite sea surface temperatures and would appreciate this data ( or 
instructions on how to locate the data on the internet, if available). 
 
 Hopefully, one beneficial effect of Hurricane Roxanne will have been that 
it cooled down the waters and may have stopped any further bleaching. An 
updated species list follows: 
 
Acropora cervicornis 
Agaricia:  agaricites, humilis, tenufolia, grahamae, lamarcki, 
Colpophyllia natans 
Diploria labyrinthiformis, D strigosa 
Dichocoenia stokesii 
Eusimilia fastigiata 
Favia fragum 
Madracis spp (from Wellington) 
Meandrina meandrites 
Montastrea annularus ( all formas), M. cavernosa 
Millepora alcicornis, M. complanata 
Mycetophyllia aliciae, M danaana 
Porites astreoides, P. porites f. porites, divaricata, furcata, 
Siderastrea siderea, S radians 
Stephanocoenia michilini 
 
Palythoa caribaeourm 
Erythropodium caribaeorum 
Briareum asbestinum 
Eunicea spp. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct 30 16:52:04 1995 
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 30 Oct 1995 14:49:05 -0600 (CST) 
Date: Mon, 30 Oct 1995 14:49:05 -0600 (CST) 
From: "DAPHNE G. FAUTIN" <fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> 
Subject: Fellowship available 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Cc: FAUTIN <FAUTIN@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu> 
Message-id: <Pine.PMDF.3.91.951030144716.540886376A-100000@KUHUB.CC.UKANS.EDU> 
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I am offering a Fellowship under the US National Science Foundation  
Partnership to Enhance Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET) to support an  
enthusiastic, bright student interested in earning the Ph.D. degree in  
modern systematics at the University of Kansas.  KU is internationally  
known for its Natural History Museum and associated graduate program in  
systematics and evolutionary studies.   
	The project: Taxonomic revision and phylogeny of the  
north-temperate sea anemones of the genus *Urticina* (=*Tealia*) using a  
combination of conventional and modern techniques, including field and  
laboratory studies. 
	Timing: To begin preferably by 1 June 1996; financial support  
will continue for as much as 4.5 years, pending satisfactory progress and  
continued funding from NSF. 
	Financial: Following PEET guidelines, the graduate student will  
be supported through Research, Curatorial, and Teaching Assistantships;  
tuition costs will be covered by the grant. 
	Qualifications: Must have a strong interest in systematics and a  
willingness to learn about sea anemones.  Must be admitted to the  
graduate program of the Department of Systematics and Ecology, University  
of Kansas.  There are no citizenship requirements; non-Americans are  
encouraged to apply. 
	Inquiries: I will respond to specific queries made by e-mail,  
fax, post, or telephone.  For information on KU (the department or  
graduate school), please communicate in writing.  A person interested in  
applying for the Fellowship should send me a letter of interest, a  
curriculum vitae, a transcript (unofficial is OK), and names and contact  
information for at least three references.  The application deadline for  
summer term is in February or March; I shall begin considering candidates  
in January. 
 
Dr. Daphne G. Fautin 
Professor, Systematics & Ecology; Professor, Entomology 
Curator, KU Natural History Museum 
 
Division of Biological Sciences 
University of Kansas 
Lawrence, KS 66045 
phone 913-864-3062 
fax 913-864-5321 
e-mail fautin@kuhub.cc.ukans.edu 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Oct 30 17:38:13 1995 
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Date: Mon, 30 Oct 1995 17:28:26 -0500 (EST) 
From: Prof Alan E Strong <strong@nadn.navy.mil> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, jsapper@nesdis.noaa.gov 
Subject: Re: Bleaching Update: Belize 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951030124100.21666B-100000@coral> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951030171911.3810A-100000@charleston> 
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Melanie McField - 
 
Some satellite SST data on the Web that might be helpful for your bleaching  
obs.: 
 
NOAA has up-to-date SSTs here: 
psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/psb/eps/sst/sst_anal_fields.html 
 
	check out the "new" North American 14km fields that reaches 
	south to Honduras 
 
U of Miami - RSMAS: 
www.rsmas.miami.edu/images.html 
 
There is probably one from Navoceano in Stennis....do not know their URL. 
 
Hope this helps....we are working on new Tropical fields and anomalies to  
accompany them [Paper to be presented at upcoming CR Meeting in Panama]. 
 
Cheers, 
Al Strong 
 
 
 
***************************************************************************** 
				Alan E. Strong 
Adj. Asst. Professor				      Project Manager - CPORS 
Oceanography Department		 		NOAA/USNA Cooperative Project 
United States Naval Academy			  in Oceanic Remote Sensing 
Annapolis, MD  21402-5026			      al@topgun.nadn.navy.mil 
strong@nadn.navy.mil				     Lab: Rickover Hall  Rm-1 
PH:	410-293-6566			  	       		 410-293-5468 
FAX:	410-293-2137				NOAA/NESDIS/ORA: 301-763-8102 
***************************************************************************** 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Oct 31 14:05:02 1995 
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Date: Tue, 31 Oct 1995 13:29:05 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: CYANIDE FISHING IN ASIAN CORAL REEFS 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951031132632.5797E-100000@coral> 
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This message is forwarded from the marine biology list.  It has relevance  
to our study of coral health. 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 31 Oct 1995 11:43:01 -0500 
From: DAVE SALMAN <SALMAN.DAVE@EPAMAIL.EPA.GOV> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: CYANIDE FISHING IN ASIAN CORAL REEFS 
 
SEE ATTACHED ITEM FROM 10/31 GREENWIRE 
 
------------------- GW1031 follows -------------------- 
*1   FISHERIES:  CYANIDE FISHING DEVASTATES ASIAN CORAL REEFS 
     "In an ecological disaster that has gone largely unnoticed 
outside of the region, Asian fishing companies are using tons of 
sodium cyanide to fish the coral reefs of Southeast Asia, turning 
the world's richest marine environments into aquatic graveyards," 
reports Alex Barnum in the S.F. CHRONICLE. 
     With restaurant-goers in Hong Kong and China demanding 
large, exotic live reef fish, cyanide fishing is booming.  In the 
practice, divers squirt cyanide into coral reefs, temporarily 
stunning the fish (10/28), which are then shipped to market and 
sold at prices up to $40 a pound.  While the cyanide "is not 
toxic to people in the dose used for fishing," it is "more than 
enough" (William Stevens, N.Y. TIMES, 10/31) to destroy reef 
ecosystems.  "Within weeks, the reef's riot of colorful marine 
life becomes an empty, gray wasteland" (Barnum, S.F, CHRONICLE). 
 
                    AN "ENVIRONMENTAL MURDER" 
     Cyanide fishing began in the 1980s, but it has become so 
widespread -- extending from the Maldives to the Solomon Islands 
and Australia -- that it is "wiping out broad expanses of what 
ecologists say is the global epicenter of biological diversity." 
Marine ecologist Robert Johannes, who recently completed a study 
on cyanide fishing funded by the Nature Conservancy and the South 
Pacific Forum Fisheries Agency:  "We've got a big environmental 
murder going on" (Stevens, N.Y. TIMES). 
     The practice has destroyed most of the coral reefs in 
Indonesia and the Philippines, and is likely to spread next to 
Papua New Guinea and other South Pacific Islands, according to 
Johannes (Barnum, S.F. CHRONICLE).  The need to meet increasing 
demand as coral reef fisheries decline has prompted cyanide 
fishers to take more drastic action, sometimes dumping entire 55- 
gallon drums of cyanide into shallow reef communities. 
 
                 GROWING MARKET, GROWING STRAINS 
     "No slowing in the geographic expansion of the fishery nor 
of consumer demand is in sight," the report says.  Other nations, 
including China, Taiwan, Singapore and Japan, are increasingly 
involved in both cyanide fishing and the consumption of large 
reef fish.  Reefs are also under pressure from "a warming 
climate, pollution, overfishing and physical destruction." 
                      THE ENFORCEMENT ANGLE 
     Most nations have banned the use of poison for fishing, but 
governments have been unable to enforce the laws.  The report 
points to bribery as a possible cause of poor enforcement and 
suggests involving villagers in the management of coral reefs.    
     In a statement, the Hong Kong Agriculture and Fisheries 
Dept. said evidence of widespread reef destruction "is anecdotal 
and without verification through survey."  While the agency 
called the reports of reef destruction "regrettable," it said the 
capture of reef fish "is a legitimate exploitation of a marine 
resource" (Stevens, N.Y. TIMES). 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 08:09:37 1995 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Correction 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951101061450.889B-100000@coral> 
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Professor Alan Strong has forwarded a correction to his previous post of  
Web locations for SST images: 
 
> > Some satellite SST data on the Web that might be helpful for your bleaching  
> > obs.: 
> >  
> > NOAA has up-to-date SSTs here: 
 
Sorry....case sensitive...not CAPs: 
 
   psbsgi1.nesdis.noaa.gov:8080/PSB/EPS/SST/sst_anal_fields.html 
 
You may wish to broadcast this correction?? 
 
Cheers, 
Al Strong 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 13:27:24 1995 
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Date: Wed, 1 Nov 95 13:14:01 -0500 
From: Frank Snelson <fsnelson@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: JOB 
Message-ID: <Mailstrom.1.05.8985.-3114.fsnelson@pegasus.cc.ucf.edu> 
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GENERAL AND MARINE BIOLOGY 
 
The Department of Biology at the University of Central Florida invites 
applications for a tenure-track faculty position at the Assistant Professor 
level starting August, 1996.  We seek an individual to teach a large 
introductory biology course for majors.  We are interested in individuals with 
research specialization in marine biology, especially the physiological or 
behavioral ecology of marine animals.  The successful candidate will be expected 
to establish an active, externally funded research program and will teach at the 
undergraduate and graduate levels and direct MS graduate students in his/her 
area of specialization.  A Ph.D. and postdoctoral experience or equivalent are 
required.  Candidates should submit a curriculum vitae; names, addresses, and 
telephone numbers of three professional references; and statements of research 
and teaching interests to:  Llewellyn M. Ehrhart, Biology Search Committee 
Chair, Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 
32816-2368.  Submissions must be postmarked by January 2 , 1996.  Florida law 
dictates that all application materials and selection procedures are available 
for public review.  The University of Central Florida is an Equal 
Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.         
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 14:12:26 1995 
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Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 14:02:37 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Ocean Voice International, Ottawa 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951101140113.1907A-100000@coral> 
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A forwarded message from Don McAllister: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 07:49:43 -0500 
From: Don McAllister <ah194@freenet.carleton.ca> 
To: coral@coral 
Cc: bd268@freenet, bo093@freenet, stefano@epaus.island.net, ah201@freenet, 
    Haribon@phil.gn.apc.org 
Subject: Re: CYANIDE FISHING IN ASIAN CORAL REEFS 
 
Ocean Voice International, Ottawa. has been working since 1989 
with the Haribon Foundation for Conservation of Natural Resources, 
Manila, on helping aquarium fishers and others convert from use 
of cyanide to nets.  With a modest budget in the Philippines we 
now have 800 of the 2500 cyanide users trained and 500 of the 
800 have formed a national aquarium fish gatherers association 
to export cyanide-free net-caught fish.  We are seeking donations, 
memberships and grants to help provide a holding and export 
building and human resource development. 
 
We have also heard from reliable sources about the extensive use 
of cyanide for collection of live food fishes in Indonesia and 
the Philippines, so we give credence to Johannes's report. 
 
The high mortality of fishes exposed to cyanide makes it a non- 
sustainable practice, though easy to use, since it is hard to 
ajust the dose to merely stun the fishes, and many fishes die on 
the reef and on route to their destination.  Worse is that repeated 
exposure to cyanide causes coral to bleach and die.  The time for 
the coral habitat to replace itself is longer than the regeneration 
time for the fishes, assuming that that the use of cyanide is 
eliminated or reduced. 
 
For more information on Ocean Voice see our home page: 
 
	http://www.conveyor.com/oceanvoice.html 
 
Where can interested parties get a copy of Johannes report? 
 
Don McAllister 
 
-- 
Don E. McAllister, Canadian ##  & Ocean Voice International, Box 37026 
Museum of Nature, P.O.B. 3443 ##  3332 McCarthy Road, Ottawa, ON K1V 0W0 
Stn D,Ottawa,ON K1P 6P4  Tel. (613)264-8986, Fax: (613)264-9204 
E-mail addresses: ah194@freenet.carleton.ca / mcall@jester.com 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 14:13:57 1995 
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Date: Wed, 01 Nov 1995 14:03:57 -0500 
From: Gene Buck <GBUCK@crs.loc.gov> 
To: Coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject:  Nov. 6th meeting in Jakarta?? 
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Coral-list: 
 
      Anyone know the details on a Nov. 6th meeting in Jakarta, possibly to 
deal with protection of coral reefs and reef fish? 
 
                                                 Gene Buck, Senior Analyst 
                                                 Congressional Research Service 
 
  e-mail:  gbuck@crs.loc.gov 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 14:15:20 1995 
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Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 14:07:35 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Marine Sanctuary Regulations 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951101140444.2163A-100000@coral> 
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Proposed and adopted regulations for the following marine sanctuaries or  
reserves are now available at our Web site (http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov): 
 
 
	The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 
 
	Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary 
 
	Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 15:05:03 1995 
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Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 11:49:01 -0800 (PST) 
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> 
To: Coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Info on Biodiversity Convention COP II 
Message-Id: <Pine.OSF.3.91j.951101114831.22487A-100000@saul4.u.washington.edu> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Mon, 23 Oct 95 17:15:08 EDT 
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> 
To: Multiple recipients of list <biodiv-l@ftpt.br> 
Subject: Re: Info on Biodiversity Convention 
 
 
   The Second Convention of the Parties to the Convention on Biological 
   Diversity (COP2) will be held in Jakarta, Indonesia, November 
   6 - 17 July, 1995. There are two main sources of information for 
   this conference: 
 
   1. United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Web Page: 
        http://www.unep.ch 
        Contains background documents, official documents from COP1, 
        the agenda for COP2, and information for attendees. 
 
   2. Linkages Web Page: 
        International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD) 
        http://www.iisd.ca/linkages/index.html 
        Contains copies of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin for 
        COP1, and where ENB for COP2 will appear. 
 
   There are a few additional documents at Communication for a  
   Sustainable Future (CSF): http://www.csf.colorado.edu or 
   gopher csf.colorado.edu in the Environment/Conservation Biology 
   directory. 
 
   I believe that there are also some documents available from the 
   FAO Web server (http://www.fao.org, I think). 
 
   Preston Hardison 
   pdh@u.washington.edu 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov  1 18:32:10 1995 
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Date: Wed, 1 Nov 1995 11:37:42 -0800 (PST) 
From: Jim Culter <JCULTER@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: Lloyd Timberlake <lloyd@gn.apc.org> 
cc: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: marbio: How to conserve? 
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Dear Lloyd, 
 
I am sure your questions will generate many responses (and requests  
for funding).  I will offer some ideas based on our experience both  
in the U.S and overseas.  Scientists are often accused of always  
insisting on "more studies" without offering "answers" to socially  
caused environmental problems.  In defense, many of these problems  
are "new" and require new information. 
 
At MML we are inundated with questions from the public, wanting to  
know the causes and cures for complex problems.  Sometimes we have  
answers based on many years of data, but for many questions we do not  
have simple answers.  New problems demand new data.  In terms of  
scientific data and enviromental studies the U.S. is far ahead of Latin 
America (this is not a criticism of science in these areas, just a 
comment on the "quantity" and intensity of research). 
 
There is a popular notion within the conservative political elements  
of the U.S. that we have had enough environmental science, enough  
studies and that conservation is counter to economic development.   
Without arguing this point I will say this is simply not true. 
 
Much of the financial aid to Latin America is in the form of  
management and planning projects.  My question is; What are they  
planning to manage, and how, if the information describing the type,  
quantity and function of the resources is deficient or totally  
lacking.  Environmental science has largely been reactive, with  
systems being studied only after problems are perceived.  This  
palces a burden on the scientist to somehow determine causes and  
levels of degradarion without any reliable data on the condition in  
"the good ole days". 
 
The point of this is that to have a working conservation program  
today we need to know how things were working yesterday.  The  
stabilization of Central American politics is resulting in an  
increase exploitation of the coastal resources, at a rate that far  
exceeds development of scientific knowledge. 
 
My encouragement is for the combination of developing management  
strategies based on large quantities of sound science and data  
gathering.  Training of indigenous people is important and they must  
also be provided with the resources to continue gathering  
information after the training is completed. 
 
Good luck with your projects,   
 
Jim Culter                         jculter@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Mote Marine Laboratory             voice (813) 388-4441 
1600 Thompson Parkway              fax   (813) 388-4312 
Sarasota, FL  34236 
 
MML is a private non-profit marine/estuarine research and 
education laboratory.  All opinions herein are my own  
(not MML policy) unless noted as otherwise. 
Invertebrates rule! 
FOR MORE ABOUT MML SEE: 
http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us/research07/htm 
On Wed, 1 Nov 1995, Lloyd Timberlake wrote: 
 
> Greetings,    
>  
> I have a problem which I think will be of interest to most 
> of you, no  matter what your speciality.    
>  
> I am working with a new foundation which supports leadership for  
> sustainable development in Latin America. We are already funding  
> projects dealing with business, grassroots and institutional leadership.  
> We would like to develop a strategy to support leadership for nature  
> conservation. Since we "inherited" a small marine ecosystem  conservation 
> project in the western Caribbean (keys and coral), we are  looking at the 
> possibility of doing more work in marine conservation.    
>  
> My question is: Given the host of assaults today on shallow-water,  
> tropical marine ecosystems - varying types of pollution, over-fishing,  
> global warming, etc. - how does a small foundation with considerable  
> resources work most cost-effectively? Does one establish more small 
> conservation zones? Does one simply donate to a big  international green 
> NGO? Does one do policy work with Latin  American governments? Is there 
> key research which needs funding  which is not getting funding? (I am 
> afraid of getting thousands of  research proposals from this group.) 
>  
> I have spoken to a number of appropriate organisations, and it is  
> surprising how little consensus there is on how best to DO marine  
> conservation. The usual response is a rather unconvincing "Fund us."  
> Perhaps by throwing the question out to such a group, I can get  beyond 
> that.   
>  
>   Thanks in advance for your interest.  
>  
>   Lloyd Timberlake,  
> Visiting Fellow Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College  
> 48 Prince's Gardens, London, SW7 2PE, UK 
> Phone:+44 171 594-9286, Fax:+44 171 581-0245   
> e-mail: lloyd@gn.apc.org 
>  
>  
>  
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  2 14:29:51 1995 
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Date: Thu, 2 Nov 1995 14:05:41 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: FROM ITES News on OIL FIRE (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951102140449.776A-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 2 Nov 95 15:22:55 +0000 
From: support@lanka.gn.apc.org 
To: coral@coral 
Subject: FROM ITES News on OIL FIRE 
 
 
Oil installation fires at Colombo, Sri Lanka 
-------------------------------------------- 
 
Terrorists attacked the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation refinery and oil 
storage installations in Colombo in the early hours of October 20th 
causing several deaths and massive fires in the storage areas. Fires of 
this magnitude had not taken place in Sri Lanka previously and the 
assistance of fire-fighters with experience in fighting oil fires had to be 
obtained from India. 
 
The fires were accompanied by the deposition of oil which was 
reported by the media to have formed layers around 0.5 metres thick in 
some places. Some of the oil  passed by way of canals and a major 
river to the sea. Other immediately visible  impacts included those on 
market gardens in nearby areas. 
 
The Ceylon Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (CISIR) has 
issued a preliminary report on some aspects of the incident which may 
be of environmental significance. Based on information supplied by 
the Ceylon Petroleum Corporation (CPC) the crude and refined 
products presumed destroyed in a two day period were 39,000 tonnes 
of crude oil, 35,000 tonnes of diesel and 5000 tonnes of kerosene. 
Taking into account the sulphur contents of the oil products destroyed 
it was estimated that the oxides of sulphur produced during the fires 
could have been around 1690 tonnes (when calculated as sulphur 
dioxide). As regards oxides of nitrogen (calculated as nitrogen dioxide) 
the total produced could have been around 780 tonnes (including that 
resulting from the reaction of gaseous nitrogen with oxygen at high 
temperatures). 
 
A significant proportion of these acidic oxides is expected to have 
been returned to earth in the rain which accompanied the 
conflagration. 
 
This experience in Sri Lanka was followed by reports in the media a 
few days later of an oil fire in Indonesia due to a refinery being struck 
by lightning. These two incidents have caused further unease among 
environmentalists in Sri Lanka regarding a proposal to locate a giant 
refinery cum power plant near Hambantota on the south coast of Sri 
Lanka. The project is proposed to be located not too far from 
extremely wildlife-rich areas including feeding grounds of flamingos 
and other waterfowl and beaches frequented by marine turtles for egg 
laying. The Yala wildlife sanctuary is also located on the south coast 
while some of the coral reefs of Sri Lanka may be eventually impacted 
by oil. 
 
An Environmental Impact Assesment for the proposed project is being 
prepared by  the developers, 
Regional Cooperative Petroleum Refinery Co Inc., and will be opened 
for public comment in due course. 
 
Contributor: 
 
Rohan H. Wickramasinghe,  
November 01, 1995 
Institute for Tropical Environmental Studies, 
41 Flower Road, 
Colombo 7, 
Sri Lanka 
 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Nov  5 23:14:58 1995 
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Date: Mon, 06 Nov 1995 11:40:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: "'coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov'" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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TO        :    Coral List 
FROM      :    ReefBase Project 
DATE      :    November 6, 1995 
 
We are pleased to see increasing exchange of information on bleaching.  It  
would help us a great deal to know something of the extent of bleaching, as  
in number of bleached vs. unbleached corals, aerial extent and average  
bottom cover of living corals before and after an event.  Coordinates are  
very important as well. 
We hope everyone is aware that a low level of bleaching is a normal  
phenomenon on most reefs, such that up to one percent of colonies being  
affected is not generally a cause for concern.  The same applies for  
crown-of-thorns damage, white band and black band disease.  We assume that  
all reports thus far are of local epidemics, i.e. more than a few percent of  
corals are afflicted.  Please correct us if this is not the case with some  
of the email reports. 
Please send copies of any reports involving coral reefs, including trip  
reports.  We will clearly designate the type of source material in ReefBase  
so that queries can be made at various levels of confidence, e.g. only  
reviewed papers, all formal papers, all reports, etc.  Authorship will be  
clearly indicated as well, of course. 
 
John W. McManus 
ReefBase Project Leader 
ICLARM, 205 Salcedo Street, Legaspi Village, 
Makati, Metro Manila, 1229 Philippines 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Nov  6 13:43:19 1995 
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Date: Mon, 6 Nov 1995 13:30:24 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Archived C-MAN data from the Florida Keys 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951106131830.21585A-100000@coral> 
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Greetings Colleagues, 
 
I am very happy to announce that basic NDBC C-MAN (Coastal-Marine 
Automated Network) data, as well as Florida Institute of Oceanography 
enhanced C-MAN data, for the Florida Keys (years 1991-1995) are now 
available at our Web site:  
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
(more specifically:  http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/cman/cman_menu.html) 
 
"Basic" C-MAN data includes meteorological data and sea temperature.  FIO  
"enhanced" C-MAN data include sea temperatures at additional depths,  
salinity and photosynthetically active radiation at one or two depths. 
 
We all know that it is difficult to get long-term data sets upon which to 
make environmental decisions regarding coral health.  Funding for the 
maintenance of the oceanographic instrumentation of these FIO enhanced 
stations is in jeopardy, so if you find these data of use, it would be 
extremely helpful to make your voices heard.  For more information on  
making your voices heard, see "Bulletins" off our Home Page.  
 
 
Many thanks... 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov  7 08:37:46 1995 
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Date: Tue, 7 Nov 1995 08:19:31 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: ICRI Progress Reports 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951107081828.12359A-100000@coral> 
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The first three Progress Reports of the International Coral Reef  
Initiative are now available at URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/icri/icri.html 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov  7 09:03:47 1995 
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Date: Tue, 7 Nov 1995 08:57:14 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: lost souls? 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951107085313.12415A-100000@coral> 
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The following e-mail addresses of coral-list subscribers have been 
bouncing and are apparently inoperative.  If you see a colleague's address 
or name you recognize, and you think they'd still like to receive the list 
information, please either forward this message to their NEW address, or 
drop me a line as to their new address.  
 
Many thanks, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
==================== 
 
ccc@coralcay.demon.co.uk 
ccook@hboi.edu 
tja2@vax.york.ac.uk 
wpeterso@shark.ssp.nmfs.gov#011#william_peterson@ssp.nmfs.gov 
Simon.Jennings@newcastle.ac.uk 
carviskboreri@icarus.state.gov 
mcole@noaa.gov 
sdrake@state.gov 
jjones@state.gov 
73261.2212@CompuServe.com 
76260.2413@CompuServe.com 
jutro.p@epamail.epa.gov 
mmoore@violet.berkeley.edu 
email.jcu.edu.au@jcu.edu.au 
Madeline.G@eworld.com 
rachelle_ninio@ccmail.gbrmpa.gov.au 
sjameson@ocean.nos.noaa.gov 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  9 08:35:32 1995 
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Date: Thu, 9 Nov 1995 09:15:40 -0800 (PST) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: Shelley Anthony <santhony@mail.utexas.edu> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov, marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Re: Diadema spawning 
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I am interested in culturing Diadema at our field station at Pigeon  
Key.  I have searched for literature on Diadema reproduction and  
development but I haven't found much about spawning techniques.   
Would the ususal echinoderm spawning stimulants work with Diadema? 
 
 
 
     Michael J. Marshall 
     list owner - MARBIO 
 
For Marbio subscribers only: 
*********************************************************************** 
To unsubscribe send a message to: <majordomo@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
 containing the one line:  
unsubscribe marbio 
To receive the digest send a message to the majordomo with the one line: 
subscribe marbio-digest 
 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Mote Marine Laboratory              marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us              
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program     941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 
  1600 Thompson Parkway                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""    
See our web page at http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                            
Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization     
       
       
 
 
 
 
On Wed, 8 Nov 1995, Shelley Anthony wrote: 
 
>   One male Diadema antillarum was observed to spawn immediately after 
> handling near Lee Stocking Island, Exuma Cays, central Bahamas in the late 
> afternoon on October 26.  I am interested in hearing of any comparable 
> observations from anywhere in the western Atlantic/Caribbean.  Please 
> respond to santhony@mail.utexas.edu.  I greatly appreciate the help. 
>  
> Thanks, 
>    Shelley Anthony 
>    Dept. of Zoology 
>    University of Texas, Austin 
>  
>  
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  9 10:36:49 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1396206129.43429@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 9 Nov 1995 11:25:41 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: ICRI Active at UNEP LBS Con 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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                      Subject:                              Time:  10:20 AM 
  OFFICE MEMO         ICRI Active at UNEP LBS Conference    Date:  11/9/95 
 
News from the ICRI Secretariat 
 
ICRI and UNEP Intergovernmental Conference on 
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities 
 
 
International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) concerns were addressed in 
numerous different ways during the UNEP Intergovernmental Conference on 
Protection of the Marine Environment from Land-Based Activities, as agreed by 
the ICRI Executive Planning Committee. 
 
ICRI diplomatic activities during the Intergovernmental Conference included: 
 
	- References in speeches by government officials and others such as UNEP 
Executive Director 
 
	- Luncheon seminar to introduce delegations to ICRI 
 
	- Luncheon seminar on the economic impacts of pollution from land based 
activities on fisheries and coral 
 
	- Fact sheet on coral and LBS distributed to all delegations as part of 
Conference documentation 
 
	- Information booth at Conference Educational Forum 
 
	- Diplomatic viewing of ICRI/USIA award-winning video during reception at 
The Smithsonian 
 
	- Side-bar conversations with numerous delegations 
 
U.S. Vice President Gore highlighted case studies of success in management 
coral ecosystems and The International Coral Reef Initiative as part of his 
remarks to the Ministers of the UNEP Intergovernmental Conference.  
 
Partnerships with the Philippines and Thailand to promote sustainable coral 
reef management (particularly fishery and tourism sectors) were linked with 
the goals of the International Coral Reef Initiative.  They were important 
examples of his principal theme:  "And the only way to stop the degradation 
of the marine environment from land-based activities, is to share the 
solutions, just as we share the oceans." 
 
EXCERPT FROM VICE PRESIDENT GORE'S SPEECH AT THE INTERGOVERNMENTAL CONFERENCE 
ON PROTECTION OF THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT FROM LAND-BASED ACTIVITIES 
 
 
	In the Philippines, where over-exploitation of that country's coral reefs 
has become too common, we have seen similar community-based approaches.  
Marine Management Committees, established by local villagers, have 
established marine reserves -- including a fishery breeding sanctuary and a 
surrounding buffer area for ecologically sustainable fishing.  Also, fishing 
methods that use dynamite and very small mesh gill nets (biomass fishing) 
have been halted.  The result has been an increase in species diversity, a 
greater total fish yield and sustainable economic growth. 
 
	And, let me cite one more example -- the coral reefs off Thailand, in Phuket 
Bay.  Because of tourism and fishing, the coral reefs are vital to Thailand's 
economy. 
 
	Worldwide, coral reefs are widely recognized as one of the world's 
"essential life support systems."  But, as we all know, they are in grave 
danger.  Some sources estimate that 10 percent of all reefs have been 
degraded beyond recovery and that 20 to 30 percent may be lost -- primarily 
due to human activity -- by the year 2010. 
 
	After the Earth Summit in 1992, the United States along with Japan, 
Australia, Jamaica, France, the United Kingdom, the Philippines, and Sweden 
embraced a major initiative to protect coral reefs in partnership with 
nongovernmental organizations, development banks, the private sector, and 
other coral reef nations such as Thailand. 
 
	The International Coral Reef Initiative (ICRI) is not a treaty, a body of 
cumbersome regulations, or a bureaucracy.  It is a framework for interested 
parties, public and private, to work together to tackle a common, shared 
problem before it gets out of hand. 
 
	For Thailand, that has meant an extensive campaign for public education 
which as taught the people of Thailand to give the highest importance to 
investing in their own resources.  This in turn has meant the development of 
a series of small-scale projects which have brought concrete results. 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  9 17:45:11 1995 
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Message-Id: <n1396180745.69641@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Date: 9 Nov 1995 18:27:45 U 
From: "Mark Eakin" <eakin@ogp.noaa.gov> 
Subject: Bleaching Press Release 
To: "Recipients of coral-list" <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Cc: "Jim Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov>, 
        "Arthur Paterson" <apaterson@OASERVERA2.SSMC.NOAA.GOV>, 
        "Al Strong" <strong@charleston.nadn.navy.mil> 
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                      Subject:                              Time:  5:23 PM 
  OFFICE MEMO         Bleaching Press Release               Date:  11/9/95 
 
The following has just been released by NOAA Public Affairs: 
 
__________________________________________________________ 
 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE 
 
WASHINGTON D.C. 20230 
 
CONTACT:  	Matt Stout 
		(202) 482-6090 
 
NOAA 95-80 
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE  11/9/95 
 
NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION 
 
 
CORAL REEF BLEACHING FOUND IN BELIZE FOR THE FIRST TIME 
 
	Coral bleaching caused by environmental stresses is threatening the Western 
Hemisphere's longest and most pristine barrier reef in Belize, as well as 
other areas of the western Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico, according to 
scientists at the Commerce Department's National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration. 
 
	The same warm waters that spawned or strengthened hurricanes in the western 
Atlantic this year also are associated with this occurrence of coral 
bleaching. From August through October, NOAA satellites detected elevated sea 
surface temperatures spanning much of the Gulf of Mexico and the western 
Caribbean basin from Belize to Jamaica, Honduras and Venezuela. 
 
	Coral reef bleaching occurs when stress, such as high ocean temperatures, 
cold ocean temperatures, elevated ultraviolet light, sedimentation and toxic 
chemicals, causes zooxanthellae, a symbiotic algae living within the corals' 
tissues, to be expelled from coral, leaving it a ghostly white. Corals need 
this symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae for nutrition, health, and 
survival. Although most corals survive infrequent bleaching episodes, 
repeated or sustained bleaching events kill corals. 
 
	Coral bleaching triggered by warm temperatures became a frequent problem in 
the 1980's to early 1990's. In 1983, increased ocean temperatures related to 
the El Nino resulted in widespread bleaching, mortality and even extinction 
of corals in the eastern Pacific and bleaching at many sites in the western 
Atlantic/Caribbean. Subsequent El Nino events have been connected with 
bleaching in the Pacific and Atlantic, and may be related to the current 
bleaching episodes. However, reefs in Belize and many neighboring nations in 
the western Caribbean/ Gulf of Mexico region had been spared from this 
disturbance. 
 
	NOAA's preliminary climate predictions indicate that after the current 
(1995-1996) cold period ends, another El Nino, perhaps a strong one, may be 
on the horizon for 1996-1991. 
 
	In addition to remote sensing and climate predictions, NOAA has been a 
leader with other federal agencies and internationally in the development of 
the International Coral Reef Initiative. 
 
	The Initiative's priorities include support for the establishment of a 
global coral reef monitoring network, launched by the Intergovernmental 
Oceanographic Commission, to be able to definitively tie coral reef events 
such as bleaching to their environmental causes. 
 
	Reports of recent widespread bleaching of corals in the western Caribbean 
were published in the Nov. 10 issue of Science Magazine. 
 
### 
 
Editor's Note: A color image of the NOAA sea surface temperature 
map is available on the World Wide Web at http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/ 
 
__________________________________________________________ 
C. Mark Eakin, Ph.D. 
NOAA/Global Programs, 1100 Wayne Ave., Suite 1210 
Silver Spring, MD  USA  20910-5603 
Voice: 301-427-2089 ext. 19              Fax: 301-427-2073 
Internet: eakin@ogp.noaa.gov 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  9 18:32:40 1995 
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Date: Thu, 09 Nov 1995 10:16:57 -0500 
From: Harilaos Lessios <STRI01.NAOS.LESSIOSH@ic.si.edu> 
To: santhony@mail.utexas.edu, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject:  Diadema spawning -Reply 
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Right after new moon, as it is supposed to.  Look at Lessios, 
1984, Evolution, 38:1144-1148 and Lessios 1991, Jour. Exp. 
Mar. Biol. Ecol. 153:27-47 for review of this literature. 
 
Haris Lessios 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov  9 22:38:16 1995 
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Date: Fri, 10 Nov 1995 08:13:29 +0800 
From: Andre Uychiaoco <andreu@msi.upd.edu.ph> 
Message-Id: <199511100013.IAA10657@msi.upd.edu.ph> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: N Coral database & travel funds 
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Hi, we are going to start a coral database server (initially for the 
Philippines only) and want to make the data available to the world 
wide web community by search engine (e.g.    something similar to online bib- 
liographic software)...the data are summaries of benthic cover and 
reef fish abundance.  Could anyone give us hints on how to start 
making these available  ?  That is, what software we should be looking 
for.  Offhand, we think dBase for UNIX seems to be a likely starting 
place. 
Next topic, does anyone know of funding a sources available for travel 
grants for graduate students from developing countries to get to the 
coral reef symposium in Panama?  (That is, aside from funding availa- 
ble from the symposium organizers themselves.) 
Please send comments to andreu@u msi.upd.edu.ph 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Nov 13 07:50:18 1995 
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Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 07:27:58 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: crown-of-thorns (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951113072726.15264E-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message from Aaron Trager Gach: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sat, 11 Nov 1995 16:49:42 -0800 (PST) 
From: Aaron Trager Gach <spook@uclink2.berkeley.edu> 
To: coral@coral 
Subject: crown-of-thorns 
 
I am hoping that somebody on your end of things might be able to help me  
with a little research project.  I am investigating human-induced causes  
for the crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef.  I  
am particularly interested in predator removal, clear-cut logging/  
terrestrial runoff, blasting/dredging, and/or overfishing.  I'd  
appreciate any info or any leads you might have.  Thanks - Aaron Gach 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Nov 13 18:13:15 1995 
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Date: Mon, 13 Nov 1995 16:40:08 -0600 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: santhony@mail.utexas.edu (Shelley Anthony) 
Subject: Diadema clarification 
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Hello again.  Thanks to those of you who sent helpful comments on Diadema 
spawning.  However, due to the specific nature of many of the responses I 
received, I think my message was misunderstood.  Let me clarify.  Judy Lang 
and I are interested in the culturing of, and potential reintroduction of, 
Diadema antillarum for the purpose of reef restoration ecology.  At our 
study sites in the Bahamas (where the length of the spawning season has not 
been established) they are only moderately common, so we have been 
reluctant to test animals for reproductive maturity using the usual KCl 
injection method.  Trying to predict when or for how long the urchins will 
spawn here is not necessarily a simple matter of following the lunar cycle. 
Spawning seasonality has been found to vary greatly throughout the range 
of Diadema, possibly related to other factors such as changes in water 
temperature or salinity (especially in higher latitudes where these factors 
are not as constant year-round). 
 
So basically, all I was asking was, "I saw a Diadema spawn in late October 
in the Great Exuma/central Bahamian area.  Has anyone else seen any 
spawning naturally (or upon handling) recently--particularly in the 
northern part of the Caribbean?" 
 
I apologize for the miscommunication. 
 
Thanks, 
 
Shelley L. Anthony 
 
 
 
From hendee@manoa Fri Nov 14 10:56:10 1995 
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Date: Tue, 14 Nov 1995 10:30:23 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: crown-of-thorns (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951114102935.931B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 14 Nov 1995 21:14:52 +1000 
From: L_DEVANTIER@AIMS.GOV.AU 
To: coral@coral 
Subject: Re: crown-of-thorns (fwd) 
 
Dear Aaron, 
there is a lot of information on the topics you are interested in, from 
published papers to videos - most is available through the Great Barrier 
Reef Marine Park Authority, headquarters: PO Box 1379, Townsville, QLD, 
4810, Australia. Dr. Brian Lassig or Udo Engelhart are the people to 
contact. Best of luck with it, regards, Lyndon DeVantier. 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 15 10:31:11 1995 
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Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 09:58:22 -0500 (EST) 
From: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@aoml.noaa.gov> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Summer Courses (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951115095725.3110A-100000@wave> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 15 Nov 1995 09:16:49 -0800 (PST) 
From: Mike Marshall <marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: Summer Courses 
 
 
Mote Marine Laboratory is pleased to announce that it plans to offer  
two summer courses at our facility in the Florida Keys.  The two  
courses are: 1)Florida Bay/Florida Keys Ecosystems and 2) Coral Reef  
Ecology.  The Florida Keys ecosystems course will be taught in May  
and the Coral Reef Course will be offered in August.  We anticipate  
that it will be possible, as an option, to take these courses for  
credit through Florida State University. 
 
If you would like to receive more information about our summer  
courses please e-mail me directly at:  
<marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us>.  Please do not respond to the list. 
 
Thank you. 
 
Mike Marshall 
Course Coordinator. 
 
 
============================== 
 
     Michael J. Marshall 
     list owner - MARBIO 
 
For Marbio subscribers only: 
*********************************************************************** 
To unsubscribe send a message to: <majordomo@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us> 
 containing the one line:  
unsubscribe marbio 
To receive the digest send a message to the majordomo with the one line: 
subscribe marbio-digest 
 
"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 
  Mote Marine Laboratory              marshall@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us              
  Tropical Marine Ecology Program     941-388-4441/941-388-4312(fax) 
  1600 Thompson Parkway                
  Sarasota, Florida 34236 USA          
""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""    
See our web page at http://www.marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^                            
Mote Marine Lab is an independent, not-for-profit research organization     
       
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov 16 15:18:02 1995 
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Date:         Thu, 16 Nov 1995 15:03:00 EST 
Reply-To: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, 
              news" <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU> 
Sender: "Ecological Society of America: grants, jobs, 
              news" <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU> 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject:      Coral Health and Monitoring Program 
To: Multiple recipients of list ECOLOG-L <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU> 
Status: RO 
X-Status:  
 
 
Greetings! 
 
    The purpose of this message is to announce the existence of the 
Coral Health and Monitoring Program list-server. 
 
    The purpose of the Coral Health and Monitoring list-server is to 
provide a forum for Internet discussions and announcements among coral 
health researchers pertaining to coral reef health and monitoring 
throughout the world.  The list is primarily for use by coral health 
researchers and scientists.  Currently, about 375 researchers are 
subscribed to the list.  Appropriate subjects for discussion might 
include: 
 
    o  bleaching events 
    o  outbreaks of coral diseases 
    o  high predation on coral reefs 
    o  environmental monitoring sites 
    o  incidences of coral spawnings 
    o  shipwrecks on reefs 
    o  international meetings and symposia 
    o  funding opportunities 
    o  job openings in coral research 
    o  marine sanctuary news 
    o  new coral-related publications 
    o  announcements of college courses in coral reef ecology 
    o  coral health initiatives 
    o  new and historical data availability 
    o  controversial topics in coral reef ecology 
    o  recent reports on coral research 
 
 
-- To Subscribe to the List -- 
 
    If you wish to subscribe to the list, send e-mail to 
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in the 
body of the text: 
 
    subscribe coral-list 
 
 
-- To Un-Subscribe from the List -- 
 
    To un-subscribe from the list, send e-mail to 
majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with the following message (only!) in the 
body of the text: 
 
    unsubscribe coral-list "Your Name" <your_address@your.domain> 
 
 
-- To Post a Comment or Announcement -- 
 
    To post a message to the list, simply address your comments or 
announcements to coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov.  The message will be 
circulated to all members of the list.  The members may respond to you 
directly, or post their comments to the list for all to read. 
 
 
-- Help -- 
 
    To see a list of the functions and services available from the 
list-server, send an e-mail message to majordomo@reef.aoml.noaa.gov, with 
the following message (only!) in the body of the text: 
 
    help 
 
 
-- Other Coral Health Related Information -- 
 
    The Coral Health and Monitoring Program has a World-Wide Web Home 
Page at the following URL: 
 
    http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
 
-- Problems -- 
 
    If you have any problems concerning the list, please feel free to 
drop a line to:  hendee@aoml.noaa.gov. 
 
 
    We hope you enjoy the list! 
 
 
    Sincerely yours, 
 
    Jim Hendee 
    Louis Florit 
    Philippe Dubosq 
 
        Ocean Chemistry Division 
        Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory 
        National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 
        4301 Rickenbacker Causeway 
        Miami, FL  33149-1026 
        USA 
 
P.S.  The Coral Health and Monitoring Program is a NOAA service, but 
because of the current budget crisis in Washington, it could be suspended 
at any moment. 
 
------------ End Forwarded Message ------------- 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Nov 16 16:16:09 1995 
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Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 15:58:36 -0500 
From: CoralReefA@aol.com 
Message-ID: <951116155834_108270286@mail06.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral slide show 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Status: RO 
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To the coral-list, 
 
Do you have slides of coral reefs that could be used in an national 
educational slide show?  If so, please read on . . . 
 
I am writing to you from CORAL- The Coral Reef Alliance, a non-profit 
organization dedicated to coral reef conservation around the world.  We are 
currently in the process of putting together an educational slide show and 
video on coral reefs that will be displayed at clubs, schools and other 
gatherings as a way to expand the public's understanding and appreciation of 
coral reefs.  The slide show will be packaged in a presentation kit, complete 
with background materials, so that divers, teachers and other interested 
individuals will be able to make a presentation without any previous training 
in marine biology or special knowledge of coral reefs. 
 
We need slides of: 
healthy coral reefs, damaged reefs, bleached reefs, images of damage being 
done to reefs (mining, dynamite fishing etc.), aerial photographs of reef 
areas (especially where you can see processes such as siltation occurring) 
and other reef-related images.  As the theme of the show is "The Underwater 
Rainbow," images of rainbows (especially over tropical waters) would be 
especially welcome. 
 
This is a great opportunity to have your slides shown nationally to a wide 
audience 
 
Each photographer will receive a photo credit in the show and a certificate 
acknowledging his/her contribution.  
 
Please send your slides ASAP.  The final deadline for slide submissions is 
December 22, 1995.  We can use originals or high quality duplicates.  If you 
would like your slides returned, include a self-addressed stamped envelope. 
 If you have any questions, please don't hesitate to call me at (510) 
528-2492, or send email to CoralReefA@aol.com. 
 
Thank you for your assistance with this important project. I hope to hear 
from you soon.   
 
Stephen Colwell 
CORAL Executive Director 
CoralReefA@aol.com 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Nov 17 07:44:54 1995 
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Date: Fri, 17 Nov 1995 07:31:03 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Lectureships - University of Melbourne (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951117072913.11591A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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This position posting may be of interest to coral researchers: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 1995 13:53:00 EST 
From: Mick Keough <Mick_Keough.Zoology@muwaye.unimelb.edu.au> 
To: Multiple recipients of list ECOLOG-L <ECOLOG-L@UMDD.UMD.EDU> 
Subject: Lectureships - University of Melbourne 
 
LECTURESHIPS IN ZOOLOGY 
 
 
The Department of Zoology, University of Melbourne, Australia, invites 
applicants with an appropriate doctoral degree to fill two continuing 
(i.e., tenurable) lectureships.  The Department of Zoology has 19 Academic 
and 14 support staff.  Research interests range from the structure and 
function of single cells through to the ecology, reproduction development 
and evolution of animals.  The department has particular strength and 
expertise in reproduction and development, evolutionary biology, 
behavioural and marine ecology, bioacoustics, invertebrate neuroethology 
and the physiology of the cardiovascular, respiratory and nervous systems 
of vertebrates.  The university is in a large city in southeastern 
Australia, and  departmental facilities include:  an electron microscope 
and histology unit, a marsupial breeding colony, molecular biology 
facilities, closed-system marine aquarium, a research boat, field stations 
on Phillip Island and at Queenscliff, several field vehicles, and 
extensive computing and multi-media facilities. The Department has a 
vigorous research programme and seeks applicants with an outstanding 
research profile.  Experience in any aspect of molecular biology is 
desirable.  The successful applicants will be responsible to the Head of 
Department, Professor Marilyn Renfree, and will participate in teaching 
first, second and third year Zoology courses;  develop active research 
programmes to attract postgraduate students, and external research 
funding. 
 
Lecturer in Zoology (Reference No. Y9400551) The successful applicant will 
have experience in the study of the biology of Australian Native Fauna. 
This position is available from 1.7.1996 
 
 
Lecturer in Zoology (Reference No. Y6540080) The successful applicant will 
have experience in the field(s) of animal behaviour, evolutionary biology 
or marine biology.  This position is available from 1.1.1996. 
 
 
Salary within the range $42,198-$50,111 p.a. (Lecturer). 
 
Further information can be obtained from:  Professor Marilyn Renfree, 
Department of Zoology.  Phone:  +61 3 9344 6259   Fax:  +61 3 9344 7909 
 
General information about the department and the university can be found 
on the Zoology Department's home page at : 
http://hermes.ucs.unimelb.edu.au/~U6545365/ 
or the University's home page at: 
http://www.unimelb.edu.au/ 
 
Closing date:  12 December, 1995. 
 
Applications (including the names and facsimile numbers of 3 referees) 
should quote the appropriate reference number and be sent to the Director, 
Personnel Services, the University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Victoria, 
Australia (fax +61 3 9344 4694).  Please address the selection criteria 
for both positions if you wish to be considered for both. 
 
The University of Melbourne is an equal opportunty employer and has a 
smoke-free workplace policy. 
 
============================================================ 
 
SELECTION CRITERIA 
 
LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY (Ref Y9400551) 
 
The following criteria will be used in selecting for the position of 
Lecturer in Zoology (Native Vertebrate Fauna). 
 
Essential 
1.    A PhD or equivalent qualification in Zoology or related field, and 
a high level of research productivity in some aspect of the biology of 
Australian native vertebrate fauna. 
2.    Evidence of ability to establish a research programme and to make 
vigorous efforts to attract outside funding. 
3.    Tertiary-level teaching experience and/or evidence of excellent 
teaching skills. 
4.    Preparedness to contribute to the teaching of Biology and Zoology; 
 including course design, administration and co-ordination, lecturing and 
practical teaching, assessment and advising students. 
5.    Ability to operate as a team teacher. 
6.    Preparedness to supervise the programmes of Honours and 
postgraduate students. 
7.    A commitment to contribute to the administrative and community 
interaction functions of the Department. 
Desirable 
8.    Research interests that complement those of one or more of the 
research groups in the department. 
9.    Experience in field work and/or expertise in molecular biology. 
10.    Experience in supervision of research students. 
11.    Experience in applying for and operating research grants. 
 
 
LECTURER IN ZOOLOGY (Ref Y6540080) 
 
The following criteria will be used in selecting for the position of 
Lecturer in Zoology (Animal Behaviour, Evolutionary Biology or Marine 
Biology). 
 
Essential 
1.    A PhD or equivalent qualification in Zoology or related field, and 
a high level of research productivity in the area of animal behaviour, 
evolutionary biology or marine biology. 
2.    Evidence of ability to establish a research programme and to make 
vigorous efforts to attract outside funding. 
3.    Tertiary-level teaching experience and/or evidence of excellent 
teaching skills. 
4.    Preparedness to contribute to the teaching of Biology and Zoology; 
 including course design, administration and co-ordination, lecturing and 
practical teaching, assessment and advising students. 
5.    Ability to operate as a team teacher. 
6.    Preparedness to supervise the programmes of Honours and 
postgraduate students. 
7.    A commitment to contribute to the administrative and community 
interaction functions of the Department. 
Desirable 
8.    Research interests that complement those of one or more of the 
research groups in the department.  Some preference may be given to a 
vertebrate biologist. 
9.    Experience in field work and/or expertise in molecular biology. 
10.    Experience in supervision of research students. 
11.    Experience in applying for and operating research grants. 
 
 
 
------------ End Forwarded Message ------------- 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Nov 17 08:58:42 1995 
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Date: Fri, 17 Nov 1995 08:43:56 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Upcoming ICRI Regional Workshops 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951117083927.11708A-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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The following information (plus more) is from Progress Report #4 of  
the International Coral Reef Initiative, and may be found at URL: 
 
	http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov/icri/icri.html 
 
============ 
 
Upcoming Regional Workshops 
 
        The International Coral Reef Initiative is organizing 
workshops in all relevant regions. The schedule is outlined below: 
 
South Asian Seas - 11/29 - 12/3, Maldives. Contact: Ian  
Dight (UNEP-Nairobi), Phone: 254-2 622022, Fax: 254-2-622788.  
 
Pacific - 11/27 - 12/1, Fiji. Contact: Andrew Smith  
(SPREP-Western Samoa) - Phone: 685-91 929, Fax: 685-20231, E-mail: 
sprep@pactok.peg.apc.org.  
 
Red Sea and Gulf - January 1996, Egypt. Contact: John 
Wilson, (USAID-US) 1-703-875-4062, Fax: 1703-875-4639, E-mail: 
JWilson@USAID.gov.  
 
Western Indian Ocean/Eastern Africa - Seychelles.  
Contact: Ian Dight, Phone: 254-2-622022, Fax: 254-2622788/Jean-Pierre 
Le Danff (France), Phone: 33-1-4219- 17-40, Fax: 33- 1 -42- 19- 17 
72.  
 
East Asian Seas - February 1996, location to be 
announced. Contact: Reza Amini (UNEP EAS/RCU-Bangkok), Phone: 
66-2-200-1234, Fax: 66-2-267-8008 or Ian Dight.  
 
 
From hendee@wave Tue Nov 18 11:58:01 1995 
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Date: Sat, 18 Nov 1995 09:46:46 -0500 (EST) 
From: David Niebuhr <niebuhr@vims.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Turbidity data base? 
Message-Id: <Pine.SUN.3.91.951118093839.29454A-100000@VS.vims.edu> 
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Dear Colleagues: 
 
The most recent edition of "Coral Reefs" (v.14, no.3, 1995) included a  
paper by Larcombe, et al. (Factors controlling suspended sediment on  
inner-shelf coral reefs, Townsville, Australia; pp.163-171) which focused  
on the analysis of a four month measurement of SSC. 
 
Is anyone aware of other long-term turbidity data sets for regions associated  
with coral reefs? 
 
 
David Niebuhr 
 
niebuhr@vims.edu                                   804-642-7144 
                                                   804-642-7120 fax 
 
School of Marine Science/ 
Virginia Institute of Marine Science 
P.O. Box 1346  
Gloucester Point, VA 23062  USA 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov 21 09:06:37 1995 
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Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 09:03:01 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: nitrates on corals 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Sun, 19 Nov 95 12:09:11 EST 
From: Tom Guilderson <tguild@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
 
For those on the list in the U.S. - 
 
Did anyone happen to catch the program this past week either on the 
"Discovery Channel" or "The Learning Channel" or perhaps even "NOVA" which 
dealt with the effects of increased nitrate concentration on coral health?  
I did not catch the program but learned of it from a friend. It was a 
progress report of a long term study where they are elevating the nitrate 
concentration on several small "micro-atolls" daily (they also have 
controls where they aren't doing anything).  The end result is that the 
increase in nitrate isn't resulting in enhanced blue-green algae activity, 
but a significant decrease in coral growth.  They plan on increasing the 
nitrate "spike" by a factor of 10 next season. 
 
If any knows of this project, I'd be interested in catching up on it, as 
well as perhaps tracking down a VHS copy of the show. 
 
Thanks in advance, 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
This message is from: 
 
Tom Guilderson 
tguild@lamont.ldeo.columbia.edu 
 
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 
Palisades, NY  10964 USA 
 
phone: (914)365-8411 
fax:   (914)365-8154 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov 21 22:44:41 1995 
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Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 21:39:57 -0600 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: jlang@uts.cc.utexas.edu (Judith C. Lang) 
Subject: Yet another bleaching note 
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For those who haven't yet already heard: 
Mass bleaching (once again) has occurred around Lee Stocking Island, Exuma 
Cays on the eastern margin of Great Bahama Bank, in the central 
Bahamas---in response, we suspect, to a brief warming period during the 
second half of September.  Affected corals have been seen to depths of 
about 40m, but not at "submersible depths" (60 to 90 m) on the deep fore 
reef. 
 
As in previous events (1987, 1990, 1993), reef corals on a shallow (4 - 6 
m), leeward patch reef (Rainbow Gardens) were affected more severely than 
conspecifics at a nearby, shallow (3m), exposed fore reef (Normans fringing 
reef--S end).  Ambient flow is strong after high tides at Rainbow Gardens, 
while the reverse is true at Normans.  We have previously suggested (Lang, 
Lauderdale, Crawford, Dennis, Wicklund and Hayes, unpubl. Abstract) that 
the Rainbow Gardens reef is more susceptible to bleaching because it's 
relatively more exposed to the warm, saline underflows that move off the 
Bank at low tides during the summer and early autumn.  There's a 
thermograph on each reef, and the data have been downloaded but aren't yet 
analyzed, 
 
Judy Lang, with thanks to Ouida Meier, George Dennis, Shelley Anthony and 
Heinz Proft. 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov 21 09:06:52 1995 
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Date: Mon, 20 Nov 1995 17:38:20 -0500 
From: "Knowlton Lab." <STRI01.NAOS.NKLAB@ic.si.edu> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject:  new subscription 
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Greetings, 
   I am interested in a NEW SUBSCRIPTION to this list server. I am 
currently working on Montastraea corals at the STRI Naos Marine 
Laboratory under Dr. Nancy Knowlton (full address below) and would 
like to become more familiar with coral reef research.  Thanks for 
any information you may send this way. 
   Sincerely yours, 
Jose V. Lopez, Ph.D. 
STRI, Unit 0948 
APO AA 34002-0948 
Fax: 011-507-228-0516 
PH: 011-507-228-4022 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:39:38 1995 
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Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 07:34:37 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122073338.13347B-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 21 Nov 95 11:32:35 EST 
From: Anthony J. Hooten <76260.2413@compuserve.com> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: nitrates on corals 
 
Tom: 
 
My name is Andy Hooten.  I work as an independent consultant in the 
Washington D.C. area.  Coral reefs were my academic background, and 
even though there are not very many here in Washington, I have 
recently been doing work at the World Bank re: some conservation work 
with reefs.  I have not seen the film, but am aware of the research.  
You can get more information about the work by contacting Graeme 
Kelleher, former director of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park 
Authority.  He will probably forward contact information to you of 
the researchers conducting the study.  An address to forward a 
request to him is: 
		 
		c/o The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority  
		Braddon  ACT 2601  
		Australia  FAX: 41-22-999-0025  
 
You can also possibly get a message to him through a colleague of 
his, Chris Bleakley at the GBRMPA at C.Bleakley@gbrmpa.gov.au.  
 
You should also be aware of other recent research by Peter Spencer 
Davies who seems to have found that NITRITE does cause rapid growth 
responses with zooxanthellae, and can certainly be transported in 
groundwater upwellings throughout the Caribbean (see D'Elia et al. 
1981. Bull. Mar. Sci. 31 (4): 903-910.) He and Francesca Marubini 
conducted research in Barbados and recently reported the findings in 
an abstract at the Society for Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 
in Vancouver, B.C.  Week before last.  Apparently, zooxanthellae 
production went up, and coral growth rates went down.  
 
AJH;  
Phone/fax: 301-942-8839 / 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:41:31 1995 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122073528.13347D-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 17:43:49 +0100 (MEZ) 
From: Dr. Goetz Reinicke <bbi340@aixrs1.hrz.uni-essen.de> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
 
Dear collegue,  
 
Your request sounds like the ENCORE experiments on One Tree Island. Ask  
Dr. E.A. Drew at AIMS, Townsville Australia. 
 
Best regards		 
 
Goetz Reinicke 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:44:10 1995 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 16:10:26 +0000 (GMT) 
From: Nicholas Polunin <N.Polunin@newcastle.ac.uk> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
 
I believe this is the ENCORE project of Tony Larkum at Sydney University,  
Australia. 
 
Nick 
 
Nicholas Polunin (Dr) 
Department of Marine Sciences 
University of Newcastle 
NE1 7RU 
UK 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:44:40 1995 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122073451.13347C-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 21 Nov 1995 11:51:12 -0500 (EST) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
 
This is the ENCORE experiment at One Tree Island operated by the 
University of Sydney.  Contact Tony Larkum or Ove Hoegh-Guldberg.  
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:49:08 1995 
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From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122074202.13347F-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: 21 Nov 1995 14:34:58 -0600 
From: Paul Sammarco <psammarco@smtpgw.lumcon.edu> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Pr <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
 
        Reply to:   RE>nitrates on corals 
 
Dear Tom, This work is being conducted by Tony Larkum at the 
University of Sydney.  The research is being done on One Tree Island 
in the southern region of the Great Barrier Reef.  Tony is in the 
Department of Botany.  Pat Hutchings from the Australian Museum, 
Curator of Worms, Sydney is a collaborator on the project.  
 
 There are others as well.  I am not aware of any TV specials on the 
topic, but such wouldn't surprise me.  Australia loves making 
specials on scientific research.  Hope this helps. Best wishes, Paul 
W. Sammarco 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:52:03 1995 
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Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 07:44:17 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122074304.13347H-100000@coral> 
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---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 08:57:10 +1000 
From: Tony Larkum <alark@extro.ucc.su.OZ.AU> 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
 
This sounds as if it may have been a rehash of some material about 
our ENCORE programm at One Tree Island (GBR).  Are you familiar with 
the ENCORE program?  If not Andy Steven 
<Andy_Steven@quickmail.macnet2.gbrmpa.gov.au> can send you 
information.  
 
Prof Tony Larkum 
University of Sydney 
NSW 2006 
alark@extro.ucc.su.oz.au 
Ph  (02) 351 2069 
Fax (02) 351 4771 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 09:40:04 1995 
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          Wed, 22 Nov 1995 14:58:39 +0000 
Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 14:58:38 +0100 (TZ=CET) 
From: Gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: nitrates on corals 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951121090149.21383C-100000@coral> 
Message-ID: <Pine.A32.3.91.951122145116.69430A-100000@buff_f.rz.uni-frankfurt.de> 
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Hy tom, 
this is marcos Gektidis from Frankfurt , Germany.=20 
The report probably dealt with the ENCORE - project on One Tree Island,=20 
Australia. I' m currently involved in that project. Several Microatolls=20 
on One Tree Reef are "poisoned" with an elevated nutrient level. There=20 
are N-, P-, and N plus P- injektions. The ENCORE-programm runs already=20 
since 1994 but the elevated nutrient - doses proved too small. This will=20 
be changed next year. For more information, please contact me: 
marcos gektidis 
geologisch-pal=E4ontologisches institut 
senckenberg - anlage 32 
60054 frankfurt am main 
germany 
e-mail: gektidis@em.uni-frankfurt.de 
fax: 0049 69 79822958 
 
On Tue, 21 Nov 1995, Coral Health and Monitoring Program wrote: 
 
> ---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
> Date: Sun, 19 Nov 95 12:09:11 EST 
> From: Tom Guilderson <tguild@lamont.ldgo.columbia.edu> 
> To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral> 
>=20 
> For those on the list in the U.S. - 
>=20 
> Did anyone happen to catch the program this past week either on the 
> "Discovery Channel" or "The Learning Channel" or perhaps even "NOVA" whic= 
h 
> dealt with the effects of increased nitrate concentration on coral health= 
?=20 
> I did not catch the program but learned of it from a friend. It was a 
> progress report of a long term study where they are elevating the nitrate 
> concentration on several small "micro-atolls" daily (they also have 
> controls where they aren't doing anything).  The end result is that the 
> increase in nitrate isn't resulting in enhanced blue-green algae activity= 
, 
> but a significant decrease in coral growth.  They plan on increasing the 
> nitrate "spike" by a factor of 10 next season. 
>=20 
> If any knows of this project, I'd be interested in catching up on it, as 
> well as perhaps tracking down a VHS copy of the show. 
>=20 
> Thanks in advance, 
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
> This message is from: 
>=20 
> Tom Guilderson 
> tguild@lamont.ldeo.columbia.edu 
>=20 
> Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory 
> Palisades, NY  10964 USA 
>=20 
> phone: (914)365-8411 
> fax:   (914)365-8154 
> ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
>=20 
>=20 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 17:43:00 1995 
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Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 21:41:55 +0000 (GMT) 
From: Herman Cesar 85759 <HCESAR@worldbank.org> 
Subject: fish yields from coral reefs 
In-reply-to:  
 <Pine.A32.3.91.951122145116.69430A-100000@buff_f.rz.uni-frankfurt.de> 
To: SOFIA BETTENCOURT <SBETTENCOURT@worldbank.org> 
Cc: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV>, 
        coral-list <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
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Dear coral-list, 
 
My name is Herman Cesar. I work on the economic analysis on the coral reef  
management project (COREMAP) that the World Bank is assisting with in Indonesia. 
 
I am looking at different threats of reefs in Indonesia (blast fishing; cyanide  
fishing, coral mining, sedimentation, overfishing) from an economic point of  
view. I would like to get data on these issues to get an idea of the costs of  
destructive practives to society and of the possible benefits of sustainable  
management of coral reefs in Indonesia.  
 
I have gathered quite some data on prices of fish/invertebrates, etc. and on the  
live fish trade. However I lack knowledge and data on fishery productivity on  
reefs. I am an economist and I am mostly interested in very rough figures for  
broad averages for fisheries in Indonesia/Philippines. The questions that I have  
are: 
 
1)	If I have a sustainable yield of a coral reef (slope), what is the  
composition (in kg.) of a maximum sustainable harvest of reef-related fish  
(including small pelagics caught on the reef slope) for areas like Indonesia?  
The categories are: 
 
-finfish for local consumption/local market (rabbitfish, parrots, surgeons,etc.)    
-finfish for large restaurants, (live-fish) export (groupers, Nap. wrasse, etc.) 
-aquarium fish (how many pieces?) 
 
2)	If I have a sustainable yield of a coral flat (corals, seagrass, sand),  
what is the composition (in kg.) of a maximum sustainable harvest of  
reef-related fishery for areas like Indonesia? The categories are: 
 
x finfish 
-finfish for local consumption/local market (rabbitfish, parrots, surgeons,etc.)  
-finfish for large restaurants, (live-fish) export (groupers, Nap. wrasse, etc.)  
-aquarium fish 
x invertebrates 
-sea-cucmuber 
-trochus 
-giant clams 
-lobster 
-others 
x algae 
-seaweed 
x others 
 
3) I take for finfish on reef slopes an average maximum sustainable yield of  
10-20 mt/km2/year for reefs with high coral cover and little stress. This  seems  
to be in line with the literature (Russ, Alcala, McManus, Yap, Gomez, etc.) from  
reefs in the Indo-Pacific (much higher than in the Caribbean). Given this  
number, what would be the MSY for reef-flats with a  mix of coral/ seagrass/  
sand? 
 
4) What is the time-frame of recovery of the fishery for areas severely damaged  
by blasting or by cyanide fishing? 
 
If you have any rough data on this for Indonesia/Philippines/etc., I would  
appreciate these very much, 
 
Herman Cesar 
 
-------------------------------- 
Herman Cesar 
World Bank (EA3AG) 
tel:    x-(202)-4585759 
fax:    x-(202)-5221674 
e-mail: hcesar@worldbank.org 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Nov 27 07:43:27 1995 
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Date: Mon, 27 Nov 1995 07:30:06 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Bonaire Bleaching (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951127072352.24384B-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message from Al Strong: 
 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 09:03:31 -0500 (EST) 
From: John Ware <jware1@explorer.csc.com> 
To: strong@nadn.navy.mil 
Subject: Bonaire Bleaching 
 
Dear Al, You may add Bonaire to your list of Caribbean sites which are 
currently undergoing extensive coral bleaching.  My observations took 
place during my vacation from 24 to 31 October.  Local divers stated that 
the bleaching began approximately 3 weeks earlier and water temperatures 
were reported to be approximately 91 oF (33 oC).  During the period I was 
there temperatures were 84 1/2 to 85 1/2 oF (about 29 oC) with a 80 oF 
(about 27 oC) thermocline at 125 feet (38 m).  Unfortunately, I was not 
equipped to take quantitative data, the following is from my notes and 
photographic records.  In the depth range 40 ft to 10 ft Montastrea 
annularis (all forms) were bleached extensively, virtually every colony 
was completely bleached.  Some Porites porites were also bleached.  
Agarcia sp (lamarcki?) were bleached to at least 130 feet.  Siderastrea 
sidera were bleached from 20 ft to at least 100 ft.  Large colonies of 
Madracis mirabilis were unbleached and looked like islands of color in a 
sea of white.  I saw no Acropora sp bleached nor were any Milleporids 
bleached.  There was occasional, perhaps 25%, bleaching of Diploria sp. 
and Colpophyllia natans.  Some soft corals also appeared to be bleached.  
Some of the corals appeared to be recovering color but others were 
beginning to be overgrown by algae.  In addition, a small fraction, 
perhaps 1 - 2 percent, of M.annularis had developed black band disease as 
did a few colonies of C.natans.  I will return to Bonaire in January and 
should be able to compare wide angle photos before and after.  
                               John Ware 
                        Computer Sciences Corp.  
                           1301 Piccard Dr.  
                           Rockville, MD USA 
                             301 670-2268 
                            jware1@csc.com 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Nov 28 13:53:04 1995 
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Date: Tue, 28 Nov 1995 13:33:01 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Funding Opportunities 
In-Reply-To: <199511212001.UAA22686@coral> 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951128132823.16188C-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded message regarding funding opportunity: 
 
================================================ 
 
From: Dr. Andy Hudson, Executive Director, CFR @ Earthwatch 
(ahudson@earthwatch.org) 
 
I wanted to take this opportunity to provide you and other staff at 
the Coral Health and Monitoring Program with information about field 
research grants available through the Center for Field Research at 
Earthwatch.  Please feel free to review and/or link to our home page 
with proposal guidelines and application materials at:  
 
http://gaia.earthwatch.org/WWW/cfr.html 
 
and Coral Reef Requests for Proposals at: 
 
http://gaia.earthwatch.org/WWW/CFRcoral.html 
 
Please feel free to share this information with staff at the 
Coral Health Program.  Don't hesitate to phone or e-mail me if you 
or your colleagues have any questions about Earthwatch grants 
or the application process. 
 
I look forward to hearing from you. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr. Andy Hudson 
Executive Director 
The Center for Field Research 
at EARTHWATCH 
 
------------------------------------------------------------ 
Server protocol: HTTP/1.0 
Remote host: 192.233.146.253 
Remote IP address: 192.233.146.253 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 29 18:22:32 1995 
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Date: Wed, 29 Nov 1995 22:45:27 +0000 (GMT) 
From: Herman Cesar 85759 <HCESAR@worldbank.org> 
Subject: questions reef fish and invertebrates 
In-reply-to: <Pine.OSF.3.90.951129160352.15684A-100000@thunder> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Message-id: <"B481ZWBBPWGNF*/R=WBWASH/R=A1/U=HERMAN CESAR/"@MHS> 
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All coral list subscribers, 
 
Thanks very much for the many reactions. I have some more questions: 
 
First, I am trying to contact Mark Erdmann who has done some very interesting  
work on coral reef ecology. Does anyone know his e-mail or other address? 
 
Secondly, I am looking at some issues related to the poison fish trade. My  
questions are (please allow my ignorance as an economist): 
 
If fishermen go to a prestine untouched and unfished area, what would be the  
average biomass of groupers (especially Epinephelus spp., Plectropomus spp. and   
Cephalopholis spp.) and of Napoleon wrasses (Cheilinus Undulatus) per square  
kilometer of reef?  
 
What would be the average sustainable yield of these groupers and N.wrasses? 
 
When do they obtain sexual maturity? (At which bodyweight is that? Are groupers  
of 800 grams sexually mature?    
 
Thirdly, I am trying to guess the total area of coral reefs in Indonesia (e.g.  
at 20 phantom (37 m; 110 ft.). For the Philippines are have data ranging from 25  
to 33 thousand km2. I have an estimate for the whole of East Asia of around  
180,000 km2. Would 100,000 km2 for Indonesia be a good guess? 
 
Fourthy, does anyone know something of sustainable yield of invertebrates? I  
would like to know sustainable yield per km2 of sea-cucumbers, trochus, giant  
clams, lobsters, etc. 
 
By the way, if people are interested in receiving a copy of the report on the  
economics of coral reef destruction in Indonesia when it is ready and has become  
official (early next year hopefully; working paper), please let me know. 
 
Thanks in advance, 
 
Herman Cesar  
 
From hendee@wave Sat Nov 22 07:38:40 1995 
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Date: Wed, 22 Nov 1995 07:38:45 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: "James C. Hendee" <hendee@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
Subject: Available Field Research Grants 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951122073644.13347E-100000@coral> 
MIME-Version: 1.0 
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ahudson@earthwatch.org (Dr. Andrew Hudson) sent the following 
comment: 
 
------------------------------------------------------------ 
To:   Jim Hendee, Philippe Dubosq 
From: Andy Hudson, Executive Director, CFR @ Earthwatch 
 
I wanted to take this opportunity to provide you and other staff at 
the Coral Health and Monitoring Program with information about field 
research grants available through the Center for Field Research at 
Earthwatch.  Please feel free to review and/or link to our home page 
with proposal guidelines and application materials at:  
 
http://gaia.earthwatch.org/WWW/cfr.html 
 
and Coral Reef Requests for Proposals at: 
 
http://gaia.earthwatch.org/WWW/CFRcoral.html 
 
Please feel free to share this information with staff at the Coral 
Health Program.  Don't hesitate to phone or e-mail me if you or your 
colleagues have any questions about Earthwatch grants or the 
application process.  
 
I look forward to hearing from you. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
Dr. Andy Hudson 
Executive Director 
The Center for Field Research 
at EARTHWATCH 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Dec  5 07:01:17 1995 
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Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 06:49:17 -0500 
From: PHrank2139@aol.com 
Message-ID: <951205064916_125365004@emout05.mail.aol.com> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: CAUZ network 
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FORWARDED MESSAGE 
 
	The Consortium of Aquariums, Universities and Zoos  
               [C.A.U.Z. for Worldwide Conservation] 
 
     This international network was formed ten years ago in response to the  
perceived need to facilitate communication between university scientists  
and educators and their counterparts in zoos and aquariums.  While many  
people at these institutions have shared interests and may even be studying 
the same species, the sharing of data and collaboration on projects between  
university scientists and zoo/aquarium professionals has been relatively  
rare, especially when their institutions are in different countries. 
 
Those who become part of the C.A.U.Z. Network share information on their  
interests in specific taxonomic groups (e.g., Order Sphenisciformes), their  
general interests (e.g., penguin ecology), and their current projects (e.g., 
field studies of the Humboldt penguin).  Information from the C.A.U.Z. 
database 
is published in annual directories and also appears on its site on the  
World-Wide Web: 
          http://www.fhcrc.org/~ialwww/CAUZ/CAUZ.html 
 
This database is a searchable online.  A keyword search for "penguin" can 
find  
Ed Diebold, the Director of Animal Collections at the Riverbanks Zoological 
Park in Columbia, South Carolina, who studies Humboldt penguins in Chile.   
Ed is also involved in trumpeter swan recovery and piping plover egg rescue 
and is part of organized zoo efforts in the captive propagation of  
raptors.  Keyword searches also reveal addresses, phone and fax numbers and  
email addresses (if available).  [Email addresses in the C.A.U.Z.  
database are "hot" so that one can contact a person by email with a "mouse  
click" without leaving our Web Site.] 
 
Collaborations made possible by the C.A.U.Z. Network can contribute  
greatly to international conservation initiatives.  Those involved in  
wildlife research and conservation, restoration ecology, captive  
propagation of endangered species, wildlife rehabilitation and  
reintroduction, and veterinary medicine (esp. with exotic species) who  
wish to become part of the C.A.U.Z. Network can contact its Coordinator: 
  
Donna FitzRoy Hardy, Ph.D.  
Professor of Psychology 
California State Univ., Northridge 
Northridge, California 91330 USA 
Phone:(818) 885-4970 (or 885-2827 for messages) 
Fax: (818) 885-2829 
Email: dhardy@huey.csun.edu       
C.A.U.Z. Web Site: http://www.fhcrc.org/~ialwww/CAUZ/CAUZ.html 
 
 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Dec  5 11:33:50 1995 
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Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 11:16:56 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: NURC Lab on ABC 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951205111550.22892A-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded from Marine Biology List-Server: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 05 Dec 1995 10:26:50 +0005 
From: Andy Shepard <SHEPARD@NURC.CMSR.UNCWIL.EDU> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
Subject: marbio: ABCs 20/20 
 
On Friday December 15, ABCs 20/20 will feature an interview between  
Hugh Downs and Dr. Sylvia Earle from inside the Aquarius undersea  
laboratory, sitting at 20 meters depth off Key Largo, FL . The laboratory is  
run by NOAA's National Undersea Research Center at the University of  
North Carolina at Wilmington. Aquanauts are doing reef related  
research on the outer reef tract to depths of 40 m. For more  
information on Center support of diving research see  
www.uncwil.edu/sys$disk1/cmsr/nurcwlcm.html or call 910-256-5133. 
  
 
************************* 
Andrew Shepard 
Science Director (S. Atl. Bight/Gulf of Mexico regions) 
Natl. Undersea Research Center 
Univ. of NC at Wilmington 
7205 Wrightsville Ave. 
Wilmington, NC  28403-7224 
1-800-862-9872 
fax 1-910-256-8856 
shepard@nurc.cmsr.uncwil.edu 
************************ 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Dec  6 09:35:04 1995 
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Date: Wed, 6 Dec 1995 21:52:15 +0800 (HKT) 
Message-Id: <199512061352.VAA20768@is1.hk.super.net> 
From: gregorh@hk.super.net 
Subject: Vacancies 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Date: Sat, 2 Dec 1995 00:50:32 -0500 
From: PUISHAN@aol.com 
Subject: Vacancies 
 
 
I am writing with a request for suitable personnel for the following two 
posts for UNDP: 
=0D 
1)  A "Media Advisor" to work in Cambodia for 11 months for the 3 year ET= 
AP - 
Environmental Technical Assistance Programme".  His/Her main duty will be= 
 to 
assist the Government and NGOs to develop environmental education / publi= 
c 
awareness promotional materials; mainly TV programmes, films, radio shows= 
, 
performances, etc.  The person should have a degree & experience in relat= 
ed 
fields & preferably work experience in Asia.  UNOPS - Office of Project 
Services is trying very hard to find somebody to begin the job in January= 
=2E  = 
 
=0D 
2)  A "Marine Expert" for a regional project for Vietnam, Cambodia, Thail= 
and 
and Laos. The project had a major terrestrial component, the key objectiv= 
e of 
which is to promote regional cooperations in nature conservation; involvi= 
ng 
transboundary protected areas, regional dialogue/networking, cooperation = 
in 
research, training, etc.  The Marine Expert will be given a short contrac= 
t of 
3 months to initiate dialogue among the countries and recommend possible 
cooperations.  Biodiversity hotspot areas will be identified through 
consultation with existing literature and national experts; except for 
Cambodia where marine studies are especially limited and hence will 
necessitate some field assessment.  The person should hold a M.Sc degree = 
(or 
higher) on marine sciences & be experienced in marine conservation, prote= 
cted 
areas, policies, and preferably with work experience in the project 
countries.  = 
 
=0D 
I would be really grateful if you could spread the word around and assist= 
 us 
find potential candidates for the above two projects.  If you do find an 
interesting party, please give him/her my email address  puishan@aol.com = 
  or 
ask them to write directly to: 
=0D 
Mr Roger Aertgeerts 
Senior Project Management Officer 
UNOPS 
Fax: 1-212-906 6501 
Em:  roger.aertgeerts@undp.org 
=0D 
Many thanks & regards, 
Catherine Cheung 
RBAS, UNDP 
=0D 
           = 
 
 
--PART.BOUNDARY.0.27553.mail04.mail.aol.com.817883427-- 
 
 
 
<---- End Included Message ----> 
 
 
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Date: Thu, 7 Dec 1995 11:15:27 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: RE: questions reef fish and invertebrates (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951207111320.6802C-100000@coral> 
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These messages (two in one) are herewith forwarded: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 18:44:37 +0100 
From: HOLTHUS Paul <PFH@HQ.iucn.ch> 
Subject: RE: fish yields from coral reefs 
 
 
Herman, I have just left The Nature Conservancy's Asia/Pacific program to 
join the IUCN marine programme.  You may want to contact TNC Indonesia 
office re. the work of Bob Johannes and Mike Riepen on the life reef fish 
trade.  Re. reef recovery from damage, the short answer is 20-30 years or 
more.  The long answer depends on a lot of extrenuating human and natural 
circumstances.  There is a fair bit of literature on reef recovery which I 
hope some other respondents have referred you to. I will be interested to 
hear more of your results. Paul Holthus IUCN 
 
 ---------- 
Sent:  mercredi, 22. novembre 1995 22,41 
To:  SOFIA BETTENCOURT; pfh 
Cc:  Coral Health and Monitoring Program; coral-list 
Subject:  fish yields from coral reefs 
 
 
 
======== 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Tue, 5 Dec 1995 18:48:14 +0100 
From: HOLTHUS Paul <PFH@HQ.iucn.ch> 
To: "C=Ch; A=400net; P=Switch; O=switch; OU1=chx400; DDA.TYPE=RFC-822; 
     DDA.VALUE=owner-coral-list(a)reef.aoml.erl.gov" <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: RE: questions reef fish and invertebrates 
 
 
Herman, further to my earlier e mail.  Contact Dr Bob Richmond at the    
University of Guam on sea cucumber harvest levels: richmond@uog.edu 
Please send the report on economics of coral reef destruction in    
Indonesia. 
Thanks. Paul Holthus 
 
 ---------- 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Dec  7 11:40:30 1995 
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Date: Thu, 7 Dec 1995 11:13:02 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: rejoinders 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951207110708.6802B-100000@coral> 
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Greetings, 
 
If you have a remark to post to the coral-list in response to a message  
that was posted, please be advised that you should send your remark to: 
 
	coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov 
 
which is the list of coral-list readers.  If you just REPLY to a message 
posted by us (coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov), who are members of NOAA/AOML's 
Coral Health and Monitoring Program (the originators and administrators of 
the list), your message may not get posted right away because we will have 
to read the message, then forward it on to coral-list@reef.aoml.noaa.gov,  
which is an automated process. 
 
We appreciate your cooperation.  If you have any further questions,  
please do not hesitate to ask. 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Dec  7 11:42:59 1995 
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Date: Thu, 7 Dec 1995 11:19:52 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: RE: questions reef fish and invertebrates (fwd) 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951207111619.6802D-100000@coral> 
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Forwarded to coral-list: 
 
---------- Forwarded message ---------- 
Date: Wed, 06 Dec 1995 14:29:00 -0800 (PST) 
From: John McManus <J.MCMANUS@cgnet.com> 
To: owner-coral-list <owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: RE: questions reef fish and invertebrates 
 
 
TO        :    Herman Cesar 
FROM      :    John McManus 
DATE      :    December 6, 1995 
 
Dear Herman, 
 
The area figure of 100,000 km2 for coral reefs in Indonesia is probably a 
good estimate, and one which we and others have arrived at by various, 
very crude means.  It means that Indonesia covers about 17% of the world's 
reefs (plus or minus 5%).  
 
The invertebrate production of reefs vary tremendously depending on 
conditions and what people gather.  A few studies indicate that the 
production might equal that of fish production in areas where many species 
are gathered.  Thus, a working figure of 15mt/km2/yr (plus or minus 5) 
might be appropriate for Indonesia, but only for shallow areas near land 
which are accessible.  Thus, what is actually harvested for invertebrates 
is less than the harvest potential, unlike fin-fisheries which are mostly 
overharvested in Southeast Asia.  Note also that octupos on reef slopes 
are often major fisheries, particularly when fish have been overharvested.  
 
The big problem with invertebrate fisheries is the ease with which a 
target group can be depleted.  Giant clam, sea urchin and sea cucumber 
fisheries have collapsed in many areas.  Usually the collapses occur after 
large-volume dealers arrive in a village.  We are a long way from being 
able to determine individually the sustainable yield of most invertebrate 
species on reefs, and much further from developing effective ways to 
manage such fisheries sustainably.  
 
Sincerely, 
 
John McManus 
 ---------- 
From: owner-coral-list 
To: coral-list 
Subject: questions reef fish and invertebrates 
Date: Wednesday, November 29, 1995 10:45PM 
 
All coral list subscribers, 
 
Thanks very much for the many reactions. I have some more questions: 
 
First, I am trying to contact Mark Erdmann who has done some very  
interesting  work on coral reef ecology. Does anyone know his e-mail or  
other address? 
 
Secondly, I am looking at some issues related to the poison fish trade. My  
 questions are (please allow my ignorance as an economist): 
 
If fishermen go to a prestine untouched and unfished area, what would be the  
 average biomass of groupers (especially Epinephelus spp., Plectropomus spp.  
and  Cephalopholis spp.) and of Napoleon wrasses (Cheilinus Undulatus) per  
square kilometer of reef? 
 
What would be the average sustainable yield of these groupers and N.wrasses? 
 
When do they obtain sexual maturity? (At which bodyweight is that? Are  
groupers of 800 grams sexually mature? 
 
Thirdly, I am trying to guess the total area of coral reefs in Indonesia  
(e.g. at 20 phantom (37 m; 110 ft.). For the Philippines are have data  
ranging from 25 to 33 thousand km2. I have an estimate for the whole of East  
Asia of around 180,000 km2. Would 100,000 km2 for Indonesia be a good guess? 
 
Fourthy, does anyone know something of sustainable yield of invertebrates? I  
 would like to know sustainable yield per km2 of sea-cucumbers, trochus,  
giant  clams, lobsters, etc. 
 
By the way, if people are interested in receiving a copy of the report on  
the  economics of coral reef destruction in Indonesia when it is ready and  
has become  official (early next year hopefully; working paper), please let  
me know. 
 
Thanks in advance, 
 
Herman Cesar 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Dec  7 20:27:04 1995 
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Date: Fri, 8 Dec 1995 11:13:01 +1000 (EST) 
From: Esther Koh <Geok.Koh@jcu.edu.au> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Mark Erdmann's contact 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951207111619.6802D-100000@coral> 
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Herman, 
 
> First, I am trying to contact Mark Erdmann who has done some very  
> interesting  work on coral reef ecology. Does anyone know his e-mail or  
> other address? 
 
I have Mark's contact details.  Please email me. 
 
Esther G.L. Koh 
Department of Marine Biology 
James Cook University of North Queensland 
Townsville, Q4811 
AUSTRALIA 
 
Tel: 61-77-814801 
Fax: 61-77-251570 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Dec 13 17:20:22 1995 
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Date: Wed, 13 Dec 1995 16:38:10 -0500 (EST) 
From: Lamond Robert E <3rel1@qlink.queensu.ca> 
X-Sender: 3rel1@qlink 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Graduate research on coral-reefs. 
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	Hello. I am a fourth year undergraduate student, searching for  
a potential university to study and conduct graduate level reasearch on  
Modern Coral Reefs. I will be graduating with a BscH in Geology from 
Queen's University, Canada this April. I have been specializing in carbonate  
sedimentology and invertebrate paleontology at Queen's and I am searching  
for a graduate program on reef geology/ biology. 
	If anyone has knowledge of such a program, or has an address I  
might contact for more information, please e-mail me at  
3rel1@qlink.queensu.ca. The nationality of the university is not as  
important as the proximity to the reefs!  
 
			Thank you for your time, 
					Bob Lamond	 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Dec 15 00:33:57 1995 
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Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 23:17:22 -0600 
Message-Id: <199512150517.XAA11525@mail.utexas.edu> 
X-Sender: j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu 
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To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu (JAY RANDALL REICHMAN) 
Subject: Email Internet Virus 
X-Mailer: <PC Eudora Version 1.4> 
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>Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 22:55:02 -0600 
>To: JLBrown68@aol.com 
>From: khaywood@mail.utexas.edu (Keene M. Haywood) 
>Subject: Email Internet Virus 
>Cc: belflite@orion.ae.utexas.edu, bosque@mail.utexas.edu, 
>        dolitl@mail.utexas.edu, pmiller@nwu.edu, YGHQ78D@prodigy.com, 
>        CCORNELI@WINNIE.FIT.EDU, SSeaFresh@aol.com, Narragan@aol.com, 
>        cstinson@mail.utexas.edu, kkishi@maestro.geo.utexas.edu, 
>        armentrc@ava.bcc.orst.edu, iomarine@tiac.net, waiblee@ucs.orst.edu, 
>        imanners@uts.cc.utexas.edu, ICLARM@CGNET.COM, 
>        J.Reichman@mail.utexas.edu, JeffM4079615@eworld.com, 
>        jc690254@bcm.tmc.edu, jgifford@rsmas.miami.edu, KB78@COLUMBIA.EDU, 
>        k.foote@mail.utexas.edu, VonWestarp@aol.com, M.GOROSPE@CGNET.COM, 
>        SPATZY@aol.com, MQUETEL@TELEPORT.COM, NHay5600@aol.com, 
>        nfowler@spice.cc.utexas.edu, drbob@mail.utexas.edu, 
>        rdoughty@mail.utexas.edu, roshanr@mail.utexas.edu, chocolat@eden.com, 
>        cshane@ccwf.cc.utexas.edu, DFLIGHT@HOOKED.NET, linscott@rice.edu, 
>        swells@ucb.edu.bz, tthys@acpub.duke.edu, dlarson340@aol.com 
> 
>>>>Mail*Link(r) SMTP               FWD>Internet Virus Warning!!! 
>>>> 
>>>>>There is a computer virus that is being sent across the Internet. If you 
>>>>>receive an e-mail message with the subject line "Good Times", DO NOT read 
>>>>the 
>>>>>message, DELETE it immediately. Please read the messages below.  Some 
>>>>>miscreant is sending e-mail under the title "good times" world-wide. If you 
>>>>>get anything like this, DON'T DOWN LOAD THE FILE!  It has a virus that 
>>>>>rewrites your hard drive, obliterating anything on it. Please be  
careful and 
>>>>>forward this mail --  I have. 
>>>> 
>>>>WARNING!!!!!!!!!: INTERNET VIRUS 
>>>>The FCC released a warning last Wednesday concerning a matter of major 
>>>>importance to any regular user of the Internet. Apparently, a new computer 
>>>>virus has been engineered by a user of America Online that is unparalleled 
>>>>in its destructive capability. Other, more well-known viruses such as 
>>>>Stoned, Airwolf, and Michaelangelo pale in comparison to the prospects of 
>>>>this newest creation by a warped mentality.  What makes this virus so 
>>>>terrifying, said the FCC, is the fact that no program needs to be exchanged 
>>>>for a new computer to be infected.  It can be spread through the existing 
>>>>e-mail systems of the Internet. Once a computer is infected, one of several 
>>>>things can happen. If the computer contains a hard drive it will be 
>>>>destroyed. If the program is not stopped, 
>>>>the computer's processor will be placed in an nth-complexity infinite binary 
>>>>loop -which can severely damage the processor if left running that way too 
>>>>long. 
>>>>Unfortunately, most novice computer users will not realize what is 
>>>>happening until it is far too late.  Luckily, there is one sure means of 
>>>>detecting what is now known as the Good Times" virus. It always travels to 
>>>>new computers the same way in a text e-mail message with the subject line 
>>>>reading simply "Good Times".  Avoiding infection is easy once the file has 
>>>>been received - not reading it. The act of loading the file into the mail 
>>>>server's ASCII buffer causes the "Good Times" mainline program to 
>>>>initialize and execute.  The program is highly intelligent - it will send 
>>>>copies of itself to everyone whose e-mail address is contained in a 
>>>>received-mail file or a sent- mail file, if it can find one. It will then 
>>>>proceed to trash the computer it is running on.   The bottom line here is- 
>>>>if you receive a file with the subject line "Good Times", delete it 
>>>>immediately!  Do not read it!   Rest assured that whoever's name was on the 
>>>>"From:" line was surely struck by the virus. Warn your friends and local 
>>>>system users of this newest threat to the Internet! 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>>> 
>>> 
>>> 
>> 
>> 
> 
> 
> 
Adios, 
Jay Reichman                                    
Department of Zoology 
University of Texas at Austin 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Dec 15 02:25:24 1995 
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	Thu, 14 Dec 95 23:15:48 -0800 
X-Sender: pdh@saul1.u.washington.edu 
Date: Thu, 14 Dec 1995 23:15:48 -0800 (PST) 
From: Preston Hardison <pdh@u.washington.edu> 
To: JAY RANDALL REICHMAN <j.reichman@mail.utexas.edu> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: Email Internet Virus 
In-Reply-To: <199512150517.XAA11525@mail.utexas.edu> 
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   The only pathogen here is the "Goodtimes Virus Alert". This hoary old 
   cyber-legend has been circulating around the Internet for three or 
   four years now, and is well known to be a junk alert. There simply is 
   no danger from a "Good Times" ascii file. You can get a virus from 
   a program embedded as a binary attachment to an email message, but  
   only after you have downloaded the file and executed it on your PC. 
   Merely reading an email message will not cause harm to your computer. 
   If someone knows otherwise, please supply an authoritative reference 
   (the reference to the "FCC" in the alert is bogus). Please don't 
   forward the alert on to other lists. 
 
   Preston Hardison 
   pdh@u.washington.edu 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Dec 15 11:15:03 1995 
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-0500 
Date: Fri, 15 Dec 1995 11:13:49 -0500 (EST) 
From: John Ogden <jogden@jaws.marine.usf.edu> 
To: Coral-List <coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov> 
Subject: FKNMS Management Plan 
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The following Open Letter sent to the Miami Herald and the Key West  
Citizen is FYI. 
 
December 14, 1995 
 
An Open Letter to the Commercial Fishermen of the Florida Keys: 
 
As most of you know, this week the Sanctuary Advisory Council (SAC) 
of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary finished its task of 
reviewing the 10 Action Plans which form the Management Plan of the 
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary.  These were revised over 
the past year in a series of community meetings led by SAC members.  
The Plan approved by the Council on December 12 will help to insure 
that the fragile marine environment of the Keys will sustain and 
enrich the lives of future generations.  The approved Plan is the 
culmination of 4 years of effort on the part of the SAC members who 
worked hard to integrate the interests and concerns of their 
various constituencies in a complicated, controversial, and 
politically-charged task. 
 
Fishermen's interests were ably represented by Tony Iarocci, 
Michael Laudicina, SAC Chair Michael Collins, and by the many 
fishermen who took valuable time away from their businesses to 
attend hearings and meetings and to testify in a constructive 
manner on the plan.  In fact, it is fair to say that fishermen, 
more than any other constituency, defined the Management Plan that 
we all hope will be signed by the Governor at the end of 1996.   
 
However, in my opinion the virtual elimination of the Replenishment 
Reserves by the organized, disciplined, and effective campaign 
against them seriously compromises the intent of the plan to 
sustain the harvest of fisheries resources in the future.  We need 
at least three relatively small, representative Replenishment 
Reserves strategically placed in the Upper and Lower Keys and in 
the Dry Tortugas.  The approved plan eliminated the Upper Keys 
Reserve and left the one in the Dry Tortugas in limbo waiting 
action by the National Park Service.  There is only one effective 
Reserve, a sliver of habitat from shore to the reef edge in the 
Sambos.   
 
The Reserves are critical to gather baseline data from undisturbed, 
unharvested areas so we can assess the impact of harvest and 
disturbance in the rest of the Sanctuary.  Reserves are also an 
experiment, one that the world is watching, to see if small, 
strategically placed unharvested areas can provide "replenishment" 
to the harvested resources outside its boundaries.  There is a 
scientific consensus that the Reserves will work, and there are 
examples of early success from other countries including New 
Zealand, Australia, Kenya, and many Caribbean nations.  
 
You don't have to be told that the Keys fishery resources are 
vulnerable; fishermen have seen this from yearly catches.  What may 
not be well known is that reefs appear to be particularly sensitive 
to the removal of the large size classes of snappers and groupers 
as well as parrotfishes.  This disrupts the balance of the reef and 
leads to elimination of corals and to dominance of the reefs by 
algae.  This is a condition that we are seeing nearly everywhere in 
the Keys.  The Replenishment Reserves are the only tool that we 
have to assess these impacts and to define strategies that will 
sustain the fisheries harvest.  
 
I ask each of you to reconsider your position with respect to the 
Replenishment Reserves.  Talk with each other and with your leaders 
and work with NOAA to place at least three Reserves in the 
Sanctuary-- one in each of the major representative habitats of the 
Keys.  If this is accomplished we can continue the cooperative 
interaction among the fishing industry, management agencies, and 
the science community that has given us a remarkable and exemplary 
Management Plan for the marine resources of the Keys. 
 
Thank you for your consideration, congratulations on your very 
effective and informative work, and Season's Greetings to all. 
 
Sincerely, 
 
John C. Ogden 
Member SAC for Science 
 
 
John C. Ogden        Director        Phone:  813/893-9100 
Florida Institute of Oceanography    Fax:    813/893-9109 
830 First Street South               St. Petersburg, Florida 33701 
 
 
From hendee@wave Mon Dec 15 11:17:23 1995 
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Date: Fri, 15 Dec 1995 17:02:19 +0100 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
From: gheiss@geomar.de (Georg Heiss) 
Subject: Research programme on coral reefs in the Western Indian	Ocean 
Sender: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
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Dear colleagues, 
With this message we would like to spread information about a current 
research programme on recent and fossil coral reefs in the Western Indian 
Ocean. 
If you would like to have more detailed information, please contact any of 
the members of the group at the addresses listed at the end of this 
message. 
At the moment we are constructing a WWW-page with more information about 
the activities of the group. As soon as we are online, you will be informed 
via the coral-list. 
 
Georg Heiss 
 
_________________________________________________ 
CORAL AND REEF GROWTH IN THE WESTERN INDIAN OCEAN: 
PALEOCLIMATIC IMPLICATIONS 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
Since 1994 a group of European reef geologists including workers from 
France, Germany, Italy and the U.K. has been investigating Western Indian 
Ocean reefs, studying paleoclimatology and sea-level changes. These studies 
comprise localities over a latitudinal range between 4 degrees and 23 
degrees south, spanning in the north the Seychelles Bank, Aldabra-Atoll, 
and Mayotte (Comoro 
Islands), and in the south,Tulear (Madagascar), Reunion and Mauritius. 
 
The approach is on three time scales using: 
 
1. Living corals to document coral growth and climatic change  over the 
last 1000 years. 
2. Drill cores in Holocene reefs to cover the last 10,000 years. 
3. Outcrops of Pleistocene limestones to investigate the past 130,000 years 
and including: 
 
a)  Sampling of raised Eemian limestones; 
b)  Studies of drowned reef terraces (isotope stage 3 and LGM, 20-18 ka) by 
submersible. 
 
CORAL CORES 
 
        Cores collected from massive coral colonies (Porites) allow the 
determination of growth bands and of an exact chronology, together with the 
vertical accretion rate of the colony and variations in stable isotopes of 
O and C, and of Sr with high temporal resolution. 
 
The delta 18O-composition of the skeletal aragonite is used as a proxy for both 
paleotemperature and salinity.  In general, a variation of 0.22 permil is 
equivalent to 1 degree C of temperature change (Epstein et al. 1953) but is 
also linked to evaporation and precipitation (Swart and Coleman 1980). The 
delta 13C-composition serves as a proxy for both the biological 
productivity of the coral and the CO2 content of the contemporary 
atmosphere (Nozaki et al. 1978). 
 
Tropical sea surface palaeotemperatures can also be determined with high 
precision by means of Sr/Ca-TIMS (thermal ionization mass spectrometry), 
producing a seasonal resolution over at least the past 10,000 years (Beck 
et al. 1992). This method promises to provide an additional independent 
means of determining  temperature which is probably less influenced by 
fluctuations in the volume of ice-caps and oxygen isotope variations or by 
evaporation or freshwater influx (Beck et al. 1992; De Villiers et al. 
1994). 
 
The isotopic compositions of the skeleton forming the youngest parts of the 
coral cores can be calibrated with temperature readings from automatic 
temperature loggers. These have been installed for two years at some of the 
sampled colonies and provide measurements over this time span in steps of 2 
hours. 
 
Sampling of coral slabs with computerized drill equipment (sampling in 
steps of 1/100 mm) theoretically allows the determination of up to 100 
samples per year.  For these studies we sample in steps of 1 mm, resulting 
in a resolution of ca. 8-16 samples per year of coral growth, depending on 
the relative growth rates of the corals. 
 
Samples available from recent Porites-colonies are summarized in Table 1. 
________________________________________________________ 
TABLE 1: RECENT CORAL CORE SAMPLES 
 
LOCATION__NO. OF CORES__LENGTH OF LONGEST CORE__WATER DEPTH RANGE__DATE of 
FIELD WORK 
 
Mayotte, Comoros___10___238cm__1 to 7m__March 1994 
Seychelles__10__203cm__2 to 9m__October 1994, November 1995 
Reunion__6__195cm__6 to 13m__October 1994, November 1995 
Tulear, Madagascar__16__404cm__0.5 to 7m__October 1995 
________________________________________________________ 
 
HOLOCENE DRILL CORES 
 
Methods 
 
The Holocene reefs have all been drilled close to their outer edges in 
order to obtain the maximum thickness of the carbonate deposited during the 
Holocene.  Corals and associated organisms (e.g. algae, molluscs) occurring 
within the cores will be identified to species level in order to evaluate 
the palaeobathymetry.  Age determinations based on U/Th-TIMS may then 
provide a dataset for establishing a sea level curve.  Information can also 
be gained on the relative rate of reef growth and its response to sea level 
change, either  'keep up' or 'catch up' styles. 
 
Core material will also be examined petrographically to determine both the 
degree and style of diagenetic alteration.  Larger coral colonies recovered 
will be investigated using the same methods applied to the recent coral 
cores.  This will provide short sclerochronological datasets which will 
include paleotemperature variability on a sub-annual resolution for 
different time intervals during the Holocene.  Both the general 
environmental parameters and the specific patterns of change which these 
reveal will be compared with those of the recent corals. 
 
Locations 
 
The group has recovered cores from Reunion, Mauritius and Mayotte in recent 
years, and drilling operations have been completed at Tulear and on Mahe in 
the Seychelles this year.  On average, Holocene carbonates are more than 
20m thick in the Western Indian Ocean. The oldest Holocene corals collected 
so far are from Mayotte and have been dated at  9,800 yrs B.P. (Colonna 
1994). The underlying substratum varies with the origin and age of the 
islands.  In Reunion, the basement is probably formed by Pleistocene 
basalts, while in Mayotte and Mauritius the Holocene reef sequences overlie 
Pleistocene limestones.  On Mahe they rest on what are probably terrestrial 
silts and clays which themselves overlie Precambrian granite. 
 
EEMIAN RAISED LIMESTONES 
 
Methods 
 
Large EemianPorites-heads have been sampled and are being analyzed using 
methods identical to those applied to the recent samples (sclerochronology, 
stable isotopes).  Petrographic studies are being carried out on material 
from the same outcrops to assess the degree of alteration.  The ages of 
these carbonates will be determined using U/Th dating. 
 
Locations 
 
Outcrops of Eemian limestone terraces are exposed on the Seychelles 
Islands, principally in small outcrops beneath granite boulders (Mahe) but 
including thick (metres) in situ algal and coral crusts on Praslin and La 
Digue.  More extensive outcrops are found on Aldabra and other so-called 
'high' limestone islands to the west.  Detailed stratigraphical data are 
available for Aldabra, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius and Reunion from 
earlier studies by the group. 
 
Additional data 
 
The group also has a sample set collected during a German-French mission to 
Mayotte using the research submersible "Jago".  During this mission several 
coral samples and reef rock samples were recovered.   It has been  shown 
that reefs flourished during isotope stage 3 (50 - 27 ka B.P.) forming 
extended terraces presently drowned to around 80 m deep.  Last glacial 
maximum (LGM) corals were also collected, giving hints of a maximum sea 
level fall of 150 m for the volcanic island of Mayotte.  Such extreme 
values seem to be typical for volcanic islands having no gravity 
differential with the ocean crust and therefore providing a regional 
hydroeustacy (Peltier 1991; Lambeck and Nakada 1992). 
 
FUNDING 
 
The studies are financed by a variety of funding agencies. The European 
Union Programme "TESTREEF" (TEmporal and Spatial Variability in Western 
Indian Ocean REEFs) is funding the research in Tulear and Seychelles. 
Investigations on Reunion and Mayotte is funded by PNRCO (Programme 
National Recifs Coralliens- C.N.R.S.), and by the Deutsche 
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Du 129/6 and Du 129/9). 
 
 
LITERATURE 
Beck, J.W., Edwards, R.L., Ito, E., Taylor, F.W., Recy, J., Rougerie, F., 
Joannot, P. and Henin, C. (1992): Sea-surface temperature from coral 
skeletal Strontium/Calcium ratios.- Science, 257: 644-647. 
 
Colonna, M. (1994): Chronologie des variation du niveau marins au cours du 
dernier cycle climatique (0-140 000 ans) dans la partie sud occidental de 
l'Ocean Indien. Implications paleoclimatiques et paleoceanographiques. 
Ph.D. thesis, Aix-Marseille: 1-303. 
 
De Villiers, S., Shen, G.T. and Nelson, B.K. (1994): The Sr/Ca-temperature 
relationship in coralline aragonite: Influence of variability in 
(Sr/Ca)seawater and skeletal growth parameters.- Geochimica et Cosmochimica 
 Acta, 58: 197-208. 
 
Epstein, S., Buchsbaum, R., Lowenstam, H.A. and Urey, H.C. (1953): Revised 
carbonate-water isotopic temperature scale.- Geological Society of America 
Bulletin, 64: 1315-1326. 
 
Lambeck, K. and Nakada, M. (1992): Constraints on the age and duration of 
the age and duration of the last interglacial period and on sea-level 
variations.- Nature, 357: 125-128. 
 
Nozaki, Y., Rye, D.M., Turekian, K.K. and Dodge, R.E. (1978): A 200 year 
record of Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 variations in a Bermuda coral.- 
Geophysical Research Letters, 5/10: 825-827. 
 
Peltier, W.R. (1991): The ICE-3G model of Late Pleistocene deglaciation: 
construction, verification and applications.- In: Sabadini, R. (ed.) 
Glacial Isostacy, Sea Level and Mantle Rheology: 95-119 . 
 
Swart, P.K. and Coleman, M.L. (1980): Isotopic data for scleractinian 
corals explain their paleotemperature uncertainties.- Nature, 283: 557-559. 
 
_______________ 
Adresses of the group members: 
 
Colin Braithwaite 
Lilybank Gardens 
Glasgow G1 2 8QQ 
Tel. +44.141.339.8855. Ext. 5449. 
Fax. +44.141.330.4817 
cjrb@geology.gla.ac.uk 
 
Gilbert F. Camoin 
URA 1208 CNRS 
Universite de Provence 
Centre de Sedimentologie et Paleontologie 
3 Place V. Hugo 
F-13331 Marseille cedex 3 
Tel. +33.91106723 
Fax. +33.91649964 
gcamoin@cerege.fr (by January 96) 
 
Wolf-Christian Dullo 
GEOMAR 
Research Center for Marine Geosciences 
Wischhofstr. 1-3, Geb. 4 
D-24148 Kiel 
Germany 
Tel     +49-431-7202200 
Fax     +49-431-725391 
cdullo@geomar.de 
 
Georg A. Heiss 
GEOMAR 
Research Center for Marine Geosciences 
Wischhofstr. 1-3, Geb. 4 
D-24148 Kiel 
Germany 
Tel     +49-431-7202209 
Fax     +49-431-725391 
gheiss@geomar.de 
 
Lucien Montaggioni 
URA 1208 CNRS 
Universite de Provence 
Centre de Sedimentologie et Paleontologie 
3 Place V. Hugo 
F-13331 Marseille cedex 3 
Tel. +33.91106324 
Fax. +33.91649964 
 
Marco Taviani 
Istituto di Geologia Marina 
Via Zamboni, 65 
I-40127 Bologna 
Italia 
Tel.    +39-51-244044 
Fax     +39-51-243117 
taviani@boigm2.igm.bo.cnr.it 
 
Bernard A. Thomassin 
Centre D'Oceanologie de Marseille (O.S.U.) 
Unite associee au CNRS (UA 41) 
Rue Batterie des Lions 
F-13007 Marseille 
Tel.    +33-91041617 
Fax     +33-91041635 
thomassi@com.univ-mrs.fr 
 
 
 
From hendee@wave Thu Dec 18 14:15:31 1995 
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Date: Mon, 18 Dec 1995 18:51:01 +0000 (GMT) 
From: PETER COLLINSON <osp066@sos.bangor.ac.uk> 
X-Sender: osp066@thunder 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
Cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Re: rejoinders 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951207110708.6802B-100000@coral> 
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Hello 
I am trying to get in contact members of the coral research team in Singapore 
Are you out there? If so could you please contact me, regarding coral  
reef research. 
 
Many Thanks 
 
Peter R J Collinson 
The University of Hong Kong 
 
From hendee@wave Sun Dec 21 07:49:32 1995 
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Date: Thu, 21 Dec 1995 07:28:31 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Shutdown...again. 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951221072125.18050A-100000@coral> 
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Seasons Greetings, Colleagues! 
 
Because of the U.S. Government budget negotiations impasse, some or all  
of the Coral Health and Monitoring services (e.g., list-server, Web page,  
daily posting of C-MAN data) may be temporarily discontinued.  The host  
machines will remain on, but if something breaks, there will be no one  
around to fix it. 
 
I hope you all have a Merry Chistmas and a Happy New Year! 
 
	Sincerely yours, 
 
	Jim Hendee 
 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
|                                                       | 
| Coral Health and Monitoring Program                   | 
| Ocean Chemistry Division                              |  
| Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorlogical Laboratories | 
| National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration       | 
| Miami, Florida                                        | 
| USA                                                   | 
|                                                       | 
| Email:          coral@coral.aoml.noaa.gov             |  
| World-Wide Web: http://coral.aoml.noaa.gov            |  
|                                                       | 
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 
 
From hendee@wave Wed Dec 24 21:21:42 1995 
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Date: Sun, 24 Dec 1995 16:03:57 -1000 (HST) 
From: Bruce Carlson <carlson@soest.hawaii.edu> 
X-Sender: carlson@iniki 
To: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
cc: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Coral spawning - Solomon Islands 
In-Reply-To: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951205111550.22892A-100000@coral> 
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Solomon Islands:  New Georgia group, Minjanga Is., December 11, 1995, ca.  
1830 hrs ("twilight").  Various mussid corals (Acanthastrea, Lobophyllia,  
and Symphyllia) were observed spawning.  Aggregations of fishes feeding  
on the eggs indicated the location of spawning colonies. Large  
Plectorhinchus ("sweetlips") sucked up the spawn as quickly as it was  
expelled.   
 
One large anemone, Stichodactyla mertensii, also spawned at the same  
time.  Video tape of the spawning was taken for the record.  
 
On the following evening at the same time at Matiu Island, more  
agariciid corals spawned.  No acroporids or other groups of corals  
spawned on either night despite observations which continued until about  
2100 hours. 
 
Bruce Carlson 
Waikiki Aquarium 
University of Hawaii 
 
From hendee@wave Fri Dec 26 14:25:56 1995 
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Date: Tue, 26 Dec 1995 18:32:48 +0200 (IST) 
From: zeevi dafna <dafnaz@post.tau.ac.il> 
To: marbio@marinelab.sarasota.fl.us 
cc: mar-facil@ac.dal.ca, coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Reaserch- assistance 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.91-heb-2.05.951226181601.12554A-100000@ccsg.tau.ac.il> 
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To all interested... 
I'm a student to Marine biology in Tel-Aviv university.I'm writing my  
tesis now to te M.A degree which I'm going to finish in about a month.My  
reaserch was on the biology and ecology of a soft coral from the Red-Sea. 
I'm interesed in working as a research assistent in a rsearch that  
involves ecology and molecular biology in Marine animals (doesn't have to  
be corals!).I will be avalable from March 96 until September 96. 
messages to: Dafna Zeevi. 
 
From hendee@wave Sat Dec 27 11:09:08 1995 
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Date: Wed, 27 Dec 1995 10:42:59 +30000 
From: Coral Health and Monitoring Program <coral@coral.AOML.ERL.GOV> 
To: coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
Subject: Injection Wells in West Maui 
Message-ID: <Pine.SGI.3.90.951227104053.1244B-100000@coral> 
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The following message is being forwarded herewith to the list: 
 
Date: Tue, 26 Dec 1995 15:09:35 -0500 
From: Ursula Keuper-Bennett <howzit@io.org> 
To: owner-coral-list@reef.aoml.erl.gov 
 
Hello. 
 
I have just received word that the EPA (Region 9) has changed its mind yet 
again about the addition of more injection wells in West Maui.  This area 
of ocean has undergone dramatic decline since 1989 when it experienced its 
first of several algae blooms.  
 
I will once again give videotaped testimony against granting a permit for 
these wells.  In preparation for this it would be very helpful to know of 
other sites where injection wells or sewage effluent has resulted in 
eutrophication.  I would be especially interested in any areas where 
Cladophora was the main algae nuisance.  
 
I also believe that eutrophication may be a factor in fibropapillomas, a 
disease of green sea turtles.  That is why I am presently frantic to stop 
these injection wells.  The sewage treatment plant in the area dumps the 
waste directly into the ground.  It is within 500 metres of the ocean and 
they pretend it doesn't go into the ocean.  
 
Yet all indications are that many of the corals have died, the area 
experiences annual algae blooms and 75% of the turtles seen are diseased.  
90% of turtles resident to the area are sick.  
 
If this has piqued anyone's curiosity, more information about this area 
and its special environmental problems can be accessed directly at 
 
http://www.io.org:80/~bunrab/tumoursa.htm 
 
Any help would be appreciated.  
 
                      ^                  Ursula Keuper-Bennett 
                     0 0                 Mississauga, Ontario 
            /V^\     I I    /^V\         Email: howzit@io.org 
          /V     Turtle Trax    V\ 
        /V      Forever Green     V\     http://www.io.org/~bunrab