HOW TO USE THIS INDEX

  The Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health consists of 23
chapters and an Appendix. Each includes a detailed table of contents to lead
the reader to the information sought and to give a quick overview of content.

  The index reflects the contents of all 23 chapters and the Appendix. It
was attempted to use the natural language of the Report whenever possible,
but to achieve consistency in the terminology. some concepts had to be
reworded.

  Major concepts are expressed in primary terms (in bold. all upper case
letters), which are modified by the secondary terms (indented, lower case.
followed by page numbers), in order to convey the specific topic. In order to
lead the reader to primary terms related to the one of interest. cross
references follow many primary terms, e.g.

ALLERGY
(See ulso ALLERGY, TOBACCO:
HYPERSENSITIVITY)

  If a certain concept could have appeared as more than one primary
term, the reader is referred to the primary term actually used in the following
manner:

Areca nut

See BETEL NUT

  Secondary terms are followed by the pagination. The latter consists of
one bold figure, referring to the Report chapter, a colon, followed by the page
number(s). The following examples illustrate this:

chapter t

                 I

ADOLESCENTS

antismoking education.
attitudes toward smoking, 17:5-6.17:8-10

17:6 (This entry refers to Chapter 17. page 6.)
17:9-12, 18:7. A:6-9 (This entry refers to Chapter 17.
  pages 9-12: Chapter 18. page 7; and Appendix. pages
  6-9.)


INDEX

ABORTION

in female tobacco workers, 39
maternal smoking and, 8:9, 83632
relative risk for smokers vs. non-
   smokers, 8:31-32
research needs, 877
in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 830-32
smoking and wanted vs. unwanted
   pregnancy and, 830-32
ARRUPTIO PLACENTAE
gestational age and risk in smoking
   vs. nonsmoking mothers, 844,
    8%

maternal smoking and, 8:39
smoking and stillbirth, 839
smoking levels and, 8:39
smoking levels and perinatal mortali-
ty, 8:40

ABSENTEEISM
effect of smoking, 3:8, 310
effect of smoking, summary of find-
   ings, 1:1213

smokers vs. nonsmokers vs. ex-smok-
   ers, 3:8, 3:l2-14
ARSORPI'ION
nicotine, 14S
toxic elements in respiratory tract,
    14:98

ABSTINENCE
malea vs. females, 15%
smoking habit and, 15%
Almtinence syndrome
  SE-e Tw3Acco WITHDRAWAL
  SYNDROME

ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT
smoking and, 1716, 268
Teenage Self Test scores and, 2622
ACCIDENT3

smoking on the job and, 7:15
ACROLEIN

eye and nose irritation and, 11%
humectants and, 1463

levels, effect of smoking in enclosed
  spacea, 1125
Adenoma

  See NROPLASMS
ADDICTION

(See also HAIHTUATION)
cessation of smoking and, 18:22
identification of addicted smokers,
  18:13

laboratory models, 16:l2
to nicotine, 167-9, 18:X?.
smoking vs. drug addiction, 16:10-11
ADOLESCENTS
(See also TEENAGERS)
antismoking education, 17:G, 17:17-22,
   205-26, 21:25

attitudes toward smoking, 175-6,
  17%10

cessation of smoking, 18:19
drug abuse and smoking, 1723, 18:14
effect of school smoking policies,
  2353-12

illegality of tobacco use, 23:7
influence of role models, 21:11-14
recommendations for prevention of
   smoking, 1722-25
smoking habit, 17:7-3, 18:16, 23:9
smoking habit in males vs. females
  in the United States, 19:21
social factors in smoking initiation,
    17:l217
Adrenaline

  See CATECHOLAMINES
ADULT EDUCATION
Adult Basic Education, 21:7, 21:9
Adult Performance Level Program,
    21:7-9
antismoking education, 21:10-11,
   21:~26
participation statistics, 215-6


ADULTS

cigarette consumption patterns in the
United States, A:23
increase of cigarette consumption
over time, A:17
patterns of smoking prevalence,
A:ll, A:l2-14

self-reported smoking characteristics,
  A:2122

smoking prevalence by educational
level, A:14-16

smoking prevalence by family in-
come, A:1416

smoking surveys in the United
   States. AS-10, A:18
ADVERTISING
antismoking information, 19:9, 21:15
effect on smoking rates, 18:2223,
   2123

effect on youth, 17:56, 17:15, 1722,
  20:67

Federal Communications Commission
rules, A:7

lung disease campaign, 21:lO
restrictions in Denmark, 1822, 22:6
revenues from tobacco interests,
  21:18

ADVERTISING BAN
effect on consumption in Great Brit-
   ain, 182223

effect on consumption in Ireland,
  1822

effect on consumption in Italy, 1822
effect on consumption in New Zea-
  land, 1822

effect on consumption in the United
States, 1823

effect on per capita consumption,
  A:8

ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO THE
  SURGEON GENERAL ON SMOK-
  ING AND IIEALTB
summary of 1964 Report, 1%9
summary of 1979 Report, 1:10-35
AFLATOXIN BI
as tobacco contaminant, 1422
AGE

initiation of smoking and, 17:89
motivation for smoking and, 18:ll
recidivism and, 19:31
AGE GROUPS
absenteeism and, 3:13
bed disability and, 3:12

wtion of smoking and, 3:18
heart conditions and, 3:19
mortality ratio, 2:17
mortality ratio, mortality rates and
  excess deaths in the United
states, 2:ll

percent distribution of cigar, eiga-
   rette and pipe smokers in the
   United Statea, 13:9
AGING

(See also TOBACCO AGING)
atherosclerosis in smokers vs. non-
smokers and, 4~12, 4:14
effect on antipyrine pharmaco kinetics
in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  12:!&30

Agricultural chemicals
  See PESTICIDES
AIR POLLUTION
bronchopulmonary diseases and, 1x9
chronic obstructive lung disease and,
    6:36

in lung neoplasm etiology, 5:25-27
lung pathology in smokers vs. non-
   smokers and, 6:36-37
smoking and chronic obstructive lung
   disease and, 6:37-38
smoking and respiratory symptoms
   and, 6137
AIRPLANES

effect of smoking on nonsmokers,
  11%

ALBANY CML SERVANT STUDY
angina pectoris, 446
sudden cardiac death, 443
ALCOHOL

and benzo(a)pyrene in esophageal
neoplasm induction in animals,
  544

content of cigarette smoke, 1442
pharmacokinetics in smokers vs. non-
smokers, 1239

ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION
beer, and motivation for smoking,
    18:ll

cessation of smoking and, 18:20
effect on esophagus, 1325
interactive effect with smoking on
atherosclerosis, 4:13, 4:15
smoking, coffee drinking and peptic
ulcer and, 9:6

smoking and laryngeal neopiaams
and, 5:32, 534


smoking and oral neoplasms and,
  546-41

smoking in esophageal neoplasm eti-
   ology and, 543-44
smoking rate and, 16:13, 18:14
ALDEHYDES

(See also ACROLEIN)
content of cigarette smoke, 1442
humectants and, 1463
ALKALOID CONTENT
(See ah NICOTINE CONTENT)
in cigar vs. cigarette smoke conden-
   sate, 13:ll

reduction in particulate phase ciga-
   rette smoke, 14:108
ALKALOIDS, TOBACCO
(See alm COTININE; NICOTINE;
NORNICOTINE)
pharmacological activity, 14:93
relative molar potency in cigarette
   smoke, 1496

structural formulae, 1446
ALICANE CONTRNT
in cigarette smoke, 1445
.ALKENEs

in cigarette smoke, 1448
ALLERGIC RHINITIS
passive smoking and, lo:21
smoking and, 10%
.ALLERGY

(See aleo ALLERGY, TOBACCO;
HYPRRSENSITMTY)
childhood respiratory infections and,
  10%

clinical manifestations, 1020
definition, 10%9
diagnosis, 10:5
effect of tobacco smoke-exposure,
  10:14

involuntary smoking and, 11:31
nicotine in induction of, 10%
predisposition, and broncho-eonstric-
tion and chest infections, 1022
skin test reactions to tobacco leaf
  extracts in smokers vs. nonsmok-
  ers, lo:13

smoking and, summary of findings,
  1 B-24

thromboangiitis obliterans and, 4:66
tobacco and tobacco smoke in etiolc-
gy of, 10:5, 10:%24
tobacco smoke as secondary factor,

ALLERGY, TOBACCO
asthma and, lo:21
basic mechanisms, 10:5
cardiovascular diseases and, 1022-23
diagnosis, 1024
diagnostic criteria, lo:67
epidemiology, lO:l214
tests, IO:6
treatment and prevention, 1024
Alveolar macrophages
  See MACROPHAGES, ALVEOLAR
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STAN-
  DARD
smoking in enclosed spaces and,
    11:21
AMBLYOPLA, TOBACCO
etiology, 1266
AMERICAN ASSOCLATION FOR
  HRALTH, PHYSICAL EDUCA-
  TION, AND RECRRATION
recommendations for school pro-
   grams, 17:15
statement on school smoking policies,
   2X3-9, 23:13-14
training of health educators, 2332
AMERICAN CANCER SOCIETY
campaign against hospital cigarette
   sales, 2229
group cessation program, 19:lO
study of physicians' smoking habits,
   22:ll
survey of teachers' smoking habits
   and attitudes, 17:15, 21:13
withdrawal clinics, 21:16
youth antismoking programs, 2922
youth smoking studies, 17:8, 1815,
    21:11-12
AMERICANDENTALASSOCIATION
school programs on oral health, 2623
AMBRICAN HRALTH POUNDATION
cessation program, 21:16
"Know Your Body" program, 2190
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
adolescent antismoking demonstration
   projects, 2922
withdrawal clinics, 21:16
AMERICAN LUNG ASSOCLATION
antismoking curriculum models,
   2022-23
withdrawal clinics, 21:16
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCLVI'ION

10s                 antismoking advice to patients, 22:16


AMERICAN PHARMACELJTICAL AS-
  SOCLU'ION
recommendation against cigarette
   sales, 22:9
AMERICAN PUBLIC HRALTH ASSO-
  CIATION
members' smoking attitudes, 22:7,
   22:15
AMERICAN SCHOOL HEALTH AS-
  SOCIATION
state school health programs survey,
   235-23-7
AMINES
bladder neoplasms and, 14:47
content in cigarette smoke, 14:41,
    14:47
content in tobaazo and tobacco
   smoke, 12:74
AMMONIA CONTENT
in cigar smoke, 14:39
in cigarette smoke, 1439
in sidestream smoke, 14:41
Amount smoked
  See SMOKING LEVRIS; CIGA-
  RE'ITE CONSUMPTION
ANALYTICAL MEmoD!
fiber optic probe system, 14:9
Thermal Energy Analyzer. 14:9
ANGINA PECTORIS
  (See aho CORONARY HEART
DISEASE)
clinical features and prognosis, 4:46
effect of carbon monoxide and niw
   tine, C:47
effect of involuntary smoking, 11:36-
    31
effect of low level carbon monoxide
   exposure, 11:30, 11%
effect of nicotine, 439
effect of smoking, 4:47
morbidity ratio, effect of smoking
   levels, 448
morbidity ratio in smokers vs. non-
   smokers, 448
research needs, 4:47, 4:49
ANIMAL MODEIS
atherosclerosis, 4:9, 4:16X3
cerebrovaacular disease, 4:49-56
esophageal neoplasms, 54.4
laryngeal neoplaams, 53435
lung neoplaams, 29:31
myocardial infarction, 426, 446
oral neoplasms, 41-42

pancreatic neoplasms, 5:51-53
peripheral vascular disease, 453
sudden cardiac death, 443
tobacco induced carcinogenesis, 55%
  54

tobacco induced carcinogenesis, sum-
   mary of methods, 529-39
ANNOYANCE
effect of involuntary smoking in
   nonsmokers, 11%
smoking in public transportation and,
   11%
ANOXL4

maternal smoking and infant mortal-
ity, 847

ANTEPAETUM HRMORRHAGE
maternal smoking and, 8:39
ANTICOAGUUNTS
effect of smoking on metabolism,
    1254-55

ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS
effect of cigarette smoke in mice,
    12:59

response to viral vaccines in smokers
   vs. nonsmokers, 1258-59
ANTIPYRINE
clearance in lung neoplasm patients,
    12:31

pharmacokinetics in sfnokers vs. non-
   smokers, 1229-31
ANTIGENS

identification in tobacco leaf and
  smoke, 1O:ll

tobacco proteins, 1O:ll
ANTISMOKING CAMPAIGNS
  (See also CESSATION OF SMOK-
  ING; PREVJXNTION OF SMOK-
ING)
absenteeism and, 3:8
in asbestos plants, 7:l2
in coal miners, 7:15
education in Winnipeg schools, 2613
education of youth in Great Britain,
    2O:lO

effect on per capita consumption,
  A:7

effect on youth, 17:17-18
effectiveness, 1823, 199-10
German youth, 268-g
hospital smoking policy guidelines in
  Canada, 22:%21
hospital smoking policy guidelines in
  Great Britain, 22%


hospital smoking policy guidelines in
   Scotland, 22:21
in occupational settings, 7:1819
Women's Christian Temperance
   Union, 23:1%13
youth to youth programs, 299
ANTISMOMNG MATERIAIS
posters, 19:9
in school programs, 268, 267-15,
    20:17
ANTISOCIAL TENDENCIES
smoking habit and, 18:9
.ANTITOBACCO CHEWING GUM
in smoking reduction, 19:17
ANTITRYPSIN DEFICIENCY
bronchopulmonary diseases and, 1:19
in emphysema etiology, 63334
risk for chronic obstructive lung dis-
   ease, 633-34
.4NXIETT
  (See also STRESS;
  NEUROTICISM)
in deprived smokers, 16:78
reduction by smoking, 16:ll
smoking habits in medical students
   and, 18:8
AORTIC ANEURYSM
clinical and hi&pathological fea-
   tures, 4%
cmonary heart disease and, 455
mortality ratios, effect of smoking
   levels, 455
research needs, 456
smoking in etiology of, 456
Areca chewing
  See BETEL CHEWING; TOBACCO
  CHEWING
Areca nut
  See BETEL NUT
AROMATIC AMINES
  (See ah HETEROCYCLIC COM-
  POUNDS: NAF'-NES)
bladder neoplaams and, 5:47
occupational hazards, 7:16
smoking and occupational risk of
   bladder neoplaams, 7:16
AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS
  (See also BENZANTHRACENES;
  BENZO(a)F'YRENE; METHYL-
  CHOLANTHRENE)
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity
   in fetus after maternal exposure

benzo(a)pyrene as indicator of carci-
nogenic potential of cigarette
smoke, 14:169-110
in cigarette smoke, 14:4142, 14:51,
  14:54

in cigarette vs. cigar vs. pipe smoke,
  13:11-12

as cocarcinogens, 14:52
effect of increased tobacco combusti-
bility on reduction, 14:lll
effect on caffeine pharmacokinetics
  in rata, 12:3%33
effect on cytochrome PiA56 induc-
  tion, 12:7-8

effect on cytochrome Pi456 synthe-
  sis, 12:X-26

effect on drug metabolism, 12:7-g
effect on enzyme activity, 12:7-g
effect on enzyme activity in micro-
  somes, 12:76

effect on liver function, 12:7-8
incomplete combustion and, 14:49
maternal-fetal exchange in animals,
  866

reduction in particulate phase ciga-
   rette smoke, 14:199
structural formulae, 1453
AROUSAL

effect of nicotine, 15:ll
ARSENIC CONTENT
in mainstream cigarette smoke, 14:59
ARTERIES

effect of carbon monoxide and nice-
  tine in animals, 4:56
effect of smoking on atherosclerosis
in distal aorta and iliac arteries,
  453

hyaline thickening in myocardium in
   smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:16
ARTERIOLES

effect of smoke inhalation in dogs,
    4:18
hyaline thickening in myocardium in
   smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:16
Arteriosclerosis
  See ATHEROSCLEROSIS
ARTIFICLAL SWEEI'ENERS
bladder neoplasms and, 5~47
ARYL HYDROCARBON BYDROxn
  ABE
(See also ENZYMES)

in rata, 866

activity, 12:7-g


effect of benzo(a)pyrene or cigarette
smoke on activity in rats, 12%)
effect of cessation of smoking on
activity, 12:41

effect of cigarette smoke on activity
in liver vs. lung, 12:76
effect of smoking on activity, 5:57
fetal, activity after maternal aromat-
ic hydrocarbon exposure in rata,
  8%

inducibility in laryngeal and lung
neoplasm patients, 5:57
role in antipyrine ph armacokineties,
  1230-31

role in drug metabolism, 12:7-g
ASBESTOS

occupational hazards, 7:11-13
smoking and laryngeal neoplaams
and, 534

and smoking in lung neoplasm etiolo
gy, 5%

ASBESTOSIS
(See ah OCCUPATIONAL DIS-
EASES)

smoking and, 7:11-13
Aaaubic acid

  See VITAMIN C
ASPHYXIA

in infants of smokers vs. nonsmok-
   ers, 869
ASPIRIN

consumption in smokers vs. nonsmok-
   ers, 18:13
ASTHMA

(See ah RESPIRATORY TRACT
DISEASES)
effect of smoking in patients, lo:22
passive smoking and, lo:21
tobacco allergy and, lo:21
in tobacco workers, lo:21
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
alcohol consumption and smoking
   and, 4:15

carbon monoxide and, 4:18
in cardiovascular disease etiology, 4:8
in coronary heart disease etiology,
  4:7

effect of alcohol consumption and
smoking levels, 4:13
effect of carbon monoxide in choles-
terol fed animals, 4:17
effect of smoking levels, 4%16

experimental induction in animals,
   4:9, 4:16-18
histology and pathogenesis, 4:7-16
in myocardial infarct etiology, 4:13
    20
nicotine and, 14:79
research needs, 4:18
risk factors, 4%9
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:10-16
somatic cell mutation theory of
   pathogenesis, 4:lO
thromboangiitis obliterans and, 466
ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE
smoking and, 20:8
ATTITUDES
(See also BEHAVIOR)
cessation of smoking and, 1822
drug abuse, l&10
parents, 17:13-14
teachers, 2023, 21:X?-13
youth, 175-6, 17:8, 17:10, 17:17,
   17:23, 20:6, 20-13-14, 20:17-18,
   20:21, 2023, 21311-12
AVERSIVE THERAPY
in cessation of smoking, 16:1616
covert sensitization, 1923
electric shock, 19:Z?
medical risks, 19:2%X
in multicomponent treatments, 19:19,
   1927, 19:30
rapid smoking, 19:24-26
satiation, 192526
Schick Smoking Control Centers,
    21:16
Aza-arenea
  See HETEROCYCLIC COM-
  POUNDS

BEHAVIOR

(See also A'ITITUDES; MOTIVA-
TION; PERSONALITY)
effect of maternal smoking on chil-
  dren, 1:21

effect on pharmacokinetica, 12:4041
smoking habit and, summary of find-
ings, 1:32-33

BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL
effect of nicotine, 15:16
effect of nicotine in monkeys, 15:12
effect of nicotine in rats, 15:11,
    15:18


BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
(See also AVERSIVE THERAPY:
  STIMULUS CONTROL TREAT-
MENT; CONTINGENCY CON-
TRACTING; MULTICOMPONENT
TREATMENT)
in cessation of smoking, 16:1518,
   19:19-29

BENZANTHRACENES
(See also AROMATIC HYDROCAR-
BONS)
in oral neoplasm induction in ham-
   sters, 5:42
BENZENE

threshold limit values, 14:51
tobacco pyrolysis and, 14:49
BENZO(a)PYRENE
(See also AROMATIC HYDROCAR-
  BONS)
as aromatic hydrocarbon indicator in
   cigarette smoke, 14:169110
effect on caffeine pharmacokinetics
   in rata, 12:32--S
effect on fetus, research needs, 8:81
effect on maternal and fetal aryi
  hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity
   in rata, 866

effect on phenacetin pharmacokinet-
ica in rats, 12:59
effect on warfarin pharmacokinetics
in rata, 1238

and ethanol in esophageal neoplasm
induction in animals, 544
in laryngeal neoplasm induction in
hamsters, 534-35
in lung neoplasm induction in ham-
sters, 530

maternal-fetal exchange in animals,
  856

neoplasms in progeny after maternal
exposure in mice, 8:67
in oral neoplasm induction in ham-
sters, 542

reduction methods, 14:114
structural formula, 1453
BENZO(a)PYRENE CONTRNT
in cigar vs. cigarette vs. pipe smoke,
   13:11-12

in cigarette smoke condensate, 14:112
effect of smoking in enclosed spaces,
  11%

BERKELEY CHILD HEALTH AND
DEVEUlPMENT STUDIES, 8:14
Berkeley Project
  See SCHOOL HEALTH CURRJCU-
  LUM PROJECT
BETA-ADRENERGIC BLOCKING
  AGENTS

interactive effect with cigarette
smoke on airways, 1254
interactive effect with cigarette
smoke on cardiovascular system,
  1253-54

BETA-NAP-NE
occupational hasards, 7:16
BETEL CHEWING
  (See also TOBACCO CHEWING)
leukoplakia and, 5:41
in oral neoplasm etiology, 1346-41
BETEL NUT

use in chewing tobacco, 13:39
BICARBONATE LEVELS
in infants of smokers vs. nonsmok-
   ers, 859

BILIRUBIN LRYELS
effect of maternal smoking on ne
   nate, 1234

smokers vs. nonsmokers, 1234
BIOASSAY

ciliatoxic agents and, 14:105
in determining biological effects of
tobacco leaf characteristics, 1423,
  1425

in determining physiological response
   to cigarette smoke, 14:73
relationship of tobacco leaf charac-
   teristics, smoke constituents and
   biological response, 14-22-23
BIRTH WEIGHT
  (See also FETAL GROWTH)
effect of carbon monoxide exposure
   in pregnant rata, 866, 14:79
effect of impaired protein met&o
  lism in smoking mothers, 12:65-
    66

effect of maternal injection of nico-
tine in animals, 853
effect of maternal smoking, 8:9,
  8:11-13, 8:17, 826-21
effect of maternal smoking, research
  needs, 8:78

effect of maternal smoking, summa-
ry of findings, 1:21


effect of maternal smoking and bio-
logic and socioeconomic factors,
  8:14-15

effect of maternal smoking and ges-
tational age, 8:19-20
effect of maternal smoking and
  weight gain, 8%
effect of tobacco smoke in animals,
  8:52

infant mortality in smokers vs. non-
smokers and, 829
infants of future smokers, smokers,
nonsmokers, and ex-smokers,
  8:2627

BLADDER NEOPLASMS
amines and, 14:47
artificial sweeteners and, 5:47
correlation with pancreatic ne+
   plaams. 5:47

male vs. female smokers, 54547
mortality ratio in smokers, 54546
risk in ex-smokers, 546
smoking and occupational exposure
  and, 5~47

smoking and occupational exposure
to aromatic amines and, 7:16
smoking and radiation and, 1296
smoking and, summary of findings,
  1:17

smoking in coal gas workers and,
  7:16

smoking in etiology of, 545-47
BLOOD CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
albumin, creatinine and uric acid lev-
  els in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
   12:40, 12%

effect of cessation of smoking, 12:87
effect of smoking, summary of find-
ings, 1:26

BLOOD CHOIXSTBROL LEVELS
in atherosclerosis induction in ani-
   mals, 4:9

in cigarette vs. cigar vs. pipe smok-
elg, 4:61, 139

coronary heart disease and, 4:6162
effect of carbon monoxide in ani-
  mals, 4:17, 61

effect of smoking levels, 4:62
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:61-62
in smokers vs. nonsmokers vs. ex-
  smokers, 1283-84

BLOOD CIRCULATION
(See &o HEMODYNAMICS)
effect of smoking, 454
in maintenance of smoking habit,
   15:19-26

smokers vs. nonsmokers, 15:12-13
BLOOD COAGULATION
effect of tobacco proteins, 469
smokers vs. nonsmokers, I284-85
smoking and thrombosis and, 4:59
BLGOD GLUCOSE
levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
    12%

BLOOD LIPIDS
effect of tobacco smoke and constitu-
   ents on levels in animals, 4:61
levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
    1255

levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers vs.
   ex-smokers, I2:83-84
BLOOD PLATRLEI'S
effect of smoking, 12:%85
BLQOD PRESSURE
(See ah HYPERTENSION)
effect of cigar smoking, 1334
effect of cigarette smoke vs. nico-
   tine, 14:87

effect of involuntary smoking in
  children, 112'7
effect of nicotine, 458, 14:79
effect of nicotine and oxprenolol,
  1254

effect of nicotine and propranolol,
  1253

effect of nicotine vs. cotinine, 14:91
effect of pipe smoking, 13%
effect of propranolol in smokers,
  12:37

effect of smoke inhalation in cats,
  14:77

effect of smoking, 12:15-16
effect of smoking in enclosed spaces,
  1127

ex-smokers, 4:57
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:57
BLOOD PROTRINS
levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
    12%

BODY HEIGHT
s- children, effect of maternal smoking,
   8:21-23

infants, effect of maternal smoking,
  8: 19-21


BODY WBIGBT
(See also OBESITY)
blood pressure in smokers vs. ex-
   smokers and, 4~57
children, effect of maternal smoking,
    821-23

effect of cessation of smoking, 15:21
effect of smoking during pregnancy,
  824

effect of tobacco smoke in pregnant
animals, 858

BORON TRIFLUORIDE
smoking and occupational exposure,
    7:7

BOSTON COLLABGRATIYB DRUG
  SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM
clinical drug effects in smokers vs.
   nonsmokers, 1235-37
BRAIN

effect of nicotine, 158
BREAST FEEDING
(See ah LACTATION)
maternal smoking and, 851
maternal smoking and, research
   needs, 8:78-79

in smokem vs. nonsmokers, 848
tobacco factory workers and, 8:48
BRRATH

carbon monoxide content as measure
  of tobacco usage, 1590
BRITISH PERINATAL MORTALITY
STUDY 8-29, 8~42
BroneKal clearance
  See TRACBROBRONCHLU
  CLEARANCE

BRONCHIAL NEOPLASMS
(See also LUNG NEOPLASMS)
pipe smoking in etiology of, 1328-29
BRONCHITIS

(See also BRONCHOPULMONARY
DISEASES; CHRONIC OBSTRUC-
TIVE LUNG DISEASE; OB-
STRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES)
in coal miners , 1335
effect of smoking on mortality, 2:41
mortality in cigar vs. cigarette vs.
pipe smokers, 1334-35
prevalence in the United States, 6:19
small airways function and, 6:18
in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 6:39
smoking and, summary of findings,
  1:18

smoking in etiology of, 3:5

smoking in gold miners and, 7~15
BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES
(See also BRONCHITIS; CHRONIC
  OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DISEASE:
  OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DIS-
  EASES)
air pollution and occupational expo
   sure and, 1:19
antitrypsin deficiency and, 1:19
cigar and pipe smoking and, summa-
   ry of findings, 1~28
heredity and, 1:19
smoking and, summary of findings,
    1:18-19
BUSES

effect of involuntary smoking on
   nonsmokers, 11:26
BUSINESSMEN
cessation of smoking, 22:19
BYSSINOSIS

(h'ee Cd80 OCCUPATIONAL DIS-
EASES)
smoking in cotton workers and, 7:9

CADMIUM

(See also METALS)
content in mainstream cigarette
smoke, 1480

levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  1273

occupational hazards, 7 : 15
CAPPRINB

consumption and cessation of smok-
ing, 1829

consumption and smoking as factors
  in heart disease, 18:14
consumption in smokers vs. nonsmok-
  ers, 18:13. 18:15
effect of aromatic hydrocarbons on
pharmacokinetics in rats, 12:32-
  38

effect of benzo(a)pyrene on clearance
   in rats, 12:32-X!
CALCIUM

(See also METALS)
blood levels in smokers vs. nonsmok-
   ers, 1284
CANADIAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIA-
  TION
hospital smoking policy recommenda-
   tions, 2220


CANADIAN PUBLIC BEALTB ASSO-
  CIATION
members' smoking attitudes, 22:7,
    22:15
Cancer

  See NEOPLASMS
CANNABIS

(See also DRUG ABUSE; MARI-
JUANA )
effect on enzyme activity in animals
   and man, 124243
CARBARYL

smoking and occupational exposure,
  7:7

CARBOHYDR4TES
effect of smoking on metabolism,
   1265

CARBON DIOXIDE
assimilation, and tobacco leaf quality,
   14:15

cardiovascular diseases and, 4:62
CARBON DISULFIDE
cardiovascular diseases and, 4:62
CARBON MONOXIDE
absorption, 14:98
animal model for hyperkinesis, 865
in aortic aneurysm etiology, 4:56
atherosclerosis and, 4:18
calculation of buildup in enclosed
   spaces, 11%

effect of low level exposure on angi-
na pectoris patients, 11:30, 1134
effect of low level exposure on
chronic obstructive lung disease
patients, 11:31

effect of low level exposure on core-
nary patients, 1130
effect of maternal exposure on fetal
growth in rata, 860
effect on arteries in animals, 4:56
effect on blood cholesterol levels in
animals, 4:17, 4:61
effect on carboxyhemoglobin levels
in dogs and monkeys, 1430
effect on cardiovascular system in
guinea pigs, 14:79
effect on cardiovascular system in
monkeys, 1430

effect on cerebrovsscular circulation,
  4:50

effect on exercise induced angina
pectoris, 4:47

effect on fertility and pregnancy
  outcome in rats, 8:60
effect on fetal growth in animals,
  8:52

effect on fetus, research needs, 8:80
effect on heart in monkeys with
myocardial infarction, 440
effect on hemoglobin levels and red
cell mass, 12:82-33
effect on intermittent claudication,
  454

effect on ischemia, 439
effect on lung function and cardio-
vascular system, 11558
effect on maternal and fetal carbox-
yhemoglobin levels, 8:71-72
effect on maternal and fetal oxygen
tension, 8:61, 8:72
effect on maternal and fetal oxy-
hemoglobin saturation curves,
  8:62, 8:72

effect on mother and fetus after
maternal exposure in monkeys,
  865

effect on newborn animals, 865
effect on pregnant mother and fetus
in animals, 8:57
effect on psychomotor performance,
  11:28, 1134

effect on tissue oxygenation, 8:61
effect on smoking habit, 15:6
hypoxia of sheep fetus and, 8S3-65
in maintenance of smoking habit,
  15:X

maternal-fetal exchange in sheep,
  8:59

maternal-fetal exchange in sheep
and dogs, 858

metabolism in maintenance of smok-
ing habit, 15:17

monitoring in cessation studies, 19:7,
  19:20

myocardial infarct and, 420
occupational hazards, 7%
reduction methods, 14:114
smoke dosimetry and, 14:75
smoking and ambient air quality
  standard, 11:21

in sudden cardiac death induction in
cholesterol-fed monkeys, 4%


CARBON MONOXIDE LEVELS
  (See also CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN
LEVELS)
in breath, and carboxyhemoglobin
   levels in blood, 15:30
in cigar smoke, 1433
in cigar vs. cigarette smoke, 12:12
in cigar vs. pipe smoke, 14:104
in cigarette smoke, 1433
effect of filters, 14:105
effect of smoking in airplanes and
   buses, 11%

effect of smoking in enclosed spaces,
  11:15, 1133-34

in main- and side&ream smoke, 11:15
reduction in cigarette smoke, 14:104
in tobacco smoke, and health charac-
teristics, 3:ll

in various tobacco products, 11:15
CARBOXYBEMOGLOBIN LEVELS
  (See also CARBON MONOXIDE
LEVELS)
angina pectoris, intermittent claudi-
  cation and myocardial infarction
   and, 454

carbon monoxide occupational expo-
  sure in smokers vs. nonsmokers
and, 73

cigarette smoke inhalation and, 2:21
in determination of inhalation levels
in cigar and pipe smokers, 13:18
effect of carbon monoxide in dogs
and monkeys, 14:80
effect of involuntary smoking, 11:21,
  1123

effect on driving ability, 11:2%29
effect on fetal blood flow, 8:7273
effect on fetal mortality in sheep,
  8:62-63

effect on maternal and fetal oxygen
tension, 8:61-64, 8:72-73
as indicatoi of carbon monoxide in
  blood, 3:l2

in infants of smokers vs. nonsmok-
  ers, 8:69

maternal, effect of smoke inhalation
in pregnant sheep, 8~53
matemsl, effect on placental oxygen
consumption, 8:6S69
maternal and fetal, effect of carbon
  monoxide, 8:70-72
maternal and fetal, effect of mater-
nal smoking, 8:70

maternal and fetal, in monkeys, 8:65
maternal and fetal, in nonsmokers,
  8:70

maternal and fetal, in rabbits, 860
maternal and fetal, in sheep, 8:5&59,
  8:61

maternal and fetal, oxyhemoglobin
   saturation curves and, 8:6%63
in measuring tobacco usage, 1529
in methylene chloride workers, 7:%9
monitoring in smoking cessation, 19:7
in nonsmokers, 1123
in nonsmoking blood donors, 11%
ss smoke inhalation indicator, 14:75
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
levels in tobacco varieties, 14:57
CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN
in colonic neoplasm diagnosis, 12:5%
    62

levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  12:61-62

levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers vs.
   ex-smokers, 12:86
in lung neoplasm diagnosis, 12:61
CARCINOGENESIS
(See also NEOPLASMS)
catechols and, 14:106
cigarette tar and beta radiation in
   mice, 7:lO

effect of polyaromatic hycrocarbon
  reduction, 14:109
interaction of carcinogens, cocarcino
gens and tumor promoters, 5:54-
  55

isoprenoids in, 14:49
mechanisms, 5:5358
multi-stage model, 5:58
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in,
  14:5152

role of enzyme activity, 5:55, 57
tobacco in animals, 5:5354
tobacco in animals, summary of
   methods, 5:5&X5
tobacco tars in animals, 13:31-32
CARCINOGENS
  (See also COCARCINOGENS; TU-
MOR PROMOTERS)
cigar and pipe tobacco condensates,
    I:28

in cigar vs. cigarette vs. pipe tars,
  133932

cigarette smoke constituents, 1:30
metals in tobacco, 14:5%66


in tobacco smoke gas phase, 554-55
tobacco smoke PAH structural for-
mulae, 1453

in tobacco smoke particulate phase,
554-56, 14:65

CARDIOVASCULAR CURRICULUM
  EDUCATION PROJECT
programmed instruction, 23:19, 23:21-
    22

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(See ah CORONARY HEART
DISEASE; CEREBROVASCULAR
DISEASES; ISCHEMIA; MYO-
cARDL4L INFARCT}
atherosclerosis in etiology of, 4:8
cessation of smoking as preveutive
   medicine, 4%

cessation of smoking in patients,
  22:18, 22:17

cigar and pipe smoking and, summa-
ry of findings, 128
cigar smoking in etiology of, 13:32-
  34

effect of involuntary smoking, 11:29-
  30

effect of oral contraceptives and
smoking on risk, 4S9-61
effect of smoking on mortality ratio,
  2:39

mortality in cigar vs. cigarette vs.
pipe smokers, 1333-34
mortality ratio in smokers vs. non-
smokers in Japan, 4:21, 434-35
nicotine and, 14:79
pipe smoking in etiology of, 13:32-34
research needs, 4S4-66
smoking and, summary of findings,
  IS-15

smoking and carbon monoxide occu-
pational exposure and, 7:8
sudden cardiac death, 4:42-B
tobacco smoke constituents and,
  4:62-63

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  (See also ARTERIES; ARTERI-
OLES; HEART)
allergic response to tobacco, lo:2223
effect of carbon monoxide exposure,
    11:2?-28

effect of carbon monoxide in guinea
pigs, 14:79

effect of carbon monoxide in mon-
keys, 1439

effect of cessation of smoking,
  152%21, 1523

effect of nicotine, 12:52-54, 1439
effect of nicotine in animals with
  coronary heart disease, 440
effect of nicotine or tobacco smoke
in animals with myocardial in-
farct, 4%

effect of propranolol and nicotine,
  1253

effect of propranolol in smokers,
  1237

effect of rapid smoking, 19:2&26
effect of smoke inhalation, 14:74-75
effect of smoking, 15:l2-13, 15:19
maternal and fetal, effect of nicotine
   injection in animals, 8:5556
CASING MATJ3RfA.W
effect on smoke constituents, 1428
CATRCHOIAMINES
effect of nicotine in rata, 14:88
effect of nicotine on levels, 14:78,
    14x3

effect of smoking on plasma levels,
  1438

fatty acids and, 14%
hyperglycemia and, 1490
smoking habit and, 15:8
CATBCHOIS

in mainstream cigarette smoke, 1454
reduction in gas phase cigarette
smoke, 14:196

in side&ream cigarette smoke, 1454
structural formulae, 14:56
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
effect of carbon monoxide and nico-
   tine on blood circulation, 450
effect of cessation of smoking, 15:21
effect of cigarette smoke, 15:ll
effect of nicotine, 14:89
effect of smoking, 15:1%19
fetal and neonatal, effect of mater-
   nal nicotine injection in animals,
   856-57

CEREBROVASCULAB DISEASES
  (See also CARDIOVASCULAR DIS-
  EASES)
animal models, 4:49-50
cigar smoking in etiology of, 13:32-
   33
clinical diagnostic classification, 4:49


effect of smoking on risk, 450-52
mortality rates and ratios in male
  vs. female smokers vs. nonsmok-
  ers, 4:51

pipe smoking in etiology of, 13:3X%3
research needs, 4:52
risk factors, 4:49
smoking and, summary of findings,
  1:lP15

smoking in etiology of, 450
CESSATION OF SMOKING
  (See ah ANTISMOKING CAM-
PAIGNS; PREVENTION OF
SMOKING; WITHDRAWAL CLIN-
ICS)
adult programs, 21:X-15, 2122-26
age groups and sex ratio and, 3:18
antismoking campaigns and, 19910
behavioral interventions, 16:14-18,
    19:19-29

businamen, 22:19
cardiovascular diseases and, summary
of findings, 1:14-15
college students, 22:18
coronary heart disease prevention
programs, 19:lP16, 1934. 21:24-
  25

counseling, 19:X2-14
degree of deprivation and, 152'7
drug therapy, 19:16-17
early behavioral effects, 1522
early physiological effects, 1520-22
effect on bladder neoplasm risk, 545
effect on blood chemical analysis,
  1287

effect on blood circulation, 454
effect on calcium and iodine levels
in blood, 12:84

effect on carcinoembryonic antigen
levels, 12%

effect on coronary heart disease
morbidity and mortality ratios,
428-q 434-35, 4-38
effect on enzyme activity, 12:41
effect on laryngeai neoplasm risk,
534, 5:37-38

effect on lung function, 622-23
effect on lung neoplasm risk and
mortality ratio, 534-26
effect on morbidity, summary of
findings, l:E!-13

effect on mortality, 226-30
effect on mortality ratio, summary
of findings, 1:ll
evaluation of programs, 1:32-33
hypnosis, 19:17-U?
laryngeal neoplasms and, summary
of findings, 1:X-17
long term physiological effects,
  15:~24

lung neoplasma and, summary of
findings, 1:16

medical students, 22:18
methods, 19:X-30
motivation, 18: 1920
myocardial infarct patients, 19:14
nicotine pharmacology and, 1494,
  14:97

obesity and, 12:67
patients with respiratory or cardio
  vascular diseases, 22:18
personality and, 18:17-18, 18:21-22
personality of smokers vs. nonsmok-
ers, vs. ex-smokers and, 1524
physician's advice and, 3:15-B, 21:ll
pregnant women, 22:16, 22:18, 22%
as preventive medicine for cardiovas-
cular diseases, 466
program in Sweden, 19:15
recidvism, 15:2%23
research design, 16:17, 195.9, 19:32-
  36

self-motivated, 1933, 19:35, 21:15
smoker's reporting and, 15:31
Smoking Withdrawal Study Center
  (Toronto), 19:ll
tobacco withdrawal syndrome time
  course, 15:26

and weight gain, 19:31
withdrawal clinics in Great Britain,
    19:15
Chewing gufn

See NICOTINE CHEWING GUM;
  ANTITOBACCO CHEWING GUM
CHILDREN

(See ah INFANTS)
attitudes toward smoking, 1756
effect of involuntary smoking on ai-
lergies, lo:14

effect of involuntary smoking on
heart rate and blood pressure,
  1127

effect of maternal smoking during


  pregnancy, 8:21-23
effect of parental smoking, 11:31
effect of parental smoking on respi-
ratory disease prevalence, 11:32,
  11:34

Health Activities Project, 2120
smoking and respiratory tract dis-
   eases, 6:ll
CHLORINE

occupational hazards, i':lO
CIILOROMETIIYL ETHERS
occupational hazards, 7:15-16
and smoking in lung neoplasm etiolc+
   gy, 5s
Cholesterol

See BLOOD CHOLESTEROL LEV-
ELS

CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE LUNG DIS-
  EASE

(See ah BRONCHITIS; BRON-
CHOPULMONARY DISEASES;
EMPBYSEMA; OBSTRUCTIVE
AIRWAY DISEASES; RESPIRA-
TORY TRACT DISEASES)
air pollution and, 6:36
cigar smoking in etiology of, 13:34-
  38

effect of low level carbon monoxide
exposure, 11:31

effect of smoking on mortality, 2:41
mortality, 6:lO
mortality in cigar vs. cigarette vs.
pipe smokers, 1334-35
nitrogen oxide absorption and, 1499
pipe smoking in etiology of, 133438
small airways function and, 6:11-12
small airways function and respira-
  tory symptoms and, 6:13, 6:18
smoking and air pollution and, 6:37
smoking and antitrypsin deficiency
  and, 634

smoking and heredity and, 6:3&36
smoking and occupational exposure
  to dust and, 6:36
smoking and socioeconomic status
  and, 6:38

smoking as risk factor, research rec-
   ommendations, 6:4142
smoking history and, 6:lO
Chronic obutrwtive pulmonary diaeaae
  See CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
  LUNG DISEASE
Cigar smoke

See SMOKE, CIGAR
CIGARE'ITE CONSUMF'TION
(See also SMOKING LBVEIS)
annual per capita, United States
   1925-1959, A:5

annual per capita, United States
  1950-19'78, A:5

annual per capita, United States
1963-1977, A:7

changes from 1963-1977, A:6
effect of composition, A:&19
FTC, DOA, and Maxwell Report sta-
  tistics, A:6

historical trends in the United
states, 1:5

increase in adults over time, A:17
low-tar brands, A:20-21
reasons for increase, A:17
in the United States, A:2223, 14:13
CIGARETI'E MANUFACTURING
effect on carcinogenicity, 1429-30
effect on cigarette smoke constitu-
   ents, 1428-36

levels in the United States, 14:ll
role in smoke constituent delivery,
  14:9

tobacco types in the United States
  and, 14:13

CIGARE'ITE PAPER
effect on carbon monoxide levels,
    14:104

effect on smoke constituents, 1429
effect on temperature profile, 14%
Cigarette smoke

See SMOKE, CIGARETTE
Cigarette smoke, gan phase
  See GAS PIIASE. CIGARETI'E
  SMOKE
Cigarette smoke. particulate phaee


See PARTICULATE PHASE, CIG-
AREl'IX SMOKE; TARS, CIGA-
  RElTE
Cigarette smoking
  See SMOKING
Cigarette tam

See TARS, CIGARE'ITE
CIGARElTES

(See also SMOKE, CIGARETTE;
SMOKERS; SMOKING, CIGA-
RE'ITE; TOBACCO, CIGARElTE)
effect of design on ciliatoxicity,
  14:105

effect of nicotine and tar content on
mortality, 222

effect of static burning temperature
  on smoke formation, 14:36
experimental, carcinogenicity, 14:29-
  30

manufacturing levels, 14:ll
nicotine reduction, 14:44
phenol levels in filtered vs. nonfil-
t&Ted, 14:57

pyrolysis reactions, 14:9
sales weighted average tar content
  1954-197'7, A:19
tar reduction, 14:43
temperature profiles, 14:35-36
United States Government definition,
  13:lO

CIGAREITES, FILTER
consumption patterns, A:23
increase in consumption, A:19
CIGARETTES, HIGH-NICOTINE
anxiety levels and, 16:7-8
effect on self-regulation of smoking,
    16:19

CIGARITI'ES, LESS HAZARDOUS
effect on coronary heart disease
   mortality rates, 438
effect on laryngeal neoplasm risk,
   5334-36

effect on lung neoplasm mortality
ratio, 5:15-l?

effect on lung neoplasm risk, 5:16,
  5:lb19

effect on mortality ratio, 1:ll
effect on mortality ratio in males vs.
  females, 2:2%25
isoprenoids and, 14:49

nicotine reduction and, 14:lOS
research and development, 1:31
research recommendations, 14:l2O
tar reduction and, 14:108
CIGARE'I-IXS, LOW-NICOTINE
anxiety levels and, 16T-3
consumption trends, 16:1&-U, 1929
degree of deprivation and, 1527
dependence and, 14:98
effect on mortality ratio, 223
effect on self-regulation of smoking,
    16:19

promotion in hospital setting, 2222
smoker preference, 15%
CIGARETI'ES, LOW-TAR
  (See also CIGARElTES, LESS
  HAzARDous)
consumption patterns, A:%21
market share 1967-1978, A:%21
trends in tar and nicotine content,
    A:23-24
CIGARE'ITES, NON-NICOTINE
as reinforcers, 16:%9
CIGARE'ITES, NONTOBACCO
effect on ciliary activity in pro&
   moans, 6~32
patellar reflexes and, 14:92
CIGARS
  (See also SMOILE, CIGAR; SMOK-
  ERS, CIGAR; SMOKING, CIGAR:
  TOBACCO, CIGAR)
consumption in the United States,
    14:13
effect of manufacturing process,
    14:30
smoking characteristics of ex-ciga-
   rette smokers, 19:29
tar levels, 14:44
United States Government definitio
    13:lO
CIGARS, LI'ITLE
effect of filters on nitrogen oxide
   content, 14%
nicotine levels, 14:44, 14:87
tar levels, 14:44
CILIARY ACTIVITY
  (See also MUCOCILIARY
  SYSTEM)
effect of cigarette smoke, 6:32
effect of phenol, 14:81


effect of smoke from nontobacco cig-
arettes in protozoans, 633
effect of smoking, 1O:lP15
effect of tobacco smoke, 6:32
gas phase cigarette smoke and,
  14:195

CILIATOXICITY
agent reduction methods, 14:114
cigar smoke, 13:3637
cigarette design and, 14:105
effect of carbon filters, 14:167
effect of charcoal filtration, 14:195
gas phase, cigarette smoke, 14:196
gas phase, tobacco smoke, 55455
reduction in gas phase, cigarette
   smoke, 14:164-105
COAL

dust, occupational hazards, 7:9
COCARCINOGENS
  (See alao CARCINOGENS; TUMOR
PROMOTERS)
asbestos and cigarette smoke, 528
catechols and cigarette smoke, 14:196
polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons,
    14:52

role in carcinogenesis, 554
in tobacco smoke particulate phase,
  554-55

uranium and cigarette smoke, 523
coffee
  See CAFFEINE

COLLARORATIVE PERINATAL
PROJJZCT OF THE NINCDS. 8:30,
  8:45

  COLONIC NEOPLASMS
   carcinoembryonic antigen test in di-
     agnosis of, 12:5962
COMMiJNITY PROGRAMS
   antismoking education, 23:lP15
   D-day project (Monticello, Minneso
     ta), 2125

CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS
effect of carbon monoxide exposure
   in pregnant rata, 860-61
effect of maternal' nicotine injection
   in mice, 854

CONTINGENCY CONTRACTING
aversive therapy and, 1936
modification of smoking behavior,
   19:21-z& 1923-29

stimulus control treatment and, 16:16

CONTRACEPTIVES, ORAL
cardiovascular diseases and smoking
   and, summary of findings, 1:14
effect on high density lipoprotein
   levels, 4:62

interactive effect with smoking on
cardiovascular disease risk, 450,
  460-61

interactive effect with smoking on
myocardial infarct risk, 4:35
interactive effect with smoking on
subarachnoid hemorrhage risk,
  4:6@61

mortality risk compared with preg-
nancy and childbirth, 12:52
myocardial infarct and smoking and,
  l2:5152

stroke and smoking and, 12:51
thromboemboliim and smoking and,
4:59, l2:51

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SER-
  VICE

dissemination of health information,
  2122

CORONARY HEART DISEASE
  (See also ANGINA PEZTORIS;
  ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ISCHEMIA;
MYOCARDLU'INFARCT;
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH;
   THROMBOSIS)
aortic aneurysm and, 455
atherosclerosis in etiology of, 4:7
cigar smoking in etiology of, 13:32-,
    33

effect of age, smoking duration and
smoking levels on annual proba-
bility of death, 435
effect of low level carbon monoxide
exposure, 11:30

effect of physical activity in smok-
  ers, 438

heredity and, 466
high density lipoprotein levels and,
  4:61-62

morbidity and mortality r&s and
ratios in ex-smokers, 423-31,
4:3435,4-38

morbidity and mortality ratios in
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:2%X$
  436-37

mortality ratio in smokers, 239
nicotine and, 1439
pipe smoking in etiology of, 13:32-33


risk factors, 4:21, 436
smoking and, 4:21
smoking and hypertension and, 458
sudden cardiac death and, 4:41-43
CORONARY PRBVBNTION PRO-
  GRAMS

effect on cessation of smoking,
   19:lP16, 19:34, 2124-25
North Karelia Project, 19:15
workplace detection program, 22:16
   17, 22:19
Coet

  See ECONOMICS
COTININE

(See also ALKALOIDS, TOBACCO;
NICOTINE METABOLITES)
in amniotic fluid after maternal in-
jection in animals, 854
effect on blood pressure and heart
rate, 14:91

levels in measuring tobacco usage,
  15:30

metabolism, 14%
relative molar potency in cigarette
  smoke, 1496

as smoke inhalation indicator, 14:75
structural formula, 1446
CO'ITON

dust, occupational hazards, 7:9
COUGH

effect of chloromethyl ether exposure
   in smokers vs. nonsmokers, 7:16
Curine

  See TOBACCO CURING
CYANIDES

  (See ah HYDROGEN CYANIDE;
THIOCYANATE LEVEIS)
absorption, 14%
in cigarette smoke, 14:3940
effect on hemoglobin levels and red
   cell mass, 12%
Cyclopentanediines
  See HETEROCYCLIC COM-
  POUNDS

CrnHROME 65
role in drug metabolism, 12:11, 12:13
CYTOCHROME P-W-J
role in drug metabolism, 12:7-8,
   12:lwal

spectral properties, 12:18-26
storage and activity sites, 12:16

cYTocHRoME P1450
effect of aromatic hydrocarbons,
    12:7-8
effect of aromatic hydrocarbons on
   synthesis, 12:17-20
spectral properties, 1231~20

D-DAY PROJECT (MONTICELLO,
  MINNESOTA)
community cessation program, 21%
DDT
in breast milk of smoking mothers,
    8:51
as tobacco residue, 14:61
DENTISTS
antismoking advice to patients,
   21:11-E?, 22:16-17
smoking habits, 22:l2-14
DEPENDENCE
effect of smoking characteristics,
   14:97, 15%
low-nicotine cigarettes and, 14:98
in maintenance of smoking habit,
    15:17-18
nicotine and, 1497
tobacco withdrawal syndrome and,
    1524-25
DEPRIVATION
effect of gradual reduction, 1527
low-nicotine cigarettes and, 1527
DERMATITIS, CONTACT
in tobacco workers, 1023
DEXAMElWASONR
effect of smoking on corticosteroid
   secretion, 12:37
DIABETES
peripheral vascular disease in smok-
   ers vs. nonsmokers and, 453
DIBENZ(a, &4NTHRACENE
structural formula, 1453
DIENBS
in cigarette smoke, 14:41
DIET
in atherosclerosis induction in ani-
   mals, 4:9
pancreatic neoplasms and, 5:51
DIETHYLNFTROSAMINE
  (See also NITROSAMINE CON-
  TENT: NITROSAMINES)
effect of smoking on levels in enc-
   losed spaces, 11%
in lung neoplasm induction in ham-
   sters, 5:30


DINITRO-ORTHO-CREOSOL
smoking and occupational exposure,
    7:7

cotton, "Monday morning fever" and,
  7:9

DIURNAL VARIATIONS
in smoking habit, 1525-26
DOSIMEI'RY

cotton, obstructive airway diseases
  and, 7:9-10

gold, chronic bronchitis and, 7:15
rubber, occupational hazards, 7:13

effect of carbon monoxide levels,
  14:75

ECONOMICS

in smoke inhalation methodology,
  14:74

DRMNG ABILITY
effect of alcohol and carbon monox-
   ide, 1129

cigarette cost and cessation, l&l9
cigarette cost and consumption,
  18:2%24

cigar&k tax revenues, 21:13
EMPHYSEMA

effect of carboxyhemoglobin levels,
  11%

DRUG ABUSE
(See also CANNABIS; MARIJUA-
NA)
attitudes and smoking habit, l&10
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 18:13-15
smoking in youth and, 17%
DRUG METABOLISM
(See also PHARMACODYNAMICS;
PHARMAcoK.INETIcs )
effect of aromatic hydrocarbons,
    12:7-g

(See also BRONCHOPULMONARY
DISEASES; CHRONIC OBSTRUC
TIVE LUNG DISEASE)
antitrypsin deficiency in etiology of,
  6:M

effect of smoking, summary of find-
ings, 125-26

in coal miners , 1335
effect of smoking on mortality, 2:41
enzyme induction and, 628
mortality in cigar vs. cigarette vs.
pipe smokers, 334-35
prevalence in the United States, 620
small airways function and, 6:18
smoking and, 625
smoking and, summary of findings,
  1:s19

ethanol, in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  12:39

mechanisms of enzyme induction,
  12:2&22

smoking in etiology of, 3:5
smoking in uranium miners and, 7:14
smoking levels and lung pathology,
  624

role of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase,
  12:7-g

role of cytochrome bg, 12:11, 12:13
role of cytochrome P-450, 12:7-8,
  12:10-26

role of microsomal electron transport
   system, 12:10-15
role of microsomal mixed function
   oxidase systems, 12:1G??
role of NADPH reductase, 12:10-15
warfarin, effect of smoking, 125.5
DRUG THERAPY
smoking cessation and, 19:1617
Duodenal ulcer
See ULCER, PEPTIC
DUODENOGASTRIC REFLUX
effect of smoking, 9:16
DUST

Employee programs
  See WORKPLACE PROGRAMS
ENVIRONMENT
effect on mortality, 2:42
ENZYME ACTIVITY
  (See also ARYL HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE)
in cotinine metabolism, 1494
effect of aromatic hydrocarbons,
    12:7-g

effect of cessation of smoking, 12:41
effect of cigarette smoke conden-
  sates, 629

effect of cigarette smoke constitu-
  ents, 12:7

effect of narijuana, 12:4243
effect of methylcholanthrene, 12:21-

22

coal, obstructive airway diseases and,    effect of nicotine, 1227-28, 14:87
  7:9                  effect of nicotine in rat intestines,

cotton, byssinosis and, 7:9

12:76


effect of nitric oxide in rats, 14:81
effect of smoke inhalation in dogs,
  14:78

effect of smoking, 125-26, 5:57,
  12:&9

effect of tobacco smoke, 10:16,
   1227-28, 12:75-76
in emphysema etiology, 6%
mechanism of induction in drug me-
   tabolism, 1229-22
nicotine metabolism and, 14:87
role in carcinogenesis, 5:55, 5:57
role of RNA and protein synthesis,
   12:21-22
ENZYMES

(See also ARYL HYDROCARBON
HYDROXYLASE)
alkaline phosphatase, l2:76
aminoazo dye Ndemethylase, 12:9
guanylate cyclase, 1486-81
role of microsomal mixed function
oxidase systems in drug metabc-
lism, 12:16-22, 12-76
role of NADPH reductase in drug
metabolism, 12:10-15
serum glutamic oxalacetic transami-
  nase, 1284

EPIDEMIOLUGY
American Cancer Society O-State
  Study, 2:15

American Cancer Society 25State
Study, 2:12, 2:14
British Doctors Study, 2:12
California men in various occupa-
tions, 2:15

Canada Veterans Study, 2:1415
Japanese Study, 2:14
smoking related mortality studies,
  2:13

Swedish Study, 2:15
United States Veterans Study, 2:14
ERYTHROCYTES
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 128283
ESOPHAGEAL NEOPLASMS
alcohol consumption and smoking in
  etiology of, 54344, 132.526
animal models, 5:44
induced by benxo(a)pyrene and etha-
   nol in animals, 5:44
induced by nitrosamines in animals,
   5:44

mortality in cigar vs. cigarette vs.
pipe smokers, 1324-25

mortality ratio in cigar and pipe
  smokers, 5:43

mortality ratio in smokers, 5:4243
relative risk ratio in cigar vs. ciga-
   rette vs. pipe smokers, 1326
smoking and, summary of findings,
    1:17
ESOPHAGUS

effect of smoking, 5:4.4
effect of smoking and alcohol con-
   sumption, 132526
ESTROGENS

effect on heart attack risk in males,
  4:61

myocardial infarct and smoking and,
    12:52
Ethanol

  See ALCOHOL
EX-SMOKERS
absenteeism, 38, 3:13
activity limitation, 3:14
annual probability of dying, 2:36-34
bladder neoplasm risk, 5:46
blood chemical analysis, 12:87
blood circulation, 454
blood lipid levels, 1283
blood pressure, 4:57
calcium and iodine levels in blood,
    12:&l

carcinoembryonic antigen levels,
  12:86

chronic obstructive lung disease and
mortality, 6:1&11
coronary heart disease morbidity and
mortality rates and ratios, 4%~
31, 434-35, 438
effect of smoking duration and
smoking levels on mortality ratio,
  228-29

heart conditions, 3:1617, 3:19
hospitalization, 3:lP16
laryngeal neoplasm risk, 534, 5:37-38
leukocyte count, 12:81
lung function, 623
lung function and sex ratio, 623
lung neoplasm mortality ratio, 5:24-

26

morta!ity, 226-30
mortality and years since quitting,
  22730, 22.5

mortality in cigar and pipe smokers,
  13:8


mortality ratio and reasons for quit-
ting, 227-29

myocardial infarct, 4:21
perception of health status, 3:lP15
personality and cessation of smoking
  15-24

physician visits, 3:15, 3:17
respiratory tract diseases in young
  adults, 6:l2

small airways function, 6:lP16
smoking levels and lung pathology,
624, 6:ZJ

EXCESS DEATHS
(See also MORTALITY)
age groups in the United States,
   2:ll

definition, 2:ll
EXERCISE

(See ah PHYSICAL ACTWITY)
effect of smoke inhalation in dogs,
  14:77-78

effect of smoke inhalation in rats,
  1437

EXTRAVERSION
cessation of smoking and, 18:17-18
maintenance of smoking and, 185-7
EYE IRRITATION
effect of smoking in enclosed spaces,
    11%

effect of tobacco smoke, lo:21
effect of ventilation rate, 1126-27

FATTY ACIDS
catecholamines and, 1496
effect of nicotine, 1496
effect of nicotine on levels in blood,
    12%
levels in cigarette smoke, 1458
FEDERAL CIGARETTE LABELLING
  AND ADYERTISING ACT, A:7
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COM-
  MISSION
Fairness Doctrine, 1823
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION
cigarette tar content and, 14:44
Females
  See WOMEN
Feminism
  See WOMEN'S MOYEMENT
FEIXL GROWTH
  (See also BIRTH WEIGHT)
effect of maternal exposure to car-
   bon monoxide, 866

effect of maternal smoking, 8:I2,
  8:17-19, 8:21

effect of maternal smoking, aumma-
ry of findings, 1:21
effect of maternal smoking in ani-
  mals, research needs, 8:78
effect of tobacco smoke in animals,
  8:52

maternal smoking and maternal
   weight gain and, 824-25
FETAL MORTALITY
  (See also MORTALITY; NEONA-
  TAL MORTALITY; PERINATAL
MORTALITY)
carboxyhemoglobin levels in sheep
   and, 8:62

effect of maternal smoking and ges-
   tational age, 843
effect of maternal smoking and oth-
   er factors, 8:41
research needs, 8:75
smoking, abruptio placentae, placenta
   previa and bleeding in pregnancy
   and, 8%
FJTlTJS

  (See. also PLACENTA; PREGNAN-
CY; PRETERM DELIYERY)
effect of maternal smoking, 8:67-68
effect of oxygen availability, 8:17
FIBER OPI'ICS
in tobacco analysis, 14:9
FIBROSIS

smoking in asbestos workers and,
  7:I2

smoking levels and asbestos expc+
  sure, 7:13

Filter cigareti
  See CIGARKITES, FILTER
FILTERS
effect on carbon dioxide content,
   1438, 14:104-105
effect on catechol content in gas
   phase cigarette smoke, 14:106
effect on ciliatoxic agent content,
   14:105, 14:107

effect on cyanide content, 1440
effect on laryngeal neoplasm risk,
  534-86

effect on lung neoplasm risk, 5:16,
  5:18-19

effect on nitrogen oxide content,
  1439

effect on nitrosamine content, 1439


effect on nitrosamine content in gas
phase cigarette smoke, 14:107
effect on phenol content, 1454,
  14:57, 14:106

effect on polonium-210 content,
  14:113

effect on smoke constituents, 1429
effect on tar delivery, 14:44
effect on temperature profile, 1435
summary of research and develop
   ment, 1:31
FLAVORINGS

in cigarette manufacturing, effect on
   smoke constituents, 142319
FLUORIDES, INORGANIC
smoking and occupational exposure,
    7:7
PLUOROCARRON POLYMERS
smoking and polymer fume fever,
   7:6
FORMALDEHYDE
smoking and occupational exposure,
4-R &
  See COOPERATIVE EXTENSION
  SERVICE
FRAMINGHAM HEART STUDY
angina pectoris, 4:46
high density lipoprotein levels in
   smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:6162
peripheral vascular disease, 453
sudden cardiac death, 443
FUROSEMIDE
effect of smoking on diuretic action,
   12:37, 1254
FUTURE SMOKERS
maternal, and infant birth weight,
   8:26-Z
maternal, and personality characteris-
   tics, 8:26

GAS PHASE, CIGARElTE SMOKE
chemical composition, 1438
ciliatoxic agent levels, 14:106
constituent levels, 15:67
constituents in main- vs. sidestream
   smoke, 11:6

definition, 1435
effect of filters on ciliatoxicity,

14:107

reduction of carbon monoxide, 14:104
reduct.ion of eatechols, 14:106

reduction of ciliatoxic agents, 14:195
reduction of phenols, 14:106
reduction of nitrosamines, 14:107
reduction of toxicity, 14:104
toxic agent levels, 14:44
toxicity reduction methods, 14:114
GASTRIC SECRETION
effect of nicotine, 9:1%14
effect of nicotine in cats, 9:1213
effect of smoking in peptic ulcer pa-
   tients and the normal population,
    9:13
Gastric ulcer

  See ULCER PEPl'IC
GASTRITIS
smoking in etiology of, 9:16
GEORGIA HEART ASSOCIATION
hypertension education program,
    21:21
GESTATION
effect of maternal nicotine injection
   in rats, 854
smoking and duration of, 318
GESTATIONAL AGE
effect of maternal smoking levels on
   birthweight, 8%
maternal smoking and birthweight,
    8:19
maternal smoking and risk for
   abruptio placentae, placenta pre-
   via, and premature membrane
   rupture, 8~44, 8:46
maternal smoking and risk for pre-
   term delivery, 844
GLUTETHIMIDE
pharmacokinetics in smokers vs. non-
   smoken, 1233
GLYCERIN
levels in cigarettes, 1463
GLYCOIS
levels in cigarettes, 1463
GOLD
dust, occupational hazards, 7:15
GROUP PROGRAMS
American Cancer Society, 19:lO
5-Day Plan, 19:10, 21:1.%16
hypnosis and, 19:17-18
SmokEnders, 19:11, 21:16
Smoking Withdrawal Study Centre,
    19:ll


HAHITUATION
opponent process model, 16:9-11,
    16.14-15

HEALTH ACTMTIES PROJECT
health education for children, 2126
HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMI-
NATION SURVRY, 3:11-E, 3:17
HEALTH EDUCATION
(See also SCHOOL PROGRAMS;
ADULT EDUCATION)
evaluation of School Health Curricu-
   lum Project, 20:21
information dissemination, 23:2728
nonschool antismoking programs for
   youth, 2022-24

role of health professionals, 22:14-19
role of schools, 17:15
Saskatoon Smoking Study, 20:11-K?,
  23%

summary of methodologies and pro-
grams, 1:33-34

teacher certification requirements,
  2323-31

Teenage Self Test, 2022
HEALTH INTRRYIEW SURVEY, 3%
  18

smoking prevalence data, A:13
smoking prevalence in white and
   black adults 1965-1976, A:15
HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
(See also PHYSICIANS; NURSES;
PHARMACISTS; DENTISTS)
cessation of smoking advice, 19:13
   14, 21:11-12

as health educators, 225-6, 22:14-19
as role models, 22:69
smoking habits, 22:9-14, 22%
HEART

(See also CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM; HEART RATE; MYO-
CARDIUM)
conditions, in smokers vs. nonsmokers
vs. ex-smokers, 3:1617, 3:19
effect of nicotine, 14:78
effect of smoke inhalation and exer-
cise in dogs, 14:78
effect of smoke inhalation in cats,
  14:77

function. in animals with coronary
  heart disease, 4:40

Heart disease

  See CARDIOVASCULAR DIS-
  EASES; CORONARY HEART DIS.
  EASE
HEART RATE

effect of involuntary smoking in
children, 1127

effect of nicotine, 458
effect of nicotine vs. cotinine, 14:91
effect of smoking, 12:15-16
fetal, effect of maternal smoking,
8:10, 8:67

sudden cardiac death and ventricular
fibrillation, 4:43

sudden cardiac death and ventricular
   premature beats, 4:42
HEMATOCRFT

infants of smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  8:69

smokers vs. nonsmokers, 12:82-83
HEMODYNAMICS
(See also BLOOD CIRCULATION)
effect of smoke inhalation in dogs,
    14:76

HEMOGLOBIN LEVEIS
  (See also CARBON MONOXIDE;
  CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN LEV-
ELS; ERYTHROCYTES)
effect of carbon monoxide, 12:82-83
effect of cyanide, 1233
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 12:82-X!
HEREDITY

atherosclerosis in animals and, 4:9
bronchopulmonary diseases and, 1:19
coronary heart disease and, 466
in establishing smoking habit, 15%
  10

lung neoplasms and, 523
smoking and chronic obstructive lung
disease risk, 635-36
smoking related mortality and, 2:41-
  42

HEIEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
(See also AROMATIC AMINES)
in cigarette smoke, 14:52, 14:57
structural formulae of tobacco smoke
   carcinogens, 14:55
weakly acidic, structural formulae,
    1456

HIGH DENSLTY LIPOPROTEINS
coronary heart disease and, 4:61-62
effect of oral contraceptives on lev-
   els, 4:62


effect of smoking on levels in males
vs. females, 4:61-62
levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  4:61-62

HOMOGENIZED LEAF CURING
  (See also TOBACCO CURING)
effect on smoking quality, 14:19
effect on tobacco leaf components,
    1427-28
HORMONES

antidiuretic, effect of nicotine on
secretion, 12:37
corticosteroids, effect of smoking on
  secretion, 12:37, 1240
effect of cessation of smoking,
  15:~24

effect of smoking, 1520
in establishing smoking habit, 15:lO
in maintenance of smoking habit, 15-
  20

HOSPITAL ADMISSION RATES
children, maternal smoking and,
   11:x3
smokers vs. nonsmokers vs. ex-smok-
   erg 3:lP16
HOSPITALS
smoking policies, 2220-23
HUMECTANTS
effect on smoke constituents, 1429
levels in mainstream cigarette smoke,
    14:68
HYDRAZINES
levels in cigarette smoke, 14:41
HYDROGEN CYANIDE
(See also CYANIDES)
cardiovascular diseases and, 4:62
occupational hazards, 7:7-8
pharmacology, 78
HYPERGLYCEMIA
induced by nicotine in cats, 1496
HYPERKINESIS
carbon monoxide in animal model,
   865
maternal smoking and, 823
HYPEROXIA
effect on atherosclerosis, 4:17
HYPERTENSION
  (See also BLOOD PRESSURE)
biological control mechanisms, 4:56
    57
cardiovascular and cerebrovascular
   diseases and, 4157
myocardial infarct and, 426

nicotine and, 14:79
research needs, 4:58
school health education program,
  21:21

smokers vs. nonsmokers, 4:57
HYPERSENSITIVITY
  (See also ALLERGY)
basic mechanisms, lo:15
classification, 10:9
HYPNOSIS

in smoking cessation, 19:17, 19:26
HYPOXIA

effect of carbon monoxide in sheep
fetus, 86365

effect on atherosclerosis, 4:17
effect on myocardium, 420
fetal, effect of maternal smoking,
  8:17

fetal mortality and, research needs,
  8:75

fetal response in sheep, 864

Illinois Antismoking Education Study
  See UNM3RNTY OF ILLINOIS
  ANTISMOKING EDUCATION
  STUDY
IMIPRAMINE

effect of smoking on pharmaeokinet-
  its, 1233

IMMUNE SYSTEM
B and T lymphocytes in smokers vs.
   nonsmokers, 6:31
effect of cigarette smoke in rabbits,
    lo:18

effect of cigarette smoke on anti-
body response in mice, 12:59
effect of cigarette smoke on humoral
immunity in mice, lo:18
effect of smoking, 10:14-Xl
effect of smoking on lymphocytes,
  10:17

effect of smoking, summary of find-
ings, 1:18-19, 123-24, 1%
effect of smoking on cellular ele-
  ments, 1020

effect of tobacco smoke, 6:36.31,
  10:5

hyperresponsiveness in smokers, lo:20
response to viral vaccines in smokers
  vs. nonsmokers, 12:5%59


INFANT MORTALITY
  (See also MORTALITY RISK;
NEONATAL MORTALITY; PERI-
NATAL MORTALITY)
birth weight in smoking vs. non-
   smoking mothers and, 829
black vs. white smoking mothers,
   828, 8:30

British Perinatal Mortality Study,
  829

Collaborative Perinatal Study of the
NINCDS (1959-1986), 8:30
effect of maternal smoking, 8:10,
  828, 8:32, 83435
effect of maternal smoking, age,
parity, and education, 82931,
  833

effect of maternal smoking and ges-
tational age, 8:43
effect of maternal smoking and pre-
term delivery, 842
etiology of perinatal death in smok-
  ers vs. nonsmokers, 8:3638
maternal smoking levels and, 835,
  8 :3940

Ontario Perinatal Mortality Study,
  833-35

prospective and retrospective studies,
  829

synergism of maternal smoking and
   other risk factors, 8%
INFANTS

(See also SMOKING, MATERNAL)
breastfed, effect of maternal smok-
ing, 8:51

effect of maternal smoking on birth
weight, 8:12-13
effect of maternal smoking on body
height, 8:19

INFECTIOUS DISEASES
  (See aleo RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTIONS)
in smoking vs. nonsmoking pregnant
   women, lo:19
INFLUENZA
  (See also RESPIRATORY TRACT
INFECTIONS)
incidence in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
    10:19
INITIATION OF SMOKING
age and, 17:7
behavioral factors, 16:5-13

developmental and social psychology,
  17%12

medical students, 22:18
psychoanalytic theory, 17:Wll
psychosocial factors in adolescence,
  17:l%17

INTELL.ECTUAL DEVELOPMENT
(See also LEARNING)
effect of maternal smoking on chil-
   dren, 1:21, 821-23
INTERMITTENT CIAUDICATION
effect of carbon monoxide, 454
smoking and, 453-54
INTERNATIONAL ATHEROSCLERO-
  SIS PROJECT

atherosclerosis risk factors, 4:8
summary of epidemiological data, 4:7
INVOLUNTARY SMOKING
absorption of nicotine by nonsmokers,
    11:24

absorption of tobacco constituents by
  nonsmokers, 11:6
allergy and, 11:31
asthma and, lo:21
effect of psychological factors on
physiologic response, 1127
effect on angina pectoris patients,
  11:30-31

effect on carboxyhemoglobin levels,
  11:21, 1123

effect on cardiac patients, 11:2%30
effect on children with respiratory
  diseases, 11:32

effect on fetus and breastfed in-
  fants, 8:51

effect on heart rate and blood pres-
  sure in children, 1127
effect on lung function in asthmatic
patients, 1022

effect on nonsmokers, lO:l2 11-5,
  11:15, 1128

effect on respiratory tract infections
  in infants, 845
effect on skin temperature, 1127
health effects, 21:17
health effects, summary of findings,
  124-25

research goals, 11%


hwphtocy ceaerve vohmw meamue-
  menta

  See RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
  TESTS
IODINE

blood levels in smoker3 vs. nonsmok-
   ers, 12%
ISCHEMIA

(see also cARD10vAScuLAR
DISEASE& CORONARY HEART
DISEASE)
effect of carbon monoxide and nico-
tine, 439

effect on myocardium, 4:19-26
in myocardial infarct etiology, 4:19
20, 439-46

sudden cardiac death and, 4:43
ISOPRENOIDS
structural formulae, 14:56
in tobacco, 14:48-49

KETONES

content in cigarette smoke, 1442
formation from humectants, 1463
KIDNEY NBOPUSMS, 5:47-49
mortality and risk ratios in smokers,
    5A8-49

smoking and, summary of findings,
   1:17
KIDNEYS
organ weight in smokers vs. non-
   smokers, I29
KIWANIS CLUB
youth-tiyouth antismoking program,
   20:15
KNOW YOUR BODY PROGRAM
antismoking education component,
   2611
description, 21:21l

LACTATION

(See also BREAST FEEDING)
effect of maternal smoking, 856
effect of maternal smoking, summa-
ry of findings, 122
effect of nicotine in animals, 8:49
and maternal smoking, research
  needs, 8:7%79

in smoking vs. nonsmoking mothers,
  8:48

LARYNGEAL NEOPLASMI
(See aho RESPIRATORY TRAtX
NBOPLASMS)
animal models, 534-35
aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induci-
   bility and, 5:57

asbestos and smoking and, 534
cigar and pipe smoking and, summa-
ry of findings, 127
effect of alcohol consumption and
smoking on risk, 5:32, 534
effect of cessation of smoking on
  risk, 534, 5:3738
effect of filters on risk, 53436
effect of smoking duration on risk,
  534

effect of smoking levels on risk,
  533-36

induced by benzo(a)pyrene in ham-
  sters, 534-35

induced by cigarette smoke in ham-
  sters, 534-35

morbidity and mortality in cigar vs.
cigarette vs. pipe smokers, 1324
mortality ratio in cigar vs. cigarette
vs. pipe smokers, 13%
mortality ratio in smokers, 532-33
radiation and smoking and, 1296
smoking and, summary of findings,
  1:16-17

(See also MEWIS)
levels in smokers vs. nonsmokers,
  1233

smoking and occupational exposure,
    717
LRAD-210

levels in cigarette smoke, 1466
as tobacco contaminant, 1426-21
LEARNING

  (See also INTELLECTUAL DE-
VELOPMENT)
effect of smoking, 15:13-19
smokers vs. nonsmokers, 15:19
LEGISLATION

Federal adult education laws, 21:7
minors' purchase and use of tobacco,
  23:7-a

National Consumer Health Informa-
tion Act of 1976, 2l:lO
ordinances restricting smoking in
public places, 21:18